| Country | Leader | From | To | |
| United States of America | Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) | Jan. 20, 1953 | Jan. 20, 1961 |  |
| United Kingdom | Harold Macmillan (1894-1986) | Jan. 10, 1957 | Oct. 19, 1963 |  |
| United Kingdom | Queen Elizabeth II (1926-) | Feb. 6, 1952 |  |
|
| Soviet Union | Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971) | Sept. 7, 1953 | Oct. 14, 1964 |  |
| People's Republic of China | Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) (1893-1976) | 1943 | Sept. 9, 1976 | |
| India | Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) | Aug. 15, 1947 | May 27, 1964 |  |
| Canada | John George Diefenbaker (1895-1979) | June 21, 1957 | Apr. 21, 1963 |  |
| France | Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970) | Jan. 8, 1959 | Apr. 28, 1969 |  |
| West Germany | Konrad Adenauer (1876-1967) | Sept. 15, 1949 | Oct. 16, 1963 |  |
| East Germany | Wilhelm Pieck (1876-1960) | Oct. 11, 1949 | Sept. 7, 1960 |  |
| Yugoslavia | Josip Broz Tito (1892-1980) | Nov. 29, 1945 | May 4, 1980 |  |
| Spain | Francisco Franco (1892-1975) | Apr. 1, 1939 | Nov. 20, 1975 |  |
| Mexico | Adolfo Lopez Mateos (1909-69) | Dec. 1, 1958 | Nov. 30, 1964 |  |
| Egypt | Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-70) | Jan. 16, 1956 | Sept. 28, 1970 |  |
| Iran | Mohammed Shah Pahlavi II (1919-80) | Sept. 16, 1944 | Feb. 11, 1979 |  |
| Israel | David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973) | May 14, 1948 | June 26, 1963 |  |
| Papacy | John XXIII (1881-1963) | Oct. 23, 1958 | June 3, 1963 |  |
| U.N. | Dag Hammarskjold of Sweden (1905-61) | Apr. 10, 1953 | Sept. 18, 1961 |  |
"
1960 Doomsday Clock: 7 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Rat (Jan. 28). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Top 15 U.S. Scientists. World pop.: 3B (double 1900 pop.), incl. 284M in Africa, 1.7B in Asia, 604M in Europe, 218M in Latin Am., 204M in North Am., and 16M in Oceania; the Eighteenth (18th) U.S. Census reports the total pop. at 179,323,175 in a land area of 3,540,911 sq. mi. (50.6 per sq. mi); white pop. is 88.6%, which incl. all Latin-Ams., blacks from the Dominican Repub., and Mexicans who resemble Native Ams; the 81 Communist parties of the world claim 40M members. U.S. GNP: $503B ($284B in 1950) ($521B in 1961) ($977B in 1970); govt. spending: $170B (27% of GNP) (21% in 1950) (32% in 1970). $1K U.S. this year buys as much as $6,818 in 2006; U.S. incomes: $5K-$10K: 25M, $10K-$25K: 5.3M, $25K and up: 500K (42.5K in 1939). In Britain, the richest 10% own 83% of the wealth (88% in 1939). It takes until the year 1967 for the human technical knowledge in this year to double, according to French economist Georges Anderla (1921-2005); last in 1950. Number of U.S. nuclear warheads: 18K (1K in 1955) (18K reasons to be nucleomitiphobic?); the Military-Industrial Complex (MIC) (coined on Jan. 17, 1961 by Pres. Eisenhower), consisting of the Iron Triangle of Industry, Congress, and the Armed Services is here to stay, sucking $5T out of U.S. taxpayers by the end of the cent. West German industrial production reaches 176% of Germany's 1936 level. Coal supplies 45% of U.S. energy needs, declining to 18% by 1975 after a switch to oil and natural gas; between this year and 1990 80B tons of CO2 are released into the atmosphere by humans, the same as from 1860-1960. U.S. city with highest per capita income: Detroit, Mich. 34% of U.S. women over age 14 are in the workforce (25% in 1940), along with 31% of all married women; 10% of working women are farm hands or servants (50% in 1900). U.S. homeowners: 32.8M (23.6M in 1950), with children aged 5-14 at 35.5M (24.3M in 1950) Automobiles in the U.S.: 74M (32.6M in 1941), one for every three Americans, with 15% of families having 2+ cars (vs. 7% in 1950). Surfaced roads in the U.S.: 2.17M mi. (1.68M in 1950); dirt roads: 951K mi. (1.31M in 1950). Total TV sets: U.S. 60M (vs. 6M in 1950), Britain: 10.5M, West Germany 2M, France 1.5M; 88% of American families (40M) own a TV set, producing 100M viewers. U.S. gin consumption: 19M gals., up from 6M gals. in 1950, with vodka going from .1M to 9M gals. U.S. guitar sales: $35M ($130M in 1968). U.S. computer sales: 2K (4K in 1964). U.S. paperback book sales: 300M. World religions: Christians 890M, Hindus 365M, Buddhists 200M, Jews 13M. The Sun's magnetic field begins a periodic expansion (until 2005), causing fewer cosmic rays to hit the Earth, decreasing the number of low wet clouds that reflect solar heat, increasing the avg. temp? Beginning this year large numbers of Cubans begin immigrating to the U.S. Black is as black does, or, Play that funky music white boy? The U.N. declares this the Year of Africa: 17 African states (out of 51, with over 1K different cultures and 800 languages) gain their full or token independence from white European govts. (16 join the U.N.): Cameroon (Jan. 1), Togo (Apr. 27), Mali (June 20), Senegal (June 20), Malagasy Repub. (Madagascar) (June 26), Belgian Congo (Kinshasa) (June 30), Ghana (Gold Coast) (July 1), Somalia (July 1), Ghana (July 1), Dahomey (Aug. 1), Niger (Aug. 3), Upper Volta (Aug. 5), Ivory Coast (Aug. 7) (two brands of bar soap?), Chad (Aug. 11), Central African Repub. (CAR) (Aug. 13), Congo Repub. (Brazzaville) (Aug. 15), Gabon (Aug. 17), Nigeria (Oct. 1), Mauritania (Nov. 28). Celtic squire John F. Handsome pulls Excalibur out of the stone and becomes king, er, president, and brings the halcyon, er, classy haute couture era of Camelot? On Jan. 1 Washington defeats Wisconsin by 44-8 to win the 1960 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 Sun City, Ariz. retirement community near Phoenix, built on the ghost town of Marinette in the shape of giant pinwheels of houses with spokes has a grand opening that draws 100K, growing to 37K pop., 98% white; too bad, it is built near livestock feedlot Spur Industries, and after both grow larger, Sun City begins to suffer from stench and flies, filing a lawsuit, resulting in the 1972 Ariz. supreme court case Spur Industries v. Del E. Webb Development Co., in which the feedlot is ruled a public nuisance, but since the town "came to a nuisance" on its own, it must pay them for shutting down or moving. On Jan. 2 Oodnadatta, South Australia 542 mi. N of Adelaide reaches 50.7C (123.3F), becoming the highest temperature ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere and Oceania (until ?). On Jan. 2 Mass. Sen. John F. Kennedy (Gaelic "Kenneth" = handsome, "Kennedy" = helmet or deformed or ugly head) announces his candidacy for the Dem. pres. nomination, with the slogan "The New Generation Offers a New Leader", uttering the soundbyte: "The presidency is the most powerful office in the free world. Through its leadership can come a more vital life for all of our people. In it are centered the hopes of the globe around us for freedom and a more secure life", adding that he won't accept the vice-presidency as an option; liberal Harvard-educated closet-gay columnist Joseph Wright Alsop V (1910-89) calls him an "[Adlai] Stevenson with balls"; Frank Sinatra campaigns for him, backfiring when his swinging lifestyle and Mafia connections are used as ammo by Repubs.; JFK closes each speech with the Robert Frost quote: "But I have promises to keep,/ And miles to go before I sleep,/ And miles to go before I sleep" - that last mile was a doozy? On Jan. 4 the European Free Trade Assoc. (EFTA) Convention is signed by the "Outer Seven States", Britain, Denmark, Austria, Portugal, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland, entering into force on May 3; Finland joins in 1961, and Liechtenstein in 1991; Britain and Denmark leave in 1973, followed by Portugal in 1986; by the end of the cent. only Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein remain. On Jan. 6 (2:38 a.m.) Nat. Airlines Flight 2511 (Douglas DC-6) en route from New York City to Miami, Fla. explodes in midair over Bolivia, N.C. after well-insured New York atty. Julian A. Frank sets off a suicide bomb, killing 33 - he wasn't a Muslim? On Jan. 7 Ike's Eighth State of the Union Address begins "Seven years ago I entered my present office with one long-held resolve overriding all others. I was then, and remain now, determined that the United States shall become an ever more potent resource for the cause of peace, realizing that peace cannot be for ourselves alone, but for peoples everywhere. This determination is shared by the entire Congress, indeed, by all Americans"; after going on to brag about the awesome military power of the U.S. and the threat of Communism, he says: "The fissure that divides our political planet is deep and wide. We live, moreover, in a sea of semantic disorder in which old labels no longer faithfully describe. Police states are called people's democracies. Armed conquest of free people is called liberation. Such slippery slogans make more difficult the problem of communicating true faith, facts and beliefs. We must make clear our peaceful intentions, our aspirations for a better world. So doing, we must use language to enlighten the mind, not as the instrument of the studied innuendo and distorter of truth. And we must live by what we say. On my recent visit to distant lands I found one statesman after another eager to tell me of the elements of their government that had been borrowed from our American Constitution, and from the indestructible ideals set forth in our Declaration of Independence. As a nation we take pride that our own constitutional system, and the ideals which sustain it, have been long viewed as a fountainhead of freedom. By our every action we must strive to make ourselves worthy of this trust, ever mindful that an accumulation of seemingly minor encroachments upon freedom gradually could break down the entire fabric of a free society. So persuaded, we shall get on with the task before us. So dedicated, and with faith in the Almighty, humanity shall one day achieve the unity in freedom to which all men have aspired from the dawn of time." On Jan. 7 a U.S. 2-stage solid fuel Polaris UGM-27 A1 Missile is test-launched from Cape Canaveral; on Apr. 14 one is launched underwater for the first time; on July 20 a missile is successfully test-fired into the air from a submarine, after which it becomes known as a fleet ballistic missile (FBM); in 1961 Holy Loch in the Firth of Clyde in Argyll, Scotland becomes a Polaris base (until 1992). On Jan. 9 the $1B 3,830m long x 980m wide x 111m tall Aswan High Dam on the first cataract of the Nile River (170B cu. m. of water), funded by the Soviet Union is begun (finished July 21, 1970), flooding Lower Nubia and displacing 60K; meanwhile UNESCO launches a rescue operation for antiquities, while Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the country's media - dam dumb ideas? On Jan. 12 (Tues.) the crime drama series Johnny Midnight debuts in syndication for 39 episodes (until Dec. 7), starring Edmond O'Brien (1915-85) as actor-turned-P.I. Johnny Midnight, who lives in a plush penthouse in Manhattan, N.Y. and focuses on cases in Times Square and Broadway, narrating his stories in a terse Humphrey Bogart style; Yuki Shimoda (1921-81) plays his wisecracking Japanese manservant Uki; the theme song is "Lullaby of Broadway". On Jan. 14 the U.S. Army promotes pvt. Elvis Presley to sgt.; on Mar. 5 Sgt. Elvis Presley (b. 1935) is discharged from the U.S. Army. Japan gets off to a fast start taking over the U.S. economy starting with the prime material, steel? On Jan. 15 the 6-mo.-old. 1959 U.S. Steel Strike (begun on July 15) ends, with a new 20-mo. contract giving workers a 7 cent an hour pay raise plus automatic cost-of-living adjustments and better benefits; too bad, U.S. industries didn't wait, and began importing steel from Japan and Korea, beginning the downfall of the U.S. steel industry. On Jan. 18 the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty is signed in Washington, D.C., and ratified by the Japanese House of Reps. on June 19 despite violent riots, and becomes effective on June 23; meanwhile a U.S.-Japanese summit is planned for June, but on June 16 after three weeks of leftist anti-U.S. and anti-treaty demonstrations, PM Nobusuke Kishi requests Pres. Eisenhower to postpone his scheduled visit. The team that killed JFK and burglarized the Watergate Complex was born on TLW's 7th birthday? On Jan. 18 CIA officials, incl. Everett Howard Hunt Jr. (1918-2007) (the mastermind of the 1972 Watergate break-ins) meet near the Lincoln Memorial in the office of Cuban Task Force dir. Charles Tracy Barnes (1911-72) (who is fired from the CIA in July 1966 by new CIA dir. Richard Helms), and establish Operation 40, consisting of 40 Cuban exiles trained to assassinate Fidel Castro; the group is run by vice-pres. Richard Nixon, and funded by a group of Texas oilmen headed by George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-) and Jack Alston Crichton (1916-2007); on Mar. 17 Pres. Eisenhower authorizes the program; operatives incl. Cuban exile Felix Ismael Rodriguez Mendigutia (1941-), who later is involved with the 1967 interrogation and execution of Che Guevara, and surfaces again with ties to George H.W. Bush during the 1986 Iran-Contra Affair; members later surface as the 1972 Watergate burglars, and are suspected of involvement in the 1963 JFK assassination - washed-up Nixon supplies the JFK assassination team to get rid of a pinko pres. in return for a political resurrection and future presidency? On Jan. 18 white-is-right WGG T.L. Winslow (TLW) (1953-) of Denver, Colo. in the U.S. heartland turns seven, going on to prove always too young to join the 1950s teenie revolt, the 1960s college student revolt, the 1960s hippie movement, or to be drafted to fight in Vietnam, but always old enough to take it all in, growing up this decade while going through an endless parade of heroes, whom he all rejects, ending up as the real TLW, the universal student who needs at least 50 years to get up to speed, check back with him if you're still around, okay? On Jan. 22 the Johnburg Coal Mine in Coalbrook (S of Johannesburg), South Africa explodes, killing 437 (mostly blacks), becoming the country's worst mining disaster (until ?). On Jan. 23 the U.S. Navy bathyscape Trieste, built by Jacques Piccard (1922-) and his father Auguste Piccard, and carrying Jacques and U.S. Navy Lt. Don Walsh (1931-) descends to 35.8K ft. (10.9Km) while exploring the Challenger Deep, lowest part of the Marianas Trench in the Pacific E of the Philippines (the lowest part of the ocean) - negative 8 miles high? On Jan. 24-Feb. 1 the Week of the Barricades in Algiers, Algeria sees student and army protests of Charles de Gaulle's policy, after which on Jan. 29 de Gaulle addresses the nation on TV, calling on the army to remain loyal, causing the siege to end, after which leaders Pierre Lagaillarde (1931-) and Jean-Jacques Susini (1933-), are arrested and taken to Paris, then flee parole and return to Algeria via Spain, setting up the Organisation de l'Armee Secrete (OAS) (Secret Armed Org.) (motto "Algeria is French and will remain so") with gen. Raoul Albin Louis Salan (1899-1984) on Dec. 3, which begins terrorist activities against Algerians and pro-govt. French citizens. On Jan. 24 Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68) moves his family from Montgomery, Ala. to Atlanta, Ga., becoming co-pastor with his father MLK Sr. of the Ebenezer Baptist Church; on Feb. 17 an Ala. grand jury finding that he falsified his 1956 and 1958 Ala. state income tax returns results in a warrant for his arrest, and on May 28 an all-white jury in Montgomery, Ala. acquits him; meanwhile on May 4 he is arrested in cracker-run Jawjaw (Ga.) for driving without a Ga. license, even though he has one from Ala. On Jan. 25 (Mon.) the half-hour variety show The Kate Smith Show debuts on CBS-TV for 25 episodes (until July 18, 1960), starring "God Bless America" singer ("the First Lady of Radio") ("the Songbird of the South") Kathryn Elizabeth "Kate" Smith (1907-86), with the theme song "When the Moon Comes Over the Mountain"; too bad, her 1930s-40s popularity doesn't carry over into the 1960s, and it tanks in 6 mo. On Jan. 26 the U.N. Security Council votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 133 to admit Cameroon; on May 31 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 136 to admit Togo; on June 28 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 139 to to admit Mali; on June 29 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 140 to admit the Malagasy Repub. (Madagascar); on July 5 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 141 to admit Somalia; on July 7 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 142 to admit the (Dem.) Repub. of Congo; on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 147 to admit Dahomey (Benin); on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 148 to admit Niger; on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 149 to admit Upper Volta (Burkina Faso); on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 150 to admit Ivory Coast; on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 151 to admit Chad; on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 152 to admit the Repub. of the Congo; on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 153 to admit Gabon; on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 154 to admit the Central African Repub.; on Aug. 23 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 155 to admit Cyprus; on Sept. 28 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 158 to admit Senegal; on Sept. 28 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 159 to admit Mali; on Oct. 7 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 160 to admit Nigeria. On Jan. 27 Belgian and Congolese leaders agree to allow the Congo to become independent on June 30. In Jan. the U.S. stock market begins a 10-mo. decline of 16%. In Jan. German-born Marita Lorenz (1939-), who has been hooking up with Fidel Castro since 1959 is involved in an assassination attempt on him by the CIA, run by Frank Anthony Sturgis (1924-93), who allegedly meets with Lee Harvey Oswald in Miami, Fla. before the JFK assassination, according to Jim Buchanan. In Jan. the English teenie Quarrymen band, formed in Mar. 1957 by John Winston Lennon (1940-80), adding James Paul McCartney (1942-) in July 1957 and George Harrison (1943-2001) in Mar. 1958 signs bassist Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe (1940-62), followed on Aug. 12 by lousy drummer Randolph Peter "Pete" Best (1941-) ("the forgotten Beatle") (son of the owner of the Casbah Club in Liverpool), leaving on Aug. 16 for Hamburg, Germany, and playing at the Indra Club of porno shop owner Bruno Koschmider on Aug. 17 for 48 nights, followed by the Kaiserkeller in Oct., then the rival Top Ten Club, pissing Koschmider off, who gets Harrison deported on Nov. 21 for lying to authorities about his age and having no work permit, followed by McCartney and Best a week later for setting fire to a condom in their filthy living quarters, causing damage to it, leaving Sutcliffe behind with his babe Astrid Kirchherr (1938-); they begin wearing cowboy boots, jeans, and leather jackets before Hamburg?; on Dec. 17 they play at the Casbah Club in Liverpool; meanwhile they change their name to Johnny and the Moondogs, Long John and the Beetles (after Buddy Holly and the Crickets), the Silver Beetles, and finally the Beatles. In Jan.-Aug. food shortages cause 160K refugees to cross from East to West Germany, pissing of Soviet PM Nikita Khrushchev and causing him to order the building of the 103-mi. 12-ft.-high Berlin Wall. Blacks start the decade out fast with their first sit-in? On Feb. 1 the Greensboro Four, black N.C. A&T students Joseph McNeil, David Richmond, Franklin McCain, and Jibreel Khazan (Ezell Blair Jr.) begin a sit-in at an F.W. Woolworth lunch counter on South Elm St. in Greensboro, N.C. after being refused service, returning each day with more and more black friends until they get served coffee, while white racist youths harass them; the sit-in spreads to Woolsworths in 15 cities, then spreads to Walgreen's, S.H. Kress, W.T. Grant, and Liggett stores, then to every segregated facility in society, incl. libraries, parks, theaters, bingo halls, etc.; on May 10 Woolworth desegregates lunch counters in six Nashville stores, the first action in any Southern state except Tex.; on June 23 Hot Shoppes in Va. desegregate, followed by all stores in Knoxville on July 18; on July 25 the original store in Greensboro gives in, but the opposition stiffens and on Oct. 19 Atlanta police arrest 51 demonstrators led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68), who refuse bail and are jailed. On Feb. 1-13 29 U.S. oil cos. are tried in U.S. district court in Tulsa, Okla. for conspiring to fix oil and gasoline prices; judge Royce H. Savage (1904-93) rules for the defendants, saying "The evidence does not rise above the level of suspicion." On Feb. 3 British PM (1957-63) Maurice Harold "Supermac" Macmillan (1894-1986) delivers his Wind of Change Speech in South Africa, with the soundbyte: "The wind of change is blowing through this continent. Whether we like it or not, this growth of national consciousness is a political fact", announcing the intention of the Conservative British govt. to grant independence to its African territories, calling the greatest issue remaining in the 20th cent. whether the new African states will side with the West or the Commies in the Cold War. On Feb. 8 the U.S. Congress begins hearings into payola (pay-for-play) in the U.S. broadcasting industry; the next big U.S. govt. investigation into pay-for-play is run by the FCC in 2006. On Feb. 8 Carl Wesley Matthews is denied lunch counter service at a Kress dept. store in Winston-Salem, N.C., causing him to begin a protest that is joined on Feb. 23 by black students from Winston-Salem Teachers College and white students from Wake Forest U., along with more from Atkins High School; on May 23 after 107 days the city caves and signs a desegregation agreement with local businesses, and on May 25 Matthews becomes the first black to be served at a desegregated lunch counter in the U.S. South. Did he use a Silver Bullet? On Feb. 9 Coors beer magnate Adolph Coors III (b. 1916), grandson of the founder is kidnapped and murdered en route to work in Golden, Colo. by Seattle, Wash.-born Fulbright scholar and escaped murderer Joseph Corbett Jr. (1928-2009), who tries to get $500K in ransom before the remains are found on Sept. 14 in a garbage dump near Pikes Peak, after which Corbett is captured in Vancouver, Canada on Oct. 29 and sentenced to life, then paroled in 1978, ending up living in Denver, Colo.; too bad, the experience causes Coors to initiate polygraph tests for potential employees. I don't give a shit about NBC censors? On Feb. 11 Tonight Show host (1957-62) Jack Paar (1918-2004) gets pissed-off and walks off the show to protest censorship of a joke mentioning a "W.C." (water closet, i.e., toilet), saying "There must be a better way of making a living than this", after which announcer Hugh Downs finishes the show; on Mar. 7 Paar returns, saying "As I was saying before I was interrupted, when I walked off, I said there must be a better way of making a living. Well, I've looked and there isn't." On Feb. 13 France explodes its first atomic (plutonium) bomb in the Sahara in French Algeria, followed by two more on Apr. 1; the nuclear club now consists of France, the U.S., Soviet Union and Britain; pacifist nuclear physicist Francis Perrin (1901-92) (son of Nobel Physics Prize winner Jean Baptiste Perrin) heads the French atomic energy commission that oversees their development. On Feb. 13 after Soviet deputy PM Anastas I. Mikoyan negotiates for Russia, they sign a trade pact with Cuba, with the Soviets giving Cuba $100M in credit and promising to purchase 5M tons of Cuban sugar over the next five years; on Feb. 21 Cuba places all private industry under govt. control; the first shipment of Soviet oil arrives in Havana on Apr. 19, after which U.S.-owned refineries refuse to refine it or to sell oil to Cuba, pissing-off Fidel Castro, who nationalizes the Texaco Refinery on June 29, followed on July 1 by the Esso Standard and Shell Refineries. On Feb. 15 the Danny Thomas Show (Make Room for Daddy) guest-stars Andy Samuel Griffith (1926-2012) as a small town sheriff in Mayberry, N.C. stopping Danny for a traffic violation and putting him in jail; the positive response results in the Oct. 3 debut of The Andy Griffith Show on CBS-TV (until Apr. 1, 1968), produced by Danny Thomas and Sheldon Leonard, starring Andy Samuel Griffith (1926-2012) as Sheriff Andy of Mayberr, N.C., Jesse Donald "Don" Knotts (1924-2006) as bumbling deputy Barney Fife, and Ronald William "Ron" Howard (1954-) as Andy's innocent loveable son Opie, whom Andy raises sans wife with the help of spinster Aunt Bee, played by Frances Bavier (1902-89); it is filmed in B&W until 1965; the theme song The Fishin' Hole is composed by Earle Hagen (the whistler), Herbert Spencer, and Everett Sloane. On Feb. 16-May 10 the 447-ft. USS Triton twin-reactor nuclear submarine, captained by "Run Silent, Run Deep" (1955) author Edward Latimer "Ned" Beach (1918-2002), with a crew of 176 plus six scientists completes the first submerged circumnavigation of the Earth in 84 days (30,708 mi.), tracing the same route used by Ferdinand Magellan in 1519; they cheat and surface on Mar. 5 to transfer a sick crewman to heavy cruiser Macon off Montevideo before rounding Cape Horn - looking for lost loot? On Feb. 18 the Latin Am. Free Trade Assoc. (LAFTA) is founded by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, effective next June 2; on Dec. 13 the Central Am. Common Market is founded by El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua (Costa Rica in July 1962). On Feb. 19 after pressure on Calif. gov. (1959-67) Pat Brown by J. Edgar Hoover, the U. of Calif. regents retract the following question from its Subject A aptitude test for high school applicants: "What are the dangers to a democracy of a national police organization, like the FBI, which operates secretly and is unresponsive to public criticism" - duh, assassinations and coverups? On Feb. 21 academic Viggo Olfert Fischer Kampmann (1910-76) of the Social Dem. Party beomes PM of Denmark (until Sept. 3, 1962). On Feb. 21 the Repub. of Cameroon (founded Jan. 1) adopts the 1960 Cameroon Constitution in a referendum, then chooses a nat. assembly in Apr., electing PM #1 (Jan. 1-May 15) Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo (1924-89) (a Muslim) as pres. #1 (until Nov. 6, 1982). On Feb. 25 a U.S. Navy plane carrying Navy musicians to perform at a dinner given by visiting Pres. Eisenhower collides with a Brazilian airliner over Rio de Janeiro, killing 61. On Feb. 26 Soviet PM Nikita Khrushchev voices support for Indonesia. On Feb. 29 (23:40 WET) the 5.8 shallow Agadir Earthquake in SW coastal Morroco kills 12K-15K out of 45K in Agadir and injures 12K, leaving 35K homeless and causing the city to have to be rebuilt, becoming the deadliest earthquake in Morocan history (until ?). In Feb. Butcher Hollow, Ky.-born unknown Loretta Lynn (nee Webb) (1932-) cuts her first record Honky Tonk Girl, touring the U.S. to sell it to country radio stations until it reaches #14, launching her career. On Mar. 1 Benito Nardone Cetrulo (1906-64) becomes pres. of Uruguay (until Mar. 1, 1961); on Mar. 2 Pres. Eisenhower addresses the Uruguayan congress, and declares that in the previous fiscal year the total of U.S. public and private funding to Latin Am. was about $1B - therefore I own you all? On Mar. 1 1K black students pray and sing the nat. anthem on the steps of the old Confederate Capitol in Montgomery, Ala. On Mar. 1 the Associated Broadcasting Co. in the Philippines is established, later (2006) producing "Philippine Idol". On Mar. 3 14.5" of snow falls in New York City (9th largest). On Mar. 4 (3:10 p.m.) the 4,310-ton Belgian-flagged French cargo ship La Coubre, carrying 76 tons of Belgian munitions from Antwerp for Castro's regime explodes in Havana Harbor, after which a 2nd bomb explodes during the rescue operation, killing 75 (101?) (136?) and injuring 200+, becoming the first successful action carried out by CIA Operation 40; on Mar. 4 Castro holds a rally blaming saboteurs, where Castro's official photographer Alberto Korda (Alberto Diaz Gutierrez) (1928-2001) snaps a Photo of Che Guevara which he calls "Guerrillero Heroico", and which becomes an icon, with millions of copies sold and hung on dorm room walls in the U.S. and elsewhere (most famous photo in the world?); too bad, hunky dreamy-eyed beret-wearing Che doesn't like his new bureaucratic establishment job, so he goes to the Congo to stir things up, then when that fails he returns to repeat his Cuban experience in Bolivia, taking to the mountains with a hardy band of revolutionaries, and finding their govt. a bit tougher than Batista's - he never heard of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid? Speaking of hot-to-trot Cubans? On Mar. 4 after catching him with the zillionth bimbo, Lucille Ball (1911-89) files for divorce from hubby (since Nov. 30, 1940) Desi Arnaz (1917-86), which is finalized on May 4; on Nov. 19, 1961 Ball marries Jewish-Am. comedian Gary Morton (Morton Goldaper) (1924-99), who allegedly never watched her show "I Love Lucy", and ends up as head of Desilu Productions; on Mar. 2, 1963 Arnaz marries Edith Mack Hirsch (-1985); this time both stay married. On Mar. 4 the Bruderheim Meteorite lands near Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, causing the establishment of the Canadian Meteorite Observation and Recovery Project (MORP) in 1971. On Mar. 6 Swiss women gain the right to vote in municipal elections. On Mar. 7 Time mag. pub. an article on the Black Knight Satellite, a dead or dark satellite discovered orbiting over the continental U.S. in a polar orbit, which it claims is the lost Discoverer 1 Corona Recon Satellite launched in Feb. 1959; too bad, after a photo of it is taken on Sept. 3 and it is found to be travelling in an E-W rather than W-E orbit like other manmade satellites, the UFO people jump on the bandwagon. On Mar. 8 the first pres. primary is held in N.H., with wins for Hubert Humphrey and Richard Nixon, and John F. Kennedy breathing down Humphrey's neck; Nixon leads Kennedy in the Gallup polls by 6 points (53-47), down from 22 points for Kennedy (61-39) in July 1959. On Mar. 11 the U.S. launches the NASA Pioneer 5 (Pioneer P-2) (Thor Able 4) spin-stabilized space probe from Cape Canaveral into solar orbit between Earth and Venus; it goes on to confirm the existence of interplanetary magnetic fields. On Mar. 15 10 nations meet in Geneva for the non U.N.-sponsored East-West Disarmament Conference; too bad, the U-2 fiasco ends up torpedoing it after Soviet delegate Valerian Alexandrovich Zorin (1902-86) denounces the West for 90 min. then walks out in the summer. On Mar. 15 South Korean pres. Syngman Rhee is reelected for a 4th term after an opposition party official is beaten to death and he runs unopposed; on Apr. 19 the 1960 South Korean Student Rev. begins to protest the rigged elections, causing police to fire on demonstrators in Seoul, killing 127, after which on Apr. 27 Rhee rhee-signs, signs-off and flees into exile in Honolulu, Hawaii in late May - doo doo doo doo doo-doo, doo doo doo doo dah (Hawaii Five-O Theme)? On Mar. 17 Fidel Castro rejects a last attempt by the Eisenhower admin. to reach an understanding, causing Ike to approve the use of a Cuban exile army to oust him; in Apr. the CIA begins planning the Bay of Pigs Invasion along with the assassination of Castro (without telling Ike?), with an initial budget of $4.4M, which grows to $46M. On Mar. 18, 1960 under the WWII Global Accords, West Germany pays Greece 115M German marks, followed by 400M to France, 100m to Poland, 7.5M to Russia, and 8M to Yugoslavia. On Mar. 21 the Sino-Nepalese Boundary Agreement agrees to the traditional border with scientific demarcation, after which a boundary treaty is signed next Oct. 5. On Mar. 21 the Sharpeville Massacre sees South African police kill 69 and injure 180 of 5K-7K blacks in Sharpeville protesting the apartheid pass laws, causing an internat. protest; on Mar. 30 the govt. declares a state of emergency (until Aug. 31); on Apr. 1 the U.N. Security Council votes 9-0-2 (France, U.K.) to adopt Resolution 134, calling for South Africa to abandon apartheid, making it an internat. pariah; meanwhile the South African govt. bans the PAC and ANC, causing them to go from passive to active resistance; in 1966 the U.N. establishes Mar. 21 as the Internat. Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. On Mar. 21 U.S. Marine Corps Reserve pilot Capt. John Eaheart (b. 1928) crashes his F9F Cougar fighter jet into Flathead Lake, Wyo. near the home of his fiancee's parents; his remains are not found until 2006. On Mar. 23 Explorer 8 is launched at Cape Canaveral, but fails to reach Earth orbit - how many years until this would refer to an Internet browser? On Mar. 23 Italian PM (since 1959) Antonio Segni resigns, and on Mar. 25 Christian Dem. leader Fernando Tambroni Armaroli (1901-63) becomes PM #51 of Italy; after he suggests that the crypto-fascist Italian Social Movement support his party against the left, causing riots in Genoa and other cities, he resigns, and on July 26 Christian Dem. leader Amintore Fanfani (1908-99) becomes PM #52 of Italy (until June 21, 1963). On Mar. 24 Pres. Eisenhower agrees to stop U.S. atomic testing, but secretly authorizes resumption of U-2 flights on Apr. 9. On Mar. 25 the nuclear sub USS Halibut launches its first guided missile. On Mar. 25 the grisly head-on-a-spike of 17th cent. English dictator Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) finally comes to a rest on the grounds of Cambridge U., where it is buried near a chapel at Sidney Sussex College. On Mar. 26 Iraq executes 30 for attempting a coup. On Mar. 28 (7 p.m.) a whisky warehouse on Cheapside St. on Anderston Quay in Glasgow, Scotland explodes during a fire, killing 19 firefighters. On Mar. 29 The New York Times pub. an article titled "Heed Their Rising Voices", asking for contributions to help Martin Luther King Jr. et al. to fight "a wave of terror" by Southern racists, claiming they padlocked a dining room to starve students into submission, after which Montgomery, Ala. city commissioner L.B. Sullivan sues them for defamation, and it goes to the U.S. Supreme Court as "New York Times v. Sullivan" (decided 1964). In Mar. the Justice League debuts in DC Comics' "The Brave and the Bold" #28, consisting of Superman, Aquaman, Flash, Green Lantern, Martian Manhunter, Batman, and Wonder Woman; in Nov. "Justice League of America" debuts. On Apr. 1 TIROS-1, the first weather satellite is launched from Cape Canaveral - coverstory for a spy satellite? On Apr. 1 former Burmese PM (1948-56, 1957-8) U Nu is elected PM of Burma again (until Mar. 2, 1962). On Apr. 1 France explodes two A-bombs in the Sahara Desert. On Apr. 2 Cuba purchases oil from the Soviet Union. On Apr. 3 Cambodian king (since 1955) Norodom Suramarit (b. 1896) dies, causing his PM son Prince Norodom Sihanouk (1922-) and his cabinet to resign on Apr. 12 until a nat. referendum on June 5 gives him an overwhelming vote of confidence as PM ("head of state") (under the queenship of his mother) (until Mar. 18, 1970). On Apr. 3 (Sun.) the Charismatic Movement is launched in the U.S. when Dennis J. Bennett (1917-91), rector of St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Van Nuys, Calif. confesses to his Pentecostal experience, converting many of his congregation and being forced to resign, causing a controversy that spreads; in 1985 the Third Wave of the Holy Spirit AKA Signs and Wonders sees the movement spread to the Evangelicals, who become known as neo-charismatics. On Apr. 4 the 32nd Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1959 to MGM's Ben-Hur, along with 10 other Oscars, incl. best actor to Charlton Heston, best supporting actor to Hugh Griffith, and best dir. to William Wyler; best actress goes to Simone Signoret for Room at the Top (first French actress to win), and best supporting actress to Shelley Winters for The Diary of Anne Frank. On Apr. 5 John F. Kennedy beats Hubert Humphrey in the Wisc. primary, receiving 56% of the vote. On Apr. 9 the first of two U-2 overflights of the Soviet Union is made; the backup pilot is Gary Powers. On Apr. 10 the U.S. Senate passes the 1960 U.S. Civil Rights Act, which protects black voters' rights by establishing federal inspection of local voter registration polls, introducing penalties for obstructing somebody's attempt to register to vote or vote, and establishing the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights; Pres. Eisenhower signs it on May 6; too bad, black voters only increase 3% at the next election as the repression continues at the state level with literacy tests, poll taxes, and gerrymandering. On Apr. 13 after launching the prototype Transit 1A in Sept. 1959, which fails to reach orbit, the U.S. Navy launches Transit 1B (NAVSAT) (NNSS) from Cape Canaveral on a Thor-Ablestar rocket, becoming the first satellite navigation system, used by Polaris ballistic missile subs, surface ships, and hydrographic-geodetic surveying; the satellites provide continuous navigation service starting in 1964, later allowing civilian use; last satellite is launched in 1988, and it is retired in 1996. On Apr. 15 the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (pr. like "snick") is formed after student meetings at Shaw U. in Raleigh, N.C. by black student Ella Josephine Baker (1903-86) et al., going on to play a major role in sit-ins, freedom rides, the 1963 Great March on Washington, Miss. Freedom Summer et al. The 1960s starts out with protections for crazy defendants? On Apr. 18 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules in Dusky v. U.S. that a defendant has a right to a competency evaluation before trial; in 1979 the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals rules in Rogers v. Okin that a mental patient in a state psychiatric facility has the right to refuse medication in non-emergency conditions until he/she is adjudicated to be incompetent; on June 24, 1993 the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) Court rules 7-2 in Godinez v. Moran that the competency standard applies to pleading guilty or waiving the right to counsel. One of the worse typhoon seasons ever says welcome to the 1960s? On Apr. 22-26 Tropical Storm Karen hits the Philippines, killing 56, leaving 7K homeless and causing $2M damage; on May 25-June 1 Tropical Storm Lucille hits the Philippines again, causing flash flooding in Manilla which kills 300; on June 2-18 150 mph Typhoon "Bloody" Mary becomes the worst to hit Hong Kong since Sept. 2, 1937, killing 1.6K and leaving 18K homeless, after which it kills 1M in Fukien Province, China; on June 23-30 Typhoon Olive kills 104 in Luzon, Philippines; on July 29-Aug. 2 Super Typhoon Shirley devastates Taiwan, killing 104, damaging or destroying 9.9K houses and leaving 50K homeless; on Aug. 4-9 Typhoon Trix kills four more in Taiwan; on Aug. 8-13 Typhoon Virginia hits Japan, killing two; on Aug. 16-24 Typhoon Carmen (largest eye for a cyclone until ?) hits Korea, causing 24 casualties and $2M in damage; on Aug. 19-25 Typhoon Della hits Japan, causing a landslide in Nishinomiya that kills 38 road workers, plus another 17 throughout the country; on Aug. 20-31 Typhoon Elaine hits Taiwan, destroying 280 homes and killing five; on Oct. 2-13 Typhoon Kit in the W Pacific kills 149 fishermen and $3M damage; on Oct. 8-17 Typhoon Lola hits the Philippines, killing 58, destroying the rice crop, and causing $15M in damage; on Nov. 21-Dec. 8 Super Typhoon Ophelia kills two in the Caroline Islands while traveling 5K mi., after which its name is officially retired. On Apr. 25 Fernando Tambroni (1901-63) of the Christian Dem. Party continues as PM after resigning on Apr. 11, and forms a new govt. on July 27. On Apr. 27 former French colony Togo becomes an independent repub. with wealthy PM (since 1958) Sylvanus Epiphenio Olympio (1902-63) as pres. #1 (until Jan. 13, 1963), going on to negotiate a settlement of the alleged debt the country owes to France for 46 years of colonization; France goes on to create the French Colonial Pact with its former African countries to retain influence (until ?). On Apr. 27 the U.S. territory of Am. Samoa (pop. 20K) adopts the 1960 Am. Samoa Constitution, which becomes effective on Oct. 17; it is revised in 1967. On Apr. 27 the U.S. launches USS Tullibee, its first quiet nuclear-powered electric-drive hunter-killer submarine; it is decommissioned on June 18, 1988. On Apr. 28 the Sino-Nepalese Treaty of Peace and Friendship is signed, and Nepal agrees to treat China's problems with Tibet as an internal matter and to back the One China policy. In Apr. Guns mag. pub. the article Know Your Lawmakers, in which lifetime NRA member JFK utters the soundbyte: "By calling attention to 'a well regulated militia,' the 'security' of the nation, and the right of each citizen 'to keep and bear arms,' our founding fathers recognized the essentially civilian nature of our economy. Although it is extremely unlikely that the fears of governmental tyranny which gave rise to the Second Amendment will ever be a major danger to our nation, the Amendment still remains an important declaration of our basic civilian-military relationships, in which every citizen must be ready to participate in the defense of his country. For that reason I believe the Second Amendment will always be important." On May 1 India's state of Bombay splits into the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The dream of Ike's entire administration of reaching detente with the Russkies through Ike's personal diplomacy is shot down over the Urals on Commie Mayday? On May 1 (Sun.) (Mayday) (6 weeks after Lee Harvey Oswald arrived in the Soviet Union) the U.S. Lockheed U-2 spy plane (sortie #4154 of Operation Overflight, commanded by Col. William M. Shelton, leaving at 3:26 a.m. Moscow time) piloted by beefy crew-cut Air Force 1st Lt. Francis Gary Powers (1929-77) (salary $30K/year) is shot down at 65K ft. alt. by 14 Soviet S-75 Dvina (SA-2 Guideline) SAMs over the Soviet Union near Degtyarsk (near Sverdlovsk) (the Russian Ruhr) in the Urals (1.3K mi. from the Soviet-Afghan border) on a spy run from Badaber (near Peshawar), Pakistan to Bodo, Norway (1st overflight since Apr. 9, 2nd U-2 overflight since last Oct., and 1st attempt to cross the entire Soviet Union, personally approved by Eisenhower); Powers wasn't shot down but defected?; the incident causes the B-70 Valkyrie high altitude Mach 3 nuclear bomber program (begun in 1957) to be canceled next year, causing the B-52 to be forced to keep on keeping on; Powers was flying U-2 #360, known to be a "dog" with faulty fuel tanks, and waits 56 min. on the flight line waiting for final White House approval; he parachutes onto a large state farm and is held by farmers at gunpoint until the KGB arrives; on May 5 (Thur.) after NASA issues a coverup report about an aircraft missing N of Turkey, claiming pilot oxygen difficulties, Khrushchev reports the true incident in a 3.5 hour speech in the Supreme Soviet, calling it a "spy plane", after which the same day the U.S. responds by lying that it was a weather observation plane that may have "strayed" over the Russian border, not realizing that the plane had been captured almost intact along with its photographic equipment after Powers failed to activate the self-destruct mechanism before parachuting out; on May 7 Khrushchev springs his trap, revealing that Powers was captured "alive and kicking", and has made a "complete confession", calling his mission "an agressive act" by the U.S. "aimed at wrecking the summit", with the soundbyte "Now just look how many silly things [the Amerikanskies] have said", raising a big stink which causes lasting injury to U.S.-Soviet relations; Powers was carrying the "silver dollar" containing an instant-death curare-tipped needle, but whimped out and didn't use it; on May 6 Lincoln White of the U.S. State Dept. issues an official coverup, with the soundbyte: "There was absolutely no deliberate intention to violate Soviet airspace, and there has never been"; on May 9 Khrushchev warns that any country allowing U.S. spy planes will be attacked by Soviet rockets; on May 11 Ike belatedly assumes personal responsibility for all U-2 flights, and K-Shoe responds by displaying the plane wreckage and uttering the soundbyte: "The Russian people would say I was mad to welcome a man who sends spy planes over here"; on May 15 Ike suspends future U-2 flights; on May 16 the Four-Nation Summit (U.S., U.K., Soviet Union, France) in the Elysee Palace in Paris begins, but collapses after Khrushchev accuses Ike of "treachery" and "bandit" acts, demands an apology, then demands it be postponed for 6 mo. and walks out on both shoes; on May 17 at 5 p.m. the summit ends after Ike refuses to apologize; on May 18 Khrushchev tells a press conference attended by 3K that the U.S. is "thief-like", "piratical", and "cowardly"; on July 8 the Soviets charge Powers wth espionage, and he pleads guilty on Aug. 17, saying "I have a sackful of pride", er, "I am sincerely sorry that I had anything to do with this"; on Aug. 19 he is convicted, and sentenced to 10 years in prison, then after negotiations by Brooklyn atty. James Britt Donovan (1916-70) is exchanged on Feb. 10, 1962 after 17 mo. for English-born German-Russian Soviet spy Col. Rudolf Abel (real name Vilyam Genrikhovich "Willie" Fisher) (1903-71) at the Glienicke Bridge in Potsdam, Germany, after which he works for Lockheed as a test pilot until being laid off in 1970; Powers' survival pack, incl. 7.5K rubles plus jewelry to give women ends up on display with the plane wreck at the Central Museum of the Armed Forces in Moscow, although a small piece of the plane is returned to the U.S.; on his way home Ike visits Lisbon to honor Portugal's 71-y.-o. dictator (since 1931) Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970); did the Military-Industrial Complex stab Ike in the back to kill the summit by feeding U-2 radar secrets to the Soviets through Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) double-agent Lee Harvey Oswald, who worked at Atsugi U-2 Air base in Japan before defecting to the Soviet Union, and is later allowed to return to the U.S. without arrest and then later used as the patsy when the MIC bumps JFK off? On May 2 St. Joseph, Mich.-born "Red Light Bandit" rapist and best-selling author (of "Cell 2455, Death Row") Caryl Whittier Chessman (b. 1921) (convicted of 17 counts of robbery, kidnapping, and rape, but not murder), who was railroaded under the Calif. version of the Little Lindbergh Law (which makes a capital offense out of kidnapping with any kind of "bodily harm", and which was repealed in 1955, after which other death row inmates except him were converted to lifers), is gassed at San Quentin Prison in Calif. after 12 years on death row and mucho worldwide publicity, during which time he became the cause celebre for anti-capital punishment forces, dooming him?; a last-minute stay of execution is ignored since the peach blossom and bitter almond cyanide fumes have already been released - checkmate? On May 6 after being thwarted in her love for divorced older man Capt. Peter Wooldridge Townsend (1914-95) for political reasons back in 1955, British princess Margaret Rose (1930-2002) (youngest sister of Elizabeth II) marries mere bloody commoner (photographer) Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones (1930-2017) in Westminster Abbey, going on to have son David Albert Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley (1961-) and daughter Lady Sarah Frances Elizabeth Chatto (1964-); he is created 1st earl of Snowdon next year; they divorce in 1978. On May 6 Spanish Communist Ramon Mercader (1914-78), murderer of Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) is freed in Mexico, moving to Havana, where he is welcomed as a hero, followed by the Soviet Union next year. On May 7 beetle-browed Leonid Brezhnev (1906-82) becomes pres. of the Soviet Union (until 1963), a job that lets him travel abroad, causing him to develop a notorious taste for Western clothes and boodissy, er, fast cars. On May 8 Roberto F. Chiari (1905-81) of the Liberal Party is elected pres. of Panama (until 1964). Stick it in djerassi jokes here? On May 9 after claiming that it has proved 100% effective in a 4-year test by 1.5K women, the U.S. Food and Drug Admin. (FDA) approves the contraceptive Enovid, AKA the birth control pill, developed by Austrian-born Am. chemist Carl Boodissy, er, Carl Djerassi (1923-) of G.D. Searle & Co. of Chicago, Ill. for U.S. birth control advocate (really negative eugenics, to keep the poor and therefore inferior from outbreeding the good guys?) Margaret Higgins Sanger (1879-1966) and funded by Am. heiress Katharine Dexter McCormick (1875-1967); the cost is only $10-$11 per mo. for 20 pills, and for the first time in history women are liberated to have sex without fear of pregnancy, causing a run on pharmacies by non-Catholics and Catholics alike; by 1961 500K women are using it, and 10M by 1973, unchaining Western poontang bigtime; norethindrone, the key hormone in the pill was synthesized by Djerassi in Mexico City in 1951; the FDA also obtains jurisdiction over color additives, giving provisional approval to substances already in use, incl. Red Dye No. 2, which it rescinds in 1976 after tests link it to cancer. On May 10 after his 4-1 margin over Hubert Humphrey flops to 3-2 against when the Wisc. primary brings up the religion issue, and hostility by Eleanor Roosevelt is countered by mailing 50K letters signed by FDR Jr. that claim Humphrey avoided military service in WWII, John F. Kennedy wins the Dem. primary by 3-2 in supposedly anti-Catholic W. Va., after which Humphrey runs out of money and drops out of the pres. race; Kennedy goes on to win in Md., Ind., and Ore, locking up 550 of 761 delegate votes by June 27. On May 11 $81M 66K-ton 1,035-ft. SS France is launched by Madame Charles de Gaulle, becoming the longest transatlantic passenger liner built until RMS Queen Mary in 2004. On May 11 Israeli Mossad agents led by Peter Zvi Malkin (1927-2005) spectacularly capture Nazi Adolf Otto Eichmann (1906-62) in Buenos Aires, where he had been hiding since 1952 under the alias Ricardo Kliment while working for Mercedes-Benz (kind of a dumb giveaway?) as he steps off a bus in a suburb on his way home from work, and smuggle him to Israel to receive Biblical vengeance; PM David Ben-Gurion announces the nab on May 23; meanwhile the Jewish Documentation Center in Vienna, dir. by Austrian Jewish "Nazi hunter" Simon Wiesenthal (1908-2005) (who hunted down Eichmann) opens, using files shipped to Israel in 1954 to track down 1K+ more Nazi war criminals and get them tried, mostly in West Germany; by mid-1963 there are 5K convictions and a backlog of 644 cases. On May 13 a Swiss-Austrian expedition led by Max Eiselin makes the first ascent of Mt. Dhaulagiri (Sansk. "dhawala" = dazzling white, beautiful) in Nepal, #7 highest mountain on Earth. On May 13 U. of Calif. students are barred from entering a meeting of the House Un-Am. Activities Committee (HUAC) investigating Calif. KPFA/KQED-TV broadcaster William Marx "Bill" Mandel (1917-2016) in San Francisco's city hall, and it turns into a riot, with 12 injured and 52 arrested; on May 14 2K-5K protesters are greeted by the pigs with fire hoses; student protesting is born in San Fran. ("I was a political virgin, but I was raped on the steps of city hall"); to lead counsel Richard Arens' question "Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party?", Mandel utters the immortal soundbyte: "Honorable beaters of children, sadists, uniformed and in plain clothes, distinguished Dixiecrat wearing the clothing of a gentleman, eminent Republican who opposes an accommodation with the one country with which we must live at peace in order for us and all our children to survive. My boy of fifteen left this room a few minutes ago in sound health and not jailed, solely because I asked him to be in here to learn something about the procedures of the United States government and one of its committees. Had he been outside where a son of a friend of mine had his head split by these goons operating under your orders, my boy today might have paid the penalty of permanent injury or a police record for desiring to come here and hear how this committee operates. If you think that I am going to cooperate with this collection of Judases, of men who sit there in violation of the United States Constitution, if you think I will cooperate with you in any way, you are insane!" On May 14 the Kenya African Nat. Union (KANU) is founded in Kenya from a coalition of three other parties to support the Kikuyu and Luo tribes, led by Jomo Kenyatta (1897-1978); meanwhile this year the smaller Kenya African Dem. Union (KADU) is formed as its opposition to support the rival Kalenjin, Maasai, Turkana, and Samburu tribes. On May 15 the Soviet Union launches Sputnik 4 as a precursor of the Vostok spacecraft; on Sept. 5 it crashes in in Manitowoc, Wisc. on N 8th St., becoming a mini tourist attraction; on Nov. 15 the Internat. Assoc. of Machinists embeds a brass ring in the middle of the street to mark it. On May 20 after the police remove Socialist members from the diet, Japan approves a security treaty with the U.S. On May 20 the first annual Viking-throwback Hamefarin fair is held in the Shetland Islands in the U.K. On May 22 (15:11 local time) the 10-min. 9.5 (equal to 1K atomic bombs) Great Chilean (1960 Valdivia) Earthquake off the W coast becomes the largest ever recorded, causing a tsunami that devastates Hilo, Hawaii, killing 2K-6K and causing $400M-$800M in damage. On May 22 the U.S. launches Midas 2, the first infrared spy satellite, followed by CORONA, the first photo spy satellite on Aug. 18; first in a series (ARGON, LANYARD). On May 26 U.N. ambassador (since 1953) Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902-85) accuses the Soviets of hiding a microphone inside a wood carving of the Great Seal of the U.S. that they presented to the U.S. embassy in Moscow. On May 27 after civilian and student protests, a military coup in Turkey overthrows the dem. govt. of pres. (since 1950) Celal Bayar (1883-1986) and PM (since 1950) Adnan Menderes (1899-1961), and installs gen. Cemal Gursel (Gürsel) (1895-1966) as pres. #4 (until Mar. 28, 1966), giving him more absolute powers than Kemal Ataturk, after which he gains public popularity by freeing several prisoners, allowing 14 banned newspapers to resume pub., and forming a learned committee on May 27 to design a new constitution, then going over the top by allowing the banned Turkish-Scottish nat. soccer game to proceed on June 8; Turkey defeats Scotland 4-2 - I bet Idi Amin was disappointed? On May 31 the first gen. elections in the Congo give leftist Patrice Emery Lumumba (1925-61) of the Nat. Congolese Party 35 of 137 seats in the nat. assembly; on June 24 he becomes PM and forms a coalition cabinet, while widespread violence causes white Euros and others to flee the country; in his speech celebrating Congo's independence from Belgium, Lumumba accuses Belgian king Baudouin of presiding over a "regime of injustice, suppression, and exploitation", adding "We are no longer your macaques", referring to a Belgian woman who called him a "sale macaque" (filthy monkey) years earlier; meanwhile Lumumba makes overtures to the Soviet Union, stirring things up. On June 1 the ABC-TV network reaches 100 affiliates. On June 1 the first TV station in New Zealand begins broadcasting in Auckland. On June 1 (Wed.) Gerde's (Gerdes) Folk City in Greenwich Village, N.Y. begins holding weekly hootenannies, featuring folk singers Carolyn Hester (1937-), Logan Eberhardt English (1928-83), Charlie Rothschild (who later becomes Judy Collins' mgr.) et al., becoming one of the top three music venues on Earth along with The Cavern and CBGB, helping launch the careers of Bob Dylan et al. On June 4 the Taiwan island of Quemoy is hit by 500 artillery shells fired from the coast of Communist China. On June 4 (night) the Lake Bodom Murders in Espo, Finland (13 mi. W of Helsinki) sees four teen campers attacked by an assailant with a knife who kills three and wounds the 4th, Nils Wilhelm Gustafsson, after which he ends up a suspect in 2004 and is found not guilty in Oct. 2005. On June 5 Victor Paz Estenssoro is reelected pres. of Bolivia (until 1964), and shows his new reactionary stripes by using the army to suppress leftists, causing his MNR Party to fracture - stop living in the past, comrade? On June 7 JFK wins the Calif. Dem. primary. On June 10 Domino's Pizza is founded in Ypsilanti, Mich. by Thomas Stephen "Tom" Monaghan (1937-) and his brother after acquiring Domi-Nick's Pizzeria; its domino logo shows three dots, representing its first three stores; by 2015 it expands to 10K stores in 70+ countries after becoming the #2 largest pizza chain in the U.S. after Pizza Hut; in 1973 is launches a guarantee of your pizza free if it doesn't arrive within 30 min., reducing it to $3 off in the mid-1980s; in 1998 it is acquired by Bain Capital, who takes it public in 2004. On June 11 U.S. ambassadors Douglas MacArthur II and Jim Hagerty are attacked by a mob of 20K leftists at Tokyo's Haneda Airport, causing Ike (in Manila) to be warned by the Japanese cabinet on June 16 not to attend a planned visit; instead he goes to Formosa on a 125-ship 500-aircraft convoy of the Seventh Fleet, causing Radio Peking to call him a "god of plague" and to shell Quemoy Island while he's close enough to hear it, causing the press to call him the only chief of staff to get an 80K gun salute. On June 15 (midnight) the town of Kopperl, Tex. experiences "Satan's Storm", in which a heat burst from a dying thunderstorm causes superheated air to compress and fall on the town, bursting thermometers at 140F (60C), with wind gusts of up to 75 mph (121 km/hr), popping corn on the stalks. On June 15 violent demonstrations at Tokyo U. in Japan result in 182 arrests and 589 injuries. On June 15 BC Ferries in Victoria, B.C., Canada begins operation, becoming the 2nd largest ferry operator on Earth. On June 16 the XXIII (23rd) amendment to the U.S. Constitution is sent to the states to be ratified by the 86th Congress. On June 19 Freedomland U.S.A. amusement park in Bronx, N.Y. opens, with original music by Jule Styne, billed as "the World's Largest Entertainment Center", and created by Cornelius Vanderbilt Wood (1922-92), who selected the site of Disneyland in Anaheim, Calif.; it has the shape of the U.S, with guests entering at Washington, D.C.; too bad, it closes in 1964 after failing to make a profit and being plagued with mosquitoes and poor access, plus competition from the 1964 New York World's Fair. On June 20 French-speaking cotton-exporting 70% Muslim 25% animist Mali (Bambara "hippopotamus") (formerly French Sudan) (home of the Tuaregs, known for the Sahara Desert in the N, grasslands in the S, and the Niger Valley) becomes independent under the name Sudanese Repub., with capital at Bamako (Bambara "crocodile's back"), and is federated with the French-speaking 95% Sunni Muslim Repub. of Senegal (which also gains its independence on June 20) in the Mali Federation; too bad, on Aug. 20 Senegal secedes from the Mali Federation, with Socialist poet Leopold Sedar (Léopold Sédar) Senghor (1906-2001) as pres. #1 on Sept. 6 (until Dec. 31, 1980), and former PM (since 1957) Mamadou Dia (1910-2009) continuing as PM #1 (until Dec. 18, 1962); on Sept. 22 the Sudanese Repub. changes its name to the Repub. of Mali, with Muslim Socialist PM (since 1959) Modibo Keita (1915-77) becoming pres. #1 (until Nov. 19, 1968), going on to socialize the economy, starting with the creation in Oct. of the govt. monopoly Mali Import-Export Co. (SOMIEX), followed in 1962 by the establishment of the tidings-of-comfort-and-joy-not Malian franc, after which the welfare state hits a brick wall with inflation and shortages, leading to unrest; this doesn't stop him from cultivating good relations with the U.S., meeting with JFK in Sept. 1961 at the same time as Sukarno of Indonesia, and promoting pan-African unity. On June 20 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 5-4 in Flemming v. Nestor that Section 1104 of the 1935 U.S. Social Security Act (in which Congress reserves to itself the power to amend the benefits schedule) is constitutional, as is Section 202 (n), which terminates benefits for an alien deported for membership in the Communist Party, because a payer into the system obtains no property rights thereby, and is only protected by due process, which is satisfied because it's not irrational and arbitrary to think that beneficiaries will spend their payments in the U.S. and increase U.S. purchasing power et al. On June 20 The Bozo Show debuts on WGN-TV in Chicago, Ill. (until July 14, 2001), starring Robert Lewis "Bob" Bell (1922-97) as Bozo the Clown, Ray Rayner (Raymond M. Rahner) (1919-2004) as Oliver O. Oliver from Puff Bluffy, Ky., becoming the most popular and successful locally-produced children's show in TV history; watch. On June 23 Fidel Castro threatens to seize all U.S.-owned property in Cuba to stop "economic aggression", causing Ike on July 6 to cut the Cuban sugar quota by 95% and declare that the U.S. will never permit a regime "dominated by international Communism" to exist in the Western Hemisphere, pissing-off Khrushchev, who threatens on July 9 to use Soviet ICBMs to protect Cuba from U.S. invasion, followed on July 12 by the soundbyte that the 1823 Monroe Doctrine has "died a natural death", causing the U.S. to reaffirm the doctrine on July 14 and accuse the Soviets of trying to set up a rival "Bolshevik Doctrine" to push world Communism. On June 24 Martin Luther King Jr. meets with John F. Kennedy to discuss guess what. On June 24 Joseph Kasavubu (Kasa-Vubu) (1910-69), leader of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) Party is elected pres. #1 of the Repub. of Congo (Leopoldville) (which becomes independent of Belgium), taking office on June 26 (until Nov. 24, 1965). On June 24 Venezuelan pres. (since 1959) Romulo Betancourt surives an assassination attempt in Caracas institgated by Dominican Repub. fascist dictator (since 1930) Rafael Trujillo, who had been pissed-off at him going to the Org. of Am. States to present his case against his regime; too bad, it backfires when Betancourt defiantly appears with badly burned hands on TV, looking like a Raging Bull trailer, and public opinion is inflamed, causing Trujillo's fall next year. On June 25 the first black customer is served at the Woolworth's counter in Greensboro, N.C. - you got everything you need, right, chicken breasts, parsley, onions, and garlic? On June 26 British Somaliland becomes independent from the U.K., and on July 1 is united with Italian Somaliland as the Somali Repub.. On June 26 the Malagasy Repub. (Madagascar) becomes independent. On June 27 Ike returns to Washington, D.C., his personal diplomacy efforts in ruin, uttering the soundbyte "After all, Communists will act like Communists"; the Cold War is back bigtime. On June 30 the Repub. of the Congo (capital Leopoldville) is granted independence from Belgium, with Patrice Lumumba as PM, and Joseph Kasavubu as pres.; on July 11 after the Congolese army mutinies against the remaining Belgian officers, Belgian-appointed Christian anti-Communist pro-Western Moise Kapenda Tshombe (1919-69) leads a Belgian-backed secession in mineral-rich Katanga Province in SE Congo (W of Lake Tanganyika), which is controlled by the Belgian Union Miniere and produces weapons-grade uranium, raising the stakes and bringing in internat. intrigue; on July 14 the U.N. Security Council votes 8-0-3 (France, U.K., China) for Resolution 143, calling on Belgium to withdraw its troops and deciding to send U.N. troops (supported by Ghana, Guinea and India), led by U.N. secy.-gen. Dag Hammarskjold to Katanga to oversee the withdrawal, starting the Congo Crisis (ends Nov. 25, 1965), featuring an anti-colonial struggle, a secessionist war, a U.N. peacekeeping operation, and a Cold War proxy battle between the dueling superpowers U.S. and Soviet Union, who lust for all that uranium ore and other minerals; on Sept. 5 Lumumba appoints Machiavelli-thumping ("one of my favorite books)" journalist (former soldier, and one big mean dude) Joseph Desire (Joseph-Désiré) Mobutu (1930-97) as army chief of staff, who gets pissed-off at the U.N. forces for not helping him crush the secessionists and turns to the Soviet Union, which sends massive military aid incl. 1K technical advisors, causing the U.S. to kick Repub. of the Congo pres. #1 (1960-5) Joseph Kasavubu (1910-69) in the pants, after which he fires the govt. of Patrice Lumumba and has him placed under house arrest, causing Lumumba to declare Kasavubu deposed and call on Mobutu to arrest him instead; on Sept. 14 after consulting his Machiavelli, Mobutu leads a CIA-backed military coup, placing Lumumba under house arrest for a 2nd time, and keeping Kasavubu as pres., then ordering the Soviets to leave, accusing Lumumba of Commie sympathies to gain U.S. support, causing him to flee to Stanleyville, where he is captured on Dec. 1, sent to Katanga, then tortured and assassinated next Jan. 17, causing the U.N. Security Council next Feb. 21 to vote 9-0-0 (France, Soviet Union) to adopt Resolution 161, urging the withdrawal of Belgian and other foreign military and mercenary troops and launching an investigation into Lumumba's death, causing the Soviet Union to seek unsuccessfully to get the office of secy.-gen. replaced by a 3-man troika; meanwhile on Nov. 14 Belgium threatens to leave the U.N. if it doesn't stop criticizing its Congo policy, after which on Nov. 22 the U.N. supports Kasavubu and Mobutu anyway; next Nov. 24 the U.N. Security Council votes 9-0-0 (France, U.K.) to adopt Resolution 169, On June 30 leftist demonstrations in Italy against the crypto-fascist Italian Socialist Movement are bloodily suppressed by police. On June 30 The Washington Post quotes Pres. Eisenhower as saying that Thomas Paine is his 2nd favorite patriot next to George Washington; Pres. Theodore Roosevelt once called TP a "dirty little atheist". On July 1 cocoa-producing Ghana gains its independence from the U.K., with Marxist Kwame Nkrumah (1909-72) as pres. #1 (until Feb. 24, 1966), who gets Mali to join the Union of African States next Apr. while instituting state socialism, only to run up against a brick wall as the welfare state causes inflation and shortages. On July 1 the Soviets shoot down a USAF RB-47 recon plane in the Barents Sea, capturing all six crew and sticking them in horrid Lubyanka Prison in Moscow, then using the incident to put more pressure on Ike over the Gary Powers affair, vetoing a U.S.-sponsored U.N. resolution calling for an impartial investigation - let's make room for big bucks? On July 1 Somalia achieves independence, with Aden Abdullah (Abdulle) "Aden Adde" Osman Daar (1908-2007) as pres. #1 (until June 10, 1967), and Abdi Rashid (Abdirashid) Ali Shermarke (1919-69) as PM #3 (until June 14, 1964), pursuing a neutral non-aligned foreign policy. On July 1 the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Ala. ("Rocket City, USA") is created from the Redstone Arsenal, and dedicated on Sept. 8 by Pres. Ike. On July 4 the 50-star flag makes its debut in Philadelphia as the 50th star is added for Hawaii by Congress (design #27); 17-y.-o. Robert G. "Bob" Heft (1941-) of Saginaw, Mich. designs the 50-Star U.S. Flag for his high school history class - is the Man on the Moon Flag next? On July 4 Uruguay experiences its first heavy snowfall until ?. On July 9 a boat carrying a man (James Honeycutt) and two children capsizes in the Niagara River, and 7-y.o. Roger Woodward (1953-) goes over Niagara Horseshoe Falls and miraculously survives with a slight concussion; the man is killed, and the girl, 17-y.-o. Deanne Woodward is fished out before going over Canadian Falls. On July 11 the Czechoslovak Repub. changes its name to Czechoslovak Socialist Repub. On June 11 a Gallup poll gives Kennedy a 52-48 lead over Nixon, which rises to 55-45 after the Dem. Nat. Convention. The beginning of America's Camelot? On July 11-15 (Mon.-Fri.) the 1960 Dem. Nat. Convention is held at the Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles, Calif.; despite a nominating speech for Adlai E. Stevenson by Minn. Sen. Eugene McCarthy, backed by Eleanor Roosevelt, and more opposition from Sen. Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, on July 13 (167 years after Jean-Paul Marat is stabbed in his bath by Charlotte Corday in 1893) 43-y.-o. Mass. Sen. John F. Kennedy is nominated for pres. on the 1st ballot with 806 votes (youngest pres. candidate and 2nd Catholic pres. candidate in U.S. history after Alfred E. Smith in 1928), giving his New Frontier Acceptance Speech, mentioning a "New Frontier - the frontier of the 1960s - the frontier of unknown opportunities and perils - the frontier of unfulfilled hopes and unfilled threats... It sums up, not what I intend to offer the American people, but what I intend to ask of them"; "Today our concern must be with that future. For the world is changing. The old era is ending. The old ways will not do. Abroad, the balance of power is shifting. New and more terrible weapons are coming into use. One-third of the world may be free, but one-third is the victim of a cruel repression, and the other third is rocked by poverty and hunger and disease. Communist influence has penetrated into Asia, it stands in the Middle East, and now festers some ninety miles off the coast of Florida. Friends have slipped into neutrality and neutrals have slipped into hostility. As our keynoter reminded us, the President who began his career by going to Korea ends it by staying away from Japan"; he ends with "Give me your help and your hand and your voice"; Planned Parenthood founder Margaret Sanger utters the soundbyte that if JFK is elected she will "find another place to live"; despite JFK wanting Mo. Sen. Stuart Symington, less-than-clean Lyndon B. Johnson is nominated for vice-pres. to strengthen the Dem. ticket in the South and "annul him as majority leader" (according to Jackie Kennedy) to prevent him from blocking JFK's agenda; why Johnson accepts a step-down in power to become vice-pres. remains a matter of speculation (unless you subscribe to the conspiracy theory that he waited in the wings at JFK's assassination?) ("I guess he was drunk, wasn't he?" - Jackie Kennedy); LBJ later attacks JFK's father Joseph P. Kennedy (one of the 12 richest men in the U.S., who uses his dough to help his son win every primary) at a press conference, saying "My father never carried an umbrella for Chamberlain", which makes Robert Kennedy forever hate his guts?; Kennedy's campaign theme is that U.S. prestige is slipping and Americans must move ahead; "K-E-Double-N-E-D-Y/ Jack's the nation's favorite guy/ Everyone wants to back Jack/ Jack is on the right track"; 7M new Dem. voters are registered vs. only 3M Repub. voters. On July 18 after Nobosuke Kishi resigns over the adverse leftist reaction to the U.S., pro-Western minister of internat. trade and industry Hayato Ikeda (1899-1965) (whose portrait bears a striking resemblance to U.S. Gen. Colin Luther Powell (1937-)?) is elected as the 9th postwar PM of Japan (until 1964), setting a nat. goal of doubling the GNP in 10 years based on increased public spending while attempting to control interest rates and inflation. On July 20 Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike (1916-2000), widow of slain Sri Lanka Freedom Party leader Solomon Bandaranaike is elected PM of Ceylon (until 1965), taking office on July 21 and becoming the first elected female PM ever. On July 22 the Quiet Rev. begins in Quebec with the coming to office of PM #19 Jean Lesage (1912-80) and his Liberal Party (until June 16, 1966), replacing the late Maurice Duplessis and his "duplessisme", which had held Quebec behind the times in "les annees noires" (the Dark Ages); Michel Brunet's "three dominant components of French Canadian thought" (agriculturalism, anti-statism, and messianism) are rejected in favor of secularist Socialism and nationalism, and Quebec goes from the least to the most taxed province. On July 24 two buses collide on Mount Hiei in Otsu, Shiga, Japan and plunge 270 ft. into a valley, killing 30 and injuring 16. On July 25-28 the 1960 Repub. Nat. Convention in Chicago, Ill. nominates 47-y.-o. vice-pres. Richard M. Nixon (a Quaker) for pres., former Mass. Sen. (1936-44) and U.S. U.N. rep. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. for vice-pres.; Nixon gives his 1960 Acceptance Speech, with the soundbye "Let's first examine what our opponents offered in Los Angeles two weeks ago. They claimed theirs was a new program, but you know what it was? It was simply the same old proposition that a political party should be all things to all men, and nothing more than that. And they... promised everything to everybody, with one exception: they didn't promise to pay the bill"; Nixon's campaign theme is hard-line anti-Communism, free enterprise, and individual responsibiity (and licking the feet of the Military-Industrial Complex?), and Lodge is chosen to divert JFK's resources to his home state of Mass., plus to contrast his U.N. experience with JFK's inexperience, but alienates the South by pledging (without his prior approval) that Nixon will name at least one black to a cabinet post; Ike calls Kennedy "that boy" (a young upstart), but stabs Tricky Dicky Nixon in the back by saying "Dick just isn't presidential timber"; "Come and click with Dick/ The one that none can lick/ He's the man to lead the U.S.A./ So let's all click with Dick" - that's do or don't lick Dick? On July 29 a Gallup poll gives Nixon a 51-49 lead over Kennedy, which rises to 53-47 a week later, but by Aug. is neck-in-neck. On July 29 after freedom of assembly and speech is proclaimed, gen. elections are held in South Korea, and the Dem. Party wins more than two-thirds of the nat. assembly seats; on Aug. 13 liberal Yun Po Sun (1897-1990) is sworn-in as pres. (until 1962); on Aug. 19 U.S.-educated John Myun Chang becomes PM (until 1961). On July 29 a NASA rocket test in Cape Canaveral witnessed by the Mercury astronauts fails to lift off, going up in a fireball. On July 30 60K Buddhist monks march in protest of the pro-Catholic Diem regime in Vietnam. In July the Chamizal Convention to resolve a cent.-long border dispute near El Paso, Tex. caused by the shifting of the path of the Rio Grand River after a flood in 1864 is signed by reps. of the U.S. and Mexico; LBJ signs it next Jan. 4, and in Apr. the U.S. Congress approves it; on Sept. 25, 1964 LBJ and Mexican pres. Adofo Lopez Mateos meet at the Internat. Bridge in El Paso-Ciudad Juarez to officially approve it amid a crowd of 250K. On Aug. 1 after a nat. referendum confirms him as pres. Pakistan dictator Mohammed Ayub Khan declares Rawalpindi to be the new capital, replacing Karachi, and sets up a system of "basic democracies" to administer local affairs, with members elected by constuencies of 800-1K adults. On Aug. 1 Dahomey in W Africa achieves full independence under pres. #1 Coutoucou Hubert Maga (1916-2000) (until Oct. 22, 1963). On Aug. 2 former PM (1952, 1953) (Sunni Muslim) Saeb Salam (1905-2000) becomes PM of Lebanon again (until Oct. 31, 1961), going on to oppose a police state and political interference by the military even after he leaves office, returning as PM on Oct. 13, 1970 (until Apr. 25, 1973). On Aug. 3 French-speaking Niger (pop. 6.5M, 54% Hausa, 24% Songhai and Djerma, 11% Peul; 90% Islam, 10% animist and Christian) proclaims its independence, and PM (since 1958) Hamani Diori (1916-89) becomes pres. #1 (until Apr. 15, 1974), sinking into nepotism and corruption until he is ousted by a military coup. On Aug. 5 Upper Volta (Burkina Faso) declares independence from France, with Maurice Yameogo (Yaméogo) (1921-93) of the Voltaic Dem. Union as pres. #1 (until Jan. 3, 1966), who bans all opposition parties, leading to increasing demonstrations and strikes until the military is forced to intervene and oust him. On Aug. 6 Cuba nationalizes foreign-owned (esp. U.S.) property. On Aug. 6 the appearance of Chubby Checker (Ernest Evans) (1941-) on the Dick Clark Saturday Night Show to perform Let's Do the Twist (a cover of "The Twist" by Hank Ballard) launches the U.S. Twist Craze, giving rock and roll its first signature dance, with just enough suggestion of wild animal sexuality to upset the square grownups; the first Twist record was "The Twist", the B-side of "Teardrops On Your Letter" (1959) by Hank Ballard; the fad actually starts at the Peppermint Lounge, a New York City nightclub located in the Knickerbocker Hotel at 128 West 45th St., where the multiracial group Joey Dee and the Starliters record the million-selling Peppermint Twist (released 1961) and other Twist records. On Aug. 7 Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire) becomes independent from the French Union, with "Papa" Felix Houphouet-Boigny (Houphouët-Boigny) (1905-93) as PM #1 (until Nov. 27), then pres. #1 (until Dec. 7, 1993), enjoying one of the most developed economies in sub-Saharan Africa as the world's largest exporter of cocoa and a leading exporter pineapples, palm oil, and coffee; for the next two decades the Ivorean Miracle sees the GDP grow by 10% a year; too bad, the N is dominated by Muslims, the S by Christians (mostly Roman Catholics), and other areas by non-Muslims (mostly animists) - ivory, fugeddaboutit? He talks to ducks, of course he does? On Aug. 8 Albert Kalonji (1929-2015) proclaims the independence of South Kasai (home of the Baluba) from the Dem. Repub. of Congo, following the example of neighboring Katanga; the capital is at Bakwanga (Mbuji-Mayi); next Apr. 12 he assumes the title of emperor Albert I Kalonji, after which Congolese troops reconquer the region and arrest him on Dec. 30, 1961, then divide the region to discourage another separatist movement; on Sept. 7, 1962 he escapes from prison and sets up a new govt., but is captured again within 1 mo. On Aug. 9 a military coup led by paratroop Capt. Kong Le ousts the pro-Western govt. in Laos, causing the king on Aug. 15 to ask Prince Souvanna Phouma to form a new govt. On Aug. 10 the Canadian Bill of Rights is enacted by the Canadian parliament, attempting to ape the U.S. Bill of Rights without being part of their constitution; after it proves ineffective, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is adopted in 1982. On Aug. 11 no-longer-hanging autonomous French repub. Chad (home of the Bodele Depression, the world's largest dust patch?) achieves independence under Francois (N'Garta) Tombalbaye (1918-75), who becomes the first pres. and PM (until Apr. 13, 1975), ruling as a dictator until the military assassinates him. On Aug. 12 Echo 1, the first balloon communications satellite is launched by the U.S. from Cape Canaveral, and the first 2-way telephone conversation by satellite takes place over it on Aug. 13, after which coast-to-coast U.S. TV transmissions become possible; Am. inventor Gilmore Tilmen Schjeldahl (1913-2002) pastes together the 100-ft. sphere coated with Mylar and vaporized aluminum with his own adhesive. On Aug. 13 David Dacko (1930-2003) proclaims the independence of the Central African Repub. (CAR) from France, with capital at Bangui on the Oubangui River in the S, and on Aug. 14 he becomes pres. #1 (until Jan. 1, 1966), trying to handle 80+ ethnic groups with 80+ different languages, incl. Baya, Banda, Mandjia, and Sara, and a pop. that is 25% Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, and 15% Muslim. On Aug. 15 the Repub. of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) proclaims independence from France, with Roman Catholic priest Abbe Fulbert Youlou ("grape") (1917-72) as pres. #1 (until Aug. 15, 1963), starting out pro-economic liberalism and anti-Communist and degenerating into a 1-party system that imprisons union leaders in Aug. 1963, leading to the Trois Glorieuses Rev. that causes him to resign. On Aug. 16 Britain grants independence to the crown colony of Cyprus under the London-Zurich Agreements, ending 88 years of colonial rule; the British-administered sovereign base areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia are created in the treaty of establishment; Greek Orthodox archbishop Makarios III (1913-77) (who was deported in Mar. 1956) is elected pres. #1 (until 1974), presiding over an enternal war between Greeks and Turks for control. On Aug. 16 American test pilot Joseph W. Kittinger (1928-) makes a parachute jump over N.M. from 102,800 ft. alt. (19.3 mi.) out of a gondola lifted by a 360-ft. helium balloon, the highest alt. ever reached by man in non-powered flight (until ?); his freefall lasts 4 min. 36 sec., and he becomes the first man to exceed the speed of sound without an aircraft or space vehicle since Superman, along with fastest unaided human speed (614 mph). On Aug. 17 Gabon gains independence from France, with capital at Libreville, and next Feb. 12 PM (since 1957) Gabriel Leon Mba (M'ba) (1902-67) (pr. UM-bah) becomes pres. #1 of Gabon (until Nov. 28, 1967); women are granted the right to vote. On Aug. 19 the Soviet Union launches Sputnik 5 (Korabl-Sputnik 2), carrying spacedogs Strelka (Rus. "Little Arrow") and Belka (Russ. "Squirrel"), who return safely to Earth on Aug. 20, along with 40 mice, two rats, and a bunch of plants. On Aug. 22 the Yankee Nuclear Power Station in Rowe, Mass. begins operation, becoming the 3rd nuclear power plant in the U.S. and the first in New England; closed in 1992. On Aug. 24 Ike holds a press conference in which they ask him "What major decisions of your administration has the vice-president participated in?", and he replies "If you give me a week, I might think of one" - cut him off at the pass, I hate that cliche? On Aug. 24 Vostok Station, Antarctica (near the geomagnetic South Pole) sets the world record low temp. at -126.9 F (-88 C). On Aug. 25 the USS Seadragon (SSN-584) surfaces at the North Pole so the crew can play softball - we Yanks is king of da world? On Aug. 25-Sept. 11 the XVII (17th) Summer Olympic Games are held in Rome, Italy in the new Palazzo dello Sport (PalaLottomatica) (opened 1960) and Palazzetto dello Sport (Sports Palace) (opened 1957); 5,338 athletes from 83 nations compete in 150 events in 17 sports; the last appearance for South Africa until 1992; the Soviets win 15 of 16 medals in women's gymnastics; the Japanese men's gymnastics team wins the first of five successive golds (until 1976); future King Constantine II of Greece wins a gold in Dragon Class sailing; former polio patient "La Gazella" Wilma Rudolph (1940-94) becomes the first African-Am. to win three gold medals in a single Olympics (100m, 200m, 4 x 100m relay); barefoot Ethiopian Abebe Bikila (1932-73) wins the marathon, becoming the first black African to win a gold; dominating Herbert James "Herb" Elliott (1938-) of Australia wins the 1500m in 3 min. 35.6 sec.; the 100m men's freestyle swimming race is marred by officials who reverse the automatic timers and award the win to John Devitt (1937-) of Australia over Lance Melvin Larson (1940-) of the U.S., who receives a gold medal for the butterfly leg of the men's 4x100m medley relay along with Frank McKinney (backstroke), Paul Hait (breaststroke), and Jeff Farrell (freestyle), setting a world record of 4:05.4; Armin Hary (1937-) of West Germany (known for rumors of accepting cash under the table to wear Adidas and/or Puma shoes) wins the gold in the 100m with a time of 10.2 sec., becoming the first non-U.S. winner since Percy Williams of Canada in 1928; Rafer Lewis Johnson (1935-) of the U.S. defeats friend-rival "Iron Man of Asia" C.K. Yang (Yang Chuan-kwan) (1933-2007) of Taiwan in the decathlon; on Aug. 26 Danish cyclist Knud Enemark Jensen collapses then dies in the hospital (2nd Olympic athlete death since 1912), and amphetamines are found in his blood; on Sept. 5 6'3" Louisville, Ky.-born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. (1942-2016) (later Muhammad Ali) wins a gold medal in light-heavyweight boxing, and returns to the U.S. to find he's still treated like an N-word, later throwing it in the Ohio River after being refused service at a Louisville diner while wearing it around his neck; he goes 100-5 in his amateur career; the U.S. men's basketball team under U. of Calif. coach (1954-60) Peter Francis "Pete" Newell (1915-2008), incl. Oscar Robertson, Jerry Lucas, Jerry West, and Terry Dischinger wins the gold; Pakistan becomes the first team to defeat India in men's field hockey since 1928 (six golds), winning its first gold - IOC, a family company? On Aug. 29-Sept. 14 Category 5 (160 mph) Hurricane Donna hits the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Fla., ruining the fruit crop, causing $900M in damage and killing 364. In Aug. exiled Cuban politician (PM in 1948-50) Manuel Antonio de Varona y Loredo (1908-92) strikes a deal with Mafia boss Meyer Lansky to back his CIA-sponsored Cuban govt.-in-exile in return for backing the reopening of his gambling empire. On Sept. 1-2 striking workers shut down the Penn. Railroad for the first time. On Sept. 2 Tibetan Democracy Day sees the first elections for parliament held in Tibet. On Sept. 5 Sombo Amba "Joseph" Ileo (1921-94) becomes PM #2 of Congo; on Sept. 20 Albert Ndele (1930-) becomes PM #3 (until Feb. 9, 1961), and Ileo becomes minister of information. On Sept. 6 Uruguay breaks off diplomatic relations with the Dominican Repub., and on Nov. 16 Uruguayan pres. Nardone states that internat. Communism has made Uruguay a base for operations. You won't have any more weak presidents of the GDR to pieck on? On Sept. 7 If-I-were-a-carpenter-and-you-were-a-Commie pres. #1 (since 1949) Wilhelm Pieck (b. 1876) dies, and on Sept. 12 central committee gen. secy. (since July 25, 1950) Walter Ulbricht (1893-1973) becomes first secy. (chmn. of the state council) of the German Dem. Repub. (East Germany) (until Aug. 1, 1973), becoming a despot who resists destalinization; on Sept. 8 wasting no time, Ulbricht announces permanent restrictions on travel by West Germans to East Berlin, requiring a Communist police pass, causing the Allies to cry that the 4-power agreement on Berlin is being violated - the point is that you have to reclaim it at the other window? On Sept. 9 Hardee's fast food restaurant chain is founded in Greenville, N.C. by Wilbert Hardee (1918-2008), becoming known for distinctive "charboiled thickburgers" incl. the Huskee, and hexagonal bldgs. with pointed roofs, even the hamburgers, expanding to 4K locations in the U.S. before being acquired by Imasco in 1981, then contracting to 2K locations by 1997, when it is acquired by Carl's Jr. On Sept. 10 (Sat.) the B&W Western series The Tall Man debuts on NBC-TV for 75 episodes (until Sept. 1, 1962), set in Lincoln, N.M., starring 6'3" Patrick Barry Sullivan (1912-94) as Sheriff Pat Garrett, and William Martin "Clu" Gulager (1928-) as Billy the Kid (William H. Bonney); an episode depicting Garrett killing the Kid is never filmed. On Sept. 11 a West German Panzer battalion begins a 3-week training program in Castlemartin, South Wales; on Sept. 20 journalists get to watch them in action shelling five WWII Churchill tanks. On Sept. 11 Ralph Smart's Danger Man (AKA Secret Agent in the U.S.) debuts on BBC-TV for 86 episodes (until Jan. 12, 1968), starring Patrick Joseph McGoohan (1928-2009) as secret agent John Drake. On Sept. 12 pres. candidate John F. Kennedy addresses the Greater Houston Ministerial Assoc. in Tex., and draws applause when he says that he believes in the complete separation of church and state, and that if he ever felt conflicted he would resign, with the soundbyte: "Because I am a Catholic and no Catholic has ever been elected president, the real issues in this campaign have been obscured, perhaps deliberately, in some quarters less responsible than this. So it is apparently necessary for me to state once again, not what kind of church I believe in for that should be important only to me, but what kind of America I believe in. I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute, where no Catholic prelate would tell the president (should he be a Catholic) how to act and no Protestant minister would tell his parishioners for whom to vote, where no church school is granted any public funds or political preference, and where no man is denied public office merely because his religion differs from the president who might appoint him or the people who might elect him." On Sept. 14 after Pres. Dimwit, er, Dwight Eisenhower forces quotas on Venezuelan oil in favor of Canada and Mexico, claiming military reasons, Venezuelan energy minister Juan Pablo Perez Alfonzo (1903-79) (known for calling oil the Devil's excrement) gets together with Middle Eastern oil countries, and OPEC (Oil Producing and Exporting Countries) is founded in Baghdad, Iraq by Kuwait, Qatar, Iran, and Saudi Arabia (later Abu Dhabi, Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria, and Venezuela); their first action is to force Standard Oil of N.J. to retract its 4-14 cents per barrel decrease of oil prices - why not call it VIKISA? On Sept. 17 (Sat.) (8:30-9:30 p.m.) the detective series Checkmate debuts on CBS-TV for 70 episodes (until Sept. 1, 1962), starring Anthony (Ottavio Gabriel) George (1921-2005) as Don Corey, and Douglas Osborne "Doug" McClure (1935-95) as Jed Sills, who run the Checkmate Inc. detective agency in San Francisco, Calif. at 3330 Union St.; Charles Sebastian Thomas Cabot (1918-77) plays their advisor Dr. Carl Hyatt, who has a pet dachshund named Bismarck; Kenneth E. "Ken" Lynch (1910-90) plays Police Lt. Thomas Brand. On Sept. 18 cigar-puffing Fidel Castro (1926-2016) arrives in New York City and is cheered by thousands; on Sept. 19 he angrily checks out of the Shelbourne Hotel in a dispute with the management, and is offered free lodging at the Hotel Theresa in Harlem, where he is visited by Nehru, Malcolm X, and other dignitaries - these pretty women are just my nieces, isn't my Communist Express card good? On Sept. 18 (Sun.) the drama series National Velvet, based on the 1944 film debuts on NBC-TV for 58 episodes (until Sept. 17, 1962), starring Lori Martin (Dawn Catherine Menzer) (1947-2010) as Velvet Brown, who had her haired dyed black during the competitive auditions (contestant #975) to look more like Elizabeth Taylor, then had her name changed by the studio. On Sept. 18 (Sun.) the sitcom The Tab Hunter Show debuts on NBC-TV for 32 episodes (until Apr. 30, 1961), starring closet gay hunk Tab Hunter (Arthur Andrew Kelm) (1931-) as "Bachelor at Large" comic strip cartoonist Paul Morgan, who gets into amorous hetero adventures around Malibu Beach, Calif.; he gets the part after losing the role of Tony in the 1961 film "West Side Story" to Richard Beymer, and being acquitted by a jury for beating his dog Fritz; too bad, it has to compete with "The Ed Sullivan Show", and doesn't last er, long. On Sept. 19 (Mon.) (10:00 p.m.) the half-hour anthology drama series The Barbara Stanwyck Show debuts on NBC-TV for 36 episodes (until Sept. 11, 1961), starring hostess Barbara Stanwyck (Ruby Catherine Stevens) (1907-90) in all but four episodes in a failed attempt to spin-off a dramatic series about Am. Josephine Little, who runs an import-export shop in Hong Kong. On Sept. 19 six guerrilla bands of U.S.-trained Cuban exiles (one for each province), trained in Ft. Trax, which is housed in a Guatemalan coffee plantation beneath Sierra Madre (owned by Roberto Alejos, brother of the Guatemalan ambassador to the U.S.) are called off from infiltrating Cuba when the futility of taking on 400K troops equipped with 28K tons of Soviet and Chinese military supplies is realized; instead, German-born CIA operative "Frank Bender", real name Gerry Droller (1905-) defies orders to stand down, telling exiled leader Pepe San Roman that the U.S. will back a full exile-led amphibious invasion with U.S. troops, but not informing his superiors. On Sept. 19 Indian PM Pandit Nehru and Pakistani pres. Mohammed Ayub Khan sign an agreement on the joint use of Indus River water. On Sept. 20 14 nations join the U.S.: Cameroon, CAR, Chad, People's Repub. of the Congo (Brazzaville), Dem. Repub. of the Congo (Kinshasa), Cyprus, Dahomey, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Malagasy Repub., Niger, Somalia, Togo, Upper Volta, followed by Mali and Senegal on Sept. 28, and Nigeria on Oct. 7. On Sept. 21 Khrushchev arrives in the U.S. for 25 days to attend a U.N. session, shoe in hand. On Sept. 22 the 15K-ton hospital ship HOPE (Health Opportunities for People Everywhere) (a refitted mothballed U.S. Navy WWII hospital ship) leaves San Francisco for Indonesia to give free medical help; it retires in Sept. 1974 after traveling 250K mi. On Sept. 24 the Internat. Development Assoc. (IDA) in Washington, D.C. is established by the U.S. within the World Bank to make long-term interest-free loans to the poorest developing countries; it goes on to lend $120B to 100+ countries by the end of the cent. On Sept. 24 "The Howdy Doody Show" (begun 1947) ends, with its final episode showing tearful mute Clarabell the Clown, played by "Honey Dreamers" singing group member Lew Anderson (1922-2006) breaking his act to speak the show's final words "Goodbye, kids" - millions of U.S. baby boomers learn a lesson about reality? On Sept. 24 the USS Enterprise, the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is launched. On Sept. 26 candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon (both former WWII naval officers from the Swing Generation) meet in Chicago, Ill. in the First Kennedy-Nixon Debate, the first-ever televised U.S. presidential debate, carried by all three U.S. networks and hosted by Howard K. Smith of CBS-TV; "60 Minutes" creator Donald S. "Don" Hewitt (1922-2009) is exec producer; more debates follow on Oct. 7, Oct. 13 and Oct. 21; 3M out of 4M viewers who are swayed by the debates go with JFK; on Oct. 7 after he refuses makeup, the debate shows unpowdered Nixon sweaty and nervous, causing TV viewers to go for JFK for his cool looks and disposition rather than substance, even though radio listeners go with Nixon, setting the model for future debates; Kennedy's Catholicism causes many Americans to vote on religious lines, even though he claims "I am not the Catholic candidate for president"; Kennedy was coached by future "Bonnie and Clyde" dir. Arthur Hiller Penn (1922-2010) to look directly at the camera and keep his responses brief and pithy; too bad, Kennedy lies during the debates that there is a U.S-Soviet "missile gap", when actually the Soviets have 300 and the U.S. has 6K; he also lies about his intentions about Cuba without actually lying, with the soundbyte: "The Republicans have allowed a Communist dictatorship to flourish eight jet minutes from our borders. We must support anti-Castro fighters. So far these freedom fighters have received no help from our government." On Sept. 26 Fidel Castro gives his longest U.N. speech so far (4 hrs. 29 min.), during which he calls JFK "an illiterate and ignorant millionaire", and utters the immortal soundbyte: "When the philosophy of robbery disappears, then the philosophy of war will disappear" - no need to debate with anybody? On Sept. 27 ABC-TV debuts Bell and Howell Closeup, their first news documentary series in primetime, hosted by John Daly. On Sept. 28 Norway signs an agreement with Britain permitting British trawlers to fish within 6 mi. of their coast for 10 years, after which the limit goes to 12 mi. On Sept. 29 (Thur.) My Three Sons debuts on ABC-TV for 380 episodes (until Aug. 24, 1972) (2nd longest-running sitcom after "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet"), starring Fred Martin MacMurray (1908-91) as a widowed aeronautical engineer, who raises his three sons Tim Considine (1940-) as Michael "Mike" Douglas, Don Grady (Agrati) (1944-) as Robert "Robbie" Douglas, and Stanley Livingston (1950-) as Richard "Chip Douglas, and later adopts Barry Livingston (1953-) as Ernest "Ernie" Thompson; William Clement Frawley (1887-1966) plays grumpy maternal grandfather Bub O'Casey, who is replaced because of bad health in 1965 (when it switches to CBS-TV) by William Demarest (1892-1983), who plays his brother Charley, causing Frawley to become disgruntled. On Sept. 30 the U.N. admits 15 African nations. On Sept. 30 the West German cabinet announces that it will break off trade relations with East Germany effective Jan. 1, 1961 if they don't lift their travel restrictions, but caves in on Dec. 29 and extends the trade pact. On Sept. 30 (Fri.) Hanna-Barbera's animated prime time TV series The Flintstones debuts on ABC-TV (until Apr. 1, 1966), about "modern" working class Stone Age couple Fred and Wilma Flintstone in Bedrock and their friends Barney and Betty Rubble, becoming the most successful animated network series until "The Simpsons" in 1989; later babies Pebbles Flintstone and Bamm-Bamm Rubble make their debut; during the end credits pet saber-toothed cat Baby Puss throws Fred out of the house. On Sept. 30 (Fri.) Sam Peckinpah's highbrow B&W Western series The Westerner debuts on NBC-TV for 13 episodes (until Dec. 30, 1960), starring Brian Keith (1921-97) as drifter cowhand Dave Blassingame, who ditches his dog Brown (Spike of "Old Yeller" fame, trained by Frank Weatherwax) after stealing a lost govt. payroll. In Sept. the Dillon Round of GATT (named after U.S. treasury secy. Douglas Dillon) begins (ends 1962), with 26 countries meeting in Geneva and reducing over $4.9B in tariffs; followed by the Kennedy Round (1964-7). In Sept. U.S. Cuba-based Mafia bosses Salvatore "Sam the Cigar" "Momo" "Mooney" Giancana (Giangana) (1908-75) of Chicago and Santo Trafficante Jr. (1914-87) of Fla. are contacted by CIA go-between Robert Aime Maheu (1917-2008) about assassinating Fidel Castro, and after Giancana suggests it they unsuccessfully try getting poison pills slipped into his food - they hadn't invented Pop Rocks yet? In Sept. JFK meets with NASA chief James Webb, and expresses doubts about the Moon Program. In Sept. Playboy mag. begins carrying the erotic art of Peruvian painter Alberto Vargas (1896-1982), known as Vargas Girls; he stops painting when his wife Anna Mae dies in 1974. In the fall the U.S. creates the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS), which in Dec. issues the first Single Integrated Operations Plan (SIOP), with its own security classification of ESI (Extremely Sensitive Info.), permitting a multi-service plan of nuclear attack on America's foes; the Nat. Target Base (NTB) eventually contains 150K+ sites around the world, of which 16K are targeted for nukes by 1985, dropping to 2.5K in 1995 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. New Law & Order on Shoe Day on N-BBC? On Oct. 1 (Shoe Day Minus Eleven) Nigeria declares independence from Britain, and is admitted to U.N. membership as a loose federation of self-governing states with 250 ethnic and linguistic groups; on Nov. 16 U.S.-educated Igbo gen. Benjamin Nnamdi (Igbo "My father is alive") "Zik" Azikiwe (1904-96) becomes gov.-gen. #3 of Nigeria (first native) (until Oct. 1, 1963), also becoming the first Nigerian on the Queen's privy council, founding the African liberation philosophy of Zikism, with the five principles of spiritual balance, social regeneration, economic determination, mental emancipation, and political resurgence, uttering the soundbyte "The challenge of Nigeria as a free state in 20th century Africa is the need to revive the stature of man in Africa and restore the dignity of man in the world"; Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912-66) (Muslim) (who was knighted in Jan. by Elizabeth II of Britain and awarded an honorary doctorate in May by the U. of Sheffield) becomes PM #1 of Nigeria (until Jan. 15, 1966), going on to lead the protest against the Sharpeville Massacre, enter an alliance with Commonwealth ministers who want South Africa expelled in 1961, and become a founder of the Org. of African Unity (OAU) in 1963. On Oct. 1 (Sat.) The Shari Lewis Show debuts on NBC-TV (until Sept. 28, 1963), replacing "The Howdy Doody Show", starring Bronx, N.Y.-born ventriloquist Shari Lewis (Phyllis Naomi Hurwitz) (1933-98) and her sock puppets Lamb Chop, a 6-y.-o. sheep with a New York accent, Hush Puppy, Charlie Horse, and Wing Ding, a black crow, which she later drops. On Oct. 3 after blaming high inflation on incumbent (since 1956) Juscelino Kubitschek, Sao Paolo gov. (since 1955) Janio da Silva Quadros (1917-92) is elected pres. #25 of Brazil by a landslide, taking office next Jan. 31 (until Aug. 25, 1961), going on to establish relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba, outlaw gambling, and ban women from wearing bikinis; too bad, his Commie alignment turns off the Nat. Dem. Union, which leaves him powerless, and he doesn't last long. On Oct. 4 Eastern Air Lines Flight 375 (Lockheed L-188) crashes on takeoff from Boston Airport in Mass. after it runs into a flock of 10K starlings, killing 62 of 72 aboard - Shakespeare killed them? On Oct. 5 white South Africans vote to make South Africa a whites-only repub. On Oct. 5-13 (Thur.) (the Shoe Series?) the Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) defeat the New York Yankees (AL) 4-3 to win the Fifty-Seventh (57th) World Series when Pirates 2nd baseman Bill "the Glove" Mazeroski (1936-) hits a walk-off homer over the left field wall in the bottom of the 9th inning with the score tied 9-9 at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Penn. for the city's biggest sports moment, becoming the first series-ending homer; Pirates co-owner (since 1946) Bing Crosby (1903-77) can't stand to see the game live, and instead listens to it on the radio in Paris while having the telecast recorded on Kinescope. On Oct. 6 (Thur.) the detective series Surfside 6 debuts on ABC-TV for 74 episodes (until June 25, 1962), starring blonde-blue male sex symbol Troy Donahue (Merle Johnson Jr.) (1936-) as Miami Beach, Fla. P.I. Sandy Winfield II, who works out of his houseboat at Surfside 6, which is berthed next to that of socialite Daphne Dutton, played by blonde-blue Diane McBain (1942-); Madrid, Spain-born Margarita Sierra (Maria Margarita Suarez Sierra) (1936-63) plays entertainer Cha Cha O'Brien, who works at the Boom Boom Room in the Fontainebleau Hotel across the street, and releases the non-charting single "The Cha Cha Twist"; the Surfside 6 Theme by Jerry Livingston and Mack David is a keeper. On Oct. 7 Nikita Khrushchev extends diplomatic recognition to the provisional govt. of the Algerian Repub. (formed 1958). On Oct. 7 (Shoe Day Minus Five) (Fri.) the Hollywood film Spartacus, is released, breaking the Hollywood Blacklist by giving open credit to blacklisted Hollywood Ten (1947) screenwriter Dalton Trumbo (1905-76). On Oct. 7 (Fri.) the half-hour crime drama The Law and Mr. Jones debuts on ABC-TV for 45 episodes (until July 5, 1962), starring James Allen Whitmore Jr. (1921-2009) as former star college athlete atty. Abraham Lincoln Jones, who takes on white collar crime in New York City; on Mar. 3, 1961 the episode "Cold Turkey" features Peter Falk, who gets an Emmy nomination. On Oct. 7 (Fri.) Stirling Silliphant's and Herbert Breiter Leonard's drama Route 66 debuts on CBS-TV for 116 episodes (until Mar. 20, 1964), starring Martin Sam Milner (1931-2015) as recent college grad Tod Stiles, who decides to travel U.S. Route 66 from Chicago, Ill. to Santa Monica, Calif. in his Chevy Corvette with friend Buz Murdock, played by George Maharis (1928-),who is replaced in season 3 by Vietnam vet Lincoln "Linc" Case, played by Glenn Corbett (1933-93); filming ends up covering 25 states plus Toronto, Canada, vs. only eight states on the real Route 66; the ultra-cool Route 66 Theme is by Nelson Riddle. On Oct. 8 the 15-min. Sat. night TV series Make That Spare debuts on ABC-TV (until Sept. 11, 1964), hosted by Johnny Johnston from Paramus, N.J., with two bowlers vying for prizes, incl. a new Ford Mustang for making the Sweepstakes Spare; on Oct. 28, 1961 Don Carter becomes the first to convert a 6-7-8-10 spare, receiving the $19K grand prize, then doing it again four episodes later, winning $8K. On Oct. 9 sultan (since 1911) Khalifa II bin Harub al-Said (b. 1879) dies, and his son Abdullah bin Khalifa al-Said (1910-63) becomes sultan #10 of Zanzibar (until July 1, 1963), facing growing leftist disturbances. On Oct. 9, 1960 after 860 ft. (262m) Vajont (Vaiont) Dam in the Vajont River Valley near Erto e Casso 62 mi. N of Venice N of Monte Toc (begun 1956) is completed, a landslide during initial filling triggers a megatsunami 820 ft. (250m) high, which floods the Piave Valley with 50M cu. m of water, destroying several villages and towns and killing 1.9K-2.5K, after which an investigation revealing that the NE Italy monopoly power co. Societa Adriatica di Elettricita (SADE) covers-up evidence that Monte Tuc was geologically unstable, leading to another 30M cu. ft. landslide, which lowers the water level by 50m, causing an artificial gallery to be built in the basin in front of Monte Tuc; on Apr. and May 1962 after the gallery is completed, more earthquakes occur, which are downplayed by the co., who then fills the reservoir to the max. level, after which on Sept. 15, 1963 after a bunch of denials the entire side of the mountain slid by 8.7 in. (22cm), and in Oct. after the basin is lowered to 790 ft. (240m), it moves almost 1m in one day; no surprise. on Oct. 9, 1963 (10:39 p.m. local time) a 2km-long landslide of 260M cu. m. (9.2B cu. ft.) of earth causes 50M cu. m. (1.8M cu. ft.) of water to spill over the dam, destroying five villages incl. Longarone and killing 1.9K-2.5K, leaving the dam unused while a big govt. investigation points fingers in every direction, after which the govt. tries to promote the industrialization of NE Italy while bungling damage awards. Destiny: Shoes? Shoe Day, 10-12-60 (10/2 x 12 = 60)? On Oct. 12 (Wed.) (Shoe Day) (15th anniv. session) after Soviet PM Shoechev, er, Khrushchev got away with interrupting a speech by British PM Harold Macmillan twice on Sept. 29 by pounding his fists and shouting in Russian (causing Macmillan to ask U.N. Gen. Assembly pres. Frederick Henry Boland (1904-85) of Ireland that he would like a translation), he ramps it up to the next level by waving and pounding his table with his right shoe during a U.N. Gen. Assembly speech by Filipino delegate Lorenzo Sumulong (1905-97), after he said that the Soviet resolution condemning Western imperialism should be viewed with the shoe on the other foot when it comes to their domination of Eastern Europe, uttering the rejoinder "You're a hooligan and stooge of imperalism", causing an adjournment - Bun-dy, Bun-dy? On Oct. 12 a plebiscite in Peru okays the gradual nationalization of oil-production facilities, quieting the radicals who want it done immediately. On Oct. 12 Japanese Socialist Party chmn. Inejiro Asanuma (b. 1898) (known for his controversial support of the Chinese Communist Party) is assassinated with a samurai sword (wakizashi) in the guts by 17-y.-o. right-winger Otoya Yamaguchi (b. 1943) during a televised political debate in Hibiya Hall in Tokyo; on Nov. 2 he hangs himself with a bedsheet after leaving the message "Seven lives for my country, ten thousand years for His Imperial Majesty the Emperor." On Oct. 14 (Shoe Day Plus Two) after the U.S. stops its sugar quota, Cuba nationalizes its banks, sugar industry, and all large commercial and industrial enterprises, causing the U.S. to respond on Oct. 19 with an embargo on Cuba covering all commodities except medical supplies and certain food products (until 2016); Ike sends a note to the Org. of Am. States (OAS) on Oct. 28 charging that Cuba has been receiving substantial arms shipments from the Soviet bloc; too bad, the sugar embargo allows Cuban expatriates led by the Fanjul Brothers to set up shop in Fla. S of Lake Okechobee, depleting the Everglades while setting up a federally-subidized system of sugar price supports greased by baksheesh that continues until ?. On Oct. 14 (Shoe Day Plus Two) U.S. pres. candidate John F. Kennedy first suggests the idea of a Peace Corps to students at the U. of Mich. On Oct. 15 (Sat.) the animated series King Leonardo and His Short Subjects debuts on NBC-TV for 102 episodes (until Sept. 28, 1963), about King Leonardo of Bongo Congo and his asst. skunk Odie O. Cologne; his rival is his maneless beatnik brother Itchy Brother, who works for Biggie Rat with the help of evil German inventor Prof. Messer and Odie's sister Carlotta. On Oct. 19 after first meeting JFK in June, Martin Luther King Jr. is arrested at a sit-in in Atlanta, Ga. for trespassing, and after refusing to post bail he remains in jail as the KKK marches through the streets and JFK and Nixon hold their final TV debate; on Oct. 22 after authorities produce a 5-mo.-o. traffic ticket from a neighboring county, and the charges are dropped and all demonstrators released except him, after which they charge him with violating probation on a 5-mo.-old traffic ticket from a neighboring county and send him to Reidsville State Prison in maximum security for 4 mo. hard labor, causing JFK to ignore objections from RFK and his own campaign mgr. and get an aide to call King's pregant wife Coretta to assure her, after which RFK calls the judge, and he is released on Oct. 27 on a $2K bond, causing King to issue the soundbyte that he is "deeply indebted to Senator Kennedy", causing the JFK campaign to use the episode for traction among black voters, winning 78% of their vote. On Oct. 24 a rocket explodes in the Russian-operated Baikonur (Kazakh "fertile land with brown herbs") Space Center in Kazakhstan on the launchpad during fueling, killing 91. On Oct. 24 emir (since 1948) Sheik Abdullah bin Jassim Al-Thani abdicates in favor of his 2nd son Sheik Ahmad bin Ali bin Abdullah Al-Thani (1917-77), who becomes emir of Qatar (until Feb. 22, 1972), presiding over its independence from Britain in 1971. On Oct. 27 (Shoe Day Plus Fifteen) although the U.S. Appeals Court ruled it not obscene on Mar. 24, the British govt. prosecutes Penguin Books after it prints 200K copies of the 1928 novel Lady Chatterly's Lover to celebrate the 30th anniv. of the death of author D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930); on Nov. 2 after a 6-day trial in which 35 expert witnesses are called for the defense (incl. Dame Rebecca West, E.M. Forster (1884-1915), and Richard Hoggart), defense atty. Charles Rembar (1915-2000) gets the ban on its pub. lifted, and all 200K copies are sold on the first day of pub. (3s 6d each); the case causes the virtual abandonment of censorship of books in the U.K., setting the stage for the sexual rev. of the 1960s; the prosecutor Mervyn Griffiths-Jones loses it when he rhetorically asks the jury "Is it a book you would even wish your wife or your servants to read?" - and the evidence between their legs speaks loud and clear? In Oct. 26 the after using repressive measures to counter leftist-inspired worker unrest fails, making the U.S. nervous, the U.S.-backed bloodless 1960 El Salvador Coup desposes pres. (since 1956) Jose Maria Lemus, and puts a military-civilian junta in charge, led by Lt. Col. Julio Adalberto Rivera (1921-73); Castro-sympathizer univ. prof. Fabio Castillo leads the opposition. On Oct. 28 the Dartmouth Conference(s) are founded at Dartmouth College (until ?), becoming the longest continuous bilateral dialogue between U.S. and Soviet (later Russian) reps. In Oct. after failing to incite civil war to overthrow Fidel Castro via Operation 40, the CIA sponsors the creation of Brigade 2506, consisting 1,511 Cuban exiles who are trained to invade Cuba in the Bay of Pigs Invasion next Apr. On Nov. 2 New York Philharmonic conductor Dimitri Mitropoulos (b. 1896) dies, and is succeeded by (his gay lover?) Leonard Bernstein (1918-90). On Nov. 7 (Mon.) the animated series Mister Magoo debuts on NBC-TV for 130 episodes (until Aug. 28, 1961), starring Jim Backus as nearsighted wealthy short Quincy Magoo, who refuses to admit his sight problem but always lucks out and gets out of every predicament. On Nov. 8 (Tue.) after a campaign marked by slogans such as "Nixon Nixon, he's our man, Kennedy belongs in the trash can" (and vice-versa), the 1960 U.S. Pres. Election sees John F. Kennedy defeat Richard M. Nixon by only 113,057 votes out of 69M cast (34,227,096 to 34,108,546) (303 to 219 electoral votes); Nixon wins Ohio but loses the election, a rarity; vote tampering is suspected, and rightly so, as the Mafia comes through for old man Kennedy in Chicago, Ill., stuffing the ballot box, although Ill. has only 27 electoral votes and Kennedy would win anyway, after which Nixon gamely announces that he will not demand a recount "for the good of the country"; Dem. Va. Sen. Harry F. Byrd J. wins 15 electoral votes; Kennedy becomes the 3rd person since Harding and Garfield to move directly from the Congress to the White House; he appoints Adlai E. Stevenson as the new U.S. ambassador to the U.N.; after the election, at Ike's suggestion the Joint Senate-House Repub. Leadership policy-making group is formed, holding weekly meetings followed by a press conference to give the Repub. side to issues, starring Sen. minority leader, Ill. Sen. (1951-61) Everett McKinley Dirksen (1896-1969) and House minority leader (1959-64), Ind. Rep. (1935-69) Charles Abraham Halleck (1900-86), who become the faces of the Repub. Party until Richard Nixon becomes pres. in 1969. On Nov. 11 the 1960 South Vietnamese Coup Attempt by a paratroop brigade in Saigon, led by Lt. Col. Vuong Van Dong traps pres. Ngo Dinh Diem in the Independence Palace, after which he stalls them until his own forces have time to arrive and quash them on Nov. 12 (400 casualties on both sides), causing the leaders to flee to Cambodia, after which Diem orders a crackdown, imprisoning former cabinet ministers and critics, and condemning the plotters in absentia to death; after murdering 1.2K of his own govt. officials last year, only to see the Commies keep coming, Diem assumes dictatorial powers to combat them, causing them on Dec. 20 to secretly form the Nat. Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF), made up from over a dozen different political and religious groups, led by non-Marxist atty. Hua Tho; they announce the 10-Point Program of the NLF, incl. a new regime that "represents all social classes and religions", and the big kicker, free land redistribution to peasants, which causes many peasants to support them; early next year the People's Liberation Armed Forces (PLAF) AKA the Viet Cong (VC) are created as the military arm of the NLF by the North Vietnamese; meanwhile after a power struggle, aging North Vietnamese Communist leader Ho Chi Minh ("He Who Enlightens") (1890-1969) (real name Nguyen Singh Cung et al.) becomes a figurehead pres., and Le Duan (1907-86) becomes the real boss, masterminding the Vietnam War. On Nov. 13 a movie theater fire in Amude, Syria kills 152 children. On Nov. 13 Harlem, N.Y.-born black entertainer Samuel George "Sammy" Davis Jr. (1925-90) (who lost his left eye in an automobile accident on Nov. 19, 1954 in San Bernardino, Calif. during a trip from Las Vegas to Los Angeles, and converted to Judaism after Eddie Cantor introduced him to it in the hospital) shocks white racists sheetless by marrying blonde Swedish actress May Britt (Maybritt Wilkens) (1933-) (star of The Young Lions" with Marlon Brando and "Murder Inc." with Peter Falk), who retires to manufacture mulattoes after converting to Judaism to get married to him; after having one daughter they divorce in 1968 after she catches him hooking up with dancer Lola Falana, and she returns to acting - welcome to the 1960s? On Nov. 14 two trains collide in Pardubice, Czech., killing 117 and injuring 106. On Nov. 14 Pres. Eisenhower orders U.S. naval units into the Caribbean after Nicaragua and Guatemala charge Castro with starting uprisings, which are suppressed by CIA-trained Cuban exiles while U.S. warships wait off the coast. On Nov. 14 New Orleans, La., the Crescent City integrates two all-white schools as 6-y.-o. black student Ruby Bridges (1954-) enters Franz Elementary (in a racially-mixed neighborhood) flanked by four federal marshals before a phalanx of angry white racists. On Nov. 140 after the 1957 U.S. Civil Rights Act allows blacks to register in Tuskegee, Ala., reaching the point of outnumbering white voters, causing the legislature to enact Local Law 140 creating a 28-sided city boundary that excludes almost all the blacks, the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules unanimously in Gomillion v. Lightfoot that an electoral district cannot be gerrymandered to disenfranchise blacks because of the 15th Amendment. On Nov. 15 the first sub with Polaris nuclear-tipped missiles, the USS George Washington takes to sea from Charleston, S.C., and test-launches a Polaris missile; on Dec. 16 U.S. state secy. (1959-61) Christian Archibald Herter Sr. (1895-1966) (whose portrait bears a striking resemblance to Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (1947-)?) says that the U.S. will commit five atomic subs and 80 Polaris missiles to NATO by the end of 1963. On Nov. 15 the CIA gives a briefing to JFK on the planned invasion of Cuba, telling him that the invasion force is too small to work, although it gives him plausible deniability. On Nov. 28 Are You Lonesome Tonight by Elvis Presley peaks at #1 on the pop singles chart, and stays there for 6 weeks. On Nov. 28 Mauritania becomes independent from France over the opposition of its N neighbor Morocco (which claims it), and is admitted to the U.N. next year after its admission is voted by the Soviet Union on Dec. 4; Moktar Ould Daddah (1924-2003) becomes PM #1 (until July 10, 1978), ruling a motley crew of Moors, Arabs, Berbers, and African blacks, mainly nomadic, with only 5% living in urban centers. In Nov. NBC pres. (1953-55) Sylvester Laflin "Pat" Weaver Jr. (1908-2002) (father of Sigourney Weaver) utters the soundbyte in The Denver Post: "Television has gone from about a dozen forms to just two - news shows and the Hollywood stories. The blame lies in the management of NBC, CBS and ABC. Management doesn't give the people what they deserve. I don't see any hope in the system as it is." On Dec. 1 Am. "Dream lovers", box office star Sandra Dee (Alexandra Zuck) (1942-2005) and ultracool pop singer Bobby Darin (Walden Robert Cassotto) (1936-73) get very publicly married at the home of music publisher Don Kirshner in Camden, N.J. after meeting on his first film Come September (1961) in Italy and eloping; they have one son, Dodd, in 1961, and divorce in 1967 - Dodd Dee Darin? On Dec. 2 Pres. Eisenhower authorizes $1M for resettlement and relief of Cuban refugees, who are arriving in Fla. at the rate of 1K a week; meanwhile Castro's regime begins rounding up tens of thousands of Cuban youths for "delinquency", which is defined as wearing long hair, listening to rock music, or being religious, Jewish, or gay, and herding them into Guanahacabibes Work Camp in W Cuba, set up by the end of this year by Che Guevara; 90% of Cuba's Jews flee the country. On Dec. 2 Canterbury archbishop (1945-61) Geoffrey Francis Fisher, Baron Fisher of Lambeth (1887-1972) becomes the first head of the Anglican Church to visit the pope, spending an hour with modernist Pope John XXIII in the Vatican. On Dec. 5 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Boynton v. Va. that segregation in public transit is illegal because it violates the U.S. Interstate Commerce Act, extending the ruling in Morgan v. Va. (1946) to bus terminals used in interstate bus service, leading to the creation of the Freedom Riders next year to test it; Justice Hugo Black writes the majority opinion. On Dec. 9 Charles de Gaulle visits Algeria, sparking bloody French and African Muslim riots in large cities that kill 127. The war of the three princes in landlocked Laos? On Dec. 9 the Laotian govt. of PM Prince Souvanna Phouma flees to Cambodia as the capital city Vientiane is taken by Gen. Phoumi Nosavan, who controls the bulk of the royal army, and on Dec. 16 after defeating Capt. Kong Le he sets up a pro-Western rightist govt. in the S headed by Prince Boun Oum Nachampassack (1912-80), causing the U.S. to resume arms shipments; Kong Le joins the Pathet Lao, and the Soviet bloc supports Phouma. On Dec. 9 the soap opera Coronation Street (AKA Corrie) debuts on BBC-TV, becoming such a hit that it seemingly runs forever (until ?); episode #7,000 is broadcast on Jan. 28, 2009. On Dec. 12 the U.S. Supreme Court upholds a lower federal court ruling that the segregation laws in lovely La. are unconstitutional. On Dec. 13 while Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie I is away visiting Brazil, his imperial bodyguard revolts, proclaiming his son crown prince Asfaw Wossen Taffari as emperor Amha Selassie (1916-97); the revolt is quashed on Dec. 17 after he returns, and daddy absolves his son of guilt, after which he is proclaimed again on Sept. 12, 1974 after his daddy is deposed, ending up in exile, and proclaimed yet again on Apr. 8, 1989. On Dec. 13 U.S. Navy Cmdr. Leroy Heath and Lt. Larry Monroe establish a record alt. of 91,450.8 ft. (27,874.2m) in an A3J-1 Vigilante carrying a 1kg payload, beating the previous record by 4 mi. On Dec. 13-14 a U.S. B-52 bomber piloted by USAF Lt. Col. J.R. Grisson sets a 10,078.84 mi. (19 hours, 44 min.) nonstop record without refueling at Edwards AFB, Calif.; the previous (1947) record was only 8,854.308 mi.; on Jan. 10-11, 1962 the record is raised to 12,532.28 mi. On Dec. 14 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1514, titled "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples" is adopted 89-0-9 (Australia, Belgium, Dominican Repub., France, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, U.K., U.S.), providing for the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples; on Dec. 15, 1960 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1541 affirms that complete compliance with the principle of self-determination is required to ensure decolonisation. On Dec. 14 Patrice Lumumba's deputy Antoine Gizenga (1925-) proclaims himself PM of the Dem. Repub. of Congo in Stanleyville, and his govt. is recognized by 21 countries in Feb., going on to lead his rebel govt. after his assassination until the Congo Crisis ends in Nov. 1965, after which he is exiled until 1992. On Dec. 15 Belgian king (since 1951) Baudouin I (1930-93) marries Dona Fabiola Fernanda Maria de las Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragon (1928-), who becomes Queen Fabiola; her wedding dress is designed by Cristobal Balenciaga; they have no children, making his brother Prince Albert (1934-) heir to the throne - is Liege still on the Meuse? On Dec. 16 128 passengers and crew people are killed, plus 6 on the ground when a United Air Lines DC-8 (coming from Chicago, Ill.) and a TWA Super Constellation (coming from Dayton, Ohio) collide over New York City in the fog, crashing in two different boroughs; 11-y.-o. Stephen Baltz survives but later dies; Sir Edmund Hillary was to have flown in the United jet but misses his flight in Chicago; 15 years later his wife dies in an air crash near Mt. Everest. On Dec. 19 a fire on the USS Constellation (largest U.S. aircraft carrier) while under construction at New York Naval Shipyard in Brooklyn kills 50 and injures 150. On Dec. 20 Discoverer XIX is launched into polar orbit from Vandenburg AFB, Calif. to spy on, er, measure radiation. On Dec. 21 the Peruvian govt. announces that it has proof that the Cuban embassy had been giving support to Communists, causing it to sever diplomatic relations on Dec. 30. On Dec. 27 France explodes its 3rd nuke at its atomic proving grounds in Reggane, Algeria. On Dec. 27 after they open for "Little Miss Dynamite" Brenda Lee (Brenda Mae Tarpley) (1944-), the Beatles perform in Liverpool, and are so much improved after a lengthy residence in Germany that the hometown audience goes ape, launching Beatlemania? On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 615.89, down from 679.36 a year ago. In Dec. JFK's special counsel (former legal advisor to his dad Joseph P. Kennedy) James McCauley Landis (1899-1964) pub. the Landis Report on Regulatory Agencies, recommending federal regulatory reforms incl. stronger chmns. and streamlined procedures, which the Kennedy admin. later adopts. Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (1893-1979) becomes pres. of Ecuador for the 4th time (until 1961). Ahmed (Ahmad) Ben Salah (1926-) becomes secy. of state for planning and finance in Sudan, in charge of switching the economy to central planning. West Germany bans neo-Nazi political groups - what's on your arm band? The Soviet Union proposes the Troika Plan of three U.N. secy.-gens. British Virgin Islands becomes a separate colony, becoming autonomous in 1967. Bauxite deposits are discovered in Guinea in W Africa. WWII war-torn Kiev, Ukraine is finally rebuilt. Washington, D.C. becomes the first U.S. city with a black majority (54%) (35% in 1950). Indonesia begins a 10-year campaign to eradicate malaria, which kills 120K per year, backed by WHO equipment funded by the U.S. to drain swamps and spray houses with DDT; by 1964 Java is almost malaria-free. Student protests in San Francisco against the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) kick-off the student protest movement of the sixties. The U.S. Heavy Electrical Equipment Scandal sees Gen. Electric, Westinghouse, Allis-Chalmers, and 26 other cos. indicted for violating the 1890 U.S. Sherman Act in the sale of $1.75B of equipment a year, becoming the largest conspiracy in its history; the courts eventually fine them $1.92M and hand out seven prison sentences plus 24 suspended sentences. Am. white segregationist leader Leander Henry Perez Sr. (1891-1969) speaks at a rally in New Orleans, La., uttering the soundbyte: "Don't wait for your daughter to be raped by these Congolese. Don't wait until the burrheads are forced into your schools. Do something about it now", causing 2K segregationists to assault the school admin. bldg., then attack blacks in the streets; on Apr. 16, 1962 after he fights the archdiocese of New Orleans which supports desegration of the parochial school system, he is excommunicated, causing him to claim that the Church is "being used as a front for clever Jews", and announcing his own church called the Perezbyteians; he reconciles with the Church before his death, but not blacks. Belgian economist Robert Triffin (1911-93) (U.S. citizen in 1942-77) testifies before the U.S. Congress, exposing serious flaws in the Bretton Woods system as the U.S. pledge to convert dollars into gold that it can't honor causes a dollar glut outside the U.S., resulting in large U.S. deficits that will eventually erode both liquidity and confidence in the U.S. dollar, which becomes known as the Triffin Dilemma (Paradox), which is resolved with the 1971 Nixon Shock. Am. Communist folk singer Peter "Pete" Seeger (1919-2014), who was indicted for contempt of Congress on July 26, 1957 for refusing to testify to the House Un-Am. Activities Committee (HUAC) is barred by the school board of San Diego, Calif. from performing at a high school unless he signs an oath that he won't promote a Communist agenda or attempt to overthrow the govt., and after he refuses, the ACLU obtains an injunction forcing the concert to be held; they finally apologize in Feb. 2009 after he finally officially quits the Communist Party USA, with the soundbyte: "I should have asked to see the gulags when I was in the U.S.S.R. [in 1965]", and writes Big Joe Blues condemning Stalin, also uttering the soundbyte: "I certainly should apologize for saying that Stalin was a hard driver rather than a very cruel leader"; meanwhile he utters the soundbytes: "Some may find [my songs] merely diverting melodies. Others may find them incitements to Red revolution. And who will say if either or both is wrong? Not I", and "I like to say I'm more conservative than Goldwater. He just wanted to turn the clock back to when there was no income tax. I want to turn the clock back to when people lived in small villages and took care of each other", and "I still call myself a Communist, because Communism is no more what Russia made of it than Christianity is what the churches make of it." The Am. Heart Assoc. issues a Report on Cigarette Smoking and Cardiovascular Diseases, attributing higher death rates among middle-aged men to heavy cigarette smoking. English pacifist philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) et al. found the London Committee of 100 militant anti-war splinter group after splitting from the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, advocating massive demonstrations of nonviolent civil disobedience, going on to stage a 5K-person sit-down demonstration next Feb. 18 in Whitehall, London against the Ministry of Defence. Early in this decade the Fourth Great Awakening begins in the U.S. (ends 1980), seeing mainline Protestant denominations weakening sharply, while the most conservative denominations incl. the Southern Baptists and Missouri Synod Lutherans and evangelical and fundamentalists expand; meanwhile all battle a rise in secularism incl. abortion and gay rights, fighting back with Creationism et al., led by the Southern Baptist Conservative Resurgence. In this decade the U.S. Indian Health Service begins forced sterilization of Native Am. women, reaching the thousands by the next decade. In this decade the tiny Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan between India and Tibet finally tries to catch up, with its first roads, written language, money, and communications systems. Early in this decade the Suite 8F Group (Crowd) of powerful conservative Dems. begins meeting in the Lamar Hotel in Houston, Tex., forming the power center of the South for right-wing politicians and businessmen; members incl. LBJ and John Connally; if there was a conspiracy to kill JFK they had to be involved up to their necks? In this decade the term "gyrene" is coined for a member of the U.S. Marine Corps - shouldn't that be jarhead? In this decade the Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem (SMOTJ) is founded under the umbrella of the Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani, which was formally recognized by Napoleon in 1805; by 2010 it reaches 5K members, 1.5K from the U.S., which has 33 priories from Ariz. to Wisc. In this decade Ecological Anthropology is founded as a response to cultural ecology. In this decade Surfing becomes a craze in Calif., and evolves into the first Baby Boomer subculture - sex, drugs, and rock & roll on the beach? In this decade Am. curly-haired blacks begin wearing big bushy Afros (natural) hairdos; popularity wanes by the early 1980s. In this decade Second-Wave Feminism begins in the U.S., tackling a broad range of issues incl. sexuality, the family, the workplace, and legal and de facto inequalities, petering out by the mid-1980s after spreading to Europe, Asia, Turkey, and Israel. In this decade the Jane and Finch neighborhood of NE Toronto, Canada is developed as a model suburb; too bad, it is opened to immigrants from around the world, causing it to degenerate into a gang-ridden poverty-stricken hellhole; in 2008 a campaign to rename it University Heights fails. In this decade the your-own-personal-Jesus New Journalism movement in the U.S. (ends 1980?), led by Thomas Kennerly "Tom" Wolfe Jr. (1930-2018), Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Terry Southern (1924-95), Gay Talese (1932-), Robert Christgau (1942-), George Plimpton (1927-2003), Truman Capote (1924-84), Hunter S. Thompson (1937-2005), Joan Didion (1934-2021), P.J. O'Rourke (1947-) et al. brings a literary slant to journalism, blurring the line with fiction, telling stories via scenes, with conversational speech, first person POV, and everyday details, causing it to end up relegated to mags. instead of newspapers, esp. "The New Yorker" and "Esquire", where Terry Southern kicks it off with Twirlin' At Ole Miss in Feb. 1963; Wolfe predicts it will "wipe out the novel as literature's main event". The Ska Era of music begins in Jamaica (ends 1966). Russian pianist Sviatoslav Richter (1915-97), who defied the Soviet authorities by performing at the funeral of Boris Pasternak (died May 30) debuts in the U.S. in Chicago, Ill. playing Johannes Brahms' Second Piano Concerto to rave reviews, tough critic Claudia Cassidy calling it "the performance of a lifetime"; he goes on to perform in the U.S. and Europe, then swears off the U.S. in 1970 after an anti-Soviet protest in New York City. In this decade Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1927-) of Colombia et al. start a lit. boom in Latin Am. In this decade U.S. network TV evening programming reacts to the 1958 TV Quiz Show Scandal by going Western, with eight Westerns on CBS, nine on NBC, and eleven on ABC, for a total of 24.5 hours of prime time every week - how do you say in French? In this decade French intellectuals begin ditching Existentialism for Structuralism, founded by Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), who uses the science of signs to claim that human consciousness is dependent on objective rational structures mirrored in the laws of language syntax, and embraced by anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009) and lit. critic Roland Barthes (1915-80); too bad, after the near rev. of 1968, Post-Structuralism and Deconstructionism, developed by Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) and Paul-Michel Foucault (1926-84) picks Structuralism apart and brings back good ole 20th cent. relativism. The journal Mankind Quarterly is founded by the Internat. Assoc. for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics in Edinburgh, Scotland and funded by Am. white supremacists incl. the Pioneer Fund, with the goal of fighting the 1950 UNESCO declaration against scientific racism. New Am. Cinema is founded by independent filmmakers Jonas Mekas (1922-), Lionel Rogosin (1924-2000) et al.; this year Rogosin founds the Bleecker Street Cinema in Greenwich Village in New York City, which becomes a popular art house nurturing dirs. Francis Ford Coppola, Milos Forman et al.; in 1964 Mekas founds the Film-Makers' Cooperative to produce and display avant-garde films. In this decade the Brill Bldg. Era of (mainly Jewish) pop music composers working out of the Brill Bldg. (built 1930) at 1619 Broadway in the former Tin Pan Alley section of Manhattan, N.Y. spawns songwriting teams incl. Burt Bacharach (1928-) and Hal David (1921-2012) ("Walk On By", "Anyone Who Had a Heart"), Carole King (1942-) and Gerry Goffin (1939-) ("Up On the Roof", "Will You Love Me Tomorrow"), Barry Mann (1939-) and Cynthia Weil (1940-) ("On Broadway"), Jerome "Jerry" Leiber (1933-2011) and Michael "Mike" Stoller (1933-) ("West Side Story"), Doc Pomus (1925-91) and Mort Shuman (1936-91) ("Save the Last Dance for Me", "This Magic Moment"), Neil Sedaka (1939-) and Howard Greenfield (1936-86) (Breaking Up Is Hard to Do", "Rainy Jane", "Workin' on a Groovy Thing", "Everybody's Somebody's Fool"), and Jeff Barry (1938-) and Ellie Greenwich (1940-) ("Chapel of Love", "Leader of the Pack"), producing a string of hits that emphasize the writers, producers and arrangers more than the singers, until do-it-all groups like the Beatles change the rules by the middle of the decade; meanwhile Motown Records (AKA Tamla Motown) (founded 1959) is incorporated in Detroit ("Motor Town"), Mich. by former feathwerweight boxer and failed record store owner Berry Gordy Jr. (1929-), going on to crank out R&B and soul records known as "the Motown Sound", injecting a steady stream of color into mainstream U.S. music; the studio is called Hitsville. After graduating near the top of his class at Yale Law school in 1955 then failing the New York bar exam, throwing him into a tailsin until he became a born-again Christian, Lexington, Va.-born fundamentalist Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (1930-), son of Va. Dem. Sen. (1946-66) Absalom Willis Robertson (1887-1971) begins his TV evangelist career in Portsmouth, Va., founding Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), then getting ordained as a Southern Baptist minister next year, going on to associate with the Charismatic movement and become a staunch Repub.; on Apr. 1, 1966 he launches The 700 Club on CBN. British ethologist Jane Goodall (1934-) is sent by anthropologist Louis Leakey to begin her 40-year study of chimpanzees in the Gombe reserve of Tanganyika (Tanzania). Hanna Barbera's Huckleberry Hound becomes the first TV cartoon to win an Emmy. By this year the Tibetan practice of disposing of the dead by strewing the hacked-up remains on a hill for feeding to the birds ends. The JASON Group (named after Greek mythological figure Jason by Mildred Goldberger, wife of member Murph Goldberger to replace the lame name Project Sunrise) of independent elite scientists is founded by John Wheeler and Charles H. Townes of MITRE Corp. to advise the U.S. govt. on science and technological matters of a sensitive (classified) nature, growing to 30-60 members and pioneering the Vietnam war's McNamara Line of electronic barriers along with early work on global warming science and acid rain; members incl. Nobel Prize winners Luis Walter Alvarez, Val Fitch, Murray Gell-Mann, Donald Glaser, Henry Way Kendall, and Steven Weinberg; chairmen incl. Marvin Leonard Goldberger (1960-66), Harold Lewis (1966-73), William Happer (1987-90), Curtis Callan (1990-5), Gerald Joyce (2011-14), and Russell J. Hemley (2014-). During this decade paper mill strikes rock Scissors, er, Sweden. Norman Chandler dies, and his blond Calif. beach boy son Otis Chandler (1927-2006) becomes pub. of the Los Angeles Times, turning it from a narrow conservative rag to one of the nation's most influential newspapers at the political center; on Mar. 5, 1961 he angers conservatives by pub. a series critiquing the John Birch Society, which gets it investigated by the U.S. Senate next year. Vienna-born creative guy Manfred E. Clynes (1925-) and Am. psychiatrist Nathan Schellenberg Kline (1916-83) coin the word "cyborg" from "cybernetic organism". Churchill College at Cambridge U. is founded. The U. of Novi Sad in Yugoslavia is founded. The Nat. Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is founded in the foothills of beautiful Boulder, Colo. by West Bridgewater, Mass.-born physicist-astronomer Walter Orr Roberts (1915-90), who becomes dir. #1 (until 1968), backing anthropogenic climate change and pub. The Climate Mandate in 1979 with Henry Lansford, which results in Greenhouse Glasnost being discussed at the 1989 Sundance Symposium on Global Climate Change. Archbishop Fisher of Canterbury visits Jerusalem, Istanbul and Rome - the grand tour complete, retirement is not an option? Three women are admitted to the ministry of the Swedish Lutheran Church. Hellen Keller (b. 1880) dedicates a statue in her alma mater Radcliffe with a speech that begins with her famous first word "water". What is that about statistics being worse than damned lies? Am. economist Stanley Reiter (1925-) coins the term "cliometrics" after Clio, muse of history to refer to the systematic application of economics and econometrics to the study of history; Cambridge, Mass.-born economist Douglass Cecil North (1920-) and Columbus, Ohio-born economist William N. Parker (1919-2000) become the eds. of the Journal of Economic History (founded 1941), turning it on to Cliometrics; the Internat. Economic History Assoc. (IEHA) is founded; in 1983 the allied Cliometric Society is founded at the U. of Wisc., annually awarding the Clio Can. New Wave Science Fiction is launched (ends 1980), eschewing the hard science of pulp sci-fi in favor of soft sci-fi, experimentation, and lit. and artistic sensibility. Indian guru Hans Ji Maharaj (1900-66) founds the ever-happy Divine Light Mission in N India, gaining 6M followers by the end of the decade, plus a few in Britain and the U.S., allowing his son Guru Maharaj Ji (1957-) to fly in and clean up in the 1970s. N.J.-born Hom Jay Dinshah (1933-2000) founds the Am. Vegan Society. French poet Raymond Queneau (1903-76) founds Oulipo (Ouvroir de littérature potentielle) (Fr. "workshop of potential literature"). After hearing that Chinese Commies proselytize via small comic books, Los Angeles, Calif.-born fundamentalist premillennial dispensationalist Independent Baptist cartoonist Jack Thomas Chick (1924-2016) begins issuing Chick tracts to evangelize for Jesus, incorporating as Chick Pubs. in 1970 in Rancho Coo-Coo, er, Cucamonga, Calif. in 1970 and hiring artist Fred Carter in 1972 then releasing 23 full-color issues in 1974-85, going on to be heavily criticized for folding in anti-Catholic, anti-Darwinist, and anti-gay messages, and for claiming Satanic influence behind various Jewish, er, non-fundamentalist Christian conspiracies incl. Islam, Freemasonry, and Halloween, which doesn't stop him from selling 750M+ in 100 languages. The leftist Nueva Cancion (New Song) movement in the Southern Cone of South Am. is founded in this decade by French-Quechuan Argentine singer Mercedes "La Negra" Sosa (1935-2009) et al., working for social justice until ?; hits incl. Solo le Pido a Dios (I Pray Only to God), Gracias a La Vida (Thanks to Life). Arhoolie Records is founded in Calif. by German-born Christopher Alexander Maria "Chris" Strachwitz (1931-) to pub. obscure "down home blues" artists incl. Lightnin' Hopkins, Snooks Eaglin, and Bill Gaither. Narcissistic Harvard-educated Am. writer Norman Kingsley Mailer (1923-2007), known for drunken fistfights stabs his 2nd wife (since 1954) Adele Morales at a party with a penknife, endearing him to women's libbers not; in 1997 she pub. the memoir The Last Party; meanwhile Norm takes a 3rd stab at marriage (1962-3), British heiress-journalist Lady Jeanne Campbell (1929-2007), granddaughter of newspaper mogul Max Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook (1879-1964), then takes a stab at marriage with model-actress Beverly Bentley (1963), then Carol Stevens (1980) (lasts one day), finally model-writer Barbara Davis (AKA Norris Church) (1980). The Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1623 Vine St. is begun for big stars, with the honorary mayor of Hollywood overseeing ceremonies; it ends up taking 18 city blocks. Calif. orders smog control devices to be put on cars. Harley-Davidson begins marketing the Vespa-clone Topper scooter. U.S. car makers begin to introduce cruddy underpowered unsafe small cars such as the Ford Falcon and the Chevrolet Corvair - of course a lot of brilliant engineering went into making the interior really nice? Maxwell House becomes the first coffee brand to be packaged in glass jars. Chatty Cathy Dolls are first marketed by Mattel (until 1966), able to speak 11 different phrases. The Game of Life by Milton Bradley Co. (originally created in 1860) hits the market, complete with $100K bills featuring the face of Art Linkletter. The working class erotic Playboy Bunny Outfit makes its appearance at Playboy Clubs, featuring bunny ears, collar, cuffs, corset and cottontail, becoming the first service uniform to receive a patent (U.S. patent #762,884); Playboy Bunnies incl. Gloria Steinem (undercover to do research), Lauren Hutton, Sherilyn Fenn, and Debbie Harry. Mary Martin performs Peter Pan on live TV for the last time, with skinny Cyril Ritchard as Capt. Hook. The Porter Wagoner Show debuts on syndicated TV for 280 episodes (until 1981), reaching 3M viewers, featuring Norman Jean in 1960-5, Jeannie Seely in 1965-6, Dolly Parton in 1966-74, Barbara Lea in 1974-6, and Linda Carol Moore in 1976-81. Hungarian conductor Istvan Kertesz (1929-73) (most of whose family were shipped to Auschwitz) becomes dir. of the Augsburg Opera, going on to conduct the Cologne Opera in 1964, the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra in 1862, and the London Symphony Orchestra in 1965; too bad, he drowns while swimming in Israel in 1973. German conductor Rudolf Kempe (1910-76) debuts at the Beyreuth Festspielhaus, conducting Wagner's Ring Cycle, with the role of Wotan split between Hermann Uhde and Jerome Hines, and the role of Brunnhilde between Astrid Varnay and Birgit Nilsson. Leontyne Price (1927-) becomes the first black woman to sing a leading role at La Scala in Milan as Aida; next Jan. she sings Leonora in Giuseppe Verdi's "Il Trovatore", receiving a record 42 min. standing ovation; in 1966 she becomes the first black woman to play Cleopatra in Samuel Barber's "Antony and Cleopatra"; "Her singing has brought light to her land" (Pres. Lyndon Johnson). Hungarian-born conductor Sir Georg Solti (1912-97) becomes music dir. of the Los Angeles Philharmonic; too bad, he abruptly resigns next year after learning that young whippersnapper Zubin Mehta (b. 1936) has been appointed as his asst. without his approval. The jazz label Impulse! Records is founded in Santa Monica, Calif. by Bedford, Va.-born Creed Taylor (1929-) as a subsidiary of ABC-Paramount Records, signing John Coltrane and becoming known as "the house that Trane built"; in 1961 Taylor leaves for Verve Records, introducing bossa nova to the U.S. via songs incl. "The Girl from Ipanema" by Stan Getz and Antonio Calos Jobim, moving to A&M Records in 1967 and forming his own jazz label CTI (Creed Taylor Inc.), which rises to the top after signing Chet Baker, George Benson, Ron Carter, Paul Desmond, Herbie Hancock, Art Farmer, Freddie Hubbard, Nina Simone, Stanley Turrentine et al. In this decade DJ Wolfman Jack (1938-95) reaches listeners across the U.S. from 250KW radio station ZERF in Mexico. The Tate Gallery in London holds a Picasso exhibition. Frank Sinatra leaves Capital Records and forms his own record co., Reprise Records (pr. rih-PREEZE) with Dean Martin, causing him to be called "the chairman of the board"; too bad, after mismanagement and poor sales, it is sold to Warner Bros. Records in 1963, going on to sign The Kinks, Arlo Guthrie, Neil Young, Norman Greenbaum, Tiny Tim, Captain Beefheart, Frank Zappa and the Mothers, Gram Parsons, The Fugs, Jethro Tull, T.Rex, Gordon Lightfoot et al. Oskar Kokoschka and Marc Chagall receive the Dutch Erasmus Prize. The Minimalist Music movement is born in the New York City Downtown scene, featuring constant harmony, steady pulse, stasis, and reiteration of musical phrases; it is adopted by composers Philip Glass, Steve Reich, Terry Riley, La Monte Young et al.; it is accompanied by the Minimalist Art Movement, as in, how little do I have to do to get you rich stupid art collectors to give me your money, kaching? Caffe Lena (Caffè Lena) in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. opens, becoming the first folk music coffee house in the U.S. Purple-painted Tootsie's Orchid Lounge in Nashville, Tenn. behind the Ryman Auditorium opens, becoming a hangout for country stars incl. Patsy Cline, Mel Tillis, Waylon Jennings, Roger Miller, Kris Kristofferson, and Willie Nelson. The Big Texan Steak Ranch on U.S. Route 66 in Amarillo, Tex. opens, moving to Interstate 40 in 1970, painted yellow with blue trim, featuring a large bull statue advertising their "free" 72 oz. steak ("if consumed in 60 minutes") and white stretch Cadillac limos with longhorn hood ornaments. Back Stage (Backstage) weekly mag., ed. by Ira Eaker (1921-2002) and Allen Zwerdling (1922-2009) begins pub. in New York City, becoming a must-read for stage and movie actors looking for work, zooming from 10K to 32K copies/week; in 1994 they found "Back Stage West" for readers in Los Angeles, Calif., reaching 24K copies/week; in 1986 it is acquired by Billboard Pubs. Gay Jewish-Am. fashion designer-critic Richard "Mr." Blackwell (1922-2008) pub. his first Ten Worst Dressed Women List; it later describes Cher as "a million beads and one overexposed derrier", and Martha Stewart as "dresses like the centerfold for Farmers' Almanac"; initially viewed as an insult, inclusion is later treated as an honor; in 1964 Blackwell and his gay partner Robert Spencer rent their home in Hancock Park, Los Angeles to the Beatles, but back out when it is leaked to the media. Sports: Big year for U.S. football, which is for real men, not that sissy rugby and soccer stuff? The Am. Football League (AFL) is founded (until 1969) by Lamar Hunt (1932-2006) (son of Texas oilman H.L. Hunt et al.; WWII Marine fighter ace Joseph Jacob "Joe" Foss (1915-2003) becomes AFL commissioner #1 (until 1966); the Buffalo Bills, owned by Ohio-born Ralph C. Wilson Jr. (1918-) joins the AFL, with QB (until 1970) Jack French Kemp (1935-2009); the new (Aug. 14, 1959) Denver Broncos, owned by Robert Lee "Bob" Howsam (1918-2008) joins the AFL, and on Sept. 9 wins the first-ever AFL game over the Boston Patriots by 13-10, then compiles a lousy 39-97-4 record during the decade, becoming the only AFL never to play in a title game, having its first winning season in 1973; meanwhile future Super Bowl winning QB (1997-8) John Elway (1960-) (Denver Broncos #7) is born this year, and joins the team in 1983, fighting to turn around its born-loser image and finally doing it before retiring in 1999. On Jan. 28 after twisting the arm of Washington Redskins owner (since 1932) George Preston Marshall (1896-1969) (owner of a TV monopoly in the South) by buying the rights to their fight song "Hail to the Redskins", the new Dallas Cowboys NFL franchise (originally the Dallas Steers then the Dallas Rangers) is created by Clint William Murchison Jr. (1923-87) et al., going on to become rivals of the other Southern team the Washington Redskins (the greatest rivalry in sports?); after the Redskins defeat them 26-14 in their first contest they finish their first season 0-11-1. Pete Rozelle (1926-96) becomes commissioner of the Nat. Football League (NFL) (until 1989), and the Dallas Cowboys join the NFL, giving it 13 teams, while the Cardinals relocate from Chicago, Ill. to St. Louis, Mo. on Mar. 13, giving the city two teams with the same name; brothers Jack Mara and Wellington Timothy "Duke" Mara (1916-2005), owners of the New York Giants (the largest market) agree to share TV revenue on a league-wide basis, giving the league a needed boost; on Dec. 26 the 1960 NFL Championship Game at Franklin Field in Philly sees the Philadelphia Eagles, led by QB Norman Mack "Norm" "the Dutchman" Van Brocklin (1926-83) and backup QB Christian Adolph "Sonny" Jurgensen III (1934-) defeat the Green Bay Packers in Franklin Field in Philadelphia by 17-13, becoming the only post-season D of Packers Coach Vince Lombardi, after which they go on to win five titles in seven years, incl. the first two Super Bowls; in 1964 the Eagles trade aging Jurgensen to the Washington Redskins for QB Norm Snead, only to find out that there's a lot of life left in him, and Lombardi ends up as his coach in 1969, after which he doesn't retire until 1975. On Jan. 4 the 1960 Orange Bowl features the first-ever blimp shots; the Georgia Bulldogs, quarterbacked by Francis Asbury "Fran" Tarkenton (1940-) defeat the Missouri Tigers by 14-0 despite being shut down on the ground; Tarkenton is drafted by the Minn. Vikings (coach Norm Van Brocklin) in the 1961 NFL draft (until 1966), defeating the favored Chicago Bears in his first game by 37-13 and going on to pioneer the idea of a mobile QB, becoming known as Scramblin' Fran and Sir Francis. On Jan. 22 after placing a $2M bet on himself and vowing to join the police force if beaten, Paul Pender (1930-2003) wins the middleweight boxing title from aging Sugar Ray Robinson (Walker Smith Jr.) (1921-89) in a split decision in Boston, Mass., then defeats him again in another split decision in Boston on June 10, then retires on May 7, 1963 undefeated after several tough matches, going to college and becoming a vocal opponent of boxing. On Jan. 26 6'0 senior Danny Heater (1942-) of Burnsville H.S. in W. Va. sets a h.s. basketball record (until) by scoring 135 points in a 32-min. basketball game, incl. 53 field goals, 29 of 41 free throws, and 32 rebounds. On Feb. 14 the 1960 (2nd) Daytona 500 is won by Robert Glenn "Junior" Johnson Jr. (1931-) (inventor of the drafting technique?) in a 1959 Chevrolet, becoming the first to be televised (by CBS-TV, anchorman Bud Palmer), and the slowest race in Daytona 500 history (124.74 mph avg.). On Feb. 18-28 the VIII (8th) Winter Olympic Games are held in Squaw Valley, Calif., becoming the first North Am. Winter Games since 1932; an IBM 305 RAMAC becomes the first computer used in an Olympics; U.S. vice-pres. Richard Nixon opens the games; U.S. figure skater Carol Elizabeth Heiss (1940-) becomes the first woman chosen to recite the Olympic Oath, going on to win a gold medal; South Africa makes its first appearance, and its last until 1994; women's speed skating and men's biathlon debut; the bobsledding event is canceled as too expensive; artificial refrigeration is first used for speed skating events; David Wilkinson Jenkins (1936-) of the U.S. wins gold for men's figure skating; on Feb. 27 the U.S. Olympic hockey team defeats the Soviet team 3-2 on its way to win the gold medal; the Zamboni ice-resurfacing machine makes its debut, boosting it into internat. prominence, esp. as some connect it with the U.S. hockey win. On Feb. 24-25 the 12-team NFL-wannabe Nat. Bowling League (NBL), (5-man teams) is formed to compete with the PBA, with $6K-$24K salaries depending on TV revenue; on July 17 the first (last) NBL draft selects Billy Welu #1 (Miami) and Don Carter #2 (Fort Worth Panthers); later rounds (of 30 total) select ML baseball players Mickey Mantle and Yogi Berra, who are both bowling alley owners; on Sept. 5 Fred Joseph Riccilli (1921-2015) (winner of the 1952 Petersen Classic) becomes the first player to sign, with the Los Angeles Toros for $10K; Steve Nagy signs with the Toros for $24K: Buzz Fazio signs with the Omaha Packers for $24K plus a free luxury apt.; the Pfeiffer Beer team incl. Ed Lubanski, Billy Golembiewski, Joe Joseph, Bob Hitt, and Bob Kwolek all sign after Pfeiffer drops sponsorship; too bad, Don Carter stalls, turning down a $1K/week contract, half-interest in a goat farm, and a cut of the gate; on Oct. 12, 1961 the NBL has its first game in Dallas, Tex., and the Dallas Broncos defeat the New York Gladiators 22-2, with Carmen Salvino of Dallas, Tex. bowling the high game (259); on Dec. 13 Ed Lubanski of the Detroit Thunderbirds rolls the first 300 game in NBL play in Fresno, Calif.; on May 4-6, 1962 the First Nat. Bowling League (NBL) Championships in Allen Park, Mich. see the Detroit Thunderbirds defeat the Twin Cities Skippers 3-0, after which on July 9 the NBL folds amid rumors of an attempt to bribe PBA star Don Carter with a pig farm; too bad, after failing to sign Don Carter or negotiate a TV contract, the league folds on May 6, 1962. On Mar. 27-Apr. 9 the 1960 NBA Finals is won by the Boston Celtics (coach Red Auerbach) by 4-3 over the St. Louis Hawks (coach Ed Macauley). On Apr. 2 the first exploding scoreboard debuts in Comiskey Park in Chicago, Ill.; on Apr. 19 U.S. ML baseball uniforms begin displaying players' names on their backs - so that CIA spies using spy sats can follow along? On Apr. 7-14 the 1960 Stanley Cup Finals see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Toronto Maple Leafs 4-0, becoming a 5-peat, which is not achieved again until ?. On Apr. 11 the 1960 NBA Draft sees eight teams select 100 players in 21 rounds; after the draft the Minneapolis Lakers relocate to Los Angeles, Calif. and become the Los Angeles Lakers; 6'5" guard-forward Oscar Palmer "the Big O" Robertson (1938-) of the U. of Cincinnati is selected #1 by the Cincinnati Royals (#14), moving to the Milwaukee Bucks (#1) in 1970-4; 6'2" guard-forward Jerry Alan "Gentleman" "Mr. Clutch" "The Logo" "Mr. Outside" "Zeke from Cabin Creek" West (1938-) of the U. of W. Va. is selected #2 by the Minneapolis Lakers (#44), becoming a member of the first five NBA All-Defensive Teams (1969-73), then retiring in 1974, returning as head coach of the Los Angeles Lakers in 1976-9; after playing on the 1960 men's Olympic basketball team in Rome, 6'10" center Darrall Tucker Imhoff (1938-) of the U. of Calif. (#40) is selected #3 by the New York Knicks (#18), proving a bust with poor shooting skills, getting demoted to backup center; in 1962 he is traded for Gene Shue to the Detroit Pistons (#17), who trade him in 1964 to the Los Angeles Lakers (#14), who trade him in 1968 for Wilt Chamberlain to the Philadelphia 76ers (#22), moving to the Cincinnati Royals (#30) in 1970-1, and the Portland Trail Blazers (#35) in 1971-2; 6'7" forward Lee Philip Shaffer II (1939-) of the U. of N.C. is selected #5 by the Syracuse Nationals (#22), playing until 1964; 6'1" guard Leonard Randolph "Lenny" Wilkens (1937-) of Providence College is selected #6 by the St. Louis Hawks (#32), moving to the Seattle SuperSonics (#15) in 1968-72, the Cleveland Cavaliers (#14) in 1972-4, and the Portland Trail Blazers (#19) in 1974-5, becoming the head coach of the Supersonics in 1977-85, Atlanta Hawks in 1993-2000, Toronto Raptors in 2000-3, and New York Knicks in 2004-5; in 1992 he is an asst. coach of the 1992 U.S. Olympic Dream Team; in 1994-2010 he becomes the winningest coach in NBA history (1,332 Vs) (until ?). On May 30 the 1960 (44th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Richard "Jim" Rathmann (1928-). On June 20 former champ (1956-9) Floyd Patterson (1935-2006) (35-2-0) KOs 22-0-0 Ingemar Johansson in round 5 in the Polo Grounds in New York City with a leaping left hook to regain the heavyweight boxing title; the big Swede lays unconscious flat on his back for 5 min. with his glazed eyes staring up at the lights, blood trickling from his mouth, and his left foot quivering - is my car insurance just right for me? On July 21 English yachtsman Francis Chichester (1901-72) arrives in New York harbor aboard Gypsy Moth II after a record 40-day solo Atlantic crossing - if I could make it all the way around the world, I could become Sir Francis Chichester? On Sept. 10 New York Yankee player Mickey Charles Mantle (1931-95) hits a homer at Briggs Stadium in Detroit against the Detroit Tigers that measures a record 643 ft. (195.986 m.) (until ?). On Oct. 10 16 members of the Cal Poly San Luis Obispo football team are killed in a plane crash in Toledo, Ohio. On Oct. 29 Cassius Clay wins his first prof. fight in Louisville, Ky. On Nov. 4 Wilt Chamberlain of the Philadelphia Warriors sets an NBA record for most missed free throws with all 10 tries against Detroit; on Dec. 8, 2000 Shaquille O'Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers misses 11 against Seattle. On Nov. 24 Wilt Chamberlain of the Philadelphia Warriors sets an NBA record (until ?) with 55 rebounds against the Boston Celtics. Neale Andrew Fraser (1933-) of Australia wins the U.S. Lawn Tennis Assoc. men's singles title along with the Wimbleton singles title, and Darlene Hard (1936-) of the U.S. wins the women's singles title along with the French Open; Maria Esther Andion Bueno (1939-) of Brazil wins her 2nd straight Wimbledon women's singles tennis title, and Neale Fraser defeats Rod Laver to win the men's singles title; Australia defeats Italy to win the Davis Cup of tennis - yes yes yes oi oi oi? On Nov. 28 the First Annual PBA Bowling Championship in Memphis, Tenn. sees 48 bowlers compete in a 30-game preliminary round, and the top 12 compete in a 30-game final round; the winner is Don Carter; in 2002 it is renamed the PBA World Championship, presenting the Earl Anthony Trophy to winners, named after 6x winner (1973-5, 1981-3) Earl Roderick Anthony (1938-2001). Deane R. Beman (1938-) (who won the British amateur title last year) wins the U.S. amateur golf title, and in June Arnold Daniel Palmer (1929-2016) wins the U.S. Open (his only win) at Cherry Hills Country Club in Colo., shocking the golf world on June 19 with a monstrous drive, starting with a birdie on hole #1 en route to a 65 as he overcomes a 7-shot deficit to overtake 14 players; Beman wins the U.S. amateur title again in 1963, then turns pro in 1967. Ga.-born sports announcer William Earnest "Ernie" Harwell (1918-2010) becomes the voice of the Detroit Tigers (until 1991). Latvian-born Mikhail Tal (1931-92), "the Riga Magician" of the Soviet Union defeats Mikhail Botvinnik to become world chess champ #9 (until 1961); 16-y.-o. Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (1943-2008) successfully defends his U.S. chess title. Milton Ross "Milt" Plum (1935-) of the Cleveland Browns (#16) ends the season with a record 110.4 NFL passer rating, the highest until 1989; he started the season with 16 TDs without an interception in the first 10 games. TLW's boyhood heroes are all phony he-men, no girlie men in sight? Verne Gagne (1926-) (known for his sleeper hold) founds the Am. Wrestling Assoc., becoming its heavyweight champ and going on to promote a sleazy style of prof. wrestling with colorful working class hero stars (all of whom supposedly have amateur wrestling backgrounds, but at least mostly don't do steroids, preferring beer and mixed drinks?), incl. The Crusher (Reginald "Reggie" Lisowski) (1926-2005) ("the wrestler who made Milwaukee famous"), Maurice "Mad Dog" Vachon (1929-), and Nicholas Warren Francis "Nick" Bockwinkel (1934-), followed by the next generation, incl. Baron Von (James Donald) Raschke (1940-), "Nature Boy" Ric Flair (Richard Morgan Fliehr) (1949-), Ken Patera (1943-) ("first man to overhead press 500 lbs."), and Black Jack Lanza, followed by the next generation, incl. Ricky "the Dragon" Steamboat (Richard Henry Blood) (1953-), Curtis Michael "Curt" "Mr. Perfect" Hennig (1958-2003), and finally Hulk Hogan (Terry Gene Bollea) (1953-), who bolts in 1983 to the WWF of Vince McMahon, causing the AWA to go kaput in 1991; the TV version is nothing but taped buildups for the well-choreographed arena shows, where concealed razor blades are used to satisfy the paying crowds with real blood. The Prof. Women Bowler's Assoc. (PWBA) is founded, becoming the first org. for prof. women bowlers; in 1974 some players leave to form the Ladies' Prof. Bowlers Assoc. (PBA) before merging back in 1978, becoming the Women's Prof. Bowlers Assoc. (WPBA), which dissolves in 1981, becoming the Ladies Pro Bowlers Tour (LPBT), then returns to the PWBA name in 1998; it goes defunct in fall 2003. Architecture: On Apr. 12 Candlestick Park (AKA the Stick) in San Francisco, Calif. (begun 1958) opens, becoming the home of the San Francisco Giants and San Francisco 49ers until 2000; state tax auditor Al Dermody (1910-2004) won a newspaper contest with 16K entries by naming it after the nearby Candlestick Point rock formation; the Beatles play their last live commercial concert there on Aug. 29, 1966. On Apr. 21 Brasilia (modern-day pop. 480K/2.9M), the new more accessible capital of Brazil, designed by Toulon, France-born architect Lucio Costa (1902-98) is inaugurated as the nat. govt. seat, replacing Rio de Janeiro; designed for a pop. of 500K, it zooms to 2M by the end of the cent. On July 30 $600K .533 mi. Bristol Motor Speedway AKA "Thunder Valley", "World's Fastest Half-Mile", "The Last Great Colosseum" in Bristol, Tenn. hosts its first NASCAR race, becoming known for its steep 30 deg. banking, all-concrete surface, and stadium-like seating for 160K, becoming one of NASCAR's loudest tracks. On July 31 $1.8M 1.54 mi. Atlanta Motor Speedway (originally Atlanta Internat. Raceway) in Hampton, Ga. opens to host NASCAR races. $1.25M 1.5 mi. Charlotte Motor Speedway (originally Lowe's Motor Speedway) in Concord, N.C. opens, going on to host the annual Coca-Cola 600 (longest NASCAR race) on Memorial Day weekend. The Nat. Army Museum in Chelsea, London is established. Livonian-born architect Louis Isadore Kahn (Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) (1901-74), prof. of architecture at Yale U. in 1947-57, followed by the U. of Penn. since 1957 designs the Richards Medical Research Bldg. Louis Isadore Kahn (1901-74) designs the Richards Medical Research Bldg. at the U. of Penn., his first example of the served-servant space concept, which groups the functional equipment into four 7-story brick towers. The Nat. Congress Bldg. in Brasilia, Brazil, designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (1907-2012) opens, along with the museum. Am. architect Minoru Yamasaki (1912-86) designs the Pavilion of Sciences in Seattle, Wash. for the 1962 Seattle World's Fair. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Albert John "Mvumbi" Luthuli (Lutuli) (1898-1967) (South Africa) (Zulu) [nonviolent protest against apartheid]; Lit.: Saint-John Perse (Alexis Saint-Leger Leger) (1887-1975) (France); Physics: Donald Arthur Glaser (1926-2013) (U.S.) [bubble chamber]; Chem.: Willard Frank Libby (1908-80) (U.S.) [C-14 dating]; Medicine: Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985) (Australia) and Sir Peter Brian Medawar (1915-87) (U.K.) [acquired immunity]. Inventions: Early in this decade the Bell Rocket Belt is created for the U.S. Army, using compressed nitrogen to shoot hydrogen peroxide over a catalyst that turns it into superheated steam to supply thrust. On Apr. 19 the $16M twin jet mid-wing all-weather Grumman A-6 Intruder attack aircraft makes its first flight, entering service in 1963 for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps and replacing the Douglas A-1 Skyraider; 693 are built by the 1993; it is retired by the USMC on Apr. 28, 1993, and the U.S. Navy on Feb. 28, 1997; on May 25, 1968 the $20M Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler electronic warfare version makes its first flight, entering service in July 1971; 170 are produced by 2015. On May 13 the Douglas Delta satellite launching vehicle makes its first launch, which is a failure, after which it goes on to have a 95.3% success rate (15 failures out of 325 launches) in the Vanguard, Agena, Echo, and other programs. On Aug. 23 German-born IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn (1896-1964) patents the Luhn Algorithm for checking the validity of ID numbers incl. credit card numbers. The opioid drug Fentanyl (Fentanil) is discovered by Belgian physician Paul Janssen (Paul Adriaan Jan, Baron Janssen) (1926-2003) (founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1953) , and approved by the U.S. FDA in 1968, going on to cause 20K deaths/year in the U.S. incl. celebs like rock star Prince. The Bussard Ramjet, a rocket that uses electromagnetic fields to compress hydrogen until it fuses is proposed by physicist Robert W. Bussard (1928-2007) as a method of spacecraft propulsion - why do I keep picturing a space buzzard? The govt. of Lebanon begins developing its Cedar rocket line, which is discontinued after a warning letter from French pres. Charles de Gaulle that it threatens French army missiles. Kazuo Hashimoto (-1995) of Phonetel develops the Ansafone, which becomes the first telephone answering machine sold in the U.S. Schwinn begins marketing the derailleur Continental 10-Speed Bicycle; TLW talks his mother into getting him one for Xmas at age 7, and being too young for it some bigger kids soon steal it; years later the police return what's left of the frame - fun way to take your daily 10K steps? The U.S. Navy takes delivery of the first F-4 Phantom II (that's three straight F sounds) supersonic jet, manufactured by McDonnell Aircraft, which can do Mach 2 and operate at a 50K ft. ceiling; the U.S. Air Force adopts it in 1963, and more than 5K are built by 1979; meanwhile the Air Force takes delivery of the first delta-winged Convair B-58 Hustler, the first supersonic (Mach 2) bomber, featuring a jettisonable pod beneath the fuselage to carry fuel and/or nukes. Coopertone introduces QT (Quick Tanning), which uses DHA (dihydroxyacetone) to turn the skin brown, as first discovered by German scientists in the 1920s; too bad, it often turns it orange instead. Poppycock brand popcorn clusters with almonds and pecans, covered in a candy glaze, invented in the 1950s by Howard Vair is acquired by Wander Co. of Switzerland (makers of Ovaltine), who produce it in Villa Park, Ill., later moving production to Lincoln, Neb. under the name Lincoln Snacks Co.; in 1968 it merges with Sandoz Nutrition Co. to form Sandoz-Wander Inc.; on Sept. 7, 2007 it is acquired by Conagra Foods. Starbust (originally Opal Fruits) box-shaped fruit-flavored soft taffy candies are introduced by Mars in the U.K.; Peter Pfeffer picks the name Opal Fruits for a competition, winning £5; the original flavors are lemon, lime, orange, and strawberry, with the slogan "Made to make your mouth water"; they are introduced in the U.S. in 1967 as Starburst. Smith Corona (founded 1886) invents the typewriter power carriage return. Soft Contact Lenses using HEMA (hydrogel-poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) are invented using an Erector Set and a phonograph on his kitchen table (a children's spincasting kit?) by Czech chemist Otto Wichterle (1913-98) and Drahoslav Lim (1925-2003); even though they are more comfortable than hard contacts (introduced in 1939), the FDA doesn't approve them until Mar. 18, 1971; Bausch and Lomb begin marketing them in 1976; by the end of the cent. 100M worldwide are wearing them, even though they only last about a year. On May 16 U.S. physicist Theodore Maiman (1927-2007) of Hughes Research Labs in Malibu, Calif. (brother-in-law of Arthur Leonard Schawlow (1921-99), who came up with the idea of building a cavity out of synthetic ruby to serve as an amplification chamber) first demonstrates the Optical Ruby Laser. On Oct. 25 Bulova introduces the Accutron 360 Hz tuning fork watch, the first Electronic Wristwatch, with a retro analog display; in 1963 they introduce the Spaceview, with a transparent dial so the tuning forks can be observed. IBM introduces the 1405 Disk Storage unit, available with 25 or 50 disks for 10MB or 20MB storage capacity, with a 17.5 KB per sec. read/write rate; the CIA uses it for their Walnut info. retrieval system; it is discontinued in 1970. Imperimerie Nat. in Paris pioneers Computer Typesetting. Polaroid introduces 3K-rated ASA high-speed film, a 10x improvement. Am. physician Belding Hibbard Scribner (1921-2003) of the U. of Wash. implants the first outpatient kidney dialysis Teflon Scribner Shunt in 39-y.-o. machinist Clyde Shields (1921-71) on Mar. 9; the operating room version was developed in 1944 by Willem J. Kollf; too bad, now that people with renal failure have an easier way out, the ethical dilemma of who will and won't be treated arises, and in 1962 Scribner founds the 12-patient Seattle Artificial Kidney Center, the world's first outpatient dialysis treatment center, with an anon. committee deciding which of 60 patients get treatment. The PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations) computer-assisted education system is built at the U. of Ill. by Donald L. Bitzer, pioneering online forums, message boards, e-mail, chat rooms, picture languages, instant messages, multiplayer games, and remote screen sharing; it is shut down in 2006. Armenian-Am. inventor Luther George Simjian (1905-97) patents the Bankograph, which is installed in lobbies of the First Nat. City Bank of New York City (later Citibank), allowing customers to deposit checks or cash and receive a photo receipt., becoming the first automatic teller machine (ATM); in 1968 Deibold & Co. of Canton, Ohio begins manufacturing them. Science: This decade is the Pharamaceutical Decade as blood pressure, tranquilizer, and other drugs hit the market bigtime, starting with the anti-anxiety sedative-hypnotic Benzodiazepines (BZDs) incl. Librium (Chlordiazepoxide) (AKA Librax, Libritabs, Mesural, Multum, Novapam, Sonimen, Tropium, Angirex, Elenium, Klopoxid et al.) of Hoffmann-La Roche Labs, which was discovered accidentally in 1955 by Leo Sternbach and receives FDA approval on Feb. 24; in 1963 it markets the benzodiazepine drug Diazepam AKA Valium; in 1977 the benzodiazepine drug Lorazepam is introduced, becoming known for its ability to induce sleep and amnesia, making it the date rape drug of choice - my mother used to look like this? In this decade Pottsville, Penn.-born economist Gary Stanley Becker (1930-) and Polish-born economist Jacob Mincer (1922-2006) develop New Home Economics (NHE) at Columbia U., emphasizing the importance of household production, spawning Family Economics. In this decade Kampen, Netherlands-born astronomer Peter (Piet) van de Kamp (1901-95), dir. of Swarthmore College's Sproul Observatory in 1937-72 claims to find a periodic wobble in the motion of Barnard's Star, indicating a planet; too bad, he never admits he is wrong despite numerous criticisms, causing the term van de Kampian planet to be coined; on Nov. 14, 2018 the Red Dots Project announces the discovery of a planet 3.2x the mass of Earth orbiting you know what. In this decade Canton, Ohio-born psychologist Marshall B. Rosenberg (1934-) develops Nonviolent (Compassionate) (Collaborative) Communication (NVC), a conflict resolution process based on self-empathy, empathy, and honest self-expression. Irving Friedman (1920-2005) et al. of the U.S. Geological Survey invent Obsidian Hydration Dating based on absorption of water over time. German-born English pshrink Max Hamilton (1912-88) pub. the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), with a score of 20+ indicating clinical depression. K.H. Hofmann of Germany synthesizes pituitary hormone. The first Jodie Fosters with those accents they try so desperately to shed, pure West Virginia are already into Carl Sagan's Contact? Project Ozma (named after L. Frank Baum's Queen of Oz) is founded by Chicago, Ill.-born astronomer Frank Donald Drake (1930-) of Cornell U. in Green Bank, W. Va., doing the first research for the SETI program, looking for signs of extraterrestrial life on the 1.420 GHZ band; next year Drake develops the Drake Equation to estimate the number of detectable civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy; the U.S. govt. stops funding SETI in 1995. In 1960 Project Ozma (named after L. Frank Baum's Queen of Oz) is founded by Chicago, Ill.-born astronomer Frank Donald Drake (1930-) of Cornell U. in Green Bank, W. Va., doing the first research for the SETI program, looking for signs of extraterrestrial life on the 1.420 GHZ band; Drake develops the Drake Equation to estimate the number of detectable civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy, their attempt to answer the Fermi Paradox with the Great Filter, which is later attributed to the greenhouse effect on other planets? In this decade Omaha, Neb.-born econometrist Lawrence Robert Klein (1920-) develops the Brookings-SSRC Econometric Model, and the Wharton Econometric Forecasting Model (1967), winning him the 1980 Nobel Econ. Prize. Cambridge, Mass.-born physicist John Hamilton Reynolds (1923-2000) of UCB sets the age of the Solar System at 4.95B years based on an excess of xenon-129 in the Richardton Meteorite and other meteorites resulting from beta decay of iodine-129 to xenon-129 in its early years. G.N. Robinson of Beecham Co. of Britain discovers the semi-synthetic penicillin Methicillin (Meticillin) (originally Celbenin), which is toxic to humans but can kill Staphylococcus aureus in the lab. Gary, Ind.-born economist Paul Anthony Samuelson (1915-2009) and Brooklyn, N.Y.-born economist Robert Merton Solow (1924-) pub. a paper publicizing an inverse relation between unemployment and inflation, which is called the Phillips Curve, capturing the public imagination and influencing public policy. English surgeon Michael Francis Addison Woodruff (1911-2001) performs the first successful Kidney Transplant in the U.K. at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, getting knighted for it in 1969. Am. chemist Robert Burns Woodward (1917-79) (the model for nerds of the future?) announces the synthesis of chlorophyll, winning him the 1965 Nobel Chem. Prize. Dinosaur fossils are found in Zhucheng in Shandong Province in E China, which climbs to 7.6K fossils in 2008, making it the richest dino fossil site on Earth. The Gypsy Moth Pheromone is discovered. The first Vetlesen Prize is awarded by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia U. and the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation to Am. geophysicist-oceanographer William Maurice "Doc" Ewing (1906-74), going on to become the Nobel Prize for geology. Nonfiction: Mercedes de Acosta (1893-1968), Here Lies the Heart (autobio.); her encounter with Maharishi Sri Ramana, and how she licked every Hollywood starlet's problems she could? Joy Adamson (1910-80), Born Free: The Lioness of Two Worlds; the untaming of Elsa the lion in Kenya; filmed in 1966. Herbert Sebastian Agar (1897-1980), The Saving Remnant: An Account of Jewish Survival Since 1914. John Marco Allegro (1923-88), The Treasure of the Copper Scroll; after arranging for it to be cut open in Manchester, England in 1955-6, he trans. its contents and found it to be a list of the Jewish Temple treasures hidden during the Roman Siege of Jerusalem in 70 C.E. Donald Allen (1912-2004) (ed.), The New American Poetry, 1945-1960; which documents the "third generation" of Am. modernist poets, becoming a std. work; Robert Lowell describes the difference between the old and new poets as the difference between the cooked and the raw. Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), La Poetique de la Reverie. Am. Bible Society et al., Version Reina-Valera; a Spanish trans. of the Bible, used by Spanish Protestants. Cleveland Amory (1917-98), Who Killed Society?; the low level of morality and courtesy in society. Philippe Aries (1914-84), Centuries of Childhood (L'Enfant et la Vie Familiale sous l'Ancient Regime); first book on the history of childhood; "In medieval society, the idea of childhood did not exist"; claims it takes until the 17th cent. A.J. Ayer (1910-89), Logical Positivism. Bernard Bailyn (1922-), Education in the Forming of American Society. Ian Graeme Barbour (1923-), Christianity and the Scientist; founds the modern dialogue on science v. religion. Jacques Barzun (1907-), Lincoln the Literary Genius; first pub. in the Saturday Evening Post, Feb. 14, 1959. Werner Baumbach, Broken Swastika: The Defeat of the Luftwaffe. L.L. Bean (1872-1967), My Story: The Adventures of a Down-East Merchant (autobio.); it all began with his little old Maine Hunting Shoe. Simone Beauvoir (1908-86), The Prime of Life (autobio.). Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer (1899-1972), The Sciences Were Never at War. Daniel Bell (1919-), The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties; 19th-20th cent. humanism is kaput because society is becoming classless a la Karl Marx? Nicolas Clerihew Bentley (1901-78), A Version of the Truth (autobio.). John Betjeman (1906-84), Summoned by Bells: A Life in Verse (verse autobio.). Paul Blanshard (1892-1980), God and Man in Washington. James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014), John Kennedy: A Political Profile; written after meeting him in 1958 while unsuccessfully running for the U.S. House in Mass. while he was seeking reelection to the U.S. Senate and being granted personal access, portraying him as "a rationalist and an intellectual", a man of excessive calculation lacking in emotion, who was "casual as a cash register", "quiet, taut, efficient - sometimes, perhaps, even dull", asking "What great idea does Kennedy personify? In what way is he a leader of thought? How could he supply moral leadership at a time when new paths before the nation need discovering?", pissing-off Jackie, who writes the soundbyte: "I think you underestimate him. Can't you see he is exceptional?" James Ramsay Montagu Butler (1889-1975), Lord Lothian. Herb Caen (1916-97), Only in San Francisco. Elias Canetti (1905-94), Crowds and Power. Aime Cesaire (1913-2008), Toussaint L'Ouverture, La Revolution Francaise et le Probleme Colonial. Caryl Chessman (1921-60), The Kid Was a Killer (autobio.). Sir Kenneth Clark (1903-83), Looking at Pictures. Ronald Coase (1910-), The Problem of Social Cost; claims that law and govt. regulations are not as important or effective in helping people as once thought, and that the govt. should have the burden of proof that its intervention in the market has positive effects based on costs of action, and that well-defined property rights can overcome the problems of externalities; proposes the Coase Theorem, that if trade in an externality is possible and there are no transaction costs, bargaining will lead to an efficient outcome regardless of the initial allocation of property, leading to the creation of New Institutional Economics in the 1970s. Robert Conquest (1917-2015), Common Sense About Russia (first book); U.S.-based British historian praises their educational system and scientific research; Power and Politics in the USSR. Earl Wendell Count (1897-1966) (ed.), This Is Race: An Anthology of the International Literature on the Races of Man. Bosley Crowther (1905-81), Hollywood Rajah: The Life and Times of Louis B. Mayer. Norman Dacey (1909-85), How to Avoid Probate; advocates trusts and shows how to set up estates without hiring an atty. Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), Can These Bones Live?; rev. of "Do These Bones Live" (1941) and "Sing O Barren" (1947). George Dangerfield (1904-86), Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New York, 1746-1813. Jonathan Worth Daniels (1902-81), Robert E. Lee. Christopher Henry Dawson (1889-1970), The Historic Reality of Christian Culture. Cecil Day-Lewis (1904-72), Buried Day (autobio.). Isaac Deutscher (1907-67), The Great Contest: Russia and the West. David Herbert Donald (1920-), Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War (Pulitzer Prize). Thomas Anthony Dooley III (1927-61), Doctor Tom Dooley, My Story; The Night They Burned the Mountain. Charles M. Doughty, My Travels in Arabia Deserta (June 30). Loren Eiseley (1907-77), The Firmament of Time. Clifton Fadiman (1904-99), Lifetime Reading Plan; list of Great Books; rev. eds. pub. in 1978, 1986, and 1998. Herbert Feis (1893-1972), Between War and Peace: The Potsdam Conference (Pulitzer Prize). Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Love and Death in the American Novel; deconstructs the Great Am. Novel. Errol Flynn (1909-59), My Wicked, Wicked Ways (autobio.) (posth.). John Thomas Flynn (1882-1964), God's Gold: The Story of Rockefeller and His Times; former progressivist flip-flops and sees how capitalists get rich by helping others, and it's only the jealous anti-capitalists who paint them as evil and want to get in the loop with govt. power? Michel Foucault (1926-84), Madness and Reason: History of Madness in the Age of Reason (Foilet et Deraison: Histoire de la Folie a l'Age Classique) (abridged English trans. in 1964); his first major book, abandoning phenomenology for structuralism in an examination of the evolution of the meaning of madness in Euro culture, attributing it to the influence of social structures. Arlene Francis (1907-2001), That Certain Something: The Magic of Charm. Erich Fromm (1900-80), Psychoanalysis and Zen Buddhism. Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002), Truth and Method; truth cannot be adequately explained by scientific method; is there a way to transcend history and culture to find a truly objective position from which to criticize society? David Gale (1921-2008), The Theory of Linear Economic Models; becomes a std. textbook on linear programming and linear inequalities. Larry Gara, The Liberty Line: The Legend of the Underground Railroad. Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931), Thoughts and Meditations (posth.). Barry Goldwater (1909-98), The Conscience of a Conservative; the Conservative Bible, touting freedom as the highest value in society; "The challenge to Conservatives today is quite simply to demonstrate the bearing of a proven philosophy on the problems of our own time", incl. states' rights, civil rights, freedom for the farmer and laborer, taxes and spending, the welfare state, education, and the Soviet menace; calls federal intervention in education unconstitutional, saying that "the alleged need for federal funds has never been convincingly demonstrated"; also calls the farm subsidy program unconstitutional, and backs more nuclear tests in case of a limited war. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Growing Up Absurd: Problems of Youth in the Organized Society; study of juvenile delinquency. Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), The Future as History. Philip Khuri Hitti (1886-1978), The Arabs. Emory Holloway (1885-1977), Free and Lonesome Narrative: The Secret of Walt Whitman; refutes critics who charged him with ignoring evidence of Whitman's gayness, discussing his "simple homosexual" disposition vis a vis his "Once I Passed Through a Populous City"; "The key word in the comprehension of Whitman is 'balance'." Margaret Irwin (1889-1967), That Great Lucifer: A Portrait of Sir Walter Raleigh. Elizabeth Jenkins (1905-2010), Joseph Lister. Walter Johnson (1915-85) and Francis J. Colligan, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue: Presidents and the People, 1929-59. Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980), The Scholar as American. Robert Francis Kennedy (1925-68), The Enemy Within: The McClellan Committee's Crusade Against Jimmy Hoffa and Corrupt Labor Unions. Frances Parkinson Keyes (1885-1970), Roses in December (autobio.). Maj. Donald E. Keyhoe (1897-1988), Flying Saucers: Top Secret. David Kidd (1927-96), All the Emperor's Horses; repub. in 1988 as "Peking Story". Henry A. Kissinger (1923-), Necessity for Choice: Prospects of American Foreign Policy; talks of the "missile gap", but limits "flexible response" to the use of conventional forces, influencing the Kennedy admin. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), The Watershed: A Biography of Johannes Kepler; excerpt from "The Sleepwalkers" (1959); Lotus and the Robot; assessment of East vs. West. R.D. Laing (1927-89), The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness. Rex Lardner (1918-98), Out of the Bunker and Into the Trees. John Frederick Lehmann (1907-87), I Am My Brother (autobio.); being gay in England. Oscar Lewis (1914-70), Tepoztlan, Village in Mexico. Seymour Martin Lipset (1922-2006), Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (1929-80), A Brutal Mandate; his 1959 tour of Namibia in SW Africa; introduction by Eleanor Roosevelt. Dwight Macdonald (1906-82), The Memoirs of a Revolutionist: Essays in Political Criticism; Parodies: An Anthology from Chaucer to Beerbohm and After. Gavin Maxwell (1914-69), Ring of Bright Water; bestseller (1M copies); jaded Scottish naturalist brings a smooth-coated otter named Mijbil (1956-) back from Basra, Iraq and discovers the new sub-species Maxwell's Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli); title taken from the poem "The Marriage of Psyche" by Kathleen Raine (1908-2003), who's hot for him but which he doesn't return since he's gay. Arthur J. May (1899-1968), The Hapsburg Monarchy, 1867-1914. Douglas McGregor (1906-64), The Human Side of Enterprise; how employees can be managed via Theory X (they are inherently lazy) and/or Theory Y (they like to work and have ambition); too bad, most take it as an unqualified endorsement of Theory Y. Eric Louis McKitrick (1919-2002), Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction (first book); reverses the picture of a brave hero fighting the Carpetbaggers and portrays him as a small-minded stubborn vindictive man who held back racial progress. Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-61), Signs; the primacy of perception. Elting Elmore Morison (1909-95), Turmoil and Tradition (Parkman Prize); bio. of U.S. war secy. Henry L. Stimson, Charles Norman (1904-96), Ezra Pound; rev. ed. 1969. Pierre van Paassen (1895-1968), A Crown of Fire: The Life and Times of Girolamo Savonarola. Vance Packard (1914-96), The Waste Makers; criticizes planned obsolescence. Talcott Parsons (1902-79), Structure and Process in Modern Societies. Charles Petrie (1895-1977), The Victorians. Richard Poirier (1925-), The Comic Sense of Henry James: A Study of the Early Novels. Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000), Word and Object; the impossibility of translating languages. Edwin Oldfather Reischauer (1910-90), John King Fairbank (1907-), and Albert Morton Craig (1927-), East Asia: The Great Tradition. Elmer Rice (1892-1967), The Living Theatre; by the playwright who was as popular as Eugene O'Neill in the 1920s. Joan Robinson (1903-83), Exercises in Economic Analysis. Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), Man Against Aging. Walt Whitman Rostow (1916-2003), The United States in the World Arena: An Essay in Recent History; The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto; based on a 1959 article in Economics History Review; proposes the Rostovian Takeoff Model of Economic Growth, with five basic stages: traditional society, preconditions for takeoff, takeoff, drive to maturity, and age of high mass consumption; the book impresses pres. candidate JFK, who makes him an adviser, then appoints him as an asst. to nat. security adviser McGeorge Bundy, getting promoted to his job by LBJ and becoming LBJ's main war hawk; too bad, he says that the preconditions for takeoff can be speeded up via not only infusions of Western knowhow and culture to backwards benighted Third World countries, but diffusion of Western culture, triggering anti-Westernism. Sir Steven Runciman (1903-2000), The White Rajahs: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946; James Brooke and his independent nation of Sarawak in 1841. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), Bertrand Russell Speaks His Mind. George Sanders (1906-72), Memoirs of a Professional Cad (autobio.). Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80), Critique de la Raison Dialectique. Cicely Mary Strode Saunders (1918-2005), Care of the Dying; founds the modern hospice movement, based on the premise that dying is a natural part of living rather than a failure of medicine, therefore people should be permitted to die with dignity along with effective pain meds and sensitive nursing. Thomas Crombie Schelling (1921-), The Strategy of Conflict; uses game theory to analyze how the U.S. and Soviet Union maintain the credibility of their nuclear threats. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (1917-2007), The Politics of Upheaval; by JFK's and LBJ's speechwriter, who teaches at CUNY in 1966-94. Richard Seaver (1926-2009), Terry Southern (1924-95), Alexander Trocchi (1925-84) (eds.), Writers in Revolt. Idries Shah (1924-96), Gerald Gardner: Witch; English Wicca founder Gerald Gardner (1884-1964); pub. under alias J.L. Bracelin. William Lawrence Shirer (1904-93), The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (Oct. 17); bestseller (2M copies) covering the early 1920s through 1945; initial press run is only 12.5K copies; supports the Sonderweg (Ger. "special path") ("Luther to Hitler") theory that claims that Hitler's rise to power was an expression of German nat. character that began with Martin Luther, as Germany kept seeking a "Third Way" compared to "vulgar" Western democracy and "Tsaristic" eastern autocracy; "The course of German history... made blind obedience to temporal rulers the highest virtue of Germanic man, and put a premium on servility"; no surprise, German historians diss it because to them Nazism was just another manifestation of a totalitarian disease that afflicted Italy, Japan, and many other countries at the time, hence Amerikaners have no reason to harbor anti-German sentiment. Martin Shubik (1926-), Game Theory as an Approach to the Firm. Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Origins of Interventionism: The United States and the Russo-Finnish War. Lydia Sokolova (1896-1974), Dancing for Diaghilev (autobio.). Piero Sraffa (1898-1983), Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities: Prelude to a Critique of Economic Theory; attempts to refute neoclassical economics by a technique of aggregating capital as "dated inputs of labor", leading to the Cambridge Capital Controversy, and founding the Neo-Ricardian School of Economics. Walter Terence Stace (1886-1967), Mysticism and Philosophy; The Teachings of the Mystics; popularizes the subject. Wallace Stegner (1909-83), Wilderness Letter (Dec. 3); helps get the 1964 U.S. Wilderness Act get passed. George Steiner (1929-), Tolstoy or Dostoevsky: An Essay in Contrast. Malcolm H. Stern, Americans of Jewish Descent; 250K Jews in the U.S. and their Jewish bloodlines; only 550 copies printed. Maxwell Davenport Taylor (1901-87), The Uncertain Trumpet; a U.S. gen. criticizes Ike's "New Look" defense policy as relying too much on nukes, and calls for "means to deter or to win the small wars". John Terraine (1921-2003), Mons: The Retreat to Victory (first book). Brinsley Le Poer Trench (1911-95), The Sky People: Ancient Aliens and the Supernatural; claims that ancient Bible chars. Adam, Eve, and Noah came from Mars and were experimental creations of ETs. Adam Bruno Ulam (1922-2000), The Unfinished Revolution: An Essay on the Sources of Influence of Marxism and Communism. Giuseppe Ungaretti (1888-1970), The Old Man's Notebook (Il Taccuino de Vecchio). Alan W. Watts (1915-73), The Value of Psychotic Experience; The World As Emptiness; From Time to Eternity; Lecture on Zen; The Cross of Cards; The Nature of Consciousness; "If you awaken from this illusion, and you understand that black implies white, self implies other, life implies death - or shall I say, death implies life - you can conceive yourself. Not conceive, but feel yourself, not as a stranger in the world, not as someone here on sufferance, on probation, not as something that has arrived here by fluke, but you can begin to feel your own existence as absolutely fundamental. What you are basically, deep, deep down, far, far in, is simply the fabric and structure of existence itself. So, say in Hindu mythology, they say that the world is the drama of God. God is not something in Hindu mythology with a white beard that sits on a throne, that has royal perogatives. God in Indian mythology is the self, Satcitananda. Which means sat, that which is, chit, that which is consciousness; that which is ananda is bliss. In other words, what exists, reality itself is gorgeous, it is the fullness of total joy." James Wechsler (1915-83), Reflections of an Angry Middle-Aged Editor; retiring ed. of the New York Post. Theodore Harold White (1915-86), The Making of the President, 1960 (Pulitzer Prize); bestseller, causing him to do it every four years. Michael Young (1915-2002), The Chipped White Cups of Dover: A Discussion of the Possibility of a New Progressive Party. Art: Joseph Beuys (1921-86), Bathtub (sculpture); covers his childhood metal tub with plaster and fat-soaked gauze, commemorating his WWII experience as a Luftwaffe pilot shot down over the Crimea and saved by Tatars by wrapping him in fat; too bad in fall 1973 two women at the Museum Schloss Morsbroich mistakenly clean it. John Randall Bratby (1928-92), Gloria Bishop with Sunflower. Sir Anthony Caro (1924-2013), Twenty Four Hours (sculpture); his first abstract and first welded sculpture, launching his rise to #1 sculptor in England. Lucien Coutaud (1904-77), Le Chateau des Fourches. Richard Diebenkorn (1922-93), Girl with Plant. Jim Dine (1935-), Shoes Walking on My Brain; leather shoes hanging off the forehead of a painting of a childlike face. M.C. Escher (1898-1972), Ascending and Descending (lithograph). Alberto Giacometti (1901-66), Walking Man II (Homme qui Marche II) (bronze sculpture); first one in 1947. Edward Hopper (1882-1967), Girl in the Sun (Joie d'une Fillette Devant le Soleil). Jasper Johns (1930-), Painted Bronze (Ale Cans) (sculpture); two cans of Balantine XXX ale; painted on a bet about his dealer Leo Castelli; "Somebody told me that Bill de Kooning said that you could give that son-of-a-bitch two beer cans and he could sell them. I thought, what a wonderful idea for a sculpture." (Johns) Ellsworth Kelly (1923-), Block Island II. Yves Klein (1928-62), Untitled Anthropometry (ANT 106); has nude models do the painting with his Internat. Klein Blue paint using their bushes as brushes; RE 46; sells for $4.72M at Christie's in May 2006. Willem de Kooning (1904-97), Door to the River. Morris Louis (1912-62), Beta Lambda; Unfurled Series (1960-1). Rene Magritte (1898-1967), The Postcard. Agnes Martin (1912-2004), White Flower. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Etre Atout; Vers l'Universe; Ciudad Cosmica; Design of Intuition. Justin McCarthy (1891-1977), Lady in Polka Dots. Barnett Newman (1905-70), The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Stations (1960-2). Larry Rivers (1923-2002), Orange Valentine II; Reclining Figure. Norman Rockwell (1894-1978), Triple Self-Portrait; Saturday Evening Post, Feb. 13. James Rosenquist (1933-), President Elect. Mark Rothko (1903-70), No. 7; No. 14, 1960 - Or, I want to catch a 3 lb. walleyed pike by 3 this afternoon and where did I lay my used tampon? Andy Warhol (1928-87), Dick Tracy. Music: Arthur Alexander (1940-93), Lonely Just Like Me: The Final Chapter; incl. Sally Sue Brown (debut). Paul Anka (1941-), Something Happened. The Hollywood Argyles, Alley Oop (#1 in the U.S.); written by Dallas Frazier (1939-); produced by Kim Fowley (1939-) (a student at Univ. H.S. in West Los Angeles) along with Sandy Nelson, Jan Berry and Dean Torrence, who lives at the corner of Hollywood Blvd. and Argyle St., and pays musicians $25 per session to record for him, incl. Norm Davis (lead vocals), Gary Paxton (1938-), Sander L. "Sandy" Nelson (1938-) (drums), Ted Winters (jug?); first song played on May 2 by WLS-AM in Chicago after they change from farm programming to rock and roll. Joan Baez (1941-), Joan Baez (album) (debut) (Oct.); incl. "Silver Dagger", "House of the Rising Sun", "Donna Donna", "Fare Thee Well (10,000 Miles)". The Teen Beats (Don Rivers and the Califfs), The Slop Beat. Harry Belafonte (1927-), Belafonte Returns to Carnegie Hall (album); Swing Dat Hammer (album). Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Too Pooped to Pop/ Let It Rock; Bye Bye Johnny; I Got to Find My Baby; Jaguar and Thunderbird. Boris Blacher (1903-75), Rosamunde Floris (opera) (Berlin) (Sept. 21); libretto by Gerhart von Westerman; based on the play by Georg Kaiser. Johnny Bond (1915-78), Hot Rod Lincoln; cover of the 1955 hit by Charlie Ryan. Gary U.S. Bonds (1939-), New Orleans (#6 in the U.S.). Benjamin Britten (1913-76), A Midsummer Night's Dream, Op. 64 (opera) (Aldeburgh Festival) (June 11); stars Alfred Deller as Oberon, Jennifer Vyvyan as Tytania, and Leonide Massine II as Puck. The Brothers Four, The Brothers Four (album) (debut) (#11 in the U.S.); incl. Greenfields (debut) (Jan.) (#2 in the U.S.) (#40 in the U.K.) (1M copies); The Green Leaves of Summer (#65 in the U.S.) (from the film "The Alamo"); Rally 'Round! (album #2); from the U. of Wash. in Seattle, incl. Bob Flick, John Paine, Mike Kirkland, and Dick Foley. Charles Brown (1922-99), Charles Brown Sings Christmas Songs (album); incl. Please Come Home for Christmas (#76 in the U.S.). James Brown (1933-2006), Think (Aug.). Johnny Burnette (1934-64), You're Sixteen (by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman) (#8 in the U.S.); covered in 1973 by Ringo Starr; promotes pedophilia? Jerry Butler (1939-), He Will Break Your Heart (#7 in the U.S.). Elliott Cook Carter Jr. (1908-), Second String Quartet (Pulitzer Prize). The Capris, There's a Moon Out Tonight; Nick Santa Maria, Mike Mincelli, Steve Reina, Vinnie Narcardo, John Apostol. Ray Charles (1930-2004), Let the Good Times Roll; Just For a Thrill; Hard Hearted Hannah; Ruby; Georgia On My Mind (about Hoagy Carmichael's sister?); Sticks and Stones; Tell the Truth. Chubby Checker (1941-), (Let's Do) The Twist; cover of "The Twist" by Hank Ballard. Eddie Cochran (1938-60), Cut Across Shorty / Three Steps to Heaven (Mar.); Lonely (Aug.); Weekend (Dec.). Nat King Cole (1919-65), The Magic of Christmas (album) (July 5-7) (#1 in the U.S.); becomes the best-selling Christmas album of the 1960s (6M copies in the U.S.); Wild is Love (album) (Oct.); based on a failed Broadway play about his travels through the realm of "hundreds and thousands of girls"; incl. Wild is Love ("Your chance goes by, and it's too late to wonder why"); The Magic of Christmas. Ornette Coleman (1930-2015), Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation (album #6) (Dec. 21, 1960); coins the term "free jazz", founding a movement that incl. John Coltrane and Eric Dolphy. Marius Constant (1925-2004), Cyrano de Bergerac (ballet). Sam Cooke (1931-64), Chain Gang (#2 in the U.S.); Wonderful World (#12 in the U.S.). Henry Dixon Cowell (1897-1965), Symphony No. 15 "Thesis". Bobby Darin (1936-73), Beyond the Sea (#6 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.). Miles Davis (1926-91) and Gil Evans (1912-88), Sketches of Spain (album) (July 18). Bo Diddley (1928-2008), Bo Diddley is a Gunslinger (album); incl. Gunslinger, Ride on Josephine; Mumblin' Guitar. Dion (1939-) and the Belmonts, Where or When (#3 in the U.S.); Lonely Teenager (#12 in the U.S.). Ken Dodd (1927-), Love Is Like a Violin; sets a record for telling 1.5K jokes in 3.5 hours in Liverpool. Eric Dolphy (1928-64), Outward Bound (album) (debut); Out There (album #2); incl. Out There. Fats Domino (1928-2017), Walking to New Orleans; Three Nights a Week; My Girl Josephine. Charlie Drake (1925-2006), Mr. Custer. The Drifters, Save the Last Dance for Me (#1 in the U.S.). Duane Eddy (1938-) and The Rebels, Duane Eddy's 16 Greatest Hits (album #4); incl. Shazam! (#45 in the U.S.) (#4 in the U.K.). Maureen Evans (1940-), The Big Hurt. The Everly Brothers, Cathy's Clown (Apr.). Adam Faith (1940-2003) and The Roulettes, Poor Me (#1 in the U.K.); Someone Else's Baby (#2 in the U.K.); When Johnny Comes Marching Home (#5 in the U.K.); How About That! (#4 in the U.K.); Lonely Pup (In A Christmas Shop) (#4 in the U.K.); Made You (by John Barry) (#5 in the U.K.) (from "Beat Girl") (banned by the BBC, making it more popular?); Adam (album) (debut) (Nov. 4). Percy Faith (1908-76), Theme from A Summer Place. Stan Freberg (1926-), The Old Payola Roll Blues. Jimmy Gilmer (1940-) and The Fireballs, The Fireballs (album) (debut); from Raton, N.M.; incl. Torquay, Bulldog, Vaquero. The Flamingos, Your Other Love (by Doc Pomus) (#54 in the U.S.); Nobody Loves Me Like You Do (by Sam Cooke) (#30 in the U.S.). Skip and Flip, Cherry Pie. Billy Fury (1940-83), Colette (#9 in the U.K.); That's Love (#19 in the U.K.); Wondrous Place (#25 in the U.K.); A Thousand Stars (#14 in the U.K.); The Sound of Fury (album) (debut); after he becomes a hit, he dumps his backup band The Blue Flames (which incl. keyboardist Georgie Fame, who takes them over) and holds auditions, offering the job to the Silver Beetles (later The Beatles) for £20 a week on the condition that they dump bass player Stuart Sutcliffe, which John Lennon refuses after securing his autograph, after which The Beatles tour Scotland with Johnny Gentle and Duffy Power. Buddy Greco (1926-2017), The Lady Is a Tramp (#26 in the U.K.) (1M copies). Rolf Harris (1930-), Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport (#3 in the U.S.) (#1 in Australia); features his invention, the wobble board. The Heartbeats, A Thousand Miles Away. Jessie Hill (1932-96), Ooh Poo Pah Doo (#5 R&B) (#30 in the U.S.) (800K copies); 1-hit wonder. John Lee Hooker (1917-2001), Travelin' (album); incl. No Shoes. Johnny Horton (1925-60), North to Alaska (#1 country), Sink the Bismarck (#6 country). Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 11 ("All Men Are Brothers"), Op. 186; Symphony No. 14 ("Ararat"), Op. 194. The Hunters, Teen Scene; from Cheshunt, England, incl. Brian Parker, Norman Stracey, John Rogers, and Norman Sheffield. Brian Hyland (1943-), Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka-Dot Bikini (album); incl. Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka-Dot Bikini (June) (#1 in the U.S.) (2M copies); written by Paul Vance and Lee Pockriss. Frank Ifield (1937-), Lucky Devil (debut). Wanda Jackson (1937-), Let's Have a Party (#37 in the U.S.) (#32 in U.K.). Etta James (1938-2012), At Last! (album #3); incl. Trust in Me (#30 in the U.S.), At Last (#47 in the U.S.) (#2 R&B), All I Could Do Was Cry (#33 in the U.S.), My Dearest Darling (#34 in the U.S.), If I Can't Have You (w/Harvey Fuqua) (#52 in the U.S.), Spoonful (w/Harvey Fuqua) (#78 in the U.S.). Bert Kaempfert (1923-80), Wonderland by Night (album) (first hit); incl. Wonderland by Night (#1 in the U.S. in 1961). Freddie King (1934-76), Have You Ever Loved a Woman. Linda Lawson (1936-), Introducing Linda Lawson (album) (debut). Brenda Lee (1944-), Miss Dynamite (album); incl. I'm Sorry (#1 in the U.S., #12 in the U.K.); (her first #1) (the new "Nashville Sound", adopted by Ray Charles for "Georgia On My Mind"); This is Brenda (album); incl. I Want to Be Wanted (#1 in the U.S., #31 in the U.K.). Jerry Leiber (1933-) and Mike Stoller (1933-), The Leiber-Stoller Big Band (album). Erich Leinsdorf (1912-93), Turandot (album). Abbey Lincoln (1930-2010) and Max Roach (1924-2007), We Insist! (Max Roach's Freedom Now Suite) (album). Hank Locklin (1918-), Please Help Me I'm Falling. Loretta Lynn (1935-), I'm A Honky Tonk Girl; launches her career by self-promoting it in a car tour. Miriam Makeba (1932-2008), Miriam Makeba (album) (debut); The World of Miriam Makeba (album); exiled South African black singer is helped to enter the U.S. by Harry Belafonte (1927-), and becomes a star. Gene McDaniels (1935-), In Times Like These (album) (debut). The Miracles, Shop Around (debut); Motown's 1st #1 R&B hit and first million-selling single; Who's Loving You; William "Smokey" Robinson Jr. (1940-) and his wife Claudette Marie Rogers Robinson (1942-), Ronald "Ronnie" White (1939-95), Peter (Warren) Moore (1939-), Marvin "Marv" Tarplin (1941-). Thelonious Monk (1917-82), Thelonious Monk at the Blackhawk (album #13). Lou Monte (1917-89), Dominick the Italian Christmas Donkey. Wes Montgomery (1925-68), The Incredible Jazz Guitar of Wes Montgomery (album); incl. Four on Six. Jane Morgan (1924-), Romantica. Bob Newhart (1929-), The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (album) (debut); Am. accountant George Robert "Bob" Newhart (1929-) goes into comedy, and his album becomes the first comedy album to hit #1, saving Warner Brothers Records; best album of the year Grammy. Anthony Newley (1931-99), Love Is a Now and Then Thing (album) (debut); incl. Why?; Do You Mind; If She Should Come to You; Strawberry Fair. Roy Orbison (1936-88), Only the Lonely (May); Blue Angel (Aug.); I'm Hurtin' (Dec.). Edith Piaf (1915-63), Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien (No, I Regret Nothing); becomes her anthem. Platters, Harbor Lights (Jan.); Sleepy Lagoon (Jan.); Ebb Tide (May); Red Sails in the Sunset; To Each His Own (Oct.). The Four Preps, Down by the Station (#13 in the U.S.); More Money for You and Me; parody of "Tom Dooley". Elvis Presley (1935-77), A Touch of Gold Vol. 3 (album) (Feb.); Stuck On You/ Fame and Fortune (Mar.); Elvis Is Back! (album) (Apr.); It's Now or Never/ Mess of Blues (July); based on "O Sole Mio"; G.I. Blues Soundtrack (album) (Oct.); incl. G.I. Blues; Are You Lonesome Tonight/ I Gotta Know (Nov.); His Hand in Mine (album) (Nov.); incl. I Believe in the Man in the Sky. Jim Reeves (1923-64), He'll Have to Go (#1 country) (#2 in the U.S.); "Put your sweet lips a little closer to the phone/ Let's pretend that we're together all alone/ I'll tell the man to turn the jukebox way down low/ And you can tell your friend there with you he'll have to go." Cliff Richard (1940-) and The Shadows, Move On Down the Line. Sviatoslav Richter (1915-97), Brahms: Concerto No. 2 in B-flat, Op. 83 (album). Marty Robbins (1925-82), Big Iron (#5 country) (#26 in the U.S.); Ballad of the Alamo (#34 in the U.S.). Bobby Rydell (1942-), Wild One (#2); Swingin' School (#5); Volare (#4); Sway (#14); Ding A Ling; the Italian-Am. Philly singer starts at the top and systematically slides down the charts as the Beatles Invasion arrives. Pete Seeger (1919-2014), Champlain Valley Songs (album). Pete Seeger (1919-2014) et al., Pete Seeger at the Village Gate with Memphis Slim and Willie Dixon (double album) (1960, 1962) (Folkways Records); incl. Jacob's Ladder, I'm On My Way to Canaan's Land, Hieland Laddie. The Shadows, Man of Mystery; written by Michael Carr (1905-68); Apache. The Shirelles, Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?(#1 in the U.S.) (written by Carole King); Tonight's the Night (#39 in the U.S.); incl. Shirley Owens (Shirley Alston Reeves)/Doris Coley, Doris Jackson, Beverly Lee, and Addie Harris "Micki" McPherson; launches the Girl Group Era. Dinah Shore (1916-94), Dinah Sings, Previn Plays/ Somebody Loves Me (album); Dinah Sings Some Blues with Red. Frank Sinatra (1915-98), Nice 'n' Easy (album); incl. Nice 'n' Easy, Fools Rush In (Where Angels Fear to Tread). Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007), Konstakte (Contacts) (electronic sounds). String-A-Longs, Wheels; sells 7M copies; from Plainview Tex., incl. Jimmy Torres, Richard Stephens. Barrett Strong (1941-2023), Money (That's What I Want) (#2 R&B), West Point, Miss.-born singer releases it after becoming one of the first to sign with Berry Gordy's Tamla Records; covered in Nov. 1963 by The Beatles, and in July 1979 by the Flying Lizards (#5 in the U.K.) (#50 in the U.S.); Strong goes on to work for producer Norman Whitfield and write lyrics for songs recorded by The Temptations. Carla Thomas (1942-), Gee Whiz (Look at His Eyes) (Atlantic Records) (first hit); from Memphis, Tenn.; goes on to become known as "the Queen of Memphis Soul". Johnny Tillotson (1939-), Poetry in Motion (#2 in the U.S.) (#1 in the U.K.). Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner (1939-) and the Ikettes, The Soul of Ike Turner and Tina Turner (album) (debut); incl. A Fool in Love, Whole Lotta Love; Dance with the Kings of Rhythm (album). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), What More Do You Want; Love Me Now; Kookie Little Paradise; Milord. Billy Vaughn (1919-91) and His Orchestra, Look for a Star (#19 in the U.S.). Bobby Vee (1943-), What Do You Want?. The Ventures, Walk Don't Run (album) (debut) (Dec. 5) (#11 in the U.S.); incl. Walk Don't Run (#2 in the U.S.), Perfidia; formed in 1959 in Tacoma, Wash., incl. Don Wilson (guitar), Bob Bogle (guitar), Nokie Edwards (guitar), and Mel Tyler (1934-96) (drums); after no record co. will sign them, they found Horizon Records to distribute it, and they go on to become the #1 instrumental band of all time, with 100M+ records sold, inspiring rockers incl. the Beatles, Stephen Stills, Carl Wilson, Keith Moon, Alan White, Roger Glover et al. T-Bone Walker (1910-75), T-Bone Blues (album). Dionne Warwick (1940-), Don't Make Me Over (#21 in the U.S.); first of 56 Billboard 100 singles written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach. Lawrence Welk Orchestra, Calcutta, Never on Sunday. Jackie Wilson (1934-84), A Woman, A Lover, a Friend; Night; Alone At Last; Stop Doggin' Me Around; Am I the Man. Chester Arthur "Howlin' Wolf" Burnett (1910-76), Back Door Man (by Willie Dixon); Spoonful; Wang Dang Doodle (by Willie Dixon). Kathy Young (1945-) and the Innocents, A Thousand Stars. Movies: John Wayne's The Alamo (Oct. 24), produced by his Batjac Productions for $12M about the 1836 white-is-right Battle of the Alamo stars Wayne as Col. Davy Crockett, Laurence Harvey as Col. William Travis, Richard Widmark as Jim Bowie, and Frankie Avalon as Smitty, who sings Ballad of the Alamo; the Mexican army has 7K extras; John Ford helps Wayne direct the finale; Wayne's son Michael Wayne is assoc. producer, launching his career; the film is full of historical moose hockey, slanted toward Wayne's right-wing views, trying to compare Gen. Santa Anna to Khrushchev and Hitler; Chill Wills plays Beekeeper, then conducts an embarrassing self-promotion campaign for best actor Oscar, comparing voters to his "Alamo Cousins", to which Groucho Marx replies "I am delighted to be your cousin, but I voted for Sal Mineo" losing the award and costing the film even more; ddoes $7.2M box office on a $12M budget, hitting Wayne's pocketbook hard; "The mission that become a fortress. The fortress that became a shrine." Michael Anderson's All the Fine Young Cannibals (Sept. 15), based on the novel by Rosamond Marshall about Chet Baker stars Robert Wagner as Chad Bixby, and Natalie Wood as Sarah "Salome" Davis, who start off dirt poor and end up idle rich; a flop. Edgar G. Ulmer's The Amazing Transparent Man (July) (B&W) stars James Griffith as ex-U.S. Army Maj. Paul Krenner, who forces former POW scientist Dr. Peter Ulof (Ivan Trisault) to build an invisibility machine. Ib Melchior's The Angry Red Planet (Feb.) (Am. Internat. Pictures), starring Gerald Mohr is filmed using the CineMagic process (which takes B&W film and inverts the colors, turning white into blood red), morphing "The Wizard of Oz" experience into giant amoebas and bat-rat-spider-crabs on Mars, becoming a classic of camp; does ? box office on a $200K budget. Billy Wilder's The Apartment (June 15) (The Mirisch Co.) (United Artists), a classic film about the price paid to climb the corporate ladder stars Jack Lemmon as lowly insurance clerk C.C. "Bud" Baxter, who loans his apt. to his bosses, then learns that Mr. Sheldrake (Fred MacMurray) is using it for an affair with his dream girl Fran Kubelik (Shirley MacLaine); does $24.6M box office on a $3M budget; the first million-selling movie theme hit for the Juilliard-trained Am. pianists Arthur Ferrante (1921-2009) and Louis Milton Teicher (1924-2008), who follow it with "The Apartment" (1960), "Tonight" (1961), and "Midnight Cowboy" (1969), causing them to become known as "the Movie Theme Team"; features are magical floating water tap, a home decoration that catches on and ends up duplicated on a large scale around the world incl. Menorca, Spain. Michelangelo Antonioni's L'Avventura (The Adventure) (May) stars Monica Vitti, Gabriele Ferzetti and Lea Massari in a love triangle in which one of them has disappeared on a Mediterranean boating trip; "like trying to follow a showing of a picture at which several reels have got lost" (NYT film critic Bosley Crowther). Edmond T. Greville's B&W Beat Girl (Wild for Kicks) (Oct. 28) is a late-arriving 1950s youth rebellion flick from Britain, starring newbies Gillian Hills (1944-) ("the English Brigitte Bardot") (Barbie Doll lookalike?) and blonde-blue English singer Adam Faith (1940-2003) (a wannabe James Dean?), plus Christopher Lee and Oliver Reed, showing the London underground and its Elvis imitators, strippers, and potheads; topless stripping scenes get it banned for awhile in the U.K., making it more popular?; the music by John Barry confuses rock and roll with a jazz workout by a brass orchestra?; "If it's beat - jazz, that is." Vincente Minnelli's Bells Are Ringing (June 23), based on the Betty Comden play is a musical starring Judy Holliday as Brooklyn telephone operator Ella Peterson, who falls for Jeffrey Moss (Dean Martin) while pretending to be an old woman called Mom. Edgar G. Ulmer's B&W Beyond the Time Barrier (July) stars Robert Clarke as USAF Maj. Bill Allison, who flies an experimental aircraft into suborbital flight, loses radio contact, and discovers that he entered a wormhole and landed in the year 2024 near the underground city of Citadel, run by the Supreme (Vladimir Sokoloff) and his mute telepathic granddaughter Princess Trirene (Darlene Tompkins). Jean-Luc Godard's B&W Breathless (A Bout de Souffle) (Out of Breath) (Mar. 17) is the first feature film of Paris-born dir. Jean-Luc Godard (1930-), catapulting him to the vanguard of French filmmakers, and is the acting debut of Jean-Paul Belmondo (1933-) as itinerant criminal Michel Poiccard; also stars Jean Seberg as his bbe Patricia Franchini; "All you need to make a movie is a girl and a gun" (Godard); "There is the cinema before Godard and the cinema after Godard" (Francois Truffaut). Daniel Mann's BUtterfield 8 (Nov. 2) (MGM), based on the dirty parts of John O'Hara's 1935 novel stars a reluctant Elizabeth Taylor (who didn't want to make the movie, and hops on a plane for London as soon as it wraps to star in "Cleopatra") as glorious wandering New York City ho Gloria Wandrous, who is trying to go straight, along with her hubby Steve Carpenter (Eddie Fisher); she gets an Oscar for it because such a queen could never really be a ho so she's a great actress?; does $10M box office on a $2.8M budget; "The most desirable woman in town and the easiest to find... just call BUtterfield 8". Walter Lang's Can-Can (Mar. 9) (20th Cent. Fox) (Todd AO), based on the 1952 Broadway musical stars Frank Sinatra as Francois, Shirley MacLaine as Simone, Louis Jordan as Philippe, Maurice Chevalier as Paul, and Bombay, India-born Juliet Anne Prowse (1936-96) (film debut) as Claudine; #2 grossing film of 1960 after "Ben-Hur"; does $4.2M box office on a $5M budget; in Sept. 1959 after watching Juliet Prowse dancing on the movie set of Can-Can, he calls the dancers "immoral", "depraved", and "pornographic" saying "A person's face is more beautiful than their ass"; on Sept. 19 he is barred from Disneyland, and throws a tantrum, uttering the soundbyte "Is there an epidemic there? Have gangsters taken over the place?" Ismail Merchant's The Creation of Woman, about Hindu god Brahma is the dir. debut of Indian-born producer-dir. Ismail Merchant (1936-2005). Budd Boetticher's Comanche Station is his last of his seven classic Western films starring Randolph Scott, after which he wastes the rest of his life trying to produce a documentary of his matador friend "Mexican Cyclone" Carlos Arruza (1920-66) until Arruza is killed in an auto wreck, and Boetticher ends up in the asylum before it is released in 1971 and flops, finishing his career. Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (Feb. 3), starring Marcello Mastroianni and Anita Ekberg, about the show biz life in Rome coins the term "paparazzi" (Fr. paperassier, rummager in waste paper) (big daddy rats) for hungry celebrity photographers. Richard Brooks' Elmer Gantry (June 29) (United Arists), based on the 1926 Sinclair Lewis novel stars Burt Lancaster as a smooth-talking ever-smiling small-town Southern evangelist phony who talks his way into a travelling congregation and the bed of Sister Sharon Falconer (Jean Simmons), and jukes the elders into taking on big city Zenith in the state of Winnemac (pop. 361K) while being watched by agnostic reporter Jim Lefferts (Arthur Kennedy), and dumps girlfriend Lulu Baines (Shirley Jones), causing her to turn into a ho then frame him for revenge, causing the crowd to pelt him with garbage, after which the tent burns down and takes Sharon with it, causing him to quit, quoting the Bible verse "When I was a child, I understood as a child and spake as a child. When I became a man I put away childish things" (1 Cor. 13:11); the real fun is watching Bible-thumping Gantry manage to condemn Biblical Creation with faint praise?; does $5.2M box office on a $3M budget. Tony Richardson's B&W The Entertainer (July 25) (Woodfall Film Productions) (British Lion Films)), produced by Harry Saltzman based on the 1957 John Osborne play, filmed in Morecambe, Lancashire stars Laurence Olivier as failing music hall performer Archie Rice; the film debut of Charlestown, Pendleton-born Albert Finney (1936-) as Archie's son Mick Rice, who is captured by the Egyptians during the Suez Crisis. Roberto Rossellini's Escape by Night (Blackout in Rome) (Era Notte a Roma) (July 31) is about three POWs in a German concentration camp, one Russian (Sergei Bondarchuk), one English (Leo Genn), and one American (Peter Baldwin), who become friends and escape together. Otto Preminger's Exodus (Dec. 16) (United Artists), written by Dalton Trumbo based on the 1958 Leon Uris novel and filmed in Cyprus and Israel stars Paul Newman, Sal Mineo, Eva Marie Saint, Lee J. Cobb, Gregory Ratoff et al. as heroic good-guy Jews trying to ram their way into British-run Palestine after WWII, while the native Muslims are treated like prejudiced throwbacks who should wake up and become their friends?; costs a phenomenal $4.5M to make, and lasts 220 min., doing $20M worldwide box office, causing comedian Mort Sahl to issue the review "Otto, let my people go"; "I will never divulge the name of a fellow member of the Irgun." Georges Franju's horror film Eyes Without a Face (Les Yeux sans visage) (Mar. 2) (Lux Film) (Champs-Elysees Productions), based on the Jean Redon novel stars Pierre Brasseur as plastic surgeon Dr. Genessier, who performs a face transplant on his disfigured daughter Christiane (Edith Scot), with the help of his asst. Louise (Alida Valli) while eluding Inspector Parot (Alexandre Rignault); after censorship, it debuts in the U.S. under the title "The Horror Chamber of Dr. Faustus". Kurt Metzig's First Spaceship on Venus (Feb. 26), produced in East Germany is set in 1985, when a "spool" is found in the Gobi Desert linked to the 1908 Tunguska explosion, causing a spaceship to be sent to Venus to investigate, finding that the Venusians intended to destroy Earth but destroyed themselves first. Norman Taurog's G.I. Blues (Nov. 23) is beanpole-thin Elvis Presley's first flick after leaving the U.S. Army, playing Army specialist Tulsa McLean, who sings and dreams of leaving it while being allowed to dye his hair jet black and wear mascara; co-stars Juliet Prowse as his babe Lili; features the Bert Kaempfert song Wooden Heart. Pier Paolo Passolini's The Gospel According to St. Matthew (Oct. 2) stars Enrique Irazoqi as a Marxist Christ. Blake Edwards' High Time (Sept. 16) stars Bing Crosby as 51-y.-o. widower Harvey Howard, who decides to go to college with Gil Sparrow (Fabian) and Joy Elder (Tuesday Weld); Crosby sings High Time, and Second Time Around. Vincente Minnelli's Home from the Hill (Mar. 3) (MGM), based on the 1958 William Humphrey novel (title taken from the last line of Robert Louis Stepvenson's poem "Requiem") about a wealthy Tex. family stars Robert Mitchum as Capt. Wade Hunnicutt, and Eleanor Parker as his wife, who hooks up with Wade's illegitimate son George Peppard, while his half-brother George Hamilton vies for another woman with him; does $5.075M box office on a $2.35M budget. Roger Corman's House of Usher (June 18) (Am. Internat. Pictures), based on the 1893 Edgar Allan Poe story "The Fall of the House of Usher" stars Mark Damon as Philip Winthrop, who visits the Usher Mansion to see his babe Madeline Usher (Myrna Fahey), and discovers that she and her brother Roderick Usher (Vincent Price) have a mysterious illness based on a family curse; does $1.45M box office, causing Corman to go into the Poe horror movie biz, incl. "The Pit and the Pendulum" (1961), "The Premature Burial" (1962), "Tales of Terror" (1962), "The Raven" (1963), "The Haunted Palace" (1963), "The Masque of the Red Death" (1964), and "The Tomb of Ligeia" (1965). Vincent Sherman's Ice Palace (Jan. 2), based on the 1958 Edna Ferber novel about Alaska's road to statehood stars Richard Burton as Zeb Kennedy, Thor Storm as Robert Ryan, and Carolyn Jones as Bridie Ballantyne; blonde-blue newbie Diane McBain (1941-) (billed as Hollywood's next Marilyn Monroe) makes her feature film debut as Christine Storm. Stanley Kramer's Inherit the Wind (Nov. 1), about the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial stars Spencer Tracy as Clarence Darrow, monkey-looking Dick York as John Scopes, and Fredric March as the bad guy prosecutor William Jennings Bryan. Aram Avakian's and Bert Stern's Jazz on a Summer's Day, filmed at the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival in R.I. features performances by Louis Armstrong, Chuck Berry, Mahalia Jackson, Anita O'Day, Anita O'Day, Dinah Washington et al. Basil Dearden's B&W The League of Gentlemen (Apr. 5) (British Lion Films), written by Bryan Forbes based on the 1958 John Boland novel stars Jack Hawkins (as Lt. Col. Norman Hyde), Nigel Patrick (as Maj. Peter Race), Bryan Forbes (as Capt. Martin Porthill), and Richard Attenborough (as Lt. Edward Lexy) as a group of military-style bank robbers. Roger Corman's B&W The Little Shop of Horrors (Sept. 14) (original title "The Passionate People Eater") (The Filmgroup) (Am. Internat. Pictures), a comedy written by Charles B. Griffith stars Jonathan Haze as flower shop worker Seymour Krelboyne, who creates man-eating talking plant Audrey Jr. (voiced by Griffith) from seeds he got from a "Japanese gardener over on Central Avenue", and works to get it good food; Jackie Joseph plays his coworker babe Audrey Fulquard; Mel Welles plays shop owner Gravis Mushnick; Jack Nicholson plays Wilbur Force; gains a cult following before getting turned into a musical in 1982, and refilmed in 1986. John Sturges' Western The Magnificent Seven (Oct. 23) (Mirisch Co.) (United Artists), based on Akira Kurosawa's 1954 film "Seven Samurai" set in a Mexican village stars Russian-born Yul Brynner as Chris Adams, New York City-born Jewish actor Eli Wallach as bandit leader Calvera, Steve McQueen as Vin, Charles Bronson as Bernardo O'Reilly, Robert Vaughan as Lee, James Coburn as knife-throwing Britt, Brad Dexter as Harry Luck, German-Am. actor Horst Buchholz as Chico, and Rosenda Monteros as Petra; Robert J. Wilke fights Britt in a knife-vs.-gun battle; Chris and Vin charge to the cemetery in a hearse; Russian-born Vladimir Sokoloff plays the wise old man; musical score by Elmer Bernstein; remade in 2016. Marcel Ophuls' Matisse ou Le Talent de Bonheur is a documentary narrated by Claude Dauphin and Jeanne Moreau, and is the debut of German-born Am. dir. Marcel Ophuls (Ophüls) (1927-), who becomes known for his documentaries. Jules Dassin's Never on Sunday (May) stars Melina Mercouri, "the last Greek goddess" as Illya, the top ho in Piraeus, Greece, whom U.S. scholar Homer Thrace (Jules Dassin) tries to save, while her pimp Mr. No Face finances him behind the scenes to lure her into retiring because her independence is a bad example; features the hit song "Never on Sunday", which becomes the first foreign-made film song to win an Oscar; "Where do you learn all those languages?" (Homer); "In bed" (Illya). Nagisa Oshima's Night and Fog in Japan (Oct. 9) expresses dissilusionment with the left and right, and is pulled from theaters after a Socialist leader is assassinated by a right-wing extremist, after which Oshima forms his own independent film co. Henry Hathaway's North to Alaska (Nov. 7), based on a play by Laszlo Fodor stars John Wayne as Seattle prospector Sam McCord, who strikes it rich in Nome with his partner George Pratt (Stewart Granger) and get in a war with crooked bar owner Frankie Canon (Ernie Kovacs), ex-beau of hot French babe Michelle "Angel" Bonet (Capucine), who chases real man Wayne in a triangle, no, quadrangle with young squirt Billy Pratt (Fabian), who sniffs her every chance he can, his bumbling boy-man down-on-one-knee ("I'd rather smell you") act ruining his sex symbol singing career?; "Ah, women! I never met one yet that was half as reliable as a horse" (Wayne); a little song about Michelle sung by Granger is Paul McCartney's inspiration for "Michelle"? Michael Powell's Peeping Tom (May 16) (Anglo-Amalgamated Film Distributors) is a horror film written by Leo Marks starring Carl Boehm as Mark Lewis, who murders women to observe their faces while he films them, and Anna Massey as his next victim, his fiancee Helen Stephens; Powell plays Boehm's daddy, who got him started; too bad, it's too good, and so freaks the moviegoers that it ruins Powell's dir. career in the U.K.; in the 1970s it gains a cult following, causing Powell to write the soundbyte: "I make a film that nobody wants to see and then, thirty years later, everybody has either seen it or wants to see it." George Sidney's Pepe (Dec. 20) stars Mexican star Mario "Cantinflas" Moreno (1911-93) as a hired hand who travels to Hollywood to buy back a white stallion for his boss, and meets stars incl. Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, Maurice Chevalier, and Zsa Zsa Gabor; too bad, the jokes don't translate well from Spanish to English, ending Cantinflas' Hollywood career; Judy Garland sings The Faraway Part of Town by Andre Previn (1929-) and Dory Previn (1925-). David Swift's Pollyanna (May 19), a Disney production based on the 1913 Eleanor H. Porter novel stars Hayley Mills as a 12-y.-o. orphan who only sees the best in life in small town Harrington, run by her mean rich Aunt Polly (Jane Wyman), who tries to stop a new orphanage from being built; Karl Malden plays Rev. Paul Ford, Agnes Moorehead plays hypochrondriac Mrs. Snow, Adolphe Menjou plays old recluse Mr. Pendergast, Kevin Corcoran plays Jimmy Bean, and Richard Egan plays Dr. Edmond Chilton; filmed at the Mableton Mansion at 1015 McDonald Ave., Santa Rosa, Calif.; spawns the Pollyanna Principle (Effect) of Margaret W. Matlin and David J. Stang in 1978, that people tend to agree with positive statements about themselves. Rene Clement's Purple Noon (Mar. 10) (Paris Film), based on the 1955 Patricia Highsmith novel "The Talented Mr. Ripley" stars handsome, clean-cut Alain Fabien Maurice Marcel Delon (1935-) in his major film debut as Am. freelloader Tom Ripley in his major film debut, who kills rich Frenchman Philippe Greenleaf (Maurice Ronet) and impersonates him and steals his babe Marge Duval (Marie Laforet); a hit in France, it makes Delon a star and sex symbol through the 1970s; does $618K box office. Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (June 16) (Paramount Pictures) (his last B&W film), based on the 1959 novel by horror writer Robert Bloch (1917-94) based on an actual murder stars Anthony Perkins as bird-taxidermy-loving momma's boy Norman Bates (based on real-life serial killer Ed Gein), owner of the 12-room Bates Motel (15 mi. from Fairvale), where fleeing (Fri., Dec. 11) Phoenix, Ariz. thief Marie Samuels, er, Marion Crane (Janet Leigh) (license plate #NFB-418) (who stole $40K from 'her real estate employer of 10 years) checks into room #1 and receives a bloody shower death at the hands of a mad slasher grandma in the classic Psycho Shower Scene; first Hollywood film to show a flushing toilet; Bernard Hermann's scary music uses only strings; "She's as harmless as one of those stuffed birds" (Norman); also stars John Gavin as Leigh's beau Sam, Vera Miles as her sister Lila, and Martin Balsam as detective Arbogast; theater owners are told not to allow seating after the movie begins; shot on a low budget in only 1 mo.; uses chocolate sauce for blood in the 45-sec. 78-frame 70-camera-setup shower scene, which occurs 30 min. into the film, and changes the horror movie genre forever; a double is used for Perkins to make it harder to guess who it is; "A boy's best friend is his mother"; when an angry father writes to Hitchcock that his daughter quit bathing after the 1954 French film "Les Diaboliques", and now won't shower, he replies "Send her to the dry cleaners"; NYT film critic Bosley Crowther calls the film "a blot on an otherwise honorable career." Luchino Visconti's Rocco and His Brothers (Rocco i Suoi Fratelli) (Aug.) is about four brothers moving with their widowed mother Rosaria Parondi (Katina Paxinou) to Milan; Alain Delon plays son Rocco Parondi. Lee Kresel's Saiyu-ki is a Japanime about a monkey king who learns the secrets of magic. Karel Reisz's B&W Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (Oct. 27) (Woodfall Film Productions) (Bryanston Films), based on the 1958 Alan Sillitoe novel stars 23-y.-o. Albert Finney as working class Arthur Seaton of Nottingham, who pursues old-fashoned Doreen (Shirley Anne Field) while having an affair with older married Brenda (Rachel Roberts), who gets preggers, drawing her hubby Jack's (Bryan Pringle) revenge, causing Doreen to pussy-whip him into going straight?; Reisz's first feature film. Jack Cardiff's Scent of Mystery (Jan. 12) stars Denholm Elliott and Peter Lorre, who are involved in a plot to kill an Am. tourist (Beverly Bentley) in Spain; Michael Todd Jr. introduces the theater gimmick of Smell-O-Vision for the stinker. Henry Hathaway's Seven Thieves (Mar. 11) stars Edward G. Robinson as discredited prof. Theo Wilkins, who teams up with sophisticated thief Rod Steiger to pick a team and pull off one last big job, a Monte Carlo casino vault; also stars Joan Collins and Eli Wallach. Francois Truffaut's Shoot the Piano Player (Tirez sur le pianiste) (Nov. 25) (Les Films de la Pleaide) (Les Films du Carrosse), based on the David Goodis novel "Down There" is a comical movie about gangsters based on the David Goodis novel "Down There", starring Charles Aznavour as washed-up classical pianist Charlie Kohler/Edouard Saroyan, whose wife commits suicide, ending up in a dive bar in Paris where waitress Lena (Marie Dubois) falls in love with him; it started out serious until Truffaut decided he hated them too much. Charles Vidor's Song Without End (Oct. 14), about Hungarian pianist-composer Franz Liszt (Dirk Bogarde) and his scandalous affairs is the film debut of classic patrician bone structure French actress Capucine (1928-90), and Vidor's last film, as he dies during filming, and George Cukor finishes it, changing the style midstream. Jack Cardiff's Sons and Lovers (May) stars Dean Stockwell, Trevor Howard, and Wendy Hiller as young lovers experiencing it for the first time. Stanley Kubrick's and Anthony Mann's Spartacus (Oct. 7) (Universal Internat.), written by Dalton Trumbo based on the 1951 Howard Fast novel about the Servile Revolt of 73-71 B.C.E., with a cast of 10.5K stars Kirk Douglas (the exec. producer, who raised the $12M production cost, and had to talk Olivier out of the part) as the Thracian slave gladiator, Laurence Olivier as Sen. Marcus Licinius Crassus (richest man in Rome), Charles Laughton as Sen. Sempronius Gracchus, Tony Curtis as snail-hating literate Sicilian slave Antoninus, Jean Simmons as Spartacus' babe Varinia, Peter Ustinov as gladiator school owner Lentulus Batiatus, John Dall as Graccus' protege Marcus Publius Glabrus, Nina Foch as her black buck-loving sister Helena, Herbert Lom as Cilician pirate Tigranes Levantus, Woody Strode as Ethopian gladiator Draba, Charles McGraw as gladiator trainer Marcellus, and John Gavin as Julius Caesar; musical score by Alex North; the battle scenes were filmed outside Madrid, using 8K Spanish infantrymen; "When just one man says no I won't, Rome begins to fear"; "My taste includes both snails and oysters"; "When a free man dies, he loses the pleasure of life. A slave loses his pain. Death is the only freedom a slave knows. That's why he's not afraid of it. That's why we'll win"; "I'm Spartacus!" Fred Zinneman's The Sundowners (Dec. 8) (Warner Bros.) stars Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum as 1920s Australian sheep drovers Ida and Paddy Carmody, who fight over settling down or keeping on the move; does $3.8M box office on a ? budget. Ken Annakin's Swiss Family Robinson (Dec. 21), based on the 1812 Johann David Wyss novel stars John Mills and Dorothy McGuire as Father and Mother Robinson, Tommy Kirk and Kevin Corcoran as brothers Ernst and Francis, and Milton Reid as a pirate. George Pal's The Time Machine (Aug. 17) (MGM), based on the 1895 H.G. Wells novel stars Rod Taylor as Wells, who travels forward to the year 802,701, watching humans destroy their own civilization and their descendants degenerate into the deep-dwelling cannibalistic Morlocks and the surface-dwelling food animal Eloi; Alan Young plays David/James Filby, and Yevette Mimieux plays Weena the Eloi, who is worth going back, er, forward for. Ronald Neame's Tunes of Glory (Dec. 20), based on the James Kennaway novel stars Alec Guinness as easygoing Maj. Jock Sinclair, 2nd-in-command of a Scottish Highland regiment, who is passed over by disciplinarian Lt. Col. Basil Barrow (John Mills). Wolf Rilla's B&W Village of the Damned (Dec. 7) (MGM) is a sci-fi horror film based on the 1957 novel "The Midwich Cuckoos" by John Wyndham about English children with ray-gun eyes who are the vanguard of an alien invasion, starring George Sanders as Prof. Gordon Zellaby; does $2.175M box office on a $320K budget; followed by the even better 1964 B&@ sequel The Children of the Damned, dir. by Anton M. Leader, and a 1995 remake Village of the Damned, set in N Calif., dir. by John Carpenter and starring Christopher Reeve; "Beware the stare that will paralyze the will of the world." Luis Bunuel's Viridiana stars Silvia Pinal as a Spanish virgin who is drugged by her lecherous uncle, who then repents and doesn't touch her, but lies to her anyway, then dies, leaving her his estate, which she turns into a home for beggars after becoming a nun named you know what. Richard Murphy's The Wackiest Ship in the Army (Dec. 20 (Columbia Pictures), filmed in Pearl Harbor and Kauai stars Jack Lemmon and Ricky Nelson; based on the real-life USS Echo, a 40-year-old schooner that was transferred to the U.S. Navy from the govt. of New Zealand and returned in 1944 after being put under U.S. Army command. Henry Levin's Where the Boys Are (Dec. 28), about white college girls going to Fort Lauderdale for Easter vacation (causing a craze) features the film debuts of wholesome Connie Francis (1938-) (the singer) and Paula Prentiss (1938-), who wear modest swim suits and only date white boys, and only have sex (straight missionary, once a week?) after marriage (and only for procreation?); George Hamilton and Jim Hutton are the boys, and Yvette Mimieux and Dolores Hart are the other two girls; features Connie Francis singing Where the Boys Are by Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield; Hart goes on to become Mother Dolores Hart, prioress at the Abbey of Regina Laudis in Bethlehem, Conn. - 40 years later we have porn superstar and multi-millionaire porn producer Jenna Jameson? Elia Kazan's Wild River (Mar. 26) (20th Cent. Fox), based on novels by Borden Deal and William Bradford Huie stars Montgomery Clift as whimpy but persistent TVA admin. Chuck Glover, who trieds to convince stubborn widow Ella Garth (Jo Van Fleet) to vacate her lifelong island home on Tennessee River before the new dam is completed, and hooks up with 21-y.-o. widowed wild ride (Ella's granddaughter) Carol Garth Baldwin (Lee Remick), putting him into conflict with her suitor Walter Clark (Frank Overton), and bully R.J. Bailey (Albert Salmi), who doesn't want his farm workers leaving for the TVA's better wages of $5/day, which are given equally to African-Am. workers; the screen debut of Bruce Dern as Jack Roper; despite the need to fight the pain from his May 12, 1956 automobile accident, Clift agrees to stay off the pills and booze during filming; does ? box office on a $1.6M budget. Plays: George Abbott (1887-1995), Jerome Weidman (1913-98), Jerry Bock (1928-), and Sheldon Harnick (1924-), Tenderloin (46th St. Theater, New York) (Oct. 17) (216 perf.); sequel to "Fiorello!", about Charles Henry Parkhurst (1842-1933). Edward Albee (1928-2016), Fam and Yam; The Death of Bessie Smith (1-act play); her death after being refused treatment at a whites-only hospital. Lionel Bart (1930-99), Fings Ain't Wot They Used t'Be (musical) (Garrick Theatre, London) (886 perf.); Oliver! (musical) (New Theatre, West End, London) (June 30) (2,618 perf.) (Imperial Theater, New York) (Jan. 6, 1963) (774 perf.); based on Charles Dickens' 1837 novel "Oliver Twist"; dir. by Peter Coe; stars Ron Moody as Fagin, and Georgia Brown as Nancy; Broadway production stars Davy Jones as the Artful Dodger; filmed in 1968; features the songs Food, Glorious Food, Fine Life, Oliver!, Where Is Love?, Oom-Pah-Pah, Consider Yourself, You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two, I'd Do Anything, As Long As He Needs Me. Robert Oxton Bolt (1924-95), A Man for All Seasons (Globe Theatre, London) (July 1) ( ANTA Playhouse, New York) (Nov. 22, 1961 (620 perf.); about Sir Thomas More (1478-1535), played by Paul Scofield; written by an agnostic Socialist who admires his will to stand up to a king; "What matters is not that it's true, but that I believe it; or no, not that I believe it, but that I believe it"; filmed in 1966 starring Paul Scofield, and in 1988 starring Charlton Heston. Ray Bradbury (1920-2012), The Meadow; started out as a 1947 radio drama. Marc Camoletti (1923-2003), Boeing-Boeing (Theatre de la Comedie-Caumartin, Paris) (Dec. 10); Parisian architect Bernard, his housekeeper Bertha, his school chum Robert, and his airline hostess fiancees Gabriella (Italian), Gloria (American), and Gretchen (German); debuts at the Apollo Theatre in London in 1962, starring Beverly Cross, going for 2K perf. by 1969, becoming the most performed play in the world to date. Cy Coleman (1929-2004), Carolyn Leigh (1926-83), and N. Richard Nash (1913-2000), Wildcat (musical) (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Dec. 16) (171 perf.); dir. and choreographed by Michael Kidd; stars 48-y.-o. Lucille Ball (her only musical) as Wildcat "Wildy" Jackson in 1912 oil boom town Centavo City, and Keith Andes (after Kirk Douglas turns it down) as her partner Joe Dynamite; stars Paula Stewart as Jane Jackson; Valerie Harper is in the chorus; shuts down after Ball suffers a lingering illness and fatigue; features the song Hey, Look Me Over. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), Up a Gum Tree. Dario Fo (1926-), He Had Two Pistols with White and Black Eyes. Christopher Fry (1907-2005), Duel of Angels (Apr. 19); based on Jean Giraudoux's "Pour Lucrece". Lillian Hellmann (1905-84), Toys in the Attic (Hudson Theater, New York) (Feb. 25) (556 perf.); loser Julian Beniers (Jason Robards Jr.) takes a new bride and moves in with his wealthy adoring spinster sisters in New Orleans, then stays for 34 years to get his hands on their $157K inheritance. Wolfgang Hildesheimer (1916-91) and Gunter Eich (1907-72), Herrn Walsers Raben. Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), Apprendre a Marcher. Frederick Knott (1916-2002), Write Me a Murder (Belasco Theater, New York) (Oct.); stars Kim Hunter and Denholm Elliott. Alan Jay Lerner (1918-86) and Frederic Loewe (1901-88), Camelot (musical) (Oct. 1) (O'Keefe Centre, Toronto) (Dec. 3) (Majestic Theatre, New York) (873 perf.); based on the 1958 T.H. White novel "The Once and Future King"; Richard Burton's only appearance in a musical, as King Arthur; also stars Julie Andrews, as Queen Guinevere, Roddy McDowell as Mordred, Robert Goulet as Sir Lancelot, and John Cullum as Sir Dinadan in their first Broadway roles; pres.-elect JFK attends a perf., launching the Camelot legend of his admin. Ira Levin (1929-2007), Critic's Choice (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Dec. 14) (189 perf.); inspired by drama critic Walter Kerr (1913-96) and his wife Jean Kerr (1922-2003), about critic Parker Ballantine, whose 2nd wife Angela writes a terrible play which he has to review. Micheal MacLiammoir (1899-1978), The Importance of Being Oscar; 1-man show based on the plays of Oscar Wilde. Loring Mandel (1928-), Advise and Consent (Cort Theatre, New York) (Nov. 17) (212 perf.); based on the 1959 Allen Drury novel; stars Ed Begley, Richard Kiley, Chester Morris, and Barnard Hughes. Felicien Marceau (1913-), La Mort de Neron; L'Etouffe-Chretien. Henri de Montherlant (1895-1972), Le Cardinal d'Espagne (The Spanish Cardinal). John Mortimer (1923-2009), The Wrong Side of the Park (London). George Ault "Tad" Mosel Jr. (1922-2008), All the Way Home (Pulitzer Prize) (Belasco Theater, New York) (Nov. 30) (334 perf.); based on the 1957 James Agee novel "A Death in the Family", set in Knoxville, Tenn. in 1915; stars Colleen Dewhurst (1924-91), Arthur Hill, Aline MacMahon, and Lillian Gish. N. Richard Nash (1913-2000), Cy Coleman (1929-2004) and Carolyn Leigh (1926-83), Wildcat (musical) (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Dec. 11) (171 perf.); stars Lucille Ball as Wildcat "Wildy" Jackson and Keith Andes as Joe Dynamite in 1912 Centavo City; features the song "Hey, Look Me Over". Alwin Nikolais (1910-93), Totem. Sean O'Casey (1880-1964), The Drums of Father Ned: A Mickrocosm of Ireland (Queens Theatre, London) (Nov. 8). Robert Pinget (1919-97), La Manivelle (The Crank) (The Barrel Organ); tr. by Samuel Becket as "The Old Tune", and broadcast on BBC radio on Aug. 23. Harold Pinter (1930-2008), The Dumb Waiter (Hampstead Theatre Club) (Jan. 21); hit men Ben and Gus wait for their victim in a basement that has a you know what; The Caretaker (Arts Theatre, Westminster, London) (Apr. 27) (Duchess Theatre, West End, London) (May 30) (444 perf.); his first major success; about two brothers and a tramp, becoming a psychological study of power, allegiance, and corruption; filmed in 1964 by Clive Donner starring Alan Bates as Mick, Donald Pleasence as Davies, and Robert Shaw as Aston (replacing Peter Woodthorpe). Pope John Paul II (1920-2005), The Jeweler's Shop: A Meditation on the Sacrament of Matrimony, Passing on Occasion into Drama; three intertwined couples, Andrew and Teresa, Stefan and Anna, and Christopher and Monica, and how they know they are in love. Terence Rattigan (1911-77), Ross; RAF recruit Ross is blackmailed by a fellow recruit; inspired by T.E. Lawrence "of Arabia"; too bad, David Lean is filming his "Lawrence of Arabia", causing Dirk Bogarde to bug out of a film version. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Chateau en Suede (Chateau in Sweden). Harvey Lester Schmidt (1929-) and Tom Jones (1928-), The Fantasticks (musical) (Sullivan St. Playhouse, New York) (May 3) (17,162 perf.) (world's longest-running musical until ?); based on the play "Les Romanesques" (The Romancers) by Edmond Rostand; two fathers fake a feud and put up a wall between their houses so that reverse psychology will cause their children to fall in love, then hire actors to stage a mock abduction so that Matt can become a hero saving Luisa; later they discover the plot and separate, then return having learned from the world that they really love each other; uses the word "rape" to mean abduction (Lat. rapere), pissing-off the PC police; filmed in 1995; features the songs Try to Remember, and Soon It's Gonna Rain. Wole Soyinka (1934-), A Dance of the Forests; presented at the 1960 Nigerian Independence Day celebrations, warning Nigerians about post-colonial mistakes, pissing-off the elitists. Charles Strouse (1928-), Lee Adams (1924-), and Michael Stewart (1924-87), Bye Bye Birdie (musical) (Martin Beck Theatre, New York) (Apr. 14) (607 perf.); Elvis clone Conrad Birdie (Dick Gautier) is about to be inducted into the U.S. Army, and awards lucky 15-.y.-o. Kim MacAfee (Susan Watson) of Sweet Apple, Ohio an all-American goodbye kiss on the Ed Sullivan Show, making her beau Hugo Peabody (Michael J. Pollard) jealous; features the song Hymn for a Sunday Evening, a salute to Ed Sullivan, sung by Mr. Harry MacAfee (Paul Lynde) and Mrs. McAfee (Marijane Maricle); also features the songs How Lovely to Be a Woman, Put on a Happy Face (sung by Dick Van Dyke), and The Telephone Hour. Jule Styne (1905-94), Betty Comden (1917-2006), and Adolph Green (1914-2002), Do Re Mi (musical) (St. James Theater, New York) (Dec. 26) (400 perf.); stars Phil Silvers and Nancy Walker. Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), Las Meninas. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), The Best Man (Morosco Theatre, New York) (Mar. 31) (520 perf.); about the Dem. Nat. Convention in Philly and rival candidates Bill Russell and Joe Cantwell; written the same year that Vidal runs for Congress from N.Y. as a Dem., backed by Eleanor Roosevelt, Paul Newman, and Joanne Woodward, winning more votes in his district than JFK but losing; stars Melvyn Douglas, Lee Tracy, and Frank Lovejoy; Ronald Reagan lost the lead role because he didn't look presidential enough; "May the best man win." Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Period of Adjustment (Helen Hayes Theatre, New York) (Nov. 10) (132 perf.); stars James Daley and Barbara Baxley. Meredith Willson (1902-84) and Richard Morris (-1996), The Unsinkable Molly Brown (musical) (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (Nov. 3) (532 perf.); stars Tammy Grimes as Molly (really Maggie) Brown; features the songs "I Ain't Down Yet", "Belly Up to the Bar, Boys". Poetry: Louis Aragon (1897-1982), Les Poetes. W.H. Auden (1907-73), Homage to Clio. John Betjeman (1906-84), Summoned by Bells. Paul Blackburn (1926-71), Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), El Hacedor. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), The Octopus Frontier. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000), The Bean Eaters; incl. We Real Cool; "We real cool. We/ Left school. We/ Lurk Late. We/ Strike straight. We/ Sing sin. We/ Thin gin. We/ Jazz June. We/ Die soon." Aime Cesaire (1913-2008), Ferrements. Gregory Corso (1930-2001), The Happy Birthday of Death. Hilda Doolittle (1886-1961), Bid Me to Live (A Madrigal). Robert Edward Duncan (1919-88), The Opening of the Field (debut); incl. "Often I Am Permitted to Return to a Meadow". Richard Eberthart (1904-2005), Collected Poems, 1930-1960 Gunnar Ekelof (1907-68), A Molna (Mölna) Elegy. Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), Six Plus One Remorses for the Sky. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Voyage Home (debut). Randall Jarrell (1914-65), The Woman at the Washington Zoo; "You know what I was,/ You see what I am: change me, change me!" Patrick Kavanagh (1904-67), Come Dance with Kitty Strobling and Other Poems. Galway Kinnell (1927-2014), What a Kingdom It Was (debut). Phyllis McGinley (1905-78), Sugar and Spice: The ABC of Being a Girl; illustrations by Colleen Browning; Times Three: Selected Verse from Three Decades (Pulitzer Prize). W.S. Merwin (1927-), The Drunk in the Furnace; about old drunk Orpheus; "Where he gets his spirts/ it's a mystery/ But the stuff keeps him musical". Howard Moss (1922-87), A Winter Come, A Summer Gone: Poems, 1946-60. Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), The Love Poems of Kenneth Patchen; Because It Is. Sylvia Plath (1932-63), The Colossus and Other Poems (Oct.) (debut); "My hours are married to shadow./ No longer do I listen for the scrape of a keel/ On the blank stones of the landing". Salvatore Quasimodo (1901-68), The Selected Writing of Salvatore Quasimodo; first major collection in English. Anne Sexton (1928-74), To Bedlam and Part Way Back. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), The Darkness Surrounds Us (debut). George Starbuck (1931-96), Bone Thoughts (debut). William Stafford (1914-93), West of Your City (debut). Paul West (1930-), The Spellbound Horses. Novels: Kobo Abe (1924-93), Eyes of Stone (Ishoi no Me). Chinua Achebe (1930-2013), No Longer at Ease. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), The Interpreter (Bow Down to Nul); about Earthling Gary Towler, who defies the 3-armed giant aliens who run the Partussy Earth Co-Prosperity Sphere of 4M planets. Eric Ambler (1909-98), Passage of Arms. Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), Take a Girl Like You; Jenny Bunn is seduced by her schoolmaster Patrick Standish. Poul Anderson (1926-2001), The High Crusade; a spaceship lands in 1345 England. Uell Stanley Andersen (1917-1986), The Other Jesus. Jerzy Andrzejewski (1909-), Gates of Paradise (Bramy Raju); the Children's Crusade of 1212; trans. from Polish to English in 1978; the entire 40K-word novel is written as one sentence with no punctuation - you'll never guess who's checking into the celebrity rehab? Miguel Angel Asturias (1899-1974), The Eyes of the Interred. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The House of Five Talents. Stan Barstow (1928-2011), A Kind of Loving (first novel); Vic Brown of Cressley, England and his struggle to work up from working class to white collar by courting Ingrid; spawns the term "lad-lit."; filmed in 1962. John Barth (1930-), The Sot-Weed Factor; 17th cent. poet and tobacco planter Ebenezer Cooke, new poet laureate of Md. meets old bugger Isaac Newton, travels to Md. and meets John Smith and Pocahantas while trying to preserve his virginity; based on a real book pub. in 1708; father Andrew Cooke, twin sister Anna Cooke, tutor Henry Burlingame, manservant Bertrand Burton, poets Ben Oliver, Dick Merriwether, and Tom Trent, Joan Toast and John McEvoy - TLW's favorite novel besides Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings", or is he just jerking you around because it's a historical novel? H.E. Bates (1905-74), An Aspidistra in Babylon: Four Novellas; When the Green Woods Laugh. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), Sail a Crooked Ship; filmed in 1961; Sinbad the Sailor; hit children's book. Don Berry (1931-2001), Trask. Wendell Berry (1934-), Nathan Coulter (Apr.) (first novel); the citizens of Port William, Ky. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Tete (Tête) Blanche. William Peter Blatty (1928-), Which Way to Mecca, Jack? (first novel). Robert Bloch (1917-94), The Dead Beat; Pleasant Dreams: Nightmares (short stories). Kay Boyle (1902-92), Generation Without Farewell. Bryher (1894-1983), Ruan; druids in the Scillies of W Cornwall in the 6th cent. C.E. Michel Butor (1926-), Degres (Degrés); Repertoire I. Dino Buzzati (1906-72), Il Grande Ritratto. John Dickson Carr (1906-77), In Spite of Thunder; Dr. Gideon Fell solves the case of a suicide at Berchtesgaden in 1939. Carlo Cassola (1917-87), La Ragazza di Bube (Bebo's Girl); internat. bestseller; filmed by Luigi Comencini in 1963. Louis-Ferdinand Celine (1894-1961), Nord (North); pt. 2 of his Exile Trilogy. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding and a Selection of Entrees (Oct. 24); first with stories of both Hercule Poirot and Miss Jane Marple. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), The Patriot; 17-y.-o. Melvin Isaacs in WWII naval aviation school. Richard Condon (1915-96), Some Angry Angel. William Conton (1925-), The African. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), Fenwick Houses. Julio Cortazar (1914-84), The Winners (Los Premios). Roald Dahl (1916-90), Kiss Kiss (short stories). Lionel Davidson (1922-2009), The Night of Wenceslas (first novel); 24-y.-o. Londoner Nicolas Whistler goes on a business trip to Prague and gets into spy trouble; big hit, pub. in a green Penguin jacket; filmed in 1964 as "Hot Enough for June". E.L. Doctorow (1931-), Welcome to Hard Times (first novel); Bad Man from Bodie comes to Hard Times, S.D.; an attempt to prove that the promise of a better life on the Am. Western frontier is hollow? Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Le Lis et le Lion (The Lily and the Lion). Lawrence Durrell (1912-90), Clea; last in the Alexandria Quartet (begun 1957). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), With the Gypsy Girls. Harlan Ellison (1934-), The Man with Nine Lives (The Sound of a Scythe). Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Golden River. Ian Fleming (1908-64), For Your Eyes Only (short stories) (Apr. 11); James Bond 007; contains "From a View to a Kill" (filmed in 1985), "For Your Eyes Only" (filmed in 1971), "Quantum of Solace" (filmed in 2008), "Risico", and "The Hildebrand Rarity" (filmed in 1989 as "License to Kill"). Pamela Frankau (1908-67), Road Through the Woods. Shichiro Fuzakawa (1914-87), The Story of a Dream of Courtly Elegance (Furyu Mutan); a leftist takes over the Japanese Imperial Palace and beheads crown prince Akihito and princess Michiko before cheering crowds; pisses-off ultra-nationalists, who on Feb. 1, 1961 break into the home of his publisher Shimanaka Hoji, kill a maid, and wound his wife, causing Fuzakawa to go into hiding for life. George Garrett (1929-2008), The Finished Man (first novel); political drama in Fla. Romain Gary (1914-80), La Promesse de l'Aube (Promise at Dawn). Witold Gombrowicz (1904-69), Pornografia. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Our Visit to Niagara (short stories). Joe Gores (1931-), A Time of Predators (first novel). A.B. Guthrie Jr. (1901-91), The Big It and Other Stories. Arthur Hailey (1920-2004), In High Places. L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), Facial Justice. L.P. Hartley and Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Bachelors; "Daylight was appearing over London, the great city of bachelors." James Leo Herlihy (1927-93), All Fall Down (first novel). John Hersey (1914-93), The Child Buyer; a project to engineer high-IQ kids to save the cruddy U.S. school system which can't teach Johnny to read, uh huh huh huh; a mysterious stranger in Pequot tries to buy brain boy Barry Rudd. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), This Sweet Sickness. Edward Hoagland (1932-), The Circle Home; about boxing. H.L. Hunt (1889-1974), Alpaca (first and only novel) - alpaca high-power rifle in Dallas one day? Fannie Hurst (1889-1968), Family! Guillermo Cabrera Infante (1929-2005), In Peace and In War (Asi en la Paz Como en la Guerra). Clifford Irving (1930-), The Valley; mythic Western. Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (1927-), The Householder; New Delhi teacher Prem becomes a householder and has a load of responsibilities; filmed in 1963. Frances Parkinson Keyes (1885-1970), The Chess Players: A Novel of New Orleans and Paris; chess champ Paul Morphy (1837-84). Louis L'Amour (1908-88), Daybreakers; followed in 1961 by Sackett, launching the Sackett Series, about the Sackett family, who come from The Fens of Cambridgeshire, England, and work their way W over the Atlantic to the Great Plains, Rockies, and Calif. Harper Lee (1926-2016), To Kill a Mockingbird (first novel) (Pulitzer Prize) (40M copies) (first woman winner since Ellen Glasgow in 1942); 6-y.-o. Scout (based on herself) and her brother Jem (Jeremy), Atticus Finch (based on her father Amasa and her mother's maiden name Finch), 7-y.-o. tow-headed Dill Harris (based on her childhood friend Truman Capote), Boo Radley in 1930s Maycomb, Ala.; "All I want to be is the Jane Austen of South Alabama" (Lee); in 1975 her publisher announces she's working on her 2nd novel, which is pub. in ?; in July 2015 she pub. "Go Set a Watchman", the first draft of "To Kill a Mockingbird'; "When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow" (first sentence); filmed in 1962 starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. Doris Lessing (1919-2013), In Pursuit of Englishness. Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), Up into the Singing Mountain. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), Decision at Delphi; artist Kenneth Strang. Charles Eric Maine (1921-81), Calculated RiskHe (The Man Who) Owned the World. Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), The Divided Lady. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Secret Mission to Bangkok; Colonel Hugh North Solves the Multi-Million-Dollar Murders. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Harris's Requiem. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), After the Banquet; based on Hachiro Arita's campaign to become gov. of Tokyo. Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), The Young Alexander the Great. Nicholas Monsarrat (1910-79), The Nylon Pirates; card sharks aboard an ocean liner. Brian Moore (1921-99), The Luck of Ginger Coffey. Alan Moorehead (1910-83), The White Nile; Sir Richard Burton (1821-90) and John Hanning Speke (1827-64). Alberto Moravia (1907-90), La Noia (The Empty Canvas). Wright Morris (1910-98), Ceremony in Lone Tree; sequel to "The Field of Vision" (1956). Robert Nathan (1894-1985), The Color of Evening; The Weans. Edna O'Brien (1930-), The Country Girls (first novel); Kate Brady and Baba Brennan; first in the Country Girls Trilogy (1960-4); banned in Ireland for sexual content, making them more popular? Flannery O'Connor (1925-64), The Violent Bear It Away. John O'Hara (1905-70), Ourselves to Know; Sermons and Soda Water: A Trilogy of Three Novellas. Zoe B. Oldenbourg (1916-2002), Les Brules (Destiny of Fire). John Osborne (1929-94), Luther. Milton K. Ozaki (1913-89), Inquest. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Will and the Deed (Where There's a Will); The Heaven Tree; first in the Heaven Tree Trilogy (1960-3), about the days of King John Lackland of England (1166-1216). Anthony Powell (1905-2000), Casanova's Chinese Restaurant (Dance to the Music of Time). Richard P. Powell (1908-99), The Soldier. John Cowper Powys (1872-1963), All or Nothing. Roger Price (1918-90), J.G., The Upright Ape. Jose Soler Puig (1917-96), Bertillon 166 (first novel). Jean Raspail (1925-), Lands Holy and Profane. Paul Mark Scott (1920-78), The Chinese Love Pavilion. Allan Seager (1906-68), Death of Anger. Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), Know Nothing; #3 in the Beulah Quintet about the history of W. Va. (1956-82). Dr. Seuss (1904-91), Green Eggs and Ham (Aug. 12) (Random House); #4 bestselling English-language children's book of all time; uses only 50 different words; banned in China in 1965-91; "I do not like green eggs and ham. I do not like them, Sam-I-Am"; "I do so like green eggs and ham. Thank you. Thank you, Sam-I-Am." Irwin Shaw (1913-84), Two Weeks in Another Town. Nevil Shute (1899-1960), Trustee from the Toolroom. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), The General. Claude Simon (1913-2005), The Flanders Road (Le Route des Flandres); novelist Georges tries in vain to break with tradition. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), The Magician of Lublin; Yasha Mazur in late 19th cent. Poland. Andrei Sinyavsky (1935-), The Trial Begins (Sud Idyot). Vern Sneider (1916-98), The King from Ashtabula. C.P. Snow (1905-80), The Affair. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Ballad of Peckham Rye; working class Dixie Morse is jilted by a class-conscious groom. Elizabeth Spencer (1921-), The Light in the Piazza; a brain-damaged woman is met in a Florentine piazza and courted by an Italian Romeo. David Storey (1933-), This Sporting Life (novel); anti-hero Frank Machin of Wakefield, Yorkshire leaves coal mining for rugby while hooking up with his landlady Mrs. Howard, who calls her "just a great ape" for his testosterone-soaked boorish misogynistic behavior; filmed in 1963 by Lindsay Anderson. Theodore Sturgeon (1918-65), Venus Plus X; Charlie Johns of 61 N. 34th St. is taken to the future world of Ledmon, which has dispensed with gender. William Styron (1925-2006), Set This House on Fire. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), The Grace Divorce. Junichiro Tanizaki (1886-1965), The Key (Kagi). Alexander Trocchi (1925-84), Sappho of Lesbos; Cain's Book; study of heroin addiction; banned in Britain, making it more popular?; too bad, he shoots up live on camera during a TV debate on drug abuse while on bail for supplying heroin to a minor, after which his friends smuggle him over the Canadian border, after which he ends up in anything-goes Venice, Calif., where he begins his Sigma Project to create an internat. "spontaneous university". John Updike (1932-2009), Rabbit, Run; 26-y.-o. ex-high school basketball player kitchen gadget salesman Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom (taken from Beatrix Potter's Peter Rabbit) and his wife Janice of Mount Judge (near Brewer), Penn. and their dysfunctional family life; "What happens when a young American family man goes on the road the people left behind get hurt" (Updike); "If you have the guts to be yourself... other people'll pay your price"; spawns sequels "Rabbit Redux" (1971), "Rabbit is Rich" (1981), "Rabbit At Rest" (1990), "Rabbit Remembered" (2001). Peter Ustinov (1921-2004), The Loser. Jack Vance (1916-2013), The Man in the Cage (first mystery novel). Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Visit to a Small Planet. John B. Wain (1925-94), Nuncle and Other Stories. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Chapman Report. Edward Lewis Wallant (1926-62), The Human Season (first novel). Martin Walser (1927-), Halftime; Dieter Roth presses lit. into sausage and creates "Literature Sausage" (1961); The Gadarene Club. Alec Waugh (1898-1981), Fuel for the Flame. Donald Edwin Westlake (1933-2008), The Mercenaries (first novel); a Mob hit man. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Satanist; special agent Barney Sullivan infiltrates the British Communist Party to battle pesky Satanists who are trying to start WWIII; his novels sell 1M copies a year during this decade. John A. Williams (1925-94), The Angry Ones (first novel). Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Border Country (first novel); a Welsh academic visits his railway signalman daddy and confronts his working class past from a leftist POV. Henry Williamson (1895-1977), A Test to Destruction. Arthur Wise (1923-82), Days in the Hay (first novel); pub. under alias John McArthur. Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), Gillian. Births: Japanese dir.-actor Shinya Tsukamoto on Jan. 1 in Tokyo. Am. "Devil Inside", "Talk About the Passion" singer John Michael Stipe (R.E.M.) on Jan. 4 in Decatur, Ga. English "How to be a Domestic Goddess" TV chef Nigella Lucy Lawson on Jan. 6 in London; educated at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford U.; daughter of Nigel Lawson (1932-). Am. 6'5" hall-of-fame football defensive end (Los Angeles Raiders #75, 1981-93) and actor Howard Matthew Moses "Howie" Long on Jan. 6 in Somerville, Mass.; educated at Villanova U.; father of Chris Long (1985-) and Kyle Long (1988-). Am. "Steve Billings in The Shield" actor David Marciano on Jan. 7 in Newark, N.J. Iranian foreign affairs minister (2013-) Mohammad Javad Zarif on Jan. 7 in Tehran; educated at San Francisco State U., and the U. of Denver. British "Bend It Like Beckham", "Bride and Prejudice" film dir. (Sikh) Gurinder Chadha on Jan. 10 in Nairobi, Kenya; grows up in Southall, West London; educated at the U. of East Anglia. Am. rock musician Charlie Gillingham (Counting Crows) on Jan. 12 in Torrance, Calif. Am. "Oliver Babish in The West Wing" actor Oliver James Platt on Jan. 12 in Windsor, Ont., Canada. Am. 6'8" basketball player (black) ("the Human Highlight Film") (Atlanta Hawks #12, 1982-94) Jacques Dominique Wilkins on Jan. 12 in Paris, France; educated at the U. of Ga. Am. "Mr. Arable in Charlotte's Web" actor Kevin C. Anderson on Jan. 13 in Gurnee, Ill. Am. physicist Robert Eric Betzig on Jan. 13 in Ann Arbor, Mich.; 2014 Nobel Chem. Prize. Soviet Olympic pentathlete Anatoli Starostin on Jan. 18 in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. German journalist Udo Ulfkotte on Jan. 20 in Lippstadt, North Rhine-Westphalia. Dutch physicist Erik Peter Verlinde on Jan. 21 in Woudenberg; identical twin brother of physicist Herman Louise Verlinde; educated at Utrecht U. Australian "Devil Inside", "Need You Tonight" singer-actor Michael Kelland John Hutchence (d. 1997) (INXS) on Jan. 22 in Sydney, N.S.W. Am. Olympic diver (gay) Gregory Efthimios "Greg" Louganis on Jan. 29 n El Cajon, Calif.; of Samoan-Swedish descent; raised by Greek-Am. adoptive parents. Am. "Alan Pinkard in Head of the Class" actor Tony O'Dell (Anthony Dell'Aquila) on Jan. 30 in Pasadena, Calif. Am. "Janelle Voight in T2", "PFC J. Vasquez in Aliens" actress (Jewish) Jenette Elise Goldstein on Feb. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Rent" dramatist (Jewish) Jonathan Larson (d. 1996) on Feb. 4 in White Plains, N.Y. Am. singer Robert Baresford "Bobby" Brown on Feb. 5 in Roxbury, Mass. Am. economist Christina Hull Paxson on Feb. 6 in ?; educated at Swarthmore College, and Columbia U. Am. "Stargate", "Alan Shore in Boston Legal" actor James Todd Spader on Feb. 7 in Boston, Mass.; both parents are teachers. English "Relax (Don't Do It)" musician (gay) William Holly Johnson (Frankie Goes to Hollywood) on Feb. 9 in Liverpool. Am. astronaut Peggy Annette Whitson on Feb. 9 in Mount Ayr, Iowa; educated at Iowa Wesleyan College, and Rice U. Saudi Muslim imam Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais (Abdul Rahman Ibn Abdul Aziz as-Sudais on Feb. 10 in Riyadh. Am. jazz musician Russ Freeman on Feb. 11 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. "Revenge of the Nerds", "Captain America" actor-producer Matt Salinger on Feb. 13 in Windsor, Vt.; son of J.D. Salinger (1919-2010) and Claire Douglas; educated at Phillips Andover Academy, Princeton U., and Columbia U. Am. football hall-of-fame QB (Buffalo Bills #12) (1986-96) James Edward "Jim" Kelly on Feb. 14 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Am. "Agnes of God" actress-dancer Meg Tilly (Margaret Elizabeth Chan) on Feb. 14 in Long Beach, Calif.; Chinese-Am. father, white mother; sister of Jennifer Tilly (1958-). English rock bassist Michael Emile "Mikey" Craig (Culture Club) on Feb. 15 in Hammersmith, London. Am. economist Stephen Moore on Feb. 16 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ill., and George Mason U. English rock musician Peter Andrew "Pete" Willis (Def Leppard) on Feb. 16 in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. British prince and duke of York (1986-) Andrew Albert Christian Edward Mountbatten on Feb. 19 in Buckingham Palace, London; 2nd son and 3rd child of Elizabeth II and Philip Mountbatten; first birth to a reigning English monarch since 1857; husband (1986-96) of Sarah Ferguson (1959-). Am. serial murderer ("the Angel of Death") Charles Edmund Cullen on Feb. 22 in West Orange, N.J. German oceanographer-climate scientist Stefan Rahmstorf on Feb. 22; educated at Victoria U. of Wellington. English musician Paul David Humphreys (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark) on Feb. 27 in London. Am. historian and U.S. Army Col. Peter R. Mansoor on Feb. 28; educated at Ohio State U. Canadian model-actress Dorothy Stratten (Dorothy Ruth Hoogstraten) (d. 1980) on Feb. 28 in Vancouver. Am. ecologist Guy R. McPherson on Feb. 29 in ?; educated at the U. of Ariz. Am. 6'1" serial killer (epileptic) ("the Night Stalker") Richard Ramirez (Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramírez) (d. 2013) on Feb. 29 in El Paso, Tex.; Mexican immigrant parents. Am. "Awaken the Giant Within" writer Anthony "Tony" Robbins on Feb. 29 in North Hollywood, Calif. English "Greg Mandel" sci-fi novelist Peter F. Hamilton on Mar. 2 in Rutland. Am. "Benjamin Buford Bubba Blue in Forrest Gump" actor (black) Mykelti (Michael T.) Williamson on Mar. 4 in St. Louis, Mo.; part Blackfoot Indian. Am. 6'3" football player (Houston Oilers, 1982-93) and head coach (Tenn. Titans, 2011-13) Michael Anthony "Mike" Munchak on Mar. 5 in Scranton, Ohio; educated at Penn. State U. Am. NFL coach (Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans, 1994-) Michael Anthony "Mike" Munchak on Mar. 6 in Scranton, Penn. Czech-Am. tennis player Ivan Lendl on Mar. 7 in Prague. Am. "The Virgin Suicides", "Middlesex" novelist Jeffrey Kent Eugenides on Mar. 8 in Detroit, Mich.; educated at Brown U., and Stanford U. Am. 6'8" basketball player (black) (New Jersey Nets #52, 1981-9) (Portland Trail Blazers, 1989-96) (New York Knicks) (1996-9) Charles Linwood "Buck" Williams on Mar. 8 in Rocky Mount, N.C.; educated at the U. of Md. Am. swimmer Linda Jezek on Mar. 10 in Palo Alto, Calif. Iranian Shiite cleric Ayatollah Sadeq (Sadegh) Ardeshir Amoli Larijani on Mar. 12 in Najaf; son-in-law of Ayatollah Hossein Vahid Khorasani (1921-). Am. "A.D.A. Ron Carver in Law & Order: Criminal Intent", "Russell Banfield in ER", "Stanford Wedeck in Flash Forward" actor (black) Courtney Bernard Vance on Mar. 12 in Detroit, Mich. Irish rock bassist Adam Charles Clayton (U2) on Mar. 13 in Chinnor, Oxfordshire, England; emigrates to Ireland in 1965. Australian "The Sleepwalkers" historian Sir Christopher Munro "Chris" Clark on Mar. 14 in Sydney; educated at the U. of Sydney, and Pembroke College, Cambridge U.; knighted in 2015. Am. 5'8" baseball hall-of-fame center fielder (Minnesota Twins #34, 1984-95) (black) ("Minny's Mighty Mite") Kirby Puckett (d. 2006) on Mar. 14 in Chicago, Ill. - sounds like? Lebanese-Am. anti-Zionist political scientist (Muslim-turned-atheist) As'ad AbuKhalil on Mar. 16 in Tyre; educated at Am. U. of Beirut, and Georgetown U. Am. "Adam Green in Ellen" actor (Jewish) Arye Gross on Mar. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. English actress (Jewish) Maria Friedman on Mar. 19 in Bernese Obeland, Switzerland; daughter of Russian Jewish descent father Leonard Friedman and English mother Clair Llewlyn Sims; sister of Sonia Friedman (1965-). Am. rock drummer-producer Michael Urbano (Smash Mouth) on Mar. 19 in Sacramento, Calif. Am. "Alan Pope in The Flying Scissors" actor (Jewish) Matthew Arkin on Mar. 21 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; son of Adam Arkin (1934); brother of Adam Arkin (1956-). German "99 Red Balloons" singer-actress Nena (Gabriele Susanne Kerner) on Mar. 24 in Hagen, North Rhine-Westphalia; Sp. "nina" = little girl. English "The Woman in Red", "Weird Science" "Don't hate me because I'm beautiful" actress Kelly LeBrock on Mar. 24 in New York City; French-Canadian father, Irish mother; raised in London; wife (1987-96) of Steven Seagal (1951-). Am. hall-of-fame bowler Mike Aulby on Mar. 25 in Indianapolis, Ind. Am. "Frances Baby Houseman in Dirty Dancing", "Jeanie Bueller in Ferris Bueller's Day Off" actress (Jewish) Jennifer Grey on Mar. 26 in New York City; daughter of Joel Grey (1932-); granddaughter of Mickey Katz (1909-85). U.S. Repub. Utah gov. #16 (2005-9) and U.S. ambassador to China (2009-11) (Mormon) Jon Meade Huntsman Jr. on Mar. 26 in Palo Alto, Calif.; educated at the U. of Utah., and U. of Penn.; father of Abby Huntsman (1986-). Am. "Being John Malkovich", "The 40-Year-Old Virgin" actress Catherine Ann Keener (AKA Karen Kersh) on Mar. 26 in Miami, Fla.; Irish father, Lebanese mother. Marcus LeMarr Allen on Mar. 26 in San Diego, Calif. Am. "The Christ Conspiracy: The Greatest Story Ever Sold" writer Acharya S (Dorothy Milne Murdock) (d. 2015) on Mar. 27 in Mass.; grows up in Avon, Conn.; educated at Marshall College. Am. Olympic Alpine skier William Dean "Bill" Johnson on Mar. 30. English "Agent Smith in The Matrix", "Elrond in The Lord of the Rings", "Red Skull in Captain America" 6'2" actor Hugo Wallace Weaving on Apr. 4 in Austin, Nigeria. Am. R&B musician Warren Haynes (Allman Brothers Band, Gov't Mule) on Apr. 6 in Asheville, N.C. Am. 6'3-1/2" heavyweight boxing champ (1990) (black) James "Buster" Douglas on Apr. 7 in Columbus, Ohio; son of William "Dynamite" Douglas (1940-99). Am. "Walking on Sunshine" rock musician Katrina Leskanich (Katrina and the Waves) on Apr. 10 in Topeka, Kan. Egyptian al-Qaida leader (Sunni Muslim) Saif al-Adel on Apr. 11. Am. "2nd Chris in The Partridge Family" actor Brian Forster on Apr. 14; grandson of Alan Napier (1903-88). Am. "Robert Barone in Everybody Loves Raymond" 6'5" actor-comedian Brad Garrett (Brad Harold Gerstenfeld) on Apr. 14 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Danish "After the Wedding" dir.-writer-producer Susanne Bier on Apr. 15 in Copenhagen. U.S. ambassador (gay?) J. (John) Christopher Stevens (d. 2012) on Apr. 18 Grass Valley, Calif.; educated at UCB. Am. "Barbara Cooper Royer in One Day at a Time" actress Valerie Anne Bertinelli on Apr. 23 in Wilmington, Del.; wife (1981-2007) of Eddie Van Halen (1955-2020). English rock musician Stephen Maynard "Steve" Clark (d. 1991) (Def Leppard) on Apr. 23 in Hillsborough, Sheffield. English rock drummer Roger Andrew Taylor (Duran Duran) on Apr. 26 in Castle Bromwich, Birmingham; not to be confused with Roger Taylor of Queen (1949-). Am. pitcher (lefty) (Cincinnati Reds, 1984-94) Thomas Leo "Tom" Browning on Apr. 28 in Casper, Wyo.; educated at Le Moyne College. U.S. solicitor-gen. #45 (2009-10) (first woman) and U.S. Supreme Court justice #112 (2010-) (Jewish) Elena Kagan on Apr. 28 in New York City; educated at Princeton U., Oxford U., and Harvard U. Canadian "Flashforward" "The Terminal Experiment" sci-fi novelist Robert James Sawyer on Apr. 29 in Ottawa, Ont.; educated at Ryerson U. U.S. adm. (black) Michelle Janine Howard on Apr. 30 in March Air Reserve Base near Riverside, Calif.; first African-Am. woman to command a U.S. Navy ship (USS Rushmore); first African-Am. 2-star and 2-star adm.; first woman 4-star adm. (July 1, 2014). Am. Church of Scientology leader (1987-) David Miscavige on Apr. 30 in Bucks County, Penn.; grows up Roman Catholic in Willingboro Township, N.J. Am. jockey (youngest to win the Triple Crown in 1978 riding Affirmed) Steve Cauthen on May 1 in Covington, Ky.; grows up in Walton, Ky. Am. boxer (black) Iran "the Blade" Barkley on May 6 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. musician (lefty) John Conant "Flansy" Flansburgh (They Might Be Giants) on May 6 in Lincoln, Mass. Irish "Monica in Touched By an Angel" actress Roma Downey on May 6 in Derry, North Ireland. Am. "Frankie in Sisters" actress-model Julianne Phillips on May 6 in Chicago, Ill.; 1st wife (1985-9) of Bruce Springsteen (1949-). Am. rock bassist Eric Brittingham (Cinderella) on May 8 in Salisbury, Md. Am. baseball hall-of-fame right fielder (left) (black) (San Diego Padres #19, 1982-2001) ("Mr. Padre") ("Captain Video") Anthony Keith "Tony" Gwynn Sr. (d. 2014) on May 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. Irish "In the Name of Love" rock singer Sir Bono Vox (Lat. "good voice") (Paul David Hewson) (U2) on May 10 in Dublin; knighted in 2007. English "American Idol", "Pop Idol" producer Simon Fuller on May 17 in Hastings, East Sussex. Am. rock musician-producer Page Hamilton (Helmet) on May 18 in Portland, Ore. Finnish hockey hall-of-fame player Jari Pekka Kurri on May 18 in Helsinki. French 6'5" tennis player-singer (black) Yannick Noah on May 18 in Sedan, Ardennes; Cameroonian father Zacharie Noah (1937-), French mother; husband (1978-) of Cecilia Rodhe (1961-); father of Joakim Noah (1985-). Israeli gen. (Jewish) Gadi Eizenkot on May 19 in Tiberias; Jewish Moroccan immigrant parents. Am. "Dr. Phlox in Star Trek: Enterprise" actor John Billingsley on May 20 in Media, Penn.; grows up in Weston, Conn.; educated at Bennington College. Am. "Carl Bruner in Ghost", "Pres. Fitzgerald Grant III in Sacndal", "Col. Bagley in The Last Samurai" actor Anthony Howard "Tony" Goldwyn on May 20 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Brandeis U. Am. serial murderer ("the Milwaukee Cannibal") Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (d. 1994) on May 21 in West Allis, Wisc. Am. "The Vast Conspiracy" writer Jeffrey Ross Toobin on May 21 in New York City; son of Marlene Sanders; educated at Harvard U. Am. football hall-of-fame running back (#32) English "The Only Way is Up" pop singer Yazz (Yasmin Evans) on May 21 in Shepherd's Bush, London. Am. "Abe Sapien in Hellboy", "Amphibian Man in The Shape of Water" actor Doug Jones on May 24 in Indianapolis, Ind. English "Katharine Clifton in The English Patient" actress Kristin Scott Thomas on May 24 in Redruth, Cornwall; sister of Serena Scott Thomas (1961-). U.S. Sen. (D-Minn.) (2007-) Amy Jean Klobuchar on May 25 in Plymouth, Minn.; educated at Yale U., and U. of Chicago; of Slovenian descent. Am. "Percy Wetmore in The Green Mile" actor Doug Hutchinson on May 26 in Dover, Del. English musician Stephen Anthony James "Tin Tin" Duffy (Duran Duran) on May 30 in Alum Rock, Birmingham. English rock bassist Simon Jonathon Gallup (The Cure) on June 1 in Duxhurst, Surrey. English rock drummer Michael "Mike" Joyce (The Smiths) on June 1 in Fallowfield, Manchester. English rock singer-songwriter Tony Hadley (Spandau Ballet) on June 2 in Islington, London. Am. auto racer Kyle Eugene Petty on June 2 in Randleman, N.C.; son of Richard Petty (1937-); grandson of Lee Petty (1914-2000); father of Adam Petty (1980-2000). Am. broadcast reporter (TV) Robert "Bob" "Zoey" Tur on June 8 in Los Angeles, Calif.; becomes a transvestite in 2014. Scottish "Most Haunted" psychic David Wells on June 8 in Kelloholm; Swiss politician Oskar Freysinger on June 12 in Sierre. Am. rock musician Steven Siro "Steve" Vai on June 16 in Carle Place, N.Y. Am. surgeon (Sunni Muslim) Mehmet Cengiz Oz (Öz) on June 11 in Cleveland, Ohio; Turkish immigrant parents; educated at Harvard U., and U. of Penn.; father of Daphne Oz (1986-). Am. "Sandman in Spider-Man 3" actor Thomas Haden Church on June 17 in El Paso, Tex. English rock bassist Nigel John Taylor (Duran Ran) on June 20 in Birmingham. Am. Dem. Ore. gov. #38 (2015-) (bi) Katherine "Kate" Brown on June 21 in Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; educated at the U. of Colo., and Lewis and Clark College; first openly bi U.S. gov. (until ?). Chinese astronaut Maj. Gen. Yang Liwei on June 21 in Suizhong, Liaoning. Am. environmental activist Erin Brokovich (Erin L.E. Pattee) on June 22 in Lawrence, Kan. Am. "Ellen Reed in Family Ties" actress (Jewish) Tracy Jo Pollan on June 22 in Long Island, N.Y.; wife (1988-) of Michael J. Fox (1961-). U.S. Rep. (D-Calif.) (2001-) (Jewish) Adam Bennett Schiff on June 22 in Framingham, Mass.; educated at Stanford U., and Harvard U. Am. economist James Bradford "Brad" DeLong on June 24 in Boston, Mass.; educated at Harvard U. Am. physicist and climate blogger Joseph J. Romm on June 27 in Middletown, N.Y.; educated at MIT. Am. football hall-of-fame QB (Denver Broncos #7) (1983-98) John Albert Elway Jr. on June 28 in Port Angeles, Wash.; son of Broncos scout John Albert "Jack" Elway Sr. (1932-2001); grandson of semi-pro QB Harry Elway; educated at Stanford U. Am. "Shame", "Love Come Down" R&B singer (black) Evelyn "Champagne" King on June 29 in Bronx, N.Y.; grows up in Philly. Am. Islamist terrorist David Coleman Headley (Daood Sayed Gilani) on June 30 in Washington, D.C.; grows up in Lahore, Pakistan. Am. "Shame", "Love Come Down" R&B singer (black) Evelyn "Champagne" King on July 1 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. country musician Teddy Carr (Ricochet) on July 4. Am. 7'4" hall-of-fame basketball center-forward (black) (Houston Rockets #50, 1983-8) Ralph Lee Sampson Jr. on July 7 in Harrisonburg, Va.; educated at the U. of Va.; half of the Twin Towers duo with Hakeem Olajuwon (1963-). Am. computer scientist Yann LeCun (Le Cun) ("nice guy") on July 8 in Soisysous-Montmorency; educated at ESIEE Paris, and U. Pierre et Marie Curie. Ukrainian pres. (2010-) Viktor Fedoryvich Yanukovich (Yanukovych) on July 9 in Zhukovka (near Yenakiieve), Donetsk Oblast. Am. "Sue Sylvester in Glee", "Dr. Linda Freeman in Two and a Half Men" actress-comedian-singer (lesbian) Jane Lynch on July 14 in Dolton, Ill.; educated at Cornell U.; wife (2010-) of Dr. Lara Embry. Am. "Tommy Bradford in Eight Is Enough", "Buddy Lembeck in Charles in Charge", "David in Paradise" actor-dir.-writer-producer William Aames (Albert William Upton) on July 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. English rock drummer Kevin Haskins (Kevin Michael Dompe) (Bauhaus, Love and Rockets, Tones on Tail) on July 19 in Northampton. English TV producer Mark Burnett on July 17 in London. Am. football placekicker (Buffalo Bills #11, 1985-91) Scott Allan Norwood on July 17 in Alexandria, Va.; educated at James Madison College. Am. "Symphony of Sorrowful Songs" soprano Dawn Upshaw on July 17 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. writer Michael Collins Piper on July 17. Armenian-Canadian. "The Sweet Hereafter" dir.-writer Atom Egoyan on July 19 in Cairo, Egypt; son of Joseph and Shushan Yeghoyan; brother of pianist Eve Egyoyan; raised in Victoria, B.C. Am. "Alex Rogan in The Last Starfighter" actor Lance R. Guest on July 21 in Saratoga, Calif. English "Why We Disagree About Climate Change" geographer (founder of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research) Michael "Mike" Hulme on July 23 in London; educated at Durham U., and Swansea U. Am. "Slacker", "Dazed and Confused", "School of Rock", "Fast Food Nation" dir.-screenwriter (vegetarian) Richard Stuart Linklater on July 30 in Houston, Tex. English rock musician Vince Clarke (Vincent John Martin) (Depeche Mode) on July 3 in South Woodford; raised in Basildon, Essex. English arsonist Peter Dinsdale (Bruce George Peter Lee) on July 31 in Manchester; prostitute mother. Am. rapper (black) Chuck D (Carlton Douglas Ridenhour) (Public Enemy) on Aug. 1 in Flushing, Queens, N.Y.; grows up in Roosevelt, N.Y. Am. grunge rock singer-musician Suzi Gardner (L7) on Aug. 1. Am. Olympic figure skater (U.S. champ in 1977-80) Linda Sue Fratianne on Aug. 2 in Los Angeles, Calif. Spanish Socialist PM (2004-11) Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero on Aug. 4 in Valladolid; educated at the U. of Leon. Am. "A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries" novelist Kaylie Jones on Aug. 5; daughter of James Jones (1921-77); raised in Paris; educated at Columbia U. Am. "Dr. Lucien Dubenko in ER" actor Leland Jones Orser on Aug. 6 in San Francisco, Calif.; educated at Conn. College; husband (1987-) of Roma Downey, and (2000-) Jeanne Tripplehorn. Am. "Fox Mulder in The X-Files" actor-writer-dir. (Jewish) David William "Duke" Duchovny on Aug. 7 in New York City; B.A. from Princeton U. and M.A. from Yale U.; husband (1997-2014) of Tea Leoni (1966-). Am. singer Aimee Mann on Aug. 9. Spanish "Puss in Boots in Shrek" actor-singer Antonio (Jose Antonio Dominiguez) Banderas on Aug. 10 in Malaga, Andalusia; father is a policeman and mother is a teacher; acts in a Spanish TV series at age 4; breaks his foot playing soccer at age 14, and switches careers to actor; comes to the U.S. at age 30 and becomes a movie star even though he can't speak English yet. Am. prof. wrestler (black) Frederick Seawright (Brickhouse Brown) (d. 2018) on Aug. 11 in Wilmington, Del. Am. "Baby Got Back" rapper-producer (black) Sir Mix-a-Lot (Anthony Ray) on Aug. 12 in Seattle, Wash. Am. writer George Packer on Aug. 13 in Santa Clara, Calif.; educated at Yale U. English "Christine Daae in The Phantom of the Opera" soprano-actress-dancer Sarah Brightman on Aug. 14 in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire; wife (1984-90) of Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-). Am. "Conrad Jarrett in Ordinary People" actor Timothy Tarquin Hutton on Aug. 16 in Malibu, Calif.; son of Jim Hutton (1934-79). Am. Dem. politician (Roman Catholic) Mitchell Joseph "Mitch" Landrieu on Aug. 16 in New Orleans, La.; son of Maurice Edwin "Moon" Landrieu (1930-); educated at Catholic U. of Am. and Loyola U. Am. "History Detectives" historian Eduardo Obregon Pagan (Obregón Pagán) on Aug. 13 in Mesa, Ariz.; educated at Arizona State U., U. of Arizona, and Princeton U. Am. "Dead Man Walking", "Mystic River" actor-dir. Sean Justin Penn on Aug. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of TV dir. Leo Penn (1921-98) and actress Eileen Ryan (1928-); brother of actor Chris Penn (1965-2006) and musician Michael Penn (1958-); husband (1985-9) of Madonna (1958-) and (1996-2010) Robin Wright Penn (1966-). U.S. acting atty.-gen. (2017) Sally Caroline Quillian Yates on Aug. 20 in Atlanga, Ga.; educated at the U. of Ga. Am. 6'4" baseball hall-of-fame SS and 3B player (Baltimore Orioles) Calvin Edwin "Cal" "Iron Man" Ripken Jr. on Aug. 24 in Havre de Grace, Md.; son of Cal Ripken Sr. (1935-99); brother of Billy Ripken (1964-). Austrian astronaut #1 Franz Artur Viehbock (Viehböck) on Aug. 24 in Vienna. Am. Dem. investment banker (pres. of Goldman Sachs, 2006-17) (Jewish) Gary David Cohn on Aug. 27 in Cleveland, Ohio; grows up in Shaker Heights, Ohio; educated at Am. U. Am. astronaut Leroy Chiao on Aug. 28 in Milwaukee, Wisc.; educated at UCB and UCSB. English "Fallon Carrington Colby in Dynasty" actress Emma Samms (Samuelson) on Aug. 28 in London. Lebanese Hezbollah leader (1992-) (Muslim) Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah on Aug. 31 in East Beirut. Am. football linebacker (Denver Broncos #77, 1983-94) ("the Snow Goose") ("the Albino Rhino") Karl Bernard Mecklenburg on Sept. 1 in Seattle, Wash.; educated at the U. of Minn. Norwegian Socialist finance minister (2005-9) and education minister (2009-13) Kristen Halvorsen on Sept. 2 in Horten; educated at the U. of Oslo. Am. ABC-TV journalist (black) Deborah Roberts on Sept. 2 in Perry, Ga.; wife of Al Roker (1954-). Am. rock musician Kim Thayil (Soundgarden) on Sept. 4 in Seattle, Wash.; of Kerala Indian descent. Am. "Homey don't play that" actor-comic (black) Damon Kyle Wayans Sr. on Sept. 4 in New York City; brother of Keenen Ivory Wayans (1958-), Kim Wayans (1961-), Shawn Wayans (1971-), and Marlon Wayans (1972-); Jehovah's Witness parents. Am. "Sgt. Larvell Motormouth Jones in Police Academy" actor-comedian (black) ("Man of 10,000 Sound Effects") Michael Leslie Winslow on Sept. 6 in Spokane, Wash.; no relation to TLW? English rocker Perry Archangelo Bamonte (The Cure) on Sept. 6 in London. Am. alt. rock musician Aimee Mann ('Til Tuesday) on Sept. 8 in Richmond, Va.; wife (1997-) of Michael Penn (1958-). English rock musician David "Shuffle" Steele (The English Beat, Fine Young Cannibals) on Sept. 8 in Cowes, Isle of Wight. English "Four Weddings and a Funeral", "Bridget Jones's Diary" actor Hugh John Mungo Grant on Sept. 9 in Hammersmith, London; Anglo-Scottish ancestry; educated at New College, Oxford U. Am. "Fun Home", "Dykes to Watch Out For" cartoonist (lesbian) Alison Bechdel on Sept. 10 in Lock Haven, Penn.; educated at Oberlin College. English "Pride and Prejudice", "Bridget Jones's Diary" actor Colin Firth on Sept. 10 in Grayshott, Hampshire; both parents are teachers who were born and raised in India. Japanese physicist Hiroshi Amano on Sept. 11 in Hamamatsu. Am. "Alice Ward in The Fighter" actress Melissa Chessington Leo on Sept. 14 in Manhattan, N.Y. Canadian rock drummer Michel "Mitch" Dorge (Crash Test Dummies) on Sept. 15 in Winnipeg, Man. English "Vanderpump Rules" TV personality Lisa Jane Vanderpump on Sept. 15 in Dulwich, London. English auto racer Damon Graham Devereux Hill on Sept. 17 in London; son of racer Graham Hill (1929-75). Am. chef ("Molto Mario") Mario Francesco Batali on Sept. 19 in Seattle, Wash.; educated at Rutgers U. Am. "Harmon Rabb Jr. in JAG" actor David James Elliott (David William Smith) on Sept. 21 in Milton, Ont. Israeli Labor Party politician (Jewish) Yitzhak (Isaac) "Bougie" Herzog on Sept. 22 in Tel Aviv; son of Chaim Herzog (1918-97); educated at Cornell U., and NYU. Am. "I Love Rock N' Roll" singer-songwriter-guitarist Joan Jett on Sept. 22 in Ardmore, Calif. Am. 6'2" basketball player-mgr. (white) (Chicago Bulls #5, 1985-94) John MacBeth Paxson on Sept. 29 in Dayton, Ohio; educated at Notre Dame U. Am. rock drummer William Frederick "Bill" Rieflin (R.E.M.) on Sept. 30 in Seattle, Wash. Am. football coach (Baltimore Ravens, 2000-11) (Indianapolis Colts, 2012-17) (Chicago Bears, 2019-20) Charles David "Chuck" Pagano on Oct. 2 in Boulder, Colo.; educated at Wyoming U. Am. "Beau Felton in Homicide: Life on the Street" actor Daniel Leroy Baldwin on Oct. 5 in Massapequa, N.Y.; brother of Alec Baldwin (1958-), Billy Baldwin (1963-) and Stephen Baldwin (1966-); admitted lifetime cocaine addict; "an egomaniac with an inferiority complex". Am. Netflix co-founder Wilmot Reed Hastings Jr. on Oct. 8 in Boston, Mass.; educated at Bowdoin College, and Stanford U. Spanish "The Mask of Zorro", "Philadelphia" actor Jose Antonio Dominguez Banderas on Oct. 10 in Malaga, Andalusia. Am rock singer Joey Belladonna (Joseph Bellardini) (Anthrax) on Oct. 13 in Oswego, N.Y. English runner Stephen "Steve" Cram on Oct. 14 in Jarrow, Tyneside. Am. "Moneyball", "The Blind Side" writer-journalist Michael Monroe Lewis on Oct. 15 in New Orleans, La.; educated at Princeton U., and London School of Economics. Am. rock musician Robert Arthur "Bob" Mould (Husker Du) on Oct. 16 in Malone, N.Y.; educated at Macalester College. Am. "Chicago", "Memoirs of a Geisha", "Nine" dir.-choreographer (gay) Rob Marshall on Oct. 17 in Madison, Wisc.; grows up in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at Carnegie Mellon U.; partner of John DeLuca. Am. molecular biologist Craig Cameron Mello on Oct. 18 in New Haven, Conn.; educated at Brown U., U. of Colo., and Harvard U.; 2006 Nobel Medicine Prize. Am. "Joanie Cunningham in Happy Days and Joanie Loves Chachi" actress Erin Marie Moran (d. 2017) on Oct. 18 in Burank, Calif.; grows up in North Hollywood, Calif. Belgian "Bloodsport", "Kickboxer" 5'9" actor ("Muscles from Brussels") Jean-Claude Van Damme (Jean-Claude Camille Francois Van Varenberg) on Oct. 18 in Sint-Agatha-Berchem, Brussels; Jewish father. Am. "Dreamgirls" singer-actress (black) Jennifer Yvette Holliday on Oct. 19 in Riverside, Tex. Am. CBS-TV journalist (black) Byron Pitts on Oct. 21 in Baltimore, Md. Am. Internet Archive computer engineer Brewster Kahle on Oct. 22 in New York City; educated at MIT. Swiss songwriter-producer Mirwais Ahmadzai (Taxi Girl) on Oct. 23 in Lausanne, Switzerland; Afghan father, Italian mother. Am. computer scientist Randy Pausch (d. 2008) on Oct. 23. Canadian Liberal MP (2015-) (Shiite Muslim) Majid Jowhari on Oct. 24 in Tehran, Iran; educated at Ryerson U., and NYU. Iranian pretender shah (1979-) Cyrus Reza Pahlavi on Oct. 30; son of Reza Pahlavi II (1919-80) and Farah Pahlavi (1938-); exiled in 1979; settles in the U.S. in 1984; educated at Williams College, and USC. French "A Christmas Tale" dir.-writer Arnaud Desplechin on Oct. 31 in Roubaix, Nord. English rock musician Johnny Marr (John Martin Maher) (The Smiths) on Oct. 31 in Ardwick, Manchester. English London Metropolitan police chief (2017-) (first woman) Cressida Rose Dick in Oct. in Oxford; educated at Balliol College, Oxford U. Mexican baseball pitcher (lefty) (Los Angeles Dodgers) ("El Toro") Fernando Valenzuela Anguamea on Nov. 1 in Navojoa, Sonora. Am. Apple CEO (2011-) (gay) Timothy Donald "Tim" Cook on Nov. 1 in Mobile, Ala.; educasted at Auburn U., and Duke U. English rock musician Matthew James Ashman (Adam and the Ants) on Nov. 3 in Mill Hill. Am. "My Life on the D-List" comedian-actress Kathleen Mary "Kathy" Griffin on Nov. 4 in Oak Park, Ill. Am. talent agent Bryan William Lourd on Nov. 5 in New Iberia, La.; husband (1991-4) of Carrie Fisher (1956); father of Billie Lourd (1992-); educated at the U. of Southern Calif. English "White Witch Jadis in The Chronicles of Narnia", "Karen Crowder in Michael Clayton", "Orlando" actress (Socialist) Katherine Mathilda "Tilda" Swinton on Nov. 5 in London; Australian mother; member of the ancient Swinton family that can trace its lineage to before the Norman Conquest, along with the Ardens and Berkeleys; educated at West Heath Girls' School (classmate of Princess Diana), and New Hall, Cambridge U. Cuban-Am. Telemundo TV journalist Jose Diaz-Balart (José Díaz-Balart) on Nov. 7 in Fort Lauderdale, Fla.; Cuban immigrant parents; grows up in Madrid, Spain. Am. rock musician Tommy Thayer (KISS) on Nov. 7 in Portland, Ore. Am. rock drummer Demetra "Dee" Plakas (L7, Problem Dogs) on Nov. 9 near Chicago, Ill. English "The Sandman" sci-fi writer (Jewish) Neil Richard Gaiman on Nov. 10 in Portchester, Hampshire; of Polish Jewish descent. Am. "Frank Nitti in Road to Perdition" actor-dir.-producer-writer Stanley Tucci Jr. on Nov. 11 in Peekskill, N.Y. Am. "Janitor in Scrubs", "Michael Mike Heck Jr. in The Middle" actor-comedian (Roman Catholic) Neil Richard Flynn on Nov. 13 in Chicago, Ill. Iranian vice-pres. #1 (2009) (Shiite Muslim) Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei on Nov. 16 in Ramsar. Am. actor-singer-songwriter (black) (gay) RuPaul Andre Charles on Nov. 17 in San Diego, Calif. Am. "Susan in Big", "June Ellis in The Doctor", "Wilma in The Flintstones" actress Elizabeth Ann Perkins on Nov. 18 in Queens, N.Y; Greek immigrant paternal grandparents. English "Kids in America", "You Keep Me Hangin' On" pop singer Kim Wilde (Smith) on Nov. 18 in Chiswick, West London. Israeli MK ((2003-) (Jewish) (Kulanu Party founder) Moshe Kahlon on Nov. 19 in Hadera; Libyan Jewish immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Haifa, and Harvard U. Am. rock bassist Brian Ritchie (Violent Femmes) on Nov. 21. Am. ABC-TV journalist (black) (lesbian) Robin Rene Roberts on Nov. 23 in Pass Christian, Miss.; grows up in Pass Christian, Miss.; sister of Sally-Ann Roberts. English "English Passengers" novelist Matthew Kneale on Nov. 24 in London; educated at Oxford U. Am. publisher John Fitzgerald "John-John" Kennedy Jr. (d. 1999) on Nov. 25 in Washington, D.C.; son of U.S. pres. John F. Kennedy (1917-63) and Jacqueline Kennedy (1929-94); brother of Caroline Kennedy (1957-). Am. 6'4" football hall-of-fame QB (New York Jets #7) (1983-92) Kenneth John "Ken" O'Brien on Nov. 27 in Rockville Centre, N.Y. Am. Repub. Minn. gov. #39 (2003-11) (evangelical Christian) Timothy James "Tim" Pawlenty on Nov. 27 in St. Paul, Minn.; educated at the U. of Minn. Am. football safety (black) (Chicago Bears, 1983-9) David Russell "Dave" Duerson (d. 2011) on Nov. 28 in Muncie, Ind. British fashion designer (gay) John Charles Galliano (Juan Carlos Antonio Galliano-Guillen) on Nov. 28 in Gibraltar; Gibraltarian father, Spanish mother; emigrates to England at age 6. Am. "Vickie LaMotta in Raging Bull" actress Cathy Moriarty on Nov. 29 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. "Mouna in The Visitor" actress-dir. (Sunni Muslim) Hiam (Hiyam) Abbas on Nov. 30 in Nazareth, Israel; grows up in Deir Hanna. Am. children's book illustrator Kevin Henkes in Nov. in Racine, Wisc. U.S. Rep. (D-N.M.) (2019-) Debra A. "Deb" Haaland on Dec. 2 in Winslow, Ariz.; Norwegian descent father, Laguna Pueblo mother; educated at the U. of N.M. English rock bassist Rick "Sav" Savage (Def Leppard) on Dec. 2 in Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Am. "Splash", "Reckless", "Blade Runner" actress Daryl Christine Hannah on Dec. 3 in Chicago, Ill. Am. "Clarice Starling in Hannibal", "Dr. Sarah Harding in The Lost World: Jurassic Park" actress (atheist) Julianne Moore on Dec. 3 in Fayetteville, N.C.; Scottish mother; sister of Peter Moore Smith. Am. rock singer Jack Russell (Great White) on Dec. 5 in Montebello, Calif. English "Foursome" novelist, "Faking Friends" novelist Jane Fallon on Dec. 9 in Middlesex; educated at Univ. College London; wife (1982-) of Ricky Gervais (1961-). Am. "Nightline" TV journalist Terry Moran on Dec. 9 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Lawrence U. Am. actress-singer Dana Wheeler-Nicholson on Oct. 9 in New York City; granddaughter of DC comics founder Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson (1890-1965). Irish "Henry V", "Gilderoy Lockhart in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets", "Maj. Gen. Henning von Tresckow in Valkyrie" actor-dir.-writer-producer Sir Kenneth Charles Branagh on Dec. 10 in Belfast, Northern Ireland; husband (1989-95) of Emma Thompson (1959-); knighted in 2012. Am. 6'5" football defensive end (black) (Chicago Bears #95, 1983-93) Richard Lamar Dent on Dec. 13 in Atlanta, Ga.; educate at Tenn. State U. Am. historian Douglas Brinkley on Dec. 14 in Atlanta, Ga.; educated at Ohio State U. and Georgetown U. Am. 6'8" FBI dir. #7 (2013-7) James Brien "Jim" Comey Jr. on Dec. 14 in Yonkers, N.Y.; educated at the College of William and Mary, and U. of Chicago. English "Susan Rose in Eastenders" actress Tilly Vosburgh on Dec. 17 in London; daughter of Dick Vosburgh (1929-2007). Am. "Bobby in The Brady Bunch" actor (Mormon) Mike Lookinland on Dec. 19 in Mount Pleasant, Utah. Am. scholar (Shiite Muslim?) Vali Reza Nasr on Dec. 20 in Tehran; emigrates to the U.S. in 1980; educated at Tufts U., and MIT. Am. Neo-Expressionist artist (black) Jean-Michel Basquiat (d. 1988) on Dec. 22 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Haitian immigrant father, Puerto Rican descent mother; first African descent artist to become an internat. star. Am. rapper Luther R. "Uncle Luke" "Luke Skyywalker" Campbell (2 Live Crew) on Dec. 22 in Miami, Fla. Am. country singer-musician Chuck Mead (BR549) on Dec. 22. Chinese serial killer Charles Chi-Tat Ng on Dec. 24 in Hong Kong. Israeli politician (Arab Muslim) Taleb el-Sana (Talab al-Sana) on Dec. 25 in Tel Arad. English actress Maryam D'Abo on Dec. 27 in London; cousin of Manfred Mann lead vocalist Michael d'Abo (1944-); first cousin once removed of Olivia d'Abo (1969-). Canadian 5'11" hockey player Raymond Jean "Ray" Bourque on Dec. 28 in Saint-Laurent, Quebec. Am. actor-producer Chad McQueen on Dec. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Steve McQueen (1930-80). Am. serial murderer (black) (Nation of Islam) John Allen Muhammad (Williams) (d. 2009) on Dec. 31 in Baton Rouge, La. Burkinabe Gen. Gilbert Diendere (Diendéré) on ? in Upper Volta. Am. country singer-musician Marty Roe (Diamond Rio) on Dec. 28 in Lebanon, Ohio; named after Marty Robbins. Afghan foreign minister (2001-5) Abdullah Abdullah on ? in Kabul. Irish "The Dark Fields" novelist Alan Glynn on ? in Dublin; educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Am. "The End of Nature" environmentalist William Ernest "Bill" McKibben on ? in Palo Alto, Calif.; grows up in Lexington, Mass; educated at Harvard U. English writer (Muslim) Shaykh Abdal Hakim Murad (Timothy John "Tim" Winter) on ? in London; educated at Westminster School, Pembroke College, and Cambridge U. Am. "Dreamships" sci-fi novelist (lesbian) Melissa Scott in Little Rock, Ark.; educated at Harvard U. and Brandeis U.; collaborator of Lisa A. Barnett (1958-2006). Lebanese "The Black Swan" economist Nassim (Nessim) (Nissim) Nicholas Taleb on ? in Amioun; educated at the U. of Paris, and Wharton School. Am. economist Andrew Wen-Chuan Lo on ? in Hong Kong; educated at Yale U., and Harvard U. Am. historian Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom on ? in ?; educated at Havard U., and UCB. Deaths: Am. Boston socialite Harriet Hemenway (b. 1858). English novelist-playwright Eden Phillpotts (b. 1862) on Dec. 29 in Broadclyst, Devon. Am. writer Mark Antony De Wolfe Howe Jr. (b. 1864) on Dec. 6 in Cambridge, Mass. U.S. Sen. (D-S.D.) (1931-43) William Bulow (b. 1869) on Feb. 26. Irish writer Seaumus MacManus (b. 1869). French neon lamp inventor Georges Claude (b. 1870) on May 23 in Saint-Cloud; dies while serving a life sentence for treason for collaborating with the Nazis. Swedish composer Hugo Alfven (d. 1872) on May 8. French poet Paul Fort (b. 1872) on Apr. 20. Am. etiquette columnist Emily Post (b. 1872) on Sept. 25 in New York City. Polish Gen. Jozef Haller (b. 1873) on June 4 in London, England. Canadian PM (1920-1, 1926) Arthur Meighen (b. 1874) on Aug. 5 in Toronto, Ont. Am. industrialist John D. Rockefeller Jr. (b. 1874) on May 27 in Tucson, Ariz. Syrian statesman Hasim al-Atassi (b. 1875) on Dec. 5 in Homs. Am. Montgomery Ward CEO Sewell Avery (b. 1875) on Oct. 31 in Chicago, Ill.; leaves a $20M fortune. French sculptor Henri Bouchard (b. 1875) on Nov. 30 in Paris. French physicist Maurice de Broglie (b. 1875) on July 14 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. English actress-mgr. Lillah McCarthy (b. 1875) on Apr. 15. Am. anthropologist A.L. Kroeber (b. 1876) on Oct. 5. East German pres. (1949-60) Wilhelm Pieck (b. 1876) on Sept. 7 in East Berlin (heart attack). German Adm. Erich Raeder (b. 1876) on Nov. 6 in Kiel. Hungarian pianist-composer Ernst von Dohnanyi (b. 1877) on Feb. 9. Am. illustrator James Montgomery Flagg (b. 1877) on May 27 in New York City. U.S. asst. Navy secy. (1929-33) Ernest Lee Jahncke (b. 1877) on Nov. 16 in New Orleans, La. Am. naval historian Dudley Wright Knox (b. 1877) on June 11 in Bethesda, Md. Am. country musician Samantha Bumgarner (b. 1878) on Dec. 24. Dutch physicist Wander Johannes de Haas (b. 1878) on Apr. 26 in Bilthoven. Turkish Kurdish religious leader Said Nursi (b. 1878) on Mar. 23 in Urfa. German physicist Max von Laue (b. 1879) on Apr. 24 in Berlin; 1914 Nobel Physics Prize. English actor Ernest Thesiger (b. 1879) on Jan. 14 in London. Canadian-born Am. Keystone Kops dir. Mack Sennett (b. 1880) on Nov. 5 in Woodland Hills, Calif. English archeologist Sir Charles Leonard Woolley (b. 1880) on Feb. 20. Soviet physicist Abram Joffe (b. 1880) on Oct. 14 in Leningrad. Am. sliced bread machine inventor Otto Rohwedder (b. 1880) on Nov. 8 in Concord, Mich. Canadian movie pioneer Mack Sennett (b. 1880) on Nov. 5 in Woodland Hills, Calif.; "The joke of life is the fall of dignity"; "Anyone who tells you he has invented something new is a fool or a liar or both." Am. "Tinks to Evers to Chance" humorous journalist Franklin Pierce Adams (FPA) (b. 1881) on Mar. 23: "Health is the thing that makes you feel that now is the best time of the year." Am. modernist artist John Covert (b. 1881). English radar pioneer Sir Arthur Percy Morris Fleming (b. 1881) on Sept. 14 on the Isle of Wight. Kiwi plastic surgeon Sir Harold Gillies (b. 1882) on Sept. 10 in Marylebone, London, England. German financier Wilhelm Keppler (b. 1882) on June 13 in Friedrichshafen, Baden-Wurttemberg, West Gemany. Austrian-born British child psychologist Melanie Klein (b. 1882) on Sept. 22. Am. suffragist Sylvia Pankhurst (b. 1882) on Sept. 27 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (heart attack); dies unwed after becoming an unwed mother at age 45. Scottish-born Am. mathematician Eric Temple Bell (b. 1883) on Dec. 21 in Watsonville, Calif. Mexican anthropologist Manuel Gamio (b. 1883). German Gen. Walter Kuntze (b. 1883) on Apr. 1 in Detmold. Canadian hockey star Lester Patrick 9b. 1883) on June 1 in Victoria, B.C. Am. original Indy Jones naturalist Roy Chapman Andrews (b. 1884) on Mar. 11 in Carmel-by-the-Sea, Calif. German Field Marshal Albert Kesselring (b. 1885) on July 16 in Bad Nauheim (heart failure) - from arsenic and old lace? Canadian hockey star Frank Patrick (b. 1885) on June 29 in Vancouver, B.C. Sri Lankan-born British intel operative Harry St. John "Jack" Philby (b. 1885) on Sept. 30 in Beirut (heart attack); last words (to son Kim Philby): "God, I'm bored." Russian ballerina Ida Rubinstein (b. 1885) on Sept. 20 in Vence, France. Am. country musician Gid Tanner (b. 1885) on May 13 in Dacula, Ga. German pianist-conductor Edwin Fischer (b. 1886) on Jan. 24 in London. Scottish-born Am. film dir. Frank Lloyd (b. 1886) on Aug. 10 in Santa Monica, Calif. English actor George Zucco (b. 1886) on May 27 in Hollywood, Calif. (pneumonia). Austrian-born Am. "Grand Hotel" novelist Vicki Baum (b. 1888) on Aug. 29 in Hollywood, Calif.: "To be a Jew is a destiny"; "Pity is the deadliest feeling that can be offered to a woman." Spanish soprano Lucrezia Bori (b. 1887) on May 14 in New York City (cerebral hemorrhage). Am. architect Burnham Hoyt (b. 1887) on Apr. 6 in Denver, Colo. (Parkinson's); designed Lake Junior H.S., Riverside Church, Red Rocks Amphitheater, and the Denver Public Library. Am. circus clown (world's funniest?) Bobby Clark (b. 1888) on Feb. 12 in New York City. German-Swiss actor-dramatist Curt Goetz (b. 1888) on Sept. 12 in Grabs, St. Gallen. Polish-born British historian Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (b. 1888) on Aug. 19: "It did not require either 1914, or 1933, or 1939 to teach me the truth about the Germans. Long before the last war I considered them a deadly menace to Europe and the civilisation." Australian children's illustrator Ida Rentoul Outhwaite (b. 1888) on June 25. German film actress Henny Porten (b. 1888) on Oct. 15. Polish global activist Jozef Retinger (b. 1888) on June 12 in London, England. English civil engineer Arthur Clifford Hartley (b. 1889) on Jan. 20 in London. French poet Pierre Reverdy (b. 1889) on June 17 in Solesmes: "Art begins when randomness ends, although randomness enriches it"; "A glass of papaya juice/and back to work. My heart is in my/pocket. It is Poems by Pierre Reverdy." (Frank O'Hara) Am. dir.-writer Gene Fowler (b. 1890) on July 2 in Los Angeles, Calif.: "Men are not against you; they are merely for themselves." German Reich economic minister Walther Funk (b. 1890) on May 31. Norwegian novelist Sigurd Hoel (b. 1890) on Oct. 14 (heart attack). English astronomer Sir Harold Spencer Jones (b. 1890) on Nov. 3 in London. Russian "Doctor Zhivago" novelist Boris Pasternak (b. 1890) on May 30 in Peredelkino (lung cancer): "Man is born to live, not to prepare for life." Am. anti-Joseph McCarthy atty. Joseph Nye Welch (b. 1890) on Oct. 6 in Hyannis, Mass. (heart failure). German actor Hans Albers (b. 1891) on July 24 in Starnberg. Am. country singer A.P. Carter (b. 1891) on Nov. 7 in Kingsport, Tenn. Am. "Their Eyes Were Watching God" novelist Zora Neale Hurston (b. 1891) on Jan. 28 in Fort Pierce, Fla.; dies in poverty. Am. baritone John Charles Thomas (b. 1891) on Dec. 13 in Apple Valley, Calif. U.S. Rep. (R-Mass.) (1928-58) Richard Bowditch Wigglesworth (b. 1891) on Oct. 22 in Boston, Mass. Hungarian operetta composer Paul Abraham (b. 1892) on May 6 in Hamburg. Afghan king (1919-29) Amanullah (b. 1892) on Apr. 25 in Zurich, Switzerland (in exile since 1929). German-born Am. astronomer Walter Baade (b. 1893) on June 25 in Gottingen, Germany. Am. "The Late George Apley" novelist John P. Marquand (b. 1893) on July 16 in Kent's Island (near Newburyport), Mass. (heart attack). Argentine boxer Luis Angel Firpo (b. 1894) on Aug. 7. Am. librettist and stage producer Oscar Hammerstein II (b. 1895) on Aug. 23 in Doylestown, Penn. (stomach cancer); the lights are dimmed on Broadway and in London in his memory. Am. actor Lucien Littlefield (b. 1895) on June 4 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. La. gov. #45 (1939-40, 1948-52, 1956-60) (son of Huey P. Long) Earl Kemp Long (b. 1895) on Sept. 5 in Alexandria, La. (heart attack); dies after being declared a paranoid schizophrenic and placed in a mental hospital in May 1959 at the request of his wife Blanche, then gaining release by dismissing the hospital suptd. and appointing his replacement; leaves the soundbyte: "When I die... I want to be buried in Louisiana so I can stay active in politics"; leaves $50K in his will to his notorious red-haired stripper babe Blaze Starr (1932-), which she refuses. Am. "Bring Up Baby" screenwriter Dudley Nichols (b. 1895) on Jan. 4 in Hollywood, Calif.; first artist to refuse an Oscar before George C. Scott and Marlon Brando. Am. physician Ossian Sweet (b. 1895) on Mar. 20 in Detroit, Mich. Am. "Honey in the Horn" novelist Harold Lenoir Davis (b. 1896) on Oct. 31 in San Antonio, Tex. (heart attack). Greek-born Am. composer-conductor-pianist Dimitri Mitropoulos (b. 1896) on Nov. 2 in Milan, Italy; dies during a rehearsal at La Scala of the opening movement of Gustav Mahler's 3rd Symphony, bar #86. British Labour politician Aneurin Bevan (b. 1897) on July 6 in Chesham, Buckinghamshire (cancer). Polish-born British internat. lawyer Sir Hersch Lauterpacht (b. 1897) on May 8 in London: "International law is the vanishing point of law." Italian shoe designer Salvatore Ferragamo (b. 1898) on Aug. 7 in Florence. Malaysian sultan (1938-42, 1945-60) Hisamuddin Alam Shah (b. 1898) on Sept. 1 in Kuala Lumpur. Am. actor Ian Keith (b. 1899) on Mar. 26 in New York City. English-born Australian "On the Beach" novelist Nevil Shute (b. 1899) on Jan. 12 in Melbourne. Kiwi plastic surgeon Sir Archibald McIndoe (b. 1900) on Apr. 11 in London, England (heart attack). Am. sociologist Samuel Andrew Stouffer (b. 1900) on Aug. 24 (cancer). Italian historian-politician Federico Chabod (b. 1901) on July 14 in Rome. Am. "Rhett Butler in Gone With the Wind" actor Clark Gable (b. 1901) on Nov. 16 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack); dies a few days after the film "The Misfits" wraps; "He was as masculine as any man I've ever known, and as much a little boy as a grown man could be; it was this combination that had such a devastating effect on women" (Doris Day). Am. aviator Ruth Rowland Nichols (b. 1901) on Sept. 25 in New York City (OD). Am. composer-lyricist Phil Charig (b. 1902) on July 21. Am. "Wagon Train" actor Ward Bond (b. 1903) on Nov. 5 in Dallas, Tex. (heart attack). Am. FBI agent Melvin Purvis (b. 1903) on Feb. 29 in Florence, S.C. (suicide); kills himself with the same pistol he used to kill John Dillinger? Dutch novelist Anna Blaman (b. 1905) on July 13 in Aldaar (cerebral embolism). Am. "Bus Stop" film producer Buddy Adler (b. 1909) on July 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. writer Richard Wright (b. 1908) on Nov. 28 in Paris (heart attack or murder?). Am. blues singer Gladys Bentley (b. 1907) on Jan. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. actress Margaret Sullavan (b. 1909) on Jan. 1 in New Haven, Conn. (accidental sleeping pill OD); her daughter Bridget Hayward (b. 1939) deliberately ODs on sleeping pills on Oct. 8 in New York City; actress Bridget Fonda (1964-) is named after her: "I don't think I've ever known one... star who was successfully able to combine a career and family life." English philosopher J.L. Austin (b. 1911) on Feb. 8 in Oxford (lung cancer). Swedish tenor Jussi Bjoerling (b. 1911) on Sept. 9 in Siaro (near Stockholm) (heart failure). Pakistani prince Aly Khan (b. 1911) on May 12 in Paris. Am. baritone Leonard Warren (b. 1911) on Mar. 4 in New York City (cerebral hemorrhage); dies on stage at the Met during a performance of "La Forza del Destino" in the title role of Simon Boccanegra. Am. poet Audrey Wurdemann (b. 1911) on May 20 in Miami, Fla. French existentialist car accident Albert Camus (b. 1913) on Jan. 4 in Villeblevin (near Sens) (existential car accident); 1957 Nobel Lit. Prize: "Against eternal injustice, man must assert justice, and to protest against the universe of grief, he must create happiness"; "I do not believe in God and I am not an atheist"; "I would rather live my life as if there is a God and die to find out there isn't than live my life as if there isn't and die to find out there is"; "No, I am not an existentialist. Sartre and I are always surprised to see our names linked" - the good cease to exist absurdly young? Am. Coors heir Adolph Coors III (b. 1916) on Feb. 9 in Colo. (murdered). Am. "Imperium" rightist writer Francis Parker Yockey (b. 1917) on June 16 in San Francisco, Calif.; commits suicide via cyanide in jail while in FBI custody; his disciple Willis Carto (1926-) (founder of Liberty Lobby in 1955) founds the Nat. Youth Alliance on Nov. 15, 1968 to promote his philosophy of allying with the Soviet Union against the U.S. to help Western culture survive the threat of the real Communism rampant in the in Zionist-controlled West. Am. rapist Caryl Chessman (b. 1921) on May 2 in San Quentin State Prison, Calif. (executed by gas chamber). Am. jazz musician Oscar Pettiford (b. 1922) on Sept. 8 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Am. "The Battle of New Orleans" country singer Johnny Horton (b. 1925) on Nov. 5 in Milano, Tex. (head-on collision on a narrow bridge with an intoxicated truck driver). Am. auto racer Jimmy Bryan (b. 1926) on June 19 (auto accident at Langhorne Speedway in Penn.). Am. rockabilly musician Eddie Cochran (b. 1938) on Apr. 17 in Bath, Somerset, England (traffic accident in a taxicab); songwriter Sharon Sheeley and singer Gene Vincent survive the crash; taxi driver George Martin is convicted of dangerous driving and sentenced to 6 mo. in jail.
1961 Doomsday Clock: 7 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Ox (Feb. 15). Time Mag. Man of the Year: John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (1917-63). The first same-upside-down year since 1881 (next 6009). The Golden Age of Hijackings begins in the U.S. (ends 1972). Speaking of a shitty year? The 7th Cholera (El-Tor) Pandemic (first 1817) begins in Indonesia, spreading to Bangladesh in 1963, India in 1964, the Soviet Union in 1966, Baku in 1972, then North Africa and Italy by 1973, finally reaching Japan and the South Pacific before petering out in the 1970s. The famine in China (begun 1959) ends, causing a baby boom. An economic crisis hits Britain, aggravating class warfare, with South African-born British Communist leader Edward "Ted" Grant (1913-2006) uttering the soundbyte: "The only remedy for the Tory witch doctors is to bleed the victim in the new economic squeeze for the benefit of their millionaire paymasters." There are only 140 independent breweries in the U.S. (230 total). On Jan. 1 the farthing (in use since the 13th cent.) ceases to be legal tender in the U.K.; on Mar. 13 B&W £5 notes cease to be legal tender. On Jan. 2 Minn. defeats Washington by 17-7 to win the 1961 Rose Bowl; the Great Rose Bowl Prank of 1961 sees the "Fiendish 14" Caltech students (who are unhappy at never getting to compete in the event even though they live close by) sneak into the cheerleaders' room and swap the instruction sheets for the 2,232 seats, causing images #12 and following to read "HUSKIES SEIKSUH CALTECH". On Jan. 3 the U.S. severs diplomatic relations with Cuba - that won't last long, duh? On Jan. 3 a nuclear reactor at the Nat. Reactor Testing Station near Idaho Falls, Idaho explodes, killing three technicians. On Jan. 4-7 the Casablanca Group, incl. Morocco, Ghana, Guinea, Mali and UAR meets in Casablanca, Morroco to found a NATO-type org. in Africa for common defense; in 1963 they merge into the OAU. On Jan. 5 Mister Ed debuts on CBS-TV for 143 episodes (until Feb. 6, 1966), becoming the first mid-season replacement show; it originally debut from Jan. 5-July 2 in syndication; English-born Alan Young (1919-) plays architect Wilbur Post, and Bamboo Harvester (1946-1979) plays the horse, Mr. Ed (palomino Am. Saddlebred), voiced by former B-Western star Allan "Rocky" Lane (1909-73). On Jan. 6 the U.S. federal courts order the U. of Georgia in Athens to desegregate, after which black students Charlayne Hunter (Hunter-Gault) (1942-) and Hamilton E. "Hamp" Holmes (1941-95) are admitted amidst racist hooters. On Jan. 8 a referendum in France backs Charles de Gaulle's policies on independence for Algeria. On Jan. 9 the British announce the uncovering of a large Soviet spy ring in London. On Jan. 11 the Throg's Neck Bridge in Bronx, N.Y. over the East River at Long Island Sound to Bayside, Queens, N.Y., designed by Swiss-born Othmar Hermann Ammann (1879-1965) opens, relieving traffic on the 1939 Whitestone Bridge. In early Jan. vice-pres. Richard Nixon, following Art. II Sec. 2 of the U.S. Constitution ("shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Reps... open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted") counts the votes as 303 to 219 for Kennedy (with 15 Dixiecrats for Harry Byrd), becoming the first vice-pres. since Breckinridge in 1861 to attest to his own defeat. On Jan. 17 exiled Congo PM Patrice Lumumba (b. 1925) is spirited along wih two of his ministers on a Sabena Airlines DC-4 airliner to Katanga,then assassinated at the orders of interior minister Godefroid Munongo (1925-), making him a martyr; on Feb. 13 the Congolese govt. tries a coverup, announcing that he was killed by villagers; in 2001 a Belgian govt. commission declares that the Belgian govt. bears "moral responsiblity" for the murder; did King Baudoin and his Belgian govt. conspire to kill Congo's first democratically-elected PM because he was going to nationalize their mining interests in Katanga, check back with me when the screenplay's finished? On Jan. 17 Pres. Eisenhower and Canadian PM John G. Diefenbaker sign a treaty in Washington, D.C. for the joint development of the Columbia River Basin. Monday morning couldn't guarantee what? On Jan. 17 (Tues.) outgoing U.S. Pres. Eisenhower gives Ike's Farewell Address from the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, D.C., which is broadcast live on radio and TV, coining the phrase "Military-Industrial Complex" (MIC), with the soundbytes: "I wish I could say tonight that a lasting peace is in sight. Happily, I can say that war has been avoided", and that the Cold War is a "prolonged and complex struggle with liberty at stake"; He then throws conspiracy theorists a bone with "This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience", concluding "In the councils of government we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the Military-Industrial Complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist"; the MIC then does just what he warned, and gets away with it?; as Pres. Eisenhower leaves office, there are only 900 "advisers" in Vietnam. On Jan. 20 salesman Oscar Deslatte and mgr. Fred Sewell of the Bolton Ford Dealership in New Orleans, La. are visited by two members of the anti-Castro Friends of Dem. Cuba, and the first, Joseph Moore, orders 10 trucks on the condition of a special discount for a nonprofit org., telling Deslatte to put the 2nd man's name on the bid, Oswald; the Jan. 6 articles of incorporation list Oswald, ex-FBI agent W. Buy Banister, and steamship shipping co. owner Gerard F. Tujague, who employed Lee Harvey Oswald as a messenger from Nov. 10, 1955 - Jan. 14, 1956; the trucks are to be used in the Bay of Pigs invasion? Knocking on Heaven's Door, or Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, or King Arthur and the Days of Camelot come to the White House, only to be defeated by the mean Dragon of the MIC? On Jan. 20 (Fri.) 43-y.-o. charisma-maximus Mass.-born Harvard-educated WWII Navy PT-boat hero (first to be knocked-off by the Military-Industrial Complex?) John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (1917-63) becomes the 35th U.S. pres. (until Nov. 22, 1963) in the 51st U.S. Pres. Inauguration in Washington, D.C. (youngest pres. until?) (first Boy Scout pres.) (first Gemini pres.) (first pres. with an air-conditioned limo) (continues the tradition of all Mass.-born presidents being born in Norfolk County, incl. John Adams and John Quincy Adams); "from a medical standpoint, he was a mess", having been hospitalized more than three dozen times and given last rites 3x; snowiest inauguration (8 in. of snow) until ?; Robert Frost delivers his poem The Gift Outright ("The land was ours before we were the land's"); Stonewall, Tex.-born U.S. Sen. (D-Tex.) (since Jan. 3, 1949) Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-73) becomes the 37th U.S. vice-pres. (until Nov. 22, 1963); JFK makes wearing hats uncool for decades to come?; the inaug. theme is "World Peace Through New Frontiers"; JFK's Inauguration Address, mainly written by his "intellectual blood bank" advisor Theodore Chaikin "Ted" Sorensen (1928-) (a Nebraskan with a Danish father and Russian Jewish mother), incl. the soundbytes: "The world is very different now, for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe: the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty"; "Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all minkind? Will you join in that historic effort? In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility, I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for you country"; he adds "I now invite all nations, incl. the Soviet Union to join with us in developing a weather prediction program, in a new communications satellite program), and in preparation for probing the distant planets of Mars and Venus, probes which may someday unlock the secrets of the Universe"; on Jan. 21 JFK's brother Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy (1925-68) becomes U.S. atty.-gen., with JFK explaining that it's "to give him... experience before he goes out to practice law" (which is OK despite nepotism because the Nixon Doctrine says that if the president does it it isn't illegal?); Yale U. grad Burke Marshall (1922-2003) is appointed by RFK as asst. atty.-gen. in charge of the U.S. Justice Dept.'s Civil Rights Div. (until Dec. 1964), initially chosen because he's not a known civil rights leader and turning JFK off, who says "I have nothing in common with that man", but who later distinguishes himself by using the U.S. govt. power to regulate interstate commerce as the tool to force black civil rights on states rather than the more obvious 14th Amendment; Dem. Pierre Emil George Salinger (1925-2004) (Jewish father, French Catholic mother) becomes White House press. secy., continuing with LBJ after JFK's death; Repub. Clarence Douglas (Douglass) Dillon (1909-2003) becomes treasury secy. #57 (until 1965); after turning down the treasury secy. job, Oakland, Calif.-born Repub. Robert Strange McNamara (1916-2009) ("an IBM machine with legs") (whose portrait resembles actor James Stewart crossed with a Scottish Terrier and Giant Poodle?) (pres. of Ford Motor Co. for five weeks, first who wasn't a descendant of Henry Ford, one of the Ford Whiz Kids, known for his slicked-back hair, frameless glasses, and statistical-quoting technocrat approach, who made the decision to dump the Edsel, and takes a $3M pay cut to take the $25K-a-year govt. job after visiting JFK in a snowstorm and telling him he has no experience and isn't qualified, to which JFK responds that he had no experience as pres. either but that didn't stop him) becomes U.S. defense secy. #8 (until Feb. 29, 1968) (first to exert civilian control over the military) (the Defense Dept. soaks up 10% of the GDP, and 50% of the federal budget), going on to see the U.S. and Soviet Union come to the brink of nuclear war 3x; Athens, Ga.-born "Cold War, hell it was a hot war"; Rockefeller Foundation head (a Dem. from Ga., who only takes the job after he gets a partial pension) David Dean Rusk (1909-94) becomes U.S. secy. of state #54 (until Jan. 20, 1969) after JFK snubs his too-liberal campaign foreign policy advisor Chester Bliss Bowles (1901-86) (Conn. gov. #78 in 1941-51) (who becomes undersecy., and is fired before the end of the year) for a conservative figurehead who gives an appearance of not appeasing the Commies, although Rusk is the odd man out in the admin. and a weak secy., and JFK really leans on his 25-year friend William David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech (1918-85) (British ambassador to the U.S.) and seems to know more about British than U.S. society and foreign policy, esp. U.S. civil rights, and regards Gore's boss British PM Harold Macmillan as a surrogate father after his own daddy's stroke?; on Jan. 21 Jewish-Am. Dem. Conn. gov. #80 (since Jan. 5, 1955) Abraham Alexander Ribicoff (1910-98) becomes U.S. HEW secy. #4 (until July 13, 1962); JFK goes hatless to his inaguration, and starts the trend toward 2-button suits? (easier to get out of when making out?); JFK favors John Wayne Westerns for White House viewing, and his favorite food is tomato soup with sour cream; he is a sex and drug (methamphetamime?) addict, which the press covers up; his two pet cats are named Kitten and Tom; First Lady Jacqueline Lee Bouvier "Jackie" Kennedy (1929-94) (Secret Service codename: Lace) last year hired Paris-born Am. fashion designer Oleg Cassini Loiewski (1913-2006) to create her own look, and he decided that she looks Egyptian, "the Cleopatra of the modern era", making use of her broad shoulders, flat chest, thin hips and long torso, causing her to bite big and spend $100K on haute couture clothes this year alone; she smokes cigarettes even though she is never photographed with one; Des Moines, Iowa-born fashion designer Halston (Roy Halston Frowick) (1932-90) gains fame for designing the pillbox hat work by Jackie Kennedy at JFK's inauguration, going on to redefine Am. fashion for Am. women in the mid-1970s, using cashmere and ultrasuede in relaxed urban lifestyle clothing that can be worn the entire day on any occasion; JFK orders a copy of the Robert Preston exercise song Go, You Chicken Fat, Go sent to every U.S. school; in Nov. 1960 UPI correspondent Helen Thomas (1920-) (Greek Orthodox of Lebanese descent) is assigned to the White House, becoming known as "the Sitting Buddha", sitting in the front row and asking the first question, and beginning the tradition of ending all the conferences with "Thank you, Mr. President"; she resigns from UPI on May 17, 2000 after 57 years a day after News World Communications Inc., owned by Rev. Sun Myung Moon acquires it, and joins Hearst Newspapers; after on-camera remarks about Jews needing to leave Palestine and go back to Europe surface, she retires on June 7, 2010. On Jan. 21 The Economist pub. an article on JFK's inauguration, containing the soundbyte: "He will need, as well as his brave essay in thought-out leadership, sometimes the intuitive personal flair of Roosevelt, sometimes the warm downright sense of Truman and, often, the patient humility of Lincoln. Then, indeed, many hopes may be fulfilled"; on Nov. 30, 1963 they pub. "Leader of the West", extolling the virtues of his successor LBJ, with the soundbyte: "John Kennedy has gone Lincoln's way to the end, and the many hopes now rest upon Lyndon Johnson." On Jan. 21 the Vatican establishes diplomatic relations with Turkey, sending the first nuncio Mgr. Francesco Lardone (1887-1980) to Istanbul, who becomes the first diplomat of the Holy See since Isidore of Kiev (Thessalonica) (1385-1463) in 1458 to enter the city. On Jan. 23 after he refuses to endorse JFK before the Dem. Convention, pissing-off JFK and causing him to snub him for secy. of state and give him the choice of atty. gen., ambassador to the U.K., or this, Los Angeles, Calif.-born former Dem. Ill. gov. #31 (1949-53) Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (1900-65) (who served on the committee that created the U.N., and on the early U.S. delegations to it) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #5 (until July 14, 1965), going on to be treated as a bit player and kept from knowing about the Apr. 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion in advance, giving a speech to the U.N. Gen. Assembly with the CIA coverstory that there was no U.S. involvement, embarrassing him but not enough to resign. On Jan. 24 a U.S. B-52 Stratofortress carrying two 2.4MT nuclear bombs crashes near Goldsboro, N.C. On Jan. 24 Duluth, Minn.-born folk singer Bob Dylan (Robert Allen Zimmerman) (1941-) first comes to New York City, visiting his idol Woody Guthrie then settling down in Greenwich Village to join the protest folk music scene, sometimes going by the name Elston Gunn, forming a tight circle of artists and writers at the Gaslight Cafe on MacDougal St. incl. Victor Maymudes (1935-2001) (bodyguard/mgr.), Philip David "Phil" Ochs (1940-76), Eric Andersen (1941-), David Kenneth Ritz "Dave" Van Ronk (1936-2002), Thomas Richard "Tom" Paxton (1937-), Robert "Bob" Neuwirth (1939-), and David Blue (Stuart David Cohen) (1941-82). On Jan. 25 Pres. Kennedy holds the first pres. news conference broadcast live on TV and radio, announcing that the Soviets have freed the two last crewmen of the USAF RB-47 recon plane shot down last July 1. On Jan. 25 a rightist coup in El Salvador halts "leftist excesses"; in Apr. elections give a big V to the new U.S.-backed anti-Communist Party of Nat. Conciliation, led by Julio Adalberto Rivera (1921-73), who becomes pres. of El Salvador (until 1967). On Jan. 26 pain-wracked Pres. Kennedy appoints Janet Graeme Travell (1901-97), "the Mother of Myofascial Trigger Point Treatment" as his personal pres. physician, becoming the first woman. On Jan. 27 Sing Along With Mitch debuts on NBC-TV for 42 episodes (until 1963), hosted by bandleader Mitchell William "Mitch" Miller (1911-2010), featuring "follow the bouncing ball", pioneering karoke. On Jan. 30 JFK's First State of the Union Address starts out "It is a pleasure to return from whence I came", and ends with the soundbyte "Life in 1961 will not be easy. Wishing it, predicting it, even asking for it, will not make it so. There will be further setbacks before the tide is turned. But turn it we must. The hopes of all mankind rest upon us, not simply upon those of us in this chamber, but upon the peasant in Laos, the fisherman in Nigeria, the exile from Cuba, the spirit that moves every man and nation who shares our hopes for freedom and the future. And in the final analysis, they rest most of all upon the pride and perseverance of our fellow citizens of the great republic." On Jan. 30 Hanna-Barbera Productions' animated series The Yogi Bear Show debuts in syndication for 33 episodes (until Jan. 6, 1962), starring Yogi Bear (voiced by Daws Butler, who tries to impersonate Art Carney), "smarter than the average bear", who lives in Jellystone Park and likes to steal picnic baskets, and his sidekick Boo-Boo Bear (voiced by Don Messick), who try to evade Ranger Smith (voiced by Don Messick); Yogi's babe is Cindy Bear (voiced by Julie Bennett); features the segments "Snagglepuss" and "Yakky Doodle". On Jan. 31 37 lb. Ham the Chimp (Astrochimp) (1956-83) becomes the first animal put by the U.S. into orbit aboard Mercury-Redstone 2 to test the Project Mercury capsule; African-Am. mathematician Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson (1918-) works as a computor for NASA calculating trajectories, going on to work for the Apollo and Space Shuttle programs, receiving a Pres. Medal of Freedom in 2015. On Jan. 31 after he delivers a lecture at McGill U. questioning the right of Israel to exist and equating Israelis to Nazis, labeling Judaism a "fossil", the Montreal Debate on Israel between British historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975) and Israeli ambassador to Canada Yaacov Herzog (1921-72) (brother of Chaim Herzog) before a nat. audience sees Herzog getting Toynbee to admit that all nations sometimes commit murder and is no reason to single-out Israel to question its right to exist, and also that "Israel can defossilize, just as you can defrost a car", making him an Israeli hero. On Jan. 31 after blaming his pedecessor Juscelino Kubitschek for inflation, Janio da Silva Quadros (1917-92) becomes pres. #22 of Brazil, going on to outlaw gambling and prohibit women from wearing bikinis on the beach, attempting to achieve a neutralist foreign policy and establishing relations with Cuba and the Soviet Union, causing the UDN Party in Congress to withdraw support, leaving him with no real power; on Aug. 25 he resigns as a ruse to be returned by popular acclamation after getting scared by his leftist vice-pres. (who hung on since 1956), rich former estancieiro Joao (João) Belchior Marques "Jango" Goulart (1919-76), only to have the legislature accept his resignation; on Sept. 8 Goulart becomes pres. #24 of Brazil (until Apr. 1, 1964), going on to expropriate oil refineries and uncultivated land owned by foreign cos., and institute land reforms, pissing-off the conservative elements, leading to a right-wing coup; meanwhile on Aug. 25-Sept. 8 chamber of deputies pres. (1958-65) Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli (1910-75) babysits as pres. #23 for two weeks, and for another two weeks (Apr. 2-15, 1964) as pres. #25. On Feb. 1 the U.S. makes its first test-launch of the LGM-30A Minuteman 1 ICBM,; the system becomes operational next year, followed by the Minuteman 2 in 1965, and the Minuteman 3 in 1970; as of 2015 there are 450 Minuteman-III missiles deployed in Malmstrom AFB, Mont., Minot AFB, N.D., and Warren AFB, Wyo.; in 2018 50 are put in reserve. On Feb. 2 Pres. Kennedy delivers a Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth, advocating an economic stimulus to revive the economy along with increased anti-poverty spending. On Feb. 3 Red China buys $60M worth of grain from Canada. On Feb. 4 after the Portuguese insist on staying, pissing-off the Communist-led natives, the Portuguese Colonial (Overseas) War (of Liberation) in Angola (ends Apr. 25, 1974) begins with an uprising of Africans in Luanda, led by the Nat. Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), founded on July 14, 1954 as the Union of Peoples of Angola (UPA) by Holden Alvaro (Álvaro) Roberto (1923-2007); on Mar. 13 Adlai E. Stevenson votes against Portuguese policies in Africa in the U.N. Security Council; on Mar. 15 4K-5K Bakongo rebels attack strategic locations in N Angola, killing 1K+ whites and seizing their farms, with Roberto uttering the soundbyte "This time the slaves did not cower"; on Apr. 18 Portugal sends its first military reinforcements to Angola; on Apr. 25 Roberto meets with Pres. Kennedy, causing Ghanaian pres. Kwame Nkrumah to turn him down for aid; on June 9 the U.N. Security Council votes 9-0-2 (France, U.K.) for Resolution 163, affirming U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1603 declaring Angola a non-self-governing territory and calling on Portugal to go along; in Mar. 1962 the UPA merges with the Dem. Party of Angola to form the FNLA, establishing the Rev. Govt. of Angola in Exile (GRAE) in Kinshasa on Mar. 27, with Jonas Savimbi as foreign minister, after which Roberto divorces his wife and marries a woman from the village of the wife of Zairian pres. Mobutu Sese Soko to establish a political alliance; in 1963-9 Israel gives it aid. On Feb. 9 Pres. Kennedy delivers a Special Message to the Congress on Health and Hospital Care, recommending "enactment of a health insurance program under the Social Security system", advocating an economic stimulus to revive the economy along with increased anti-poverty spending, causing Congress to pass six laws by June, providing $200M in extra welfare payments to 750K families, $800M in extended unemployment benefits to 3M, $175M in higher wages, and 420K new construction jobs under the new Housing Act. On Feb. 12 the Soviet Union launches the Venera 1 probe towards Venus; on Feb. 19 contact is lost; on May 19-20 it becomes the first manmade object to pass by Venus, passing within 100K km then entering heliocentric orbit, and the mission is a dud. On Feb. 14 India claims that China is in "unlawful occupation" of about 12K mi. of their territory, and on May 2 charges it with intrusion on the Indian border as well as fomenting tensions among Asian nations. On Feb. 14 South Africa adopts the decimal system, and the rand becomes legal tender. On Feb. 15 a Sabena Boeing 707 airliner carrying the U.S. Olympic figure skating team crashes near Brussels, Belgium en route to a world meet in Prague, killing 72 incl. the entire team and several coaches, plus a farmer on the ground. On Feb. 16 Explorer 9 is launched by the U.S., becoming the first satellite powered by an all solid-propellant rocket. On Feb. 20 the U.S. Supreme Court in Monroe v. Pape finally allows the 1871 U.S. Civil Rights (Ku Klux Klan) Act to be used on state govts. with a lot of legal mumbo-jumbo; it still doesn't cover municipalities until Monell v. Dept. of Social Services in 1978. On Feb. 21 (Tue.) (lunchtime) the Beatles debut at the Cavern Club (10 Mathew St.) in Liverpool, making 292 appearances until Aug. 3, 1963, where rival Merseybeat band The Undertakers, fronted by John Richard "Jackie" Lomax (1944-2013) are more popular; meanwhile in Apr. they return to Hamburg and perform at the Top Ten Club, then sign with George Henry Martin (1926-2016) of Polydor on June 22, releasing My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist Bei Dir Nur) as the Beat Brothers, backing Tony Sheridan (1940-) on Oct. 31 in Germany (released on Jan. 5, 1962 by Polydor); meanwhile on Nov. 9 Brian Epstein (1934-67) sees the Beatles play for the first time at the Cavern Club, and they sign a 5-year contract with him next Jan. 24; too bad, next Jan. 1 after Epstein pays for a 1-hour audition, in which they cover Bobby Vee's "Take Good Care of My Baby", British Decca exec Richard Paul "Dick" Rowe (1921-86) turns the Beatles down in favor of Brian Poole and the Tremeloes, with the soundbyte "We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out"; Rowe later makes up for his mistake by taking George Harrison's advice and signing the Rolling Stones; too bad, after wasting their time with Pye Records, The Undertakers sign with Epstein only to have his untimely death ruin all the plans, after which the Beatles try to save Lomax's career in vain; too bad, in 1994 a court ruling allows the Hard Rock chain to sell merchandise with the Cavern Club label - talk to the hand? On Feb. 25 Pres. Kennedy appoints egghead (former Harvard dean) McGeorge "Mac" Bundy (1919-96) as nat. security advisor (until 1966); his brother William Putnam "Bill" Bundy (1917-2000) is appointed foreign affairs advisor; both are Yale U. grads, and Mac is a member of Skull & Bones; on Nov. 21, 1963 (1 day before JFK's assassination) McGeorge Bundy drafts sharp escalations to JFK's Vietnam policy called Nat. Security Action Memorandum 273, even though JFK would not have approved them, making him a suspect in the assassination conspiracy too? On Feb. 26 Moroccan king (since 1957) Mohammed V (b. 1909) dies, and his French-educated 2nd son Hassan II (1929-1999) becomes king of Morocco (until July 23, 1999), turning it into a modern pro-Western state at the expense of human rights abuses and corruption, known as the Years of Lead. On Feb. 27 James Cook U. of North Queensland (originally Univ. College of Townsville until Apr. 29, 1970) is founded, becoming the 2nd univ. in Queensland, Australia atter the U. of Queensland (1909). On Feb. 28 the South Korean govt. approves an agreement with the U.S. to increase its $207M in aid by $43M - too bad, you can't buy love? In Feb. the first Certificate of Deposits (CDs), paying a higher rate than savings accounts are offered by First Nat. City Bank of New York; initially they are only offered to corps. in denominations of $100K and up, but eventually they are opened to individuals at denominations as small as $500. On Mar. 1 Pres. Kennedy issues Executive Order 10924, establishing the Peace Corps, organized by his sister Eunice Mary Kennedy Shriver (1921-2009) (whom he dreads talking with because she's always promoting some such plan?); Congress authorizes it on Sept. 22 with the U.S. Peace Corps Act; Eunice's husband Robert Sargent Shriver Jr. (1915-) becomes the first dir.; after being proposed by Notre Dame U. pres. #15 (1952-87) Holy Cross Father Theodore Martin Hesburgh (1917-2015), who allows them to be trained at Notre Dame U. in summer 1961, the first volunteers are sent to Ghana; 1K volunteers cost $5M the first year, after which almost 200K serve as volunteers in 139 countries by the end of the cent. On Mar. 1 Eduardo Victor Haedo (1901-70) becomes pres. of Uruguay (unitl 1962); in May Communist China sends three political agitators to Montevideo via Havana to organize a trade union federation, and they remain despite attempts to deport them. On Mar. 4-Apr. 22 the U.N. Conference on Consular Relations is held at the Neue Hofburg in Vienna; on Apr. 18 the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is opened for signing, providing a framework for diplomatic relations between countries, specifying the privileges of a diplomatic mission and forming the legal basis for diplomatic immunity, becoming the cornerstone of modern internat. relations; by Feb. 2017 it is ratified by 191 states; it is followed on Apr. 24, 1963 by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, which by 2018 is ratified by 179 states. On Mar. 8 the first U.S. Polaris-equipped nuclear subs arrive in Holy Loch in W Scotland. On Mar. 8 U.S. pilot Max Conrad (1903-79) finishes circumnavigating the Earth in a record 8 days, 18 hours and 49. min. in a twin-engine Piper Aztec; in 1966 he reverses the direction, going E to promote Expo '67 in a twin-engine Piper Comanche; in 1968-70 he unsuccessfully tries doing it over the poles. On Mar. 13 a dam bursts on the Dnieper River in the Soviet Union, killing 145. On Mar. 13 Pres. Kennedy proposes a long-term Alliance for Progress between the U.S. and Latin Am. at a White House reception for Latin Am. diplomats, ending with the soundbyte "Let us once again transform the American Continent into a vast crucible of revolutionary ideas and efforts, a tribute to the power of the creative energies of free men and women, an example to all the world that liberty and progress walk hand in hand. Let us once again awaken our American Revolution until it guides the struggles of people everywhere, not with an imperialism of force or fear but the rule of courage and freedom and hope for the future of man." On Mar. 16 the first Mini-Cooper minicabs go into service in London to compete with the large comfy Austin taxicabs; meanwhile souped-up versions become popular for private owners in "Swinging London". On Mar. 15 U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam (since Mar. 1957) Elbridge Durbrow (1903-97) is replaced by conservative Va. Dem. Frederick E. "Fritz" Nolting Jr. (1911-89) as U.S. ambassador to Vietnam (until June 27, 1963), who arrives in Saigon in May as the Viet Cong begin to dominate the countryside and assassinate village chieftains, changing the U.S. policy from being honest with Diem to being nice to him? On Mar. 18 a ceasefire takes effect in Algeria. On Mar. 20 the Royal Shakespeare Co. in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England is officially established, with the old Shakespeare Memorial Theatre renamed the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. On Mar. 23 JFK gives a news conference on Laos, stating that he supports "strongly and unreservedly... the goal of a neutral and independent Laos, tied to no outside power or group of powers, and threatening no one, and free from any domination"; too bad, the Pentagon wants to move in with bombing of Hanoi and China, and even proposes nukes, but he refuses, telling W. Averell Harriman "I want a negotiated settlement in Laos. I don't want to put troops in", and walking out of a meeting with top military advisors after they suggest using nukes in Berlin and Southeast Asia, saying "These people are crazy." On Mar. 25 after Pres. Eisenhower signs Public Law 85-344 in 1858, allowing the Pacific War Memorial Commission to raise $500K, raising only $155K by 1960, causing Col. Parker to step in, Elvis Presley holds a benefit concert at the Bloch Arena in Pearl Harbor, Honolulu for the USS Arizona Memorial in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, wearing a gold lame jacket with silver sequin lapels, singing 15 songs in 45 min., becoming his last concert for eight years; after the benefit raises $60K, donations pick up, and the goal of $500K is reached by Sept. On Mar. 27 Imam Ahmed of Yemen (1891-1962) is seriously wounded in an assassination attempt, and on Oct. 13 delegates his powers to his son Mohammed (Muhammad) (Muhammad) al-Badr (1926-96), who becomes the last Shiite imam of Yemen next year after his daddy's Sept. 19 death (until 1970). On Mar. 29 the Twenty-Third (23rd) (XXIII) Amendment is ratified, allowing the mainly black residents of the District of Columbia to appoint pres. electors and vote in U.S. pres. elections, starting in 1964, when it has three electoral votes, all of which but one go for the Dem. candidate until ? On Mar. 30 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed in New York City, updating the 1931 Paris Convention to incl. cannabis and synthetic opioids, and making it easier to incl. new ones in the future. In Mar.-July Operation Mural sees Israel smuggle in 500+ Jewish children from Morocco. On Apr. 5 after the Dutch govt. tries to prepare Netherlands New Guinea in W New Guinea for full independence, the New Guinea Council takes office, deciding to call the country West Papua, and raising its new flag on Dec. 1; too bad, Indonesia claims it, threatening invasion, backed by the Soviet Union, and next Aug. 15 the Netherlands acknowledge it as part of Indonesia, and give control to the U.N. on Oct. 1, 1962, after which Indonesia takes control on May 1, 1963, renaming it to West Irian then Irian Jaya; a U.N.-approved referendum in 1969 ratifies the annexation; a West Papuan independence movement begins, still losing in 2004 after 100K are killed. On Apr. 12 (100th anniv. of the opening of hostilities at Ft. Sumter) orange-spacesuited Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (1934-68) becomes the first human to orbit the Earth in his 6-ton spacecraft Vostok (East) 1, making a single orbit at 17.5K mph in 108 min. at alt. 203 mi. while humming a patriotic song with the lines "The Motherland hears, the Motherland knows/ Where her son flies in the sky"; after welcoming him back to Earth, Nikita Khrushchev says that Gagarin "didn't see any God up there", which was misquoted as by Gagarin himself. On Apr. 13 the U.N. Gen. Assembly passes U.N. Resolution 1598, condemning South Africa for apartheid; meanwhile white South African anti-apartheid activist Helen Beatrice May Joseph (nee Fennell) (1905-92), who was arrested for treason in Dec. 1956, banned in 1957 and became the first person to be placed under house arrest is finally acquitted after a 5-year trial, but she stays banned for the next 10 years; meanwhile on May 29-31 Nelson Mandela (1918-2013), leader of the South African Nat. Congress (ANC) (founded 1912) stages a stay-at-home strike, and when that doesn't work, he and Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu (1912-2003) give up on peaceful solutions and set up the Spear of the Nation (MK) militant wing, which issues a public announcement on Dec. 16: "The time comes in the life of any nation when there remains only two choices: submit or fight... We shall not submit and we have no choice but to hit back by all means within our power in defense of our people, our future, and our freedom." On Apr. 13 there is a failed coup attempt in Portugal against dictator (since 1932) Antonio de Oliveira Salazar when defense minister Botelho Moniz and other military leaders demand his resignation; Moniz is dismissed from his post. On Apr. 13 (Thur.) U.S. Pvt. John A. Bennett of Va. is hanged at Ft. Leavenworth, Kan. for rape and attempted murder of an 11-y.-o. Austrian girl after Pres. Kennedy confirms his sentence, becoming the 200th U.S. military execution since 1942, and the last until ?. On Apr. 14 the Soviet Union makes its first live TV broadcast - no jeans in sight? On Apr. 15 six repainted U.S. Air Force B-26 bombers knock out half of the Cuban Air Force, but Pres. Kennedy recalls them on Apr. 16 without the 1,511 CIA-trained commandos being informed, and on Apr. 17 they invade Cuba in four chartered merchant ships and two landing crafts from Nicaragua in the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs Invasion in Cochinos Bay on the S coast of Cuba 90 mi. from Havana, getting pinned down on a swampy beachhead while their supplies are blocked by reefs until the supply ships are sunk; on Apr. 19 the 300K-man Cuban army finishes the invaders off, killing 114 and capturing 1.2K POWs (released in Dec. 1962 for $53M in food and medical supplies, privately raised), after which on Apr. 20 Castro announces the defeat of the invasion; on Apr. 22 Pres. Kennedy accepts "sole responsibility", saying "How could I have been so stupid?" for trusting the CIA and Joint Chiefs of Staff, but he actually holds CIA dir. (since 1953) Allen Welsh Dulles (1893-1969) responsible, and he is pressured into resigning in Sept., along with deputy dir. USAF Gen. Charles Pearre Cabell (1903-71), brother of Dallas mayor (1961-4) Earle Cabell (1906-75), allegedly saying that he wants "to splinter the CIA in a thousand pieces and scatter it to the winds", although his memo to do it is ignored (turning the whole CIA against him with a reason to assassinate him?); E. Howard Hunt uses the cover name Eduardo in the Bay of Pigs operation; after the Cuban V, Khrushchev gets the idea of installing nuclear missiles in Cuba to protect it from another invasion, and vetoes Castro's plan of doing it publicly, preferring to do it in secret before the U.S. can react; on Apr. 21 JFK holds a press conference, accepting responsibility for the fiasco, with the soundbyte: "There's an old saying that victory has a hundred fathers, and defeat is an orphan"; in Apr.-May the Cuba Study Group, led by retired gen. Maxwell Davenport Taylor (1901-87) performs an "autopsy" of the fiasco, then pub. a report on June 13 concluding that the invasion was Ike's plan, that JFK's decision to not call in additional air strikes did not doom it, and that the CIA and Joint Chiefs of Staff share the blame; during this time Taylor becomes a friend of Robert Kennedy, who is wowed by his intellect and names one of his sons after him in Jan. 1965; meanwhile Taylor is recalled to active duty and installed to the new post of military rep. to the U.S. pres., causing him to end up cutting off the Joint Chiefs, until JFK appoints him as chmn. on Oct. 1, 1962 (until 1964) - the plot to kill JFK, who just approved the execution of a U.S. soldier and stabbed others in the back, begins? On Apr. 17 the 33rd Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1960 to United Artists' (Mirisch Co.) The Apartment, along with best dir. to Billy Wilder; Kirk Douglas is snubbed for best actor in Spartacus, which goes to Burt Lancaster for Elmer Gantry; best actress goes to Elizabeth Taylor for Butterfield 8, best supporting actor to Peter Ustinov for Spartacus, and best supporting actress to Shirley Jones for Elmer Gantry; James Stewart accepts an honorary Oscar for terminally-ill (cancer) Gary Cooper. On Apr. 22 the Algiers Putsch sees four retired anti-de Gaulle anti-Communist French gens. stage a failed coup, incl. Raoul Albin Louis Salan (1899-1984), Maurice Challe (1905-79) (French CIC in Algeria, 1958-60), Edmond Jouhaud (1905-95), and Andre Zeller (1898-1979); they are sentenced to 15 years on up, then amnestied by 1968. On Apr. 23 singer Judy Garland (1922-69) makes a legendary comeback in a concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City. On Apr. 27 Dem. U.S. Pres. (1961-3) John F. Kennedy delivers his Secret Societies Speech before the Am. Newspaper Pubs. Assoc. at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, referring to the Gramscian conspiracy of secret infiltration of Western establishment orgs. to give a victory to Marxism, with the soundbytes: "We are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies and secret oaths and secret proceedings but we are opposed around the world by a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy that relies primarily on covert means for expanding its sphere of influence on infiltration instead of invasion on subversion instead of elections on intimidation instead of freedom of choice. It is a system which has conscripted vast human and material resources for the building of a tightly knit highly efficient machine that combines military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, scientific and political operations. Its preparations are concealed and not published. Its mistakes are buried not headlined. Its dissenters are silenced not praised. No expenditure is questioned, no rumor is printed, no secret is revealed. That is why the Athenian lawmaker Sola decreed it a crime for any citizen to shrink from controversy. And I am asking your help in the tremendous task of informing and alerting the American people. Confident that with your help man will be what he was born to be, free and independent"; "No president should fear public scrutiny of his program, for from that scrutiny comes understanding, and from that understanding comes support or opposition, and both are necessary. I am not asking your newspapers to support the administration, but I am asking your help in the tremendous task of informing and alerting the American people, for I have complete confidence in the response and dedication of our citizens whenever they are fully informed. I not only could not stifle controversy among your readers, I welcome it. This administration intends to be candid about its errors, for, as a wise man once said, 'An error doesn't become a mistake until you refuse to correct it.' We intend to accept full responsibility for our errors, and we expect you to point them out when we miss them." On Apr. 28 the New York Herald Tribune reports that "President Kennedy had planned an overhaul of the Central Intelligence Agency after Director Allen W. Dulles, retired at the end of this year or early next year, it was learned today... The timetable for the review of the CIA was moved up as a result of last week's ill-fated invasion of Cuba by rebel forces. The President last Saturday named General Maxwell D. Taylor (Ret.) to investigate U.S. intelligence capabilities, incl. the CIA." On Apr. 29 ABC's Wide World of Sports debuts (until Jan. 3, 1998), with the Drake Relays from Drake U. in Des Moines, Iowa, and the Penn Relays from Franklin Field in Philadelphia, Penn.; host Jim McKay (James Kenneth McManus) (1921-2008) voices the great intro bit "The thrill of victory, the agony of defeat", which features a video clip of Brazilian soccer star Pele scoring with a bicycle kick. On Apr. 30 U.S. expatriate Lee Harvey Oswald marries 19-y.-o. Leningrad pharmacology student Marina Prusakova Oswald (1942-) (daughter of a KGB col.) (Soviet agent?) six weeks after meeting her; their first child June Oswald (1962-) is born next Feb.; after obtaining a loan from the U.S. embassy in Moscow, he returns to the U.S. with them next June 1, being met at the dock in Hoboken, N.J. by State Dept.-recommended prominent Bulgarian-Am. anti-Communist Spas T. Raikin, then settling in the Ft. Worth, Tex. area to be with his mother and brother, meeting Russian-born CIA man George de Mohrenschildt (1911-77), who gets him a job four days later at a graphics art co. working for the U.S. Army Map Service on maps related to U-2 spy missions over Cuba, and becomes a father figure; de Mohrenschildt is a friend of Jackie Kennedy, and was a business partner of Aristotle Onassis in oil deals in the Caribbean prior to Castro's takeover of Cuba, while Onassis' brother-in-law is the cover employer of CIA Sukarno coup plotter Al Ulmer (1916-2000), who visits Dallas the week of Nov. 22, 1963; when Oswald moves to New Orleans in Apr. 1963, de Mohrenschildt gets a $285K contract to do a geological survey for Papa Doc Duvalier of Haiti (which he never does), introducing Oswald to Ruth Hyde Paine; in 1977 after admitting that he contacted Oswald for the CIA and was set to meet House Select Committee on Assassinations member Gaeton Fonzi (1935-), Mohrenschildt allegedly commits suicide; was he one of Oswald's handlers at the CIA?; was Oswald in the CIA or ONI before going to Russia, or did they induce him to join it in order to be given safe passage back to the U.S.?; if the latter, they must already have decided to assassinate JFK?; if the former, they may or may not have already decided to do JFK, but must have eventually decided that Oswald was nearing the end of his life cycle and was to be used, abused, and losed in Dallas? In Apr. Red China is estimated to have 200M armed and organized militiamen behind the Bamboo Curtain. On May 1 Fidel Castro announces the end of elections in Cuba, and founds Radio Havana to broadcast his absolutely truths to the world at 6MHz - I always win and am always right, so why bother with all that democratic machinery and give the people a chance to make a mistake and elect somebody else? On May 1 Cuban expatriate Antulio Ramirez Ortiz hijacks a Nat. Airlines Convair 440 flight en route from Marathon, Fla. to Key West to Havana allegedly to warn Castro of an assassination plot, becoming the first hijacking from the U.S. to Cuba; after arrival he becomes a hero and is nicknamed Numero Uno; the first skyjacking was in 1947, in order to escape a Communist country, with U.S. approval, after which there are 21 more skyjackings by 1956, 18 to escape Communism. On May 2 Canada and Communist China announce a grain sale agreement. On May 2 Bechuanaland in SW Africa (NW of Johannesburg), home of the Bantu Tswana tribe and 30K Bushmen in the Kalahari Desert proclaims the 1961 Bechuanaland Constitution, which Britain approves in Dec. On May 3 after King Sisavang Vathana asks Cambodia, Burma, and Malaya to form a 3-man peace commission on Feb. 19 and affirms Lao's neutrality and policy of nonalignment, and the U.S. approves it on Feb. 20, a ceasefire is arranged in Laos; on May 16 the 14-nation Geneva Conference on Laos, chaired by Britain and the Soviet Union meets in Geneva, and on June 22 the three warring princes Boun Oum (rightist), Souvanna Phouma (neutralist) and Souphanouvong (leftist) announce a coalition govt. in Zurich. Feces and urine are the same color for all races, but? On May 4 13 black and white Freedom Riders, incl. Rev. William Sloane Coffin Jr. (1924-2006) (white), Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael (1941-98) (black), atty. Mark Lane (1927-) (white), atty. Percy Ellis Sutton (1920-2009) (black), and Thomas Emmet "Tom" Hayden (1939-) (white), organized and led by James L. "Jim" Farmer (1920-99) (black) leave Washington, D.C. in a bus headed for New Orleans, La. to challenge racial segregation in interstate buses and bus terminals, outraging white racists with black-white pairs sitting side by side and sharing restrooms; the bus (along with the offending seats and potties) is bombed and burned in Montgomery, Ala. on May 20 by a white mob, who beat the riders with iron pipes as the police do nothing, prompting U.S. atty.-gen. Robert Kennedy to send U.S. marshals; Appleton, Wisc.-born aspiring minister James Zwerg (1939-) is the first off the bus, and is nearly beaten to death until a black worker intervenes to save him, ending up in the hospital with him, after which Zwerg gives a famous speech from his hospital bed: "Segregation must be stopped. It must be broken down. Those of us on the Freedom Ride will continue.... We're dedicated to this, we'll take hitting, we'll take beating. We're willing to accept death. But we're going to keep coming until we can ride from anywhere in the South to any place else in the South without anybody making any comments, just as American citizens"; on May 21 white demonstrators armed with rocks and Molotov cocktails surround the First Baptist Church (Colored) in Montgomery, Ala. (a few blocks away from the state capitol where Jefferson Davis had been elected provisional pres. of the Confederacy) as it holds a rally for the visiting Freedom Riders attended by more than 1K blacks, incl. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68), but the Nat. Guard arrives to save the day; the Freedom Riders are arrested in Jackson, Miss. on May 24 for disturbing the peace after leaving their bus. The original 15 minutes of fame? On May 5 (Fri.) after uttering "Shepard's Prayer" ("Don't fuck up, Shepard") ("Oh Lord, don't let me fuck up"), Navy cmdr. Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (1923-98) (known for impersonating Jose Jimenez) becomes the 2nd person and 1st American in space as he makes a 15-min. suborbital flight down the Atlantic Missile Range on a Redstone Rocket ("every part of this ship was built by the low bidder"), reaching an alt. of 116.5 mi. in the Project Mercury Freedom 7 capsule launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla.; after waiting too long on the launchpad and peeing in his spacesuit, he utters the immortal soundbyte "What a beautiful view!"; on his return, he is greeted as a nat. hero and given parades in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles, and meets with Pres. Kennedy; he uses a bar of Dial brand soap, which ends up in the Smithsonian; too bad, in early 1964 he is diagnosed with Meniere's Disease, causing him to be removed from flight status until May 1969 after corrective surgery, when he becomes the oldest astronaut in the U.S. space program, then gets to command Apollo 14 in 1971, becoming the 5th person to walk on the Moon. On May 5 Sierra Leone gains its independence from Old Navy, the Denim Capital of the World (Britain). On May 9 in a speech to the Nat. Assoc. of Broadcasters, new FCC chmn. (until May 15, 1963) Newton Norman Minow (1926-) gives his Vast Wasteland Speech ("Television and the Public Interest"), bemoaning the loss of its limitless educational potential to mental crap, with the soundbyte: "When television is good, nothing - not the theater, not the magazines or newspapers - nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, profit-and-loss sheet or rating book to distract you - and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland"; the SS Min(n)ow on "Gilligan's Island" is later named in his honor; meanwhile he gets the U.S. All-Channels (All-Channel Receiver) Act (ACRA) passed, mandating UHF reception capability for all TV sets sold in the U.S., helping to launch non-profit educational TV stations, and talks Congress into clearing the way for communications satellites, telling JFK: "Communications satellites will be much more important than sending man into space because they will send ideas into space. Ideas last longer than men." On May 14 the U.S. tests a nuclear ramjet engine designed to be used on a robot-guided cruise missile; meanwhile JFK cancels the Air Force's nuclear bomber project since missiles can do the job cheaper and without human problems. On May 14 a Freedom Riders bus is bombed near Anniston, Ala., and they are beaten by an angry mob. On May 15 Pres. Kennedy signs amendments to the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act, raising the minimum wage by 15 cents to $1.15 per hour, and extending it to cover 3.6M workers, incl. those working in large retail and service enterprises, gas stations, transit, and construction. On May 15 Pope John XXIII issues the encyclical Mater et Magistra, condemning materialism and stressing the need for social justice, asking for workers to be given a greater voice and appealing for aid to underdeveloped areas - sounds safe? On May 16 after student demonstrations in South Korea, an anti-Communist military coup led by army chief of staff Gen. Chang Do Yung (1923-) takes power and declares a military dictatorship on June 6; after a power struggle on July 3 Yung is forced to resign, and Maj. Gen. Park Chung-hee (Pak Chong-hui) (1917-79) is elected chmn. (until 1979), arresting Yung and ruling with an iron hand, closing the nat. assembly, arresting thousands, and setting up the KGB-clone Korean CIA (KCIA), headed by Oddjob, er, Kim Chong-p'il (Jong-pil) (1926-); meanwhile he begins an austerity program and reopens negotiations with Japan. On May 17-22 Typhoon Alice hits Hong Kong, killing four and injuring 20. On May 21 race riots cause Ala. Dem. gov. (1959-63) John Malcolm Patterson (1921-) to declare martial law. On May 25 Pres. Kennedy gives his Man on the Moon Speech to a joint session of Congress, asking Americans to help put an American (white, straight, male, non-Communist) on the Moon and return him safely by the end of the decade; former pres. Eisenhower utters the soundbyte "Anybody who would spend $40B in a race to the Moon for national prestige is nuts." On May 25 Jordanian king (1952-99) Hussein I bin Talal (1935-99) marries his 2nd wife Princess Muna al-Hussein (1941-) (until Dec. 21, 1971); they bear son Abdullah II (1962-), son Faisal (1963-), and twin daughters Aisha (1968-) and Zein (1968-). On May 26 a USAF bomber flies across the Atlantic in just over three hours. On May 27 Malayan PM (since 1957) Tunku Abdul Rahman (1903-90) announces his idea of a new Federation of Malaysia, comprising Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, Brunei and North Borneo (Sabah), which is implemented in 1963. On May 28 after two students are jailed for seven years for toasting freedom by Portuguese dictator Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, English Jewish barrister Peter James Henry Solomon Benenson (1921-2005) pub. The Forgotten Prisoners in The Observer of London, launching Amnesty Internat. (AI), which spawns chapters in 60+ countries and secures the release of many political prisoners. On May 30 32-year Roman Catholic Dominican Repub. dictator (since 1930) Generalissimo Rafael Leonidas Trujillo y Molina (b. 1891) is assassinated on George Washington St. in Dealey Plaza, er, Santo Domingo by a CIA-backed group in a military-style ambush; he is succeeded by his son (pres. since 1952) Hector Bienvenido Trujillo Molina (1908-2002), until Aug. 3, when daddy's protege (a soft-spoken poet-scholar known for a wearing a dark suit and fedora, not a boisterous generalissimo, but just as much a strongman) Joaquin Amparo Balaguer Ricardo (1906-2002) becomes pres. #41 (until Jan. 16, 1962, then July 1, 1966 to Aug. 16, 1978, and Aug. 16, 1986 to Aug. 16, 1996), changing the name of the capital from Ciudad Trujillo back to Santo Domingo the signal the end of the bloody Trujillo era, and becoming known as a friend of the poor, even though he once wrote a book against interracial marriage; too bad, his liberalization efforts are too much for the hardline trujillistas and not enough for the underclass. On May 31 pissed-off apartheid-loving South Africa severs its ties with the British Commonwealth and becomes an independent repub., with last gov.-gen. (since Dec. 11, 1959) Charles Robberts "Blackie" Swart (1894-1982) (who refused to take an oath of allegiance to Elizabeth II in 1959) (definitely not swarthy?) as pres. #1 (until June 1, 1967), and PM (since 1958) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (1901-66) (who survived an assassination attempt last year, then runs out of luck in 1966) continuing as PM #1 (until Sept. 6, 1966); Ghana refuses to recognize it. On May 31 Pres. Kennedy and his wife Jackie make a state visit to Paris to meet with Charles de Gaulle, where she steals the show with her haute couture and finishing school knowledge of French language and lit. On May 31 Arthur Michael Ramsey (1904-88) is appointed as archbishop #100 of Canterbury (until 1974), succeeding retiring Lord Fisher. On June 1 the 6.7 Kara Kore Earthquake in Ethiopia becomes their worst of the cent., leaving 5K homeless. On June 1 the Am. Cancer Society, Am. Heart Assoc., the Am. Public Health Assoc., and the Nat. Tuberculosis Assoc. address a Letter to Pres. John F. Kennedy, calling for a nat. commission on smoking to seek "a solution to this health problem that would interfere least with the freedom of industry or the happiness of individuals", which the Kennedy admin. sets up next year. On June 3 the adventure series Ripcord debuts in syndication for 76 episodes (until Sept. 1, 1963), starring Lawrence Kenneth "Larry" "Bud" Pennell (1928-2013) as skydiver Ted McKeever, and Ken Curtis (Curtis Wain Gates) (1916-91) as his mentor Jim Buckley, who at the end of each episode give a sermon on skydiving safety; a Ripcord plastic parachute toy becomes a bestseller. On June 4-5 Pres. Kennedy meets with Nikita Khrushchev in Vienna to discuss nuclear tests, disarmament, and pesky Germany. On June 13 after three years of negotiations, the British govt. proposes a draft constitution for Southern Rhodesia, with a 65-seat parliament and voters divided into A (mostly white) and B (mostly black) rolls; on July 26 a constitutional referendum in Southern Rhodesia approves a new constitution by 66%-34%. On June 15 Houston, Tex.-born John Goodwin Tower (1925-91) becomes a Repub. sen. from Tex. (until Jan. 3, 1985), the first Repub. since Reconstruction, and the only Southern Repub. senator until Strom Thurmond in 1964, going on to oppose the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act and the 1965 U.S. Voting Rights Act before mellowing and supporting Gerald Ford over Ronald Reagan along with legalized abortion, and opposing Pres. Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative. On June 16 Soviet ballet star Rudolf Khametovich Nureyev (1938-93) defects from the Soviet Union at Le Bourget airport in Paris while travelling with the Leningrad Kirov Ballet after learning that he was not to go with the company to London but back to the U.S.S.R.; suspecting punishment for defiant acts such as refusing to join the Communist Youth League, he throws himself at two French policemen, crying "Protect me!", which the press dubs his "leap to freedom", after which he requests asylum on June 21, pissing-off Nikita Khrushchev, who signs an order to kill him; he first dances onstage with Margot Fonteyn on Feb. 21, 1962 at Covent Garden, London in "Giselle". On June 16 after David Cunningham "Dave" Garroway (1913-82), host (since 1952) of the #1 morning NBC-TV The Today Show (who is addicted to Dexedrine) and suffers from depression, and whose wife Pamela committed suicide in Apr.) lies down on the set and refuses to get up until they meet his contract demands, they fire him, causing his career to go kaput, after which he eventually commits suicide; he is replaced by John William Chancellor (1927-96) until 1962, then Hugh Malcolm Downs (1921-) from 1962-71; in 1966-76 Barbara Jill Walters (1929-) co-hosts. On June 17 a train en route from Paris to Strasbourg derails near Vitry-le-Francois in Marne, killing 24 and injuring 109. On June 17 in Canada the Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation (1932) and the Canadian Labour Congress merge to form the leftist New Dem. Party (NDP). On June 19 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules unanimously in Torcaso v. Watkins to strike down a provision in the constitution of Md. requiring state officeholders to profess a belief in the existence of God - is that your final answer? On June 19 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 9-3 in Mapp v. Ohio that the Fourth Amendment's rule against using evidence obtained by police in "unreasonable searches and seizures" applies to states, broadening the 1949 case of Wolf v. Colorado and the 1914 case of Weeks v. U.S. On June 19 the British protectorate of oil-rich Kuwait regains complete independence from Britain along with Qatar and Bahrain; Sheik Abdullah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah (1895-1965) continues as emir of Kuwait (since 1950), entitled to receive half of its oil profits; on June 26 Kuwaiti voters oppose Iraq's annexation plans; on July 1 Sheik Sabah III al-Salem al-Sabah (1913-77) calls in 6K British troops to oppose Iraqi Gen. Kassim's threats of occupation; the Brits end up collapsing in the heat while their machines seize up, and the Strategic Oil Reserve is depleted, causing them to get itchy about Berlin, but luckily Iraq backs out and doesn't invade. On June 20 the Royal Commission on Health Services (Hall Commission) in Canada is established to coverup, er, report on the quality of health care. On June 22 Moise Tshome is released for lack of evidence of connection to the murder of Patrice Lumumba - you need to show me more lumumba? On June 24 the Military Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta (S.M.O.M.) (the size of two tennis courts) in the heart of Rome is officialized, becoming the smallest nation on Earth - bet you thought it was the Vatican? On June 25 Iraqi pres. Abdul Karim (Abdel-Karim) Kassem announces his intention of annexing Kuwait, causing Kuwait on June 27 to request British help, bringing troops; on Oct. 19 the Arab League takes over the protection of Kuwait, and the last British troops leave; on Nov. 20 the Soviet Union vetoes their application for U.N. membership - the hot tub is where it all started? On June 30 the U.S. Omnibus Housing Act establishes the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and inaugurates funding for mass public transportation. In June the Dirty Bizerte Business begins (ends 1963) after the French attempt to expand their sole remaining military base in Tunisia, pissing-off the Sudanese govt., which surrounds it with troops, after which fighting erupts on July 19, with French troops taking control of Bizerte after killing 1.3K Tunisians, causing Tunisia to break off diplomatic relations with France (until July 1962). In June the Am. Cancer Society, Am. Heart Assoc., Nat. TB Assoc., and Am. Public Health Assoc. address a letter to Pres. Kennedy calling for a nat. commission on smoking. On July 1 after backing Richard Nixon over JFK and earning the title "Reform Repub.", Neb.-born Dem. Samuel William "Sam" Yorty (1909-98) becomes mayor #48 of Los Angeles, Calif. (until July 1, 1973), going on to back the expansion of the freeway network and try to clean up the smog; too bad, his criticism of the civil rights movement, busing, and feminism fuels the 1965 Watts Riots; after losing the Dem. pres. nomination in 1972 to McGovern he switches to the Repub. Party - by which time nobody cares? On July 2 after receiving electroshock therapy, which he claims erased his brain, novelist Ernest "Papa" Hemingway (b. 1899) shoots himself in the head in his home in Ketchum, Idaho (with a magnificent view of the Sawtooth Mts.) with a 12-gauge silver-inlaid Boss shotgun in the front foyer; his wife locked his guns in the basement fearing just this, but left the keys on the window ledge above the kitchen sink; JFK gets permission for his widow to travel to Cuba to pick up his papers. On July 3-4 Soviet nuclear sub K-19 (commissioned Apr. 30) (AKA "Hiroshima" or "Widowmaker" for the large number of deaths during its construction) develops a nuclear reactor leak in the North Atlantic 1.5K mi. from its home port, and its all-star crew saves it from an imminent meltdown by working on the reactor sans radiation suits with the loss of eight to radiation poisoning within weeks, followed by 12-20 within a few years, all covered-up by the govt.; too bad, Capt. Nikolai Vladimirovich Zateyev (1926-98) (who believed it had been rushed to sea too early, and mistakenly believed that the reactor could cause a nuclear explosion near a NATO base, starting WWIII, and had been approached by U.S. warships offering to evacuate his crew, which he either did or did not accept, depending on whom you believe, before another Soviet sub arrives to evacuate them) is accused of trying to defect along with his crew, causing a court-martial, but they are cleared, after which Zateyev never commands a sub again and they are all sworn to secrecy, which they lift in 1990 after the fall of the Soviet Union; in Mar. 2006 Zateyev is nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. On July 8 a mine explosion in Dolna Suce, Czech. kills 108. On July 13 Charlie Brown first successfully flies his kite. :) On July 17 Britain announces an austerity program to improve its trade deficit, freezing wages and raising the bank rate from 5% to 7%. On July 21 U.S. Air Force Capt. Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (1926-67) becomes the 2nd Americanski to rocket into a suborbital pattern around the Earth, flying for 16 min. on the Mercury-Redstone 4 Liberty Bell 7; too bad, the capsule sinks in the Atlantic Ocean 302 mi. from Cape Canaveral when the hatch blows prematurely, and bobbing Grissom is rescued by heli; the capsule is not recovered until 1999, and Grissom's career is tainted by allegations that he screwed the pooch, although he claims the explosive bolts went off by themselves in an equipment malfunction. On July 31 Ireland becomes the first country to submit an application to join the European Economic Community (EEC), followed by Britain on Aug. 10. In July at a Nat. Security Council meeting, Joint Chiefs Chmn. Lyman Lemnitzer and CIA Dir. Allen Dulles present JFK with a plan for "a surprise nuclear attack", causing him to leave the meeting, remarking to Dean Rusk "And we call ourselves the human race"; the MIC begins calling calling JFK a pinko traitor Commie-appeaser behind his back, who wanted to end the cold war instead of escalating it to a hot war and winning it? In July Billboard mag. begins listing "easy" (adult) music hits. On Aug. 5 the $10M Six Flags Over Texas theme park in Arlington, Tex. 15 mi. W of Dallas opens, becoming the first pay-one-price amusement park ($2.75), built by real estate developer Angus G. Wynne Jr. (1914-79), who goes bankrupt in 1964, although the park is a success with several succeeding owners. On Aug. 6-7 Soviet cosmonaut Gherman Stepanovich Titov (1935-2000) makes 17 orbits around the Earth in 25.6 hours in Vostok 2, smashing Gagarin's record of one - think back to when you were a child, what did you dream of as you fell asleep, space travel? On Aug. 12 in order to keep the large flow of U.S. money coming in, the South Korean govt. announces that the military junta will end martial law in Dec. 1962, and restore civilian control in 1963. On Aug. 13 the GDR blocks off East from West Berlin, and on Aug. 15 begins building the Berlin Wall (torn down 1989) to halt the flight of refugees after the U.S. rejects proposals by Khrushchev to make Berlin a "free city" with access controlled by East Germany, mentally splitting Eastern and Western Europe; on Aug. 15 an East German soldier, Hans Conrad Schumann jumps a 3-ft. barbed wire barrier to West Berlin to join his family and has his 15 min. of fame (he commits suicide in 1998); on Aug. 31 the wire is replaced by a concrete wall, and extended to 559 mi. in length; on Oct. ? U.S. and Soviet tanks confront each other at Checkpoint Charlie in a near-battle; 130+ go on to be killed trying to cross to the West; the Berlin Wall saves West Germany from Soviet takeover, and becomes the Second Birth of the GDR, stablizing its economy and allowing it to become one of the most prosperous Commie countries, until the 1B mark-a-year cost for guarding it drags them down - nine months for a health career, did you say nine months? On Aug. 21 Pan-Africanist Mzee Jomo Kenyatta (1897-1978) is released from prison in Kenya, going on to found the Kenyan nation as PM (1963-4) and pres. #1 (1964-78). On Aug. 23 Ranger 1 is launched from Cape Canaveral as the first of nine unmanned spacecraft to investigate the Moon; too bad, it fails to leave Earth orbit. On Aug. 27 Ben Khedda is elected PM of the Algerian provisional govt., with Ben Bella (in prison) as vice-PM. In Aug. after accepting JFK's proposal, the Alianza Para el Progreso (Alliance for Progress) is formed in Punta del Este, Uruguay by 19 Latin-Am. countries and the U.S., which promises them $10B in aid over 10 years; meanwhile U.S. U.N. ambassador Adlai E. Stevenson proposes that developed nations each contribute 1% of their GNP to help emerging nations. In Aug. JFK's Harvard classmate Theodore Harold White (1915-86) laments about Vietnam that "The situation gets worse almost week by week" and that "Guerillas now control almost all the Southern delta... I could find no American who would drive me outside Saigon in his car even by day without military convoy." On Sept. 1 the Soviet Union ends its moratorium on atomic testing and explodes an above-ground nuke in C Asia. On Sept. 1 the Eritrean War of Independence begins (ends May 29, 1991) after Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie dissolves the 1952 U.N.-mediated federation. On Sept. 4 the U.S. Congress passes the U.S. Foreign Assistance Act, reorganizing the programs to separate military from non-military aid; o n Nov. 3 Pres. Kennedy signs an executive order creating the U.S. Agency for Internat. Development (USAID) to provide long-range economic and humanitarian assistance worldwide in support of U.S. foreign policy; by the end of the cent. it has 7K employees in 85 offices. On Sept. 5 after the position has been vacant since Oct. 9, 1953 because of British interference, former 133-day PM (1953) Cheddi Berret Jagan (1918-97) of the People's Progressive Party becomes PM of British Guiana again (until Dec. 12, 1964), which only pisses the Brits off more, causing them to begin scheming to oust him again. On Sept. 8-12 Super Typhoon Pamela hits Taiwan and E China, causing 98 casualties, $5M in damage, and leaving 50K homeless. On Sept. 12 Italy formally protests to Austria over terrorism caused by Austrians wanting autonomy for German-speaking Alto Adige Province (formerly Austrian South Tyrol). On Sept. 14 the new military govt. of Turkey sentences 15 members of the previous govt. to death, and on Sept. 17 hangs former pres. Adnan Menderes. On Sept. 16 the courtroom drama series The Defenders debuts on CBS-TV for 132 episodes (until May 13, 1965), starring E.G. Marshall (Everett Eugene Grunz) (1914-98) and Robert Reed (1932-92) as father-son defense attys. Lawrence and Kenneth Preston, who represent controversial defendants incl. civil rights demonstrators, neo-Nazis, conscientious objectors, pornographers, mercy-killing doctors, schoolteacher atheists, etc., exploring abortion, capital punishment, the insanity defense, the Hollywood Blacklist, jury nullification et al.; the 1962 episode "The Benefactor", about the defense of an abortionist causes the sponsors to drop out until a new one is found; the title of the Dec. 7, 1963 episode "The Gentle Assassin" is changed to "Climate of Evil" after the Nov. 22 assassination of JFK; the Jan. 4, 1964 episode "Clare Cheval Died in Boston" has a reference to "President Kennedy" deleted; "perhaps the most socially conscious series the medium has ever seen". On Sept. 17 the Committee of 100 stages massive protests in England, blocking roads in Trafalgar Square and Holy Loch, causing 32 protesters, incl. Bertrand Russell to be given 1-mo. jail sentences; on Dec. 9 5K demonstrators blockade the USAF bases at Wethersfield and Ruislip, causing the govt. to up the ante from incitement to breach the peace to conspiracy to violate the Official Secrets Act, charging six. On Sept. 17 the B&W 1950s-feel Car 54, Where Are You? debuts on NBC-TV for 60 episodes (until Sept. 8, 1963), starring rubber-faced Frederick Hubbard "Fred" Gwynne (1926-93) as Officer Francis Muldoon, and "Ooh ooh!" Joe E. Ross (1914-82) as Officer Gunther Toody, who humorously patrol the Bronx; the Car 54 Theme is played while they are driving and playing checkers at the same time, and goes "There's a holdup in the Bronx/ Brooklyn's broken out in fights/ There's a traffic jam in Harlem/ That's backed up to Jackson Heights/ There's a scout troop short a child/ Khrushchev's due at Idlewild/ Car 54,where are you?" On Sept. 17-18 U.N. secy.-gen. #2 (since Apr. 10, 1953) Dag Hammarskjold (b. 1905) is killed in a plane crash in Northern Rhodesia on the way to negotiate a ceasefire in the Congo; meanwhile JFK, who has been working with him to create an independent Congo rejects proposals for direct military intervention, preferring to support the U.N. peacekeepers, pissing-off the multinat. corps. who seek to carve the Congo up for themselves, causing JFK to get into a war with the CIA, which has been arming the secessionists in order to promote Belgian mining interests. Just in time to arrange a trip for JFK? On Sept. 19-20 (night) the first Hill Abduction (Zeta Reticuli Incident) sees the first Grey Aliens being reported to have abducted mixed-race couple Betty Hill (1919-2004) and Barney Hill (1923-69) of Portsmouth on U.S. Route 3 near Lancaster in the er, White Mts. of N.H., who describe them as "bald-headed alien beings, about five foot tall, with greyish skin, pear shaped heads and slanting cat-like eyes", who show Betty a star map of star system Zeta Reticuli 39.5 l.y. from Earth. On Sept. 20 (Wed.) the sitcom The Joey Bishop Show debuts on NBC-TV for 123 episodes (until Mar. 30, 1965 after witching to CBS-TV in 1964 and going color), starring Rat Pack comedian Joey Bishop (Joseph Abraham Gottlieb) (1918-2007). On Sept. 24 (Sun.) after switching from ABC-TV, Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color debuts on NBC-TV (until 1969), causing sales of color TVs to jump 105% over last Sept. On Sept. 25 the crime drama 87th Precinct debuts on NBC-TV for 30 episodes (until Apr. 30, 1962), based on the Ed McBain novels, starring Robert Lansing (Robert Howell Brown) (1928-94) as Det. Steve Carella of Isola (really Manhattan), N.Y., Ronald Robert "Ron" Harper (1936-) as rookie Det Bert King, Gregory Walcott (Bernard Mattox) (1928-2015) as Det. Roger Havilland, and Norman Fell (Norman Noah Feld) (1924-98) as Det. Meyer Meyer; Virginia Cathryn "Gena" Rowlands (1930-) plays Carella's deaf mute wife Teddy. On Sept. 26 former GM pres. (1941-53) and U.S. defense secy. (1953-7) Charles Erwin "Engine Charlie" Wilson (b. 1890) (who way back in 1944 first claimed that the U.S. needed a "permanent war economy", and also uttered the soundbyte "What's good for General Motors is good for the country") dies; meanwhile the U.S. Justice Dept. indicts GM for forcing U.S. railroads to buy its locomotives, but the charges are dropped in Dec. 1964 - we call it the family, Senator, we call it the family? On Sept. 26 (Tue.) the crime drama series Shannon debuts in syndication for 36 episodes (until June 12, 1962), starring George Nader (1921-2002) as insurance investigator Joe Shannon, who drives a 1961 Buck Special equipped with James Bond type equipment incl. weapons, cameras, dictating machine, tape recorder, and a car phone; John Regis Toomey (1898-1991) plays his boss Bill Cochran. On Sept. 27 Hanna-Barbera Productions' animated series Top Cat debuts on ABC-TV for 30 episodes (until Apr. 18, 1962), starring Top Cat ("T.C.)", leader of a gang of alley cats in Hoagy's Alley in Manhattan, N.Y. incl. Fancy-Fancy, Spook, Benny the Ball, Brain, and Choo Choo. On Sept. 28 a military coup begins in Damascus, Syria; on Sept. 29 the United Arab Repub. (UAR) of Egypt and Syria breaks up, and Syria becomes independent; on Dec. 14 Nazim al-Kudsi (al-Qudsi) (1906-98) becomes pres. of Syria (until Mar. 7, 1963), going on to restore relations with anti-Nasser regimes in Jordan, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia, along with the U.S. and U.K., and denationalize factories, causing the World Bank to make loans to Syria. On Sept. 28 (Thur.) the medical drama series Dr. Kildare, based on the Max Brand novels debuts on NBC-TV for 191 episodes (until Apr. 5, 1966), starring heartthrob closet gay actor George Richard Chamberlain (1934-) (after William Shatner turns it down) as young intern Dr. James Kildare of Blair Gen. Hospital (really the Irving Thalberg Bldg. on the MGM lot), who tries to live up to the expectations of his boss Dr. Leonard Gillespie, played by Raymond Hart Massey (196-1983), who tells him "Our job is to keep people alive, not to tell them how to live", which Kildare ignores to make it interesting?; Chamberlain records the hit song Three Stars Will Shine Tonight with music from the show's opening theme. On Sept. 28 (Thur.) the sitcom Hazel, based on the Ted Key comic strip debuts on NBC-TV for 154 episodes (until Apr. 11, 1966 after switching to CBS-TV in 1965 and going to color in in the last episode of season 1), starring Shirley Booth (Marjory Ford) (1898-1992) as feisty live-in maid Hazel Burker, who works for the Baxter family, incl. atty. (Butterworth, Hatch, Noll and Baxter) George "Mr. B" Baxter, played by Donald John "Don" DeFore (1913-93), his interior decorator wife Dorothy "Missy" Baxter, played by Whitney Blake (Nancy Ann Whitney) (1926-2002), and their son Harold "Sport" Baxter, played by Robert W. "Bobby" Buntrock (1952-74); in July 1963 the NAACP announces a boycott if the show doesn't add a black to the technical staff, causing them to fold in Sept., hiring a black production exec. On Sept. 29 the U.N. Security Council votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 165 to admit Sierra Leone; on Oct. 25 it votes 9-0-1 (U.S., China) for Resolution 166 to admit Mongolia; on Oct. 25 it votes 9-1-1 (UAR, U.S.S.R.) for Resolution 167 to admit Mauritania; on Dec. 14 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 170 to admit Tanganyika (Tanzania). On Sept. 30 the OEEC (founded Apr. 16, 1948) is refounded in Paris as the Org. for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) by 30 developed nations who accept representative democracy and free market economies, growing to 34 states incl. Israel - oh I like you so very, so much in fact that I have to pump you up? In Sept. Viet Cong guerrillas capture a provincial capital in South Vietnam and execute the gov., causing Pres. Diem to ask the U.S. for a bilateral defense treaty, causing Pres. Kennedy to send hawk Gen. Maxwell Davenport "Max" Taylor (1901-87) and civilian hawk economist Walt Whitman Rostow (1916-2003) as advisors, and they end up writing a report urging Kennedy to send 8K soldiers, but he refuses, saying "It will be just like Berlin"; in Nov. he yields partially, and authorizes a buildup of U.S. strength by sending in support units and advisors, some of which participate in combat; meanwhile JFK requests the military to draw up a plan for withdrawal from Vietnam, stating his determination not to send ground units, citing the French failure as a precedent, desiring Vietnam to be handled by Laos, all of which pisses-off the military, who stonewall. On Sept. 29 (Fri). the crime drama series Target: The Corruptors! debuts on ABC-TV for 35 episodes (until June 8, 1962), starring Horace Vincent "Stephen" McNally (1911-94) as newspaper reporter Paul Marino, and Robert "Bob" Harland (Yurgatis) (1934-) as undercover agent Jack Flood, who infiltrate the New York City mafia and report on it. In Sept. the Tanganyika Conference on Wildlife in Arusha meets to protect African wildlife. In Sept. the Iraq govt. begins an offensive against Kurdish rebels in Kurdistan in N Iraq after demands by the Kurdish Dem. Party (KDP) are ignored and tribal rebels under Mulla Mustafa al-Barzani (1903-79) revolt and declare a Kurdish state. On Oct. 2 (Mon.) the medical drama Ben Casey debuts on ABC-TV for 153 episodes (until Mar. 21, 1966), starring Vince Edwards (Vincente Eduardo Zoino III) (1928-96) as young idealistic surgeon Dr. Ben Casey at County Gen. Hospital, and Sam (Shalom) Jaffe (1891-1984) as his mentor Dr. David Zorba, chief of surgery; Stella Stevens (Estelle Caro Eggleston) (1936-) plays Casey's babe Jane Hancock; "Man, woman, birth, death, infinity." On Oct. 2 (Mon.) the Goodson-Todman game show Password debuts on CBS-TV for 1,555 episodes (until Sept. 15, 1967), followed by 1,099 episodes on ABC-TV on Apr. 5, 1971-June 27, 1975, hosted by Allen Ellsworth Ludden (1917-81); it switches to color in the 1966-7 season. On Oct. 3 (Tue.) after the show "Head of the Family" starring too-New-York-Jewish-looking actor Carl Reiner is scrapped, and Johnny Carson is rejected, the sitcom The Dick Van Dyke Show (filmed in front of a studio audience except for the episode right after JFK's assassination) ) debuts on CBS-TV for 158 episodes (until June 1, 1966), starring Richard Wayne "Dick" Van Dyke (1925-) as comedy writer Robert "Rob" Simpson Petrie (who turns to alcohol to stay funny, ending up in rehab), Mary Tyler Moore (1936-2017) as Laura Meeker (a heavy smoker who collects the free Kent cigarettes from the cast and trades them in for her favorite brand, suffering from strange symptoms that later turn out to be Type I diabetes), Richard Deacon (1921-84) as Melvin "Mel" Cooley, Rose Marie (1923-) as Sally Rogers, and Moritz "Morey" Amsterdam (1908-966) as Maurice B. "Buddy" Sorrell; after the show flops during season 1 and is canceled, producer Danny Thomas begs the network execs to resume it during the summer, and it becomes a hit; the scripts intentionally leave out current events and politics to make the show timeless; Rob and Laura sleep in separate beds; Laura (a fan of Katherine Hepburn) insists on wearing Capri pants, starting a fashion trend; On Oct. 4 the animated series The Alvin Show debuts on CBS-TV for 26 episodes (until Sept. 12, 1962), starring Alvin the Chipmunk and his friends Simon and Theodore, along with their manager David "Dave" Seville; features the segment "Clyde Crashcup"; on Sept. 17, 1983 the sequel Alvin and the Chipmunks debuts on NBC-TV for 102 episodes (until Dec. 1, 1990). (the Redcoats vs. the Yankees, get it?) to win the Fifty-Eighth (58th) (1961) World Series; during the regular season Yankees "M&M Boys" Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris (who beat Mantle for MVP by the closest vote in league history) bat-in 115 combined homers. On Oct. 5 the Internat. Red Cross announces that 72K North Koreans have been repatriated from Japan since Dec. 1959. On Oct. 10 the 1961 Turkish Constitution is proclaimed, granting full civil and political rights along with govt. checks and balances; in Nov. Ismet Inonu becomes PM of Turkey again (until 1965), working with pres. Cemal Gursel to improve relations with the Soviet Union as well as the West. On Oct. 10 a volcanic eruption in Tristan de Cunha causes the entire pop. to be evacuated. On Oct. 10 the anthology drama series Alcoa Premiere debuts on ABC-TV for 58 episodes (until July 21, 1963), hosted by Fred Astaire (Frederick Austerlitz) (1899-1987)), featuring provocative subjects starting with the rehabilitation of disturbed war veterans. On Oct. 11 gap-bridging (married to a Hutu) prince Louis Rwagasore (1932-61) (son of Mwambutsa IV) is elected PM of Burundi; too bad, on Oct. 13 he is assassinated at the Hotel Tanganyika by Greek national Georges Kageorgis, allegedly in the pay of the pro-Belgian Christian Dem. Party (PDC). On Oct. 12 New Zealand abolishes the death penalty. On Oct. 12 the sitcom Margie debuts on ABC-TV for 26 episodes (until Apr. 12, 1962), baed on the 1946 film, starring pigtail-wearing Cynthia Pepper (Cynthia Anne Culpepper) (1940-) as Roaring Twenties teenie Margie Clayton, a student at Madison H.S. in New England. On Oct. 12 the sitcom Margie debuts on ABC-TV for 26 episodes (until Apr. 12, 1962), baed on the 1946 film, starring pigtail-wearing Cynthia Pepper (Cynthia Anne Culpepper) (1940-) as Roaring Twenties teenie Margie Clayton, a student at Madison H.S. in New England. On Oct. 15 Pres. Kennedy calls out military reserves in the wake of the Berlin crisis. On Oct. 16 Khrushchev welcomes Chinese Communist leader Chou En-lai (Zhou Enlai) (1898-1976) to the 22nd Soviet Communist Party Congress, but the latter makes a demonstrative departure, symbolizing the growing alienation between Beijing and Moscow. On Oct. 17 the Paris Massacre of 1961 sees Paris police under command of Maurice Papon (1910-2007) attack 30K Algerians protesting an Algerian-only curfew, beating and killing dozens, throwing dozens of bodies into the Seine River, then trying a coverup by claiming only three killed, although the other side claims up to 240; in 1998 the French govt. acknowledges only 40 - another sodamn insane (inseine) joke is waiting to be born here? On Oct. 18 Le Bateau, an abstract painting by Henri Matisse is hung upside down in the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, and the mistake goes unnoticed for 47 days, during which time 100K+ people view it. On Oct. 21 the Saturn launch vehicle, developed under Wernher von Braun for the Apollo program is successfully test-launched. On Oct. 23 the Taiwan Stock Exchange Corp. is founded. On Oct. 25 Private Eye, a fortnightly British satirical mag. begins pub., with the goal of becoming a "thorn in the side" of the British establishment, going after incompetent or corrupt officials, causing it to be the object of many prominent libel suits; in 1986 Ian David Hislop (1960-) becomes ed. going on to become the most sued man in English history (until ?). On Oct. 27 an amistice begins in Katanga, Congo. On Oct. 27 Mongolia and Mauritania join the U.N. On Oct. 27 a standoff between Soviet and U.S. tanks in Berlin, Germany gets screenwriters to buy new typewriter ribbons. On Oct. 28 (Thanksgiving) the Kennedy family has a get-together at Hyannis Port, Mass., and Jackie demonstrates the new Twist in a Schiaparelli pink slack suit after Ted brings laughs trying to do it with his big derriere; Rose writes "Joe Sr... is not at all himself but quiet. For first time - I have noticed he has grown old"; in Dec. Joseph P. Kennedy (d. 1969) has a stroke, which incapacitates him for the rest of his life. On Oct. 30 the Soviet Union tests the super-scary Tsar Bomba ("Big Ivan") (RDS-220), H-bomb over Novaya Zemlya, with a yield estimated at 58 megatons (largest manmade explosion recorded until ?), breaking a 3-year nuclear test moratorium; about this time key player Andrei Sakharov decides that nuclear proliferation is wrong, and helps get the 1963 Partial Test-Ban Treaty passed - whadya gonna do, nuke me? On Oct. 30 the Recruitment Agreement Between the Federal Republic of Germany and Turkey is signed, permitting unmarried male Muslim Turks to work in West Germany for two years, a limitation that is removed in 1964, causing 750K Turks to emigrate to Germany, half of which never return; after the oil crisis of 1973-4 the program is closed, but the men import their wives and start having children, causing the Turkish pop. in Germany to rise to 2.5M by 2011, 3.8M-4.3M by 2010, and 4M-5M by 2016 (5% of the pop.). On Oct. 30 the Soviet Party Congress unanimously approves a resolution ordering the removal of Josef's Stalin's body from Lenin's Mausoleum, which is done on Oct. 31. On Oct. 31 Category 4 Hurricane Hattie pounds Belize City, Belize, killing 400 and leaving thousands homeless, followed by Belmopan. In Oct. the Federal Repub. of Cameroon comes into being after the 1961 Cameroon Constitution is approved, and the French and British parts of the country unify, led by Ahmadou Ahidjo (French part) and John Foncha (British part); Northern Cameroons, the N section of the British Cameroon votes to become part of Nigeria. In Oct. Mighty Mouse is chosen as the official ambassador for UNICEF's trick-or-treat fundraising drive, and he repeats next year. On Nov. 1 the Hungry Generation Movement of poets in Calcutta, India is launched. On Nov. 1 the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center in "Space City" Houston, Tex. is founded, later being renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) on Feb. 19, 1973. On Nov. 1 a federal from the Interstate Commerce Commission banning segregation in all U.S. interstate public facilities goes into effect. On Nov. 2 ruler (since 1962) Sheikh Salman ibn Hamad Al Khalifa (b. 1894) dies, and his son Sheikh Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (1933-99), a member of the original ruling family becomes emir of oil-rich Bahrain (until Mar. 6, 1999). On Nov. 7 Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra is ousted in another military coup (his 3rd time, 1934-5, 1944-7, 1952-6, 1960-1), and vice-pres. Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy (d. 2004) becomes pres. of Ecuador (until July 11, 1963); too bad, the military boots him out too, and Velasco crawls back in from 1968-72. On Nov. 11 Stalingrad (Staritsyn until 1925) is renamed Volgograd. On Nov. 15 exiled Argentine pres. (1946-55) Juan Peron marries Isabel Peron (1931-) in Madrid. On Nov. 16 Dem. House Speaker (1940-7, 1949-53, 1955-61) Samuel "Mister Sam" Taliaferro Rayburn (b. 1882) dies in Bonham, Tex., having served as speaker since 1940 except for two terms (10 terms total); next Jan. 10 he is succeeded by Boston, Mass.-born John William McCormack (1891-1980) (D-Mass.) (until Jan. 3, 1971), son of Irish immigrants, who ends up in the catbird seat during all the fun of the 1960s; Rayburn's funeral in Washington, D.C. on Nov. 2 is attended by Ike, Truman, JFK and LBJ. On Nov. 17-18 a catamaran carrying Michael C. Rockefeller (b. 1938), son of N.Y. gov. Nelson Rockefeller overturns off the coast of New Guinea; he swims to shore, and is never seen again - the natives ate the evidence? On Nov. 18 Pres. Kennedy sends 18K military advisors to South Vietnam. On Nov. 20 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules unanimously in Hoyt v. Florida, to uphold a Fla. law exempting women from jury duty unless they volunteer, rejecting the arguments of the attys. of Gwendolyn Holt that an all-male jury is unfair in her trial on charges of killing her hubby with a baseball bat; meanwhile Ala., Miss., and S.C. prohibit women from jury duty, and 18 states allow them to be excused on the basis of gender; the ruling is reversed 8-1 on Jan. 21, 1975 in Taylor v. Louisiana. On Nov. 24 the U.N. adopts a ban on nuclear arms over U.S. protests. On Nov. 29 Enos the Chimponaut is launched from Cape Canaveral aboard the Mercury-Atlas 5 spacecraft, orbiting the Earth 2x before returning for bananas. On Nov. 30 the Soviets veto a U.N. seat for Kuwait, pleasing Iraq, who covets their oil. On Nov. 30 the U.S. Navy discontinues its blimp program (begun 1917). On Nov. 30 Pres. Kennedy authorizes aggressive covert operations against Fidel Castro's govt. in Cub, becoming known as Operation Mongoose (the Cuban Project), setting Oct. 1962 for his overthrow, with CIA agent ("America's James Bond") William King "Bill" Harvey (1915-76) in charge; he later masterminds the assassination of JFK? In Nov. the U.S. stock market begins a 7-mo. decline of 25%. In Nov. the Thanksgiving Day Massacre in the JFK admin. reorganizes the U.S. State Dept., dumping Chester Bowles, who is moved to a nothing post at the White House, and later becomes U.S. ambassador to India (until 1969). In Nov. the Fantastic Four comic book series debuts, created by writer Stan Lee (Stanley Martin Lieber) (1922-) and artist Jack Kirby (Jacob Kurtzberg) (1917-94), about Mister Fantastic (Reed Richards), Invisible Woman (Susan "Sue" Storm), Human Torch (Johnny Storm), and Thing (Ben Grimm), becoming a big hit, putting Marvel Comics on the map and starting a comic book rev. On Dec. 2 Fidel Castro gives a big speech, declaring himself a Marxist-Leninist who is going to lead Cuba to a golden age of Communism - as its chain-smoking Materialist Messiah? On Dec. 5 Pres. Kennedy gives official support to the Volta Dam project in Ghana. On Dec. 9 Tanganyika becomes independent of Britain, with former teacher Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1922-99) as PM #1, followed on Oct. 29, 1964 by pres. #1 (until Nov. 5, 1985); Nyerere goes on to pub. a Swahili trans. of Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" in 1966 and "The Merchant of Venice" in 1969, which are widely read in E Africa; he later helps bring hip-hop to Tanzania. On Dec. 9 after a rise in unemployment, the Liberal (really conservative anti-Communist and "British to the boostraps") Australian govt. of PM #16 (since 1949) Sir Sir Robert Gordon Menzies (1894-1978) (pr. like Mings) is reelected for a 6th term (until Jan. 26, 1966) with a majority of only two seats, going on to win an increased majority in 1963 (along with his knighthood), then decide in 1965 to send Australian troops to Vietnam with conscription, all with popular support. On Dec. 11 the first 100 U.S. military advisors along with 400 soldiers arrive in Vietnam, officially beginning the Vietnam War (ends Apr. 30, 1975); on Dec. 22 James Thomas Davis becomes the first of 90K U.S. military deaths (58K in battle or theater) in Vietnam. On Dec. 11 after a 4-mo. trial while held in a bulletproof glass enclosure, Adolf Eichmann, the former German Gestapo official accused of a major role in the Nazi final solution (alleged murder of 6M Jews), who uses the defense of just obeying orders is found guilty, then sentenced on Dec. 15 by a Jerusalem court to be hanged - combined with the start of the Vietnam War, sounds like deja vu? On Dec. 11 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules unanimously in Garner v. La. that states cannot use disturbing the peace laws to oppress peaceful sit-in protesters at dining establishments; JFK's Justice Dept. defends the demonstrators, along with the NAACP. On Dec. 11 the daytime talk show series The Mike Douglas Show, hosted by Mike Douglas (1925-2006) debuts in Cleveland, Ohio (until 1982), with five 90-min. shows a week, becoming a nursery for new talent incl. Harrison Ford, Jay Leno, and 2-y-o. Tiger Woods; in 1965 Zsa Zsa Gabor calls Morey Amsterdam a "son of a bitch", causing a tape-delay to be installed; in Aug. 1965 it moves to Philly, followed by Los Angeles in 1978, and runs for 20 years and 4,017 episodes (until Nov. 30, 1981). On Dec. 12 Oscar 1 (Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) (built by U.S. radio hams) is launched by the U.S., becoming the first privately-built satellite to be launched. On Dec. 14 a passenger train smashes into a school bus in farm country in Weld County, Colo., killing 20 children, becoming the deadliest traffic accident in Colo. history (until ?); bus driver Duane Harms (1938-2007) is sued for hundreds of thousands of dollars, and charged with manslaughter, and after being acquitted on Mar. 24, 1962 he leaves the state - out of harm's way? On Dec. 15 after lobbying by Austalia, Colombia, Italy, Japan, and the U.S., U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1668 is adopted by a 61-34-7 vote, deeming the issue of China representation at the U.N. so important that any proposal to change the designated representation of China will require a two-thirds majority vote. On Dec. 17 a circus tent fire in Niteroi, Brazil kills 323. On Dec. 18-19 Operation Vijay sees Indian troops invade and conquer the Portuguese territories of Goa, Damao, and Diu, in Portuguese possession since 1510, turning them into a territory of India - which did we love more, the shoes or the price? They can call it Malaysia, but it's really northern Indonesia? On Dec. 19 after aligning with Mao, with the 3rd largest Communist party on Earth, Indonesian dictator Sukarno announces that he will take West Irian by force if necessary, and begins a guerrilla war in Malaysia, invading West Papua and causing Britain to send 30K Special Air Service soldiers. On Dec. 19 JFK's daddy Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. suffers a debilitating stroke in Palm Beach, Fla. - who was she? On Dec. 20 the U.N. Gen. Assembly unanimously adopts the McCloy-Zorin Accords, conceived by Pres. Eisenhower and Pres. Kennedy, establishing a roadmap for all future negotiations and internat. treaties between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. with regard to nuclear and gen. disarmament under effective internat. control, with the ultimate aim of abolishing war as an institution, with member states supplying "agreed manpower... necessary for an international peace force". On Dec. 21 Katangan PM Moise Tshombe recognizes the new Congolese constitution. On Dec. 23 the Grand Duke's Official Birthday becomes Luxembourg's nat. holiday, with the celebration fixed for June 23, when no ruler has ever been born. On Dec. 28 Yemen and the UAR dissolve the United Arab States (founded 1958). On Dec. 30 Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (1910-97) becomes pres. #9 of the Philippines (until Dec. 30, 1965), becoming known as "the Incorruptible". On Dec. 30 Albert Kalonji of South Kasai is captured by Congolese troops, but soon escapes. On Dec. 31 the Marshall Plan expires after delivering $12B in postwar aid to Europe. On Dec. 31 Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) in Ireland (founded 1926) begins regular TV broadcasts - and they don't call it TTE? In Dec. Jackie Kennedy becomes the first U.S. First Lady to have a themed Christmas tree in the White House, based on the Nutcracker Suite. Lord Privy Seal Edward Heath begins negotiations for British entry into the Common Market. Clifton Reginald Wharton Sr. (1899-1990) becomes U.S. ambassador to Norway (until 1964), becoming the first black U.S. ambassador. Queen Elizabeth II tours India, Pakistan, Iran, Cyprus, and Ghana. West German chancellor (since 1949) Konrad Adenauer visits London. Pres. Kennedy visits Paris, Vienna (where he meets with Khrushchev), and London, and meets British PM Harold Macmillan again in Bermuda. Poland starts a 5-year program to increase production. Prince Jean, son and heir of Grand Duchess Charlotte is made head of the state of Luxembourg, acting for his mother. The U.S. Food Stamp Program of 1939-43 is revived as a pilot project - who's always asleep at the wheel? Another coup is launched in Lebanon, promoting union with Syria. Ferenc Muennich is replaced by Janos Kadar as PM of Hungary (2nd term) (until 1965). The Wallis and Futuna island groups in the South Pacific between Fiji and Samoa become an Overseas Territory of France after a referendum by the approx. 10K Polynesian inhabitants. Britain holds trials for accused spies Gordon Lonsdale (Konon Trofimovich Molody) (1922-70), George Blake (Behar) (1922-), Peter Kroger (Morris Cohen) (1910-95), and Helen Kroger (Lona Teresa Cohen) (1913-92); Blake gets 42 years on May 8, 1961. Brig. Gen. Julius Cecil Holmes (1899-1968) is appointed U.S. ambassador to Iran (until 1965). The Central Am. Common Market (CACM) is formed, providing a "free trade zone" in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is founded in Belgrade by Yugoslav pres. Josip Broz Tito and Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru as an alternative to the Western and Eastern blocs; in 2009 it has 118 members and 17 observer countries, representing 55% of world pop. and two-thirds of U.N. members. Jaffa-born intellectual Shafiq al-Hout (Shafik al-Hut) (1932-2009) and Jaffa-born Ahmed Jibril (1938-) found the militant Syrian-backed Palestinian Liberation Front (PLF); in 1964 al-Hout becomes a co-founder of the PLO, representing it at the U.N. and in Lebanon, then resigning after Yasser Arafat signs the 1993 Oslo Accords; in 1964 the fake Arab Muslim "Palestinian" nationality is dreamed up by the KGB for Soviet-trained Yasser Arafat, who uttered the soundbyte: "The Palestinian people have no national identity. I, Yasser Arafat, man of destiny, will give them that identity through conflict with Israel." King Idris opens a 104-mi. pipeline to the Mediterranean, making it possible for Libya to export oil for the first time - lube with Libyan? South Africa switches to decimal currency; P.W. Botha enters govt. life as minister of coloured affairs; the South African govt. establishes the Central Kalahari Game Reserve to protect the Bushmen after the popularity of the books of Sir Laurens van der Post (1906-96), who becomes the mentor of British Prince Charles. The London Gold Pool is established, in which the U.S. central banks and seven other nations agree to buy and sell gold to support the $35 per troy ounce price that was established on Jan. 31, 1934; enormous losses force it to be discontinued in 1968. La.-born CBS-TV journalist Howard Kingsbury Smith (1914-2002), who started out under Edward R. Murrow in Berlin in 1940 and interviewed Hitler, Himmler, and Goebbels at Berchtesgaden before they threw him out of the country quits CBS after he incl. a quote from Edmund Burke at the end of his documentary "Who Speaks for Birmingham?" that "All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing", pissing-off CBS pres. William S. Paley, who orders him to remove it; he moves to ABC-TV, which is running #3 behind CBS-TV and NBC-TV, and helps pump it up while turning into a Vietnam War hawk and earning the love of Richard Nixon, who gives him a rare 1-hour interview in 1971, although he later becomes the first nat. TV commentator to call for his resignation over Watergate; meanwhile Pres. Kennedy appoints Edward R. Murrow to head the new U.S. Info. Agency (USIA) (until 1963), causing him to leave CBS News, where Paley had already cut his See It Now show back; meanwhile after revealing CIA info. about Israel's Dimona nuclear weapons plant to the New York Times last Dec., gaining JFK's attention, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission chmn. (since 1958) John Alexander McCone (1902-91) becomes dir. of the CIA (until 1965); meanwhile CIA agent Richard Lehman (1923-2007) initiates PICL (pr. like pickle) (President's Intelligence Checklist), the first daily memo for a U.S. pres. summarizing global intel news, guiding JFK through the Cuban missile crisis et al.; it is later called the President's Daily Brief; meanwhile at JFK's request a U.S. inspection of Dimona is carried out, finding the facility "within the scope of peaceful character"; after Levi Eshkol replaces Ben Gurion as Israeli PM in 1963, JFK requests another inspection, which is still pending when he is assassinated - giving anti-Semites an opening to accuse Israel of JFK's assassination? William Cornelius Sullivan (1912-77) becomes dir. of the FBI's domestic intel div., putting him in line for J. Edgar Hoover's job; in 1964 he helps arrange for a tape recording of MLK Jr.'s hanky panky with women to be mailed to his wife Coretta Scott King, calling MLK Jr. "a fraud, demagogue, and scoundrel"; too bad, he is "the only liberal Democrat to break into the top ranks of the bureau" (NYT), and after he begins criticizing Hoover about his overemphasis on the Am. Communist Party compared to civil rights violations in the South, and about illegal activities of his COINTELPRO activities, he ends up summarily fired on Oct. 1, 1971, which doesn't stop him from going public with his allegations. The Marxist Sandanista Nat. Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua by Carlos Fonseca Amador (1936-76) et al., named for assassinated nationalist rebel Augusto Cesar Sandino (1895-1934). Pres. Kennedy establishes the President's Commission on the Status of Women, with Eleanor Roosevelt as chmn.; in Oct. 1963 it pub. a report documenting discrimination against women in the workplace, and suggests reforms incl. paid maternity leave and affordable child care. The JFK admin. drags its feet on civil rights for blacks? The U.S. Dept. of Justice targets 100 counties for black voter registration, but by JFK's death only increases it from 5% to 8.3% of eligible voters while blacks employed by the federal govt. only rise 0.5%; the number of school districts desegregated rises from 17 to 166, with Miss., Ala., and S.C. still at zero, and Ga. and La. at 1, causing Martin Luther King Jr. to remark that at this rate it will take until the year 2054 - that's right, we'll leave it to our grandchildren? Women Strike for Peace (WSP) is founded to protest U.S. and Soviet atmospheric nuclear tests, with the motto "End the Arms Race, Not the Human Race". The Soviet Union holds a trade fair in London. The Trans-Siberian Railroad between Moscow and Irkutsk is electrified. Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (1890-1964) succeeds Eugene Dennis as chmn. of the U.S. Communist Party, becoming its first woman chmn. JFK's younger brother Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (1932-2009) makes a trip to Latin Am., concentrating on meetings with prominent Communist and left wing leaders, outraging the U.S. ambassador to Mexico by asking to bring some to the embassy, and causing a State Dept. official in Peru to call him a "pompous and a spoiled brat"; he rents a brothel for an entire night in Chile? Archduke Otto of Hapsburg's application to return to Austria is rejected. After an Am. collector buys Goya's Portrait of the Duke of Wellington for $400K, and public outrage at it leaving Britain forces the British govt. to match the sum and hand it in the Nat. Gallery in London, it is stolen weeks later by a thief who demands the same amount as ransom; it is recovered after Terence Young, dir. of "Dr. No" (1962) spots it in a doctor's lair in 1965, and it is returned voluntarily six weeks later. The Freedom (Liberation) Movement of Iran (FMI or LMI) is founded as the reincarnation of the banned Nat. Front for Mohammad Mossadeq supporters by Muslim religious laymen; it operates mainly in the U.S. and Europe until the 1979 Iranian Rev. Hollywood actor Ronald Reagan works for Operation Coffee Cup, a campaign against Socialized medicine by the Am. Medical Assoc. (AMA), producing a 33-1/3 rpm record titled Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine, in which he says that the U.S. pop. will never accept it with its true label, but might go for it if it's called liberal. The Carlin Gold Mine in Nev. is discovered, causing a new gold rush. The Universalist Church of Am. merges with the Am. Unitarian Assoc. to become the Unitarian Universalist Assoc.; its members profess no creed - no creed is good creed? New York Times pub. Arthur Hays Sulzberger (b. 1891) retires in favor of his son Arthur Ochs "Punch" Sulzberger (1926-) (until 1992). African-Am. writer-reformer W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) renounces his U.S. citizenship, and spends his remaining years in the West African country of Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) - I'm ghana get out of this racist country? Darwin College is founded, becoming the first graduate college at Cambridge U. The Western History Assoc. in Santa Fe, N.M. is founded by Ray Allen Billington (1903-81) et al., going on to pub. The American West Magazine, Western Historical Quarterly, and Montana: The Magazine of Western History. The Sleep Research Society (SRS) (originally the Assoc. for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep) in Chicago, Ill. is founded, changing to its present name in 1982. Am. mezzo-soprano Grace Bumbry (1937-) is featured by Richard Wagner's grandson in the Bayreuth Wagner Festival in Germany, becoming the first black to sing there; she wins the Wagner Medal. The Boston Irish Gang War (ends 1966) begins between the McLaughlin Gang of Charlestown, Mass., led by Bernard "Bernie" McLaughlin, and the Winter Hill Gang of Somerville (N of Boston), Mass., led by James Joseph "Buddy" McLean (1930-65), who kills Bernie then ends up killed, although his gang, led (until 1979) by Italian-German mobster Howie Winter (1929-) becomes #1 among the Irish gangs after the FBI begins using its members as informants in return for shielding them from prosecution to bring down the rival Patriarcha crime family, while they murder over 20 people over the next three decades. The largest police scandal in U.S. history (until ?) takes place in Denver, Colo. (the Queen City of Corruptorado, the Police State of Hate?), giving it its "Year of Shame" as 47 police officers in a dept. of 750 are arrested for participating in an organized burglary ring, along with a sheriff, two deputies, two private detectives, and three civilians; about 40 are convicted. Quaker introduces Life brand cereal. Toucan Sam (body is shades of blue and beak is purple-red-yellow starting at tip) begins appearing in Froot Loops cereal commercials and on boxes. Mattel introduces the Ken Doll as the boyfriend of Barbie. After working for them since 1954, Oak Park, Ill.-born milkshake machine salesman Raymond Albert "Ray" Kroc (1902-84) buys McDonald's Restaurants from 1940 founders Dick and Mac McDonald for $2.7M, initially promising them a 1.9% royalty on gross sales, but later reneging after they try to give the original restaurant to the founding employees, opening "The Big M" McDonald's Restaurant near it to force it out of biz; meanwhile he introduces the slogan "Look for the Golden Arches", followed in 1966 by "The Closest Thing to Home", "You Deserve a Break Today" in ?, "Good Time, Great Taste" in 1998, "I'm Loving It" in 2003, and carries on with blonde married bar piano player Joan Beverly Kroc (nee Mansfield) (1928-2003), marrying her in 1969 (wife #3) after they both divorce their spouses; when he dies, she inherits his empire, becoming known as a philanthropic angel and anti-nuclear activist. Ill. becomes the first U.S. state to decriminalize sodomy, incl. homosexual acts such as sucking, licking, and butt, er, fellatio, cunnilingus, and anal sex between consenting adults in private; Conn. follows in 1971, followed by Colo., Del., Hawaii, N.D., and Ore. in 1973, Ohio in 1974, N.M. in 1975, Calif., Ind., Maine, Wash. and W. Va. in 1976, Vt. and Wyo. in 1977, Alaska and N.Y. in 1980, Wisc. in 1983, Mich. in 1990, Ky. in 1992, Nev. in 1993, the District of Columbia in 1995, Mont. in 1997, Ga., Md. and R.I. in 1998, Ariz. and Ark. in 2001, Mass. in 2002, Minn. in 2001, and all 50 states in 2003 (U.S. Supreme Court decision in Lawrence v. Texas) - next week I can work you in between Rainman and the guy from My Left Foot? He walked in from the Windy City with his gay hat acock? Just because a toothbrush is electronic doesn't mean it works like a Sonicare? Fla. finally protects the Am. crocodile - bon apetit? India annexes Portuguese India incl. the rich state of Goa. The Nat. Indian Council is formed in Canada to promote better relations. Jewish synagogues in Moscow are closed. ABC-Paramount founds the jazz label Impulse Records, which issues LPs with distinctive orange-black spines; its first big hit is Genius + Soul (EQ) Jazz by Ray Charles. Bombay, India-born N.Y.U. business student Ismail Merchant (1936-2005) meets U.S.-born James Ivory (1928-) at a New York City coffee shop, and they form a gay film partnership, adding German-born screenwriter Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (1927-2013) in 1963. African-Am. photographer Gordon Parks (1912-2006) takes photos for Life mag. of poor ailing Brazilian boy Flavio da Silva, which brings donations and a new home for him and his family. Russian ballet star Yuri Vladimirovich Soloviev (1940-77) tours the U.S. with the Kirov Ballet, becoming known as "Cosmic Yuri" for his sky-high Yuri Gagarin leaps; he repeats in 1964; too bad, he commits suicide in Jan. 1977. The FCC approves FM stereo for radio - just in time for the rock era? This year and next Wagon Train (on the air since 1957) is the top-ranked network TV show in the U.S. The U. of Sussex in England is founded. The Washington Post buys Newsweek mag. for $15M. Dallas, Tex.-born engineer ("the Father of Modern Creation Science") Henry Madison Morris (1918-2006) and Washington, D.C.-born theologian John Clement Whitcomb Jr. (1924-2020) pub. the book The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and its Scientific Implications, defending young Earth creationism as more in line with a literal Bible reading than old Earth creationism, becoming a bestseller among Christian fundamentalists, going through 29 printings and selling 200K copies in 25 years, which evolutionist Stephen Jay Gould calls "the founding document of the creationist movement", spawning a movement that attracts young scholars in the sciences, leading to the founding of the Creation Research Society in 1963 and the Inst. for Creation Research in 1972, and making a fan of Australian Christian fundamentalist Kenneth "Ken" Ham (1951-), who founds Answers in Genesis (AiG) in Petersburg, Ky. in 1994, the Creation Museum in 2007 in Petersburg, Ky., and Ark Encounter in Grant County, Ky. in 2016. Brooklyn, N.Y.-born Abraham Harold Maslow (1908-70) et al. found the Journal of Humanistic Psychology in the spring. The Hudson Inst. in Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y. is founded by systems theorist Herman Kahn (1922-83) (inspiration for Dr. Strangelove?) et al. from RAND Corp. as a conservative nonprofit think tank to promote "global security, prosperity, and freedom"; it later moves to Washington, D.C. The Amon Carter Museum of Old West art opens in Ft. Worth, Tex. in a bldg. designed by glass-boxman Philip Cortelyou Johnson (1906-2005) - see your oil dollars at work? The Nat. Museum of the Chinese Rev. in Beijing opens. Liverpool, England-born William MacDonald (1924-2015) begins his string of gruesome knife murders in Sydney, Australia, stabbing men dozens of times in the head and neck then amputating their penis and testicles, killing five before being apprehended in Melbourne on May 13, 1963 and receiving a life sentence, becoming known as "the Sydney Mutilator", the first serial murderer in Australia, dying on May 12, 2015 in Randwick, N.S. in a mental hospital. Black singer Ray Charles (1930-2004) refuses to sing at a Jim Crow whites-only concert in Ga., and is fined, but never banned from the state. The Supremes, featuring Diana Ross (1944-) sign with Motown Records, releasing When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes in 1963, which becomes the group's first top-20 single, followed by Where Did Our Love Go in 1964, their first #1 hit; between Aug. 1964 and May 1967 they chart 10 #1 singles. Jewish-Am. entrepreneurs Harvey Philip "Phil" Spector (1939-2021) and Lester Sill (1918-94) found Phillies Records (combo of Phil and Les) in Philly, soon moving to Los Angeles, Calif. and setting up Gold Star Studios at the corner of Santa Monica Blvd. and Vine St., going on to issue He's a Rebel by the Crystals, followed by 38 more singles and 12 albums by The Crystals, The Ronettes, Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans, Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner (1939-), and The Righteous Brothers (originally Hatfield & Medley until a black Marine at the El Toro USMC Base in El Toro, Calif. yelled "That was righteous, brothers!"), all characterized by innocence, until the arrival of the Beatles kills it by 1966; Spector develops his Wall of Sound musical production technique there with Jewish-Am. audio engineer Larry Levine (1928-2008) that sounds well on AM radio and jukeboxes, using large numbers of electric and acoustic guitars in parallel, plus a resonant echo chamber in the bathroom; he uses the Wrecking Crew, a group of session musicians that goes on to work with The Beach Boys, The Byrds, The Monkees (getting them into trouble with fans), Simon and Garfunkel, The Carpenters, The 5th Dimension, The Partridge Family, John Denver et al. Blues singer Victoria Regina "Queen Victoria" Spivey (1906-76) and blues-jazz historian Leonard "Len" "Kazoo Papa" Kunstadt (1925-96) found the blues label Spivey Records, going on to sign Big Willie Dixon, Lucille Hegamin, Lonnie Johnson, Otis Rush, Memphis Slim, Otis Spann, Roosevelt Sykes, Hannah Sylvester, Buddy Tate, Big Joe Turner, Muddy Waters, Sippie Wallace, Big Joe Williams et al. The Bitter End nighclub in Greenwich Village, N.Y. at 147 Bleecker St., owned by Fred Weintraub (1928-) opens, hosting weekly hootenannies that help launch the careers of folk musicians and comedians incl. Lenny Bruce, Peter, Paul and Mary, Randy Newman, and The Isley Brothers; in the 1960s Weintraub moves to Hollywood and becomes a TV producer, producing "Hootenanny", "The Dukes of Hazzard" et al., then in 1970 becomes exec vice-pres. of Warner Bros., producing "Woodstock", "Enter the Dragon", and "It's Showtime". The Martin Marietta Corp. is founded in Bethesda, Md. via the merger of the Glenn L. Martin Co. and the Chicago-based paint manufacturer American-Marietta; in 1995 it merges with Lockheed Corp. to form Lockheed Martin. Married Am. industrial designers Charles Eames (1907-78) and Ray Eames (1912-88) design the Mathematica: A World of Numbers and Beyond exhibit for IBM, followed by "A Computer Perspective: Background to the Computer Age" in 1971, and "The World of Franklin and Jefferson" in 1975-7. Haagen-Dazs (Häagen-Dazs) is founded in Bronx, N.Y. by Polish-born Jewish-Am. couple Reuben Mattus (1912-94) and Rose Mattus (1916-2006), featuring real rather than artificial ingredients incl. guar gum, xanthan gum, and carrageenan; they start out only with vanilla, chocolate, and coffee flavors; in tribute to the brave treatment of Jews in WWII they invent what they think is a Danish name, even though there is no umlaut in Danish; the carton features a map of Denmark; they open their first retail store in Brooklyn, N.Y. on Nov. 15, 1976; in 1983 Pillsbury Co. acquires the brand for $70M before being acquired by Pillsbury in 2001. The Red Barn fast-food restaurant chain is founded in Springfield, Ohio by Don Six, Martin Levine, and Jim Kirst, growing to 300-400 franchises in 19 states plus Canada and Australia by the time it folds in 1988; offerings incl. the Big Barney and Barnbuster, and the first self-service salad bars; mascots incl. Hamburger Hungry, Chicken Hungry, and Big Fish Hungry; "When the hungries hit/ When the hungries hit/ Hit the Red Barn". Der Wienerschnitzel hot dog restaurant is founded in Wilmington, Los Angeles, Calif. by former Taco Bell employee John Galardi (1937-2013), becoming known for A-frame roofs, becoming the world's largest hot dog chain; the mascot is the Delicious One; in the late 1980s they become Original Hamburger Stand restaurants. Leyland Motors Ltd. acquires Triumph (founded 1923) and goes back into the automobile business. The tandem-rotor YHC-1B Chinook Helicopter by Boeing Aircraft begins production, carrying 22.4M people and 1.3M tons of cargo in 161K hours of flying time by 1968 in Vietnam and elsewhere. Giorgio Beverly Hills (GBH) is founded by Fred Hayman and George Grant, becoming the first luxury boutique on Rodeo Drive (273) in Beverly Hills, Calif.; in 1987 it changes its name to Fred Hayman Beverly Hills. StarKist brand Tuna, owned by H.J. Heinz Co. of Pittsburgh, Penn. launches the Charlie the Tuna ad campaign, created by Leo Burnett Agency; "Sorry Charlie"; on June 24, 2008 Dongwon Industries of South Korea acquires it from Del Monte Foods for $300M. Wham-O introduces the Slip 'N Slide long thin plastic sheet that can be connected to a garden hose for backyard fun; too bad, it's only for kids. Architecture: On Oct. 1 the $24M District of Columbia Stadium (begun July 8, 1960) E of the U.S. Capitol Bldg. near the W bank of the Anacostia River and the D.C. Armory in Washington, D.C. opens, designed to host both baseball and football, with the first circular "cookie-cutter" design, becoming the home of the Washington Redskins (until 1996) and Washington Senators (until 1971); in Jan. 1969 it is renamed the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium. On Dec. 21 the first section of the 64-mi.Capital Beltway (Interstate 495) surrounding Washington, D.C. is opened; it is completed on Aug. 17, 1964. The Bangladesh Nat. Assembly Bldg. (Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban) in Dhaka (Dacca), designed by Louis I. Khan is begun (finished in 1982). The Country Music Hall of Fame is founded by the Country Music Assoc. (CMA); the first inductees are Jimmie Rodgers, Fred Rose, and Hank Williams Sr.; in 1964 the nonprofit Country Music Foundation is founded to operate the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, which opens on Music Row at Music Square East and Division St. in Nashville, Tenn. on Apr. 1, 1967; in ? it moves to 222 Fifth Ave. South. The Modernist bronze-brass El Alamein Memorial (Kings Cross) Fountain in Kings Cross, Sydney, Australia is officially opened by Harry Jensen, lord mayor of Sydney, commemorating the two battles of El Alamein in July and Nov. 1942 by the Australian 9th Div., designed by veteran Robert Raymond "Bob" Woodward (1923-2010), resembling a dandelion. Sir Edward Brantwood Maufe (1883-1974) designs Guilford Cathedral in England. The Independence (Philadelphia) Martime Museum in Penn's Landing, Philadelphia, Pann. is established, housing the warship USS Olympia and sub USS Becuna. The 707-ft. 52-floor Union Carbide Bldg. at 270 Park Ave. in midtown Manhattan, N.Y. is built, designed by architect Natalie Griffin de Blois (1921-2013) of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill; used as the HQ of the World Wide Wicket Co. in the 1967 film "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying". Sports: On Feb. 26 the 1961 (3rd) Daytona 500 is won by Marvin Panch (1926-) in his 1960 Pontiac at an avg. speed of 149.601 mph. On Mar. 13 the Rubber Match (their 3rd fight) in Miami Beach, Fla. sees Floyd Patterson get decked twice and Ingemar Johansson once before Patterson KOs Johansson in round 6 to retain his heavyweight boxing title; they become good friends who fly across the Atlantic to see each other every other year. On Mar. 27 the 1961 NBA Draft sees nine teams select 107 players in 15 rounds; after serving as the starting center on the 1960 Olympic men's basketball team in Rome, 6'11" center Walter Jones "Walt" Bellamy (1939-2013) of the U. of Ind. is selected #1 by the Chicago Packers (#8), going on to be named rookie of the year with 31.6 points per game avg. (2nd to Wilt Chamberlain's 37.6) and 19 rebounds per game (vs. 27 for Wilt Chamberlain and 19.6 for Bill Russell) before moving to the Baltimore Bullets (#8) in 1963-5, the New York Knicks (#8) in 1965-8, the Detroit Pistons (#8) in 1968-70, the Atlanta Hawks (#8) in 1970-4, and the New Orleans Jazz (#8) in 1974; 6'6" Harbin, Manchuria-born Russian immigrant forward (budding poet) Thomas Nicholas "Tom" Meschery (Tomislav Nikolayevich Meshcheryakov) (1938-) of Saint Mary's College (#31) is selected #7 by the Philadelphia Warriors (#14), leading the NBA in personal fouls in 1962, moving to the Seattle Supersonics (#14) in 1967-71; 6'3" forward Donald R. "Don" Kojis (1939-) of Marquette U. is selected #21 by the Chicago Packers, holding out to play for the Baltimore Bullets (#22) in 1963-4, followed by the Detroit Pistons (#16) in 1964-6, Chicago Bulls (#9) in 1966-7, San Diego Rockets (#44) in 1967-70, Seattle SuperSonics (#22) in 1970-2, and Kansas City-Omaha Kings (#21) in 1972-5; 6'6" power forward-center William C. "Bill" Bridges (1939-) of the U. of Kan. is selected #32 by the Chicago Packers, chosing to play for the ABL Kansas City Steers (#?) in 1961-3, setting an ABL record with 55 points on Dec. 9, 1962 before returning to the NBA to play for the St. Louis Hawks (#10) in 1963-71, averaging a double-double throughout his NBA career; in 1967-8 he sets an NBA record of 366 personal fouls. On Apr. 2-11 the 1961 NBA Finals is won 4-3 by the Boston Celtics (coach Red Auerbach) over the St. Louis Hawks (coach Paul Seymour). On Apr. 6-16 the 1961 Stanley Cup Finals see the Chicago Blackhawks (first Finals appearance since 1944) defeat the Detroit Red Wings 4-2, becoming their 3rd title, first since 1938, and last until 2010; the only title won by a team not from Detroit, Toronto, or Montreal during the Original Six Era (1942-67); Czech.-born Chicago 5'9" center Stanislav "Stan" Mikita (Guoth) (1940-) leads the NHL in goals during the playoffs with six, going on next season to become a star, the #1 center of the 1960s, anchoring the Scooter Line with Ken Wharram, Ab McDonald, and Doug Mohns, becoming known for his curved stick along with teammate Bobby Hull, trying his record of 97 points in the 1966-7 season; in 1970 the NHL limits blade curvature to 1/2"; after his daughter Meg asks him why he sits down so much on TV, he cleans up his game. On May 30 the 1961 (45th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Anthony Joseph "A.J." Foyt Jr. (1935-). On July 8-9 the U.S. joins the Federation Internationale des Quilleurs (FIQ) (founded 1952) in Strasbourg, France, with the U.S. Bowling Congress (USBC) forming Team USA to compete in the 1963 FIQ World Championships in Mexico. On July 31 the first ML All-Star Game to end in a tie is stopped in the 9th inning due to rain at Fenway Park in Boston, Mass.; the next isn't until 2002. The Washington Senators move to Minneapolis, Minn. and become the Minnesota Twins; the new Washington Senators become Washington, D.C.'s first ML team; after the 1971 season they move to Arlington, Tex. and change their name to the Texas Rangers. On Sept. 10 German driver Count Wolfgang Alexander Albert Eduard Maximilian Berghe von Trips (b. 1928) collides with Jim Clark's Lotus and crashes his Ferrari into a stand at the F1 Italian Grand Prix in Monza, Italy, killing 15 spectators plus himself and ruining Germany's chance to get its first Formula One world title, for which he only needed to come in 3rd. On Oct. 1 after a race with teammate Mickey Mantle (who share an apt. in Queens, and are called the "M&M Boys" by the press), helped by an expansion season, N.D.-born Croatian-descent New York Yankees right fielder (same position as Babe Ruth) Roger Eugene Maris (1934-85) (#9) (salary $38K a year) (known for eating burned eggs to help him hit homers, and for signing an X for an autograph, with the stress causing his hair to start falling out) hits his 61st home run in the last game of a 162-game season against the Boston Red Sox in front of only 23K fans, breaking Babe Ruth's 1927 record and making Maris the most hated man in baseball by Ruth fans; he hit his first homer on Apr. 26; he hits #58 in game #153, and hits #59 in pennant-clinching game #154 against Baltimore during Hurricane Esther, and potential #60 is caught by the wind, after which his team rallies to get him a last at-bat, and Baltmore brings in knuckle-ball thrower Hoyt Wilhelm, who tags him out at first; he hits #60 in game #158; despite 80% of the fans rooting for him, Okla.-born center fielder (#7) Mickey Mantle ends the season wth 54 homers, hitting #49 with a bad right arm and ending up in the hospital with a bad left hip caused by an infected needle; the big ball is caught by Sal Durante (1942-), who offers it to Maris, who declines, after which Durante sells it for $5K to restaurateur Sam Gordon, who donates it to the Nat. Baseball Hall of Fame; MLB commissioner #3 (1951-65) Ford Christopher Frick (1894-1978) (a former ghostwriter for Babe Ruth) convinces record keepers to list his record separately from Babe Ruth's, adding an asterisk because of the shorter 154-game season; in 1991 after three players eclipse both of them, ML baseball commissioner Fay Vincent drops the asterisk, thus Maris died not knowing that the record belonged to him. On Nov. 4 Wilt Chamberlain of Philadelphia begins his record streak of 65 straight games scoring 30+ points (until ?); in 1962 he has a 31-game streak. On Nov. 16 after being falsely accused of point shaving at the U. of Iowa in 1960, causing him to be blackballed from the NBA, 6'8" Brooklyn, N.Y.-born center-power forward Cornelius L. "Connie" "the Hawk" Hawkins (1942-) makes his prof. debut with the Pittsburgh Rens of the ABA with a 97-89 home loss to the Chicago Majors, and is named MVP in his only season before the league folds in 1963; in 1963-7 he plays for the Harlem Globetrotters; in 1966 he is officially banned from the NBA, causing him to file a $6M lawsuit against the NBA, which is settled in 1969 for $1.3M; in 1967-9 he plays for the Pittsburgh/Minn. Pipers of the ABA; in 1969 despite knee problems he is drafted by the new NBA Phoenix Suns (#42), leading them to the playoffs until the Los Angeles Lakers knock them out in a 7-game series; in 1973 he is traded to the Lakers, followed in 1975 by the Atlanta Hawks. On Nov. 28 running back Ernie Davis (1939-63) of Syracuse U. becomes the first African-Am. to win the Heisman Trophy, getting drafted by the Washington Redskins, traded to the Cleveland Browns, then developing leukemia in 1962 before playing a single pro game. On Dec. 8 Wilt Chamberlin scores a record 78 points and makes 43 rebounds in a game against the Los Angeles Lakers. The Chicago Packers become the first NBA expansion team; in 1962 they become the Chicago Zephyrs, followed in 1963 by the Baltimore Bullets, in 1973 by the Capital Bullets, in 1974 by the Washington Bullets, and in 1997 by the Washington Wizards. AFL Houston Oilers QB (#16) George Frederick "the Fossil" Blanda (1927-2010) ends the season with an NFL record 36 TD passes, which it takes Dan Marino of the Miami Dolphins until 1984 to surpass with 48. Roy Stanley Emerson (1936-) of Australia wins the U.S. Lawn Tennis Assoc. men's singles title; he also wins the Australian Open this year, followed by 1963-7; Darlene Hard of the U.S. wins the women's singles title; Rodney George "Rod" Laver (1938-) (#1 world player in 1964-70) wins the Wimbledon men's singles title, and Florence Angela Margaret Mortimer Barrett (1932-) of England wins the U.S. Lawn Tennis Assoc. women's singles title; Australia skunks Italy 5-0 to win the Davis Cup of tennis, its 10th win since 1946 vs. six for the U.S. Jack William Nicklaus (1940-), "the Golden Bear" wins the U.S. Golf Assoc. amateur title, and Gene Alec Littler (1930-) wins the U.S. Open; Gary Player (1935-) of South Africa (who always plays in all-black outfits) wins the Masters. Carry Back (1958-83) (jockey J. Sellers) wins the Preakness Stakes and the Kentucky Derby. 18-y.-o. Bobby Fischer refuses to compete for the U.S. chess title, citing the paltry $1K prize, then wins it for the 4th time, defeating Hungarian grandmaster Paul Benko. Brainy 5'8" blonde Marlene Schmidt (1937-) (masters degree in engineering) wins the 1961 Miss Germany and Miss Universe pageants, becoming the first German to be crowned Miss Universe (until ?); in 1962-6 she marries "Bronco" TV star Ty Hardin. Lucchese crime family mobster Frankie Carbo (1904-76), known as "the Czar of Boxing" since the 1940s, who is rumored to have engineered the 1947 murder of Bugsy Siegel in Beverly Hills, Calif. is charged with extortion of welterweight boxing champ (1958-60) Don "Geronimo" Jordan (1934-97), and after a 3-mo. trial prosecuted personally by U.S. atty.-gen. Robert Kennedy he is convicted and sentenced to 25 years. After inventing the full-court press and four corners offense at the N.C. College for Negroes (1941-52), Hampton Inst. (1953-4), and Tenn. State A&I U. (1955-9), where he leds them to three straight NAIA titles in 1957-9, Hiawatha, Kan.-born John B. McLendon Jr. (1915-99) becomes the head coach of the ABL Cleveland Pipers basketball team (until 1962), becoming the first African-Am. head coach of a major sports team; in 1967 he becomes men's basketball coach at Kentucky State U., becoming the first African-Am. basketball coach of a predominantly white univ.; in 1969 he becomes head coach of the ABA Denver Rockets, but is fired after the team starts the season 9-19; the John McLendon Court at Tenn. State U. is later dedicated. Dean Edwards Smith (1931-2015) becomes head basketball coach at the U. of N.C. (until 1997), retiring with two nat. titles and a record 879 wins, which is not surpassed until 1997 by Bob Knight of Indiana U. The first Little America's Cup multi-hull match race is held off Thorpe Bay, Essex. Mikhail Botvinnik regains his world chess title (until 1963). The Ramblin' Wreck, a 1930 Ford Model A Sport Coupe becomes the official football team mascot of Georgia Tech. Architecture: The BT (London Post Office) Tower in London, designed by Eric Bedford (1909-2001) is begun (finished 1965). 869-ft. Vajont (Vaiont) Dam in Vaiont, Italy is completed, becoming the world's highest dam (until 1962) (first to break the 800 ft. barrier), and 3rd highest concrete structure; speaking of breaking, in Oct. 1963 a major rock slide into the reservoir flushes a 200-ft. wall of water over the dam, killing 1,809 incl. 430 school children in Langarone and five other villages. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjold (1905-61) (Sweden) (posth.) (after this, posth. awards are prohibited); Lit.: Ivan "Ivo" Andric (1892-1975) (Yugoslavia); Physics: Robert Hofstadter (1915-90) (U.S.) [electron scattering in nuclei], Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer (Mössbauer) (1929-) (Germany) [Mossbauer Effect]; Chem.: Melvin Ellis Calvin (1911-97) (U.S.) [Calvin Cycle for photosynthesis]; Med.: Georg von Bekesy (Békésy) (1899-1972) (U.S.) [cochlea]. Inventions: Burroughs introduces the Burroughs 5000, featuring a stack-driven architecture with reentrant code that exclusively supports high-level programming languages, becoming a programmer's dream; all system software is written in ALGOL 60. David Flexer of Inflight Motion Pictures develops a 16mm film system for commercial aircraft, replacing 30-in.-diam. film reels; on July 19 "By Love Possessed" by John Sturges becomes the first movie shown on a regular commercial airline flight on TWA. After witnessing 50% of patients with blood clots in their limbs die, Cincinnati, Ohio-born surgeon Thomas J. "Tom" Fogarty (1934-) (not to be confused with the Creedence Clearwater Revival Fogarty) invents the Fogarty Balloon Embolectomy Catheter to remove clots in arteries using only local anesthesia via minimally-invasive surgery, patenting it in 1969; in 1965 it is used for the first balloon angioplasty. Gibson redesigns the Les Paul guitar to create the Gibson SG (solid guitar), later becoming the favorite of AC/DC lead guitarist Angus Young (1955-). Grecian Formula hair dye is introduced by Combe Inc. of er, White Plains, N.Y., becoming a hit with the graying set because it is colorless and works gradually because it is really lead acetate and sulfur, which penetrates the hair shaft and turns dark black; after daily treatments for 1-2 weeks, it only has to be applied once a week. On July 23 IBM Corp. introduces the electric IBM Selectric Typewriter, invented by architect Eliot Fette Noyes (1910-77), which uses a replaceable golfball-shaped typing element to allow easy changing of fonts; in 1964 IBM introduces a magnetic tape to turn it into a word processor, for a mere $10K; the IBM Pavilion in the 1964 New York World's Fair is shaped like a Selectric type element; in Oct. 1969 IBM introduces the IBM Mag Card Selectric Typewriter. Am. physician William Fouts House (1923-2012) invents the Cochlear Implant (bionic ear) for deaf people, which stimulates nerves inside the inner ear with electric currents; it is first marketed commercially in 1972. In 1961 John Larry Kelly Jr. (1923-65) of Bell Labs uses an IBM 704 computer for Human Speech Synthesis, having it sing the song Daisy Bell, which Arthur C. Clarke witnesses, using it in his 1968 film "2001: A Space Odyssey". Jack Lippes invents the inert plastic Intrauterine Device (IUD) for birth control, becoming up to 99.9% effective and lasting up to 10 years. Am. electrical engineer Eugene F. Lally of JPL invents Digital Photography as a way for manned missions to photograph Mars. English businessman Sir Isaac James Pitman (1901-85) (grandson of shorthand inventor Sir Isaac Pitman) invents the Initial Teaching (Augmented Roman) Alphabet of 44 characters containing every sound in the English language, used for teaching beginners to read. In 1961 Unimate, the first industrial robot receives a U.S. patent (#2,988,237) (filed 1954) and begins operation at a GM plant in Detroit, Mich. welding die castings onto auto bodies. Wham-O begins marketing Slip 'n Slide, a fun way to use your garden hose in your yard to keep cool. Science: On Feb. 14 the radioactive element (half-life 3.6 hours) Lawrencium (#103) (Lr) is synthesized by Albert Ghiroso (1915-2010) et al. of UCB. Beecham Co. of Britain begins marketing the antiobiotic Ampicillin (Penbritin). Ibuprofen is patented by Boots Co. of Britain, and approved for prescription use to treat rheumatoid arthritis in 1969, followed by the U.S. in 1974; it becomes an over-the-counter drug in the U.K. in 1983; unlike aspirin, it is stable in solution and can be applied as a topical gel for sports injuries to bypass the digestive tract. Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Jr. (1916-95) of the Nat. Insts. of Health shows that ribonuclease can be refolded after denaturation with enzyme activity preserved, suggesting that the info. required by protein to reach its final conformation is encoded in its primary structure, winning him the 1972 Nobel Chem. Prize. Alberta, Canada-born psychologist Albert Bandura (1925-) conducts the controversial Bobo Doll Experiment, which proves that people can learn not just by being rewarded and punished themselves (Behaviorism), but by watching somebody else being rewarded and punished (Observational Learning), founding Social Learning Theory. After Am. microbiologist Maurice Ralph Hillerman (1919-2005) of Merck & Co. discovers that simian viruses can contaminate vaccines, Jonas Salk's polio vaccine is recalled and replaced with Albert Sabin's oral vaccine. South African biologist Sydney Brenner (1927-2019), French biologist Francois Jacob (1920-2013), and Am. biologists Matthew Stanley Meselson (1930-) and Franklin William Stahl (1929-) use phage-infected bacteria to show that ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and are stable, proving the existence of Messenger RNA (mRNA), and elucidating the triplet nature of the code of protein translation, incl. how frameshift mutations occur when a number of nucleotides not evenly divisible by three are inserted or deleted; Jacob and Jacques Lucien Monod (1910-76) propose that control of enzyme levels in cells occurs through feedback on transcription, becoming the first example of a transciptional regulation system, winning them the 1965 Nobel Med. Prize; Brenner later discovers that the 1mm roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is an ideal model organism for studying the genetics of animal development, winning him the 2002 Nobel Med. Prize. German biochemist J. Heinrich Matthaei (1929-) of NIH in Bethesda, Md. performs the Poly-U Experiment on May 15, becoming the first person to understand the genetic code, going on to work with Marshall Warren Nirenberg (1927-2010) to synthesize repeated nucleotide sequences leading to the production of repeated single amino acids; too bad, Matthaei is snubbed for a Nobel Prize - something about the Nuremberg Trials? After 302 cases of phocomelia (seal-flipper limbs) in newborns in West Germany, Australian physician William Leon McBride (1938-) traces it to the tranquilizer Thalidomide (originally developed by the Nazis as an antidote to the nerve gas Sarin, and used since 1956 in 50 countries to treat morning sickness during pregnancy) (actually only one of the two isomers, left and right-handed, causes fetal abnormalities, but it is marketed in a 50-50 mixture), causing the ministry of health to issue a warning to physicians, after which the U.S. FDA on the advice of reviewer Frances Kathleen Oldham Kelsey (1914-) rejects approval, and McBride becomes a hero, earning several awards; too bad, 10K-12K children are born with phocomelia by the time its use is stopped; too bad, McBride claims that the drug alters DNA so that the affliction can be passed to children, and he is discredited in 1993 for falsifying the records on another morning sickness drug and struck from the Australian Medical Register. Cryosurgery is first performed by Am. neurosurgeon Irving Spencer Cooper (1922-85) on Parkinson's disease patients to reduce tremors. The thrill of breaking things becomes Big Science? In Jan. 1960 Murray Gell-Mann (1930-) of Caltech pub. his Eightfold-Way Theory, proposing that all of the 100+ nuclear particles, incl. subnuclear hadrons (baryons and mesons) are made up of Quarks (named after James Joyce's "Finnegans Wake", "Three quarks for Muster Mark!/ Sure he hasn't got much of a bark/ And sure any he has it's all beside the mark"), which come in various flavors (up, down, strange, charm, top, bottom), and are permanently confined by forces coming from the exchange of Gluons, and calling for a search for a nuclear particle called Omega Minus; the same mo. Yuval Ne'eman (1925-2006) of Israel pub. a similar theory; too bad, Gell-Mann is awarded the 1969 Nobel Physics Prize, but Ne'eman is snubbed. German biochemist J. Heinrich Mathaei (1929-) discovers that a synthetic RNA polynucleotide composed of three repeating uridylic acid residues (UUU) codes for phenylalanine, leading to the unlocking of the genetic code in 1968 by Nirenberg, Kohorana and Holley; too bad, they chintz him out of his share of the Nobel Prize? British archeologist James Mellaart (1925-) begins excavating the Neolithic town of Catal Huyuk (Çatal Hüyük) (Turkish "fork mound") SE of Konya in S Anatolia (until 1965). French-Australian physician Jacques Francis Albert Pierre Miller (1931-) proves that the thymus is part of the immune system by removing it from newborn mice, who fail to develop white blood cells or lymph nodes and accept grafts without rejection. Milwaukee-Wisc.-born psychologist Neal Elgar Miller (1909-2002) proposes the use of Biofeedback to control heart rate and other involuntary functions. English biochemist Peter Dennis Mitchell (1920-92) pub. the Chemiosmotic Theory to explain energy storage in plants and animals via a proton gradient across a vesicular membrane that generates an electric field, countering the prevailing purely chemical phosphorylation theory and winning him the 1978 Nobel Chem. Prize after ATP synthase is discovered. Am. economist John Fraser Muth (1930-2005) pub. his Theory of Rational Expectations, that agents' expectations equal true statistical expected values, i.e., are model-consistent, i.e., assume the validity of the model's predictions. Canadian scientists James Edgar Till (1931-) and Ernest Armstrong McCulloch (1926-2011) prove the existence of Stem Cells by using radiation to destroy the blood cells of lab mice, then injecting bone marrow from genetically identical mice and observing that all types of blood cells are formed - talk about getting your strong arm and hand in the eager till and McCulling in earnest? Parqauat (made from sodium, anhydrous ammonia, and chloromethane), first synthesized in 1882, whose herbicidal properties weren't recognized until 1955 is first marketed commercially for weed killing. The value of pi is computed to 100,265 places by an IBM 7090 computer at the IBM Data Center in 8 hours and 43 min. - did it end or repeat? Nonfiction: Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), The Idea of Freedom: A Dialectic Examination of the Controversies about Freedom; Great Ideas from the Great Books. Daniel Aaron (1912-), Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism; from his birth year to the early 1940s. Joy Adamson (1910-80), Living Free; sequel to "Born Free" (1960). Gordon Willard Allport (1897-1967), Pattern and Growth in Personality. Robert Ardrey (1908-80), African Genesis: A Personal Investigation Into the Animal Origins and Nature of Man; the killer ape theory of man (incl. that only humans intentionally kill members of their own species), which along with Desmond Morris' 1967 "The Naked Ape" turn on Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick. Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962), La Flamme d'une Chandelle (The Flame of a Candle). John Haden Badley (1865-1967), A Bible for Modern Readers (New Testament); followed in 1965 by The Bible As Seen Today (Old Testament). James Baldwin (1924-87), Nobody Knows My Name. Solomon Barkin (1907-2000), The Decline of the Labor Movement and What Can Be Done About It; how unions are getting bogged down in administering contracts and are losing their role as agents of change. Ernest Becker (1924-74), Zen: A Rational Critique. Paul Blanshard (1892-1980), The Future of Catholic Power. Ernst Bloch (1885-1977), Natural Law and Human Dignity (Naturrecht und Menschliche Wurde); human rights in a Socialist society; helps spawn the 1968 Prague Spring. Daniel Joseph Boorstin (1914-2004), The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America; hyperreality and postmodernity; events that serve no person other than to be reproduced in ads. Edwin Garrigues Boring (1886-1968), Psychologists at Large: An Autobiography and Selected Essays (3 vols.). Wayne Clayson Booth (1921-), The Rhetoric of Fiction; all narrative is a form of rhetoric and is not about "showing vs. telling", and the author can't be abstracted from the text?; the concept of the implied audience and narrative reliability. Asa Briggs (1921-), The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom (5 vols.) (1961-95); history of the BBC. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Economic Development as an Evolutionary System; how society will move from civilized to "post-civilized". Kenneth Burke (1897-1993), The Rhetoric of Religion; how Christians, Jews, Buddhists, Muslems etc. inhabit different symbolic realities with different vocabularies describing how the world works. Eddie Cantor (1892-1964), The Way I See It. Edward Hallett Carr (1892-1982), What Is History?; rev. ed. 1986; pooh-poohs the idea that history is a series of accidents, as in the Cleopatra's nose story, arguing that it is actually a series of interacting causal chains, but noting that historians selective choose which facts are important, such as ignoring how millions crossed the Rubicon River until Caesar did it in 49 B.C.E., and dissing the "cult of individualism" that ignores that everybody is a product of society, waffling on the question of whether and how history is a science instead of an art. Julia Child (1912-2004), Simone Beck (1904-91), and Louisette Bertholle (1905-99), Mastering the Art of French Cooking, Vol. 1 (Alfred A. Knopf) (726 pages); bestseller, turning Americans on to French cuisine; vol. 2 in 1970. Craig Claiborne (1920-2000), The New York Times Cookbook. James Bryant Conant (1893-1978), Slums and Suburbs: A Commentary on Schools in Metropolitan Areas. Robert Conquest (1917-2015), Courage of Genius: The Pasternak Affair: A Documentary Report on Its Literary and Political Significance. Lawrence Arthur Cremin (1925-90), The Transformation of the School: Progressivism in American Education, 1876-1957 (Bancroft Prize); how mushrooming enrollment led to an emphasis on non-academic subjects and non-authoritarian teaching methods. Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), Truth is More Sacred. Adelle Davis (1904-74), Exploring Inner Space: Personal Experiences Under LSD-25; pub. under the alias Jane Dunlap. Bernice Freeman Davis (1905-2002), The Desperate and the Damned; the Caryl Chessman case. Christopher Henry Dawson (1889-1970), The Crisis of Western Education: With Specific Programs for the Study of Christian Culture; bemoans the dropping of Western culture studies in favor of vocational and technical studies. Robert J. Donovan (1912-2003), PT-109: John F. Kennedy in World War II; bestseller about JFK's 9/11 on Aug. 2, 1943; makes the new pres. a bigger hero; funny how he has a habit of getting into fatal collisions? Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), Power and Democracy in America. Will Durant (1885-1981) and Ariel Durant (1898-1981), The Story of Civilization, Part VII: The Age of Reason Begins; from Elizabeth I to Galileo, 1558-1642. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Images and Symbols: Studies in Religious Symbolism. Sir William Empson (1906-84), Milton's God; claims he had an active hatred for the God of Christianity. M. Stanton Evans (1934-), Revolt on the Campus. Emil Ludwig Fackenheim (1961-2003), Metaphysics and Historicity. Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006), The Useless Sex: Voyage Around the Woman. Fritz Fanon (1925-61), The Wretched of the Earth (Les Damnes de la Terre); the dehumanizing effects of colonization. Charles G. Finney (1905-84), The Old China Hands (autobio.). Fritz Fischer (1908-99), Germany's Aims in the First World War (Griff nach der Weltmacht: DieKriegzielpolitik des kaiserlichen Deutschland 1914–1918) (fall); English trans. 1967; claims that Germany deliberately instigated WWI in an attempt to become a world power, wanting to created a German-dominated Europe (Mitteleuropa) and German-dominated Africa (Mittelafrika), running the risk of drawing Britain into war to pursue it, pissing-off Germans and getting his publisher's office firebombed, launching the heated Fischer Controversy among historians of Germany. Erich Fromm (1900-80), May Man Prevail? An Inquiry into the Facts and Fictions of Foreign Policy; Marx's Concept of Man. John Frederick Charles Fuller (1878-1966), The Conduct of War, 1789-1961: A Study of the Impact of the French, Industrial, and Russian Revolutions on War and Its Conduct; claims that the French Rev. changed the aim of warfare from changing a govt.'s policy to its unconditional surrender and destruction. Vivian Hunter Galbraith (1889-1976), The Making of Domesday Book. John William Gardner (1912-2002), Excellence: Can We Be Equal and Excellent Too?; "If we accept the common usage of words, nothing can be more readily disproved than the old saw, 'You can't keep a good man down'." F.H. George, The Brain As A Computer; "The idea is to regard the brain itself as if it were a computer-type control system, in the belief that by so doing we are making explicit what for some time has been implicit in the biological sciences" - break free from the behaviorist pack? Lawrence Henry Gipson (1880-1971), The Triumphant Empire: Thunder-Clouds Gather in the West, 1733-66 (Pulitzer Prize); vol. 10 in his 15-vol. pro-British history of the British Empire before the Am. Rev. John Howard Griffin (1920-80), Black Like Me; a white man from Mansfield, Tex. disguises himself as a black man using Oxsoralen to darken his skin, and spends six weeks traveling on Greyhound buses through La., Miss., Ala., and Ga.; filmed in 1964 starring James Whitmore. Frank Gruber (1904-69), Horatio Alger Jr.: A Biography and Bibliography; first book to challenge the 1928 Herbert R. Mayes bio. Philippe Halsman (1906-79), Halsman on the Creation of Photographic Ideas; the rule of the unusual technique, the rule of the added unusual feature, and the rule of the missing feature. Oscar Handlin (1915-2011) and Mary Flug Handlin (-1976), The Dimensions of Liberty; The Distortion of America; 2nd ed. 1996; the first critique of anti-Americanism in Am. univs., blaming the cancer of Marxist-Leninist ideology and showing how historians can shed their ideological biases and produce reliable histories; the 2nd ed. covers Yugoslavia, China, and Arthur Koestler; "The study of the human past persuades me that, despite the frequent risks of failure, man has the capacity to make order an find purpose in the world in which he lives when he uses the power of his reason to do so." Carolyn Heilbrun (1926-2003), The Garnett Family. Leicester Hemingway (1915-82), My Brother, Ernest Hemingway - who wouldn't want to pick this up in the bookstore? Raul Hilberg (1926-97), The Destruction of the European Jews his magnum opus, pub. after his alma mater Columbia U. turns it down, followed by five more publishers until Quadrangle Books takes a chance on it; German ed. isn't pub. until 1982; rev. ed. pub. in 1985 as a 3-vol. set; "The first clear description of the incredibly complicated machinery of destruction set up under Nazism" (Hannah Arendt); bolsters the functionalist view of the Holocaust, first proposed by German historian (ex-Nazi Party member) Martin Broszat (1926-89) in 1977, that it was evolved by the bureaucracy after other plans proved untenable, which competes with the intentionalist view that it was a premeditated plan from day one by Hitler, forced on the bureaucrats from the top; in 1977, that it evolved after other plans proved untenable, which competes with the documents how the Judenrate (Jewish Councils) were complicit in the Holocaust, pissing-off the Israeli govt., which denies him access to the Yad Vashem archives, causing him to utter the soundbyte: "It has taken me some time to absorb what I should always have known, that in my whole approach to the study of the destruction of the Jews I was pitting myself against the main current of Jewish thought." Christopher Hill (1912-2003), The Century of Revolution, 1603-1714. Philip Khuri Hitti (1886-1978), The Near East in History. Lancelot Hogben (1895-1975), Mathematics in the Making - little TLW's favorite pillow book for years? Sidney Hook (1902-89), The Quest for Being, and Other Studies in Naturalism and Humanism. Samuel Phillips Huntington (1927-2008), The Common Defense: Strategic Programs in National Politics. Jane Jacobs (1916-2006), The Death and Life of Great American Cities; criticizes urban renewal and favors diverse building styles in densely-packed neighborhoods, starting a rev. and bringing down N.Y. planning czar Robert Moses (1888-1981), starting with the rejection of his proposed Mid-Manhattan Expressway through Greenwich Village and SoHo. Elizabeth Jenkins (1905-2010), Elizabeth and Leicester; the violent deaths of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard made Queen Elizabeth I unable to have sex with Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester? Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980), Humane Traditions in America: A List of Suggested Readings, Vol. 1. Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961), Memories, Dreams, Reflections (posth.). George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), Control of the Mind; Hanged by the Neck: An Exposure of Capital Punishment in England. Hans Kohn (1891-1971), The Habsburg Empire, 1804-1918. R.D. Laing (1927-89), Self and Others. Joseph P. Lash (1909-87), Dag Hammarskjold: Custodian of the Brushfire Peace. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), The Emergence of Modern Turkey; Kemal Ataturk's People's Party of 1923, the turnover of power in May 1950 to the Dem. Party, followed by the military takover in 1960; as a Western-oriented Muslim Middle East power, its status is a bellweather to the success of Muslim fundamentalism?; argues that the Armenian Genocide was not a deliberate Ottoman policy but a struggle between two competing nationalist movements, and calls the label "genocide" the "Armenian version of history "in Nov. 1993, getting him taken to court and fined one franc; Oscar Lewis (1914-70), The Children of Sanchez: Autobiography of a Mexican Family; the Mexico City slum of Tepito; banned in Mexico. Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of "Brainwashing" in China; coins the term "brainwashing" AKA "thought reform" AKA "mind control", consisting of eight methods: milieu control, mystical manipulation, demand for purity, confession, sacred science, loaded language, subordination of person, right to dispense of existence; claims they can't permanently change beliefs or personality. John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001), Man and Dolphin: Adventures of a New Scientific Frontier. Jackson Turner Main (1917-2003), The Antifederalists: Critics of the Constitution, 1781-1788 (first book) (Jamestown Prize); attacks the Consensus School of Am. History with archival work exposing tension between ordinary citizens and aristocrats. Harpo Marx (1888-1964), Harpo Speaks! (autobio.). Mary McCarthy (1912-89), On the Contrary (essays). David McClelland (1917-98), The Achieving Society. George Lachmann Mosse (1918-99), The Culture of Western Europe: The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, an Introduction; culture as "a state or habit of mind which is apt to become a way of life". Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects; his masterpiece? Ernest Nagel (1901-85), The Structure of Science. Stephen Charles Neill (1900-84), Christian Faith and Other Faiths: The Christian Dialogue with Other Religions. Richard Elliott Neustadt (1919-2003), Presidential Power: The Politics of Leadership; by a JFK advisor. Hans Erich Nossack (1901-77), Nach dem Letzten Aufstand. Frank O'Connor (1903-66), An Only Child (autobio.); how as a child when he came to a wall too high to climb he would throw his cap over it to force himself to do it; quoted by JFK when launching the Race to the Moon: "This nation has tossed its cap over the wall of space and we have no choice but to follow it." Oxford U. Press, The New English Bible; pub. on the 350th anniv. of the 1611 King James Authorized Version (AV). Louella Parsons (1881-1972), Tell It to Louella (autobio.); in 1964 her asst. Dorothy Manners (1903-98) takes over her Hearst Corp. movie gossip column, begun in 1922; Manners retires in 1977. Eric Partridge (1894-1979), A Charm of Words: Essays and Papers on Language. Charles Petrie (1895-1977), The Modern British Monarchy. Richard Pipes (1923), The Russian Intelligentsia. George Plimpton (1927-2003), Out Of My League; how he faced the eight starters for both teams in the 1960 All-Star game. David Morris Potter (1910-71), The Background of the Civil War. Benjamin Arthur Quarles (1904-96), The Negro in the American Revolution; "The Negro's role in the Revolution can best be understood by realizing that his major loyalty was not to a place nor to a people, but to a principle. Insofar as he had freedom of choice, he was likely to join the side that made him the quickest and best offer in terms of those 'unalienable rights' of which Mr. Jefferson had spoken. Whoever invoked the image of liberty, be he American or British, could count on a ready response from the blacks." Carroll Quigley (1910-77), The Evolution of Civilizations: An Introduction to Historical Analysis. Leon Radzinowicz, In Search of Criminology. Ayn Rand (1905-82), For the New Intellectual: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand; her rational self-interest philosophy of Objectivism as described in her bestselling novels "Atlas Shrugged" and "The Fountainhead". Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), Assays. Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008), Pour un Nouveau Roman (For a New Novel); helps define the French Nouveau Roman, a movement incl. Michel Butor (1926-), Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), and Claude Simon (1913-2005). Henry Rosovsky (1927-), Capital Formation in Japan; Quantitative Japanese Economic History. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), Fact and Fiction; Has Man a Future?; The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell [1872-1970], 1903-1959; ed. by Robert E. Egner and Lester E. Denonn. Robert Allen Rutland, George Mason: Reluctant Statesman. Michel Saint-Denis (1897-1971), Theatre: A Rediscovery of Style. Mark Schorer (1908-77), Sinclair Lewis: An American Life. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), Moneda y Libertad (Money and Liberty). Alexander P. de Seversky (1894-1974), America: Too Young to Die! B.F. Skinner (1904-90), The Analysis of Behavior: A Program of Self-Instruction. C.P. Snow (1905-80), Science and Government. George Steiner (1929-), The Death of Tragedy; the one art form unique to the Western world, and it's kaput? William Andrew Swanberg (1907-92), Citizen Hearst: A Biography of William Randolph Hearst (NYT bestseller); rejected for a Pulitzer Prize by the trustees of Columbia U. even after the advisory board recommends it because Hearst isn't important enough, becoming the first trustee rejection of a board recommendation, causing sales to soar. Herman Taller (1906-84), Calories Don't Count; Romanian-born Am. physician claims that polyunsaturated safflower oil is the cure to obesity, bringing the FDA down on him; sells 2M copies despite a conviction for 12 counts of mail fraud on May 11, 1967. A.J.P. Taylor (1906-90), The Origins of the Second World War; attempts to lessen Germany's blame. Hugh Thomas (1931-), The Spanish Civil War. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), Between Oxus and Jumna. Watch Tower Society, New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures; generally accurate but unpoetic and unbeautiful trans.; controversial for being worded to support Jehovah's Witnesses' anti-Trinitarian Arian doctrines and for preserving the name of God (Tetragrammaton) (Jehovah) perhaps a wee bit too much; JWs counter by saying how it grieves them to the heart to see King James Bibles with "Lord" substituted throughout. New York Times, The New York Times Cookbook. Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81), India and the West. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), The Legacy of the Civil War; the Civil War "holds in suspension the great unresolved issues of our society - justice, tolerance, true brotherhood, understanding, and charity"; "The asking and the answering which history provides may help us to understand, even to frame, the logic of experience to which we shall submit. History cannot give us a program for the future, but it can give us a fuller understanding of ourselves, and of our common humanity, so that we can better face the future." Alan W. Watts (1915-73), Psychotherapy East and West; proposes that Buddhism be regarded as a form of psychotherapy. Sidney Weintraub (1914-83), Classical Keynesianism, Monetary Theory, and the Price level (Jan. 1); disses Classical or Hicksian Keynesian for caricaturing true Keynesianism and not making enough use of supply-side aspects of macroeconomics. Emlyn Williams (1905-87), George: An Early Autobiography. Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), The Long Revolution; the growth of the English-speaking world causes its own rev. outside the dem. and industrial revs.? William Appleman Williams (1921-90), The Contours of American History; traces U.S. imperialism to 17th cent. Britain, who used expansion of its empire to contain class and racial tensions at home. Garry Wills (1934-), Chesterton: Man and Mask. C. Vann Woodward (1908-99), The Age of Reinterpretation. Ola Elizabeth Winslow (1885-1977), John Bunyan. Art: Cynthia Bissell, Monster Slayer (Pricking Vagina) - painting of the decade? Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Tribe of Levi; Daphnis and Chloe (lithographs) - one of the last commercial artists left still making halfway classical-looking art, and he's in his 80s? Lucien Coutaud (1904-77), Les Fauchers de Vagues; Les Belles Demoiselles de Mer. M.C. Escher (1898-1972), Waterfall (lithograph). Helen Frankenthaler (1928-), Arden. Richard Lippold (1915-2002), Orpheus and Apollo (sculpture); 190 thin metal planks suspended by steel wires; for Avery Fisher Hall in Lincoln Center. Morris Louis (1912-62), Stripes Series (1961-2). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Vivir Enfrentando las Flechas. Kenneth Noland (1924-2010), Cantabile. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Portrait of Jacqueline; his 2nd wife; Ace. Bridget Riley (1931-), Horizontal Vibration; Kiss; Movements in Squares; makes her a rising British Op Art star. James Rosenquist (1933-), Hey, Let's Go for a Ride. Dieter Roth (1930-98), Daily Mirror; a bunch of old newspapers cut into 2cm squares and rebound as a 150-page book. Mark Rothko (1903-70), Orange, Red, Yellow; sells for $86.9M in 2012. Tom Wesselmann (1931-2004), Great American Nude Series (1961-); all in red-white-blue. Music: Arthur Alexander (1940-93), You Better Move On. The Angels, Till. Paul Anka (1941-), Cinderella; Dance On Little Girl; Story of My Love. Tennessee Stud. Milton Byron Babbitt (1916-). Composition for Synthesizer; uses the RCA Mark II Synthesizer at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center. Joan Baez (1941-), Joan Baez, Vol. 2 (album #2) (Sept.); incl. "Pal of Mine", "The Trees They Do Grow High", "Lily of the West", "Lonesome Road". Henri Barraud (1900-97), Lavinia (opera buffa) (Aix-en-Provence) (July 20); libretto by Felicien Marceau based on his novel "La Maman d'Enee". The Beatles (Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers), My Bonnie (album) (debut) (Jan. 5); released by Polydor; produced by German bandleader Bert Kaempfert (1923-80); incl. My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist Bei Dir Nur) (first single) (Jan. 5); recorded June 22, 1961. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), I'm Talking 'Bout You; Come On. Mike Berry (1942-) and The Outlaws, Will You Love Me Tomorrow (Jan. 1) (debut); Tribute to Buddy Holly (Nov.). Acker Bilk (1929-), Stranger on the Shore; first #1 U.S. hit by an English artist since the advent of the Billboard 100. Gary U.S. Bonds (1939-), Quarter to Three (June) (#1 in the U.S.) (1M copies); School Is Out (#5 in the U.S.), School Is In (#28 in the U.S.); Dear Lady Twist (Dec. 11) (#9 in the U.S.). Pat Boone (1934-), Moody River (album); incl. Big Cold Wind, Moody River (May) (#1 in the U.S.); "Moody River your bloody water took my baby's life". Pierre Boulez (1925-), Domaines (1961-8). Jacques Brel (1929-78), Jacques Brel 5 (album). The Brothers Four, B.M.O.C. (Best Music On/Off Campus) (album #3) (#4 in the U.S.). The Isley Brothers, Twist and Shout. Anita Bryant (1940-), Hear Anita Bryant in Your Home Tonight! (album); incl. Paper Roses (#5 in the U.S.) (her biggest hit), In My Little Corner of the World, God Bless America. Jerry Butler (1939-), Moon River (1961) (#11) (by Johnny Mercer and Henry Mancini) (Andy Williams' version never charts except as an LP track). Mari Castelnuovo-Tedesco (1895-1968), The Importance of Being Earnest (opera). Ray Charles (1930-2004), Genius+Soul=Jazz (album); incl. Hit the Road Jack; I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town; I've Got News For You; One Mint Julep; Them That Got; At the Club. Chubby Checker (1941-), Pony Time; written by Don Covay; #1 in the U.S. for 3 weeks. Patsy Cline (1932-63), I Fall to Pieces; Crazy; composed by Wilie Nelson. Nat King Cole (1919-65), The Nat King Cole Story (triple album); The Touch of Your Lips (album). Judy Collins (1939-), A Maid of Constant Sorrow (album) (debut); features folk sings performed in a social protest style, incl. Maid of Constant Sorrow, Wild Mountain Thyme, Tim Evans (Go Down You Murderers) (by Ewan McColl). John Coltrane (1926-67), My Favorite Things (album); his change from bebop to free jazz; incl. My Favorite Things (from "The Sound of Music" by Richard Rodgers (1902-79) and Oscar Hammerstein II), Summertime. Sam Cooke (1931-64), Cupid (#17 in the U.S.). Henry Dixon Cowell (1897-1965), Music I Heard; based on a Conraid Aiken poem. Betty Curtis (Roberta Corti) (1936-2006), Al di La (It. "Beyond"); performed at the Palais des Festivals in Cannes, becoming a big hit in Italy. Bobby Darin (1936-73), Lazy River (#14 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby (#5 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.); James Darren (1936-), Goodbye, Cruel World (#3 in the U.S.) (1M copies); composed by Noel Regney (1922-2002) and Gloria Shayne Baker (1923-2008). Miles Davis (126-91), Someday My Prince Will Come (album) (Dec. 11); features his wife Frances on the cover. Jimmy Dean (1928-2010), Big Bad John and Other Fabulous Songs and Tales (album) (Sept.); incl. Smoke, Smoke, Smoke That Cigarette ("I smoked them all my life and I ain't dead yet/ But nicotine slaves are all the same/ At a pettin' party or a poker game/ Everything's gotta stop when you have that cigarette"); Big Bad John (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.) (1M copies); written by Jimmy Dean and Roy Acuff; "Every morning at the mine, you could see him arrive. He stood 6 foot 6, weighed 245. Kind of broad at the shoulders, narrow at the hip. And everybody knew you didn't give no lip to Big John"; "Grabbed a sagging timber and gave out with a groan and like a giant oak tree just stood there alone". Joey Dee and the Starliters, Peppermint Twist; #1 in early 1962. Dion (1939-) and the Belmonts, Runaround Sue (#1 in the U.S.) ("Here's my story, sad but true./ It's about a girl that I once knew/ She took my love then ran around/ With every single guy in town"); The Wanderer (#2 in the U.S.) ("Well I'm the type of guy who will never settle down/ Where pretty girls are, well, you know that I'm around/ I kiss 'em and I love 'em cause to me they're all the same/ I hug 'em and I squeeze 'em thay don't even know my name"). Bo Diddley (1928-2008), Bo Diddley is a Lover (Jan. 1). Eric Dolphy (1928-64), At the Five Spot (album #3) (double album). Fats Domino (1928-2017), Ain't That Just Like a Woman; It Keeps Raining; Let the Four Winds Blow; What a Party; I Hear You Knocking. Craig Douglas (1941-), A Hundred Pounds of Clay; banned by the BBC. Joe Dowell (1940-), Wooden Heart (#1 in the U.S.); composed by Bert Kaempfert; takes advantage of the Elvis Presley version being released only in Europe to sell 1M copies. Charlie Drake (1925-2006), My Boomerang Won't Come Back; too bad, he suffers a serious skull fracture on his BBC TV show after a breakaway bookcase is mended by a workman and they throw him through it anyway, knocking him out, after which they throw him through a window, derailing his career for two years. Duane Eddy (1938-) and The Rebels, $1,000,000 Worth of Twang, Vol. II (album #5) (#18 in the U.K.); incl. Pepe (#18 in the U.S.) (#2 in the U.K.), Theme from Dixie (#39 in the U.S.) (#7 in the U.K.), Drivin' Home (#87 in the U.S.) (#30 in the U.K.), Gidget Goes Hawaiian (#101 in the U.S.); Ring of Fire (#84 in the U.S.) (#17 in the U.K.). Bill Evans (1929-80), Explorations (album #5); Sunday at the Village Vanguard (album #6) (Oct.); recorded on June 25, 1961 with bassist Rocco Scott LaFaro (1936-61) (who dies in a car accident on July 6, 10 days after the recording session while returning from the Newport Jazz Festival) and drummer Stephen Paul Motian (1931-2011), becoming one of the best live jazz albums of all time; incl. Solar (by Miles Davis), Gloria's Step (by Scott LaFaro), All of You (by Cole Porter). Adam Faith (1940-2003) and John Barry (1933-2011), Beat Girl Soundtrack (album). Adam Faith (1940-2003) and the Roulettes, Who Am I! (#5 in the U.K.); Easy Going Me (#12 in the U.K.); Don't You Know It (#12 in the U.K.); The Time Has Come (#4 in the U.K.). Earl Scruggs (1924-2012) and Lester Flatt (1914-79) and the Foggy Mountain Boys, Foggy Mountain Banjo; incl. Cripple Creek. Stan Freberg (1926-), Stan Freberg Presents the United States of America, Volume One: The Early Years (album); vol. 2 is released in 1996. Jimmy Gilmer (1940-) and The Fireballs, Quite A Party (#29 in the U.K.). Clinton Ford (1931-), Too Many Beautiful Girls. Connie Francis (1938-), Never on Sunday; Where the Boys Are; "Where the boys are someone waits for me". Judy Garland (1922-69), Judy at Carnegie Hall (double album) (July 10); recorded Apr. 23, 1961, "the greatest night in show business history". Marvin Gaye (1939-84), The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye (album) (debut) (June 8); 2nd LP released by Motown Records after "Hi... We're the Miracles" (June); too bad, it's mostly jazz not R&B, and flops; incl. Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide, Never Let You Go, You Don't Know What Love Is. Bob Gibson (1931-96), Gibson & Camp at the Gate of Horn (album). Ferde Grofe (1892-1972), The Niagara Falls Suite. Alexei Haieff (1914-94), Symphony No. 3 (New Haven) (Apr. 11). George Hamilton IV (1937-), Before This Day Ends. Hans Werner Henze (1926-), Elegy for Young Lovers (opera) (Schwetzingen) (May 20); incl. Carolina's Monologue. The Highwaymen, Michael (Row the Boat Ashore) (#1 in the U.S and U.K.) (1M copies); "collegiate folk music" from Wesleyan U. in Middletown, Conn., incl. Dave Fisher (1940-2010), Bob Burnett (1940-2011), Steve Butts, Chan Daniels (1939-75), and Stephen S. "Steve" Trott (1939-). Billie Holiday (1915-59), The Essential Billie Holiday (album) (posth.); her last concerts on Nov. 10, 1956 at Carnegie Hall, Johnny Horton (1925-60), Sleepy-Eyed John (posth.). (#9 country). Frank Ifield (1937-), I Remember You; sells 1M in the U.K. Wanda Jackson (1937-), In the Middle of a Heartache (#27 in the U.S.); Right or Wrong (#29 in the U.S.); A Little Bitty Tear (#84 in the U.S.). Etta James (1938-2012), The Second Time Around (album #3); incl. At Last (#47 in the U.S.) (#2 R&B), Trust in Me (#30), All I Could Do Was Cry (#33), My Dearest Darling (#34), If I Can't Have You (w/Harvey Fuqua) (#52), Spoonful (w/Harvey Fuqua) (#78). Norman Dello Joio (1898-2003), Blood Moon (opera) (San Francisco). Andre Jolivet (1905-74), Sonata for Flute and Piano; Symphony for Strings. Kitty Kallen (1922-), Raining in My Heart. Eden Kane (1941-), Well I Ask You (debut); Get Lost ("Get lost, but get lost in my arms"). Ben E. King (1938-), Stand By Me (#1 in the U.K.). Freddie King (1934-76), Freddy King Sings Federal 762 (album) (debut); Let's Hide Away and Dance Away with Freddy King (album); incl. Hide Away. The Kingston Trio, Where Have All the Flowers Gone; big hit; they release it thinking it's an anon. folk song. Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, Every Beat of My Heart (#6 in the U.S.). Brenda Lee (1944-), All the Way (album); incl. All the Way, Dum Dum; Brenda, That's All (album); incl. Fool #1 (#3 in the U.S., #38 in the U.K.); Speak to Me Pretty. The Limeliters, A Dollar Down (1961) (#60 in the U.S.); Tonight: In Person (album) (#5 in the U.S.); from New York City, incl. Lou Gottlieb (1923-96) (bass violin) (doctorate in musicology), Alex Hassilev (1932-) (banjo), and Glenn Yarbrough (1930-) (guitar); named after a nightclub in Aspen, Colo. Abbey Lincoln (1930-2010), Straight Ahead (album #5); incl. Straight Ahead (co-written by Earl Baker and Max Waldron). Abbey Lincoln (1930-2010) and Max Roach (1924-2007), It's Time (album); incl. It's Time. Joe Loss Orchestra, Wheels Cha Cha. Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms, Son-in-Law; Hard to Get. Henry Mancini (1924-94), Breakfast at Tiffany's Soundtrack (album). Annunzio Mantovani (1905-80) and His Orchestra, Mantovani Plays Music from Exodus and Other Great Themes (album) (#2 in the U.S.) (1M copies). The Marvelettes, Please Mr. Postman (album) (debut); incl. Please Mr. Postman; first #1 pop hit for Motown Records; from Inkster, Mich., incl. Gladys Horton (1945-), Katherine Anderson Schaffner (1944-), Wanda Rogers (1944-), Anne Bogan, Georgeanna Marie Tillman Gordon (1943-80), Wyanetta (Juanita) Cowart, Georgia Dobbins. Johnny Mathis (1935-), Moon River (by Johnny Mercer and Henry Mancini). Gene McDaniels (1935-), Sometimes I'm Happy, Sometimes I'm Blue (album #2); incl. Tower of Strength, A Hundred Pounds of Clay (album #3); incl. A Hundred Pounds of Clay, It's All in the Game. The Miracles, Hi... We're the Miracles (album) (debut) (June); 1st album released by Motown Records; incl. Shop Around; Cookin' with the Miracles (album #2) (Nov.); incl. Everybody's Gotta Pay Some Dues. Thelonious Monk (1917-82), Monk in France (album #14); recorded on Apr. 18. Matt Monro (1930-85), My Kind of Girl. Bob Moore (1932-), Mexico (#7 in the U.S.) (1M copies). Douglas Moore (1893-1969), The Wings of the Dove (opera). Ricky Nelson (1940-85), Travelin' Man (by Jerry Fuller) (6M copies); claims to have girls in Alaska, Berlin, Mexico, China, and Polynesia; Hello Mary Lou; written by Gene Pitney (1940-2006). Sandy Nelson (1938-), Let There Be Drums (#7 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.). Anthony Newley (1931-99), Tony (album); incl. And the Heavens Cried; What Kind of Fool Am I. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Intoleranza (opera) (Venice) (Apr. 13); calls it a "stage action"; anti-fascist opera causes a riot by neo-Nazis at its debut; written for soprano Catherine Grayer. Roy Orbison (1936-88), Running Scared (Mar.) (#1 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.); Crying/ Candy Man (July) (#2 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.). Tony Orlando (1944-), Bless You (album) (debut); incl. Halfway to Paradise; Bless You; Happy Times (Are Here to Stay). Walter Piston (1894-1976), Symphony No. 7 (Pulitzer Prize). The Platters, If I Didn't Care (Jan.); Trees (Apr.); I'll Never Smile Again (July). Elvis Presley (1935-77), Surrender/ Lonely Man (Feb.); Elvis By Request - Flaming Star (Apr.) (first Elvis film without a full soundtrack album); I Feel So Bad/ Wild in the Country (May); Something for Everybody (album) (June); (Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame/ Little Sister (Aug.); Blue Hawaii (album) (Oct.); incl. Blue Hawaii, Hawaiian Wedding Song, Can't Help Falling in Love, Rock-A-Hula Baby. The Ramrods, Ghost Riders in the Sky (#30 in the U.S.) (#8 in the U.K.); from Conn., incl. Claire Lane (Litke) and Rich Litke, Vinny Lee (guitar), Gene Moore (guitar). Jim Reeves (1923-64), Losing Your Love (#2 country) (#89 in the U.S.). Paul Revere and The Raiders, Like, Long Hair (album) (debut); incl. Like, Long Hair; bakery employee Mark Lindsay (1942-) sells hamburger buns to restaurant owner Paul Revere Dick (1938-2014) in Caldwell, Idaho, and the rest is history? Marty Robbins (1925-82), Don't Worry (#1 country) (#3 in the U.S.); It's Your World (#3 country) (#51 in the U.S.). Uno Sguardo Dal Ponte (opera); based on Arthur Miller's play "A View from the Bridge". Bobby Rydell (1942-), Cherie; That Old Black Magic; The Fish; I Wanna Thank You; Jingle Bell Rock. Scorpions, (Ghost) Riders in the Sky. Neil Sedaka (1939-), This Endless Night. The Shadows, Rollers Express; The Savage. Del Shannon (1934-90), Runaway (debut) (Mar.) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); from Grand Rapids, Mich. introduces the Musitron electric synthesizer; Hats Off to Larry (June) (#5 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.). The Shirelles, Mama Said. Ray Stevens (1939-), 1,837 Seconds of Humor (album) (debut); incl. Jeremiah Peabody's Polyunsaturated Quick-Dissolving Fast-Acting Pleasant-Tasting Green and Purple Pills, Ahab the Arab. B. Bumble and the Stingers, Bumble Boogie; Kim Fowley (1939-). Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971), A Sermon, a Narrative, and a Prayer - he's still around? Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), Magnificat; Nunc Dimittis Collegium Sancti Johannis Cantabrigiense; commissioned by George Guest for St. John's College, Cambridge U. The Tokens, Tonight I Fell in Love (#15 in the U.S.); Wimoweh; The Lion Sleeps Tonight; from Brooklyn, N.Y., incl. Neil Sedaka (1939-) (quit in 1957), Hank Medress (1938-2007), Cynthia Zolotin (quit in 1957), Jay Siegel, Mitch Margo (tenor), Phil Margo (baritone), and Joe Venneri (guitar); cover of 1952 song "Wimoweh" by The Weavers, which is a cover the 1939 song "Mbube" by Solomon Linda and the Evening Birds. Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner (1939-), The Sound of Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner. Various Artists, West Side Story Soundtrack (album); incl. Maria, Tonight. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Tower of Strength; Don't Stop Twist. Billy Vaughn (1919-91) and His Orchestra, Wheels (#28 in the U.S.). Bobby Vee (1943-), Take Good Care of My Baby (June); #1 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); Devil or Angel (#6 in the U.S.); Rubber Ball (#6 in the U.S.); More Than I Can Say (#4 in the U.S.); Run to Him (#2 in the U.S.). The Ventures, The Ventures (album) (July); Another Smash!!! (album) (Sept.); The Colorful Ventures (album) (Oct.); all tracks have titles with a color in the name, incl. "Blue Moon", "Yellow Jacket". Robert Eugene Ward (1917-), The Crucible (opera) (Oct. 26) (City Opera, New York) (Pulitzer Prize); based on the Arthur Miller Play. Kitty Wells (1919-2012), Heartbreak U.S.A. (#1 country). Mary Wells (1943-92), Bye Bye Baby/ I Don't Want to Take a Chance (album); first Motown LP?; incl. Bye Bye Baby, I Don't Want to Take a Chance. Jackie Wilson (1934-84), The Tear of the Year; I"m Comin' on Back to You. Si Zentner (1917-2000) and the Johnny Mann Singers, Great Band with Great Voices (album). Movies: Robert Stevenson's The Absent-Minded Professor (Mar. 16) (Walt Disney) (B&W), based on a story by Samuel Woolley Taylor and Princeton U. chem. prof. Hubert "Dr. Boom" Alyea stars Fred MacMurray as Prof. Ned Brainard, who invents a gravity-defying goo called Flubber (flying rubber), makes a flying car, and turns white men into black, er, great jumping basketball players; Tommy Kirk plays Biff Hawk; does $25.4M box office; followed by "Son of Flubber" (1963), "Flubber" (1997); gives birth to a neverending retro dream for white Baby Boomers? Pier Paolo Pasolini's Accatone (Apr. 4) is the dir. debut of Italian dir.-writer Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922-75), starring Franco Citti as Roman pimp Vittorio "Accattone" Cataldi, whose money honey Maddalena (Silvana Corsini) is jailed, causing his income to dry up, after which he seduces Stella (Franca Pasut) and turns her into his ho, then falls in love with her and decides to go straight and support her, leading to tragedy, since he's totally unemployable; sets the kinky sex and violence theme for Pasolini. Federico Caldura's The Adventure of Topo Gigio the Italian Mouse stars the puppet made famous on The Ed Sullivan Show, patented by Maria Perego Caldura of Milan, which requires three people to operate. Boris Petroff's Anatomy of a Psycho, written by Jane Mann and Ed Wood (under the alias Larry Lee) stars George Burns' son Ronnie Burns as Chet, a teenie who goes psycho. Richard O. Fleischer's Barabbas (Dec. 23), written by Christopher Fry and Nigel Balchin based on the Par Lagerkvist novel stars Anthony Quinn, who gets freaked about being let off the cross in the place of Jesus Christ. Coleman Francis' The Beast of Yucca Flats (Mar. 2) (B&W) stars Swedish wrestler Tor Johnson as defecting Russian scientist Joseph Javorsky, who tries to give military secrets to the U.S. and is chased by KGB agents into the desert, where he is caught in an A-bomb explosion at a test range and turns into a killer monster; worse sci-fi horror film ever made? Norman Taurog's musical comedy film Blue Hawaii (Nov. 22) (Paramount Pictures), written by Hal Kanter stars Elvis Presley in his biggest hit movie ($4.2M box office) as ex-GI Chadwick Gates (a stretch?), who disobeys his mother Sarah Lee (Angela Lansbury) to work as a tour guide at the agency of his babe Maile Duval (Joan Blackman); features "Hawaiian Wedding Song" and "Can't Help Falling in Love", plus such jewels as "Song of the Shrimp", "Queenie Wahine's Papaya", and "Do the Clam". Blake Edwards' Breakfast at Tiffany's (Oct. 5) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1958 Truman Capote novel stars introverted doll-like Audrey Hepburn (after Marilyn Monroe turns down the part) as extroverted poverty-stricken Tiffany's window-viewing socialite Holly Golightly, and pretty boy George Peppard as neighbor writer Paul "Fred" Varjak; does $14M box office on a $2.5M budget; features Hepburn singing Moon River by Henry Mancini, which wins the best song Oscar - would have been better in another film? John Sturges' By Love Possessed (July 19), based on the 1957 novel by James Gould Cozzens stars Lana Turner, Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Jason Robards, and George Hamilton; on July 19 it becomes the first in-flight movie shown on a regular airline flight (TWA). Nagisa Oshima's The Catch, based on a novel by Kenzaburo Oe is about a WWII Japanese village that captures an African-Am. serviceman. William Wyler's The Children's Hour (Dec. 19), based on the 1934 Lillian Hellman play stars Audrey Hepburn and Shirley MacLaine as former college classmates who are accused of a lezzie affair, and James Garner as Karen's clueless beau. Robert Mulligan's Come September (Aug. 9) stars Rock Hudson, Gina Lollobrigida, Sandra Dee. and Bobby Darin in a romantic comedy about the generation gap; Dee and Darin meet and get married on the set; Bobby Darin sings Multiplication ("Multiplication, that's the game, and each generation plays the same") (if only he knew about Rock sucking Hudson?) and The Come September Theme. Shirley Clarke's The Connection is a performance by the Living Theatre of Jack Gelber's play about heroin addicts. Roger Corman's Creature from the Haunted Sea (June) (Filmgroup) is a horror comedy starring Antony Carbone as Am. racketeer Renzo Capetto, who helps a group of Cuban loyalists led by Gen. Tostada (Edmundo Rivera Alvarez) escape the Cuban Rev. with Cuba's nat. treasury for use in a counterrev., causing U.S. spy Agent XK150 (Robert Towne) (the narrator) to infiltrate them under the name Sparks Moran, almost pulling it off until a ridiculous fuzzy sea monster upsets their plans; Betsy Jones-Moreland plays Capetto's blonde babe Mary-Belle Monahan. Val Guest's The Day the Earth Caught Fire (Nov. 23) (British Lion Films) (Universal-International) stars Edward Judd, Leo McKern, and Janet Munro in an apocalyptic film about U.S.-Soviet nuclear weapons tests knocking the Earth out of orbit, causing it to move closer to the Sun. Sam Peckinpah's Deadly Companions (June 6) is the feature film debut of dir. David Samuel "Sam" Peckinpah (1925-84) is a Western based on the Albert Sidney Fleischman novel, starring Brian Keith as ex-army officer Yellowleg, who accidentally kills the son of Kat Tilden (Maureen O'Hara), and redeems himself by escorting the funeral procession through Injun territory; shows Peckinpah's knack for screen violence. Pietro Germi's Divorce, Italian Style (Dec. 20) is a comedy starring Marcello Mastroianni as Sicilian baron Ferdinando Cefalu, who falls in love with his beautiful young cousin Angela (Stefania Sandrelli), and decides to do in his wife Rosalia (Daniela Rocca) by framing her for infidelity and relying on the lenient Italian law of honor killing, hooking her up with painter Carmelo Patane (Leopoldo Trieste). Henry Koster's Flower Drum Song (Nov. 9), based on a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, based on a novel by C.Y. Lee stars Nancy Kwan, Jack Soo, James Shigeta and Miyoshi Umeki in musical numbers incl. "Fan Tan Fanny" and "Chop Suey". Valerio Zurlini's Girl with a Suitcase (Feb. 9) (La Razazza con la Valigia) stars Claudia Cardinale as showgirl Aida Zepponi, who lives on the goodwill of others, and runs to the younger brother of her ex-lover, 16-y.-o. rich kid Lorenzo Fainardi (Jacques Perrin), becoming his lover while the family goes nuts, finally parting with a new lover, after which he tries to make things right by giving her some farewell money. J. Lee Thompson's The Guns of Navarone (June 22) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1957 Alistair MacLean novel and filmed on Rhodes stars Gregory Peck as Capt. Keith Mallory, head of a British team incl. Cpl. Anthony Miller (David Niven), Maj. Roy Franklin (Anthony Quayle), and Pvt. Butcher Brown ("Butcher of Barcelona") (Stanley Baker), who are sent to destroy an impregnable German gun overlooking the Aegean Sea with the help of Greek partisans incl. Col. Andrea Stavrou (Anthony Quinn), and Pvt. Spyros Pappadimos (James Darren); up-and-coming he-can-sing-too actor Richard Harris (1930-2002) gets a memorable bit part as squadron leader Howard Barnsby of the RAAF, who reports that the "bloody guns" can't be blown up from the air; does $28.9M box office on a $6M budget. Jonas Mekas' Guns of the Trees, narrated by Allen Ginsberg is about a group of mourners for the dead brunette Frances, who get into leftist politics. Don Siegel's Hell is for Heroes stars Steve McQueen as Pvt. Reese, Bobby Darin as Pvt. Corby (who sells fountain pens for $7.50, $8.50 with ink), Fess Parker as Sgt. Pike, Harry Guardino as Sgt. Larkin, James Coburn as Cpl. Henshaw, Mike Kellin as Pvt. Kolinsky, and Nick Adams as Pvt. Homer, members of an outnumbered U.S. platoon facing the Nazi Siegfried Line near Montigny, France in fall 1944 and trying to fool them into believing their numbers are greater than they actually are while awaiting reinforcements; film debut of Bob Newhart as Lt. Driscoll, who does his first telephone comedy monologue ("Temple Red to Abel Six... This is Lt. Driscoll, the entertainment officer... The main complaint seems to be about the evening movie. I've had to show Road to Morocco now five evenings in a row, sir... The cook is working out rather well sir. One problem, sir, his vichyssoise tastes a little too much like potato soup - oh, they're supposed to taste like potato soup"). Robert Rossen's The Hustler (Sept. 25), based on the 1959 novel by Walter Tevis based on the life of pool shark "Fast" Eddie Parker (1931-2001) stars Paul Newman as Fast Eddie Felson, and Jackie Gleason as Minnesota Fats in a taste of what it takes to be a top green baize master pool shark; real pool hustler Rudolf Wanderone (Wanderon) Jr. (1913-96) claims the film is based on him, and adopts the nickname; sequel is "The Color of Money" (1986). Jack Clayton's The Innocents (Nov.), based on Henry James' novel "The Turn of the Screw" about a haunted house stars Deborah Kerr as Miss Giddens, Peter Wyngarde as Peter Quint, Megs Jenkins as Mrs. Grose, and Michael Redgrave as the uncle. Koji Ota's Invasion of the Neptune Men (Iron Sharp) (B&W) stars Sonny Chiba as superhero Iron Sharp (Space Chief). Stanley Kramer's Judgment at Nuremberg (Dec. 14 in Berlin, Dec. 19 in the U.S.) stars Spencer Tracy as chief justice Dan Haywood, Richard Widmark as the prosecutor Col. Tad Lawson, Maximilian Schell as defense atty. Hans Rolfe, Burt Lancaster as accused Nazi Dr. Ernst Janning, Judy Garland as his suspected lover Irene Hoffman, Marlene Dietrich as German woman Mrs. Bertholt, and Montgomery Clift as Rudolph Petersen (his last Oscar nomination); "Over six million, according to reports from the Nazis' own figures, but the real figures nobody knows" (Widmark). Vladimir Pogacic's Karolina Rijecka stars Anne Aubrey as Karolina. Alain Resnais' Last Year at Marienbad (L'Anee Derniere a Marienbad), written by Alain Robbe-Grillet stars Giorgi Albertazzi as a stranger trying to lure married Delphine Seyrig to run away with him at an old-fashioned luxury hotel. Jacques Demy's Lola (Mar. 3) is a "musical without music" starring Anouk Aimee as a cabaret dancer; the dir. debut of Jacques Demy (1931-90); first in a trilogy of romantic films, incl. "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" (1964), "The Young Girls of Rochefort" (1967). John Huston's The Misfits (Feb. 1) (Seven Arts Productions), written by Arthur Miller for his wife Marilyn Monroe debuts on the birthday of dead star Clark Gable (as Gay Langland), who woos Marilyn Monroe (as Roslyn Taber) and tries to catch wild mustangs near Reno along with rodeo rider Montgomery Clift (as Perce Howland) while she pussy-whips them into letting them go so they won't end up as dog food; Eli Wallach plays Guido, and Thelma Ritter plays Isabelle Steers: Gable wears a snap-style Western shirt manufactured in Denver, Colo. by Rockmount Ranch Wear, founded by future centenarian Jack A. Weil (1901-2008), which has been marketing them since the 1950s; they are later worn by Elvis, Bob Dylan, Ronald Reagan, Nicolas Cage et al.; Monroe's drug and pill habit and cheating ways finally cause Miller to divorce her after the filming, and marry Austrian-born photographer Inge Morath (1923-2002) on Feb. 17, 1962. Michael Anderson's The Naked Edge (May) is the last film of Gary Cooper; "Only the man who wrote Psycho could jolt you like this!" Marlon Brando's One-Eyed Jacks (Mar. 30) (Paramount Pictures), written by Sam Peckinpah et al. loosely based on "The Authentic Death of Hendry Jones" by Charles Neider (1956), set in 1880s Sonora, Mexico and Monterrey, Calif. stars Brando (in his dir. debut) and Karl Malden as gringo bank robbers Rio and Daddy Longworth, who fall out after mentor Longworth leaves him in the lurch to steal two sacks of gold, allowing Rio to be captured by the Rurales and suffer five years in the stinkin' pen, after which he escapes to track him down, finding out he went straight and became a sheriff using the loot, resulting in a deadly cat-and-mouse game; meanwhile Rio falls in love with Longworth's stepdaughter Louisa (Pina Pellicer), complicating things; also stars Ben Johnson as Rio's crooked new partner Bob Emory, and Slim Pickens as weasly deputy sheriff Lon Dedrick, who has the hots for Louisa; Katy Jurado plays Maria "Mother" Longworth, and Larry Duran plays Rio's partner Chico Modesto; the way this Western turns a lying, back-shooting, bank-robbing villain into a killer hero is later copied by Sergio Leone et al.; Brando fired original dir. Stanley Kubrick; "You're a one-eyed jack around here, Dad, I seen the other side of your face" (Rio); does $4.3M box office on a $6M budget. Clyde Geronimi's and Hamilton Luske's and Wolfgang Reitherman's animated One Hundred and One Dalmatians (Jan. 25) (Walt Disney Productions), based on the 1956 Dodie Smith novel is about a litter of Dalmatian puppies who are abducted by Cruella De Vil (voiced by Betty Lou Gerson) to make them into fur; #10 grossing film of 1961 ($303M box office on a $3.6M budget); the live-action version "101 Dalmations" is released in 1996, starring Glenn Close as Cruella. Martin Ritt's Paris Blues (Sept. 27) (United Artists), based on the 1957 novel by Harold Flender stars Paul Newman as jazz trombonist Ram Bowen, and Sidney Poitier as jazz saxophonist Eddie Cook, who romance vacationing Am. tourists Connie Lampson (Diahann Carroll) and Lillian Corning (Joanne Woodward); features appearances by Louis Armstrong (as Wild Man Moore) and jazz pianist Aaron Bridgers. William Marshall's The Phantom Planet (Dec. 13) (B&W) stars Dean Fredericks as Capt. Frank Chapman, and Richard Weber as Lt. Ray Makonnen, who rescue a Pegasus spacecraft that disappears en route from the Moon to Mars, and end up on an asteroid filled with Lilliputian aliens. Roger Corman's The Pit and the Pendulum (Aug. 12) (Am. Internat. Pictures), based on the 1842 Edgar Allan Poe story set in 16th cent. Spain, stars Vincent Price as Sebastian Medina, who is visited by his brother-in-law Nicholas to investigate his sister's mysterious death, and ends up strapped in amid maniacal laughs; does $2M U.S. box office on a $300K budget, becoming Am. Internat. Pictures' biggest hit. Frank Capra's Pocketful of Miracles (Dec. 19) (Capra's last film) is a remake of his 1933 "Lady for a Day", starring Bette Davis as Apple Annie, and Glenn Ford as her Henry Higgins, Dave "the Dude" Conway; film debut of Ann-Margret (Olsson) (1941-) as Louise. Poul Bang's Reptilicus (Feb. 25) is about a giant dragon dug up by Danish miners in Lapland that can regenerate itself from a tail section; a U.S. version dir. by Sidney W. Pink is released in 1962. Jose Ferrer's Return to Peyton Place (May 5), based on the 1959 Grace Metalious novel stars Carol Lynley as Allison Mackenzie, who writes a shocking novel about you know what, shaking up the town and her family; music by Franz Waxman. Irving Brecher's Sail a Crooked Ship (Dec.), based on the 1960 Nathaniel Benchley novel stars Robert Wagner as Gilbert Barrows, who disobeys orders to scrap a WWII Liberty ship, letting it fall into the hands of bank robbers George M. Wilson (Frank Gorshin) and Bugsy G. Fogelmeyer (Ernie Kovacs); Dolores Hart plays Wagner's babe Elinor Harrison. Edward D. Wood Jr.'s The Sinister Urge (Dec. 8) is about police breaking up an underground porno ring, which is blamed for impulsive murders. Elia Kazan's Splendor in the Grass (Oct. 10) (Warner Bros.), written by William Inge (who has a bit part as a Protestant minister, becoming his screen debut); title taken from William Wordsworth's 1807 "Ode: Intimations of Immortality"; the film debut of Warren Beatty (Henry Warren Beaty) (1937) (brother of Shirley MacLaine), who co-stars with Natalie Wood as a 1928 Kansas town's two most good-looking teenie lovers Bud Stamper and Deanie Loomis, who resist their sexual desires until he goes to Yale U. and has sex with some girl, causing Deanie to go insane; film debuts of Sandy Dennis, Marla Adams, and Phyllis Diller; does $4M box office on a ? budget; "Whether you live in a small town the way they do, or in a city, maybe this is happening to you right now. Maybe, if you're older, you remember when suddenly the kissing isn't a kid's game any more, suddenly it's wide-eyed scary and dangerous." Tony Richardson's A Taste of Honey (Sept. 15) (Woodfall Film Productions) (British Lion Films), based on the 1959 play by Shelagh Delaney stars what-a-name Rita Tushingham (1942-) as white working class girl Jo, whose slutty alcoholic mother Helen (Dora Bryan) kicks her out, after which she falls in instant love with black sailor Peter Smith (Robert Stephens), gets pregnant, and turns to white homo Geoffrey (Murray Melvin) (who moves in with her, but of course doesn't want her tushy, not because, er, forget it?) for help in becoming a woman; makes a star out of Tushingham, who becomes the icon for white women who like black men; inspires the Beatles' song "Your Mother Should Know" - milk, honey, and chocolate on my hammy tushy? Vittorio De Sica's Two Women (La Ciociara) makes an actress of Sophia Loren, and earns her an Oscar; the first of eight films she does with De Sica. Basil Dearden's B&W Victim (Aug. 31) (Allied Film Makers) (Rank Org.) stars Dirk Bogarde as London barrister Melville Farr, who has a gay affair with young working class stud Boy Barrett (Peter McEnery), who is blackmailed and commits suicide, causing Farr to decide to go public and get them caught; meanwhile Farr's wife Laura Farr (Sylvia Syms) tries to understand; it becomes the first English language film to use the word "homosexual", pissing-off the British Board of Film Censors and the Motion Picture Assoc. of Am. (MPAA), which refuse to grant it their seals of approval. Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (July 12) stars Walter Pidgeon as Adm. Harriman Nelson, designer of the U.S. submarine Seaview, Robert Sterling as Capt. Lee Crane, and Joan Fontaine as pshrink Dr. Susan Hiller; Frankie Avalon appears and sings the theme song Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea; turned into a 1964 ABC-TV show. Robert Wise's and Jerome Robbins' West Side Story (Oct. 18) (United Artists) is a musical based on Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" about the Jets and the Sharks, New York City street gangs who like to break into song and dance; features the love story between Maria (Natalie Wood) (voice by Marni Nixon) and Tony, inactive co-founder of the Jets, who works at Doc's drugstore, played by Richard Beymer (voice by Jimmy Bryant) (after Elvis Presley turns down the part and Tab Hunter, Troy Donahue, Bobby Darin et al. are rejected); also stars Russ Tamblyn as Jets leader Riff, George Chakiris as Sharks leader Bernardo, Maria's older brother, Rita Moreno as Bernardo's girl Anita, Simon Oakland as Police Lt. Schrank, Ned Glass as drugstore owner Doc, and William Bramley as Officer Krupke; the Emeralds lose their turf to the Jets, and the Hawks fail to grab it, leaving the Sharks; does $43.7M box office on a $6M budget; incl. the songs Maria, America, Tonight, One Hand, One Heart, Officer Krupke, Somewhere, Tonight, A Boy Like That, I Feel Pretty, Cool. Akira Kurosawa's Yojimbo (Apr. 25) is Kurosawa's first full-length comedy, starring Toshiro Mifune as an unemployed samurai who comes to a town and plays the two warring factions off against each other; Sergio Leone later uses it as the basis of "A Fistful of Dollars" (1964), causing Kurosawa to sue him, until it is revealed that he took the story from Dashiell Hammet's novel "Red Harvest". Plays: Marcel Achard (1899-1974) and Harry Kurnitz (1908-68), A Shot in the Dark (Booth Theatre, New York) (Oct. 18) (389 perf.); adapted from Achard's 1961 play "L'Idiote"; stars Julie Harris, Walter Matthau, and William Shatner; adapted for the 1963 Blake Edwards film "The Pink Panther". Edward Albee (1928-2016), An American Dream (1-act play); Mommy and Daddy kill their son for failing to meet expectations. Jean Anouilh (1910-87), La Grotte (The Cavern). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Happy Days (Oh les Beaux Jours) (Cherry Lane Theater, New York) (Sept. 17); title taken from Paul Verlaine's poem "Colloque Sentimental"; Rough for Radio I/II (radio play); Words and Music (radio play). Abe Burrows (1910-85), Willie Gilbert (1916-80), Frank Loesser (1910-69), and Jack Weinstock (-1969), How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying Oct. 14) (46h Street Theatre, New York) (Oct. 14) (1,417 perf.) (Pulitzer Prize); based on the 1952 book by Shepherd Mead (1914-94); J. Pierrepont Finch (Robert Morse) climbs from window washer to mail room to chmn. of World Wide Wickets in one week, vying with pres. J.W. Biggley (Rudy Vallee). Emilio Carballido (1925-2008), A Short Day's Anger (Un Pequeno Dia de Ira). Paddy Chayefsky (1923-81), Gideon (236 perf.); Biblical judge Gideon debates Jehovah on theological issues. Ossie Davis (1917-2005), Purlie Victorious; a flamboyant self-ordained minister returns to his Ga. hometown and tries to integrate a black church. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), The Ginger Man; based on his 1955 novel; A Fairy Tale of New York. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Bad Soldier Smith. Dario Fo (1926-), He Who Steals a Foot is Lucky in Love; Isabella, Three Tall Ships, and a Con Man. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), The Widow (first play). Max Frisch (1911-91), Andorra. Christopher Fry (1907-2005), Curtmantle. Athol Fugard (1932-), Blood Knot; two brothers, one light-skinned (Morris) and one dark-skinned (Zachariah) live in a shack in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Langston Hughes (1902-67), Black Nativity (New York) (Dec. 11); original title "Wasn't It a Mighty Day?"; the Nativity story with an entirely black cast of 160 singers, plus a narrator and a mute Mary and Joseph; pioneers the urban contemporary gospel musical play style. Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), A Stroll in the Air (Le Pieton de l'Air). Molly Keane (1905-96), Dazzling Prospect. Jean Kerr (1922-2003), Mary, Mary (New York) (1,572 perf.); comedy about a divorced couple with witty dialogue. John Osborne (1929-94), Plays for England: The Blood of the Bambergs, Under Plain Cover. Robert Pinget (1919-97), Clope au Dossier; Ici ou Ailleurs; Architruc. Harold Pinter (1930-2008), The Collection; Harry and Bill get a phone call from James, whose wife Stella had a 1-nighter with Bill. Helmut Qualtinger (1928-86) and Carl Merz, Der Herr Karl; farce about a grocery store clerk who tells his life story to an imaginary friend, incl. Austrian collaboration with the Nazis, which pisses-off many Austrians. Dieter Roth (1930-98), Literature Sausage; Martin Walser's "Halftime" chopped and pressed into a sausage shape - back achya, sausage-stuffer? Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Les Violons Parfois. Robert Cedric Sherriff (1896-1975), A Shred of Evidence. Neil Simon (1927-2018), Come Blow Your Horn (Brooks Atkinson Theater, New York) (Feb. 22) (678 perf.); his first Broadway hit, about a Jewish businessman (Lou Jacobi), whose his rebellious son Buddy (Warren Berlinger) decides to leave the nest to live in the bachelor pad of his older brother Alan (Hal March), starting his string of hits that make him #1, with the most Oscar and Tony nominations of all time; dir. by Stanley Prager; filmed in 1963 starring Frank Sinatra as Alan and Tony Bill as Buddy. Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), Big Fish, Little Fish; Look, We've Come Through. John Whiting (1917-63), The Devils (Aldwych Theatre, London) (Feb.); based on Aldous Huxley's 1952 nonfiction book "The Devils of Loudun". Tennessee Williams (1911-83), The Night of the Iguana (Royale Theatre, New York City) (Dec. 28) (316 perf.); stars Patrick O'Neal as defrocked priest T. Lawrence Shannon (based on New York City Clement's Episcopal Church Rev. Sidney Lanier), Bette Davis/Shelley Winters as Maxine, and Margaret Leighton as Hannah; set in a coastal Mexican hotel in the early 1940s; filmed in 1964 starring Richard Burton as Shannon. Poetry: Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note (debut) (June 1); incl. Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Collected Poems in English; French poems pub. in 1977. Paul Blackburn (1926-71), The Nets. Aime Cesaire (1913-2008), Cadastre. Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), The Spice-Box of Earth. Edward Dorn (1929-99), The Newly Fallen (debut). Alan Dugan (1923-2003), Poems (debut) (Pulitzer Prize). Gunnar Ekelof (1907-68), A Night in Otocac. George Garrett (1929-2008), Abraham's Knife and Other Poems. Allen Ginsberg (1926-97), Kaddish and Other Poems, 1958-1960; about his dead mother; written on amphetamines; Empty Mirror: Early Poems. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), More Poems 1961. Thom Gunn (1929-2004), My Sad Captains and Other Poems. Hermann Hesse (1877-1962), Stufen; "It even may be that the last hours/ Will make us once again a youthful lover/ The call of life to us forever flowers". Dorothy Hewett (1923-2002) and Merv Lilley, What About the People! John Hollander (1929-), A Crackling of Thorns. John Hollander (1929-) and Harold Bloom (1930-2019) (eds.), The Wind and the Rain. Langston Hughes (1902-67), Ask Your Momma: 12 Moods for Jazz; inspired by the white youth riot at the 1960 Newport Jazz Festival; his masterpiece? Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), The Summer Anniversaries. Carolyn Kizer (1925-), The Ungrateful Garden (debut); incl. The Great Blue Heron. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), Halfway (debut); incl. One Dead Friend, 400-Meter Free Style. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Swinging Flesh; celebrates sexual love. Denise Levertov (1923-97), The Jacob's Ladder. Henry Livings (1929-98), Stop It, Whoever You Are (first play). Robert Lowell (1917-77), Imitations; "repoetizations" of Homer, Sappho, Villon et al. Louis MacNeice (1907-63), Solstices. Rochelle Owens (1936-), Not Be Essence That Cannot Be. Nelly Sachs (1891-1970), Fahrt ins Staublose. John B. Wain (1925-94), Weep Before God. Diane Wakoski (1937-), Coins and Coffins (debut). Richard Wilbur (1921-2017), Advice to a Prophet, and Other Poems. Yevgeny Yevtushenko (1933-), Babi Yar; brave Soviet poet disses the Soviet Union for its anti-Semitism and disinformation; The Heirs of Stalin; asks the Soviet govt. to make sure that Stalin will "never rise again". Novels: Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), The Primal Urge; about a society where people wear an Emotion Register on their foreheads that glows when they get sexually aroused; banned in Ireland. Jorge Amado (1912-2001), Home Is the Sailor: The Whole Truth Concerning the Redoubtful Adventures of Captain Vasco Moscoso de Arago, Master Mariner; The Two Deaths of Quincas Wateryell; his masterpiece? J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Wind from Nowhere (first novel); hurricanes destroy civilization. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), How It Is. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), The Off-Islanders; filmed in 1966 by Norman Jewison as "The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming", starring Alan Arkin. Pierre Berton (1920-2004), The Secret World of Og. Burt Blechman (1927-), How Much?; a beatnik. Robert Bloch (1917-94), Firebug; Blood Runs Cold (short stories). Marion Zimmer Bradley (1930-99), The Door Through Space (first novel); "Beware of the 4-D demons" - good first title for a lez? W.R. Burnett (1899-1982), Conant; Round the Clock at Volari's. Sheila Burnford (1918-84), The Incredible Journey; three pets incl. Luath (retriever), Tao (Siamese cat), and Bodger (bull terrier) brave the Canadian wilderness. William S. Burroughs (1914-97), The Soft Machine; #1 in the Jumbled-Page Trilogy (1961-4); coins the term "heavy metal". Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), False Entry. John Dickson Carr (1906-77), The Witch of the Low Tide: An Edwardian Melodrama; set in 1907. John le Carre (1931-2020), Call for the Dead (first novel); un-James-Bond-like cerebral English spy George Smiley. David Caute (1936-), Comrade Jacob; filmed in 1975 as "Winstanley". John Cheever (1912-82), Some People, Places, and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel (short stories); incl. The Death of Justina. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Double Sin and Other Stories; The Pale Horse (Nov. 6); a converted Tudor Inn run by three middle-aged witches; novelist detective Ariadne Oliver. Louis Chu (1915-70), Eat a Bowl of Tea (only novel); New York's Chinatown in the 1940s. Ivy Compton-Burnett (1884-1969), The Mighty and Their Fall. Richard Condon (1915-96), A Talent for Loving. William Cooper (1910-2002), Scenes from Married Life. A.J. Cronin (1896-1981), The Judas Tree. Roald Dahl (1916-90), James and the Giant Peach; 4-y.-o. English orphan James Henry Trotter loses his family in S England to an escaped rhino, and is forced to live with mean aunts Spoker and Sponge near the White Cliffs of Dover for three years, until he meets an old man who gives him a recipe for a magic potion that will bring happiness and great adventures, but he spills it onto a barren peach tree, which produces a gigantic magical peach as big as a house, which has a secret room where he meets six magically-altered garden bugs, who free the house to roll through the village and fall over the cliffs into the sea, where 500 seagulls fly it across the Atlantic Ocean, meeting the Cloud-Men above the clouds who control the weather, then to New York City, landing on top of the Empire State Bldg, where they are welcomed as heroes, the giant peach pit becoming a mansion in Central Park, where they all live happily forever. originally intended to be a giant cherry, but a peach is "prettier, bigger and squishier than a cherry". George P. Elliott (1918-80), Among the Dangs. Harlan Ellison (1934-), Spider Kiss (Rockabilly); Children of the Streets (The Juvies) (short stories); Gentleman Junkie and Other Stories of the Hung-Up Generation; a good review in Esquire by Dorothy Parker launches his career. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Kristallogat (first novel). James T. Farrell (1904-79), Side Street and Other Stories. Howard Fast (1914-2003), April Morning; a teenager witnesses the Apr. 19, 1775 Battles of Lexington and Concord. Konstantin Fedin (1892-1977), The Fire. Ian Fleming (1908-64), Thunderball (James Bond 007 #8) (Mar. 27); introduces bad guy Ernst Stravro Blofeld of SPECTRE, who kills James Bond 007's wife and becomes his most hated foe; filmed in 1965, and in 1983 as "Never Say Never Again". Janet Frame (1924-2004), Faces in the Water. Pamela Frankau (1908-67), Pen to Paper: A Novelist's Notebook. Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973), Verso la Certosa. George Garrett (1929-2008), Which Ones Are the Enemy?; about Am. GIs. Jose Maria Gironella (1917-2003), A Million Dead. Eliot George (Gillian Freeman) (1929-), The Leather Boys; English biker gang with two queer, er, gay members; filmed in 1964. Winston Graham (1908-2003), Marnie; a woman's childhood nightmares make her into a liar and thief; filmed in 1964. Shirley Ann Grau (1929-), The House on Coliseum Street; a young woman in New Orleans has an abortion. Graham Greene (1904-91), A Burnt-Out Case. Davis Grubb (1919-80), The Watchman. David Halberstam (1934-2007), The Noblest Roman (first novel). Earl Hamner Jr. (1923-2016), Spencer's Mountain; basis of the CBS-TV series "The Waltons". John Hawkes (1925-98), The Lime Twig; lonely fat man William Hencher moves in with his mother and attempts to steal a famous racehorse and run it under an alias; his first hit, although later his 1951 novel "The Beetle Leg" is viewed as one of the top novels of the cent. Robert A. Heinlein (1907-88), Stranger in a Strange Land (original title "The Heretic") (June 1); bestseller (5M copies) about human Valentine Martin Smith, who was raised by Martians and brought back to Earth, transforming society a la the Biblical book of Exodus into organized religion-free counterculture free love anything goes hippiedom; coins the terms "grok"and "grokked"; becomes the Bible of the hippie movement; "Once upon a time there was a Martian named Valentine Martin Smith" (opening). Joseph Heller (1923-99), Catch-22 (Nov. 10); Time mag. copywriter writes it in his spare time; a flop until humorist S.J. Perelman commends it in a nat. pub.; USAF B-25 flyer Yossarian and Maj. Major of the Fighting 256th ("two to the fighting eighth power") on the Mediterranean island of Pianosa W of Italy in WWII; "There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn't, but if he were sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn't have to; but if he didn't want to he was sane and had to. Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle"; its satire of military bureaucracy feeds the anti-Vietnam war culture; filmed in 1970 by Mike Nichols. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), The Two Faces of January (Oct. 31); Rydal Keener, Chester McFarland, and his wife Colette. Susan Hill (1942-), The Enclosure (first novel). Langston Hughes (1902-67), The Best of Simple. Richard Hughes (1900-76), The Fox in the Attic; first in his Human Predicament trilogy, following Euro history from the 1920s thru WWII, incl. Hitler's escape after the Nov. 9, 1923 Munich Putsch; followed by "The Wooden Shepherdess" (1973). Fannie Hurst (1889-1968), God Must Be Sad. Norman Juster (1929-), The Phantom Tollbooth (Random House); written after receiving a $5K Ford Foundation grant to write a children's book about cities; about young Milo and his magic tollboth, which transports him to the Kingdom of Wisdom, where he rescues Princess Rhyme and Princess Reason from the castle in the air, becoming the 20th cent. "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". MacKinlay Kantor (1904-77), Spirit Lake; Indian raid on Iowa settlers; If the South Had Win the Civil War; launches the genre of U.S. Civil War alternate histories. Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957), Report to Greco (posth.); sums up his philosophy as "the Cretan Glance", and discusses his Arab ancestry. Russell Amos Kirk (1918-94), Old House of Fear (first novel). Damon Knight (1922-2002), The Sun Saboteurs. Emma Lathen, Banking on Death (first novel); Harvard grads. Mary Jane Latsis (1927-97) and Martha Henissart (1929-) team up to crank out crime novels featuring Wall St. banker Putnam Thatcher; they later branch out under the alias R.B. Dominic with sleuth congressman Benton Safford. Stanislaw Lem (1921-2006), Solaris; filmed in 1972; Earth astronauts explore a planet while its sentient beings explore their minds. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Hombre; filmed in 1967. Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), Sweet Mom of Judas' Day. Malcolm Lowry (1909-57), Hear Us, O Lord from Heaven Thy Dwelling Place (posth.). Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Fear is the Key; The Dark Crusader (The Black Shrike) (under alias Ian Stuart). Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), The Thief and the Dogs. Charles Eric Maine (1921-81), The Mind of Mr. Soames; a man in a coma since infancy is awakened; filmed in 1970. Bernard Malamud (1914-86), A New Life; autobio. novel about a New York Jew making a fresh start in a "cow college" in Ore (Ore. State U.). William Manchester (1922-2004), The Long Gainer. Paule Marshall (1929-), Soul Clap Hands and Sing; four aging men reevaluate their lives. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Manila Galleon; The Sea Venture. Peter Matthiessen (1927-), Raditzer. William Keepers Maxwell Jr. (1908-2000), The Chateau. Carson McCullers (1917-67), Clock Without Hands (last novel); a small-town Ga. druggist sees his community explode into racial violence. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Horseman, Pass By (first novel); Homer Bannon, his stepson Hud, and grandson Lonnie; basis of the 1963 film "Hud"; first in his Thalia Trilogy (1961-6). Grace Metalious (1924-64), The Tight White Collar - do you like it tight and white? Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), A Serious Woman. Henry Miller (1891-1980), Tropic of Cancer; first legal U.S. pub. (first pub. in Paris in 1934). Merle Miller (1919-86), A Gay and Melancholy Sound. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), The Sport of Beasts. Iris Murdoch (1919-99), A Severed Head; dramatized by J.B. Priestley, starring Ian Holm and Richard Attenborough. V.S. Naipaul (1932-2018), A House for Mr. Biswas. Robert Nathan (1894-1985), The Wilderness-Stone. Robert Nicolson, The Whisperers; a poor old woman living alone in an apt. and fantasizing that she's an heiress discovers stolen money hidden by her son; filmed in 1967 starring Dame Edith Evans. Edwin O'Connor (1918-68), The Edge of Sadness (Pulitzer Prize). Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), Seventeen (Sebuntiin); based on 17-y.-o. imperialist assassin Otoya Yamaguchi (1943-60). John O'Hara (1905-70), Assembly (short stories). Zoe B. Oldenbourg (1916-2002), Cities of the Flesh; or, The Story of Roger de Montbrun. Tillie Olsen (1913-2007), Tell Me A Riddle (short stories) (debut). John Dos Passos (1896-1970), Midcentury (last novel). Alan Stewart Paton (1903-88), Tales from a Troubled Land (short stories). Edith Pargeter (1913-95), Death and the Joyful Woman; Inspector George Felse. Walker Percy (1916-90), The Moviegoer (first novel); New Orleans stockbroker John "Binx" Bolling goes on a search for his decaying Southern heritage, becoming a drifter who makes up for his cruddy life via films. Robert Pinget (1919-97), L'Hypothese. Sir Laurens van der Post (1906-96), The Heart of the Hunter: Customs and Myths of the African Bushman; based on the Bushmen stories of Wilhelm Bleek (1827-75); claims they represent the myth of the noble savage and the "lost soul" of mankind. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), When My Girl Comes Home. James Purdy (1914-2009), Color of Darkness (short stories); The Nephew. Erich Maria Remarque (1898-1970), Heaven Has No Favorites; love story between a young sanitarium patient and a race car driver; filmed in 1977 as the Sydney Pollack film Bobby Deerfield, starring Al Pacino and Marthe Keller. Harold Robbins (1916-97), The Carpetbaggers; bestseller (8M copies) about hard-drinking entrpreneur Jonas Cord (Howard Hughes?) and Rina Marlowe (Jean Harlow?), who are both trying to break into Hollywood; Nevada Smith = Tom Mix?; "It was not quite proper to have printed [it] between covers of a book. It should have been inscribed on the walls of a public lavatory" (New York Times). Robert Ruark (1915-65), The Old Man's Boy Grows Older. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Les Merveilleux Nuages (The Wonderful Clouds). J.D. Salinger (1919-2010), Franny and Zooey; two stories set in Nov. 1955 about the Glass family (sister-brother) in New England during the Yale football game; she likes to carry "The Way of the Pilgrim" and is suffering a nervous breakdown after a date with Lane Coutell; he tries to talk her out of it by reminding her of their brother Seymour's advice (during their radio whiz-kid days), "Do your best for the Fat Lady in the listening audience". James Salter (1925-), The Arm of Flesh (Cassada). William Sansom (1912-76), The Last Hours of Sandra Lee (London); an office clerk for a cosmetics firm has a last fling at the office Xmas party before her wedding, and makes the mistake of wearing a sexy dress, turning them all on. Thomas Savage (1915-), Trust in Chariots. Gladys Schmitt (1909-72), Rembrandt: A Novel. Robert Shaw (1927-78), The Sun Doctor; he can do more than act? Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Key to the Door. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), Time is the Simplest Thing (The Fisherman); about paranormal Shepherd Blaine, who escapes a mob set on him by the evil Fishhook monopoly by travelling back in time, only to find that time only flows forward while splitting into parallel Universes, and the past is a lifeless insubstantial place; The Trouble with Tycho; about a lunar crater where spacecraft disappear. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), The Spinoza of Market Street and Other Stories. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie; a 1930s Scottish teacher is fond of law-and-order Fascism; set in Marcia Blane School in the 1930s, based on James Gillespie's High School for Girls in Edinburgh; filmed in 1969. Howard Spring (1889-1965), I Met a Lady. Wallace Stegner (1909-83), A Shooting Star; Sabrina Castro cheats on her hubby. John Steinbeck (1902-68), The Winter of Our Discontent (last novel); an old New England family collapses morally and financially; Ethan Allen Hawley. Irving Stone (1903-89), The Agony and the Ecstasy (Mar. 16); about Michelangelo (1475-1564); bestseller; filmed in 1965 starring Charlton Heston. David Storey (1933-), Flight Into Camden. Edward Streeter (1900-76), Chairman of the Bored. Theodore Sturgeon (1918-65), Some of Your Blood; about Dr. Philip Outerbridge and his patient George Smith, who Outerbridge believes is a vampire. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), Death of a Highbrow. Junichiro Tanizaki (1886-1965), Diary of a Mad Old Man. Elizabeth Taylor (1912-75), In a Summer Season; a rich woman marries a 10-year-younger hunk, who becomes attracted to her neighbor's young daughter. Jim Thompson (1906-77), The Transgressors. Philip Toynbee (1916-81), Pantaloon or the Valediction (verse novel). Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Into the Forest (first novel). Leon Uris (1924-2003), Mila 18; the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Various Authors, Perry Rhodan; a sci-fi series from Germany that reaches 150M words and sells over 1B copies worldwide, about U.S. Space Force Maj. Perry Rhodan, who land on the Moon in 1971, discovered a marooned space ship, and take it to Terry. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Mother Night; title taken from Goethe's "Faust"; Am. playwright Howard W. Campbell Jr. moves from the U.S. to Germany and becomes a Nazi propagandist in order to spy on them; "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be." Peter De Vries (1910-93), Through the Fields of Clover; The Blood of the Lamb; Don Wanderhop. Edward Lewis Wallant (1926-62), The Pawnbroker; a Holocaust survivor works as a you know what, pissing-off some PC police by linking Jewish suffering with African-Ams. Mika Waltari (1908-79), The Tree of Dreams. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Wilderness: A Tale of the Civil War; a Bavarian Jew joins the Union army. Alec Waugh (1898-1981), My Place in the Bazaar. Evelyn Waugh (1903-66), The End of the Battle; #3 in the Sword of Honour Trilogy (1952-61). Paul West (1930-), A Quality of Mercy. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), Saturdays with Bricks (and Other Days Under Shell-Fire); Vendetta in Spain. Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), The Ordeal of Mrs. Snow (short stories). Patrick White (1912-90), Riders in the Chariot (Miles Franklin Award); bestseller based on the Book of Ezekiel. John A. Williams (1925-94), Night Song. Henry Williamson (1895-1977), The Innocent Moon. Angus Wilson (1913-91), The Old Men at the Zoo. Marjorie Winslow, Mud Pies and Other Recipes; children's book; illustrated by Erik Blegvad. Arthur Wise (1923-82), The Little Fishes Richard Wright (1908-60), Eight Men (short stories) (posth.); incl. The Man Who Lived Underground. Richard Yates (1926-92), Revolutionary Road (first novel) (Dec. 31); the plan of Conn. suburbanites Frank and April Wheeler of the Revolutionary Hill Estates to move to Paris is ruined by conformist Frank, after which April dies trying to give herself an abortion; "One of the few novels I know that could be called flawless" (James Atlas); "The Great Gatsby of our time" (Kurt Vonnegut Jr.); "If my work has a theme, I suspect it is a simple one, that most human beings are inescapably alone, and therein lies their tragedy"; too bad, his books never sell well, and he is only rediscovered after a 1999 essay in the Boston Review by Stewart O'Nan; after his daughter Monica dates Larry David and scares him, he becomes the model for Elaine's father Lawrence Tierney in "Seinfeld". Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), The Garfield Honor. Births: Canadian physicist (Jewish) Jacques Distler on Jan. 1 in Montreal; educated at Harvard U. Israeli politician (Jewish) Erel Margalit on Jan. 1 in Na'an; educated at the Hebrew U. of Jerusalem, and Columbia U. English musician Allan Mark "Boff" Whalley (Chumbawamba) on Jan. 1 in Burnley, Lancashire. Am. "Andrea Zuckerman in Beverly Hills, 90210" actress Gabrielle Anne Carteris on Jan. 2 in Scottsdale, Ariz. Spanish New Keynesian economist Jordi Gali (Galí) on Jan. 4 in Barcelona; educated at MIT; student of Olivier Blanchard (1948-). Am. "Infamous Angel" country-folk singer-songwriter Iris DeMent on Jan. 5 near Paragould, Ark.; grows up in Long Beach, Calif. Canadian Islamist physician Tahawwur Hussain Rana on Jan. 12 in Chichawatni, Punjab, Pakistan. Am. "Elaine Benes on Seinfeld", "The New Adventures of Old Christine" actress-comedian Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus on Jan. 13 in New York City; oldest of five sisters; family owns the Louis Dreyfus Group; moves to Washington, D.C. at age 8, where her stepfather is dean of George Washington U. Medical School; meets Seinfeld co-creator Larry David during three years on "Saturday Night Live" (1982-5); returns to host it in 2006. Canadian 6'2" hockey center ("the Messiah") Mark Douglas Messier on Jan. 18 in Edmonton, Alberta. Am. "Charley Brewser in Fright Night", "Herman Brooks in Herman's Head" actor William Ragsdale on Jan. 19 in El Dorado, Ark. Mexican Nat. Action Party (PAN) politician Josefina Eugenia Vazquez Mota on Jan. 20 in Mexico City. U.S. Rep. (R-N.D.) (2013-) Kevin John Cramer on Jan. 21 in Rolette, N.D.; educated at Concordia College, and U. of Mary. Am. "Stonewalled" writer Sharyl Attkisson on Jan. 26 in Sarasota, Fla.; educated at the U. of Fla. Canadian 6'0" 170 lb. "hockey hall-of-fame player-coach ("the Great One") Wayne Douglas Gretzky on Jan. 26 in Brantford, Ont. Am. rocker Carl Thomas "Tom" Keifer (Cinderella) on Jan. 26 in Springfield, Penn. English rocker Gillian Lesley Gilbert (New Order, The Other Two) on Jan. 27 in Whalley Range, Manchester; grows up in Macclesfield. Am. fashion designer Narciso Rodriguez III on Jan. 27 in Newark, N.J. Canadian rock singer Margo Timmins (Cowboy Junkies) on Jan. 27 in Montreal. English rock drummer David Baynton-Power (James) on Jan. 29 in Kent. Am. rock bassist Eddie "Edbass" Jackson (Queensryche) on Jan. 29 in Robstown, Tex. English singer-songwriter Lloyd Cole on Jan. 31 in Buxton. Am. musician-songwriter Wayne Michael Coyne (Flaming Lips) on Jan. 31 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; brother of Mark Coyne (1962-). Am. "C.C. Babcock in The Nanny" actress Lauren Lane (Laura Kay Lane) on Feb. 2 in Oklahoma City, Okla. Am. "The Chocolate War", "Arnie Cunningham in Christine" actor-dir. (Jewish) (atheist) Keith Gordon on Feb. 3 in New York City. Am. "Snow Angels" novelist Stewart O'Nan on Feb. 4 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at Boston U., and Cornell U. Ukrainian cosmonaut Yuri Ivanovich Onufrienko (Onufriyenko) on Feb. 6 in Rysasne, Kharkiv Oblast. U.S. Rep. (R-Fla.) (2011-13) (black) Allen Bernard West on Feb. 7 in Atlanta, Ga.; educated at the U. of Tenn., and Kansas State U. Am. long-blonde-hair-screeching rock singer Vince Neil Wharton (Motley Crue) on Feb. 8 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. rock singer-musician Sammy Llanas (BoDeans) on Feb. 8 in Milwaukee, Wisc. Am. ABC-TV "This Week" host (Greek Orthodox) George Robert Stephanopoulos on Feb. 10 in Fall River, Mass.; of Greek descent; Greek Orthodox priest father; grows up in Purchase, N.Y. and Cleveland, Ohio; educated at Columbia U. Am. "Sideways", "Jurassic Park III" film dir.-writer Constantine Alexander Payne on Feb. 10 in Omaha, Neb.; of Greek descent; educated at Stanford U. Am. "The Dawn of Everything" anthropologist and anarchist activist (Jewish) David Rolfe Graeber (d. 2020) on Feb. 12 in New York City; educated at Purchase College, and U. of Chicago. Canadian rock musician cEvin Key (Kevin William Crompton) (Skinny Puppy) on Feb. 13 in Vancouver, B.C. Am. punk singer Henry Rollins (Henry Lawrence Garfield) (Black Flag) on Feb. 13 in Washington, D.C. Am. singer-producer (black) D'Wayne Wiggins (Tony! Toni! Tone!) on Feb. 14 in Oakland, Calif. English musician-songwriter Andy Taylor (Duran Duran) on Feb. 16 in Cullercoats, Tyne and Wear. Am. economist Andrei Shleifer on Feb. 20 in Moscow, Russia; emigrates to the U.S. in 1976; educated at Harvard U., and MIT; student of Brad DeLong and Lawrence Summers. English actress-playwright Imogen Stubbs, Lady Nunn on Feb. 20 in Rothbury, Northumberland; educated at Exeter College, Oxford U. English musician (black) Ranking Roger (Roger Charlery) (The English Beat, General Public) on Feb. 21 in Birmingham. French chef Jean-Christophe Novelli on Feb. 22 in Arras. Ethiopian anthropologist (black) Yohannes Haile-Selassie Ambaye on Feb. 23 in Adigrat, Trigray, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa U., and educated at UCB. Am. auto racer David Carl "Davey" Allison (d. 1993) on Feb. 25 in Hueytown, Ala.; eldest child of Bobby Allison (1937-). Am. football QB (Kansas City Chiefs #14, 1983-7) (Pittsburgh Steelers, 1988-9) Todd Alan Blackledge on Feb. 25 in Canton, Ohio; educated at Penn State U. Am. 6'9" hall-of-fame basketball player (black) (Los Angeles Lakers #42, 1982-94) James Ager "Big Game" Worthy on Feb. 27 in Gastonia, N.C.; educated at the U. of N.C. Indian economist Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee on Feb. ? in Calcutta; educated at Harvard U.; husband of Esther Duffo (1972-); 2019 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. "The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father" biographer John Matteson on Mar. 3 in San Mateo, Calif.; educated at Princeton U., Harvard U., and Columbia U. Am. "Brian Michael Hackett in Wings" actor Steven Weber on Mar. 4 in Queens, N.Y. Mexican-Am. mass murderer Ramon Bojorquez (Ramón Bojórquez) Salcido oon Mar. 6 in Los Mochis, Sinaloa. Am. "Ellenor Frutt in The Practice", "Delia Banks in Ghost Whisperer" actress (Jewish) Debra Frances "Camryn" Manheim on Mar. 8 in Caldwell, N.J. Am. Olympic gymnast Mitchell Jay "Mitch" Gaylord (Jewish) on Mar. 10 in Van Nuys, Calif. Am. Research in Motion founder Michael "Mike" Lazaridis on Mar. 14 in Istanbul, Turkey; of Greek descent; emigrates to Canada in 1966; educated at the U. of Waterloo. Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (San Diego Clippers #34, 1982-4) (Milwaukee Bucks #34, 1984-9) (San Antonio Spurs #34, 1989-95) Robert Terrell "Terry" Cummings on Mar. 15 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at DePaul U. Italian supermodel Fabio Lanzoni (1959?) on Mar. 15 in Milan. Am. 7'1" basketball center (black) Samuel Paul "Sam" Bowie on Mar. 17 in Lebanon, Pa.; picked #2 before #3 Michael Jordan in the 1984 NBA Draft. Am. rock drummer Grantzberg Vernon "Grant" Hart (Husker Du) on Mar. 18 in South St. Paul, Minn. Am. rock drummer Slim Jim Phantom (James McDonnell) (Stray Cats) on Mar. 20 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; raised in Massapequa, N.Y. Greek "The Global Minotaur" economist Ioannis "Yanis" Varoufakis on Mar. 24 in Palaio Faliro, South Athens; educated at the U. of Essex, ahnd U. of Birmingham. Am. "Cougar in Top Gun" actor-dir.-writer-producer John Stockwell (John Samuels IV) on Mar. 25 in Galveston, Tex. English economist Gerard Patrick Lyons on Mar. 31 in Kilburn, London; educated at the U. of Liverpool, U. of Warwick, and U. of London. Scottish "I Dreamed a Dream", "Wild Horses" singer (Roman Catholic) Susan Magdalane Boyle on Apr. 1 in Blackburn, West Lothian; Irish immigrant parents; youngest of 10 children. Am. "Lacey's Song" country singer (Nashville Star #1) Buddy Jewell Jr. on Apr. 2 in Lepanto, Ark. Am. "Det. Elliot Stabler in Law & Order: SVU", "Chris Keller in Oz" actor Christopher Peter Meloni on Apr. 2 in Washington, D.C.; Italian father, French Canadian mother; educated at U. of Colo. Boulder. Am. pop singer Keren Jane Woodward (Bananarama) on Apr. 2 in Bristol; partner of Andrew Ridgeley (1963-). Am. "Amanda in Highlander: The Raven' actress (Miss America 1982) Elizabeth Ward Gracen (nee Elizabeth Grace Ward) on Apr. 3 in Ozark, Ark.; educated at Ark. Tech. U. English "Leo Howard in Howard's Way" actor Edward Thomas Highmore on Apr. 3 in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey; father of Freddie Highmore (1992-). Am. "Det. Axel Foley in Beverly Hills Cop", "Donkey in Shrek" comedian-actor-dir.-producer (black) Edward Regan "Eddie" Murphy on Apr. 3 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Dutch "New Age Religion and Western Culture" writer-scholar Wouter Jacobus Hanegraaff on Apr. 10 in Amsterdam. Am. rock bassist Hiro Yamamoto (Soundgarden) on Apr. 13 in Seattle, Wash. Scottish "Begbie in Trainspotting", "Renard in The World Is Not Enough", "Adolf Hitler in Hitler: The Rise of Evil" actor Robert Carlyle on Apr. 14 in Maryhill, Glasgow. Am. molecular biologist Carolyn Widney "Carol" Greider on Apr. 15 in San Diego, Calif.; educated at UCB; 2009 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. economist (Jewish) (Federal Reserve System board of govs., 2010-14) Sarah Bloom Raskin on Apr. 15 in Medford, Mass.; eduacated at Amherst College, and Harvard U. Am. 6'5" football QB (Cincinnati Bengals #7, 1984-92) Norman Julius "Boomer" Esiason on Apr. 17 in West Islip, N.Y.; nicknamed by his mother for kicking in the womb; educated at the U. of Md. Am. conservative writer (Jewish) John Podhoretz on Apr. 18; son of Norman Podhoretz (1930-) and Midge Decter (1927-); educated at the U. of Chicago. Am. baseball 1B player (lefty) (New York Yankees, 1982-95) Donald Arthur "Donnie Baseball" "The Hit Man" Mattingly on Apr. 20 in Evansville, Ind. Mexican-Am. comedian-actor George Lopez on Apr. 23 in Mission Hills, Calif.; "Any chance I can get to hit something that's white" (why he plays golf). Belgian astronaut Frank, Viscount De Winne on Apr. 25 in Ledeberg, Belgium. Am. ""Obama's America" conservative writer (Roman Catholic) Dinesh D'Souza on Apr. 25 in Mumbai, India; emigrates to the U.S. in 1978; educated at Dartmouth College. educated at Dartmouth College; AKA Distort D'Newza. Am. "Twin Peaks", "The Last Emperor" actress-dir.-writer Joan Chen on Apr. 26 in Shanghai, China. Am. "The Opie and Anthony Show" radio talk host Anthony Cumia on Apr. 26 in Long Island, N.Y. Am. alternative rock drummer-painter Chris Mars on Apr. 26. Am. 6'1" basketball point guard-coach (black) (Detroit Pistons, 1981-94) Isiah Lord "Zeke" "Pee Wee" "Mr. Wonderful" Thomas III on Apr. 30 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Indiana U. Am. "The People's Court" judge Marilyn Milian on May 1 in Astoria, N.Y.; brother of Jenny Packham; educated at Georgetown U. English "The Really Wild Show", "Springwatch" environmentalist Christopher Gary "Chris" Packham on May 4 in Southampton, Hampshire; educated at Taunton's College, and U. of Southampton. Am. "my career started on Facts of Life" "Dr. Doug Ross in ER" 5'11" actor-dir. (Roman Catholic-turned-atheist?) George Timothy Clooney on May 6 in Lexington, Ky.; nephew of Rosemary Clooney (1928-2002); husband (1989-93) of Talia Balsam (1959-), and (2014-) Amal Alamuddin (1978-): "I don't believe in Heaven and Hell... All I know is that as an individual, I won't allow this life - the only thing I know to exist - to be wasted." Am. Dem. New York City mayor #109 (2014-) Bill de Blasio (Warren Wilhelm Jr.) on May 8 in Manhattan, N.Y.; raised in Cambridge, Mass.; educated at NYU, and Columbia U. Am. "Aidan in Sex and the City" actor and country singer John Joseph Corbett Jr. (John Corbett Band) on May 9 in Wheeling, W. Va.; coal miner stepfather. Am. rock drummer Daniel Erwin "Danny" Carey (Tool) on May 10 in Lawrence, Kan. Am. "Maggie in The Negotiator", "Mrs. Zuckerman in Charlotte's Web", "school bus driver Dorothy Harris in Forrest Gump" actress Siobhan Fallon (Hogan) (pr. shah-VAHN) on May 13 in Syracuse, N.Y. Am. 6'7" "Bad As I Wanna Be" hall-of-fame basketball player-actor (black) (Detroit Pistons, 1986-93) (Chicago Bulls, 1995-8) Dennis Keith "the Worm" Rodman on May 13 in Trenton, N.J.; educated at Southeastern Okla. State U. English "Mr. Orange in Reservoir Dogs", "robber in Pulp Fiction" actor-dir. (Jewish) Tim Roth (Timothy Simon Smith) on May 14 in Dulwich, London; of German Jewish descent; father Ernie Smith is a member of the British Communist Party. Am. TV personality (Jewish) Giselle Fernandez on May 15 in Mexico City, Mexico; Mexican flamenco dancer father, Jewish mother. Irish "A Day Without Rain" singer-composer Enya Brennan (Eithne Patricia Ni Bhraonain) on May 17 in Gweedore, County Donegal. Am. "Agent Clay in Hellboy" actor Corey (John) Johnson on May 17 in New Orleans, Calif. Am. hall-of-fame bowler Lisa Wagner on May 19 in Calif. English musician Nicholas "Nick" Heyward (Haircut 100) on May 20 in Beckenham, Kent. Am. "Luther Stickell in Mission: Impossible" actor (black) (bald) Irving Rameses "Ving" Rhames on May 21 in New York City; grows up in Harlem; named after NBC journalist Irving R. Levine (1922-). Am. actress Ann Cusack on May 22 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; sister of Joan Cusack (1962-) and John Cusack (1966-). Am. "1st Chris in The Partridge Family" actor Jeremy Gelbwaks on May 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. musician-producer (Scientologist) Michael Lockwood on May 22 in Hawthorne, Calif.; husband (2006-) of Lisa Marie Presley (1968-). Am. "Come to My Window" singer (lesbian) Melissa Lou Etheridge on May 29 in Leavenworth, Kan. Am. "Lorraine Baines McFly in Back to the Future", "Erica in Red Dawn", "Caroline Duffy in Caroline in the City" actress-dir.-producer Lea Katherine Thompson on May 31 in Rochester, Minn. Am. bicyclist Gregory James "Greg" LeMond on June 2 in Lakewood, Calif.; first U.S. cyclist to win the Tour de France (1986, 1989, 1990). Am. "Jeopardy!" champ Chuck Forrest on June 3. English "The Phantom of the Opera" lyricist Charles Hart on June 3 in London; educated at Robinson College, Cambridge U. Am. "South Park" voice-over actress ("Catholic Jew") Mary Kay Bergman (d. 1999) on June 5 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Jewish parents don't stop her from converting to Roman Catholicism. Chilean musician Tomas Enrique "Tom" Araya (Slayer) on June 6 in Vina del Mar. Canadian "Marty McFly in Back to the Future","Alex P. Keaton in Family Ties", "Mike Flaherty in Spin City" actor Michael J. (Andrew) Fox on June 9 in Burnaby, B.C. (near Vancouver); adopts the middle initial in homage to Michael J. Pollard (1939-). Am. "A Few Good Men", "The American President", "Moneyball", "Steve Jobs" writer-dir.-producer (Jewish) Aaron Benjamin Sorkin on June 9 in New York City; grows up in Scarsdale, N.Y.; educated at Syracuse U. Am. rock bassist-songwriter Kimberley Sue Ann "Kim" Deal (AKA Mrs. John Murphy, Tammy Ampersand) (Pixies) on June 10 in Dayton, Ohio. English "Karma Chameleon" singer (gay) Boy George (George Alan O'Dowd) (Culture Club) on June 14 [Gemini] in Eltham, London. Am. "Cold-Case Christianity" Christian apologist James Warner Wallace on June 16 in Torrance, Calif.; educated at CSU Long Beach, and UCLA. Venezuelan 1B baseball 63" player (Montreal Expos, 1985-91) (Colorado Rockies, 1993-7) Andres Jose Padovani "the Big Cat" "El Gateo" Galarraga on June 18 in Caracas. Am. rock musician Charles Frederick Kip Winger (Winger) on June 21 in Denver, Colo. Am. writer (gay) David Leavitt on June 23 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at Yale U. Am. musician Dennis Eric Danell (d. 2000) (Social Distortion) on June 24. English "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" musician Curt Smith (Tears for Fears) on June 24 in Bath, Somerset. English "The Office" actor-comedian-dir.-writer-singer (atheist) Ricky Dene Gervais (Seona Dancing) on June 25 in Reading, Berkshire; French-Canadian immigrant father; educated at the U. of London. husband (1982-) of Jane Fallon (1960-). Am. 6'2" Olympic track star (black) Frederick Carlton "Carl" Lewis on July 1 in Birmingham, Ala.; raised in Willingboro, N.J. English princess of Wales (1981-96) ("the People's Princess") Diana Frances Spencer (Princess Diana/Di) (d. 1997) on July 1 [Cancer] in Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk; 4th of five children of John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer (1924-92), Viscount Althorp, who served as royal equerry to George VI, and 1st wife Frances Ruth Shand Kydd (nee Roche), Viscountess Althorp (1936-2004); sister of Lady Sarah McCorquodale (1955-), Jane Fellowes (1957-), and Charles Spencer, 9th earl Spencer (1964); sister Jane briefly dates Prince Charles; bluer blood than the real royal family, with a little covered-up Sephardic Jewish ancestry? Am. "Wit" playwright Margaret Edson on July 4 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Smith College, and Georgetown U. Am. "Bizarre Foods" chef (Jewish) Andrew Scott Zimmern on July 4 in New York City; educated at Vassar College. Am. "The Sixth Extinction" environmental journalist Elizabeth Kolbert on July 6 in Bronx, N.Y.; grows up in Larchmont, N.Y.; educated at Yale U., and U. Hamburg. Am. "Should've Been a Cowboy", "Ford Truck Man", "How Do You Like Me Now?", "Red Solo Cup" country singer-songwriter Toby Keith (Toby Keith Covel) (d. 2024) on July 8 in Clinton, Okla. German economist Ottmar Georg Edenhofer on July 8 in Gangkofen, Lower Bavaria; educated at the Ludwig Maximilian U. of Munich. English rock musician Andrew John "Fletch" Fletcher (Depeche Mode) on July 8 in Nottingham. Am. "Army Staff Sgt. Ding Chavez in Clear and Present Danger", "Tuco Salamanca in Breaking Bad" actor Raymond Cruz on July 9 in Los Angeles, Calif.; of Mexican descent. Tennis player Anders Per Jarryd (Järryd) on July 13 in Lidkoping. Am. "The Bad News Bears", "All the King's Men" actor Jackie Earle Haley on July 14 in Northridge, Calif. Canadian "Joan in The Object of Beauty", "Blaze Starr in Blaze" actress Lolita "Lolly" Davidovich (Davidoviae) on July 15 in London, Ont.; Serbian immigrant parents; wife of Ron Shelton (1945-). Am. U.N. weapons inspector (in Iraq) William Scott Ritter Jr. on July 15 in Gainesville, Fla.; educated at Franklin and Marshall College. Am. "Jody in The Crying Game", "Big Harold in Platoon", "Idi Amin in The Last King of Scotland" 6'2" actor-dir.-producer and opera tenor (black) Forest Steven Whitaker on July 15 in Longview, Tex.; grows up in South Los Angeles and Carson, Calif. Australian musician Mark McEntee (Divinyls) on July 16 in Perth, Western Australia. Portuguese PM #119 (2015-) Antonio Luis Santos da Costa on July 17 in Sao Sebastiao da Pedreira, Lisbon; educated at the U. of Lisbon. Am. comedian Lisa Lampanelli (Lisa Marie Lampugnale) on July 19 in Trumbull, Conn.; educated at Boston College, and Syracuse U. U.S. Black Hawk Down heli pilot Michael J. "Mike" Durant on July 23 in Berlin, N.H. English "Enjoy the Silence" rocker musician Martin Lee Gore (Depeche Mode) on July 23 in Dagenham, Essex. Am. "Woody Boyd in Cheers", "Mickey Knox in Natural Born Killers", "Larry Flynt in People vs. Larry Flynt", "David Murphy in Indecent Proposal", "Billy Hoyle in White Men Can't Jump", "Carson Wells in No Country for Old Men" actor Woodrow Tracy "Woody" Harrelson on July 23 in Midland, Tex.; hit-man father gets life sentence. Am. country singer-songwriter Joy Lynn White on July 24 in Ark.; grows up in Mishawaka, Ind. Am. musician Gary Francis Caine Cherone (Extreme, Van Halen) on July 26 in Malden, Mass.; has older fraternal twin Greg. Am. "Tyrone Clean Miller in Apocalypse Now", "Morpheus in The Matrix" actor (black) Laurence "Larry" Fishburne III on July 30 in Augusta, Ga. Am. Repub. politician Edward Walter "Ed" Gillespie on Aug. 1 in Mount Holly, N.JU.; educated at Catholic U. of Am. English rock drummer Peter Louis Vincent "Pete" de Freitas (d. 1989) (Echo and the Bunnymen) on Aug. 2 in Port of Spain, Trinidad. Am. rock singer-musician Lee Rocker (Stray Cats) on Aug. 3 in Long Island, N.Y. U.S. 6'1" 170-190 lb. Dem. pres. #44 (2009-) (black) (lefty) (Christian) (closet Muslim?) (closet Marxist?) (Freemason?) Barack (Baraka) (Heb. "baruch" = blessed) "Barry" Hussein (Arab. "handsome") (grandson of Muhammad) Obama (Kenyan "crooked") II (Jr.) on Aug. 4 (Fri.) (7:24 p.m.) in Kapilani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii (really in Mombasa, Kenya, then covered up to make him eligible for the presidency?); first African-Am. U.S. pres.; son of alcoholic polygamist Communist Muslim-turned-atheist Barack Hussein Obama Sr. (1936-82) of Nyang'oma Kogelo, Siaya District, Kenya (first African student at the U. of Hawaii) and white leftist anthropologist mother Stanley Ann Dunham (1942-95) of Wichita, Kan. (of British descent, with a pinch of Irish, incl. distant cousin Dick Cheney) (met in 1960 at the U. of Hawaii in a Russian language class, and married on Feb. 2, 1961 in Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii, when interracial marriage was illegal in more than half of U.S. states); his father's father was a cook for the British, who called him boy; he meets his father only once as a child; Muslim law considers him a Muslim at birth; "I got my middle name from somebody who obviously didn't think I'd ever run for president"; grows up to consider himself black; his parents separate in 1963, and divorce in Jan. 1964, after which she marries Indonesian Muslim Lolo Soetoro (1935-87) in 1966, living with him in Indonesia until 1972 then returning to Hawaii with her son (who returned in 1971 to go to school), and making periodic trips back to Indonesia as well as Pakistan on behalf of the Ford Foundation and the U.S. Agency for Internat. Development (USAID) (a CIA front); she doesn't divorce Soetoro until 1980; in 1965 he attends the Muslim Besuki Elementary School in Jakarta, Indonesia for less than a year, followed by three years at the Roman Catholic St. Francis Assisi Elementary School in Jakarta; from age 10 he is raised in Honolulu by his white maternal grandparents Madelyn Lee Payne "Toot" (Hawaiian "Tutu" = grandmother") Dunham (1922-2008) and Stanley Armour Dunham (1918-92); while at Harvard U., Barack Sr. marries Ruth Nidesand (Ndesandjo), who bears son Mark Okoth Obama Ndesandjo; his Indonesian-born half-sister Maya Kassandra Soetoro-Ng (1970-) also lives in Honolulu; educated at Columbia U. and Harvard Law School; first black pres. of the Harvard Law Review (1990), and first never to be pub. while in school; husband (1992-) of Michelle Obama (1964-); his first job after graduating from Columbia U. in 1983 is with Henry Kissinger at the CIA front Business Internat. Corp.; 2009 Nobel Peace Prize; distant relation of U.S. presidents George H.W. Bush, George W. Bush, Gerald Ford, LBJ, Harry S. Truman, and James Madison (1751-1836), also Sir Winston Churchill and Robert E. Lee: "To say that force is sometimes necessary is not a call to cynicism, it is a recognition of history." Am. actress (Jewish) Julie "Tawny" Kitaen on Aug. 5 in San Diego, Calif. Am. "Janice Goralnik in Friends" actress Margaret Emily "Maggie" Wheeler (nee Jakobson) on Aug. 7 in Manhattan, N.Y. Irish rock musician The Edge (David Howell Evans) (U2) on Aug. 8 in Barking, East London; Welsh parents; emigrates to Malahide, Dublin, Ireland at age 1. U.S. Dem. White House Chief of Staff #30 (2021-) (Jewish) Ronald Alan "Ron" Klain on Aug. 8 in Indianapolis, Ind.; educated at Georgetown U., and Harvard U. Am. rock drummer Rikki Rockett (Richard Allan Ream) (Poison) on Aug. 8 in Mechanicsburg, Penn. German-Am. investor ("the Homeless Billionaire") Nicolas Berggruen on Aug. 10 in Paris, France; German-Jewish descent father, Roman Catholic Austrian-Albanian descent mother. Australian rock drummer Jonathon James "Jon" Farriss (INXS) on Aug. 10 in Perth; brother of Tim Farriss (1957-) and Andrew Farriss (1959-). Canadian-Am. "Bobos in Paradise" journalist (Jewish) David Brooks on Aug. 11 in Toronto, Ont.; grows up in New York City; educated at the U. of Chicago. Am. TV weatherman Samuel Jones "Sam" Champion on Aug. 13 in Paducah, Ky. English rock musician Roy Ernest Hay (Culture Club) on Aug. 12 in Southend, Essex. Am. football player-coach (Broncos, Houston Texans) Gary Wayne "Koob" Kubiak on Aug. 15 in Houston, Tex. Am. jazz musician (black) Everette Harp on Aug. 17 in Houston, Tex. U.S. treasury secy. #75 (2009-13) Timothy Franz "Tim" Geithner on Aug. 18 in New York City; German descent father, English (Mayflower) descent mother; educated at Dartmouth College, Peking U., Beijing Normal U., and Johns Hopkins U. Am. TV journalist Robert Warren "Bob" Woodruff on Aug. 18 in Bloomfield Hills, Mich.; educated at Colgate U., and U. of Mich. Am. "SpongeBob SquarePants" cartoonist Stephen Hillenburg on Aug. 21 in Ft. Sill, Okla.; educated at Humboldt State U. (marine science). English "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" musician Roland Jaime Orzabal (de la Quintana) (Tears For Fears) on Aug. 22 in Portsmouth; Spanish-Basque father, English mother. Am. rock drummer Deborah Mary "Debbi" Peterson (Bangles) on Aug. 22 in Northridge, Los Angeles, Calif.; sister of Vicki Peterson (1958-). Am. rock musician Dean DeLeo (Stone Temple Pilots) on Aug. 23 in Glen Ridge, N.J.; brother of Robert DeLeo (1966-). English "aged Will Robinson in Lost in Space", "Capt. Mike in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" actor Jared Francis Harris on Aug. 24 in London; son of Richard Harris (1930-2005) and 1st wife Joan Elizabeth Rees-Williams ( 1936-); educated at Duke U. Am. "Achy Breaky Heart" country singer-actor (lefty) William "Billy" Ray Cyrus on Aug. 25. in Flatwoods, Ky.; educated at Georgetown College; husband (1993-) of Liticia "Tish" Cyrus (nee Finley) (1967-); father of Trace Cyrus (1989-), Miley Cyrus (1992-), and Noah Cyrus (2000-). Am. fashion designer and film dir. (gay) Thomas Carlyle "Tom" Ford on Aug. 27 in Austin, Tex.; educated at NYU. Am. urban jazz saxophonist "Boney" James Oppenheim on Sept. 1 in Lowell, Mass. Am. "Mark in Friends" actor Steven Eckholdt on Sept. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. Norwegian pop musician Pal Waaktaar-Savoy (Pal Waaktaar Gamst) (a-ha) on Sept. 6 in Tonsenhagen, Oslo. Am. saxophonist (black) Leroi Moore (Dave Matthews Band) on Sept. 7 in Durham, N.C. Am. rock metal musician David Scott "Dave" Mustaine (Metallica, Megadeth) on Sept. 13 in La Mesa, Calif. English economist Timothy John "Tim" Besley on Sept. 14 in Kesteven; educated at All Souls College, Oxford U. Am. anti-Big Oil (Chevron) activist atty. Steven R. "Steve" Donziger on Sept. 14 in Jacksonville, Fla.; educated at Harvard U. Am. celeb Melinda Lou "Wendy" Morse (nee Thomas) on Sept. 14 in Columbus, Ohio; daughter of Dave Thomas (1932-2002); educated at the U. of Fla. Am. football hall-of-fame QB (Miami Dolphins #13, 1983-99) Daniel Constantine "Dan" Marino Jr. on Sept. 15 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; of Italian and Polish descent; educated at the U. of Pittsburgh; drafted by the Kansas City Royal ML baseball team in 1979. Am. "Tony Soprano in The Sopranos" actor James Joseph Gandolfini Jr. (d. 2013) on Sept. 18 in Westwood, N.J. Am. "Open Court" TV host-atty. (Jewish) Lisa Bloom on Sept. 21; daughter of Gloria Allred (1941-); educated at UCLA and Yale U. Am. "Chachi Arcola in Happy Days", "Charles in Charge", "Joanie Loves Chachi" actor Scott Vincent James Baio on Sept. 22 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Italian immigrant grandparents. Am. "Gladiator", "Star Trek: Nemesis", "The Last Samurai", "The Aviator" playwright-screenwriter (gay) John David Gynn Logan on Sept. 24 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Northwestern U. Am. conservative atty. Miguel Angel Estrada Castaneda (Castañeda) on Sept. 25 in Tegucigalpa, Honduras; emigrates to the U.S. in 1978; educated at Columbia U., and Harvard U. Am. "Officer Stacy Sheridan in T.J. Hooker", "Sammy Jo Dean Carrington in Dynasty" actress-producer Heather Deen Locklear on Sept. 25 in Westwood, Calif.; distant cousin of Marla Maples (1963-) - hi there, hot rear? Am. banker-atty. Edward Moore Kennedy Jr. on Sept. 26 in Boston, Mass.; son of Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy Sr. (1932-2009) and Joan Bennett Kennedy (1936-); brother of Patrick Joseph Kennedy (1967-); right leg amputated on Nov. 17, 1973 from cancer; educated at Wesleyan U., Yale U., and U. of Conn. Palestinian Fatah leader (Sunni Muslim) Mohammed Yusuf Dahlan on Sept. 29 in Khan Younis, Gaza Strip. Australian Labor PM #27 (2010-13) (redhead) (atheist) Julia Eileen Gillard on Sept. 29 in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, Wales; emigrates to Australia in 1966. Am. "Roy L. 'Rocky' Dennis in Mask", "Lance in Pulp Fiction" actor Eric Cameron Stoltz on Sept. 30 in Whittier, Calif. Am. "Dr. 90210" plastic surgeon Robert (Roberto Miguel) Rey Jr. on Oct. 1 in Sao Paulo, Brazil; emigrates to the U.S. in 1974 after sci-fi novelist Orson Scott Card and other Mormon missionaries sponsor him. Cuban-Am. "Just Another Day" singer-songwriter (black) Jon (Juan) Secada Da Cunha on Oct. 4 in Havana; raised in Hialeah, Fla. Am. "Waltons" actor David W. Harper on Oct. 4 in Abilene, Tex. U.S. Dem. labor secy. #26 (2013-7) Thomas Edward "Tom" Perez on Oct. 7 in Buffalo, N.Y.; Dominican immigrant parents; educated at Brown U., and Harvard U. Am. rock musician Mitch Marine (Smash Mouth) on Oct. 8. Am. actress-comedian-dir. (black) Kim Wayans on Oct. 8 in New York City; sister of Keenen Ivory Wayans (1958-), Damon Wayans (1960-), Shawn Wayans (1971-), and Marlon Wayans (1972-); Jehovah's Witness parents. Canadian "The Safety Dance" musician Ivan Doroschuk (Men Without Hats) on Oct. 9 in Ill.; grows up in Montreal, Quebec; of Ukrainian descent. Am. "Doublemint Twins" actresses Jean and Liz Sagal on Oct. 9 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Boris Sagal (1917-82) and Sara Zwillig; sisters of Katey Sagal (1954-) and Joe Sagal (1957-). Palestinian "Paradise Now", "Omar" dir. Hany Abu-Assad on Oct. 11 in Nazareth; emigrates to the Netherlands in 1981. Am. 6'2" football hall-of-fame QB (lefty) (San Francisco 49ers #8, 1987-99) Jon Steven "Steve" Young on Oct. 11 in Salt Lake City, Utah; great-great-great-grandson of Brigham Young; educated at BYU: "Perception is reality. If you are perceived to be somehting, you might as well be it because that's the truth in people's minds." Am. writer Richard Abanes on Oct. 13 in ?. Am. fashion designer (Jewish) (gay) Isaac Mizrahi on Oct. 14 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; of Egyptian Jewish descent. Am. "Jennifer Lyons-Appleton in Perfect Strangers" actor Melanie Wilson (Melina DiGuglielmo) on Oct. 14; daughter of "Mr. Whipple" Dick Wilson (1916-2007). Am. bowler Bryan Goebel on Oct. 15 in Kansas City, Kan. Am. "Black Codes" jazz trumpeter-composer (black) Wynton Learson Marsalis on Oct. 18 in New Orleans, La.; son of Ellis Marsalis Jr. (1934-); brother of Branford Marsalis (1960-), Ellis Marsalis III (1964-), Delfeayo Marsalis (1965-), Mboya Kinyatta (1971-), and Jason Marsalis (1977-); educated at Juilliard School. Am. "The Ice Storm" novelist Rick Moody on Oct. 18 in New York City. English "Labyrinth" novelist Kate Mosse on Oct. 20 in West Sussex; educated at New College, Oxford U. Am. "Speak" children's novelist Laurie Halse Anderson on Oct. 23 in Potsdam, N.Y.; educated at Georgetown U. Am. auto racer Ward Burton III on Oct. 25 in South Boston, Va.; brother of Jeff Burton (1967-); father of Jeb Burton (1992-). Am. "Vera", "Cleopatra" writer-ed.-biographer Stacy Madeleine Schiff on Oct. 26 in Adams, Mass.; educated at Phillips Andover Academy, and Williams College. Am. "Bobby Donnell in The Practice" actor Dylan (Mark Anthony) McDermott on Oct. 26 in Waterbury, Conn.; foster son of "The Vagina Monologues" playwright Eve Ensler (1953-). Kenyan pres. #4 (2013-) (black) (Roman Catholic) Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta on Oct. 26 in Nairobi; son of Jomo Kenyatta (1897-1976) and 4th wife Ngina Kenyatta; educated at Amherst College. French "The Great Reset" WEF speaker Thierry Malleret on Oct. 28 in Paris; educated at Oxford U. Russian journalist Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov on Oct. 29 in Kuybyshev; educated at Kuybyshev State U.; 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. Am. singer-musician (black) Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (Jackson Five) on Oct. 29 in Gary, Ind.; youngest in the Jackson family; not to be confused with Am. Idol judge Randy Jackson (1956-). Kiwi "The Lord of the Rings", "The Hobbit", "King Kong", "District 9" film dir. Sir Peter Robert Jackson on Oct. 31 in Wellington; gorws up in Pukerua Bay. Irish rock drummer Lawrence Joseph "Larry" Mullen Jr. (U2) on Oct. 31 in Artane, Dublin. Canadian "Constant Craving" country singer-songwriter (vegetarian) (lesbian) k.d. lang (Kathryn Dawn Lang) on Nov. 2 in Edmonton, Alberta. English Christie's chmn. David Albert Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley on Nov. 3 in Clarence House, London; only son of Antony Armstrong-Jones (1930-2017) and Princess Margaret (1930-2002); brother of Lady Sarah Chatto (1964-). Am. "Daniel LaRusso Karate Kid", "Bill Gambini in My Cousin Vinny" actor Ralph George Macchio Jr. on Nov. 4 in Huntington, N.Y.; half-Greek half-Italian descent father, Italian descent mother. Am. 'I Was Made for Dancin'" singer-actor Leif Garrett (Leif Per Nervik) on Nov. 8 in Hollywood, Calif.; of Norwegian descent; brother of Dawn Lyn (1963-). English musician Paul Stephen "Porl" Thompson (The Cure) on Nov. 8 in Wimbledon, London. Am. "The Death of the Grownup", "American Betrayal: The Secret Assault on Our Nation's Character" conservative journalist Diana West on Nov. 8 in Holywood, Calif.; educated at Yale U. Am. "Caroline, or Change", "Shrek The Musical" composer (Jewish) Jeaning Tesori (Levenson) on Nov. 10; educated at Barnard College. Romanian-Am. Olympic gold medal 7-perfect-10s gymnast Nadia (Russ. "hope") Elena Comaneci (pr. koh-man-EECH) on Nov. 12 in Onesti; becomes U.S. citizen in 2001; wife (1996-) of Bart Conner (1958-). Am. "Shoeless Joe Jackson in Eight Men Out", "Dish Boggett in Lonesome Dove" actor D.B. (Daniel Bernard) Sweeney on Nov. 14 in Shoreham, Long Island, N.Y. Am. "Sally Albright in When Harry Met Sally", "Annie Reed in Sleepless in Seattle" actress (Roman Catholic) Meg Ryan (Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra) on Nov. 19 in Fairfield, Conn. Am. "Pull Painting 1", "Waterfall" artist (black) Mark Brdford on Nov. 20 in South Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at the Calif. Inst. for the Arts; starts out as a hairdresser. Am. "Chris Cahill in Personal Best" actress Mariel Hemingway on Nov. 22 in Mill Valley, Calif; granddaughter of Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961); sister of Margaux Hemingway (1955-96); named after Mariel, Cuba. Indian "The God of Small Things" novelist Suzanna Arundhati Roy on Nov. 24 in Shillong, Meghalaya; Bengali father, Keralite Syrian Christian mother. Am. punk rock drummer Lori Barbero (Babes in Toyland) on Nov. 27 in Minneapolis, Minn. Am. football punter (Cincinnati Bengals #11, 1988-98) Leland Eric "Lee" Johnson on Nov. 27 in Dallas, Tex. Mexican "A Little Princess", "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" film dir. Alfonso Cuaron Orozco on Nov. 28 in Mexico City. Am. boxer (black) Jacqui Frazier-Lyde on Dec. 2; daughter of Joe Frazier (1944-2011). Am. rock drummer ("The Scientific Phenomenalist") David "Dave" Lovering (Pixies) on Dec. 6 in Burlington, Mass. Am. "How to Talk to a a Liberal" conservative writer Ann Hart Coulter on Dec. 8 in New York City; educated at Cornell U., and U. of Mich.; starts out writing legal briefs for Paula Jones' attys. and pub. a book on Pres. Clinton's impeachment. Am. "Byron Sully in Dr. Quinn: Medicine Woman" actor Joseph John "Joe" Lando on Dec. 9 in Prairie View, Ill. Am. "Nicole Chapman in Fame", "Sydney Cook in Walker, Texas Ranger" actress and R&B singer Virenia Gwendolyn "Nia" Peeples on Dec. 10 in Hollywood, Calif.; of Filipino, Scots-Irish, English, Italian, and Amerindian ancestry; educated at UCLA. English chef Marco Pierre White on Dec. 11 in Leeds. Irish singer Daniel Francis Noel O'Donnell on Dec. 12 in Kincasslagh, County Donegal. Am. actor Sam Prideaux Robards on Dec. 16 in New York City; son of Jason Robards Jr. (1922-2002) and Lauren Bacall (1924-2014). Am. 6'6" football hall-of-fame offensive lineman (Denver Broncos) Gary Wayne Zimmerman on Dec. 16 in Fullerton, Calif.; protects QB #7 John Elway in 1993-7. Am. "House Party" film dir.-writer Reginald Hudlin on Dec. 15 in Centreville, Ill. Am. "Lethal Weapon", "The Monster Squad", "The Last Boy Scout", "The Last Action Hero", "The Long Kiss Goodnight" screenwriter-actor Shane Black on Dec. 16 Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at UCLA; student of William Goldman; known for stories featuring two main chars. who become friends and trade witty dialogue ("Shane Blackisms"), usually set during Christmas time. Am. "Bright Lights, Big City" actor Sam Prideaux Robards on Dec. 16 in New York City; son of Jason Robards Jr. (1922-2000) and Lauren Bacall (1924-); husband (1985-93) Suzy Amis (1962-). Am. "The Closer" actor Jonathan F.W. "Jon" Tenney on Dec. 16 in Princeton, N.J.; educated at Vassar College; husband (1994-2003) of Teri Hatcher (1964-). English pop singer Sara Elizabeth Dallin (Bananarama) on Dec. 17 in Bristol. Am. physicist Eric Allin Cornell on Dec. 19 in Palo Alto, Calif.; educated at Stanford U. and MIT; 2001 Nobel Physics Prize. British film producer Graham King on Dec. 19. English psychic John Holland on Dec. 20; educated at Arthur Findlay College. Ukrainian cosmonaut (first person to marry in space) Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko on Dec. 22 in Svitlovodsk. Azerbaijani pres. (2003-) (Sunni Muslim) Ilham Heydar Oglu Aliyev on Dec. 24 in Baku; son of Heydar Aliyev (1923-2003). Am. GM CEO (2013-) Mary Teresa Barra (nee Makela) on Dec. 24 in Waterford, Mich.; educated at Kettering U. Am. basketball coach (Villanova U.) (2001-) Jerold Taylor "Jay" Wright Jr. on Dec. 24 in Churchville, Penn. Canadian sprinter (black) Benjamin Sinclair "Ben" Johnson on Dec. 30 in Falmouth, Jamaica. English "Cowl" novelist Neal Asher on ? in Billericay, Essex. Am. physicist John Carlos Baez on ? in ?; son of Albert Baez (1912-2007); cousin of Joan Baez (1941-); educated at Princeton U. and MIT. Am. economist Kyle Bagwell on ? in Claude, Tex.; educated at SMU, and Stanford U. Am. naturalist Eustace Robinson Conway IV on ? in S.C. Am. Mozilla co-founder (creator of JavaScript) Brendan Eich on ? in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at Santa Clara U., and U. of Ill. Australian mathematician-engineer David Evans on ? in ?; educated at the U. of Sydney, and Stanford U. Am. businessman (Muslim) Mansoor Ijaz on ? in Tallahassee, Fla.; son of Mujaddid Ahmed Ijaz (1937-92); educated at the U. of Va. and MIT. Am. film critic (Jewish) Shawn Anthony Levy on ? in New York City; not to be confused with Shawn Adam Levy (1968-). Am. "Late Migrations" writer Margaret Renkl on ? in Andalusia, Ala.; educated at Auburrn U., and U. of S.C. Am. economist Aaron Tornell on ? in ?; educated at MIT. Canadian scientist-politician (Green Party of B.C.) leader Andrew John Weaver on ? in Victoria, B.C.; educated at the U. of Victoria, Cambridge U., and U. of British Columbia. Deaths: Am. longevity queen Charity Davis (b. 1842) on ?; 119 years 160 days. Am. late-blooming artist Grandma (Anna Mary) Moses (b. 1860) on Dec. 13; lives from Pres. Buchanan to JFK: "If I didn't start painting, I would have raised chickens." Hungarian painter Istvan Csok (b. 1865) on Feb. 1. Am. peace activist Emil Greene Balch (b. 1867) on Jan. 9; 1946 Nobel Peace Prize. Belgian pathologist-bacteriologist Jules Bordet (b. 1870) on Apr. 6; 1919 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. Mormon atty. Joshua Reuben Clark (b. 1871) on Oct. 6 in Salt Lake City, Utah. French immunologist Jean-Marie Camille Guerin (b. 1872) on June 9 in Paris. Am. jurist Learned Hand (b. 1872) on Aug. 18 in New York City: "A society in which men recognize no check upon their freedom soon becomes a society where freedom is the possession of only a savage few." Canadian 5-pin bowling hall-of-fame inventor Thomas F. Ryan (b. 1872) on Nov. 19 in Toronto, Ont. English chemist Morris William Travers (b. 1872) on Aug. 25 in Stroud. U.S. First Lady (1915-21) ("the Secret President") Edith Wilson (b. 1872) on Dec. 28 in Washington, D.C.; wife of Pres. Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924), who became the first de facto woman U.S. pres. after he suffered a stroke in Sept. 1919. Am. vacuum tube inventor Lee De Forest (b. 1873) on June 30 in Hollywood, Calif. German-born Am. physiologist-pharmacologist ("Father of Neuroscience") Otto Loewi (b. 1873) on Dec. 25 in New York City; 1936 Nobel Medicine Prize. French Simon-Benet Test psychologist Theodore Simon (b. 1873) on Sept. 4. French-born Am. "The Poor Little Rich Girl" dir.-writer Maurice Tourneur (b. 1873) on Aug. 4 in Paris. U.S. Gen. John Francis O'Ryan (b. 1874) on Jan. 29 in South Salem, N.Y. Am. Tex. gov. #29 (1925-7) and #32 (1933-5) Ma Ferguson (b. 1875) on June 25 in Austin, Tex. Swiss psychoanalyst-philosopher Carl Gustav Jung (b. 1875) on June 6 in Kusnacht, Zurich; leaves the weird red-covered medieval tome Red Book (Liver Novus) (Lat. "New Book), written in 1914-30, detailing his fight with his own demons, which is locked in a bank vault and not pub. until 2009. English lyricist-novelist Valentine (Archibald Thomas Pechey) (b. 1876) on Nov. 29 in Wells, Somerset. French archeologist Abbe Henri Breuil (b. 1877) on Aug. 14 in L'Isle-Adam, Val-d'Oise. Russian-born Am. banana magnate Samuel Zemurray (b. 1877) on Nov. 30 in New Orleans, La. Am. Moral Rearmament founder Frank N.D. Buchman (b. 1878) on Aug. 7. Welsh painter Augustus John (b. 1878) on Oct. 31 in Fordingbridge, Hampshire, England. Philippine pres. (1944-6) Sergio Osmena (b. 1878) on Oct. 19 in Quezon City. Am. historian Joseph Gregoire de Roulhac Hamilton (b. 1878) on Nov. 10 in Chapel Hill, N.C. Russian-born Am. film exec (co-founder of 20th Cent.-Fox) Joseph Schenck (b. 1878) on Oct. 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. English conductor Sir Thomas Beecham (b. 1879) on Mar. 8 in London. Slovakian-born Am. businessman John Daniel Hertz Sr. (b. 1879) on Oct. 8 in Chicago, Ill. Canadian novelist-dramatist Mazo de la Roche (b. 1879) on July 12 in Toronto, Ont. Am. tennis player Beals C. Wright (b. 1879) on Aug. 23 in Boston, Mass. Am. "Pancho in The Cisco Kid" actor Leo Carrillo (b. 1880) on Sept. 10 in Santa Monica, Calif. (cancer). Am. Gesell Dome child psychologist Arnold Lucius Gesell (b. 1880) on May 29; known for studying Kamala the Wolf Girl (-1929), sister of Amala the Wolf Girl (-1921). British ambassador Sir Percy Loraine, 12th Baronet (b. 1880) on May 23 in London. Am. novelist Julia Peterkin (b. 1880) on Aug. ? near Ft. Motte, S.C. Am. Communist Party leader William Z. Foster (b. 1881) on Sept. 1 in Moscow, Russia. Russian artist Natalia Goncharova (b. 1881) on Oct. 17 in Paris, France. Australian steel magnate Essington Lewis (b. 1881) on Oct. 2 in Tallarook, Victoria. Polish-born Am. painter Max Weber (b. 1881) on Oct. 4. Swedish entrepreneur Axel Lennart Wenner-Gren (b. 1881) on Nov. 24. Am. high pressure physicist Percy Williams Bridgman (b. 1882) on Aug. 20 in Randolph, N.H. (suicide after contracting terminal cancer; leaves a note: "It isn't decent for society to make a man do this thing himself. Probably this is the last day I will be able to do it myself"; 1946 Nobel Physics Prize: "There is no adequate defense, except stupidity, against the impact of a new idea." Am. "Comedy, American Style" novelist Jessie Redmon Fauset (b. 1882) on Apr. 30 (heart failure). German novelist Leonhard Frank (b. 1882) on Aug. 18 in Munich. Australian-born Am. pianist-composer Percy Aldridge Grainger (b. 1882) on Feb. 20 in White Plains, N.Y.; head of New York U. music dept. Canadian activist Mary Richardson (b. 1882) on Nov. 7 in Hastings, East Essex, England. U.S. Rep. (D-Tex.) Samuel "Mister Sam" T. Rayburn (b. 1882) on Nov. 16 in Bonham, Tex.; 47 years in the House, speaker for 17 (most of 1940-61). Australian novelist Alice Grant Rosman (b. 1882) on Aug. 20. Am. silent film actress Stella Adams (b. 1883) on Sept. 17 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. Erector Set inventor Alfred Carlton Gilbert (b. 1884) on Jan. 24 in Boston, Mass. English "The Bells of St. Marys" lyricist Douglas Furber (b. 1885) on Feb. 20. English-born Australian activist Adela Pankhurst (b. 1885). Latvian-born Am. psychologist David Pablo Boder (b. 1886) on Dec. 18 in Chicago, Ill. Am. "daring to the point of dementia" hall-of-fame baseball player Ty Cobb (b. 1886) on July 17 in Atlanta, Ga. (prostate cancer); holds a ML record .366 (.367) career batting avg., stealing homes a record 54x, and committing a record 271 errors; youngest player with 4K hits and 2K runs; has a bag with $1M in negotiable bonds and a Luger pistol with him at Emory Hospital, and leaves an estate worth $11.8M, leaving 25% to the Ty Cobb Educational Fund to provide scholarships to needy people from Ga. Am. Imagist poet-novelist Hilda Doolittle ("H.D.") (b. 1886) on Sept. 27 in Zurich, Switzerland (stroke); epitaph: "So you may say,/ Greek flower, Greek ecstasy/ reclaims forever/ one who died/ following intricate song's/lost measure." U.S. Gen. Robert Lawrence Eichelberger (b. 1886) on Sept. 26 in Asheville, N.C. Russian-born Am. painter John D. Graham (b. 1886) in London. German Marxist philosopher Karl Korsch (b. 1886) on Oct. 21 in Belmont, Mass. English writer Archibald Robertson (b. 1886) on Oct. 14 in Oxford. Swiss-born French modernist poet-novelist Blaise Cendrars (b. 1887) on Jan. 21 in Paris. French occultist Rene Adolphe Schwaller de Lubicz (b. 1887). Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger (b. 1887) on Jan. 4 in Vienna (asthma); 1933 Nobel Physics Prize: "You will, on close introspection, find that what you really mean by 'I' is the ground-stuff upon which all experiences are collected"; We do not belong to this material world that science constructs for us. We are not in it; we are outside. We are only spectators. The reason why we believe that we are in it, that we belong to the picture, is that our bodies are in the picture. Our bodies belong to it. Not only my own body, but those of my friends, also of my dog and cat and horse, and of all the other people and animals. And this is my only means of communicating with them." French Egyptologist Rene Adolphe Schwaller de Lubicz (b. 1961); leaves The Temple of Man on the symbolism in the Temple of Luxor, which is later taken up by John Anthony West. Am. comedian Chico Marx (b. 1887) on Oct. 11 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart failure). Irish "Father Fitzgibbon in Going My Way" actor Barry Fitzgerald (b. 1888) on Jan. 14 in Dublin (heart attack). Am. "Charlie Chan" producer John Stone (b. 1888) on June 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. actor Harry Bannister (b. 1889) on Feb. 26 in New York City. U.S. gen. Russell Peter Hartle (b. 1889) on Nov. 23 in Bethesda, Md. French lit. critic Emile Henriot (b. 1889) on Apr. 14 in Paris. Am. comic dramatist George S. Kaufman (b. 1889) on June 2 in New York City. Am. jazz musician Nick LaRocca (b. 1889) on Feb. 22. Am. Kool-Aid inventor Edwin Elijah Perkins (b. 1889) on July 3 in Olmsted County, Minn. Australian-born Am. silent film comedian Snub Pollard (b. 1889) on Jan. 19 in Burbank Calif. (cancer). Hungarian PM (1946-8) Zoltan Tildy (b. 1889) on Aug. 3 in Budapest. English-Australian novelist Angela Thirkell (b. 1890) on Jan. 29: "It's very peaceful with no husbands." U.S. Sen. (Md.) Millard E. Tydings (b. 1890) on Feb. 9 near Havre de Grace, Md. U.S. secy. of defense (1953-7) and GM CEO (1943-53) Charles Erwin Wilson (b. 1890) on Sept. 26 in Norwood, La. Dominican Repub. dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo y Molina (b. 1891) on May 30 in Santo Domingo (assassinated). Austrian chancellor Julius Raab (b. 1891) on Jan. 8. Am. hall-of-fame bowler Marie Elizabeth Clemensen (Geddes) (b. 1892) on May 23 in Tampa, Fla. English Jaguar Cars co-founder William Walmsley (b. 1892) on June 4/5 in Poulton-Le-Fylde. Am. diplomat Sumner Welles (b. 1892) on Sept. 24 in Bernardsville, N.J. Am. actress Ruth Chatterton (b. 1893) on Nov. 24 in Norwalk, Conn. Am. "Alligator People" film dir. Roy Del Ruth (b. 1893) on Apr. 27 in Sherman Oaks, Calif. Am. horror-fantasy writer Clark Ashton Smith (b. 1893) on Aug. 14 in Pacific Grove, Calif. Am. journalist Dorothy Thompson (b. 1893) on Jan. 30 in Portugal: "Age is not measured by years. Nature does not equally distribute energy. Some people are born old and tired while others are going strong at seventy"; "It is not the fact of liberty but the way in which liberty is exercised that ultimately determines whether liberty itself survives"; "When liberty is taken away by force it can be restored by force. When it is relinquished voluntarily by default it can never be recovered." French "Journey to the End of Night" novelist Louis-Ferdinand Celine (b. 1894) on July 1 in Paris. Am. "Sam Spade" novelist Dashiell Hammett (b. 1894) on Jan. 10 in Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City (lung cancer); buried in Sec. 12 Lot 508 of Arlington Nat. Cemetery; "I stopped writing because I was repeating myself. It is the beginning of the end when you discover you have style" (1956); "I have been asked many times over the years why he did not write another novel after 'The Thin Man'. I do not know. I think, but I only think, I know a few of the reasons: he wanted to do new kind of work; he was sick for many of those years and getting sicker. But he was a man who kept his work, and his plans for work, in angry privacy and even I would not have been answered if I had ever asked, and maybe because I never asked is why I was with him until the last day of his life." (Hillian Hellman) Canadian hockey player Alf Skinner (b. 1894) on Apr. 11 in Toronto, Ont. Am. "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" New Yorker humorist writer-cartoonist James Thurber (b. 1894) on Nov. 2 in New York City. Am. first African-Am. fighter pilot Eugene Bullard (b. 1895) on Oct. 12 in New York City (stomach cancer); ended up as a nobody elevator operator at Rockefeller Center in New York City: "The truth is our fight, and the fight of those who looked up to us as heroes, didn't end with the 'War to End All Wars'." German Gen. Hermann Foertsch (b. 1895) on Dec. 27 in Munich. Indian maharaja (1925-61) Hari Singh (b. 1895) on Apr. 26 in Mumbai. Am. CIA dir. (1950-3) Walter Bedell Smith (b. 1895) on Aug. 9 in Washington, D.C. Albanian king (1928-39) Zog I (b. 1895) on Apr. 9 in Suresnes, Paris. Am. actress Marion Davies (b. 1897) on Sept. 22 in Hollywood, Calif. (stomach cancer). Am. "Blood and Sand" silent film vamp actress Nita Naldi (b. 1897) on Feb. 17 in New York City. U.S. Sen. (R-N.H.) (1937-61) Henry Styles Bridges (b. 1898) on Nov. 26 in Concord, N.H. (heart attack). British actor Wallace Lupino (b. 1898) on Oct. 11 in Ashford, Kent. Am. jazz trombonist Miff Mole (b. 1898) on Apr. 29. Am. novelist Henry Morton Robinson (b. 1898) on Jan. 13 in New York City. Am. "The Sun Also Rises" novelist Ernest "Papa" Hemingway (b. 1899) on July 2 in Ketchum, Idaho (suicide): "Writing is at best a lonely life"; "We all have a girl and her name is Nostalgia"; "Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know"; "Never confuse motion with action"; "The first panacea for a mismanaged nation is inflation of the currency; the second is war. Both bring a temporary prosperity; both bring a permanent ruin. But both are the refuge of political and economic opportunists"; "They wrote in the old days that it is sweet and fitting to die for one's country. But in modern war there is nothing sweet nor fitting in your dying. You will die like a dog for no good reason"; "Never think that war, no matter how necessary, nor how justified, is not a crime"; "All good books are alike in that they are truer than if they had really happened"; "Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated"; "The most essential gift for a good writer is a built-in, shock-proof shit detector"; "There is no hunting like the hunting of man, and those who have hunted armed men long enough and liked it, never care for anything else thereafter"; "There is no lonelier man in death, except the suicide, than that man who has lived many years with a good wife and then outlived her. If two people love each other there can be no happy end to it" - these are the hands I work with, they make me a living, bang? Am. historian Garrett Mattingly (b. 1900) on Dec. 18 in Oxford, England (emphysema). Am. "High Noon" actor Gary Cooper (b. 1901) on May 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer); "I know that what is happening is God's will. I am not afraid of the future" (last public statement); "One of the most beloved illiterates this country has ever known" (Carl Sandburg); "From what I hear about Communism, I don't like it because it isn't on the level." Am. "Afternoon of a Pawnbroker" poet-novelist Kenneth Fearing (b. 1902) on June 26 in Manhattan, N.Y. (malignant melanoma). French "Irma La Douce" composer Marguerite Monnot (b. 1903) on Oct. 12 in Paris. Am. mathematician-physicist Howard P. Robertson (b. 1903) on Aug. 26 in Pasadena, Calif. (pulmonary embolish). Am. writer-critic William Troy (b. 1903) on May 26 (cancer). German-born British astrologer Louis de Wohl (b. 1903) on June 2 in Lucerne, Switzerland. Am. actress Anna May Wong (b. 1905) on Feb. 2 in Santa Monica, Calif. (heart attack). English singer George Formby Jr. (b. 1904) on Mar. 6 in Liverpool (heart attack). Am. playwright-dir. Moss Hart (b. 1904) on Dec. 20 in Palm Springs, Calif. (heart attack): "The self-hatred that destroys is the waste of unfulfilled promise." Swedish statesman and U.N. secy.-gen. (1953-61) Dag Hammarskjold (b. 1905) on Sept. 17/18 in Ndola, N Rhodesia (plane crash en route to Katanga, Congo); the U.S. was behind it? Am. actress Dorothy Burgess (b. 1907) on Aug. 21 in Riverside, Calif. (TB). French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty (b. 1908) on May 3 (stroke). Am. country musician Karl Farr (b. 1909) on Sept. 20 in Mass. (heart attack). Moroccan king (1951-61) Mohammed V (b. 1909) on Feb. 26. German SS Gen. Kurt Meyer (b. 1910) on Dec. 23 in Hagen; sentenced to life, released in 1954. Finnish-Am. architect Eero Saarinen (b. 1910) on Sept. 1 in Ann Arbor, Mich.; designer of the Tulip chair, St. Louis Gateway Arch, and TWA Flight Center in New York City. German-born Am. journalist Karl Henry von Wiegand (b. 1911) on June 7 in Switzerland. Estonian Gen. Harald Riipalu (b. 1912) on Apr. 4 in Heckmondwicke, England (heart failure). Am. blues musician Sticks McGhee (b. 1917) on Aug. 15 in Bronx, N.Y. (lung cancer). Am. folk singer Cisco Houston (b. 1918) on Apr. 29 in San Bernardino, Calif. (stomach cancer). French Marxist philosopher Frantz Fanon (b. 1925) on Dec. 6 in Bethesda, Md. (leukemia). Am. famous dwarf Eddie Gaedel (b. 1925) on June 18 in Chicago, Ill. Congolese PM (1060) Patrice Lumumba (b. 1925) on Jan. 17 in Elisabethville, Katanga (tortured and executed). Am. physician-writer Thomas Anthony Dooley III (b. 1927) on Jan. 18 in New York City (cancer) - the good hang down their heads young? German auto racer Wolfgang von Trips (b. 1928) on Sept. 10 in Monza, Italy (auto accident). Am. basketball player Don Sunderlage (b. 1929) on July 15 in Lake Geneva, Wisc. (auto accident). Burundi PM (1961) prince Louis Rwagasore (b. 1932) on Oct. 13 at the Hotel Tanganyika (assassinated). Am. jazz musician Scott LaFaro (b. 1936) on July 6 in Geneva, N.Y. (automobile accident).
1962
Doomsday Clock: 7 min. to midnight.
Chinese Year: Tiger (Feb. 5).
Time Mag. Man of the Year: Pope John XIII (1881-1963),
for volunteering as a mediator in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
World pop. officially reaches 3B on Sept. 1.
This year the U.S. presence in Vietnam is increased to 11.3K soldiers; between Jan. 18 and 1972 U.S. military tanker planes and helis spray 10M-20M gal. of "Rainbow Herbicides", incl.
Agent Orange, Agent Purple,
Agent Pink, and Agent Green,
plus 375 lb. of Dioxin in Operation Ranch Hand
to "deny cover" to Commie forces, causing them to begin hiding in tunnels; in 1984 the
Agent Orange Class Action Lawsuit
is settled, with a record $180M fund set up for victims, who have to apply by Dec. 31, 1994.
This year 50 corps. control the U.S. media, which shrinks to five mega-corps. by the end of the cent.?
On Jan. 1 Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
On Jan. 1 Portuguese army troops led by Capt. Joao Varela Gomes, along with Roman Catholic dissident militants led by Manuel Serra attack the army barracks in
Beja, Portugal.
On Jan. 1 Pres. Kennedy activates the U.S. Navy SEALS
(Sea-Air-Land) to meet the challenge of guerrilla war and counterterrorism, formed from the Navy's UDT (underwater demolition team) units used in WWII and the Korean War.
On Jan. 1 Minn. defeats UCLA by 21-3 to win the 1962 Rose Bowl.
On Jan. 2 NAACP exec secy. Roy Wilkins praises JFK for his "personal role" in advancing civil rights for blacks.
On Jan. 3 Pope John XXIII excommunicates Cuban Communist dictator Fidel Castro - I'll bet he's real hurt?
On Jan. 4 New York City activates a crewless subway train.
It's time to shop at checkered auto parts?
On Jan. 4 Pres. Kennedy appoints Texas-born Frederick Herman "Fred" Korth (1909-98)
as U.S. Navy secy. #56 (until Nov. 1, 1963) after Texas-born John B. Connally Jr. (appointed on Jan. 25, 1961) resigns last Dec. 20 and Texas-born LBJ lobbies him in;
within weeks Korth gets the X-22 V/STOL
contract switched from Boeing of Seattle, Wash. to Bell Aerospace Corp. of Ft. Worth, Tex.; too bad, after a prototype crashes on Aug. 8, 1966, the program is canceled;
meanwhile the $6.5B joint Navy-Air Force swing-wing TFX/F-111 Aardvark
program is up for bids, and with his and LBJ's lobbying, General Dynamics Co. of Ft. Worth, Tex. gets the award on Oct. 24, despite Boeing Co. of Washington
state having a better design and bidding $100M lower; Korth served as pres. of the Continental Nat. Bank in Fort Worth, Tex., which financed the Gen. Dynamics plant,
and before that he was the lawyer for Edwin A. Ekdahl, hubby of Lee Harvey Oswald's mother Marguerite Frances Ekdahl during their divorce;
too bad, on Dec. 12 when LBJ visits GD for their big celebration, Texas Dem. rep. (1955-89)
James Claude "Jim" Wright Jr. (1922-),
representing the Texas 12th District based in Ft. Worth slips and utters the soundbyte:
"You have to have friends and they have to stick with you through thick and thin even if you do have merit on your side", causing the U.S. Senate to begin an investigation.
On Jan. 5 Time mag. names John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-63) as their Man of the Year for 1961.
On Jan. 7 the Los Angeles Examiner pub. its last issue after 59 years in operation.
On Jan. 8 Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" is exhibited in the U.S. for the first time at the Nat. Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
On Jan. 8 the 2-train Harmelen Train Disaster
in the Netherlands kills 93, becoming their worst train disaster until ?.
On Jan. 9 Cuba signs a trade pact with the Soviet Union.
On Jan. 10 an avalanche on 22K-ft. Mt. Huascaran
(highest peak in the Peruvian Andes) kills 3K-4K in 45 ft. of debris over 1 mi. wide.
On Jan. 11 JFK's Second State of the Union Address
praises Sam Rayburn, and ends with the soundbytes:
"A year ago, in assuming the tasks of the presidency, I said that few generations in all history had been granted the role of being the great
defender of freedom in its hour of maximum danger. This is our good fortune, and I welcome it now as I did a year ago" and "In this high endeavor,
may God watch over the United States of America".
On Jan. 12 the Indonesian Army announces that it has begun military operations in W Iran.
On Jan. 13 Albania allies with the People's Repub. of China.
On Jan. 15 Portugal walks out of the U.N. Gen. Assembly during a debate on Angola.
On Jan. 16 a military coup in the Dominican Repub. led by AF chief Rodriguez Echevarria overthrows Joaquin Balaguer and forces him into exile in New York City,
followed on Jan. 19 by a counter-coup, with new pres. Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly Fondeur (1904-79); on
Dec. 20 after putting the new 1962 Dominican Repub. Constitution
into effect, the country holds its first free election in 38 years (1924), choosing leftist leader
Juan Bosch Gavino (1909-2001),
head of the Dominican Rev. Party as pres. #41, who takes office next Feb. 27; too bad, his U.S.-supported plans for land reform get him toppled by the army 4 mo. later (June).
On Jan. 22 after U.S. pressure, the Org. of Am. States suspends the membership of Cuba, pissing-off Fidel Castro, who on Feb. 4 issues the
Second Declaration of Havana,
calling on all Latin Ams. to rise up against Yankee imperialism.
On Jan. 22 the murder trial of James Hanratty (b. 1936)
begins for the Aug. 22, 1961 A6 Murder
of physicist Michael Gregsten in Maulden Wood, Bedforshire, after his companion Valerie Storie (1936-), who was raped, shot, and left for dead IDs him in a lineup, although he claims an alibi;
after being convicted in Feb., he is hanged in Bedford Gaol despite many believing in his innocence, beginning a decades-long controversy (ends ?).
On Jan. 24 East Germany resumes conscription.
On Jan. 24 the far-right French OAS bombs the French foreign ministry to protest Algerian independence.
On Jan. 26 Ranger 3
is launched to study the Moon; too bad, it misses by 22K mi.
On Jan. 27 the Soviet govt. eliminates all place names honoring Stalin backers Vyacheslav Molotov (1890-1986),
Lazar Kaganovich (1893-1991), and Georgi Malenkov (1902-88), who tried a coup in 1957 and are now kaput.
On Jan. 27 the San Francisco Bay Area hosts the
Chubby Checker Twist Party
at the Cow Palace (attendance 17K); 1962 is the Year of the Twist, with
The Twist
by Chubby Checker becoming the #1 Billboard pop song of the year, followed by
Peppermint Twist
by Joey Dee and the Starliters at #5,
Slow Twistin'
by Dee Dee Sharp (1945-) at #36,
Dear Lady Twist
by Gary U.S. Bonds at #47,
Twistin' the Night Away
by Sam Cooke at #61,
Twist and Shout
by the Isley Brothers at #89, and
Twist, Twist Senora
by Gary U.S. Bonds at #98.
On Jan. 27 the Sat. afternoon series Professional Bowlers Tour
debuts on ABC-TV (until June 21, 1997), hosted by Bippus, Ind.-born sportscaster
Chris Schenkel (1923-2005)
and pro bowler William Joseph "Billy" Welu (1932-74);
after Welu dies of a sudden heart attack on May 16, 1974, Saint Louis, Mo.-born PBA Hall of Famer player
Nelson "Bo" Burton Jr. (1942-)
(son of hall-of-fame bowler Nelson Burton Sr.) takes his place.
On Jan. 29 U.S. manufacturing firms with $50K or more in federal contracts are ordered to report the number
of blacks on their payrolls.
On Jan. 30 two members of the
Flying Wallendas
high-wire act are killed when their 7-person pyramid collapses during a perf. in Detroit; they don't try it again for 15 years.
In Jan. after the South African govt. declares the African Nat. Congress (ANC) illegal, leader Nelson Mandela flees South Africa for the first time after being accused of
organizing illegal demonstrations, and ends up in London via Addis Ababa and Tanzania, then undergoes military training in Algeria before returning through E Africa and
getting arrested on Aug. 2 in Howick en route from Durban to Johannesburg and convicted of incitement to rebellion and sentenced to five years of hard labor, with his wife
Winnie becoming a spokeswoman for the ANC, getting her banned and restricted; Mandela ends behind bars for 27 years; undercover CIA agent
Donald c. Rickard
tipped off the South African govt. to arrest Mandela, claiming he is a dangerous Soviet agent,
"the world's most dangerous Communist outside of the Soviet Union", and is planning an uprising as
a prelude to a Soviet invasion, which would lead to a U.S.-Soviet conflict.
In Jan. CBS-TV airs
The Land Beyond the Wall: Three Weeks in a German City,
by reporter Daniel Schorr, which the New York Times calls a "journalist coup",
showing how residents of Russian cities such as Rostock have to be sealed
off from the West by the Soviet state in order for Communism to survive.
In Jan. rock and roll pioneer
Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck" Berry (1926-)
is sentenced to three years in prison under the infamous 1910 U.S. Mann Act for transporting
a 14-y.-o. girl across state lines.
In Jan. Harper's Mag. pub. Portrait of a Genius as a Young Chess Master,
an interview with 18-y.-o. Bobby Fischer by Ralph Ginzburg, which becomes his best interview and the last formal interview he gives until ?.
On Feb. 2 the govt. of Italian Christian Dem. PM Amintore Fanfani resigns to let in the left-wing Socialists of Pietro Nenni, beginning the
Apertura a Sinistra
(opening to the Left) period in Italy; on Feb. 21 the new govt. is formed, and lasts a whopping 15 mo. (until May, 1963); on May 6 Sardinian-born
former PM (1955-60) Antonio Segni (1891-1972) is elected pres. of Italy (until Dec. 6, 1964).
On Feb. 3 after sending fellow cigar smoker Pierre Salinger on a mission
to get him 1.2K green Petit Upmanns for his personal humidor, JFK orders the Cuban Embargo,
banning all U.S. trade with Cuba on Feb. 7 except for food and drugs; too bad, other countries don't follow suit.
On Feb. 4 the London Sunday Times becomes the first newspaper to print a color supplement.
On Feb. 4-5 a rare grand conjunction
of the five naked eye planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn plus the Sun and Moon occurs, aligning within a 16 deg. arc; the next
one occurs on May 5, 2000; the Soviets launch three 1,940-lb. spacecraft, Mars 1, 2, 3 for Mars, but they all fail to make it.
On Feb. 5 amid public outrage at the use of torture by French troops against Algerians, French pres. Charles de Gaulle calls for Algeria's independence, and on Mar. 8-12
France negotiates with the Algerian FLN in Geneva, Switzerland.
On Feb. 6 the U.S. Dept. of Commerce begins negotiations with U.S. Steel; on
Apr. 6 U.S. Steel signs an agreement with the United Steelworkers Union, brokered by JFK, promising not to raise steel prices; on Apr. 10 six major
U.S. steel producers led by U.S. Steel announce a $6/ton price hike, and Pres. Kennedy denounces them in a
press conference on Apr. 11, shifting defense contracts to cos. that didn't go along and
ordering his atty.-gen. brother RFK to begin a grand jury investigation of price fixing, subpoenaing steel exec expense accounts and dispatching
FBI agents to interview them, with the soundbyte "The American people will find it hard, as I do, to accept a situation in which a tiny handful of steel
executives whose pursuit of private power and profit exceeds their sense of public responsibility can show such utter contempt for the interests of
185 million Americans... Some time ago I asked each American to consider what he would do for his country and I asked the steel companies. In the
last 24 hours we had their answer", causing them to back down and lower prices on Apr. 13, after which Wall Street considers JFK to be their
enemy despite a pres. approval rating of 73% and public support of his stand by 58%-22%?
On Feb. 7 a coal mine gas explosion in Saarland, West Germany kills 299.
On Feb. 8 after leaving Le Havre on Feb. 3, the ocean liner SS France (launched May 11, 1960) arrives in
New York City on its maiden voyage; it is decommissioned on Oct. 25, 1974, sold to Norwegian Cruise Line in 1979, and scrapped in Alang, India in 2008.
On Feb. 10 the Soviet Union exchanges
captured U.S. U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers for Soviet Spy Col. Rudolph Ivanovich Abel, who has been in U.S. hands since 1957.
On Feb. 12 six members of the London Committee of 100 of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (formed 1960) are found guilty of breaching
the Official Secrets Act and jailed, only making them madder, after which they organize an anti-nuke demonstration in Red Square, Moscow;
too bad, in Sept. after some members get too radical and begin calling for the overthrow of the state, leader Bertrand Russell resigns and
joins the Welsh Committee of 100, causing the whole movement to dwindle, and it folds in Oct. 1968.
On Feb. 12-Mar 4 blacks boycott the buses in Macon, Ga.
On Feb. 14 First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy conducts a televised Tour of the White House
on CBS-TV and NBC-TV, which ABC-TV rebroadcasts on Feb. 18, becoming the first U.S. prime time documentary courting a female audience.
On Feb. 15 Urho K. Kekkonen is reelected pres. of Finland (until 1968).
On Feb. 15 the nat. council of Uruguay votes to retain diplomatic relations with Cuba to placate a large pro-Castro segment of the pop.
On Feb. 16 the North Sea Flood
sees heavy storms on the North Sea coast around Hamburg, Germany kill 300 and make thousands homeless.
On Feb. 16-17 the leftist Students for a Dem. Society (SDS)
and Boston SANE (Greater Boston Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy)
hold the first anti-nuclear march on Washington, D.C., attended by 4K-8K students; on June 15 the
Port Huron Statement is issued by the SDS - there is a Garden of Eden?
On Feb. 18 Robert F. Kennedy says that U.S. troops will stay in Vietnam until Communism is defeated; Gen.
Paul Donal "Ramrod" Harkins (1904-84) (a past chum and deputy chief of staff of Gen. George S. Patton Jr. in WWII)
heads the new Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG),
which reaches Vietnam this mo.; he defies orders of Pres. Kennedy to tell the plain truth in his reports and instead calls his daily situation reports "The Headway Report";
Harkins and ambassador Frederick Nolting launch the policy of "Sink or Swim with Ngo Dinh Diem", stifling criticism of his regime and torpedoing
subordinates who try to tell the truth; on Mar. 22 Harkins begins Operation Sunrise
to build a chain of fortified strategic hamlets
manned by home defense units run by Pres. Diem's brother Nhu; when guerrilla activity drops, Pres. Kennedy expands his command from 2K to 16K men, and upgrades its name to the
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV).
The original Dudley Doright Eagle Scout Lily-White Straight Married American Hero?
On Feb. 20 (Tue.) U.S. Marine Lt. Col. John Herschel Glenn Jr. (1921-2016) becomes the first American to orbit the Earth (3x)
in the Mercury Atlas 6 Friendship 7
capsule in a mission lasting 4 hr. 55 min. 23 sec., reaching an alt. of 162 mi., and uttering the soundbyte "Oh, that view is tremendous!"; the pop. of Perth,
Australia turn their lights on and off simultaneously as he passes over them, and he thanks them; he claims to see firefly-like objects swarming
over his capsule; after a "Landing Bag Deployed" light starts blinking, causing the heat shield to be suspected of being loose, the planned seven
orbits are scrapped, and he has to reenter without jettisoning the retro rockets so they will hold his heat shield on; on Mar. 1 he is given a
ticker tape parade
in New York City (3,529 tons of ticker tape); he is given a 2nd ticker tape parade on June 18, 1999;
Samuel Shenton (-1971), founder of the Flat Earth Society (1956) sends Glenn a telegram:
"OK wise guy"; in Jan. 1964 6 weeks after the assassination of personal friend JFK he retires from NASA to go into politics.
On Feb. 23 the European Space Agency (ESA) is formed by 12 Euro countries.
On Feb. 27 two planes bomb the pres. palace in Saigon, missing pres. Diem.
On Mar. 1 after its rudder separates from the tail, an Am. Airlines Boeing 707-123 jetliner crashes nose-first into
Jamaica Bay
near Idlewild Airport in New York City, killing all 95 aboard.
The Year that K-Mart Sucks is born, along with Target and Wal-Mart?
On Mar. 1 the first K-Mart (Kmart)
opens in Garden City (near Detroit), Mich., run by 63-y.-o. 5-and-10-cent store chain magnate
Sebastian Spering "S.S" Kresge (1867-1966),
becoming #2 in sales after Sears in 1977, then getting passed up by Wal-Mart in the 1980s; meanwhile on May 1 Dayton Hudson Corp. opens the first
Target
discount store in Roseville (near St. Paul), Minn., growing to 1K stores in 47 states by the end of the cent. and passing K-Mart also; meanwhile on July 2
Wal-Mart (Walmart), the first discount retailer is founded in Rogers, Ark. by Okla.-born former Ben Franklin store owner
Samuel Moore "Sam" Walton (1918-92),
incorporating as Wal-Mart Stores Inc. on Oct. 31, 1969, and growing into the biggest mega-corp. in history (4K stores in the U.S., 1.6M U.S. employees, 2.3M global employees,
global sales of $480B/year), putting ma-and-pop stores out of biz with a super-efficient mass-merchandising machine in every 1-horse town in the U.S. obsessed with offering the
lowest price in town every day on almost every item and underpaying employees, which are called associates to avoid labor laws, while the penny-pinching founder lives like an
avg. Joe, driving himself to pick up fast food, and giving his kids paltry allowances, even putting a slot machine in the attic to try and win it back?
On Mar. 2 a military coup in Burma led by Gen. Ne Win (1910-2002)
seizes control and arrests PM U Nu, after which No Win shows his style by ordering soldiers to massacre student protesters at Rangoon U. on July 7 (killing 100), then gives a radio speech on
July 8, uttering the soundbyte: "If these disturbances were made to challenge us, I declare that we will fight sword with sword and spear with spear", then closes all
univs. until Sept. 1964 - now Burma is in a ne-win situation?
On Mar. 2 To Serve Man,
season 3 episode 24 of The Twilight Zone (1959-64) based on a short story by Damon Knight is aired, starring
7'1" Richard Kiel (1939-) as a Kanamit, who comes to Earth and brings peace and plenty, then helps earthlings
visit his home planet, where they end up as tasty dishes, freaking out young Baby Boomers
permanently and giving them conflicting feelings about the space program?
On Mar. 3 the British Antarctic Territory
is formed; on Mar. 4 the AEC announces that the first atomic power plant in Antarctica is in operation.
On Mar. 3 peasants in Peru attempt to seize large landed estates, and by Mar. 4 govt. troops kill 18 before withdrawing to avoid further
bloodshed, after which the govt. allows Vicos
to become an independent community, with peasants allowed to purchase the land they had been cultivating for 368 years.
On Mar. 5 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules in Griggs v. Allegheny County
that airports must compensate people living in the near vicinity for noise and vibrations.
On Mar. 6 the U.S. promises Thailand assistance against Communist aggression.
On Mar. 6-8 the 1962 Ash Wed. Storm
batters the mid-Atlantic coast of the U.S., dumping 23.6 in. of snow, killing 40, injuring 1K, and causing hundreds of millions of dollars of property damage in six states,
becoming one of the 10 worst U.S. storms of the 20th cent.
On Mar. 7 JFK reduces tariff duties on 1K items to encourage foreign trade.
On Mar. 9 the U.S. Dept. of Labor establishes minimum wages for Mexican migrant workers.
On Mar. 12 after visiting Rome, where she talks with Pope John XIII in French, Jacqueline Kennedy and her sister Princess Lee Radziwill arrive in New Delhi on a 2-week goodwill tour.
On Mar. 13 JCS chmn. (1960-2) Gen. Lyman Louis Lemnitzer (1899-1988)
presents his plan for Operation Northwoods
to U.S. secy. of defense Robert McNamara, calling for false flag acts of terrorism in the Miami area to create support for military action against
Cuba; on Mar. 16 JFK told Lemnitzer that there is no way the U.S. will take military action against Cuba on his watch, after which Lemnitzer is
denied another term as JCS chmn., pissing-off the Pentagon and causing USAF chief of staff gen. Curtis LeMay on Oct. 19 to utter the soundybte:
"This is almost as bad as the appeasement at Munich"; in Jan. 1963 Lemnitzer is appointed Supreme Allied Cmdr. of NATO (until July 1969) - giving them
a reason to get revenge as well as stop a pinko in the White House?
On Mar. 15 exiled PM Moise Tshombe begins negotiations to return to the Congo, after which on Apr. 6 Belgium reestablishes diplomatic relations with it.
On Mar. 16 Flying Tiger Line Flight 739,
a U.S. Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation chartered by the U.S. military disappears over the W Pacific Ocean, losing all 107 aboard.
On Mar. 17 Moscow asks the U.S. to pull out of South Vietnam - what if they say no?
On Mar. 17 the Chicago River in Chicago, Ill. is dyed green, beginning a tradition.
On Mar. 18 France and Algeria sign the Evian (Évian) Agreement (Accords)
in Evian-les-Bains, France, ending the 7-year Algerian War, with France agreeing to pull out of Algeria, ending 132 years of French rule; on Mar. 19 an armistice in Algeria begins,
ending the Algerian War of Independence (begun Nov. 1, 1954),
although the OAS continues terrorist attacks against traitor Algerians, exploding a bomb on May 2, killing 110 and injuring 147 total; on Apr. 8 a nat. referendum in France approves
the accords by 90%-10%; on May 20 the French begin an airlift to evacuate Europeans from Algiers; on May 29 negotiations between the OAS and FLN cause a real armistice in Algeria,
which is signed on June 17; too bad, on June 18 the OAS announces that it will continue to fight; on June 30 the last French Foreign Legion troops leave Algeria; on July 1
Charles de Gaulle recognizes Algerian independence, and on July 3 the U.S. recognizes it; on July 31 Algeria declares independence; war losses since 1954 total 30K French and 1.5M Algerians;
1M Europeans are repatriated; on Sept. 15, 1963 FLN founder (1954) Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella (1916-2012)
(released from priz soon after the truce is signed, after which he uses Communist tactics to eliminate all opposition) becomes pres. #1 Algerian Socialist Repub. (until June 19, 1965),
and is recognized by the U.S. on Sept. 29 even though he openly courts Commie support, and 76 FLN vets are sent to Cuba to train terrorists; longtime Algerian nationalist leader
Ahmed Messali Hadj (1898-1974) tries to create a party in opposition to the FLN, and ends up in exile in Paris for life;
meanwhile on Mar. 23 de Gaulle orders the French army to stage an all-out war against the French right-wing anti-independence OAS and its four leader generals, causing the arrest of gen.
Edmond Jouhaud (1905-95) in Oran on Mar. 24, followed on Apr. 20 by gen.
Raoul Albin Louis Salan (1899-1984)
in Algiers; on Apr. 13 Jouhaud is sentenced by a military tribunal in Paris to death, followed on May 23 by Salan, who gets it reduced to life in priz, and released in 1968; politician
Pierre Lagaillard (1931-),
who was arrested in Madrid last Oct. is exiled to the Canary Islands, then pardoned in 1968;
Jean-Jacques Susini (1933-)
hides out in Italy while attempting to assassinate Charles de Gaulle, getting twice condemned to death in absentia, then returns to France after the 1968 amnesty; in June WWII Resistance
leader and PM (1949-50) Gen. Georges-Augustin Bidault (1899-1983)
(who claims not to belong to the OAS) is accused of conspiracy against the state and stripped of parliamentary immunity, fleeing to Brazil, followed in 1967 by Belgium, then returning to
France in 1968 after an amnesty; it takes until 1999 for France to officially call the "operation to maintain order" a "war"; in 1963 the Soviets send experts to Algeria to rid it of
hundreds of thousands of French land mines.
On Mar. 21 after the govt. of South Korea prohibits 4K+ former political prisoners (all members of previous regimes) from participating in politics for 6 years, pres. (since 1960)
Posun Yung resigns in protest, and on Mar. 24 Park becomes pres., instituting a 5-year plan to increase agricultural output and electrical power and reduce unemployment, replacing the
hwan ($0.0077 U.S.) with the new won ($0.077 U.S.).
On Mar. 22 J. Edgar Hoover lunches with Pres. Kennedy and tells him about 70 wiretapped phone calls between him and mob moll
Judith Campbell Exner (nee Inmoor) (1934-99),
who were introduced in Las Vegas by Frank Sinatra in 1960, after which he breaks off the relationship and it is covered up until 1975.
On Mar. 23 the Scandinavian states of the Nordic Council sign the Helsinki Convention on Nordic Cooperation.
On Mar. 26 France shortens its term for military service from 26 to 18 mo.
On Mar. 26 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Baker v. Carr
that redistricting issues are judiciable in federal courts and not a political question, and that the constitutional right of equal protection requires
"one man, one vote", and that the Tenn. legislature was wrong in giving overrepresentation to small towns and rural areas vis a vis cities, giving
federal courts the power to order reapportionment of seats in a state legislature; Earl Warren claims it as his most important decision as chief justice,
while dissenter Felix Frankfurter utters the soundbyte: "Courts ought not to enter this political thicket".
On Mar. 26-Apr. 3 the Third Composers' Congress
in the Soviet Union (1948, 1957) lays down the party line.
On Mar. 28 the U.S. Air Force announces research into the use of lasers to intercept missiles and satellites - cut off a tail fin?
On Mar. 29 Jack Paar hosts NBC's Tonight Show for the final time (no rerun tape is saved), and rotating hosts take over until Oct. 1, when comedian
John William "Johnny" Carson (1925-2005)
takes the job (until 1992), with first guests Joan Crawford, Tony Bennett, Rudy Vallee, Groucho Marx, and Mel Brooks;
Edward Leo Peter "Ed" McMahon Jr. (1923-2009)
becomes the announcer, uttering the soundbyte "Heeeeere's Johnny!"; Paul Anka writes
Johnny's Theme
(a reworking of his "Toot Sweet", renamed "It's Really Love", which Annette Funicello recorded in 1959),
and splits royalties with Johnny; Carson's first guest is Groucho Marx, and no rerun tape is saved;
saxophonist Tommy Newsom (1929-2007)
joins the show, rising to asst. music dir. and becoming known for his drab suits and gaining the nickname
"Mr. Excitement", once answering "vapor lock" when asked by Carson why he always clasps his hands behind
his back, bringing down the house; in May 1972 the show moves from New York City to "beautiful downtown Burbank"
in Calif.
On Mar. 29 Cuba opens the trial of the Bay of Pigs invaders; on Apr. 8 they are sentenced to 30 years
imprisonment in Cuba.
On Mar. 29 Jose Maria Guido (1910-75)
becomes pres. #33 of Argentina (until Oct. 12, 1963).
On Mar. 31 the
United Farm Workers Union (UFW)
is organized by
Cesar Chavez
(1927-93) (on his birthday) and
Dolores Huerta
(1930-);
it is originally called the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee; in
1965 Huerta directs the Calif. table grape boycott, which ends in a 3-year
collective bargaining agreement in 1970.
On Apr. 3 PM (since 1947)
Jawaharlal Nehru
(1889-1964) is reelected PM of India (until May 27, 1964).
On Apr. 6 conductor Leonard Bernstein makes
podium remarks
at a New York Philharmonic concert about Canadian pianist
Glenn Herbert Gould
(1932-82), who is about to perform Brahms' 1st Piano Concerto in D Minor
in a novel way (taking a record 53 min., way slower than customary), saying
"What am I doing conducting it?" and "In a concerto, who is the boss, the
soloist or the conductor?", after which critics pan the performance but
blame Bernstein for it despite disassociating himself, causing Gould to
retire from concerts in 1964, after which he prefers to stay in the
recording studio; Gould is later vindicated? - like anybody cares what highbrows
think about highbrow crap?
On Apr. 8 a time bomb aboard the British liner
Dara
explodes, and it sinks in the Persian Gulf, killing 236.
On Apr. 9 the 34th Academy Awards
awards the best picture Oscar for 1961 to United Artists' (Mirisch Pictures and B&P Enterprises) West Side Story, along with best dir.
to Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise, best supporting actor to George Chakiris, and best supporting actress to Rita Moreno;
best actor goes to Maximillian Schell for Judgment at Nuremberg, and best actress to Sophia Loren for Two Women.
On Apr. 10 Beatles founding member, bassist and Ray Ban-wearing artist
Stuart Fergusson Victor Sutcliffe (b. 1940)
dies in Hamburg, Germany of a brain hemorrhage from a fractured skull suffered in a fight in Jan. 1961 in Lathom Hall, England,
for which he refused medical attention; the Beatles return to Hamburg from Apr. 13-May 31, playing at the opening of the
Star Club, then sign
with Parlophone Records
(founded in Germany in 1896) on Sept. 15, which goes on to release the Beatles' first eight albums.
On Apr. 12 the concentration camp clone Ile de la Cite Memorial to the Martyrs of the Deportation
is inaugurated by Charles de Gaulle to commemorate the 200K French nationals deported to concentration camps in WWII; no specific mention is made of Jews.
On Apr. 14 French PM (since 1958) Michel Debre resigns, and Charles de Gaulle appoints
Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (1911-74)
as PM #2 of the Fifth Repub. (until July 10, 1968).
On Apr. 14 a Cuban military tribunal convicts 1,179 Bay of Pigs invaders.
On Apr. 16 Walter Leland Cronkite Jr. (1916-2009)
succeeds Douglas Edwards as anchorman of the CBS Evening News (until 1981), going on to become the most trusted
man in U.S. journalism, and the most influential man in the U.S., known for the soundbyte "And that's the way it is"; on Sept. 2, 1963 the show
expands from 15 min. to 30 min., a first - Great White Father on the Evening Boob Tube?
On Apr. 16 Bolivia cancels diplomatic ties with Chile over their 23-year spat concerning the use of the waters of the Lauca River.
On Apr. 16 after JFK passes over the first African-Am. federal judge (1937-9)
William Henry Hastie Jr. (1904-76)
(teacher at Howard U. of Thurgood Marshall) for being too conservative, claiming that he will appoint him later, Ft. Collins, Colo.-born
U. of Colo. football star and deputy U.S. atty.-gen. Byron Raymond "Whizzer" White (1917-2002)
becomes U.S. Supreme Court justice #93 (until June 28, 1993) to fill the vacancy left by Ike's appointee Charles Evans Whittaker (1957-1962),
becoming the first U.S. Supreme Court law clerk to make it (for Fred M. Vinson), and first justice from Colo.; on Sept. 28
U.S. labor secy. #9 (since Jan. 21, 1961) Arthur Joseph Goldberg (1908-90)
becomes the 94th justice (until July 26, 1965), replacing retiring Jewish justice Felix Frankfurter (d. 1965), becoming the 2nd Jewish justice.
On Apr. 18 the Commonwealth Immigrants Act
ends free immigration to the U.K. by citizens of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations - nationwide is on your side?
On Apr. 21-Oct. 21 the 1962 Seattle World's Fair ("Century 21") in Seattle, Wash.
features the 605 ft. (184m) Space Needle,
designed by Am. architect John Graham Jr. (1908-91).
whose roof is painted Galaxy Gold; the observation deck is at 520 ft. (160m); the rotating
SkyCity (originally Eye of the Needle) Restaurant is at 500 ft. (150m).
On Apr. 26 the NASA Ranger 4 spacecraft crash-lands on the Moon.
On Apr. 26 6K univ. students march on the Japanese Diet in protest of the new Japanese-U.S. Treaty of Mutual Security, which is up for ratification.
On Apr. 28 Norway decides to apply for full membership in the European Economic Community (EEC).
On Apr. 29 JFK and Jackie give a White House black tie dinner for 49 Nobel Prize winners and other prominent intellectuals incl. J. Robert Oppenheimer, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Robert Frost,
James Baldwin, Katherine Anne Porter, Diana Trilling, and William Styron; JFK utters the soundbyte:
"This is the most extraordinary collection of talent, of human knowledge, that has ever gathered at the White House, with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone."
In Apr. African ministers meet in Casablanca, and agree not to establish an African Common Market, but instead to establish a payments union and development bank.
On May 3 a train crashes into the wreckage of another collision between an inbound freight train and an outbound commuter train near
Tokyo, Japan, killing 163 and injuring 400.
On May 4 the Movieland Wax Museum
in Buena Park, Calif. is founded by Allen Parkinson (1919-2002),
inventor of Sleep-Eze, with a giant copy of Michelangelo's dangly "David" outside, becoming the largest wax museum in the U.S. and
a top Calif. tourist attraction, drawing 1.2M visitors a year; it closes on Oct. 31, 2005.
On May 5 12 East Germans escape under the Berlin Wall via a tunnel.
On May 5 Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana declares a gen. amnesty for refugees and orders the release of political prisoners.
On May 6 in the first test of its kind, the submerged submarine
USS Ethan Allen (SSBN 608)
fires a Polaris missile armed with a nuclear warhead that detonates above the Pacific Ocean, becoming the only nuclear-armed POLARIS missile launched
before the ban on atmospheric testing.
On May 8 the U.S. Dept. of Justice goes to court to halt racial segregation in hospitals built with federal funds.
On May 13 Indian East-meets-West philosopher (1st vice-pres. in 1952) Savepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975)
becomes pres. #2 of India (until May 13, 1967).
On May 14 in Athens Juan Carlos I of Spain (1938-) marries
Princess Sophia (1938-) of Greece, who gives up her right to succession to
the Greek throne - Spanish olives are as good as Greek?
On May 19 (Sat.) Marilyn Monroe sings a sultry rendition of
Happy Birthday, Mister President
to her secret lover Pres. Kennedy at a Dem. fundraiser in Madison Square Garden attended by 17K incl. Jack Benny, Maria Callas, Ella Fitzgerald, Jimmy Durante,
and Peggy Lee, while wearing a dress described as "skin and beads" by Adlai Stevenson
(her last pubic, er, public appearance); the dress by Jean Louis is auctioned
for $1.15M by Christie's auction house on Oct. 27, 1999; after hearing that Marilyn
would be at the party, Jackie utters the soundbyte "Screw Jack" and refuses to attend; a
photo
of Marilyn and JFK taking after the song becomes the only one of the two to survive after the Secret Service
confiscates all the others but misses this one because it was left in the negatives dryer; it is not pub.
until June 1, 2010 - did she hum it for him again in private?
On May 20 Pres. Kennedy gave a nationally-televised speech
before 20K at Madison Square Garden in New York City, advocating a Medicare program for the elderly, with the soundbyte:
"The fact of the matter is that what we are now talking about doing, most of the countries of Europe did years ago. The British did it 30 years ago.
We are behind every country, pretty nearly, in Europe, in this matter of medical care for our citizens."
If I were a carpenter, and you were a cake walker?
On May 24 Mercury astronaut Malcolm Scott Carpenter (1925-2013)
becomes the 2nd American to orbit the Earth aboard Aurora 7
(3x total); meanwhile astronaut Donald Kent "Deke" Slayton (1924-93)
is removed from the program for a heart condition, becoming dir. of NASA flight crew operations, but gets to go to space in 1975 when it's more of a cakewalk.
On May 30 JFK dedicates the USS Arizona Memorial
in Pearl Harbor, designed by Austrian-born Alfred Preis (1911-93),
who was interned in Sand Island after the 1941 Pearl Harbor attack as a Germanic alien; it is criticized as a "squashed milk carton",
which Preis counters by claiming it shows defeat being turned into victory; on May 5, 1989 it is dedicated as a nat. historic landmark.
On May 27 the Orient Express (Paris-Bucharest-Istanbul) (founded 1883) makes its last trip - Bond, James Bond?
On May 31/June 1 Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann (b. 1906)
is hanged in Ramle Prison in Jerusalem; Jewish philosopher Martin Buber calls it a "mistake of historical dimension"; meanwhile a Swiss law
is passed requiring banks to catalog all unknown accounts to locate
assets of Jews killed in the Holocaust, after which only $2M is located.
In May Nikita Khrushchev gets the bright idea
of putting intermediate-range nuclear misiles in Cuba to counter the U.S. lead in strategic missiles and protect it from another Bay of Pigs invasion.
In May the comic book series The Incredible Hulk
is debuted by Marvel Comics, created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, about a Jekyl-Hyde char. of the Hulk and his alter ego, mild-mannered physicist Bruce Banner.
On June 2 the Internat. Control Commission on Indochina reports
that North Vietnam is supplying Viet Cong rebels in violation of the 1954 Geneva Convention on Vietnam; the Polish reps. don't sign the report.
On June 3 Air France Flight 007, a Chateau de Sully chartered Air France Boeing 707 crashes at
Orly Airport in Paris, killing 130 of 122 passengers and 10 crew, incl. 106 civil and cultural leaders from Atlanta, Ga. - so what was wrong with dirigibles?
On June 6 JFK gives the Commencement Address at the U.S. Military Academy
at West Point, N.Y., followed on June 11 by the Commencement Address at Yale U.,
where he is awarded an honorary doctorate, starting with the soundbyte: "Now I have the best of both worlds, a Harvard education and a Yale degree";
after noting that the federal govt. has not grown as fast as the economy, he argues for a more activist role, with the soundbyte:
"The truth about big government is the truth about any other great activity - it is complex.
Certainly it is true that size brings dangers, but it is also true that size can bring benefits."
On June 6 JFK signs Nat. Security Memorandum 160,
ordering the installation of Permissive Action Links (PALs)
as safeties in all U.S. nukes in Europe; too bad, out of concern that they might prevent their use when needed, U.S. Minuteman missiles use the code 00000000 (eight zeros) until 1977;
it takes until 1987 to install them on all U.S. nukes.
On June 6-7 the world nonstop (without refueling) airplane record is upped to 11,337.76 mi. by Boeing B-52H Capt.
William M. Stevenson
in Seymour-Johnson, N.C.
On June 7 the cabinet of Pakistani pres. Mohammed Ayub Khan resigns after 44 mo. (1958), and on June 8 Khan announces a return to constitutional
govt., signing legislation on July 16 reestablishing political parties, incl. the orthodox Muslim Jamaat-i-Islami Party and the Muslim League.
On June 11/12 (night) the Big Alcatraz Escape
sees IQ-133 Frank Lee Morris (1926-),
John William Anglin (1930-),
and brother bank robber Clarence Anglin (1931-)
make the first escape from supposedly escape-proof Alcatraz federal prison in San Francisco Bay; their fate is not officially
resolved (until ?), and the prison is shut down next year; on Oct. 14, 2013 three men
duplicate the escape for charity.
On June 14 $65/week 55-y.-o. divorced Back Bay, Boston, Mass. seamstress
Anna E. Slesers (b. 1907)
is found, becoming the first known victim of the Boston Strangler, known for getting women to let them into their apts., with the Sunday Herald
pub. the July 8 headline "A mad strangler is loose in Boston", and the Record American giving him the final name in 1963; the last of
13 single women between ages 19-85 is murdered on Jan. 4, 1964.
On June 18 in Canada the Conservative Party loses its parliamentary majority in the nat. elections.
On June 22 King Sisavang Vathana of Laos installs the new coalition govt. under an amended constitution permitting him to bypass the
nat. assembly, and new PM Prince Souvanna Phouma declares that Laos no longer recognizes the protection of SEATO; on July 23 the 14-nation
Geneva Conference on Laos,
co-chaired by Britain and the Soviet Union pledges to guarantee the neutrality and independence of Laos, and forbids the U.S. from invading E Laos,
site of the Ho Chi Minh Trail, although nothing prevents them from flying over it and accidentally dropping bombs?; the Pentagon regards JFK's
role in the agreement as a surrender to the Communists, and goes on to undermine the declaration of neutrality by supporting Phouma's violations
of the ceasefire; on Sept. 17-Oct. 5 the U.S. withdraws its military forces in accord with the Geneva agreement.
On June 25 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-1 in Engel v. Vitale
that the use of a 22-word unofficial, nondenominational prayer in New York public schools is unconstitutional after Engel, a Jewish resident of Long Island, N.Y.,
backed by the Am. Jewish Congress, ACLU, and the Ethical Cultural Society sue to have the Regents Prayer ("Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence on Thee,
and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country") banned from New York Public Schools, even as a recommendation; a public outcry
follows, led by N.C. Sen. Sam Ervin, who issues the soundbyte: "The Supreme Court has made God unconstitutional",
Pres. Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), "a disintegration of one of the most sacred of American heritages", Ala. Rep. George Andrews,
"They put the Negroes in the schools, and now they've driven God out", and topped by Rev. Billy Graham: "This is another step towards the secularization of the
United States... the framers of our Constitution meant we were to have freedom of religion, not freedom from religion";
MLK Jr. calls it "a sound and good decision reaffirming something that is basic in our Constitution, namely separation of church and state".
On June 25 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-1 in Manual Enterprises v. Day
that photos of nude men are not obscene, decriminalizing nude male porno mags., becoming a straight 6 V for gays.
On June 25 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-2 in
Robinson v. Calif.
to strike down a Calif. law that criminalized being addicted to narcotics, becoming its first decision interpreting the Eighth Amendment
to prohibit criminalization of particular acts as opposed to prohibiting the use of a particular form of punishment for a crime, with
dissenting Justice Byron White writing that the court is "imposing its own philosophical predilections" on the state in this exercise of judicial power,
although its historic "allergy to substantive due process" would never permit it to strike down a state's economic regulatory law in such a manner;
Justice Felix Frankfurter recuses himself.
On June 26-27 steel workers in Italy strike for higher wages and a 5-day workweek.
On June 27 Texarkana, Tex.-born Henry Ross Perot (1930-) founds his govt. contracting co.
Electronic Data Systems (EDS), pioneering outsorcing in 1967 before floating it on the stock market
and becoming a billionaire; in 1984 he sells it to Gen. Motors, then founds Perot Systems
in 1988, which is acquired by Dell Computers in 2009; meanwhile EDS is acquired by Hewlett-Packard for $13.9B - sound effects man, can you queue the coins now?
On June 28 radio personality John Henry Faulk (1913-90),
who was fired by CBS-Radio in Sept. 1957 as an alleged Communist wins his libel lawsuit against blacklisting service
AWARE Inc.
with financial backing from Edward R. Murrow using Jewish-Am. atty. Luis Nizer (1902-94),
obtaining a record $3.5M judgment that is reduced to $550K on appeal, ending the entertainment industry's blacklisting policy.
In June the U.S. Supreme Court voids the sentences of six Freedom Riders convicted in La. of trying to desegregate a bus terminal.
In June after Indian troops cross in Oct. 1959 in order to establish posts on the Lanak Pass, a border war erupts between China and India in the
Kongka La (Pass) low ridge pass in the Himalayas (Aksai Chin in China, Ladakh in India),
leading to a battle on Sept. 21, followed on Oct. 20 by the Sino-Indian Border Conflict (War) (1st Indo-China War)
as Chinese Communist forces invade India, causing Indian pres. Nehru to ask for U.S. military aid on Oct. 29, then dismiss defense minister
V.K. (Vengalil Krishnan) Krishna Menon (1896-1974) on Oct. 31 and assume his post;
too bad, the U.S. and U.K. refuse to sell India advanced weaponry, forcing them to turn to the Soviet Union, who supply them with advanced MiG fighters, which they never deploy; on Nov. 18
the Battle of Rezang La 11 mi. of the Spanggur Gap that divides China and India sees the
Indian 13 Kumaon Regiment led by Maj. Shaitan Singh (b. 1924) make their last stand,
with 114 of 120 Indian soldiers KIA vs. 1.3K Chinese soldiers; Sing is posth. awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest millitary decoration;on Nov. 19
as Indian troops retreat from a massive Chinese attack, Nehru asks JFK for further military aid, and on Nov. 21 the U.S. sends transport planes with U.S. crews, causing
China to unexpectedly order a ceasefire along the Indian border on Nov. 21 and offer to withdraw its troops back of the "lines of actual control" existing on Nov. 7, 1959; on Dec. 14 after Nehru
rejects the Chinese offers, India announces that the Chinese are beginning a massive troop withdrawal from the NE frontier region, after which neither country patrols this part of the border.
In June a police attack on the Faizieh Theological School in Qom, Iran kick-starts the rebellion of fundamentalist Shiite imam
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902-89) against the shah.
On July 1 London, England is plagued by heavy smog.
On July 1 the 62% Roman Catholic, 10% Muslim, 5% Protestant and 23% pagan U.N. trust territory of Ruanda-Burundi in EC Africa, known for the super-tall
cattle-owning aristocratic (Hamitic) Tutsi (Watutsi) (Batutsi) (14%), the normal size agricultural Hutu (Bantu) (85%) (really same ethnic group
with economic-based distinctions, exacerbated in 1933 by a Belgian reqt. for ID cards, along with Hutu Roman Catholicism?), and the Pygmy Twa
(1%) is divided into the independent nations of 10K sq. mi. Rwanda
(capital Kigali) and 11K sq. mi. Burundi (capital Bujumbura on the N shore of Lake Tanganyika); after leading the
Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu (PARMETHUTU)
against the aristocratic Tutsi, Roman Catholic ethnic Hutu Gregoire Kayibanda (1924-76)
becomes pres. of Rwanda (until July 5, 1973); Burundi becomes a kingdom under Tutsi mwami (king) (since Dec. 16, 1915)
Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng (1912-70)
(until July 8, 1966); too bad, next year Rwandan Tutsis begin a war against Burundi (until 1967).
On July 1 gen. elections in Japan retain the Liberal Dem. Party majority in the Diet, and on
July PM Ikeda replaces 13 of 16 cabinet members; cabinet secy. (future PM 1978-80)
Masayoshi Ohira (1910-80)
becomes foreign minister (until 1964), replacing Zentaro Kosaka.
On July 3
Jackie Robinson (1919-72)
becomes the first African-Am. to be inducted into the Nat. Baseball Hall of Fame.
On July 6 the U.S. tests a 104 kiloton nuclear device in Nevada in Project Sedan of
Project Plowshare,
blowing a hole 1,280 ft. wide and 320 ft. deep in an attempt to see if
nukes can be used for excavation - just big enough for a Wal-Mart?
On July 6 The Late Late Show
debuts in Dublin, Ireland, hosted (until 1999) by
Gabriel Mary "Gay" Byrne
(1934-), who goes on to merilly open up gay taboo topics incl.
birth control, abortion, and homosexuality.
On July 7 Little Feller I,
a Small Boy nuke is tested in the atmosphere at the Nevada Test Site, followed by
Little Feller II,
becoming the last atmospheric A-bomb tests at the Nevada Test Site.
On July 9 Pittsburgh, Penn.-born multimedia Pop artist-photographer Andy Warhol (Andrew Warhola) (1928-87)
(a master of silkscreen paintings based on photos) holds his first West Coast exhibition in the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles, Calif., followed on Nov. 6-24 by an exhibition
at Eleanor Ward's Stable Gallery in New York City, featuring his creations "Marilyn Diptych", "100 Soup Cans", "100 Coke Bottles", and "100 Dollar Bills".
On July 10 (night) the Bell Labs Telstar I,
the world's first privately-funded commercial communication satellite is launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla.,
carrying 12 voice circuits with a combined throughput of 768K bps; on July 23 (2:58 p.m.) the first
transatlantic TV broadcast,
relayed from Andover, Maine to Goonhilly, Cornwall and Pleumeur-Boudou, France is seen by millions,
starting with a split screen of the Statue of Liberty and Eiffel Tower, followed by Walter Cronkite saying
"Good evening Europe. This is the North American continent live via AT&T Telstar, July 23, 1962";
although the first images were supposed to be of JFK in a trans-Atlantic press conference in Washington, D.C.
on nuclear testing and the devaluation of the dollar, he isn't ready on time so a ML ballgame between the
Philadelphia Phillies and Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field actually shows Ernie Banks first, with BBC broadcaster
Richard Dimbleby uttering the soundbyte: "There is a face - it's a man's face!" (and yes, it's black),
becoming the first expore to baseball for many Europeans; after Philly's Tony Taylor flies-out and Johnny Callison
hits a single to right field at the top of the 3rd inning, the signal is switched to JFK's press conference, which
is already in the Q/A phase; at 6:00 p.m. after live scenes from the U.S.-Mexico border at Juarez, Niagara Falls,
the World's Fair in Seattle, Wash., the U.N. HQ in New York City, a chat with NASA astronauts at Cape Canaveral, Fla.,
a rehearsal of Shakespeare's "Macbeth" at the Shakespeare Festival in Stratford, Ont., a close-up of Mount Rushmore in S.D. and the singing
of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, the Euro program opens with live shots of Big Ben in London and a welcome
from Brussels, Belgium by Richard Dimbleby of BBC-TV; in Nov. Telestar's electronics fail due to radiation, then come back online until Feb. 21, 1963;
meanwhile this year the U.K. transmits the first color TV pictures via satellite.
On July 12 the Chelsea blues band The Rolling Stones play their
first gig at the Marquee Club
at 165 Oxford St., London; their first single is a cover of the Chuck Berry song "Come On"; members eventually incl.
Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger (1943-) (vocals),
Keith Richards (1943-) (guitar),
Brian (Lewis Brian Hopkins) Jones (1942-69) (guitar),
Ian Andrew Robert Stewart (1938-85) (piano),
Bill Wyman (William George Perks) (1936-) (bass), and
Charles Robert "Charlie" Watts (1941-) (drums);
the group is named for the Muddy Waters song "Rollin' Stone".
On July 13 British PM Harold Macmillan dismisses one-third of his cabinet, becoming known as the Night of the Long Knives.
On July 13 the Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting
is set up to study British broadcasting, chaired by Sir William Henry "Harry" Pilkington (1905-83),
and it produces a white paper that criticizes British TV, calling for it to set up an Independent TV Authority (ITA) to buy programs from independent cos.,
launch a UHF channel, dump 4-5 line B&W TV, and introduce 625-line color TV; it also concludes that the British public doesn't want commercial
radio broadcasting.
On July 20 France and Tunisia reestablish diplomatic relations.
On July 22 the NASA Mariner 1
rocket bound for Venus has to be blasted apart when it begins veering off course 9 min. after launch; the problem is later traced to the omission of a hyphen from the
flight computer's program; the failed project costs $18.5M - the most expensive hyphen so far in history?
On July 23 Marshal Tito declares that liberalism and deviationism will no longer be tolerated in Yugoslavia - like it ever had been?
On July 24 the Israeli Knesset by 42-15 bans
pig-raising in Israel except in Nazareth and six other majority Christian areas; after a loophole is discovered allowing pigs to be raised for
research, a pig farm is established in Kibbutz Lahav (founded 1952)
in the N Negev N of Beersheba.
On July 25 Puerto Rico become a commonwealth of the U.S.
On July 26 the U.N. Security Council votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 172 to admit Rwanda; on
July 26 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 173 to admit Burundi; on
Sept. 12 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 174 to admit Jamaica; on
sept. 11 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 175 to admit Trinidad and Tobago; on
Oct. 4 it votes 11-0-1 (China) for Resolution 176 to admit Algeria; on
Oct. 15 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 177 to admit Uganda.
On July 28 a locust swarm narrowly avoids New Delhi.
On July 28 a Penn. Railroad special train loaded with baseball fans jumps the track along the Susquehanna River in
Steelton, Penn., killing 25 and injuring 120.
On July 30 the $1B 7,821km Trans-Canada Highway
(Victoria, B.C. to St. John's, Newfoundland) (begun 1950) opens; it takes until 1970 to finishing paving 3km of it - don't say Trans-Canadian or Father Alex will tag you?
On July 31 a fascist rally by the Union Movement of Sir Oswald Mosley in London is attacked by a crowd.
In July Pres. Kennedy installs a White House Taping System,
which Pres. Nixon later falls in love with; too bad, it proves a fickle mistress - and why didn't he just erase the tapes?
In July France opens negotiations with Sudan over Bizerte (ends Oct. 1963).
In July Fidel Castro's hardline brother Raul visits the Soviet Union, receiving a promise of Soviet missiles to be installed in Cuba.
On Aug. 5 (Sun.) after telling Peter Lawford "Say goodbye to Pat, to the president, and to yourself, you're such a nice guy",
Marilyn Monroe (b. 1926)
was found dead in her Brentwood, Calif. deluxe hacienda-style cottage at 12305 Fifth Helena Dr. at the end of a cul-de-sac, with a telephone in one hand and bottle of sleeping pills in the other,
according to AP; her pshrink Ralph Greenson finds her dead; neighbors allegedly reported seeing an ambulance in front of her cottage the evening before, along with a heli hovering overhead
and loud voices and breaking glass inside; others allegedly hear a hysterical woman in the early a.m. screaming "Murderers, you murderers, are you satisfied now that she's dead?";
Bobby Kennedy visited her that night, and she told him that she had been "passed around like a piece of meat", and he
smothered her with a pillow to stop her screams?; an ambulance took her away breathing and brought her back dead?; she spent her
last night alive
at Frank Sinatra's lodge with Mafia boss Sam Giancana after being picked up and dropped off by hair stylist George Masters?;
a plastic yellow duck floats in her pool, beside which hang antique wind chimes donated by Carl Sandburg; Allan Abbot and Ron Hast, the two
morticians
who prepare her for burial find hairy legs, false teeth, and purple blotches all over her face; a few weeks earlier 20th Cent. Fox studio boss Peter G. Levathes fired her from
Something's Got to Give (a remake of the 1940 film "My Favorite Wife", co-starring Dean Martin after Gardner McCay turned down the part),
slapped her with a $500K breach of contract lawsuit and replaced her with Lee Remick;
after she was fired from the film, Aristotle Onassis offered her the use of his yacht Christina for R&R; she willed 75% of her estate
to her acting coach Lee Strasberg, and 25% to her pshrink Marianne Kris, which was contested by her business mgr. Inez Melson due to her being under their "undue influence";
"Over the Rainbow" was played at her funeral; she was buried in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in W Los Angeles, after which ex-hubby Joe DiMaggio sent a half-dozen red roses to
her crypt three times a week for 20 years and never remarried; she was buried in Corridor of Memories #24, a pink marble crypt, which Hugh Hefner owns the rights to the crypt next to;
after an autopsy by Los Angeles deputy coroner (1961-7) Thomas T. Noguchi (1927-) (who became chief coroner in 1967-82, and performed
autopsies on RFK and Sharon Tate, becoming known as "Coroner to the Stars"), her death was ruled a probable suicide from an OD of sleeping pills because a concentration of Nembutal (Pentobarbital)
equal to 90+ pills was found in her blood, although no pills are found in her stomach and no drinking glass in her room; in 1972 Veronica Hamel bought her Brentwood cottage, and
found sophisticated bugging equipment in every room, probably installed
by the FBI, which cost her $100K to remove; her death was connected to that of Dorothy Kilgallen, and they were both orchestrated by RFK for
threatening to expose JFK's dirty deals with Cuba?; was it really a mob hit ordered by JFK for threatening to rat about their love affair by publishing her diary, which is never found?;
was it caused by her doctor prescribing a chloral hydrate suppository thinking she had been weaned off Nembutal and not knowing that another doctor had refilled her prescription?';
her cottage is purchased in 1994 by film dir. Michael Ritchie for $995K.
On Aug. 6 Jamaica gains independence, with historian Eric Eustace Williams (1911-81) as pres. #1 (until 1981), and
Sir Alexander Bustamante (1884-1977) as PM #1 (until 1967).
On Aug. 14 robbers hold up a U.S. mail truck in Plymouth, Mass., making off with more than $1.5M.
On Aug. 15 22-y.-o. Chinese soldier Lei Feng (b. 1940) dies after a telephone pole falls on him, and is seized on by the Chinese Communist Party as
the ideal soldier and model citizen (until ?).
On Aug. 16 Algeria joins the Arab League.
On Aug. 16 Brian Epstein drops Madras-born drummer Pete Best (the best-looking one who has the most girl fans, but whose curly hair doesn't adapt to the new
mop-top Beatles haircut), then on Sept. 11 the Beatles record their first tracks
for EMI Studios with new drummer (who brings them to a whole new level) Ringo Starr (Richard Starkey) (1940-)
(formerly of Rory Storm and the Hurricanes) taking his place; he played his first gig with them on Aug. 18; girl fans shout "Pete forever, Ringo never!" until the Beatles get more popular;
meanwhile Best's solo career flops and his looks wither, and he ends up as a forklift driver in a London warehouse, and a baker working for £8 a week - Best Bakers?
On Aug. 17 18-y.-o. bricklayer Peter Fechter (b. 1944)
is killed by East German guards while attempting to cross the Berlin Wall into West Berlin, after which they step and fetch him?
On Aug. 15 U.S. comic book author Stan Lee (Stanley Martin Lieber) (1922-)
and artist Steve Ditko (1927-) introduce
Spider-Man in the last issue of Amazing Fantasy #15.
On Aug. 22 (Wed.) to get him for deciding to accept Algerian independence, there is a failed
assassination attempt
by the militant underground French OAS on French pres. Charles de Gaulle as he rides in his front-engine front-wheel-drive disc-braked
Citroen (Citroën) DS 19 La Deesse (Goddess) limo en route from Elysee Palace to Orly Airport in Paris,
making a hero of the car whose hydropneumatic suspension keeps it under control at 70 mph after a tire is shot out; OAS leader
Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry (1927-63)
and several members of OAS are later captured, and Bastien-Thiry is executed on Mar. 11, 1963 - the Day of the Jackal?
On Aug. 23 after discovering her preganancy, Beatles singer John Lennon secretly marries
his 1st wife, art student Cynthia Powell (1939-) (until 1968).
On Aug. 27 the U.S. launches the Mariner (Mariner-Venus) 2
space probe for Venus, the first successful Mariner craft; on Dec. 14 it passes within 20K mi., reporting surface temps of 800 deg. - a little too hot for a Roman bath?
On Aug. 27-Sept. 1 Typhoon Wanda
becomes the 2nd worst typhoon in Hong Kong history, killing 434 and causing millions in damage, setting a record for causing hurricane
winds in Hong Kong for a 3rd consecutive year (Typhoon Mary in 1960, Typhoon Alice in 1961); on Aug. 29-Sept. 7
Super Typhoon Amy
hits Saipan and Taiwan, causing flooding that kills 24, plus millions of damage; on Oct. 3-10
Typhoon Freda
hits Wake Island, the Aleutian Islands, and Victoria, B.C., Canada, killing 46 and causing $10M damage; on Nov. 7-18
Typhoon Karen
hits Japan, causing $250M in damage, after which its name is officially retired.
On Aug. 31 Trinidad and Tobago
leave the West Indies Federation and become independent within the British Commonwealth;
Antigua (Waladli) (Wadadli) (incl. Barbuda and Redonda Islands) does ditto.
On Aug. 31 Pres Kennedy signs the U.S. Communications Satellite Act of 1962,
creating the Communications Satellite Corp. (COMSAT)
to handle space communications on a for-profit basis under govt. supervision.
On Sept. 1 an earthquake in Iran kills 12K.
On Sept. 1 a referendum in Singapore supports the Malayan Federation.
On Sept. 1 Typhoon Wanda hits Hong Kong, killing 130 and wounding 600.
On Sept. 2 the Soviet Union approves the sending of nuclear arms to Cuba.
On Sept. 3 Jens Otto Krag (1914-78)
of the Social Dem. Party succeeds Viggo Kampmann (since 1960) as PM of Denmark (until Feb. 2, 1968).
On Sept. 3 Hanna-Barbera Productions' animated series
Wally Gator debuts on ABC-TV for 52 episodes (until Aug. 30, 1963), starring Cajun alligator Wally Gator
(voiced by Daws Butler, who is trying to impersonate Ed Wynn), and Mr. Twiddle the Zookeeper (voiced by Don Messick).
On Sept. 8 Algeria adopts the new 1962 Algerian Constitution,
proclaiming a socialist state devoted to anti-imperialism, with the FLN having a political monopoly as "the revolutionary force of the nation";
women are granted the right to vote.
On Sept. 8 Terrytoons' animated series Deputy Dawg
debuts on CBS-TV for 34 episodes (until May 25, 1963), about Fla. deputy sheriff Deputy Dawg (voiced by Dayton Allen), and "varmints"
On Sept. 12 JFK gives his We Choose to Go to the Moon Speech
at Rice U. in Houston, Tex., promising to deliver genuine Yankee astronauts to its surface by the end of the decade to beat the pesky Soviets and prove that Capitalism is better
than Communism, causing Socialist NASA and Capitalist Hollywood to work together to film the ultimate simulation on a secret soundstage to push off on the public via the TV networks
as a top national security priority?
On Sept. 13 Miss. Gov. (1960-4) Ross Barnett (1898-1987)
defies the U.S. govt., saying he will not allow uppity black student (Air Force vet) James Meredith (1933-)
to enter the U. of Miss.; on Sept. 20 he is blocked from enrolling; on Sept. 24 the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals orders Meredith admitted, which is upheld by the
U.S. Supreme Court; on Sept. 29 Pres. Kennedy mobilizes the Miss. Nat. Guard and issues a televised appeal for peace; on Sept. 30 he is allowed to register on his
4th try despite rioting on campus; on Oct. 1 a racist riot
is put down by 3K soldiers and Nat. Guardsmen, allowing Meredith to enter Ole Miss as a senior under escort of federal marshals, who guard him for the next 10 mo., while the
U.S. Justice Dept. led by U.S. asst. atty. gen. (1960-7) John Michael Doar (1921)
begins criminal action against Barnett for defying the court's orders; meanwhile Southern School News reports that up to this year Miss., Ala., and
S.C. are the only Southern states that have not taken action to implement Brown v. Board of Education, but that virtually no Northern school districts have taken any
action either; meanwhile Barnett has the Ross Barnet Reservoir built on the Pearl River, bounded on the W by the Natchez Trace.
On Sept. 17 the U.S. Justice Dept. files a federal suit to end school desegregation.
On Sept. 18 Yemeni king (since 1948) Ahmad bin Yahya (b. 1891) dies, and his son imam
Mohammed al-Badr (1926-96)
succeeds him, but on Sept. 27 an army coup overthrows him and his tyrannical medieval Shiite Zaidi Hamiduddin Dynasty of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, and proclaims the
Yemen Arab Repub. (YAR)
under the leadership of Col. Abdullah al-Salal (1919-94),
while the deposed imam flees to Saudi Arabia, where he tries to fight his way back in with support from them, Britain and Jordan, while the UAR supports the repub. govt. with the aim
of union, beginning the Egyptian-Yemeni War (ends 1967), which ends up becoming the Egyptian Vietnam, with Egypt having
to commit 55K troops, losing 10K of them; the Shiite Zaydi caliphate founded in 893 ends (until ?), with half the pop. of Yemen (mainly in the N) being Zaydi and waiting in the wings.
On Sept. 19 the color Western series The Virginian (The Men from Shiloh)
debuts on NBC-TV for 249 episodes (until Mar. 24, 1971), based on the 1902 Owen Wister novel and
set in 1898, starring James Child Drury Jr. 91934-)
as the tough foreman of the Shiloh Ranch in Medicine Bow, Wyo., known only as the Virginian, and
Douglas Osborne "Doug" McClure (1935-95) as top hand Trampas;
Lee J. Cobb (Leo Jacob) (1911-76) plays ranch owner Judge Garth.
On Sept. 20 a proposal is made in the French parliament to elect the pres. by popular vote, which is censured on Oct. 5, then approved by a nat. referendun on Oct. 28, causing
Georges Pompidou's cabinet to resign; on Nov. 25 he is reappointed as PM (until July 10, 1968).
On Sept. 23 Hanna-Barbera Productions' animated series The Jetsons
animated series debuts on ABC-TV for 24 episodes (until Mar. 17, 1963), becoming its first color program;
George and Jane, Judy and Elroy, Astro the dog, and Rosie the robot maid in Orbit City in 2062; 40-y.-o. George works a typical 2-day 2-hour workweek
for boss Cosmo Spacely, owner of Spacely Space Sprockets, whose competitor is H.G. Cogswell of Cogswell's Cosmic Cogs; Rosie is the ultimate development of the vacuum cleaner?
On Sept. 23 the New York Philharmonic Hall,
designed by Chicago, Ill.-born architect Max Abramovitz (1908-2004)
is the first bldg. to open at the new Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
in Manhattan, N.Y., whose first pres. is composer William Howard Schuman (1910-92) (until 1969),
going on to house the Metropolitan Opera (1966) and the New York City Ballet.
On Sept. 25 Harvard Law School grad. William Willard Wirtz (1912-)
succeeds Arthur Goldberg as U.S. labor secy. #10 (until Jan. 20, 1969).
On Sept. 25 after record snowfall earlier in the year, a flash flood in
Barcelona, Spain kills 441.
On Sept. 26 a civil war erupts in Yemen.
On Sept. 26 (Wed.) the corn-filled Filmways B&W comedy series The Beverly Hillbillies
debuts on CBS-TV for 274 episodes (until Sept. 7, 1971), switching to color in 1965, created by
Paul Henning (1911-2005), becoming the top-ranked U.S. TV show for two seasons;
Buddy Ebsen (1908-2003)
stars as Jed Clampett, who strikes oil while hunting on his land in the Ozark Mts. of Tenn.,
then sells it to an oil co. for $25M, and moves his family to a mansion at you know where at 518 Crestview Dr.,
incl. Irene Ryan (1902-73)
as cantankerous Confederate States of Am.-loving Daisy May "Granny" Moses,
Maximilian Adalbert "Max" Baer Jr. (1937-)
as dimwitted yokel Jethro Bodine, who made it clear through the 6th grade ("If brains was lard, Jethro couldn't grease a pan");
Donna Douglas (1932-2015)
as dickteaser Elly May Calmpett, who wears blue jeans with a rope belt, ruffled pink blouse, and leather mocassins;
Raymond Thomas Bailey (1904-80) plays Jed's banker Milburn Drysdale,
Harriet E. MacGibbon (1905-87) plays his wife Margaret Drysdale, and
Nancy Jane Kulp (1921-91)
plays his plain spinster secy. Miss Jane Hathaway, who pines for Jethro; features the cool bluegrass theme
The Ballad of Jed Clampett, composed by Paul Henning, sung by
Jerry Scoggins (1911-2004),
and accompanied by bluegrass musicians Lester Flatt (1914-79) and Earl Scruggs (1924-), who make several guest appearances;
in Aug. 2017 the Bel-Air mansion used in the series is put for sale for $350M, becoming the most expensive listing in the U.S. (until ?).
On Sept. 28 Leonard Stern's sitcom I'm Dickens, He's Fenster
debuts on ABC-TV for 32 episodes (until May 10, 1963),
starring John Allen Astin (1930-) as Harry Dickens, and
Marty Ingels (Martin Ingerman) (1936-2015) as Arch Fenster, two carpenters who work on a construction gang.
On Sept. 29 the Canadian Alouette I
satellite (first built outside the U.S. and Soviet Union) is launched from Vandenberg AFB, Calif.
On Sept. 29 (Sat.) effeminate-sounding 6'4" "Am. singer Carson Wayne Newton (1942-)
(whose voice bears a striking resemblance to k.d. lang?) debuts on The Jackie Gleason Show,
becoming a hit, performing there 11x more in the next two years, after which he becomes a
headliner in Las Vegas, performing his 25,000th show in 1994, becoming known as "Mr. Las Vegas",
"Mr. Entertainment", and "The Midnight Idol".
On Sept. 30 (Sun.) CBS-Radio broadcasts the final episodes of "Suspense" and "Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar",
ending the Golden Age of Radio (begun in the early 1930s).
In Sept. ABC-TV begins telecasting in color for 3.5 hours per week; meanwhile CBS-TV
sticks to B&W, and NBC-TV broadcasts 68% of its prime time programming in color;
they all go all-color by 1967.
On Oct. 1 the
Merv Griffin Show
debuts on NBC-TV, and is canceled on Mar. 29, 1963 in less than a year, then revived from
1965-9 in syndication, 1969-72 on CBS-TV, and in syndication from 1972-86.
On Oct. 2 the hour-long WWII drama
Combat!
debuts on ABC-TV for 152 episodes (until Mar. 14, 1967), about a group of GIs fighting toward Paris, France
after D-Day, starring
Rick Jason (Richard Jacobson) (1923-2000)
as platoon leader 2nd Lt. Gil Hanley, and
Victor "Vic"Morrow (1929-82)
as Sgt. Chip Saunders, who play the lead in alternating episodes.
On Oct. 3 NASA astronaut Walter Marty "Wally" Schirra Jr. (1923-2007)
blasts off from Cape Canaveral, Fla. aboard the
Mercury Atlas Sigma 7
on a 9-hour flight, becoming the first American in space and the 3rd to orbit the Earth,
making six orbits in a 9 hour 13 min. 11 sec. flight, and uttering the soundbyte
"I'm having a ball up here drifting."
On Oct. 3 (lunchtime) a steam boiler explodes into a cafeteria at the
New York Telephone Co.,
killing 23 and injuring 94.
On Oct. 3 (Wed.) the medical drama The Eleventh Hour,
about the "fascinating developing world of psychiatry" debuts on NBC-TV for 62 episodes (until Apr. 22, 1964), starring
Wendell Reid Corey (1914-68)
as psychiatrist Dr. Theodore Bassett, and Jack Lee Ging (1931-) as clinical psychologist Dr. Paul Graham.
On Oct. 4-16 (a record 13 days, caused by rain in both home cities) the New York Yankees (AL) defeat the San Francisco Giants (NL) 4-3 to win the
Fifty-Ninth (59th) (1962) World Series.
On Oct. 5 the Beatles' first single Love Me Do
is released in the U.K.; producer George Martin left the recording to an underling while he had lunch with his secy.?;
meanwhile "Dr. No", the first James Bond 007 film debuts in Britain.
On Oct. 8 new Algerian PM Ben Bella arrives in New York City for Algeria's admission into the U.N., and meets at the Dryden Hotel with Cuban pres.
Osvaldo Dorticos Torrado to get some pointers, after which he denounces the U.S. to the U.N. Gen. Assembly; amazingly, Adlai E. Stevenson turns
his ears off then praises him for "cutting the chains" holding the people of Algeria down, and pledging U.S. financial support; on Oct. 9 Ben Bella
addresses the assembly again, proclaiming Algeria's neutrality but also announcing support for Communist nationalist movements in Africa incl.
Angola, Rhodesia, South Africa, and Southwest Africa, and calling for Communist China to be admitted to the U.N.; on Oct. 12 his foreign minister
Mohammed Khemisti (1930-63) addresses the assembly, calling Capitalism "inappropriate" and saying
that Algeria will take the "Socialist road", praising Castro and denouncing efforts to undermine his regime as a threat to internat. peace,
and backing the Soviet position on Berlin, saying the settlement must "recognize the realities of the German situation"; despite this, on Oct. 15
JFK gives Ben Bella a friendly welcome on the South Lawn
of the White House (first foreign chief JFK greets there), complete with a 21-gun salute, after which he gets another 21-gun salute in Cuba on Oct 16;
despite quarantining Cuba on Oct. 22, JFK goes through with $47.5M in food grains and dairy products, 11K U.S. Army tents, a 60-bed field hospital
and other medical assistance, then attempts to cover it up with tricky reasoning, all tracing back to his 1957 Senate resolution for U.S. support
of the FLN? - so JFK really is pink right down to his underwear?
On Oct. 8 Dame Elizabeth Kathleen Lane (nee Coulborn) (1905-88)
becomes the first woman county court judge in Britain, going on to sit on the high court in 1965 and retire in 1979.
On Oct. 8 the Der Spiegel Scandal
erupts after the German mag. Der Spiegel pub. an article about the poor preparedness of the West German Bundeswehr (defense force) to fight the Commies,
and is taken on by defense minister (since 1956) Franz Josef Strauss (1915-88),
who accuses editor Rudolf Augstein (1923-2002)
of treason, getting him arrested for 103 days, after which on Nov. 5 he admits that he lied to the police and resigns, with the soundbyte that he was treated
like a "Jew who dared to appear at a Nazi Party convention"; the police end their occupation of the Der Spiegel offices on Nov. 26.
On Oct. 9 Uganda
becomes independent within the British Commonwealth, proclaiming the
1962 Ugandan Constitution;
the capital moves from Entebbe to Kampala in Buganda (S Uganda); next Apr. 30
Apolo Milton Obote (1925-2005)
becomes PM #1 (until Apr. 15, 1966), followed by pres. #2 (Apr. 15, 1966-Jan. 25, 1971);
meanwhile next year the position of gov.-gen. is replaced by a ceremonial presidency, which is filled by Bugandan king
Mutesa II (1924-69)
(until 1966); too bad, Buganda tries to remain a semi-autonomous kingdom, eventually causing a split.
On Oct. 11 the silly B&W comedy McHale's Navy
debuts on ABC-TV for 138 episodes (until Apr. 12, 1966), based on the 1-hour Apr. 3 drama "Seven Against the Sea", starring
Ernest Borgnine (1917-2012)
as Lt. Cmdr. Quentin McHale of PT Boat 73, stationed in the Pacific island base of Taratupa, and
Thomas Daniel "Tim" Conway (1933-)
as his 2nd in command Ensign Charles "Chuck" Parker, who regularly outwit ever-frustrated
base cmdr. Capt. Wallace Burton Binghampton (AKA Old Leadbottom), played by
Joe Flynn (1924-74),
and his butt-kissing asst. Lt. Elroy Carpenter, played by Robert "Bob" Hastings (1925-).
On Oct. 11 the first session of the Second Vatican (21st Ecumenical) Council (Vatican II)
(ends 1965) (first since 1869) of 2.7K prelates is convened by Pope John XXIII to set policies for the modernization of the medieval
hidebound Roman Catholic Church; on Dec. 8 it closes after voting 2,165-9-1 to reinstate the
Catechumenate, and prohibiting
contraceptives;
peace activist Sister Mary Luke Tobin (1908-2006)
of Denver, Colo. is the only U.S. woman to participate in the council; polyglot Cardinal (since 1936)
Eugene Tisserant (1884-1972),
dean of the Sacred College, who negotiated the secret
Metz Accord (Pact) (Vatican-Moscow Agreement)
allowing Eastern Orthodox participation in return for non-condemnation of atheist Communism is the 2nd person
to sign all official acts of Vatican II after the pope.
On Oct. 12 the 1962 Columbus Day Storm
in the U.S. Pacific Northwest features 170 mph winds, killing 46 and blowing down 11B board ft. of timber, causing $230M in damage.
On Oct. 12 black jazz bassist Charles Mingus stinks himself up with a terrible concert in New York City's Town Hall, later becoming known as the
worst moment of his brilliant career.
It takes a real guy to wear pink?
On Oct. 14 (Sun.) after wasting three weeks photographing the wrong end of the island despite intel reports indicating the real location,
CIA U-2s detect Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba; U.S. Air Force pilot Maj.
Richard S. Heyser and CIA contract pilot
James A. Barnes Jr. (1929-99)
identify missile sites in separate flights; on Oct. 16 Pres. Kennedy is informed of them, beginning the
Cuban Missile (Caribbean) Crisis (Scare) on Oct. 16-28 (Tue.-Sun.),
forcing nuclear missiles out of Cuba only after bringing the U.S. to DEFCON 2 on
Oct. 24 (until Nov. 20), and coming close to World War III; too bad, JFK fails to consult Canadian PM John G. Defenbaker before
requesting Canada to put its forces on DEFCON 3 status, pissing him off; on Oct. 16 JFK recites the following verse to the State Dept.
after being told of the crisis: "Bullfight critics ranked in rows/ Crowd the enormous plaza full;/ But only one is there who knows,/
And he's the man who fights the bull"; on Oct. 18 JFK meets foreign minister
Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (1909-89); on
Oct. 22 (7:00 p.m. EDT) JFK announces an air and naval blockade of Cuba, with the soundbyte:
"It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an
attack by the Soviet Union on the United States, requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union"; on
Oct. 23 U.S. ambassador to the U.N. (1961-5) Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (1900-65)
speaks at the U.N. about the Cuba crisis; on Oct. 24 (7:06 p.m. ET) JFK signs
Proclamation 3504,
officially beginning the U.S. blockade of Cuba (ends ?); on Oct. 25 mouse-turned-lion Stevenson presents
photographic evidence
of Soviet missile bases in Cuba to the U.N. Security Council, demanding that Soviet ambassador
Valerian Alexandrovich Zorin (1902-86)
answer regarding Cuban missile bases, uttering the immortal mouse-that-roared soundbyte:
"I am prepared to wait for my answer until Hell freezes over"; on Oct. 26 JFK warns Russia that the U.S. will not allow Soviet missiles to
remain in Cuba, causing Khrushchev to send a private message offering to remove them in return for a U.S. pledge not to invade; on Oct. 27 (a.m.)
Khrushchev sends a public hardliner message to JFK offering to withdraw the missiles if the U.S. closes its bases in Turkey, warning that if
the U.S. attacks Cuba they will respond with massive military power, causing RFK and George McBundy to suggest the
Trollope Ploy
of answering the first note and ignoring the second, while making a private assurance that the bases will be closed; on Oct. 28 after receiving a telegram from Castro
reading "We should deliver a nuclear first strike", causing him to tell his son Sergei "That is insane", and a warning from
ABC-TV journalist John Albert Scali (1918-95)
to Soviet embassy official and KGB station chief (1960-4) Col. Alexander (Aleksandr) Semyonovich Feklisov (1914-2007)
that a U.S. invasion is only hours away, Khrushchev informs the U.S. that he has ordered the dismantling of the Soviet missile bases in Cuba, and on Oct. 29 Radio Moscow
reports that the Cuban nukes have been deactivated, although they really start doing it on Nov. 1?; the final deal also made the U.S. pledge to not invade Cuba, as suggested
by Feklisov?; the missiles were dismantled without Castro's knowledge, later pissing him off?; Khrushchev told JFK that their two countries had knotted the cord between them, and
the more they pull the tighter the knot gets, and if the knot has to be cut nobody knows what will happen?;
Khrushchev was in a bind, and the U.S. gave him a way out by allowing him to tell his people that he stopped the U.S. from exterminating Cuba?;
JFK awards plaques to McNamara et al. with calendars that circle the dates Oct. 16-28; in Nov. Che Guevara
utters the soundbyte: "If the missiles had remained, we would have fired them against the very heart of the U.S. including New York. The victory of
Socialism is well worth millions of atomic victims"; in Jan. 1992 Fidel Castro tells Robert McNamara: "Of course I knew the missiles were nuclear-armed.
That's precisely why I urged Khrushchev to launch them. And of course Cuba would have been utterly destroyed in the exchange"; "My dream is to drop
three atomic bombs on New York City" (Raul Castro, Nov. 1960).
On Oct. 17 a Polish worker at Auschwitz discovers notes hidden in a jar by Salmen Lewental,
who was forced to move corpses from the gas chamber to the crematoria.
The field of biology is forever convoluted with Sherlock Holmes and a bad back?
On Oct. 18 Dr. Watson of the U.S. and Drs. Crick and Wilkins of Britain win the Nobel Med. Prize for their work in determining the structure of DNA - what's
on, Wilkins? Don't ask, I got a crick in me double helix?
On Oct. 19 the Checkpoint Charlie Museum (originally the House at Checkpoint Charlie) in Berlin is opened by
German anti-Communist Rainer Hildebrandt (1914-2004).
On Oct. 20 the Sino-Indian Border Conflict (War) (Indo-China War) begins between China and India over the disputed
Himalayan border, becoming the first war between the two countries; the U.S. and U.K. refuse to sell India advanced weaponry, forcing them to turn to the Soviet Union, who supply them with
advanced MiG fighters, which they never deploy; in Nov. 18 the Battle of Rezang La 11 mi. of the Spanggur Gap that divides China and India sees the
13 Kumaon Regiment led by Maj. Shaitan Singh (b. 1924) make their last stand,
with 114 of 120 Indian soldiers KIA vs. 1.3K Chinese soldiers; Sing is posth. awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest millitary decoration; on Nov. 20 a ceasefire is declared.
On Oct. 27 Soviet sub K-19
has small (signaling) depth charges dropped on it by the U.S. Navy as it patrols the Cuban blockade, causing it to almost launch a nuke until Soviet naval officer
Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov (1926-98) vetoes the two other officers, saving the world from WWIII?; he is later promoted to vice adm.
On Oct. 28 a referendum in France favors the election of the pres. by universal suffrage.
On Oct. 29 the Beach Boys (four of whom are related) introduce their new cool skin-cancer-friendly
Southern Calif. musical style with their hit Surfin' Safari.
On Oct. 30-Nov. 6 Indian guru Meher Baba holds the East-West Gathering in Pune, India.
On Oct. 31 the U.N. Gen. Assembly asks Britain to suspend enforcement of the new racist 1961 Southern Rhodesian Constitution, but they waffle and it goes into effect on Nov. 1,
after which on Nov. 6 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1761
calls for sanctions to be imposed on pesky
South Africa
and its racist apartheid policies, calling on member states to discontinue economic and military relations with them.
On Nov. 1 Greece enters the Common Market as an assoc. member - don't bend over to pick up the soap?
On Nov. 3 the term "personal computer" is first mentioned in the press.
On Nov. 3 JFK writes a letter to his mother Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (1890-1995), telling her that a letter she wrote over his head to
Khrushchev asking him to autograph photos of their summit meeting (which K complied with) are "subject to interpretations and therefore
I would like to have you clear them before they are sent" from now on, causing her to respond "I am so glad you warned me about contacting
heads of state as I was just about to write to Castro."
On Nov. 5 after several Saudi princes defect, Saudia Arabia breaks off diplomatic relations with Egypt; on Nov. 6 under pressure from the Kennedy admin.,
Saudi Arabia
abolishes slavery, replacing 400K slaves with 8M guest workers by the end of the cent.
On Nov. 5 a coal mine explosion in Ny-Alesund
in Svalbard, Norway kills 21, causing the Norwegian govt. to resign in Aug. 1963.
On Nov. 6 (Tues.) JFK's younger brother Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (1932-2009)
is elected Dem. U.S. Sen. in liberal Mass. (until Aug. 25, 2009); on Nov. 7 after losing the Calif. gov. race to gov. (since Jan. 5, 1959)
Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown Sr. (1905-96), by 300K votes after revelations that his Washington, D.C.
home had been sold under restrictive covenants preventing a black or Jewish buyer,
Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-94) tells reporters "You won't have Nixon to kick around anymore,
because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference", adding "You won't have Dick Nixon to kick around any more";
Howard K. Smith of ABC-TV presents the documentary The Political Obituary of Richard Nixon,
which incl. an interview with Nixon's nemesis Alger Hiss, pissing-off sponsors, who cause his show (since 1962) "Howard K. Smith: News and Comment" to be canceled,
and the new show "ABC News Reports" to replace it in 1963-4 - I like to lick dick not kick dick?
On Nov. 6 the U.S. issues a stamp honoring the 100th birthday of Canadian-born peach basket basketball inventor
James Naismith (1861-1939).
On Nov. 6 Neil Armstrong sets a world record speed of 6,587 kmh/h in an X-15 rocket plane.
On Nov. 7-18 Typhoon Karen
strikes Guam, killing 11/37 and causing $250M damage, becoming the worst in the island's history (until ?).
On Nov. 14 India sets up the
Special Frontier Force
made up mainly of refugees from Tibet.
On Nov. 15 Cuba threatens to down U.S. planes on recon flights over its territory, but on
Nov. 19 after who knows what kind of spy and diplomatic shenanigans, Castro accepts the
removal of nukes from his territory, and on Nov. 20 after the Soviets agree to remove their
bombers from Cuba, JFK ends the Cuban blockade; after the crisis ends, the
Nuclear Football
(The Button) (named after Operation Drop-Kick), a black leather bag chained to the wrist
of a U.S. pres. aide of designated rank with special Yankee White clearance, carrying the
Gold Codes for authorizing the use of nukes goes into use after Kennedy releases a top secret
Nat. Security Action Memorandum #? to plug the command-control gap as envisaged in movies like "Dr. Strangelove".
On Nov. 17 Dulles Internat. Airport 26 mi. W of Washington, D.C., the first airport built to handle the
new jet airliners, featuring mobile lounges, named for U.S. secy. of state (1953-9) John Foster Dulles is dedicated by Pres. Kennedy.
On Nov. 17 the FBI cracks
a plot in New York City by Cuban agents to bomb Macy's, Gimbel's, Bloomingdale's and Manhattan's Grand Central Terminal with 500 kilos of TNT, set to go off the day after Thanksgiving.
On Nov. 20 Pres. Kennedy mandates an end to religious or racial discrimination in federally-funded housing.
On Nov. 23 (12:24 p.m. EDT) United Airlines Flight 297 crashes, killing all 17 aboard.
On Nov. 26 the Beatles hold their first recording session under the Beatles name.
On Nov. 26-27 Open Het Dorp (Open the Village), the first live TV marathon fundraising show, hosted by
Maria Antoinette "Mies" Bouwman (1929-)
airs in the Netherlands, lasting 23 hours begging for funds to build and open the Het Dorp comunity for the disabled.
On Nov. 27 French pres. Charles de Gaulle orders PM Georges Pompidou to form a govt.
On Nov. 29 Great Britain and France sign an agreement for a joint venture to build the supersonic Concorde jet.
On Nov. 30 after being appointed to serve-out Dag Hammaskjold's term, U Thant (1909-74)
of Burma (known for his mixed Muslim-Buddhist background) is unanimously elected as U.N. secy.-gen. #3 (first non-European and first Asian),
getting reelected on Dec. 2, 1966 and serving a record 10 years 1 mo. (3,684 days) (until Dec. 31, 1971) after declining a 3rd term.
On Nov. 30 Eastern Air Lines Flight 512 (DC-7B) crashes while trying to make a go-around in
the fog at Idlewild Airport in New York City, killing 25 of 51 aboard.
On Dec. 2 U.S. Sen. Majority Leader (D-Mont.) Michael Joseph "Mike" Mansfield (1903-2001)
becomes the first U.S. official to make an unoptimistic public comment on the progress of the Vietnam War after returning from a visit at JFK's request.
On Dec. 5 The Match Game
debuts on NBC-TV (until 1969), hosted by Gene Rayburn; it goes on to be reincarnated in different versions until 1999;
A Swingin' Safari by Bert Kaempfert is the theme song until 1967.
On Dec. 7 Prince Rainier III of Monaco revises the Monaco Constitution,
yielding some of his power to advisory and legislative councils.
On Dec. 8 the 114-day 1962-3 New York City Newspaper Strike
begins when the Internat. Typographical Union (ITU) (founded 1852) begins a strike against the newspapers in
New York City, closing nine of them (ends Mar. 31, 1963).
On Dec. 9 the Indonesian-backed North Kalimantan Nat. Army (TNKU) revolts, attempting to capture the sultan of Brunei, who escapes
and asks for British help, receiving British and Gurkha troops from Singapore, who occupy all rebel centers by Dec. 16 and capture the rebel cmdr. next Apr. 17, ending the revolt.
On Dec. 11 a coalition govt. of Christian Dems., Christian Socialists, and Free Dems. is formed.
On Dec. 14 JFK delivers a speech
to the Economic Club of New York, advocating tax cuts to spur business activity.
On Dec. 17 a referendum in South Korea approves a new 1962 South Korean Constitution,
to go in effect with the promised 1963 elections.
On Dec. 18 Senegal PM (since 1957) Mamaou Dia is ousted and imprisoned for planning a coup to overthrow pres. Leopold Sedar Senghor.
On Dec. 19 Britain acknowledges the right of Nyasaland (Malawi) to secede
from the Central African Federation.
On Dec. 19 Daman and Diu becomes the last foreign-occupied territory to be integrated into India.
On Dec. 23 Cuba begins returning the last 1,113 POWs from the Bay of Pigs invasion to the U.S. in return for $53M in food.
On Dec. 30 U.N. troops occupy the last rebel positions in Kanga, forcing Moise Tshombe to flee to Southern Rhodesia.
On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 652.10, down from 731.14 a year earlier.
In Dec. Pres. Kennedy commutes the sentence of Junius Irving Scales (1920-2002) of N.C.,
who had been tried under the U.S. Smith Act in 1958 and served 14 mo. for being a leading member of the Communist Party (first-ever under the Smith Act).
In Dec. 1962-Mar. 1963 the Big Freeze of 1963 (English Winter of 1962-3)
sees an avg. temp of 28.2F (-2.1C) in Jan. 1963, freezing the sea out 1 mi. from shore in Herne Bay, Kent, followed by a 36-hour blizzard in Mar. that bring 20 ft. snowdrifts
and 81 mph winds (119 mph on the Isle of Man), becoming the coldest month in C England since Jan. 1814, and the coldest winter since records began to be kept in 1895;
in 1985 Dream Academy releases the single Life in a Northern Town, with the lyrics:
"In winter 1963/ It felt like the world would freeze/ With John F. Kennedy and the Beatles", referring to the winter of 1963-4 instead by mistake.
The African member countries of the French Community (formed 1958) sign bilateral agreements with France.
The Chinese take control of W Tibet, causing many nomad refugees to flee to Ladakh; only 70 of Tibet's 2.5K Buddhist monasteries remain.
Radical leftist elements who have splintered from Venezuela's ruling Accion Democratica Party stage unsuccessful revolts at navy bases,
causing pres. Romulo Betancourt to suspend civil liberties, driving them underground as the
Armed Forces for Nat. Liberation (FALN)
(Fuerzas Armadas de Liberacion Nacional); after Betancourt finds out that Castro is arming them, he protests to the OAS.
Limited home rule is granted to the territory of Venda in NE South Africa.
Mali begins issuing the Mali franc in a fruitless attempt to stop galloping inflation, only making it worse?
Malta is granted self-govt. (revoked since 1959).
Acting pursuant to the Hawaii Omnibus Act, Pres. Kennedy assigns responsibility for Wake Island to the secy. of the interior, who allows
the Dept. of Transportation to exercise civil admin. until June 1972.
Pres. Kennedy establishes the Outdoor Recreational Resources Review Commission,
chaired by Laurance Spelman Rockefeller (1910-2004),
which proposes legislation to create a "national system of wild and scenic rivers", a nat. wilderness system, trails system, recreation areas, and
land and water conservation fund.
Mozambique-born Syracuse U. sociology prof. Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane (1920-69) founds
Frente de Libertacao de Mozambique (Mozambique Liberation Front) (FRELIMO)
to fight against Portuguese colonial rule, launching the Mozambique War of Independence
(ends June 1975); by 1964 it is gathering steam, and by 1966 they control most of the rural N; too bad, he is killed by a book bomb on Feb. 3, 1969 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
The Shiite Zaydi Huthi Imamate
in the N Yemen province of Sa'da is overthrown.
The Tupamaros (Movimiento de Liberaction Nacional) (MLN)
urban guerrillas, led by Uruguayan Marxist Raul Sendic Antonaccio
(1926-89) begins a Latin Am. insurgency movement on behalf of the poor.
Operation Northwoods,
a false flag plan by the CIA to have operatives commit terrorist acts in the U.S. and frame Cuba in order to spark a war is proposed but never implemented.
The U.S. embassy in London is established at Grosvenor Square in London, site of Ike's WWII HQ.
Purdue U. establishes the world's first computer science dept. in Oct.
The Federation of Student Islamic Societies
is founded in Britain to promote the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and founder Hasan al-Banna.
Actor Ronald Reagan switches from the Dem. Party to the Repub. Party.
The FBI begins surveillance on Martin Luther King Jr.
Deng Xiao Ping utters the immortal soundbyte: "It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice."
After getting caught poisoning his family members and killing his stepmother, Neasen, London-born amateur chemist
Graham Frederick Young (1947-90)
is sent to Broadmoor Hospital; in Feb. 1971 he is released, allowing him to poison 70 more people, killing his 4th victim before
being arrested on Nov. 21, 1971 and convicted in June 1972, being dubbed the Teacup Poisoner, after which he is shipped to
Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Weight, dying of a heart attack on Aug. 1, 1990.
West German pres. (1959-69) Karl Heinrich Luebke (Lübke) (1894-1972) visits Israel and asks for forgiveness for the German people
for the Holocaust, causing Am. historian Harry Elmer Barnes (1889-1968) (known for denial of the Holocaust) to call it "almost incredible grovelling".
Ruhr U. is founded in Bochum, Germany, becoming the first new public univ. in Germany since WWII.
St. Catherine's College (AKA St. Catz) at Oxford U. is founded by English historian
Alan Louis Charles Bullock (1914-2004).
United World Colleges is founded in Britain by German educator (founder of Gordonstoun School)
Kurt Matthias Robert Martin Hahn (1886-1974) as an educational movement of schools and colleges around the world, offering the Internat. Baccalaureate.
The U.S. Bald Eagle Protection Act is amended to incl. golden eagles, which are down to 417 nesting pairs, after which numbers increase steadily to 9,789 in 2007;
possession of eagle feathers, even picking up a fallen one is made illegal, and only approved Indian tribes wanting them for religious purposes are permitted to buy or own them;
the only place they can be obtained legally is at the Nat. Eagle Repository at the Rocky Mt. Arsenal in Colo.; an eagle has 12 tail feathers and 48 wing feathers; immature golden eagle
tail feathers are prized because they are white with a dark tip.
The U.S. govt. launches Project Stormfury to attempt to weaken tropical cyclones by seeding them with silver iodide;
too bad, in 1983 it is abandoned after it never works.
The Muslim World League charity is founded in Mecca by Muslim Brotherhood leader
Said Ramadan (1926-95)
(grandson of founder Hassan al-Banna) and Muslim religious figures from 22 states, going on to fund al-Qaida and other radical Muslim orgs.
The Center for Strategic and Internat. Studies (CSIS)
is founded in Washington, D.C. at Georgetown U. by Adm. Arleigh Burke, U.S. ambassador David Manker Abshire et al., becoming the first U.S. foreign policy think tank.
American Airlines inaugurates the SABERvision
system for airline reservation, linking thousands of agencies, reservation terminals and ticket desks.
After Sir Georg Solti walks out, 26-y.-o. Bombay-born
Zubin Mehta (1936-)
becomes conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, the youngest ever (until 1976).
The Golden Horse
film awards are established in Taiwan - looks like my uncle Ahscah?
The New York Shakespeare Festival begins staging plays in New York City's Central Park's Delacorte Theater, starting with "The Merchant of Venice".
Lake George Opera House opens
in Saratoga, N.Y. John Melville Burgess (1909-2003)
is consecrated by the Protestant Episcopal Church as suffragan bishop of Mass., becoming the first African-Am. to preside as
bishop over an Episcopal diocese in the U.S.
Donald R. Seawell (1912-)
becomes the first producer to bring the Royal Shakespeare Co. to the U.S. with "The Hollow Crown on Broadway"; in 1964 he produces
"King Lear" and "The Comedy of Errors" to mark Shakespeare's 400th birthday.
The Jehovah's Witnesses flip-flop
on their doctrine regarding Romans 13:1 ("Let everyone be subject to the superior authorities"), admitting that "superior authorities" does not mean
God and Christ but human govts., which kinda bothers them since they won't salute the flag, accept a govt. position or join the military, but they nicely
get around it by claiming that to be subject to the govt. doesn't mean to be part of it.
Carolina Snowball,
the world's first albino dolphin, which had been swimming around S.C. and Ga. is kept at the Miami Seaquarium.
The Elvehjem Museum of Art
is founded in Madison, Wisc. by the U. of Wisc., becoming one of the top three largest univ. museums in the U.S. - a good place to experience Soviet Realist propaganda paintings?
The Library of the Congress of Mexico
in Mexico City is founded.
Hollywood film score king ("Moulin Rouge", "Roman Holiday", etc.)
Georges Auric (1899-1983)
is appointed gen. mgr. of the Opera National de Paris, giving up composing for motion pictures.
Van Cliburn establishes the Van Cliburn Internat. Piano Competition in Ft. Worth, Tex.
Austrian-born Am. Jewish conductor Erich Leinsdorf (1912-93)
becomes musical dir. of the Boston Symphony Orchestra (until 1969), going on to interrupt his performance of Nov. 22, 1963
to announce the JFK assassination then switch to the "Funeral March" from Beethoven's 3rd Symphony, andflee Israel at the start of the
Six-Day War in 1967, leaving Zubin Mehta to conduct the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra in his place.
Am. writer Tom Wolfe begins wearing his trademark white suit, with the soundbyte:
"It made me a man from Mars, the man who didn't know anything and was eager to know."
The Earl of Arran comments in the London Evening News that "Sweden is a piddling country", causing the Swedish ambassador to challenge him to
a duel, with the earl given choice of weapons; he chooses "motorcars in the Hyde Park underpass".
Ramparts,
the largest circulation leftist mag. in the U.S. (400K circ.) is founded (until 1975) as a Roman Catholic lit. quarterly by wealthy
Edward "Ed" Keating (1926-2003),
turning against the Vietnam War and expanding into a glossy paper format to penetrate middle-class households and going on to become the
first to claim a conspiracy in the JFK assassination;
in 1969 David Joel Horowitz (1939-) becomes the ed.
Esalen Inst.
in Big Sur, Calif. is founded by Michael Murphy (1930-) and
Dick Price (1930-85) to realize Aldous Huxley's "human potentialities", founding the
Human Potential Movement (HPM);
the Findhorn Foundation in Findhorn, Moray, Scotland is founded by
Eileen Caddy (1917-2006),
Peter Caddy (1917-94), and
Dorothy Maclean (1920-); both help found the New Age Movement.
Broadside mag. is founded by former Almanac Singers
Agnes "Sis" Cunningham (1909-2004)
and her hubby Gordon Friesen (1909-96)
to promote the Am. folk music revival, produced on a mimeograph machine obtained from the Am. Labor Party,
creating a look-feel that is copied by many zines for decades; the final issue is #187 in 1988.
Esquire mag., ed. by (1961-73)
Harold T.P. Hayes (-1989)
awards its first Dubious Achievement Award (Dubie)
to Richard Nixon; it stops awarding them in Jan. 2008 after awarding Nixon Dubious Man of the Cent.
Rex Ingram (1895-1969),
who starred as the giant genie in "The Thief of Baghdad" (1940) and was railroaded in 1949 on the U.S. Mann Act, setting his career back, becomes the first African-Am. actor to be
hired for a contract role on a soap opera, The Brighter Day.
Omaha, Neb.-born investor Warren Edward Buffett (1930-)
begins purchasing shares of textile manufacturer Berkshire Hathaway,
gaining control on May 10, 1965 ($18 a share), then going on to raise the price
to $100K a share by 2006, becoming a billionaire while living like a Scrooge?
Ex-Marine Glen William Bell Jr. (1923-2010),
who started Bell's Drive-In in 1948 in San Bernardino, Calif. after seeing the success of
McDonald's founds Taco Bell
fast-food Mexican restaurant in Downey, Calif. with $4K, selling his first franchise
to a former L.A. policeman in 1964 and spreading from there, reaching 868 restaurants before
selling out to PepsiCo in 1978 for $125M - I thought Bell stood for a real bell?
Pres. Kennedy decides to spend a weekend in Palm Springs, Calif., causing Peter Lawford to promise Frank Sinatra he'd stay at his
compound, but JFK calls Lawford back and says "he just couldn't stay at Frank's and sleep in the same bed that Sam Giancana or any other
had slept in", and stays with Bing Crosby instead, pissing Sinatra off and causing him to turn against Lawford; "Frank never forgave me. He cut
me off like that. He cut me out of all the movies were set to make together and turned Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, and Joey Bishop against me as well."
MCA forms MCA Records
and buys Decca Records, Coral Records, and Brunswick Records, adding Kapp Records in 1967;
Universal Pictures comes along with the Decca deal, and in 1966 MCA forms Uni (Universal City) Records.
Japanese cos. Panasonic and Sony introduce their first B&W TV sets to the U.S. market.
The Holland-Dozier-Holland
Motown songwriting team is formed, consisting of Lamont Herbert Dozier (1941-),
and brothers Brian Holland (1941-)
and Edward "Eddie" Holland Jr. (1939-),
going on to score 25 Billboard #1 hits incl. "Baby Love", "Stop! In the Name of Love", "You Keep Me Hanging On", "(Love Is Like a) Heat Wave", and
"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)"; in 1967 they break with Berry Gordy and form
Invictus Records, going on to sign Freda Payne and Chairmen of the Board.
A&M Records is founded
in Los Angeles by Tijuana Brass musician Herbert "Herb" "Dore" Alpert (1935-)
and Jerome S. "Jerry" Moss (1935-),
going on to become the world's largest independent record co.; in 1966 the moved their HQ to 1416 N La Brea Ave. (near Sunset Blvd.) in Hollywood, on the grounds of
the old Charlie Chaplin Studios; they go on to sign a variety of pop and folk groups incl. The Carpenters, Quincy Jones, The Captain and Tennille, Joan Baez, Phil Ochs,
Gene Clark, and Billy Preston, and in the late 1960s add rock groups incl. Procol Harum, Humble Pie, Free, The Move, Spooky Tooth, Fairport Convention, Joe Cocker, Cat Stevens,
Carole King, Hummingbird, Cheech & Chong, Nazareth, Y&T, the Tubes, Styx, Supertramp, and Peter Frampton; in 1977 they sign the Sex Pistols but drop them within a week.
Wham-O comes out with the party game Limbo, which becomes a craze.
The DeSoto brand auto of the Chrysler Corp. (begun 1928) (with a logo featuring Hernando de Soto) discontinues production on Nov. 30.
The mid-size Ford Fairlane,
named after Henry Ford's Fair Lane estate near Dearborn, Mich. is introduced
(until 1970), followed in 1968 by the upscale
Ford Torino (until 1968).
Steptoe and Son
debuts on BBC-TV (until 1965, then 1970-4), starring
Harry H. Corbett (1925-)
as budding Marxist Harold Steptoe, and
Wilfrid Brambell
(1912-85) as his cranky skirt-chasing dirty old man father Albert Steptoe
("In other words, I get on your tits"), two rag and bone (antique junk)
men living in Oil Drum Lane in Shepherd's Bush, London with their horse Hercules; the theme song
Old Ned
is composed by Ron Grainer; the 1972-7 Norman Mailer U.S. TV series "Sanford and Son" is based on it.
About this year U.S. teenies begin forming Garage Rock Bands, incl.
The Barbarians (Cape Cod, Mass.),
The Birdwatchers (Miami, Fla.),
The Count Five (San Jose, Calif.),
The D-Men (New York City),
The Fifth Estate (Stamford, Conn.),
The Kingsmen (Portland, Ore.),
The Music Explosion (Mansfield, Ohio),
The Music Machine (Los Angeles, Calif.),
The Rationals (Ann Arbor, Mich.),
The Remains (Boston, Mass.),
Paul Revere and The Raiders (Boise, Idaho),
The Rivieras (South Bend, Ind.),
The Seeds (Los Angeles, Calif.),
The Shadows of Knight (Chicago, Ill.),
Tommy James (1947-) and The Shondells (Niles, Mich.),
The Sonics (Tacoma, Wash.),
The Standells (Los Angeles, Calif.),
The Swingin' Medallions (Greenwood, S.C.),
The Trashmen (Minneapolis, Minn.), and
the Unrelated Segments
(Detroit, Mich.); after most are lucky to even become 1-hit wonders, they peak in 1966, fall out of the charts by 1968, and become kaput by 1970.
British automaker AC Cars begins manufacturing the AC Cobra
with a straight-6 engine; Am. automotive designer Carroll Hall Shelby (1923-2012)
uses it to build the first 2-seat Shelby 427 Cobra,
with a 500 hp small block Ford V-8 engine in order to take on the Chevy Corvette, which it does quite well since it weighs 500 lb. less; the last AC chassis is imported in 1967;
a 1966 Shelby Cobra 427 Super Snake sells for $5.5M in 2007.
Coffee Rich
non-dairy coffee creamer is introduced, becoming #1.
After acquiring a design from Whirlpool, Duluth, Minn.-born
David Irving Oreck (1923-)
begins selling lightweight vacuum cleaners by mail, finding a market in hotels.
Sports:
On Feb. 18 the 1962 (4th) Daytona 500
is won by Fireball Roberts in a 1962 Pontiac (#22) in 3 hours 10 min., leading 144 of 200 laps without a single caution flag.
On Mar. 2 with 25 sec. left to play Wilton Norman "Wilt" "the Stilt" "the Big Dipper" "Goliath" "Mister 100" Chamberlain (1936-99)
scores an NBA record (until ?) 100 points (36 field goals in 63 shots, 28 of 32 free throws) and breaks several NBA records incl. 28 free throws as the Philadelphia Warriors defeat
the New York Knicks 169-147 in Hershey, Penn. before 4,124 fans; Knicks center Darrall Imhoff plays for 20 min., helping earn a demotion to backup center;
Alvin Austin "Al" Attles Jr. (1936-)
scores another 17 points; the game isn't televised or filmed, and the 100-point ball is lost;
Chamberlain avgs. 50.4 pts. per game in the NBA's greatest offensive season so far (16th season), helping it to gain against the more established college game, and causing fellow NBA star
Oscar Robertson to utter the soundbyte: "I believe Wilt Chamberlain single-handedly saved the league"; the Philadelphia Warriors move to San Francisco, Calif. and become the
San Francisco Warriors, changing to the Golden State Warriors (AKA the Dubs) in 1971; Wilt Chamberlain (1960, 1966, 1967, 1968) and Stephen Curry (2015, 2016) go on to become NBA MVPs.
On Mar. 10 6'5" guard (#14) Oscar Palmer "the Big O" Robertson (1938-)
of the Cincinnati Royals finishes the season with an avg. of 30.8 points, 12.5 rebounds, and 11.4 assists per game, becoming the first player to average a triple double over an NBA season (until ?).
On Mar. 24 Virgin Islands native Emile Alphonse Griffith (1938-)
and Cuban immigrant Benny "Kid" Paret (b. 1937)
(white trunks) meet for the world welterweight championship in Madison Square Garden
in New York City in a televised match,
and Griffith knocks Paret out in round 12 after cornering him and pummeling him with a
barrage of 29 consecutive punches (18 in 6 sec.), all seen on TV
("a baseball bat demolishing a pumpkin" - Norman Mailer);
Paret never regains consciousness and dies 10 days later, causing boxing
to be banned on TV for more than a decade; earlier Griffith had KO'd Paret
to win the championship, and Paret had come back to reclaim the title
by a decision in a rematch; at the weigh-in Paret taunts Griffith, calling
him a maricon (homosexual) for visiting gay nightclubs, causing him to live
under a cloud after the death; coverage of Vietnam ends up filling the gap
in the public's need for bread and circuses?
On Mar. 26 the 1962 NBA Draft
sees nine teams select 102 players in 16 rounds; 6'6" Detroit, Mich.-born forward
David Albert "Dave" "Big D" DeBusschere (1940-2003)
of Detroit U. is drafted as their territorial pick by the Detroit Pistons (#22), becoming
a player-coach in 1964 (youngest coach in NBA history until ?); in 1969 he is traded to
the New York Knicks, helping them defeat the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1970 and 1973 finals;
6'8" Middletown, Ohio-born rebounding expert
Jerry Ray Lucas (1940-)
of Ohio State U. drafted as their territorial pick by the Cincinnati Royals (#16), becoming
their great white hope, boosting attendance throughout the 1960s, winning rookie of the year
and going 55-25 his first season, defeating the Boston Celtics by 7-5 for the
Eastern Div. title, going on to become known for scoring a 20-20 (20 points and 20 rebounds)
and playing 44-46 min. per game despite bad knees; in 1971 he is traded to the
San Francisco Warriors, followed by the New York Knicks in 1971-4;
in 1973 the Knicks win the 1973 title, making Lucas the first U.S. basketball player to win
championships at every level incl. h.s., college, Olympics, and prof.;
6'5" Martins Ferry, Ohio-born forward-guard
John Joseph "Hondo" Havlicek (1940-)
of Ohio State U. is drafted #7 overall by the Boston Celtics (#17), retiring in 1978
after revolutionizing the sixth man role and winning more NBA championships than any
other players except teammates Bill Russell and Sam Jones;
6'6" Benton Harbor, Mich.-born forward
Chester "Chet" "the Jet" Walker (1940-)
of Bradley U. is drafted #12 overall by the Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (#25),
becoming a starting forward on the 1966-7 team (best NBA team of all time) before
being traded to the Chicago Bulls in 1969, retiring in 1975.
In spring the Am. Wheelchair Bowling Assoc. (AWBA)
is founded in Louisville, Ky. by Richard F. Carlson
of Huntsville, Ala.
On Apr. 7-18 the 1962 NBA Finals
sees the Boston Celtics (coach Red Auerbach) defeat the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Fred Schaus)
by 4-3; on Apr. 14 in Game 5 high-flying acrobatic 6'5" forward
Elgin Gay Baylor (1934-)
of the Los Angeles Lakers (inventor of modern offensive basketball?)
scores 61 points and 22 rebounds against the Boston Celtics for a 126-121 win and a 3-2 series lead, becoming their first trip
to the finals since moving to Calif.; on Apr. 18 in Game 7 after 6'3" Lakers guard
Franklin Delano "Frank" Selvy (1932-)
misses an 18-ft. baseline jumper that would have broken a 100-100 tie and given them the win, the Celtics come back 110-107 in OT to win the title,
spurred by 30 points and 40 rebounds by 6'9 center
William Felton "Bill" Russell (1934-);
led by 6'2" guard
"Gentleman" "Mr. Clutch" Jerry Alan West (1938-),
the Lakers reach the finals 6x between this year and 1969, and lose 6x to the
Boston Celtics, incl. all three game sevens (1962, 1966, 1969).
On Apr. 10 Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, Calif. hosts its first MLB game.
On Apr. 10-22 the
1962 Stanley Cup Finals
see the Toronto Maple Leafs defeat the Chicago Black Hawks 4-2, becoming their first since 1951,
becoming the 5th
NHL dynasty in 1962-7;
5'10" Leafs left wing (#9)
Terrance Richard "Dick" Duff (1936-)
scores the series-winning goal; 6'1" Leafs left wing (#2)
Francis William "Frank" "Big M" Mahovlich (1938-),
who leads the team in goals scored in 1960-1 through 1965-6 is lowballed and walks out of training
camp in Sept., and is almost stolen by the Chicago Black Hawks, who accuse the Leafs of reneging
on a deal to buy him for $1M, after which fans begin booing him, causing him to suffer from depression,
after which he is traded on Mar. 3, 1968 to the Detroit Red Wings, then on Jan. 13, 1971 to the
Montreal Canadiens, continuing to set goal-scoring records.
On May 20 the first PBA Tournament of Champions
in Indianapolis, Ind. sees all 25 previous PBA tournament winners invited to compete; the winner of the $15K first prize is
Joe Joseph (1918-88);
in 1965 it becomes an annual event sponsored (until 1993) by Firestone Tire and held at Riviera Lanes in
Fairlawn, Ohio near the Firestone World HQ in Akron, Ohio; in the 1967 tournament in Akron, Ohio on
Apr. 1, 1967 Jack Biondolillo (1940-)
rolls the first nationally-televised 300 game, which isn't duplicated until 2015 by
Sean Rash (1982-);
meanwhile Don Johnson (1970) and Mika Koivuniema (2011) score 299 games; in 2002-7 the tournament
is held at Mohegan Sun Arena in Uncasville, Conn.; in 2008-12 it is held in Las Vegas, Nev.
On May 30 the 1962 (46th) Indianapolis 500
is won by Rodger Ward (1921-2004) (2nd win);
Parnelli Jones breaks the 150 mph barrier in qualifying.
On June 17 the Grand Steeplechase in Paris sees super horse
Mandarin
break his bit early in the race, then injure his foreleg, and still win by a head
over French horse Lumino; Mandarin's jockey is
Frederick Thomas "Fred" Winter
(1926-2004).
On July 11 Fred Baldasare
becomes the first person to swim the English Channel underwater.
On Aug. 11 the first
NFL Pro Football Hall of Fame Game
at Fawcett Stadium in Canton, Ohio sees the New York Giants tie the St. Louis Cardinals 21-21.
On Aug. 19 24-y.-o. U. of Houston grad.
Homero Blancas Jr.
(1938-) completes the 1st round of the Premier Invitational Tournament in 55 strokes (27 and 28),
setting a golf record; Arnold Palmer wins his 2nd British Open in a row, and also ties with
Jack Nicklaus in the U.S. Open, but Nicklaus wins the playoff, becoming his first major pro title;
Palmer wins the Masters for a 3rd time, and wins $81,448.33 for the year.
Rodney George "Rod" Laver
(1938-) of Australia wins the grand slam of tennis.
The 7th FIFA World Cup of Soccer.
Los Angeles Dodgers black shortstop
Maurice Morning "Maury" Wills
(1932-) steals 104 bases this season, breaking Ty Cobb's
47-y.-o. record and changing the game by introducing the stolen base
as an offensive weapon.
Harland James Svare
(1930-) is named head coach of the Los Angeles Rams (until 1965),
becoming the NFL's youngest head coach at 31 years 11 mo.
The New York Mets (NL),
who play at the Polo Grounds debut with 120 regular season losses,
managed in 1962-5 by "the Old Perfessor"
Charles Dillon "Casey" Stengel
(1890-1975), who won 10 pennants and 7 World Series as mgr. of
the New York Yankees in 1949-60; former Pittsburgh Pirates star Ralph Kiner
becomes a Mets announcer for 53 seasons; too bad, they come in last all
four years, becoming known as the "Lovable Losers" because of Stengel's
lovable comments, causing him to call them the "Amazin' Mets", with the
soundbyte "I've been in this game a hundred years, but I see new ways
to lose I never knew existed before", and says of his three catchers
"I got one that can throw but can't catch, one that can catch but can't
throw, and one who can hit but can't do either"; his soundbyte "Can't
anybody play this here game?" is misquoted as "Can't anybody here play
this game?", becoming famous.
6' Charles L. "Sonny" Liston
(1928-71) ("the Big Bear") (who learned boxing in prison from a
Roman Catholic priest) KOs Floyd Patterson in round 1 on Sept. 25 at Comiskey Park
in Chicago, Ill., becoming world heavyweight boxing champ #21 (until 1964).
On Dec. 30 the 13-1 Green Bay Packers defeat the 12-2 New York Giants 16-7 to win
the 30th NFL championship;
Raymond Ernest "Ray" Nitschke
(1936-98) of the Packers is MVP.
Rod Laver wins the Wimbledon men's single title, and
Karen Hantze Susman
(1942-) of the U.S. wins the women's title.
Weatherly of the U.S. defeats
Gretel
of Australia 4-1 to win the America's Cup yacht race.
J. Wilbert Sims (1921-76)
of Chicago, Ill. becomes the first African-Am. bowler to appear on a PBA telecast, their first.
Bill Soberanes (1921-2003) and
Dave Devoto
organize the first World Wristwrestling Championship
in Petaluma, Calif.
A chess-playing program on an IBM Model 7014 computer beats blind checkers champ
Robert W. Nealey
of Stamford, Conn. (his first loss since 1954); meanwhile U.S. chess champ Bobby Fischer (the Fischer King?) accuses Soviet chess players of using
collusive tactics in the Candidates Tournament in Curacao, and refuses to play in any tournament sponsored by the Internat. Chess Federation (ICF), prompting the
latter to adopt new rules making collusion more difficult.
The number of U.S. bowling lanes grows to 160K from 65K in 1957, while AMF and Brunswick become the hottest stocks on the NYSE; too bad, in 1963 U.S. growth hits a
brick wall
and tanks, but by the mid-1960s a new boom that started in Great Britain in the early 1960s spreads over Europe, while another boom starts in Japan, reaching 3,770 bowling centers
with 123K lanes, changing 10-pin bowling to an internat. sport.
Richard Stanley "Dick" Francis (1920-)
of Wales retires after 16 years as a racing journalist and becomes a novelist; before that he was a jockey, winning 350+ races; by 2006 he pub. 40 novels, all about guess what?
Architecture:
On May 25 the new Coventry Cathedral in West Midlands, England, designed by Scottish architect Sir
Basil Urwin Spence (1907-76) is consecrated.
The cool space-age Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel
(begun 1956), designed by Chicago architect Walter A. Netsch (1920-2008)
is built on the campus of the new Air Force Academy in Colo. Springs, Colo., near Pikes Peak; on Sept. 22 $3.5M Falcon Stadium
opens on the Air Force Academy campus, and the first football game is played with Colo. State U.; the authorities make the mistake
of opening the whole campus to visitors, and 85K show up, creating the biggest traffic jam in Colo. history (until ?); USAF Gen. Jimmy Stewart gives a speech.
On Oct. 31 the steel girder truss toll Saul Ste. Marie Internat. Bridge (begun 1960) opens,
connecting Michigan's Upper Peninsula to Ontario, Canada over the St. Marys River.
On Nov. 17 Washington Dulles Internat. Airport in Loudoun and Fairfax Counties, Va.
26 mi. W of downtown Washington, D.C. opens, named after U.S. secy. of state #52 John Foster Dulles (1888-1959), with a main terminal designed by Eero Saarinen, becoming the
busiest internat. airport in the mid-Atlantic area outside New York City (60K passengers/day).
On Dec. 15 Vail Ski Resort in Colo. at the base of Vail Mountain at Vail Pass opens, founded by U.S. Army 10th Mountan Div. veteran
Peter Werner "Pete" Seibert (1924-2002),
rancher Earl Eaton, and George Pack Caulkins Jr., named after highway engineer Charles Vail, who routed U.S Highway 6 through Eagle Valley in 1940
(which becomes Interstate 70), with two lifts (ticket price $5) and one gondola, expanding to five lifts and a lodge and becoming the most popular ski resort
in Colo. by 1970; in 1968 Mich. Repub. rep. Gerald Ford brings his family there, and becomes a fan, and in 1970 he buys a condo there, eventually becoming known
as "the First Citizen of the Vail Valley"; after the 1976 Winter Olympics are awarded to Denver, Seibert offers Vail and nearby Beaver Creek to host the skiing events
until funding is rejected in Nov. 1972 and the games are returned to Innsbruck, Austria, home of the 1964 Winter Olympics.
The 935-ft. (285m) high, 2,280 ft. (695m) wide Grand Dixence Dam
in Dixence, Switzerland is completed, becoming the world's highest dam (until 1980) (first to break the 900 ft. barrier).
Gruen Towers in Boston, Mass. in Charles River Park is designed by Austrian-born architect
Victor Gruen (1903-80).
The 113K-sq.-ft. secret Greenbrier Bunker is built in White Sulphur Springs, W. Va. under the direction of Pres. Eisenhower to
house members of the U.S. Congress in the event of a nuclear war - along with a Wheel of Fortune and a ton of cash?
The New Festival Theater Hall in Salzburg, Austria opens.
The Palacio de la Zarzuela
becomes home to newlyweds Juan Carlos and his wife; Francisco Franco lives in the Palace of El Pardo, and the king lives in the Royal Palace of Madrid; after
Franco's death El Pardo is used by foreign state guests, and the Palacio de la Moncloa becomes the residence of the Spanish pres.
The Watergate Complex in Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C. begins construction (ends 1971), becoming one of the most
desirable living spaces in the city.
Nobel Prizes:
Peace: Linus Carl Pauling (1901-94) (U.S.);
Lit.: John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. (1902-68) (U.S.);
"For his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"; most of his work
is set in the Salinas Valley and Coast Ranges of C Calif.; chosen as the best of a poor list of candidates incl. Jean Anouilh, Karen Blixen, Lawrence Durrell,
and Robert Graves; the New York Times disses him as an author whose "limited talent is, in his best books, watered down by tenth-rate philosophising."
Physics: Lev Davidovich Landau (1908-68) (Soviet Union) [liquid helium];
Chem.: Max Ferdinand Perutz (1914-2002) and
John Cowdery Kendrew (1917-97) (England) [myoglobin and hemoglobin structure];
Medicine: James Dewey Watson (1928-) (U.S.),
Francis Harry Compton Crick (1916-2004) (U.S.),
and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins (1916-2004) (New Zealand) [DNA structure].
Inventions:
On Apr. 26 the Lockheed A-12 "Archangel" "Oxcart" "Cygnus"
spy plane, designed by Clarence "Kelly" Johnson, using titanium sold unknowingly by the Soviet Union makes its first flight, becoming the first
Stealth Aircraft;
it can fly at 2K mph and take photos at 90K ft. alt. that can resolve 1 ft. objects on the ground; on May 22, 1967 it is put into service as the successor to the U-2, arriving at
Kadena Air Base in Okinawa to begin Operation Black Shield over North Vietnam; too bad, after close calls with North Vietnamese SAMs it is decommissioned next June.
On May 30 the twin-engine supersonic Sukhou Su-15 "Flagon"
interceptor makes its first flight, replacing the Su-9 and Su-11 when introduced in 1965, continuing in use until the fall of the Soviet Union; on Sept. 1, 1983 one shoots down
Korean Air Lines Flight 007; 1,290 are produced by 1996.
In Aug. the twin turboshaft engine all-weather day-night Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight
medium-lift tandem rotor transport heli makes its first flight, being adopted by the U.S. Marine Corps until being replaced by the MV-22 Osprey in 2007, and by the U.S. Navy until
being replaced by the MH-60S Knighthawk in the early 2000s; Canada, Japan, Sweden, and Saudi Arabia also adopt it.
On Sept. 19 the wide-bodied Aero Spacelines Pregnant Guppy (B377PG)
cargo plane makes its first flight, made from a modified Boeing 377 Stratocruiser to carry space program components,
inspiring other giant cargo aircraft incl. the Airbus Beluga and Boeing Dreamlifter.
Willard S. Boyle (1924-)
and Donald F. Nelson of Bell Labs invent the first
Continuously Operating Ruby Laser - how did you get the nickname Hot Pants?
The loop diuretic Furosemide (AKA Lasix) is discovered, becoming the drug of choice for fluid buildup due to heart failure et al.
In Nov. Sir John Charnley (1922-82)
of Britain perfects Hip Replacement Surgery,
AKA Low Frictional Torque Arthroplasty (LFA), using high molecular weight polytethylene (HMWP), which
is more durable than Teflon (polytetrafluorethylene); in 1969 the first hip replacement surgery in the U.S. is
performed at the Mayo Clinic.
The RS-232
(Recommended Standard 32) for serial data exchange between computers and peripherals (modems, etc.) is introduced.
The Fuji Apple,
developed in Morioka, Japan in the late 1930s is brought to market, crossing the Red Delicious
and old Virginny Ralls Genet (Rawls Jennet) varieties, becoming known for being crispier and
sweeter than other varieties, with a shelf life of 6 mo.
Polaroid Corp. introduces high-speed color film that produces prints in 60 sec (vs. 10 sec. for B&W film).
UCB political science prof. Joseph Pratt Harris (1896-1985)
and UCB mechanical engineering prof. William "Bill" Rouverol (1918-)
invent the Votomatic automated vote-counting system using punched card ballots, which is used in Calif. and Ore.,
and spreads to 20% of all U.S. election districts; too bad, a non-recommended butterfly ballot
is used in the 2000 U.S. Pres. Election, causing the infamous "hanging chad" problem that disenfranchizes 19K voters and gives George H.W. Bush's son George W. Bush the presidency.
Yukio Horie et al. of Tokyo Stationery Co. of Japan introduce the
Pentel, the first acrylic-tipped (fiber-tipped) felt pen, employing capillary action.
The Interrobang English language punctuation mark (combining the question mark and exclamation point) is invented by U.S. ad man
Martin K. Speckter (1915-88) - how about the commabang and the gangbang?
The Melitta Bentz Co.
of Germany patents vacuum-packed coffee.
The first visible-spectrum Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
are developed by Nick Holonyak Jr. (1928-) of Gen. Electric.
Earl William "Madman" Muntz
(1914-87) of the U.S. invents the Muntz Stereo Pack,
a 4-track tape cartridge player, launching the car stereo market.
Science:
On Apr. 13 Am. chemist Richard Williams (1928-)
discovers the principle behind Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs),
causing Am. engineer George Harry Heilmeier (1936-) of RCA Labs to create the first LCD in 1964.
On Apr. 24 MIT achieves the first satellite relay of a TV signal between Camp Parks, Calif., and Westford, Mass.
On May 9 a laser beam is successfully bounced off the Moon for the first time.
Neil Bartlett (1932-)
of the U. of British Columbia in Canada ends the belief that all noble gases are nonreacting
by combining xenon with fluorine and platinum to create xenon-platinum hexafluoride.
In July during the Star Fish Prime above-ground nuclear test at 680 ft. alt., 300 streetlights are disabled 898 mi. away in Hawaii, setting off numerous burglar alarms and
damaging a telephone co. microwave link, causing the U.S. govt. to discover the gamma ray
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP),
caused by a nuclear blast.
Peter K. Chudinov
of the Soviet Union revives 250M-y.-o. fossil algae - did their ID cards give their age?
Philadelphia, Penn.-born child psychologist
Leon Eisenberg (1922-2009)
conducts the first randomized clinical trial of a psychiatric medicine; he goes on to promote the concept of
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
in children, getting it accepted by the medical and pharmaceutical industries, becoming known
as "the Father of ADHD"; ADHD is actually a
fictitious disease
that made him rich?
The 1-shot Enders Vaccine
for measles is perfected by 1954 Nobel Med. Prize winner
John Franklin Enders (1897-),
causing U.S. measles cases to drop from 400K this year to 22,231 in 1968.
Indian-born British psychoanalyst Wilfred Ruprecht Bion (1897-1979)
pub. the paper
A Theory of Thinking,
in which he emphasizes that the mind grows through exposure to Truth, with mental development and truth
being based on emotional experience, becoming known as one of those "inspired bizarre analysts... who demand not
that their patients get better but that they pursue Truth."
Am. physicist Richard Phillips Feynman (1918-88) discovers a theory of
Quantum Gravity,
which is independently discovered by Steven Weinberg and Bryce DeWitt; too bad, they can't get rid of derivatives higher than second order, requiring the
equations to have an infinite number of terms, causing them to reject it; in 2005 Am. physicist
Frank J. Tipler (1947-) claims that if the Big Bang and Omega Point are incl., it becomes correct.
Italian-born Am. astronomer Riccardo Giacconi (1931-)
discovers X-rays in astronomical sources using an instrumented rocket, winning him the 2002 Nobel Physics Prize.
English biologist Sir John Bertrand Gurdon (1932-)
of Oxford U. claims to have created cloned frogs
from adult cells, sparking a public debate on cloning.
22-y.-o. British physicist Brian David Josephson (1940-)
discovers the Josephson Effect,
the quantum mechanical tunneling of paired electrons (Cooper Pairs) through a thin barrier between semiconductors, after which Japanese-born physicist
Leo (Reona) Esaki (1925-)
of Sony Corp. and Norwegian-born Am. physicist Ivar Giaever (1929-)
of Gen. Electric use the effect to increase transistor switching speeds by 10x-100x, winning them the 1973 Nobel Physics Prize.
Jewish-Am. physicists Leon Max Lederman (1922-),
Melvin Schwartz (1932-2006), and
Jack Steinberger (1921-) discover the
Muon Neutrino
using the 30 GEV proton accelerator at Brookhaven, N.Y., winning them the 1988 Nobel Physics Prize.
Am. psychologist Sarnoff A. Mednick
begins the longitudinal Copenhagen High-Risk-for Schizophrenia Study
(ends 1986) of 207 children of women with schizophrenia starting at avg. age 15, disproving that schizophrenia is caused by low socioeconomic status, tracing
it to enlarged cerebral ventricular enlargement caused by insults in utero.
Rochester, N.Y.-born psychologist Mark Richard Rosenzweig (1922-2009)
discovers that rats placed in environmentally-enriched environments (toys, ladders, tunnels, wheels) increase their cerebral cortex
volume, exploding the theory that brain structure is fixed by adulthood.
Flushing, N.Y.-born psychologist Stanley Schachter (1922-97) and
Jerome Singer
propose the Two-Factor Theory of Emotion,
which states that emotion is a function of both cognitive factors and physiological arousal; "People search the immediate environment for emotionally relevant cues to label
and interpret unexplained physiological arousal."
Am. molecular biologist Sol Spiegelman (1914-83)
develops the technique of Nucleic Acid Hybridization,
allowing the detection of specific DNA and RNA molecules in cells.
In 1966 he helps discover an enzyme that allows RNA molecules to duplicate themselves - Pandora's Box is opened?
Scottish economist John Marcus Fleming (1911-76),
followed in 1963 by Canadian economist Robert Alexander Mundell (1932-)
independently pub. the Mundell-Fleming (IS-LM-BoP) Model of the Economy,
extending the IS-LM Model from a closed to open economy, proposing the Impossible (Unholy) (Irreconcilable) (Inconsistent) Trinity, that an economy
cannot simultaneously maintain a fixed exchange rate, free capital movement, and an independent monetary policy, only two of the three; in 1963 Mundell pub.
Inflation and Real Interest,
showing that expected inflation has real economic effects, causing nominal interest rates to rise less than 1-for-1 with inflation after people exchange money for
non-money assets; in 1965 Am. economist James Tobin (1918-2002) pub.
Money and Economic Growth,
echoing him, causing it to become known as the Mundell-Tobin Effect.
Nonfiction:
M.H. Abrams (1912-) (ed.), The Norton Anthology of English Literature.
Joy Adamson (1910-80), Forever Free; sequel to "Born Free" (1960) and "Living Free" (1961).
Franz Alexander, The Scope of Psychoanalysis 1921-61: Selected Papers.
Stephen Edward Ambrose (1936-2002), Halleck: Lincoln's Chief of Staff.
Rey Anthony (Maxine Sanini), The Housewife's Handbook on Selective Promiscuity;
pub. by Ralph Ginzburg (1929-2006),
who is immediately targeted by U.S. atty.-gen. Robert F. Kennedy after being put up to it by but, er, smut-hating Jesuit priest
Morton A. Hill (1917-85), 1962 founder of Morality in Media;
good Roman Catholic RFK railroads swarthy Trotsky-lookalike smut-peddling Jew Ginzburg in federal court all the way through the U.S. Supreme Court in 1966 by a close 5-4
vote despite the work not being obscene, using the ad for it as a "confession" of obscenity, because it offers a full refund "if the book fails to reach you because
of a U.S. Post Office censorship interference" (as if his opinion that the govt. might censor it were on trial instead of the book itself? what if he had been publishing
the Bible and guaranteed it to be obscene, offering a refund after the govt. bows to his pronouncement and bans all Bibles nationwide? what happened to the Supreme Court make it
to bow to Catholic pressure like that? forget the Kennedy Camelot crap, who except Catholics want Catholic puppet RFK in the White House after this?);
Ginzburg's bro', er, friend Allen Ginsberg pickets the Supreme Court bldg. in protest in vain, even after the Fanny Hill decision makes the ruling a joke.
Philippe Aries (1914-84), Centuries of Childhood
(L'Enfant et la Vie Familiale sous l'Ancient Regime); how in "medieval society, the idea of childhood did not exist", and that adults
first developed the concept of childhood in the 13th cent., and took until the 17th cent. for the idea to become an accepted part of family life; he forgets
about the words of Jesus, "Suffer the little children to come unto me" (Matt. 19:14)?
W.H. Auden (1907-73), The Dyer's Hand (essays).
Anne L. Austin and Isabel Maitland Stewart (1878-1963),
A History of Nursing from Ancient to Modern Times: A World View.
William Christopher Barrett (1913-92),
Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: An Anthology (4 vols.).
Cardinal Augustin Bea (1881-1968), The Christian Union;
advocates a Roman Catholic U-turn toward the Jews.
Edward Latimer "Ned" Beach (1918-2002), Around the World Submerged; his 1960 underwater jaunt.
Ernest Becker (1924-74), The Birth and Death of Meaning: A Perspective in Psychiatry and Anthropology.
Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer (1899-1972), Reflections of a Darwinian.
Lerone Bennett Jr. (1928-2018), Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America, 1619-1962.
Phyllis Eleanor Bentley (1894-1977), O Dreams O Destinations (autobio.);
the bestselling West Riding novelist, who unfortunately becomes forgotten after her death.
Wilfred Bion (1897-1979), Learning from Experience.
Paul Blanshard (1892-1980), Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal.
Robert Bloch (1917-94), The Eighth Stage of Fandom (autobio.).
David Bohm (1917-92) et al., Quanta and Reality: A Symposium.
Phyllis Bottome (1884-1963), The Goal (autobio.).
Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93),
Conflict and Defence: A General Theory.
Claude Bowers (1878-1958), My Life: The Memoirs of Claude Bowers (autobio.) (posth.).
Fernand Braudel (1902-85), A History of Civilizations;
from the 8th cent. on; tries to take the event-based approach off the table, pissing-off the French ministry of education.
Charles Dunbar Broad (1887-1971), Lectures on Psychical Research.
Helen Gurley Brown (1922-), Sex and the Single Girl.
James McGill Buchanan Jr. (1919-) and Gordon Tullock (1922-2014),
The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy,
melding economics with political science, reviving Public Choice Theory by differentiating politics (the rules of the game) from public policy
(the strategies to adopt within the rules), defining the constitution as the line drawn between private and collective action, and identifying
the phenomenon of rent-seeking, founding Constitutional Economics,
the economic analysis of constitutional law, which rejects "any organic conception of the state as superior in wisdom to the citizens of the state."
Albert Camus (1913-60), Notebooks 1934-1942.
Rachel Carson (1907-64), Silent Spring (Sept. 27); bestseller about manmade chemicals in the environment,
sparking the rise of the environmental movement and causing DDT to be banned in the U.S. on Jan. 1, 1972; too bad, its scientific conclusions are
moose hockey, and banning DDT causes 50M+ deaths by the time WHO resumes spraying in Sept. 2006?
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The World Factbook (Aug); the first unclassified vers. is pub. in June 1971,
made available to the public in print in 1975, and put on the Web in Oct. 1994; by July 2011 it has 267 entities, divided into categories.
Frank Chodorov (1877-1966), Out of Step: The Autobiography of an Individualist (autobio.).;
Am. anti-income tax libertarian and colleague of William F. Buckley Jr.
Stuart Chase (1888-1985), American Credos.
Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), Profiles of the Future (essays);
contains the essay "Hazards of Prophecy", in which he proposes Clarke's Laws of Sci-Fi: 1. When a scientist says that something is possible, he is probably right, but when he
says it's impossible, he's probably wrong. 2. The only way of discovering the limits of the posible is to venture into the impossible. In 1973 he adds 3. Any sufficiently
advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, adding "As three laws were good enough for Newton, I have modestly decided to stop there."
Sidney Cohen (1910-87), Psychochemotherapy: The Physician's Manual.
Carleton Stevens Coon (1904-81), The Origin of Races;
U. of Penn. physical anthropologist summarizes all the scientific data, combining it with conclusions that are eagerly latched onto by white supremacists, turning it controversial;
proposes the Candelbra Hypothesis, that races evolved separately from the Homo erectus to Homo sapiens sapiens stage, with some gene flow, and that some races reached the
final stage before others, resulting in a higher degree of civilization;
"Throughout 6,000 years of recorded history the pure-blooded African has invented nothing. Not a written language, weaved cloth, a calender, a plow, a road, a bridge, a railway,
a ship, a system of measurement, or even the wheel. His shelter has never progressed beyond the common mud hut, the construction of which a muskrat is capable";
"Wherever Homo arose, and Africa is at present the most likely continent, he soon dispersed, in a very primitive form, throughout the warm regions of the Old World...
If Africa was the cradle of mankind, it was only an indifferent kindergarten. Europe and Asia were our principal schools";
"The earliest Homo sapiens known, as represented by several examples from Europe and Africa, was an ancestral long-headed white man of short stature and moderately great brain size";
"The negro group probably evolved parallel to the white strain."
Jonathan Worth Daniels (1902-81), The Devil's Backbone: The Story of the Natchez Trace;
where Meriwether Lewis died.
Bernice Freeman Davis (1905-2002), Assignment San Quentin.
F.W. Deakin, The Brutal Friendship: Mussolini, Hitler and the Fall of Italian Fascism.
Leon Edel (1907-97), Henry James: The Conquest of London, 1870-1881;
Henry James: The Middle Years, 1882-1895 (Pulitzer Prize).
Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Patanjali and Yoga.
Douglas Engelbart (1925-2013), Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework (Oct.);
pioneers online education, releasing the oNLine System at Stanford Research Inst. in 1968.
Martin Esslin (1918-2002), The Absurd Theater; Hungarian-born English Jew coins the term "
theatre of the absurd".
Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger (1918-2011), The Prospect of Immortality;
Mich. college physics teacher launches the don't-cry-freeze Cryonics Movement,
devoted to preserving people's hopes of being cured through cryogenic freezing until science advances enough to cure them, given that they can be successfully unfrozen;
the first volunteer (man) is cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen in 1967.
Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006), Penelope at War.
Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003) et al., The Riddle of Shakespeare's Sonnets.
Louis Fischer (1896-1970) (ed.), The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology.
Pat Frank (1908-64), How to Survive the H-Bomb and Why.
Milton Friedman (1912-2006),
Capitalism and Freedom;
bestseller (500K copies); argues that political freedom requires
economic freedom, and disses U.S. liberals for coopting the
European Enlightenment name; advocates an all-volunteer military,
free-floating exchange rates, abolition of medical licenses, a
negative income tax, and education vouchers; big hit, making him
a conservative-libertarian star.
Erich Fromm (1900-80), Beyond the Chains of Illusion: My Encounter with Marx and Freud.
David Gale (1921-2008) and Lloyd S. Shapley (1923-),
College Admissions and the Stability of Marriage;
solves the Stable Marriage Problem.
John William Gardner (1912-2002), To Turn the Tide.
Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931), Spiritual Sayings (posth.).
Siegfried Giedion (1888-1968), The Eternal Present (1962, 1964) (last work).
Ralph Ginzburg (1929-2006) (ed.), 100 Years of Lynchings.
Paul Goodman (1911-72), Utopian Essays and Practical Proposals.
Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), The Siege and Fall of Troy;
The Big Green Book; illustrated by Maurice Sendak.
Sebastian de Grazia (1917-2000), Of Time, Work and Leisure;
leisure as a time for contemplation not just recreation.
Constance McLaughlin Green (1897-1975), Washington, Village and Capital: 1800-1878
(Pulitzer Prize); followed by "Washington, Capital: 1879-1950" (1963).
Sir John Habakkuk (1915-2002), American and British Technology in the Nineteenth Century: The Search for Labour-Saving Inventions.
Jurgen Habermas (1929-), The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere;
the creation of the "bourgeois public sphere" in 18th cent. Europe that nourished the Age of Enlightenment.
Elizabeth Hardwick (1916-2007), A View of My Own (autobio.); by poet Robert Lowell's 2nd wife (1949-72).
Michael Harrington (1928-89), The Other America: Poverty in the United States;
40M-50M "invisible poor", "internal aliens" in the midst of the "affluent society" (oh my!); inspires JFK to create a poverty program, and when he is killed too soon to do it,
it inspires LBJ's War on Poverty; don't tell people but he's a dem. socialist;
The Retail Clerks.
Theodore Martin Hesburgh (1917-2005), Thoughts for Our Times.
William Best Hesseltine (1902-63),
The Tragic Conflict: The Civil War and Reconstruction.
Philip Khuri Hitti (1886-1978), Islam and the West.
Paul Gray Hoffman (1891-1974), World Without Want.
David Joel Horowitz (1939-), Student: The Political Activities of the Berkeley Students.
Albert Hourani (1915-93), Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1789-1939;
the Arab world was open to modern Euro culture before it closed up in the early
years of the Cold War?
Irving Howe (1920-93) (ed.),
Edith Wharton: A Collection of Critical Essays.
Irving Howe (1920-93) and Jeremy Larner (1937-),
Poverty: Views from the Left.
Langston Hughes (1902-67),
Fight for Freedom: The Story of the NAACP.
Julian Huxley (1887-1975),
The Humanist Frame.
Harford Montgomery Hyde (1907-89),
The Quiet Canadian:
The Secret Service Story of Sir William Stephenson (Intrepid);
WWII Canadian spymaster Sir William Stephenson (1897-1989).
C.L.R. James (1901-89),
Marxism and the Intellectuals.
Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-),
Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: The Emergence of Revolutionary China, 1937-1945;
becomes std. textbook in the West.
Herman Kahn (1922-83),
On Thermonuclear War;
named after Carl von Clausewitz's 1832 "On War"; argues that nuclear war is winnable as long as
the U.S. has 2nd strike capability along with strong conventional forces that help forestall
the nuclear option, and is willing to do what's required, incl. serving contaminated food to
the elderly, causing the
Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)
doctrine of John von Neumann to continue to rule with his modifications, pissing-off critics,
and being seized on by pacifists incl. Bertrand Russell as proof that nuclear war is so
unavoidable that it's time for full disarmament;
Thinking About the Unthinkable;
a response to critics, with a softer tone.
Alfred Kazin (1915-98),
Contemporaries
(essays); how contemporary U.S. novelists create "subjective fantasies"
that are inadequate as a substitute for "public belief".
Robert Francis Kennedy (1925-68),
Just Friends and Brave Enemies.
Walter Kerr (1913-96),
The Decline of Pleasure.
Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980),
A Sea Ringed with Visions
(autobio.).
Joseph Wood Krutch (1893-1970),
More Lives Than One
(autobio.).
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922-96),
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions;
introduces the term "paradigm shift".
Christopher Lasch (1932-94),
The American Liberals and the Russian Revolution.
Walter Lord (1917-2002),
The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War.
Albert John Luthuli (1898-1967),
Let My People Go.
Dwight Macdonald (1906-82),
Against the American Grain: Essays on the Effects of Mass Culture;
incl. Masscult and Midcult.
Marshall McLuhan (1911-80),
The Gutenberg Galaxy;
analyzes the emergence of "Gutenberg Man" after the invention of the
printing press in the 1400s, and concludes that "The medium is the
message", meaning that spoken words are richer in meaning or hotter
than written words, and TV can save mankind by turning the world into
a global village, destroying the old concept of nations.
Gardiner C. Means (1896-1988),
Pricing Power and the Public Interest;
disses the steel industry for its "administered prices" that have risen
at 6x the rate of labor costs, contributing to inflation, influencing
the JFK admin. to hold prices down;
The Corporate Revolution in America;
"We now have single corporate enterprises employing hundreds of thousands
of workers, having hundreds of thousands of stockholders, using billions
of dollars' worth of the instruments of production, serving millions of
customers, and controlled by a single management group. These are great
collectives of enterprise, and a system composed of them might well be
called 'collective capitalism'."
George Armitage Miller (1920-2012),
Psychology, the Science of Mental Life;
rejects the idea that psychology should only study behavior.
Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973),
The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science.
Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Once There was a Nun: Mary McCarran's Years as Sister Mary Mercy
(first book).
Alan Moorehead (1910-83),
The Blue Nile.
Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013),
The Gentle Puritan: A Life of Ezra Stiles, 1727-1795.
Frederic Morton (1924-),
The Rothschilds: Portrait of a Dynasty.
Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (1888-1960),
Crossroads of Power: Essays on Eighteenth-Century England
(posth.); "Historical research to this day remains unorganized, and the historian is expected to
make his own instruments or do without them; and so with wooden ploughs we continue to draw lonely
furrows, most successfully when we strike sand."
Richard Nixon (1913-94),
Six Crises
(autobio.); the 1958 Alger Hiss Case, the 1952 Checkers Speech, the
1955 Ike heart attack (forcing him to become acting pres. for a few weeks),
his dangerous 1958 visit to South Am., the 1959 Kitchen Debate with Khrushchev,
and the 1960 pres. campaign against JFK; he only concentrates on building himself
up as real pres. material, which Watergate later proves has its cracks?;
Mao tells him "it's not a bad book" during his 1972 China visit, and he mentions
it approvingly in his 1977 interviews with David Frost.
Philip Noel-Baker (1889-1982),
Nansen's Place in History;
Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930), who helped him evacuate 437K German and Austrian POWs
from Russia in 1921.
Vance Packard (1914-96),
The Pyramid Climbers;
how corporate execs have to be conformists.
John Dos Passos (1896-1970),
Mr. Wilson's War;
history of WWI.
Dexter Perkins and John L. Snell,
The Education of Historians in the United States.
Michael Polanyi (1891-1976),
The Republic of Science: Its Political and Economic Theory;
claims that Big Science should function like an economic market, with research dollars flowing to the best scholars and ideas as determined by
scientific consensus; makes a fan of Charles Koch.
Hortense Powdermaker (1896-1970),
Copper Town;
the media in Northern Rhodesia.
Benjamin Arthur Quarles (1904-96),
Lincoln and the Negro.
Jean Renoir (1894-1979),
Renoir, My Father;
son of Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) tells all.
Joan Robinson (1903-83),
Economic Philosophy;
Essays in the Theory of Economic Growth;
discusses Golden Age growth paths.
Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), Science and Salvation.
Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95),
Man, Economy, and State: A Treatise on Economic Principles;
repub. in 1970 as "Power and Market: Government and the Economy"; argues for a stateless society, calling the state "the organization of
robbery systematized and writ large", opposing central and fractional reserve banking, and govt. interventionism in the affairs of other
nations, making him the hero of the anarcho-capitalist movement; the Austrian School of Ludwig von Mises is back?;
The Panic of 1819: Reactions and Policies.
Royal College of Physicians,
Report on Smoking and Health;
first major report to conclude that smoking causes lung cancer.
Joseph Harold Rush (1911-2006),
The Dawn of Life;
did self-replicating molecules of both-handedness evolve in the primordial soup, until a mutation of one left-handed molecule gave it the
ability to cause the twist?
Anthony Sampson, (1926-2004)
The Anatomy of Britain;
rev. ed. 2004.
Dan Smoot (1913-2003),
The Invisible Government;
"Communists in government during World War II formulated major policies which the Truman administration followed; but when the known Communists were gone,
the policies continued, under Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson. The unseen they who took control of government during World War II still control it."
Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95),
A Private and Public Faith;
"Reading America Biblically rather than the Bible Americanly."
Jan Tinbergen (1903-94),
An Analysis of World Trade Flows
(Jan.); proposes the
Gravity Model of Internat. Trade,
based on Isaac Newton's Law of Gravity.
Peter Tompkins (1919-2007),
A Spy in Rome;
an OSS agent in 1944.
Silvan Solomon Tomkins (1911-91), Affect Imagery Consciousness (2 vols.);
presents Affect Theory,
with affect meaning the "biological portion of emotion"; the Nine Affects are enjoyment/joy and interest/excitement (positive), suprise/startle (neutral),
anger/rage, disgust, dissmell, distress/anguish, fear/terror, shame/humiliation (negative).
Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), America and the World Revolution;
The Economy of the Western Hemisphere;
The Modern-Day Experiment in Western Civilization.
Barbara Wertheim Tuchman (1912-89), The Guns of August
(originally "August 1914") (Pulitzer Prize); bestseller about the first mo. of WWI, "a drama never surpassed" (Churchill); hits the bookshelves during
the Cuban Missile Crisis, and is used by JFK to help him with his decisions.
John Tyndall (1934-2005), The Authoritarian State;
far-right British politician claims that liberal democracy is a Jewish tool of world domination and needs to be replaced with authoritarianism.
John B. Wain (1925-94), Sprightly Running: Part of an Autobiography.
Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81), The Rich Nations and the Poor Nations.
Alan W. Watts (1915-73), The Joyous Cosmology: Adventures in the Chemistry of Consciousness;
"To begin with, this world has a different kind of time. It is the time of biological rhythm, not of the clock and all that goes with the clock. There
is no hurry. Our sense of time is notoriously subjective and thus dependent upon the quality of our attention, whether of interest or boredom, and
upon the alignment of our behavior in terms of routines, goals, and deadlines. Here the present is self-sufficient, but it is not a static present. It
is a dancing present — the unfolding of a pattern which has no specific destination in the future but is simply its own point." (opening)
Alec Waugh (1898-1981), The Early Years of Alec Waugh
(autobio.).
Burton Kendall Wheeler (1882-1975),
Yankee from the West (autobio.).
Sir John W. Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75),
John Anderson, Viscount Waverley;
about "the Home Front Minister".
Lynn White Jr. (1907-87), Medieval Technology and Social Change;
technology is a "prime spiritual achievement"?
William Appleman Williams (1921-90),
The United States, Cuba, and Castro: An Essay on the Dynamics of Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire.
Edmund Wilson (1895-1972), Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War;
portrays Abraham Lincoln as more tyrant than saint, dissing Carl Sandburg's "romantic and sentimental rubbish".
George Woodcock (1912-95), Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements;
big hit with anarchists.
Cecil Blanche Woodham-Smith (1896-1977), The Great Hunger;
lays blame for the Irish Famine on the stankin' English.
Art:
Marc Chagall (1887-1985), King David (1962-3);
The Jerusalem Windows;
The Bay of Angels;
The Green Bird.
Jim Dine (1935-), Black Bathroom No. 2 (sculpture);
a sink attached to black canvas representing a bathroom wall;
Black Shovel No. 2 (sculpture).
Jean Dubuffet (1901-85), Court les rues.
Max Ernst (1891-1976), The Garden of France.
Barbara Hepworth (1903-75),Single Form (Memorial to Dag Hammarskjold) (sculpture).
Robert Indiana (1928-), Eat/Die (you were made for each other?);
The American Hay Company.
Jasper Johns (1930-), Fool's House;
Diver.
Ellsworth Kelly (1923-), Blue White.
Lee Krasner (1908-84), Cobalt Night; just as good as her late hubby Jackson Pollock's 1950 "Lavender Mist No. 1"?
Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), Blam!;
Baked Potato;
Tire,
Takka-Takka;
Head, Yellow and Black;
Masterpiece; a self-referential cartoon.
Richard Lippold (1915-2002), Flight (sculpture).
Agnes Martin (1912-2004),
Blue Flower;
Little Sister.
Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Les Moyens du Creafeur;
Claustrophobic Vaincue;
Mal de Terre;
Eros Semens (triptych) (1962-4).
Henry Moore (1898-1986), Knife Edge - Two Piece (sculpture);
placed opposite the Houses of Parliament, Westminster, London.
Claes Oldenburg 1929-), Two Cheeseburgers with Everything
(burlap-plaster sculpture).
Eliot Porter (1901-90), In Wilderness is the Preservation of the World (photos).
Fairfield Porter (1907-75),
The Garden Road.
Bridget Riley (1931-), Blaze 1.
Larry Rivers (1923-2002), Mr. Art.
James Rosenquist (1933-), Silver Skies;
Bedspring.
Ed Ruscha (1937-), Actual Size;
Large Trademark with Eight Spotlights.
David Smith (1906-65), Voltri Bolton;
27 sculptures made in 30 days using scrap then shown in the streets of Spoleto, Italy to bring out the contrast with ancient Roman art.
Wayne Thiebaud (1920-), Salads, Sandwiches, and Desserts;
Four Pin Ball Machines.
Andy Warhol (1928-87), Campbell's Soup Can Series;
Green Coca-Cola Bottles;
Do-It-Yourself Landscape;
Black and White Disaster - makes
himself the symbol of the 1960s by raising himself up as the symbol and saying I'm talentless, fork you, buy me?
Tom Wesselmann (1931-2004), Still Life No. 15;
Still Life No. 20: Mixed Media.
Music:
Arthur Alexander (1940-93), You Better Move On (album); incl.
Soldier of Love,
Set Me Free,
Anna (Go to Him) (Sept. 17); the lyric is actually "Go with him"; the Beatles record it for
their 1963 British album "Please Please Me"; parodied on the Fox TV Network show Married: With Children.
Rene and the Alligators, Telstar; Dutch band.
Jay and the Americans, She Cried (#5 in the U.S.); from Belle Harbor, Queens, N.Y., incl. John "Jay" Traynor (vocals) (1943-),
Howard Kane (Kirschenbaum), Kenny Vance (Rosenberg), Sandy Deanne (Yaguda); later David Black (David Blatt) (1938-) (vocals), Martin Sanders (Kupersmith).
Joan Baez (1941-), Joan Baez in Concert, Part 1
(album) (Sept.) (#10 in the U.S.); incl.
Kumbaya,
Babe, I'm Gonna Leave You
(makes fans of Jimmy Page and Robert Plant).
Kenny Ball (1930-) and His Jazzmen,
Midnight in Moscow.
Rockin' Blacks,
Guitar Strings;
from Indonesia.
The Beach Boys,
Surfin' Safari
(album) (debut) (Oct. 29); Brian Wilson (1942-), Carl Wilson (1946-98),
Dennis Wilson (1944-83), Mike Love (1941-), Al Jardine (1942-), David Marks (1948-),
and Bruce Johnson (1942-); incl.
Surfin' Safari
(#14 in the U.S.),
409 (about a Chevy).
The Beatles,
Love Me Do (Oct. 5)
(first single); peaks at #17 in the U.K., followed by #1 in the U.S. in 1964.
Harry Belafonte (1927-), The Midnight Special
(album); first recorded appearance by Bob Dylan (Robert Allen Zimmerman) (who once went
by the name Elston Gunn) (on the blues harp); incl.
The Midnight Special.
Los Beatniks, Tampico Twist.
Tony Bennett (1926-), I Left My Heart in San Francisco
(by George Cory and Douglass Cross) (Feb. 2) (#19 in the U.S.); becomes his signature song, and an official anthem for you know what.
Mike Berry (1942-), Every Little Kiss (June);
Don't You Think It's Time (Dec.).
Cilla Black (1943-), Love of the Loved (debut); introduced to Brian Epstein by John Lennon.
Gary U.S. Bonds (1939-), Twist Twist Senora (#10 in the U.S.);
Seven Day Weekend (#27 in the U.S.);
Copy Cat (#92 in the U.S.).
Pat Boone (1934-), Speedy Gonzales (#6 in the U.S.); he then drops off the charts.
Jacques Brel (1929-78), Les Bourgeois (album); incl.
Les Bourgeois.
Walter Brennan (1894-1974), Old Shep.
Benjamin Britten (1913-76),
War Requiem
(Coventry Cathedral) (May 30); an anti-war piece composed for the dedication
of the new Coventry Cathedral, which was destroyed in WWII and built by the
old ruins, designed by Basil Spence.
James Brown (1933-2006),
Night Train.
Chester Arthur "Howlin' Wolf" Burnett (1910-76),
Howlin' Wolf (Rocking Chair Album)
(Jan. 11) (#58 in the U.S.).
Michel Butor (1926-) and Henri Pausser,
Votre Faust (opera).
Glen Campbell (1936-2017),
Big Bluegrass Special
(album) (debut) (Nov.).
Vikki Carr (1941-), He's a Rebel.
The Cascades, Rhythm of the Rain
(#3 in the U.S.); formerly the Silver Strands and the Thundernotes; from San Diego, Calif., incl.
John Claude Gummoe (1938-) (vocals), Eddie Snyder (guitar), Von Lynch (keyboards),
Ronald Lynch (keyboards, sax), Dave Stevens (bass), and Dave Szabo (drums).
Ray Charles (1930-2004), I Can't Stop Loving You (#1 in the U.S.); first #1 hit;
At the Club.
Baby It's Cold Outside (w/Betty Carter);
Born to Lose;
But On the Other Hand Baby;
Careless Love;
Unchain My Heart;
You Don't Know Me;
Hide Nor Hair;
You Are My Sunshine;
Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music (album); incl.
Your Cheatin' Heart; helps bring country into the mainstream, pardner.
David Seville and The Chipmunks, Christmas with The Chipmunks (album);
followed by "The Chipmunks Vol. 2" (1963).
Jimmy Clanton (1938-), Venus in Blue Jeans (#5 in the U.S.); about his babe Eileen Berner.
Patsy Cline (1932-63), She's Got You (#1 country, #14 in the U.S.).
Nat King Cole (1919-65), More Cole Espanol (album);
Dear Lonely Hearts;
Ramblin' Rose
(#2 in the U.S.) (1M copies).
Judy Collins (1939-),
Golden Apples of the Sun
(album #2) (July).
John Coltrane (1926-67),
Coltrane "Live" at the Village Vanguard
(album #10) ((Mar.); incl. Chasin' the Trane;
his free jazz gig at the Village Vanguard in Nov. 1961 with a quintet incl. Eric Dolphy (bass clarinet),
Reggie Workman (bass)/Jimmy Garrison (bass), McCoy Tyner (piano), and Elvin Jones (drums);
too bad, Down Beat mag. calls it "Anti-Jazz", and he is booed in France in 1961.
The Contours, Do You Love Me
(#3 in the U.S.); from Detroit, Mich., incl. Joe Billingslea (1937-), Billy Gordon, Billy Hoggs, Leroy Fair,
and Hubert Johnson; rechart at #11 after the 1987 film "Dirty Dancing".
Sam Cooke (1931-64),
Twistin' the Night Away
(#9 in the U.S.);
Bring It On Home to Me
(#13 in the U.S.).
The Corvairs, True True Love.
Henry Dixon Cowell (1897-1965),
Firelight and Lamp;
based on a Gene Baro poem.
Johnny Crawford (1946-),
Cindy's Birthday.
Dick Dale (1937-) and the Del Tones,
Surfers' Choice
(album) (debut); a lefty, he plays his Fender Stratocaster upside-down and backwards;
incl. Let's Go Trippin' (first surf rock song?),
Riders in the Sky (by Stan Jones),
Mexico,
Misirlou (Gr. "Egyptian Girl");
a song first performed by rebetika (Greek refugee from Turkey) Michalis Patrinos in Athens in 1927; does it on a bet that he couldn't play a song
on only one string of his guitar; featured in the 1994 film "Pulp Fiction".
Bobby Darin (1936-73), Things (#3 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.).
James Darren (1936-), Her Royal Majesty (#6 in the U.S.).
Bo Diddley (1928-2008), Bo Diddley's a Twister (album); incl.
You Can't Judge a Book by the Cover (#48 in the U.S.) (#21 R&B).
Marlene Dietrich (1901-92), Where Have All the Flowers Gone?;
a cover of the 1961 Kingston Trio hit, which becomes a big hit in Germany in English and German as
"Sag Mir, Wo die Blumen Sind"; she goes on perform it in Israel, breaking the taboo of using German publicly there.
Dion (1939-) and the Belmonts,
Lovers Who Wander (#3 in the U.S.);
Little Diane (#8 in the U.S.);
Love Came to Me (#10 in the U.S.);
Ruby Baby (#2 in the U.S.).
Bill Dixon (1925-2010) and Archie Shepp (1937-),
Archie Shepp - Bill Dixon Quartet
(album) (debut).
Eric Dolphy (1928-64) and Booker Little (1938-61),
Far Cry (album #4).
Fats Domino (1928-2017),
You Win Again;
My Real Name;
Imperial Records is sold after he records 60 singles for them, incl.
11 top-10 singles, after which he moves to ABC-Paramount in Nashville,
where they change his sound, after which he has only one top-40 in
11 singles, causing him to move to Mercury, then Reprise, only to be
submerged by the British Rock & Roll Invasion, and have his last
charting single in 1968.
Bob Dylan (1941-), Bob Dylan (album) (debut) (Mar. 19) (Columbia); cover features him wearing a Huck Finn cap and a coat borrowed
from James Dean; he tells people he's part Sioux and has travelled with carnivals when he's really a middle-class Jewish kid from Hibbing, Minn.?; incl.
Talkin' New York,
Song to Woody.
Duane Eddy (1938-) and The Rebels, The Ballad of Paladin(June) (#33 in the U.S.) (#10 in the U.K.);
written by Johnny Western, Richard Boone, and Sam Rolfe;
(Dance with the) Guitar Man (#12 in the U.S.) (#4 in the U.K.) (1M copies); co-written by Lee Hazlewood.
Bill Evans (1929-80), Waltz for Debby (album #7) (Feb.); recorded on June 25, 1961; incl.
Waltz for Debby.
Bill Evans (1929-80) and Herbie Mann (1930-2003), Nirvana (album).
Maureen Evans (1940-), Like I Do (#3 in the U.K.); based on "Dance of the Hours" from Amilcare Ponchielli's
1876 opera "La Giaconda", used by Allan Sherman for his 1963 hit record "Hello Muddah, Hello Faddah".
The Explosions, Long Long Ago.
Shelley Fabares (1944-), Johnny Angel (Feb.) (#1 in the U.S.); backup vocals by Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms;
debuts on "The Donna Reed Show", where she plays oldest child Mary Stone.
Adam Faith (1940-2003) and the Roulettes, Adam Faith (album #2); incl.
Lonesome (#12 in the U.K.);
As You Like It (#5 in the U.K.);
Don't That Beat All (#8 in the U.K.);
Baby Take a Bow (#22 in the U.K.).
Jimmy Gilmer (1940-) and The Fireballs,
Carioca.
Carlisle Floyd (1926-),
The Passion of Jonathan Wade (opera).
Frank Fontaine (1920-78),
Songs I Sing on the Jackie Gleason Show
(album); "Crazy Guggenheim".
Clinton Ford (1931-),
Clinton Ford
(album); incl.
Fanlight Fanny.
Jean Francaix (1912-97),
Suite for Solo Flute.
Connie Francis (1938-),
Al di La.
Claude Francois (1939-78),
Belles Belles Belles;
cover of the Everly Brothers hit "Girls Girls Girls (Made to Love); sells
2M copies, making him an overnight star in France.
Billy Fury (1940-83),
Once Upon a Dream;
from the film "Play It Cool".
Marvin Gaye (1939-84),
That Stubborn Kinda Fellow
(album #2) (Dec.); background singing by Martha Reeves and the Vandellas; incl.
Stubborn Kind of Fellow,
Pride and Joy,
Hitch Hike.
Stan Getz (1927-) (1927-), and Charlie Byrd (1925-99),
Jazz Samba (album).
G-Men, Raunchy Twist.
Herbie Hancock (1940-),
Takin' Off
(album) (debut) (May 28); incl.
Watermelon Man.
Jet Harris (1939-),
Besame Mucho (debut).
The Highwaymen,
Cotton Fields (by Leadbelly) (#20 in the U.S.);
too bad, in 1964 after discovering the songs "All My Trials" and "Big Rock Candy Mountain", and releasing
the first recording of a Buffy Sainte-Marie song ("Universal Soldier"), they disband so they can attend graduate schools,
except Dave Fisher, who moves to Hollywood and composes 1K songs.
Vince Hill (1937-),
The River's Run Dry (debut).
John Lee Hooker (1917-2001),
Burnin'
(album); incl. Boom Boom
(#60 in the U.S.).
Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000),
Symphony No. 16
("Kayagum"), Op. 202.
Brian Hyland (1943-),
Sealed With a Kiss;
Ginny Come Lately.
Frank Ifield (1937-), Lovesick Blues;
She Taught Me How to Yodel;
The Wayward Wind.
Isley Brothers, Twist and Shout (debut);
O'Kelly Isley Jr. (1937-86), Rudolph Isley (1939-), Ronald "Mr. Biggs" Isley (1941-) and Ernie Isley (1952-); joined
in 1969 by Martin Isley (1953-) and Chris Jasper (1951-).
Burl Ives (1909-95), A Holly Jolly Christmas (Nov.) (#30 in the U.S.) (#21 country); written by Johnny Marks (1909-85).
Wanda Jackson (1937-), If I Cried Every Time You Hurt Me;
A Little Bitty Tear Let Me Down.
Etta James (1938-2012), Etta James Rocks the House (album); incl.
Something's Got a Hold on Me;
Stop the Wedding;
Next Door to the Blues.
Swinging Blue Jeans, It's Too Late Now
(debut); Hippy Hippy Shake (Dec.);
from Liverpool, England, incl. Ray Ennis (1942-), Les Braid (1937-2005), Ralph Ellis (1942-),
Norman Kuhlke (1942-), and Terry Sylvester (1946-); one almost looks like John Lennon, one
almost looks like Paul McCartney, and they almost sound like the Beatles, since they're
from Liverpool too? - forever mixes people up about what hippies are or came from?
Andre Jolivet (1905-74),
Concerto for Cello No. 1.
George Jones (1931-),
She Thinks I Still Care.
Jack Jones (1938-),
Lollipops and Roses.
Quincy Jones (1933-), Big Band Bossa Nova
(album); incl. Soul Bossa Nova,
which is used on the soundtracks of "The Pawnbroker" (1964), "Take the Money and Run" (1969),
"Austin Powers" (1997) et al., and becomes the theme of the 1998 FIFA World Cup.
Eden Kane (1941-),
Forget Me Not;
I Don't Know Why.
Danny Kaye (1913-87),
The Dodgers Song;
"Oh really? No, O'Malley".
Eartha Kitt (1927-2008),
C'est Si Bon;
I Want to Be Evil;
Just an Old-Fashioned Girl.
Patti LaBelle (1944-) and the Bluebelles,
I Sold My Heart to the Junkman
Steve Lawrence (1935-),
Go Away, Little Girl;
by Gerry Goffin and Carole King.
Brenda Lee (1944-),
"Let Me Sing"
(album); incl.
Break It To Me Gently
(#4 in the U.S., #46 in the U.K.),
Losing You (#6 in the U.S.,
#10 in the U.K.);
All Alone Am I
(album); incl.
All Alone Am I (#3 in the U.S.,
#7 in the U.K.);
Heart in Hand
(#15 in the U.S.);
It Started All Over Again;
Here Comes That Feeling.
Darlene Love (1941-) and the Crystals,
He's a Rebel (And He'll Never Ever Be Any Good);
He's Sure the Boy I Love.
Kenny Lynch (1939-), Up on the Roof.
The Marvelettes, Playboy
(album); incl. Beechwood 4-5789.
Peter, Paul and Mary, Peter, Paul and Mary
(album) (debut) (May) (#1 in the U.S.) (2M copies); founded in 1961 in Greenwich Village, N.Y.,
incl. Peter Yarrow (1938-), Noel Paul Stookey (1937-) (the non-Jew of the trio), and Mary Allin Travers (1936-2009);
put together and managed by Albert Bernard Grossman (1926-86),
who later signs Bob Dylan and Janis Joplin and the Holding Co.; incl.
Lemon Tree (#35 in the U.S.)
(based on the 1937 Brazilian folk song "Meu Limao, Meu Limoeiro", arranged by
Jose Carlos Burle, and given English lyrics by Will Holt),
If I Had a Hammer (#10 in the U.S.),
Where Have All the Flowers Gone.
Susan Maughan (1942-),
Bobby's Girl.
Gene McDaniels (1935-),
Gene McDaniels Sings Movie Memories
(album #4);
Hit After Hit
(album #5);
Tower of Strength
(album #6).
Clyde McPhatter (1932-72),
Lover Please (#7 in the U.S.);
Little Bitty Pretty One (#25 in the U.S.) last top-40 hit.
Vaughn Meader (1936-2004), The First Family
(album) (recorded on Oct. 22, 1962); parody and impersonation of JFK, recorded on the
night of Oct. 22, 1962; produced by Cadence Records;
sells 1M copies by Xmas and 7.5M copies by next year, becoming the fastest-selling
album in history to that point, and is followed in Mar. 1963 by a sequel; too bad,
after the assassination the album is pulled from shelves and Meader falls into the toilet;
on the night of the assassination Lenny Bruce tells his audience "Vaughn Meader is screwed!"
Olivier Messiaen (1908-92),
Seven Haikus.
Booker T. and the M.G.'s,
Green Onions (debut)
(#3 in the U.S.); from Memphis, Tenn., incl. Booker T. Jones (1944-) (keyboards),
Steven Lee "Steve" "the Colonel" Cropper (1954-) (guitar), Lewie Steinberg (1933-) (bass),
and Al Jackson Jr. (1935-75) (drums); in 1965 Steinberg is replaced by Donald "Duck" Dunn
(1941-); in 1975 Jackson is murdered, leaving a trio; Dunn and Cropper later play with The Blues Brothers.
Mrs. Mills (1918-78),
Mrs. Mills' Medley
(Jan.) (#18 in the U.S.); a plump middle-aged English piano lady does standards incl.
"I Want to Be Happy", "The Sheik of Araby", "Baby Face", "Somebody Stole My Gal",
"Ma He's Making Eyes at Me", "Swanee", "Ain't She Sweet", and "California Here I Come";
she ends up sharing space with the Beatles at Abbey Road Studios.
The New Christy Minstrels,
Presenting the New Christy Minstrels
(album) (debut) (Oct.) (#19 in the U.S.); incl.
This Land is Your Land (by Woody Guthrie);
folk group named after the 1840s blackface minstrel group the Christy's Minstrels by 1961 Leavenworth, Kan.-born
founder Lloyd A. "Randy" Sparks (1933-);
rotating members later incl. John Denver, Kenny Rogers, Gene Clark, Barry McGuire, and Kim Carnes.
Pepino the Italian Mouse;
What Did Washington Say (When He Crossed the Delaware)?;
"Martha, Martha, there'll be no pizza tonight"; "Tonight I'm posing for my picture
on the dollar bill."
The Miracles,
I'll Try Something New
(album #3) (July); incl.
I'll Try Something New.
Chris Montez (1943-),
Let's Dance
(debut) (#4 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.);
Some Kinda Fun; on
Mar. 9, 1963 the Beatles start a British tour with him and Tommy Roe, after which
one night John Lennon fights with him at a London bar and pours a beer over his
head, before or after which Montez utters the soundbyte "Who are these guys, the Beatles?
I try to keep up with the British scene, but I don't know their work."
Anthony Newley (1931-99),
D-Darling;
That Noise.
Jimmy C. Newman (1927-2014),
Alligator Man
(#22 country); becomes his theme song.
Luigi Nono (1924-90),
Canti
di Vita e d'Amore: Sul Ponte di Hiroshima.
Roy Orbison (1936-88), Dream Baby/ The Actress
(Jan.) (#4 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.);
The Crowd/ Mama (June);
Working for the Man/ Leah
(Sept.);
Paper Boy/ Here Comes That Song Again.
The Orlons, The Wah-Watusi
(album) (debut) (#80 in the U.S.); incl.
The Wah-Watusi
(#2 in the U.S.) (1M copies); formerly Audrey and the Teenettes, from Philly, incl. Rosetta Hightower (1944-2014),
Shirley Brickley (1944-77), Marlena Davis (1944-93), and Stephen Caldwell (1942-);
All the Hits by The Orlons (album) (#2 in the U.S.); incl.
Don't Hang Up
(#4 in the U.S., #39 in the U.S.) (1M copies).
Oscar Peterson (1925-2007),
Hymn to Freedom;
composed for the U.S. civil rights movement.
Bobby "Boris" Pickett (1938-2007) and the Crypt Kickers,
The Original Monster Mash
(album) (Oct.); produced by Gary Paxton (1938-); incl.
Monster Mash
(Aug. 25), which hits #1 on Billboard on Oct. 20, becoming a perennial Halloween pop hit in the U.S. and U.K.;
Leon Russell plays piano; "Whatever happened to my Transylvania Twist?"
Gene Pitney (1940-2006), (The Man Who Shot) Liberty Valance (Apr.) (#3 in the U.S.);
Only Love Can Break a Heart (#4 in the U.S.).
The Platters, It's Magic (Jan.)
Elvis Presley (1935-77), Good Luck Charm (Feb.);
Follow That Dream (May);
Pot Luck (album #15) (June);
She's Not You/ Just Tell Her Jim Said Hello (July);
Kid Galahad (album) (Sept.);
Return to Sender (Oct.); Girls Girls Girls (album) (Nov.); incl.
Girls Girls Girls.
Jim Reeves (1923-64), I'm Gonna Change Everything (#2 country) (#95 in the U.S.).
Cliff Richard (1940-) and The Shadows,
Rooster;
Bachelor Boy;
Do You Wanna Dance.
The Rivingtons,
Papa Oom Mow Mow
(#48 in the U.S.);
Doin' the Bird
incl. The Bird's the Word.
produced by Kim Fowley (1939-); black doowop group from Calif., incl. Carl White (1933-80)
(lead vocals), Al Frazier (-2005) (tenor), John "Sonny" Harris (baritone), and
Turner "Rocky" Wilson Jr. (bass).
Marty Robbins (1925-82),
Devil Woman
(#1 country) (#16 in the U.S.);
Ruby Ann
(#1 country) (#18 in the U.S.).
Marty Robbins (1925-82) and George Jones (1931-),
Whoops, Plbbbt! Diarrhea.
Tommy Roe (1942-), Sheila
(debut) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); bubblegum rock pioneer;
Susie Darlin';
Piddle De Pat.
The Rooftop Singers,
Walk Right In
(album) (debut); incl.
Walk Right In (by Gus Cannon)
(#1 in the U.S.) (#10 in the U.K.) (1M copies); uses paired 12-string acoustic guitars;
founded in June by Erik Darling (1934-2008) (formerly of The Weavers), Bill Svanoe, and Lynne Taylor.
David Rose (1910-90) and His Orchestra, The Stripper; used in Noxzema shave cream commercials.
Tom Rush (1941-), Tom Rush at the Unicorn (album) (debut).
Bobby Rydell (1942-), I've Got Bonnie (#18);
Lose Her;
I'll Never Dance Again;
The Cha-Cha-Cha (#10).
Mike Sarne (1940-), Come Outside (with Wendy Richard).
Neil Sedaka (1939-), Breaking Up Is Hard to Do (#1 in the U.S.); co-written by Howard Greenfield (1936-86).
Pete Seeger (1919-2014), 12-String Guitar as Played by Lead Belly (album);
The Bitter and the Sweet (album); incl.
Turn! Turn! Turn!
(adapted from the Bible Book of Ecclesiastes, Ch. 3, plus "A time for peace, I swear it's not too late").
Pete Seeger (1919-2014) et al.,
Memphis Slim and Willie Dixon at the Village Gate with Pete Seeger
(album) (Folkways Records), incl.
Stewball, and
Blue Yodel #1 (T for Texas) (by Jimmie Rogers).
Dee Dee Sharp (1945-), Slow Twistin'.
Allan Sherman (1924-73),
My Son, the Folk Singer
(album).
The Shirelles, Soldier Boy.
Dinah Shore (1916-94),
Dinah Down Home!
(album);
The Fabulous Hits of Dinah Shore.
Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-75),
Symphony No. 12 in D minor, Op. 112 ("The Year of 1917").
Hank Snow (1914-99),
I've Been Everywhere;
written by Geoff Mack in 1959 for Australian towns, then adopted for U.S. towns; "Reno, Chicago, Fargo, Minnesota, Buffalo, Toronto, Winslow, Sarasota, Wichita,
Tulsa, Ottawa, Oklahoma, Tampa, Panama, Mattawa, La Paloma, Bangor, Baltimore, Salvador, Amarillo, Tocopilla, Barranquilla and Padilla"; Lucky Starr sings the
Australian version:
"Well, I was humpin' my bluey on the dusty Oodnadatta road... Tullamore, Seymour, Lismore, Mooloolaba, Nambour, Maroochydore, Kilmore, Murwillumbah, Birdsville..."
Jimmy Soul (1942-88), Twistin' Matilda.
Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans, Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah;
from the 1946 Disney flick "Song of the South"; produced by Phil Spector (1939-2021),
incl. Robert Joseph "Bobby" Sheen (1941-2000) (alias Bob B. Soxx), backed by Darlene Love and Fanita James of the Blossoms.
Don Spencer, Fireball.
The Spotnicks, Orange Blossom Special (#30 in the U.K., #1 in Australia);
The Spotnicks in London: Out-a-Space (album) (debut); incl.
Hava Nagila (#13 in the U.K.),
Rocket Man,
Johnny Guitar;
formerly The Rebels, Rock-Teddy and The Blue Caps, and The Frazers; from Sweden, incl. Bo Winberg (1939-),
Bo Starander (1942-) (guitar), Bjorn Thelin (1942-) (bass), Ove Johansson (drums); known for wearing spacesuits on stage.
Joey Dee and the Starlighters, Shout (by the Isley Brothers) (#6 in the U.S.). Ray Stevens (1939-),
Santa Claus is Watching You.
B. Bumble and the Stingers, Nut Rocker.
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971), The Flood.
Germaine Tailleferre (1892-1983), Pancarte pour Une Porte D'Entree
(Handbill for an Entrance); 11 poems by Robert Pinget (1919-97) set to music.
Johnny Tillotson (1939-), It Keeps Right On A-Hurtin' (#3 in the U.S.) (#31 in the U.K.).
Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), Songs for Ariel;
A Child of Our Time;
about the 1938 Herschel Grynszpan case; incl. Deep River,
Steal Away to Jesus.
Ernst Toch (1887-1964), The Last Tale (Das Letzte Marchen); based on "One Thousand and One Nights".
The Tornados, Love and Fury (debut); Clem Cattini (1937-) (drums), Heinz Burt (1942-2000) (bass), George Bellamy (1941-).
Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner (1939-), Dance with Ike Turner and Tina Turner (album).
Frankie Valli (1934-) and The Four Seasons, Sherry (debut) (#1 in the U.S.);
Big Girls Don't Cry
(#1 in the U.S.);
Santa Claus is Coming to Town;
from Newark, N.J., incl. Frankie Valli (Francis Stephen Castelluccio) (1934-),
Tommy DeVito (1936-) (guitar), Nick Massi (Nicholas Macioci) (1935-2000) (bass),
and Robert John "Bob" Gaudio (1942-).
Frankie Vaughan (1928-99),
I'm Gonna Clip Your Wings;
Hercules.
The Ventures, Twist with the Ventures (Dance!)
(Jan.); incl.
Driving Guitars;
Twist Party, Vol. 2
(album) (May);
Mashed Potatoes and Gravy
(album) (Aug.);
Going to the Ventures' Dance Party!
(album) (Nov.).
Billy Vaughn (1919-91),
A Swingin' Safari
(#13 in the U.S.); by Bert Kaempfert.
Bobby Vinton (1935-),
Roses are Red (My Love)
(#1 in the U.S., #15 in the U.K.);
Rain Rain Go Away
(#12 in the U.S.);
I Love You the Way You Are
(#38 in the U.S.).
Porter Wagoner (1927-2007),
Misery Loves Company
(#1 in the U.S.).
Dionne Warwick (1940-),
Don't Make Me Over (debut);
I Smiled Yesterday.
Alan W. Watts (1915-73),
This is IT
(album); pioneering psychedelic music.
Houston Wells and the Marksmen,
North Wind.
Mary Wells (1943-92),
The One Who Really Loves You
(album) (debut); incl.
The One Who Really Loves You,
You Beat Me to the Punch,
Two Lovers.
Roger Whittaker (1936-),
The Charge of the Light Brigade (debut);
Steel Men (June).
Andy Williams (1927-),
Danny Boy and Other Songs I Love to Sing
(album) (#19 in the U.S.); incl.
Danny Boy (#64 in the U.S.);
Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes
(album) (#3 in the U.S.); incl.
Moon River (by Johnny Mercer
and Henry Mancini);
Warm and Willing
(album) (#16 in the U.S.); incl.
Stranger on the Shore (#38 in the U.S.).
Howlin' Wolf (1910-76),
Howlin' Wolf
(album); incl. Wang Dang Doodle,
Goin' Down Slow,
Spoonful,
Little Red Rooster.
Helmut Zacharias (1920-2002), Beat of the Night.
Movies:
Otto Preminger's Advise and Consent
(June 6), based on the 1959 Allen Drury novel is a talking heads flick starring Henry Fonda
as ailing pres. Franchot Tone's controversial secy. of state nominee Robert A. Leffingwell,
Charles Laughton as opposition leader S.C. Sen. Brig Anderson, Walter Pidgeon as Sen. majority
leader Bob Munson, Lew Ayres as vice-pres. Harley Hudson, Don Murray as outed Sen. Gay, er,
Brig Anderson, who commits suicide, and Peter Lawford as Sen. Lafe Smith; Burgess Meredith plays minor Treasury clerk Herbert Gelman,
who testifies that Leffingwell was in a Communist cell with him at the U. of Chicago.
John Frankenheimer's Birdman of Alcatraz
(July 3) (United Artists), based on the 1955 book by Thomas E. Gaddis stars Burt Lancaster as lifer IQ-134 ornithologist
Robert Franklin Stroud (1890-1963),
who is portrayed as an unjustly imprisoned mild-mannered scientist crushed by the cruelty of anti-scientific wardens
like Harvey Shoemaker (Karl Malden) even though he killed two men, is not exactly mild mannered, and is a pedophile?;
he had been kept in Alcatraz (prisoner #594) in 1942-59, when his failing health caused him to be moved to a federal prison hospital in Mo.;
petitions are handed out in the theater lobbies for his release, and atty. Richard M. English takes up his cause,
approaching the Kennedy admin., but he dies next Nov. 21 (one day before the assassination of JFK) in the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners
in Springfield, Mo. still petting his files in priz and studying French.
Federico Fellini's Boccaccio '70
(June 26) stars Anita Ekberg, Sophia Loren, and some forgettable dicks in three stories taken from "The Decameron".
Joseph Green's The Brain (Head) That Wouldn't Die
(May 3) stars starring Jason Everas as mad scientist Dr. Bill Corner, whose fiancee Jan Compton
(Virginia Leith) is decapitated in an auto accident, and he keeps her head alive in his lab in a liquid-filled tray - the inspiration for "Deep Throat"?
J. Lee Thompson's Cape Fear
(Apr. 12), based on the 1957 John D. MacDonald novel "The Executioners"
stars Gregory Peck as Ga. atty. Sam Bowden, who is terrorized by ex-con
Max Cady (Robert Mitchum) on their houseboat after failing to defend him
from a conviction for rape; "National Velvet" Lori Martin plays his nubile
teenie daughter Nancy, and Polly Bergen his wife Peggy; Martin Balsam plays
police chief Mark Dutton; refilmed in 1991 starring Robert De Niro as Cady.
Herk Harvey's Carnival of Souls
(Sept. 26), filmed in Lawrence, Kan. stars Candace Hilligoss as Mary Henry, who is almost drowned in an auto crash, then is stalked
by a phantom living in an old run-down pavilion.
George Seaton's The Counterfeit Traitor
(Apr. 17) stars William Holden as a blacklisted Swedish oil trader in WWII, who decides to act as an Allied spy against the Nazis;
Lilli Palmer stars as beautiful German agent Frau Marianne Mollendorf, who causes him to realize how important his job is, making him return
to save his new friends.
Steve Sekely's The Day of the Triffids
(July) (Rank Org.) (Allied Artists), based on the 1951 John Wyndham novel about evil plants from outer space stars Howard Keel as merchant navy
officer Bill Masen, who flees London after a meteor shower blinds everybody with school girl Susan (Janina Faye); Nicole Maurey plays
Christine Durant; Janette Scott plays Karen Goodwin; the disappointing ending shows Triffids being dissolved by saltwater.
Blake Edwards' Days of Wine and Roses
(Dec. 26); based on the J.P. Miller play about alcoholic exec Joe Clay (Jack Lemmon) dragging down his wife Kirsten Arnesen Clay (Lee Remick),
who are both nominated for Oscars; it features the Mancini song Days of Wine and Roses,
with lyrics by Johnny Mercer, which wins an Oscar.
Terence Young's Dr. No (Oct. 6) (Eon Productions), based on the 1958 novel by
Ian Lancaster Fleming (1908-64) is the first James Bond 007 film by Eon (Everything or Nothing) Productions, owned by partners (until 1974)
Albert Romolo "Cubby" Broccoli (1909-96) and
Herschel "Harry" Saltzman (1915-94),
who met after Broccoli dropped plans to produce "Oscar Wilde" because of potential U.S. censorship for homosexuality; a low-budget film, it features a low-budget but super-cool trademark
Looking Down a Gunbarrel Intro.,
with the ultra-cool surf rock-style James Bond Theme,
written by Monty Norman (1928-) (based on his song "Good Sign Bad Sign" for his musical "A House for Mr. Biswas")
and arranged by English film composer John Barry (John Barry Prendergast) (1933-2011),
with the guitar riff played by English guitarist Victor Harold "Vic" Flick (1937-)
on his Olympic white 1961 Fender stratocaster; it stars muscular super-handsome 6'2" Scottish actor Sir
Thomas Sean Connery (1930-2020) (after Cary Grant turns it down, believing himself too old) as very straight
British Agent 007 James Bond (in his first of six 007 films), whose one-of-a-kind combo of looks, manner, and heft conditions millions of history ignoramuses to accept a brogue-spitting Scot as the
everhard English superhero, who insists that his martinis be made with vodka (not gin), shaken (not stirred) (causing the popularity of
vodka to begin rising in the U.S.), and who can save the world on command with judo and hi-tech gadgetry, incl. his trademark
Walther PPK pistol,
and who uses women like a cad for guilt-free sex (you provide the birth control pills) with the most sexy suave manner ever seen; the
first bikini-clad "Bond girl" Ursula Andress (1936-) (as Honey Rider) rises to
stardom with him; Dr. Julius No is played by Joseph Weisman (1906-77);
007's CIA contact Felix Leiter is played by Jack Lord (1920-98), later of "Hawaii Five-O" fame;
Bernard Lee (1908-81) plays MI6 head man M; the first choice for 007 was Irish actor
Richard Andrew Palethorpe Todd (1919-2009),
who had a scheduling conflict; does $59.5M box office on a a $1.1M budget; one of the great what-ifs in history is the failure to cast sex bomb
Marilyn Monroe, who dies on Aug. 5 when caught hanging around too long in L.A.?; the only other EON Productions film besides James Bond is
Bob Hope's "Call Me Bwana" (1963); after this the 007 productions grow in budget and try to outdo each other with dangerous stunts; in 1966
Broccoli is in Japan scouting locations for another 007 flick when he cancels his ticket to BOAC Flight 911 to see a ninja show, and it crashes
from clear air turbulence - the first 9/11 would have to relate to 007, wouldn't it?
Luis Bunuel's The Exterminating Angel
(May) stars Silvia Pinal, Enrique Rambal, Claudio Brook, and Jose Baviera as guests at a lavish dinner party who
find themselves unable to leave, causing them to drop their facades and turn into animals.
Gordon Douglas' Follow That Dream
(Apr. 11) (United Artists), based on the 1959 novel "Pioneer, Go Home!" by Richard P. Powell stars Elvis Presley as Toby Kwimper, and Arthur O'Connell
as his father Pop, who squat on land in Fla.
Norman Jewison's 40 Pounds of Trouble
(Dec. 31) stars Tony Curtis as a Lake Tahoe hotel mgr., and Suzanne Pleshette as the boss' niece, leading to him becoming a
surrogate dad to 5-y.-o. Claire Wilcox, and taking them to Disneyland; Jewison's feature film debut.
John Huston's Freud
(Dec. 12) stars aging Montgomery Clift, who is absent so much from the set that Universal sues him for causing the film to go overbudget,
after which the film is a box office success and garners awards for writing and directing, but not for acting.
Norman Taurog's musical comedy film Girls! Girls! Girls!
(Nov. 21) (Paramount Pictures), produced by Hal B. Wallis stars Elvis Presley as Hawaiian fishing guide Ross Carpenter, who hooks up with nightclub singer Robin (Stella Stevens)
and Laurel (Laurel Goodwin); features the hit song "Return to Sender"; does $2.6M box office.
Mervyn LeRoy's Gypsy (Nov. 1),
based on her memoirs stars Natalie Wood as Louise Hovick AKA Gypsy Rose Lee, and Rosalind Russell has her hard-driving mother Rose Hovick.
Howard Hawks' Hatari! (June 19),
about big game hunters for zoos in Africa stars John Wayne, handsome German actor Hardy Kruger Sr., Red Buttons, and Elsa Martinelli;
features the Henry Mancini composition
Baby Elephant Walk;
Kruger loves Tanganyika so much that he sets up a hotel and cattle farm, which is shut down by the govt. in 1979.
Stuart Heisler's Hitler (Mar. 21)
star Richard Basehart as Adolf Hitler, Cordula Trantow as Geli Raubal, Maria Emo as Eva Braun, and John Mitchum as Hermann Goering.
Chris Marker's La Jetee (Jetée)
is a 28 min. sci-fi flick starring Davos Hanich about a post-nuclear world where a prisoner is used in an experiment in time travel; inspires the
1995 film "12 Monkeys".
Sidney W. Pink's Journey to the Seventh Planet
(Mar.), co-written by Ib Melchior stars John Agar as Capt. Don Graham, leader of a space expedition to Uranus in peaceful OWG-run 2001,
where they encounter a Brain Being in a cave who creates a forest-like virtual reality complete with old flames; shot in Denmark on a $75K budget.
Francois Truffaut's Jules and Jim
(Jan. 23), based on the 1953 novel by Henri-Pierre Roche stars Jeanne Moreau, Oskar Werner, and Henri Serre in a WWI love triangle;
Stephen Hawking's favorite movie.
Phil Karlson's Kid Galahad
(Aug. 29), a remake of the 1937 Michael Curtiz'film stars Elvis Presley, Gig Young, and Lola Albright, and is the film debut of Ed Asner.
John Schlesinger's A Kind of Loving
(Apr. 12) (Anglo-Amalgamated Films), based on the 1960 Stan Barstow novel is a British New Wave kitchen sink drama starring Alan Bates as Manchester draughtsman
Victor Arthur "Vic" Brown, who hooks up with secy. Ingrid Rothwell (June Ritchie), then have a losing streak and agree on making do with you know what; does £450K box office on a £165K budget.
Roman Polanski's Knife in the Water
(Mar. 9) is about an aging husband and young wife who take a young hitchhiker with them on a sailing trip, leading to erotic tension, esp. when he turns out to like playing 5-finger fillet,
becoming the first time it's seen onscreen.
David Lean's Lawrence of Arabia (Dec. 10) (Columbia Pictures) (Horizon Pictures)
makes a star of Irish-born actor Peter Seamus Lorcan O'Toole (1932-) in his first major film as British soldier T.E. Lawrence
going Arab during WWI, along with supporting actors Alec Guinness, Anthony Quinn, and Egyptian actor
Omar Sharif (Arab. "noble") (Michel Demitri Chalhoub) (1932-2015) (first English language role),
culminating in the capture of Damascus after Turkish pasha Jose Ferrer admires O'Toole's peter, er, tool, er, lovely white skin; written by Robert Bolt (1924-95), and Michael Wilson,
who is on the Hollywood blacklist and doesn't get his screen credit restored until 1995; the 216-min. flick has no credited speaking roles for women; King Hussein I of Jordan
offers David Lean camel-riders of his desert patrol as extras; NYT film critic Bosley Crowther (a big opponent of the Hollywood Blacklist) pans the movie, calling it a
"thundering camel-opera that tends to run down rather badly as it rolls on into its third hour and gets involved with sullen disillusion and political deceit";
does $70M box office on a $15M budget; "There's nothing further here for a warrior. We drive bargains. Old men's work. Young men make wars, and the virtues of war are the virtues of
young men. Courage and hope for the future. Then old men make the peace. And the vices of peace are the vices of old men. Mistrust and caution. It must be so." (Alec Guiness as King Faisal)
Guy Green's The Light in the Piazza (Feb. 9), based on the 1960 Elizabeth Spencer novel stars Olivia de Havilland as Meg Johnson,
who travels to Italy with her mother, and meets Mr. Naccarelli (Rossano Brazzi), who hooks her up with his son Fabrizio (George Hamilton).
Stanley Kubrick's Lolita (June 12), based on the 1955 Vladimir Nabokov novel stars James Mason as Prof. Humbert Humbert,
Shelly Winters as aging boarding room owner Charlotte Haze, and Sue Lyon (1946-) as her 14-y.-o. sex bombshell daughter
Dolores Haze AKA Lolita, whom he hooks up with; Manhattan-born Kubrick stays permanently in England after filming it.
Tony Richardson's B&W The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner
(Sept. 21) (Woodfall Film Productions) (British Lion Films), based on the 1959 Alan Sillitoe story stars Tom Courteney as rebellious Nottingham
borstal boy Colin Smith, who has a talent for stubbing his silly toe on a track, and Michael Redgrave as the Ruxton Towers reformatory gov.,
whom he pisses-off by stopping just short of the finish line at a key cross-country race; on Jan. 9, 2009. impeached Ill. gov. Rod Blagojevich compares himself and his ordeal to Smith.
David Miller's Western Lonely Are the Brave (May 24) (Universal Pictures),
written by Dalton Trumbo based on the 1956 Edward Abbey novel "The Brave Cowboy" stars Kirk Douglas (his favorite movie) as cowboy John W. "Jack" Burns, who arranges
to get locked up in jail to escape with old friend Paul Bondi (Michael Kane), who doesn't want to escape, so Burns goes it alone on his horse Whisky while being
chased by Sheriff Morey Johnson (Walter Mattthau); Gena Rowlands plays Bondi's wife Jerry.
Sidney Lumet's Long Day's Journey into Night
(May), based on the 1956 Eugene O'Neill play stars Katharine Hepburn as drug-addicted mommy Mary Tyrone, Ralph Richardson as alcoholic failed actor
and daddy James Tyron, Jason Robards Jr. as chip off the block Jamie Tyrone, and Dean Stockwell as aspiring writer younger son Edmund Tyrone, who make each other miserable while we watch.
Ken Annakin's, Andrew Marton's, and Bernhard Wicki's The Longest Day
(Sept. 25) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1959 book by Cornelius Ryan is the first big budget all-star Hollywood WWII flick (in B&W), telling the story of the June 6, 1944 D-Day Normandy
landings using 48 internat. stars incl. John Wayne (who beats Charlton Heston for the role, then makes Darryl Zanuck pay him $250K instead of $25K like everybody else to punish him for
criticizing his film "The Alamo"), Henry Fonda, Robert Mitchum, Richard Burton, and Red Buttons, 3 dirs., and 2 years in production; written by Bernhard Wicki; its success rescues
20th Cent.-Fox Studios from looming bankruptcy after the Cleopatra fiasco; after Dwight D. Eisenhower tries to get the part of playing himself but is too old, it is given to lookalike
set decorator Henry Grace (1907-83), becoming his only acting credit; Sean Connery's last film before being cast as James Bond 007,
with his future nemeses Gert Frobe (Auric Goldfinger) and Karl Stromberg (Curt Jurgens) appearing in the same flick; does $50.1M box office on a $7.75M budget.
Marcel Ophuls and Shintaro Ishihara's Love at Twenty
(L'Amour a Vingt Ans) (June 22) stars Jean-Pierre Leaud, and Marie-France Pisier.
Alberto Lattuada's Mafioso
(Oct. 25) stars Alberto Sordi as Nino, Norma Bengell as his blonde wife Maria, Ugo Attansio (Lattuada's father-in-law) as mafia boss Don Vincenzo,
and Antonio Badalamenti as an auto plant mgr. in a "just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in" flick, where the last journey is long then short.
John Frankenheimer's The Manchurian Candidate
(Oct. 24) (B&W), written by Frankenheimer and George Axelrod based on the 1959 Richard Condon novel set in 1952 stars Frank Sinatra as
Maj. Bennett "Ben" Marco, Laurence Harvey as Medal of Honor winner Raymond Shaw, Angela Lansbury as his Commie agent mother Mrs. Iselin,
James Gregory as her Commie agent hubby U.S. Sen. John "Johnny" Iselin ("there are exactly 207, er, 104, er, 275 card-carrying members of the Communist Party
in the State Dept."), and Janet Leigh as Sinatra's babe Eugenie "Rosie" Rose (Eldorado 5-9970) in an eerie mix of the Korean War, the McCarthy years,
brainwashing theory, and the JFK assassination, which hasn't occurred yet, pissing-off both leftist and rightist critics while pleasing conspiracy theorists;
Oswald got the idea to assassinate JFK from it?; somebody else did?; Khigh Dhiegh plays Commie pshrink Yen Lo, Henry Silva plays Korean double agent Chunjin,
John McGiver plays Sen. Thomas Jordan, Leslie Parrish plays his daughter Jocie; establishes TV dir. Frankenheimer as a film dir.; the Queen of Diamonds sets off
Raymond Shaw's assassin programming mode; "Raymond Shaw is the bravest, kindest, warmest, most wonderful human being
I've ever known in my life"; "Raymond Shaw, hell, hell" (ending); refilmed in 2004.
John Ford's B&W The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
(Apr. 22)(Paramount Pictures), based on a 1953 short story by Dorothy M. Johnson becomes the last of John Ford's B&W Westerns (the last great film of the Golden Age of Movies?),
stars John Wayne as rancher Tom Doniphon of Shinbone, James Stewart as inept Eastern lawyer Ransom "Ranse" Stoddard, Vera Miles as his babe Hallie, and Lee Marvin as
badass outlaw Liberty Valance, who Doniphon shoots and kills from a hidden position to make it look like Stoddard did it, causing him to become a hero
and rise to state gov. and U.S. sen.; does $8M box office on a $3.2M budget; the hit Hal David-Burt Bacharach theme song
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
by Gene Pitney (1940-2006)
is released after the film comes out; first movie where John Wayne uses the word "pilgrim", which becomes a standard for Wayne impersonators;
"This is the West, sir. When the legend becomes a fact, print the legend"; offscreen Ford needles Wayne for not serving in WWII while Stewart was a war hero, with
"How rich did you get while Jimmy was risking his life?"; "When Liberty Valance rode to town the womenfolk would hide, they'd hide/
When Liberty Valance walked around the men would step aside/ 'cause the point of a gun was the only law that Liberty understood/
When it came to shootin' straight and fast - he was mighty good/ From out of the East a stranger came, a law book in his hand, a man/
The kind of a man the West would need to tame a troubled land/ 'cause the point of a gun was the only law that Liberty understood/
When it came to shootin' straight and fast - he was mighty good./ Many a man would face his gun and many a man would fall/
The man who shot Liberty Valance, he shot Liberty Valance/ He was the bravest of them all" - gives Lee Harvey Oswald ideas, or LBJ?
Arthur Penn's The Miracle Worker
(July 28) stars Anna Marie "Patty" Duke (1946-)
as Hellen Keller, and Anne Bancroft as Anne Sullivan, who teaches her how to pump water and talk sign language.
James Neilson's Moon Pilot
(Feb. 9), a Disney film based on the 1960 Robert Bruckner novel "Starfire" stars Tom Tryon as Capt. Richmond Talbat, who goes on a secret mission to
the Moon, and hooks up with "new Brigitte Bardot" Lyrae (Dany Saval), an alien from Beta Lyrae; also stars Edmond O'Brien as FBI agent McClosky, which
pisses-off FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover again, causing him to get the script changed
to take out the name FBI.
Morton DaCosta's The Music Man
(June 19), based on the 1957 Meredith Willson play stars Newton, Mass.-born
Robert Preston (Robert Preston Meservey) (1918-87)
as Prof. Harold Hill, who tries to sell River City, Iowa on a marching band as an antidote to gateway-to-hell pool halls, and cancels plans to
run with the money after falling for librarian Shirley Jones; the ultimate fantasy about the Great White Am. Heartland;
does $15M box office; songs incl. Seventy-Six Trombones,
Till There Was You,
Ya Got Trouble,
Rock Island, and
Goodnight, My Someone.
Lewis Milestone's Mutiny on the Bounty
(Nov. 8), based on the novels by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall features 37-y.-o. cradle robber Marlon Brando in knickers chasing topless
teenie Polynesian babes, along with Trevor Howard and Richard Harris; Milestone replaced Sir Carol Reed; after filming, Brando purchases
white-sand-beached Tetiaroa Atoll (a lagoon and 13
islands) and marries his film love interest, 19-y.-o. Tahitian former restaurant dishwasher
Tarita Teriipia (Taritatum a Teripaiam)
(1941-) (his 3rd) on Aug. 10, 1962 (until 1972); they have son
Simon Teihotu Brando (b. 1963) and daughter Cheyenne (1970-95); he stops visiting the retreat in the early 1990s.
Jean-Luc Godard's My Life to Live
(Vivre Sa Vie) shows his beautiful Anna Karina turning into a prostitute while her hubby directs?
Kon Ichikawa's The Outcast (B&W)
stars Raizo Ichikawa.
Ray Milland's Panic in Year Zero! (End of the World)
(July 5), a remake of the Biblical Lot story stars Milland as Harry Baldwin, Jean Hagen as his wife Ann, Frankie Avalon as their son Rick, and Mary Mitchell
as their daughter Karen, who leave LA just before it is nuked and hole-up in a cave.
Jules Dassin's Phaedra
it on with her hubby's son Anthony Perkins.
Arthur Dreufuss' The Quare Fellow
(Oct.), based on the 1954 Brendan Behan play about a queer but not a gay man stars Patrick McGoohan as Thomas Crimmin, and Sylvia Slims as Kathleen.
Ralph Nelson's Requiem for a Heavyweight
(Nov. 16), a remake of the 1956 TV version stars Anthony Quinn as Mountain Rivera, a washed-up heavyweight who is talked into becoming a pro wrestling Indian
by his mgr. Maish Rennick (Jackie Gleason) to pay off mob debts.
Sam Peckinpah's Ride the High Country (Guns in the Afternoon)
(June 20) (MGM) stars Joel McCrea as Gil Westrum, an ex-lawman hired to transport gold through dangerous territory, only to find that out his partner Gil Westrum
(Randolph Scott) is going to doublecross him.
J. Lee Thompson's Taras Bulba (Dec. 19), based on the Nikolai Gogol novel with music by Franz Waxman stars full-head-of-hair
Yul Brynner as Taras Bulba, and Tony Curtis as his
Brooklyn-accent son Andrei; "Put your faith in your sword, and your sword in a Pole."
Edward Bernds' The Three Stooges in Orbit (July 4) (B&W) stars Moe, Larry, and Curly Joe DeRita fighting
mean aliens Ogg (George N. Neise) and Zogg (Rayford Barnes).
Robert Mulligan's To Kill a Mockingbird (Dec. 25) (Universal Pictures); written
by screenwriter Horton Foote based on the 1960 Harper Lee novel, taking on Southern racial prejudice in 1930s Ala. with a perfect performance by Gregory Peck as lawyer Atticus Finch,
along with a boosting performance by Robert Selden Duvall (1931-) (a descendant of Confed. Gen. Robert E. Lee, who is roommates with
Dustin Hoffman and Gene Hackman) as man-child Boo Radley;
10-y.-o. Mary Badham (1952-) (sister of film dir. John Badham, who retires from films in 1966) plays Peck's daughter Scout,
whose innocence is almost destroyed; Phillip Alford (1948-) plays Scout's brother Jem;
Brock Peters (1927-2005) plays coveralls-wearing black chifferobe mover Tom Robinson, who is framed for rape by
white trash girl Mayella Violet Ewell, played by Collin Wilcox (Wilcox-Paxton) (1935-2009),
whose white trash daddy Robert E. Lee "Bob" Ewell, played by James Anderson (1921-69) (AKA Kyle James),
immortalizes Southern white racists; toothy John Megna (1952-95), brother of Connie Stevens plays Charles Baker "Dill" Harris,
based on Harper Lee's childhood friend Truman Capote; odd-looking James Richard Hale (1892-1981) plays mean old man Nathan Radley;
does $13.1M box office on a $2M budget; softens up the Baby Boom generation to support the U.S. civil rights movement?
Orson Welles' The Trial (Dec. 21), based on the 1925 Franz Kafka novel stars Anthony Perkins as bureaucrat Josef K.,
who is accused of an unspecified crime while getting involved with Jeanne Moreau, Romy Schneider, and Elsa Martinelli; Welles plays his atty.; "The best film I have ever made" (Welles).
Robert Wise's B&W Two for the Seesaw
(Nov. 21) (United Artists), based on the 1958 William Gibson play stars Robert Mitchum as Jerry Ryan, an atty. from Neb. who separates from his wife and
moves to a shabby New York City apt., meeting Gittel Mosca (Shirley MacLaine), a struggling dancer, and falling in luv; originally written for Paul Newman and
Elizabeth Taylor, who split for "The Hustler" and "Cleopatra"; Wise's first film since "West Side Story" (1961);
"It just didn't figure that they would... that they could... that they did"; on Apr. 11, 2011 MacLaine reveals on Oprah that she and Mitchum began a
relationship during filming that lasted until his death; music by Andre Previn, featuring Second Chance.
Edward Dmytryk's Walk on the Wild Side
(Feb. 21) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1956 Nelson Algren novel stars Laurence Harvey (who starts getting all of dead James Dean's role) as
Dove Linkhorn, and Jane Fonda as Kitty Twist, who hook up during the Great Depression in New Orleans, while Kitty has a lesbian affair with Dove's old flame
ho Hallie Gerard (Capucine); Barbara Stanwyck plays French Quarter madame Jo Courtney.
Robert Aldrich's B&W What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (Oct. 31) (Seven Arts Productions)
(Warner Bros. Pictures), based on the 1960 Henry Farrell novel stars Bette Davis as former child star Baby Jane Hudson, who is now a scary old hag, and Joan Crawford as her cripped sister Blanche,
who go through a terrific set of increasingly scary games culminating with a turnabout as Jane has to confront what she did to her long ago, becoming one of the best movies of the decade, and
launching the psycho-biddy (hag horror) (hagsploitation) (Grand Dame Guignol) subgenre; film debut of Victor Charles Buono (1938-82);
does $9.5M box office on a $1M budget.
Ingmar Bergman's Winter Light (Dec. 11), stars Gunnar Bjornstrand as Tomas Ericcson, the pastor of a
small rural church, who tries to console fisherman Jonas Persson (Max von Sydow), who is losing his faith, after which schoolteacher
Maerta Lundberg (Ingrid Thulin) offers her love to give it back to him, but he refuses.
Henning Carlsen's A World of Strangers
(Oct. 4), based on a novel by Nadine Gordimer explores the world of South African apartheid; Carlsen has to tell the govt. he is filming a
documentary on music to get it done; after it debuts in Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Oslo, all three countries form their first anti-apartheid committees.
Plays:
Edward Albee (1928-2016), Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
(Oct. 13) (Billy Rose Theatre, New York) (664 perf.); stars Uta Hagen and Arthur Hill as Martha and George (based on New York socialites Willard Maas
and Marie Menken), Melinda Dillon as Honey, and George Grizzard as Nick, two college profs. and their wives, who spend 3 hours exploring who's afraid
of living life without false illusions; "I am, George, I am" (Martha); "Humiliate the Host", "Get the Guests", "Hump the Hostess",
"Bringing Up Baby"; features Bette Davis' line "What a dump"; Am. drama critic
John Mason Brown (1900-69)
resigns from the Pulitzer Prize drama jury after his nomination is rejected on the grounds of obscenity; filmed in 1966 starring Richard Burton
and Elizabeth Taylor.
Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Cascando (radio play).
S.N. Behrman (1893-1973), Lord Pengo
(Royale Theatre, New York) (Nov. 19) (175 perf.); stars Charles Boyer, Agnes Moorhead, and Henry Daniell.
Leslie Bricuse (1931-) and Anthony Newley (1931-99),
Stop the World - I Want to Get Off
(musical) (Queen's Theater, London) (July 20) (485 perf.); stars Anthony Newley as circus clown Littlechap, who marries the boss' daughter
Evie (Anna Quayle), then hooks up with other women (played by Anna Quayle); features the song
Mumbo Jumbo.
William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Cigarette Girl.
Friedrich Durrenmatt (1921-90), The Physicists
(Schauspielhaus, Zurich) (Feb. 21).
Horton Foote (1916-), Roots in a Parched Ground.
Christopher Fry (1907-2005), Judith;
based on a play by Jean Giraudoux.
Herb Gardner (1934-2003), A Thousand Clowns
(comedy) (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Mar. 5) (428 perf.); stars Jason Robards Jr. as Murray Burns (based on Gardner's friend Jean Shepherd),
an unemployed kids' show writer with Peter Pan Syndrome who has to choose between conforming or losing custody of his 11-y.-o. nephew to the
Child Welfare Bureau.
Michel de Ghelderode (1898-1962), Angelic Chorus.
James Goldman (1927-98), William Goldman (1931-), and John Kander (1927-),
A Family Affair
(musical) (Billy Rose Theatre, New York) (Jan. 27) (65 perf.);
stars Shelley Berman as Alfie, Eileen Heckart as Tillie, Rita Gardner
as Sally, and Larry Kert as Gerry; produced and dir. by Harold Prince.
Joseph Hayes (1918-2006),
Calculated Risk
(Ambassador Theatre, New York) (Oct. 31) (221 perf.); based
on a play by George Ross and Campbell Singer.
Eugene Ionesco (1909-94),
Exit the King (Le Roi se Meurt)
(Theatre de L'Alliance, Paris) (Dec. 5);
Frenzy for Two or More (Delire a Deux);
a man and woman are trapped in their house during a war.
Ann Jellicoe (1927-), The Knack
(Royal Court Theatre, London) (Mar. 27); stars Rita Tushingham, Julian Glover, and Philip Locke as a group of young London adults who
discuss how to get "the knack" with the opposite sex.
Arthur Kopit (1937-), Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mam's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad
(Phoenix Theatre, New York) (Feb. 26) (454 perf.).
Milan Kundera (1929-), The Owners of the Keys
(Nat. Theater, Prague) (Apr.); he uses the play to confess to ratting on fellow Czech Miroslav Dvoracek in 1949?
Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Stephen D (Dublin).
Ira Levin (1929-2007), General Seeger.
Sumner Arthur Long (1921-93), Never Too Late
(comedy) (Playhouse Theatre, New York) (Nov. 27) (1,007 perf.); dir. by George Abbott; middle-age Harry Lambert (Paul Ford) and Edith Lambert (Maureen O'Sullivan) are expecting; filmed in 1965.
Felicien Marceau (1913-), Les Cailloux.
Elick Moll (1901-88), Seidman and Son
(Belasco Theater, New York) (Oct. 15) (216 perf.); based on his 1958 novel; stars Hy Anzell, Vincent Gardenia, and Sam Levene.
Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953), More Stately Mansions (posth.) (Stockholm); debuts on Broadway in 1967.
S.J. Perelman (1904-79), The Beauty Part;
stars Bert Lahr as Lance Weatherwax, who falls in love with "BoHo" girl April Monkhood; too bad, the 114-day 1962 New York City newspaper
strike plus two snowstorms causes it to fold.
Stephen Sondheim (1930-), Burt Shevelove (1915-82), and Larry Gelbart (1928-),
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (musical)
(Alvin Theatre, New York) (May 8) (Mark Hellinger Theatre) (Majestic Theatre) (964 perf.); dir. by George Abbott; produced by Hal Prince; choreography by
Jack Cole; costume design by Tony Walton; slave Pseudolus (Zero Mostel, after Phil Silvers turns it down helps his young master shag the girl next door;
inspired by the farces of ancient Roman writer Plautus (-251 to -183); filmed in 1966.
Cecil Philip Taylor (1929-81), Aa Went to Blaydon Races (first play).
Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), The Concert at Saint-Ovide Fair (El Concerto de San Ovidio).
Martin Walser (1927-), The Rabbit Race (Esche und Angora) (Oak Tree and Angora)
(Schillertheater, Berlin) (Sept. 23).
Jerome Weidman (1913-98) and Harold Rome (1908-93), I Can Get It For You Wholesale
(Sam S. Shubert Theatre, New York) (Mar. 22) (301 perf.); dir. by Arthur Laurents; stars Elliot Gould as 1937 Jewish New York garment industry
businessman Harry Bogen, who stops at nothing to get to the top; Broadway debut of Barbara Streisand as Bogen's secy. Miss Marmelstein, who is nominated for a Tony.
Arnold Wesker (1932-), Chips with Everything (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Apr. 27) (288 perf.);
stars Frank Finlay and John Kelland.
Patrick White (1912-90), The Season at Sarsaparilla (Adelaide U.) (Sept. 14).
Poetry:
Vicente Aleixandre (1898-1977), In a Vast Dominion.
John Ashbery (1927-2017), The Tennis Court Oath.
Earle Birney (1904-95), Ice Cod Bell or Stone: A Collection of New Poems.
Robert Bly (1926-2021), Silence in the Snowy Fields (debut);
The Lion's Tail and Eyes: Poems Written Out of Laziness and Silence.
Rene Char (1907-88), La Parole en Archipel.
Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), Notes from a Bottle Found on the Beach at Carmel.
Gregory Corso (1930-2001), Long Live Man;
Selected Poems.
Robert Creeley (1926-2005), For Love: Poems 1950-1960; makes him a star; incl.
Heroes;
"In those stories the hero/ is beyond himself into the next/ thing, be it those labors of Hercules, or Aeneas going into death."
Richard Eberhart (1904-2005), Collected Verse Plays.
William Everson (1912-94), The Hazards of Holiness: Poems 1957-1960;
pub. under alias Brother Antoninus.
Robert Frost (1874-1963), In the Clearing.
R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), Untitled Epic Poem on the History of Industrialization;
"Industrialization is the first religion that is realistically universal."
Paul Goodman (1911-72), The Lordly Hudson: Collected Poems.
Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), New Poems 1962;
The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration.
John Hollander (1929-), Movie-Going and Other Poems.
Randall Jarrell (1914-65), A Sad Heart at the Supermarket.
Malcolm Lowry (1909-57), Selected Poems (posth.).
James Merrill (1926-95), Water Street; where he was born.
Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), King Popiel and Other Poems.
Eugenio Montale (1896-1981), Satura;
Accordi e Pastelli.
Robert Nathan (1894-1985), The Married Man.
George Oppen (1908-84), The Materials;
his first pub. after returning from political exile in Mexico in 1950-8 after Sen. Joseph McCarthy dies; incl. poems by Buddhadev Bose.
Boris Pasternak (1890-1960), In the Interlude: Poems 1945-1960.
Dawn Powell (1896-1965), Waterlily Fire.
Noel Regney (1922-2002) and Gloria Shayne Baker (1923-2008), Do You Hear What I Hear; recorded by Bing Crosby.
Anne Sexton (1928-74), All My Pretty Ones.
William Stafford (1914-93), Traveling through the Dark (Nat. Book Award);
about encountering a freshly-killed doe on a mountain road and discovering that it's carrying a live fawn.
Wislawa Szymborska (1923-2012), Salt;
incl. Conversation with a Stone.
Derek Walcott (1930-), In a Green Night: Poems 1948-1960.
William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), Pictures from Brueghel and Other Poems (Pulitzer Prize).
Pictures from Brueghel and Other Poems (Pulitzer Prize).
Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), 16 Once Published;
Arise, Arise.
Novels:
Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89),
Fire on the Mountain;
John Vogelin vs. the govt. in the N.M. wilderness.
Kobo Abe (1924-93), The Woman in the Dunes.
Brian W. Aldiss (1925-),
Hothouse (The Long Afternoon of Earth);
the Earth stops rotating.
Eric Ambler (1909-98),
The Light of Day (Topkapi);
filmed in 1964 as "Topkapi", and lampooned in "The Pink Panther" (1963).
Louis Auchincloss (1917-), Portrait in Brownstone.
Francisco Ayala (1906-2009), The Bottom of the Glass (El Fondo del Vaso) (short stories).
Nigel Balchin (1908-70), Seen Dimly Before Dawn.
James Baldwin (1924-87), Another Country; title based on a line from Christopher Marlowe's "The Jew of Malta":
"Thou hast committed --/ Fornication, but that was in another country;/ And besides, the wench is dead"; bi black jazz drummer Rufus Scott ("the black corpse floating in the national psyche")
leaves Harlem for the Am. South, hooks up with Southern white woman Leona, experiencing racism and taking it out on her, landing her in a mental hospital, after which he returns to Harlem
and jumps off the George Washington Bridge.
J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Voices of Time and Other Stories;
Billennium (short stories);
The Drowned World; set in flooded deserted London in 2145 after global warming causes the polar ice caps to melt;
helps found the genre of cli-fi (climate fiction), a term coined by Angela Evancie in an NPR broadcast on Apr. 20, 2013.
Giorgio Bassani (1916-2000), The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Il Giardino dei Finzi-Contini);
another in the Romance of Ferrara series (1956-72), about the Italian Jewish community under Fascism in 1938-43; filmed in 1970.
James Bassett (1912-78), In Harm's Way;
bestseller about U.S. naval officers in Hawaii before Pearl Harbor.
Thomas Berger (1924-), Reinhart in Love.
Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Le Jour est Noir (The Day is Dark).
Robert Bloch (1917-94), The Couch;
Terror;
Yours Truly, Jack the Ripper (short stories);
Atoms and Evil
(short stories).
Heinrich Boll (1917-85),
Ein Schluck Erde.
Martin Boyd (1893-1972), When Blackbirds Sing.
Leigh Brackett (1915-78),
Alpha Centauri or Die!
Ray Bradbury (1920-2012),
Something Wicked This Way Comes;
13-y.-o. boys Jim Nightshade and Will Holloway visit a travelling
carnival and meet Mr. Dark, who wears a tattoo for each person
whose soul he's bought, after which Will's father Charles takes him
on to regain his youth.
Marion Zimmer Bradley (1930-99),
I Am a Lesbian;
pub. under alias Lee Chapman; "Her kind of love was different - but was it wrong?";
Sword of Aldones;
first in the Darkover series.
John Braine (1922-86), Life at the Top;
sequel to "Room at the Top" (1957); filmed in 1965 starring Laurence Harvey.
E.R. Braithwaite (1920-),
Paid Servant.
Brigid Brophy (1929-9), Flesh: A Novel of Indolent Passion;
upper middle class London Jew Marcus like Rubens, then meets experienced Nancy, who becomes his teacher in bed.
Eugene Burdick (1918-65) and John Harvey Wheeler (1918-2004),
Fail-Safe (Oct. 22); a computer glitch causes USAF nuclear bombers to attack the
Soviet Union; filmed in 1964; Wheeler was born in Waco, Tex., natch?
Anthony Burgess (1917-93), The Wanting Seed;
the future of London is gay miscegenation?;
A Clockwork Orange;
invents the Nadsat
language for the novel, a combo of English and Russian, e.g., "Moloko (Milk) Bar".
W.R. Burnett (1899-1982), The Goldseekers;
The Widow Barony.
William S. Burroughs (1914-97),
The Ticket That Exploded;
#2 in the Jumbled-Page Trilogy.
James M. Cain (1892-1977),
Mignon
(first novel since 1954).
Taylor Caldwell (1900-85),
A Prologue to Love.
Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Tales for the Mirror (short stories).
Alejo Carpentier (1904-80), El Siglo de las Luces (The Century of Light); t
he impact of the Enlightenment and French Rev. on Latin Am.; "Meditation on the dangers inherent in all revolutions as they begin to confront the temptations of dictatorship"; causes
Gabriel Garcia Marquez to rewrite "One Hundred Years of Solitude"?
John Dickson Carr (1906-77), The Demoniacs.
John le Carre (1931-2020), A Murder of Quality.
Agatha Christie (1890-1976), The Mirror Crack'd (from Side to Side) (Nov. 12); Miss Marple.
James Clavell (1924-94), King Rat (first novel);
bestseller about his experiences as a British POW in Changi Camp in Singapore; the King (a U.S. cpl.), Peter Marlowe (Clavell), Robin Grey;
rats are bred as food, and left in their cages when the camp is liberated, forcing them to eat each other, with the survivor becoming king of the rats; filmed in 1965 starring George Segal.
Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Garment.
Robert Cormier (1925-2000), Mrs. Riley is a Bad Teacher.
Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Historias de Cronopios y de Famas (short stories).
Roald Dahl (1916-90), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory;
eccentric candymaker Willy Wonka sends out five Golden Tickets, which are found by Augustus Gloop, Veruca Salt, Violet Beureguarde,
Mike Teavee, and Charlie Bucket, and after the others are done in, Charlie receives the prize to a song composed by the Oompa Loompas
(originally skinny black pygmies who work for cacao beans until complaints from the NAACP make him change to long golden-brown-haired
rosy-white-skinned citizens of Loompaland in 1973); don't miss the coconut-ice skating rinks, cows that give chocolate milk, edible
marshmallow pillows, hot ice creams for cold days, invisible chocolate bars for eating in class, lickable wallpaper, etc.;
"These two very old people are the father and mother of Mr. Bucket" (first line); filmed in 1971 and 2005; followed by
"Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator" (1972).
Lionel Davidson (1922-2009), The Rose of Tibet;
Charlie Houston travels to Tibet in 1950-1, and is mistaken for their messiah and awarded a gorgeous babe and huge treasure, then
told to take on the invading Red Chinese army; makes fans of Graham Greene and Barry Gifford.
Len Deighton (1929-), The IPCRESS File (first spy novel);
a nameless anti-hero of WOOC(P) vs. bad guys Jay and Dalby, who brainwash VIPs into loyalty to the Soviet Union with IPCRESS
(Induction of Psycho-neuroses by Conditioned Reflex with Stress); becomes an instant bestseller, changing the spy thriller genre
and earning him the title "Poet of the Spy Story" (Sunday Times); filmed in 1965 starring Michael Caine, who takes the name Harry Palmer (hairy palm?).
Maurice Druon (1918-2009),
Des Seigneurs de la Plaine a l'Hotel de Mondez.
Allen Drury (1918-98), A Shade of Difference;
sequel to "Advise and Consent" (1959).
Harlan Ellison (1934-), Ellison Wonderland (Earthman, Go Home!)
(short stories); his home in Sherman Oaks, Calif.?
Howard Fast (1914-2003), Power.
William Faulkner (1897-1962), The Reivers
(last novel) (Pulitzer Prize); #3 in Snopes Trilogy; a young boy and two adult pals steal a
car and escape 1905 small-town Miss. for the big city of Memphis, Tenn.
Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Pull Down Vanity and Other Stories.
Ian Fleming (1908-64), The Spy Who Loved Me (James Bond 007 #9) (Apr. 16);
narrated by young Canadian woman Vivienne Michel; filmed in 1977.
Dick Francis (1920-), Dead Cert (first novel); the Queen Mother's jockey turns novelist.
Janet Frame (1924-2004), The Edge of the Alphabet.
Pamela Frankau (1908-67), Letter to a Parish Priest.
Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Love (Death) in Amsterdam;
#1 in the Van der Valk series, about Dutch detective Simon "Piet" van der Valk and his asst. Johnny Kroon.
Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-), Stern
(first novel); comic novel about a young Am. Jew who relocates to the suburbs and gets hit with bigotry and voracious caterpillars;
favorite novel of John Kennedy Toole.
Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Aura;
La Muerte de Artemio Cruz.
Romain Gary (1914-80), Gloire a Nos Illustres Pionniers (Hissing Tales).
Fred Gipson (1908-73), Savage Sam;
sequel to "Old Yeller" (1956); followed by "Little Arliss" (1978).
Davis Grubb (1919-80), The Voices of Glory (short stories);
social worker Marcy Cresap in Glory, W. Va.
Patricia Highsmith (1921-95),
The Cry of the Owl;
Robert Forester begins watching Jenny through her window in suburban Penn.
David Ignatow (1914-97),
Say Pardon.
Eugene Ionesco (1909-94),
The Colonel's Photograph and Other Stories
(La Photo du Colonel).
Christopher Isherwood (1904-86),
Down There on a Visit.
Shirley Jackson (1916-65),
We Have Always Lived in the Castle;
two sisters living in a ruined house.
P.D. James (1920-), Cover Her Face (first novel); Adam Dalgliesh of New Scotland Yard.
Richard Jessup (1925-82), Target for Tonight; novelization of the BBC-TV series "Danger Man".
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (1927-), Get Ready for the Battle.
Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), An Error of Judgement;
Harley St. physician Setter tells former patient Vic (the narrator) about his fixation on Teddy Boy Sammy.
Uwe Johnson (1934-84), Das Dritte Buch uber Achim (The Third Book About Achim).
James Jones (1921-77), The Thin Red Line (Sept.); #2 in his WWII trilogy; "The thin red line between the sane
and the insane"; the 1942-3 Battle of Guadalcanal and the Dec.-Jan. Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse ; Pvt.
Witt, Pvt. Bell, Col. Tall; "This book is cheerfully dedicated to those greatest and most heroic of all human endeavors, WAR and WARFARE; may
they never cease to give us the pleasure, excitement and adrenal stimulation that we need, or provide us with the heroes, the presidents
and the leaders, the monuments and museums which we erect to them in the name of PEACE"; filmed in 1964.
Sue Kaufman (1926-77), Green Holly.
Ezra Jack Keats, The Snowy Day.
Ken Kesey (1935-2001), One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest;
written at La Honda, his forest home 50 mi. S of San Francisco, where he and his Merry Pranksters serve Kool-Aid spiked with LSD;
"One flew east, one flew west..."; mental patient Randle Patrick McMurphy vs. Nurse Rached; filmed in 1975 starring Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher.
Joseph Kessel (1898-1979), The Magic Touch (Man with the Miraculous Hands).
Frances Parkinson Keyes (1885-1970), Madame Castel's Lodger;
about U.S. Civil War Confed Gen. Pierre Beauregard, whose home in New Orleans at 1113 Chartres St. she buys and moves into.
John Oliver Killens (1916-87), And Then We Heard the Thunder;
mistreatment of black soldiers in the U.S. military.
Russell Amos Kirk (1918-94), The Surly Sullen Bell (short stories).
Fletcher Knebel (1911-93) and Charles Bailey II, Seven Days in May;
bestseller about an attempted military coup in the U.S.
John Knowles (1926-2001), Morning in Antibes.
Louis L'Amour (1908-88), Lando;
Orlando Sackett searches for his father's gold in Mexico and ends up in a horrible Mexican jail.
Madeleine L'Engle (1918-2007), A Wrinkle in Time;
children's sci-fi classic about 14-y.-o. Meg Murry, with 10-y.-o. twin brothers Sandy and Dennys, 5-y.-o. supergenius brother Charles Wallace,
a beautiful scientist mother, and mysterious scientist father, who went missing after working on the Tesseract; filmed in 2003 as a TV movie by Disney, and in 2018 by Ava DuVernay.
Dora May Lessing (1919-), The Golden Notebook;
"I found myself thinking about that novel which most writers now are tempted to write at some time or another - about the problems of a writer, about the
artistic sensibility. I saw no point in writing this again: it has been done too often.... The subject should be, not a practising artist, but an artist
with some kind of a block which prevented him or her from creating. In describing the reasons for the block, I would also be making the criticisms I
wanted to make about our society. I would be describing a disgust and self-division which afflicts people now, and not only artists."
Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), Down Where the Moon is Small.
Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), La Ciudad y Los Perros (The City and the Dogs) (The Time of the Hero) (first novel); about the
Leonicio Prado Academy in Peru, pissing-off its officials, who burn 1K copies of the book, making it more popular.
Alison Lurie (1926-), Love and Friendship
(first novel); faculty wives Emmy Stockwell Turner and Miranda Fenn at all-male Convers College.
Alistair MacLean (1922-87), The Golden Rendezvous;
The Satan Bug;
uses alias Ian Stuart.
Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006),
Autumn Quail;
God's World
(short stories).
Charles Eric Maine (1921-81),
The Darkest of Nights (Survival Margin).
Bruce Marshall (1899-1987),
A Girl from Lubeck.
Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78),
The Battles for New Orleans;
Trouble in Burma.
Stanley Middleton (1919-2009),
The Just Exchange.
Yukio Mishima (1925-70),
Beautiful Star.
Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999),
Memoirs
of a Spacewoman.
Brian Moore (1921-99),
An
Answer from Limbo.
Alberto Moravia (1907-90),
L'Automa (The Fetish) (short stories).
Penelope Ruth Mortimer (1918-99),
The Pumpkin Eater;
a woman marries her 4th hubby, and leads an empty life although he makes a lot of money.
Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Meeting Place.
Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Pale Fire.
Robert Nathan (1894-1985), A Star in the Wind; bestseller.
Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), The Barbary Light.;
"minor, deft, deliciously droll and sometimes startlingly profound little novel" (Time mag.).
Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), Richard Temple;
Welsh spy is held in a German prison in France, and escapes into his past.
Edna O'Brien (1930-), The Lonely Girl.
Flann O'Brien (Brian O'Nolan) (1911-66), The Hard Life;
"It is not that I half knew my mother. I knew half of her: the lower half." (opening line).
John O'Hara (1905-70), The Big Laugh;
about Hollyweird's Golden Age and its phoniness;
The Cape Cod Lighter (short stories).
Edith Pargeter (1913-95), Funeral of Figaro.
Robert Pinget (1919-97), L'Inquisitoire.
Katherine Anne Porter (1890-1980), Ship of Fools
(Apr. 1); bestseller; filmed in 1965.
Dawn Powell (1896-1965), The Golden Spur
(last novel); man seeks to replace his father with an offbeat artist or writer.
Reynolds Price (1933-), A Long and Happy Life (first novel).
Jean Raspail (1925-), The Widows of Santiago.
Erich Maria Remarque (1898-1970), The Night in Lisbon.
Mary Renault (1905-83), The Bull from the Sea;
sequel to "The King Must Die" (1958).
Robert Henry Rimmer (1917-2001), That Girl from Boston (first novel) - why does
that name make me think of eating shit?
Harold Robbins (1916-97), Where Love Has Gone;
mother and her teenie daughter go after the same man, and the daughter stabs the mother; filmed in 1963.
Philip Roth (1933-2018), Letting Go (first novel).
Robert Ruark (1915-65), Uhuru;
set in Kenya; name spawns the Star Trek character Uhura?
Charles M. Schulz (1922-2000), Happiness Is a Warm Puppy.
Paul Mark Scott (1920-78), The Birds of Paradise;
The Bender
(Dec. 31); George, his Aunt Clara, Lady Butterfield, his brothers Guy and Tim, his uncle Roderick.
Robert Cedric Sherriff (1896-1975), The Wells of St. Mary's.
Claude Simon (1913-2005), The Palace (Le Palace).
Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), The Slave;
Wandering Jew Jacob in 17th cent. Poland.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich;
in Nov. Soviet PM Khrushchev directs the literary mag. Novy Mir to pub. it,
giving him internat. fame after he had been an inmate in Stalin's labor camps for eight years;
about Soviet labor camp inmate Ivan Denisovich Shukhov in the 1950s;
in 1966 the Soviet Union bans all his works; in 1969 leftist writer
Lillian Hellman (1905-84)
tells Dorothea Strauss, wife of publisher Roger W. Straus that he is a "malefactor"
for pub. Solzhenitsyn's work, with the soundbyte:
"If you knew what I know about American prisons, you would be a Stalinist too".
Wallace Stegner (1909-93),
Wolf Willow.
John Steinbeck (1902-68),
Travels with Charley in Search of America;
NYT bestseller about a road trip through 38 states in 11 weeks (10K mi.) with a poodle in a pickup truck
with self-containing living quarters, starting on Sept. 23, 1960 in Sag Harbor, Long Island, going
counterclockwise through Washington state, Monterey, Calif., Tex., and across the South; his last major
pub. work, making him the first with NYT fiction and non-fiction bestsellers;
"'Hah!' I shouted as a million North Dakota cornstalks rattled in the October wind. 'Who were you trying
to kid, John? Who'd you think would ever believe you met a Shakespearean actor out here?'" (Oct. 12, 1960); a
lit. fraud?
Han Suying (1917-), Two Loves; incl.
Winter Love; lezzie romance between two medical students in 1940s London;
Cast But One Shadow; based on a true story about a Dutch girl brought up in Indonesia by a
native, after which her true parents want her back, and after the court awards custody a 2-day riot begins.
Mario Tobino (1910-91), Il Clandestino.
John Updike (1932-2009), Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories;
"He had been an obscure political agitator, a kind of hobo, in a minor colony of the Roman Empire. By an
accident impossible to reconstruct, he (the small h horrified David) survived his own crucifixion and presumably
died a few weeks later. A religion was founded on the freakish incident. The credulous imagination of the times
retrospectively assigned miracles and supernatural pretensions to Jesus; a myth grew, and then a church, whose
theology at most points was in direct contradiction of the simple, rather communistic teachings of the Galilean."
Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Canary in a Cat House (short stories).
Per Wahloo (1926-75), A Necessary Action (The Lorry) (Lastbilen).
John B. Wain (1925-94), Strike the Father Dead; a jazzman rebels against his dad.
Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Prize; the lives of a group of Nobel Prize winners.
Edward Lewis Wallant (1926-62), The Tenants of Moonbloom (posth.).
Jerome Weidman (1913-98), The Sound of Bow Bells.
Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), Mayhem in Greece.
Leonard Wibberley (1915-83), The Mouse on the Moon;
more on Grand Fenwick and its leading scientist Prof. Kokintz.
Henry Williamson (1895-1977), It Was the Nightingale.
Arthur Wise (1923-82), How Now Brown Cow; pub. under alias John McArthur;
The Death's-Head; investigator Ned Sanderson.
Richard Yates (1926-92), Eleven Kinds of Loneliness (short stories).
Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), Griffin's Way.
Births:
Australian "Count Dracula in Van Helsing", "Agent M in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen" actor-dir. Richard Roxburgh
on Jan. 1 in Albury, N.S.W.
Am. 6'8" Gothic metal musician Peter Steele (Petrus Thomas Ratajczyk)
(d. 2010) on Jan. 4 in Red Hook, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Am. "The Girl in Fandango", "Edie Finneran in The Usual Suspects", "Lizzy Calvert in Titanic" actress
Susan Elizabeth "Suzy" Amis
on Jan. 5 in Oklahoma City, Okla.; wife of (1985-93) Sam Robards (1961-) and (2000-) James Cameron (1954-).
Canadian fashion critic (gay) Steven "Cojo" Cojocaru
on Jan. 5 in Montreal, Quebec; parents are Romanian immigrants.
Am. rock bassist Kelly Nickels
(Faster Pussycat, Sweet Pain, L.A. Guns) on Jan. 5.
Russian political scientist Alexander (Aleksandr) Gelyevich Dugin
on Jan. 7 in Moscow.
Am. "Data's daughter Lal in ST:TNG" actress Hallie Todd (Eckstein)
on Jan. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif.
Am. country singer-actor Tracy Darrell "Trace" Adkins
on Jan. 13 in Sarepta, La.
English musician Nigel Hunter (Danbert Nobacon)
on Jan. 16 in Burnley, Lancashire.
English rock bassist Paul Douglas Webb
(Talk Talk) on Jan. 16 in Essex.
Canadian "The Mask" actor-comedian James Eugene "Jim" Carrey
on Jan. 17 in Newmarket, Ont.; Catholic mortician father.
English musician Ari Up (Ariane Daniele Forster)
(d. 2010) (The Slits) on Jan. 17 in Munich, Germany.
Am. "Nellie Oleson in Little House on the Prairie" actress Alison Margaret Arngrim
on Jan. 18 in New York City; daughter of Thor Arngrim and Norma MacMillan (1921-2001) (voice of Capser the Friendly Ghost and Gumby).
Am. football defensive lineman and ("Sgt. Swede Johanson in Heartbreak Ridge") actor Peter Alan Koch
on Jan. 23 in New Hyde Park, N.Y.; educated at the U. of Md.
Australian "Hugh Stamp in Mission: Impossible 2", "Dracula in Van Helsing" actor-writer-dir.-producer Richard Roxburgh
on Jan. 23 in Albury, N.S.W.; educated at the Australian Nat. U.
Am. chef Michael Chiarello
on Jan. 26 in Red Bluff, Calif.; educated at Culinary Inst. of Am.
Am. "James Martinez in NYPD Blue" actor Nicholas Turturro
on Jan. 29 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; brother of John Turturro (1957-).
Jordanian king (1999-) Abdullah II bin al-Hussein
on Jan. 30 in Amman; eldest son of Hussein I (1935-99) and 2nd wife Princess Muna al-Hussein (Antoinette Avril Gardiner) (1941-); educated at Pembroke College, Oxford U., and Sanhurst Military Academy.
Am. celeb Mary Kay Letourneau (nee Schmitz)
on Jan. 30 in Tustin, Calif.; educated at Ariz. State U.
Saudi ambassador to the U.S. (2007-) (Muslim) Adel al-Jubeir
on Feb. 1 in Al Majma'ah, Riyadh Province; educated at Georgetown U.
Am. "The Pretender" actor Michael Terry Weiss
on Feb. 2 in Chicago, Ill.
Am. "Abigail Abby Perkins in L.A. Law" actress-musician-writer
Michele Dominguez Greene
on Feb. 3 in Las Vegas, Nev.; educated at USC.
Am. "A Better Man" country singer-songwriter Clint Patrick Black
on Feb. 4 in Long Branch, N.J.; raised in Katy, Tex.
Am. "Stacy Hamilton in Fast Times at Ridgemont High", "Sadie Flood in Georgia" actress Jennifer Jason Leigh
on Feb. 5 in Hollywood, Calif.; daughter of Vic Morrow (1929-82).
Am. "Appetite for Destruction" singer W. Axl Rose (William Bruce Rose Jr.)
(Guns N'Roses) on Feb. 6 in Lafayette, Ind.
Am. "The Thunder Rolls", "Friends in Low Places" country singer Troyal Garth Brooks
on Feb. 7 in Tulsa, Okla.; raised in Yukon, Okla.; husband (2005-) of Trisha Yearwood (1964-).
British comedian Edward John "Eddie" Izzard
on Feb. 7 in Aden.
Am. rock musician David Bryan Rashbaum
(Bon Jovi) on Feb. 7 in Perth Amboy, N.J.
English "Noughts and Crosses" children-writer (black) Malorie Blackman
on Feb. 8 in Clapham, London; Barbados immigrant parents.
Am. rock bassist Clifford Lee "Cliff" Burton
(d. 1986) (Metallica) on Feb. 10 in Castro Valley, Calif.
Am. "If It Makes You Happy", "Everyday Is A Winding Road" singer
Sheryl Suzanne Crow
on Feb. 11 in Kennett, Mo.
Am. "Infinite Jest", "The Pale King" novelist (alcoholic) (drug addict) David Foster Wallace
(d. 2008) on Feb. 21 in Ithaca, N.Y.; educated at Amherst College.
Am. "Ritchie Valens in La Bamba", "Angel Guzman in Stand and Deliver" actor
Lou Diamond Phillips
(Upchurch) on Feb. 17 in Subic Bay, Philippines; Scotch-Irish-Hawaiian-Cherokee
father, Spanish-Chinese-Hawaiian-Japanese-Filipino mother; named after U.S. Marine
hero Lou Diamond; educated at the U. of Tex.
Czech tennis player Hana Mandlikova
on Feb. 19 in Prague.
Am. "Fight Club" novelist Charles Michael "Chuck" Palahniuk
on Feb. 21 in Pasco, Wash.; educated at the U. of Oregon.
Australian "The Crocodile Hunter" Stephen Robert "Steve" Irwin
(d. 2006) on Feb. 22 in Essendon, Victoria; father of Bindi Irwin (1998-).
English "Stargate", "Independence Day", "Casino Royale", "Quantum of Solace" film composer David G. Arnold
on Feb. 23 in Luton, Bedfordshire.
Am. Repub. political consultant (Jewish) Frank Ian Luntz
on Feb. 23 in West Hartford, Conn.; educated at the U. of Penn., and Trinity College, Oxford U.
Am. rock guitarist Michael Wilton
(Queensryche) on Feb. 23 in San Francisco, Calif.
Am. Repub. diplomat-businesswoman Kelly Dawn Knight Craft (nee Guilfoil)
on Feb. 24 in Fayette County, Ky.; first woman U.S. ambassador to Canada (2017-); educated at the U. of Ky.
Am. "Short Sharp Shocked" singer-songwriter
Michelle Shocked (Karen Michelle Johnson)
on Feb. 24 in Dallas, Tex.; educated at UTA; a play on "shell shocked".
Am. "John Casey in Chuck" actor
Adam Baldwin
on Feb. 27 in Chicago, Ill.; no relation to Alec Baldwin and the Baldwin brothers from Long Island, N.Y.
Am. "Jake Hanson in Melrose Place" actor
Grant Alan Show
on Feb. 27 in Detroit, Mich.
Australian Liberal MP (2004-16) Dennis Geoffrey Jensen
on Feb. 28 in Johannesburg, South afria; educated at Monash U.
Am. rock bassist Bill Leen
(Gin Blossoms) on Mar. 1 in Tempe, Ariz.; educated at Ariz. State U.
Am. "Slippery When Wet" singer-songwriter
Jon Bon Jovi (John Francis Bongiovi Jr.
(Bon Jovi) on Mar. 2 in Perth Amboy, N.J.
Am. football player (black) (multiple personality disorder?) (Dallas Cowboys #34, 1986-9, 1996-7) (Minn. Vikings, 1989-91) (Phila. Eagles, 1992-4), New York Giants (1995)
Herschel Junior Walker
on Mar. 3 in Wrightsville, Ga.; educated at the U. of Ga.
Am. Olympic gold medalist track star (black)
Jacqueline "Jackie" Joyner-Kersee
on Mar. 3 in East St. Louis, Ill.
Am. "I'll Always Love You", "With Every Beat of My Heart" singer-actress Taylor Dane (Leslie Wunderman)
on Mar. 7 in Baldwin, N.Y.
Am. "Friday Night Lights", "Dr. Billy Kronk in Chicago Hope" actor-producer-dir. Peter Berg
on Mar. 11 in New York City. Am. 6'6" baseball player (black) (New York Mets, 1983-90) (New York Yankees, 1995-9)
Darryl Eugene Strawberry
on Mar. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif.
Am. jazz trumpeter-composer-bandleader (black) Terence Blanchard
on Mar. 13 in New Orleans, La.
Am. "Africa Speaks, America Answers" historian (black) Robin Davis Gibran Kelley
on Mar. 14 in New York City; educated at Cal. State U. Long Beach, and UCLA; husband (2009-) of Lisa Gay Hamilton (1964-).
Am. Borland Internat. founder (Jewish) Philippe Kahn
on Mar. 16 in Paris, France; educated at ETH Zurich and the U. of Nice.
Am. mob boss Joseph Salvatore "Skinny Joe" Merlino
on Mar. 16 in Philadelphia, Penn.
Am. "Going All the Way", "Arlington Road", "The Mothman Prophecies" dir.-writer-producer
Mark Pellington
on Mar. 17 in Baltimore, Md.; educated at the U. of Va.
Am. "Flashdance... What a Feeling", "Fame" singer-actress
Irene Cara
on Mar. 18 in Springfield, Colo.; Puerto Rican immigrant father, Cuban descent mother.
Am. "Dirty Jobs" host
Michael Gregory "Mike" Row
on Mar. 18 in Baltimore, Md.
Am. "David Lightman in WarGames", "Ferris Bueller in Ferris Bueller's Day Off", "Inspector Gadget" actor (Jewish)
Matthew Broderick
on Mar. 21 in New York City; Irish Catholic father, Jewish mother;
husband (1997-) of Sarah Jessica Parker (1965-).
Am. "A League of Their Own", "Betty Rubble in the Flintstones" actress-comedian (lesbian) ("Queen of Nice")
Roseanna Teresa "Rosie" O'Donnell
on Mar. 21 Commack, Long Island, Queens, N.Y.; Irish immigrant father, Irish-Am. mother;
educated at Dickinson College, and Boston U.
Am. "Desperate Housewives" producer-dir.-writer
Marc Cherry
on Mar. 23 in Long Beach, Calif.; educated at Cal. State Fullerton.
Am. "Bree Van De Kamp in Desperate Housewives", "Dr. Kimberly Shaw in Melrose Place",
"Pimple Popper M.D. Dr. Sitarides in Seinfeld" actress (redhead)
Marcia Anne Cross
on Mar. 25 in Marlborough, Mass.
Ukrainian cosmonaut
Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko
on Mar. 26 in Elanets, Mykolaiv Oblast.
Am. 6'2" basketball point guard (Utah Jazz #12, 1984-2003)
"Iron Man" John Houston Stockton
on Mar. 26 in Spokane, Wash.; educated at Gonzaga U.
Am. "Assemblers of Infinity" sci-fi writer
Kevin J. Anderson
(AKA Gabriel Mesta) on Mar. 27 in Oregon, Wisc.
Yugoslavian (Slovenian) Alpine skier
Jure Franko
on Mar. 28 in Nova Gorica; grows up in San Diego, Calif.
Am. ML baseball player-mgr. (Oakland Athletics, 1998-2016) William Lamar "Billy" Beane III
on Mar. 29 in Orlando, Fla.
Am. football WR (San Francisco 49ers #82, 1987-95) (black)
John Gregory Taylor
on Mar. 31 in Pennsauken Township, N.J.
Am. "Buy Me A Rose" country singer-songwriter
William Harold "Billy" Dean Jr.
on Apr. 2 in Quincy, Fla.
Am. "Kaira in Deathstalker" actress-model Lana Jean Clarkson
(d. 2003) on Apr. 5 in Long Beach, calif.
Kalmyk pres. (1993-2010) and FIDE pres. (1995-)
Kirsan Nikolayevich Ilyumzhinov
on Apr. 5 in Elista.
Am. rock musician Izzy Stradlin (Guns N' Roses)
on Apr. 8 in Lafayette, Ind.
Am. "Sweet Dreams", "Be My Lover" singer (black)
Lane McCray Jr.
(La Bouche) on Apr. 13 in Anchorage, Alaska.
English "The Edge Chronicles" children's writer-illustrator
Chris Riddell
on Apr. 13 in South Africa; grows up in England; husband of Joanne Burroughes.
U.S. deputy nat. security advisor (2013-15) (Jewish)
Antony John "Tony" Blinken
on apr. 16 in New York City; educated at Harvard U.
Australian "Honour", "The Female of the Species" playwright-novelist
Joanna Murray-Smith
on Apr. 17 in Mount Eliza, Victor; educated at the U. of Melbourne, and Columbia U.
Am. "Achmed the Dead Terrorist ventriloquist
Jeff Dunham
on Apr. 18 in Dallas, Tex.
Egyptian "Nighttime Confessions" liberal TV journalist (Sunni Muslim)
Bothaina Kamel
on Apr. 18 in Cairo.
Canadian "gay atty. Will Truman on Will & Grace" actor
Eric McCormack
on Apr. 18 in Toronto; of Canadian, Irish, and Cherokee descent.
Am. auto racer
Alfred "Little Al" Unser Jr.
on Apr. 19 in Albuquerque, N.M.; son of Al Unser Sr. (1939-); nephew of Bobby Unser (1934-).
Tunisian PM (2014-15)
Mehdi Jomaa
on Apr. 21 in Mahdia.
Russian cosmonaut
Sergei Viktorovich Zalyotin
on Apr. 21 Shchyokino.
Am. writer Michael Lind
on Apr. 23 in Austin, Tex.; educated at UTA, Yale U., and the U. of Tex.
Am. "Rock On", "Danny Romalotti in The Young and the Restless" singer-actor
Michael Damian (Weir)
on Apr. 26 in San Diego, Calif.
Norwegian neuroscientist Edvard Ingjald Moser
on Apr. 27 in Alesund; husband of May-Britt Moser (1963-); 2014 Nobel Med. Prize.
Am. hall-of-fame basketball player-coach (black) (Detroit Pistons #11, 1981-94)
Isiah Lord Thomas III
on Apr. 30 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Indiana U.
Am. "What Mattered Most" country singer (gay)
Boyd Tyrone "Ty" Herndon
on May 2 in Meridian, Miss.
Somalian pres. #9 (2017-) (black) (Sunni Muslim)
Mohamed Abdullahi "Farmajo" (It. for cheese) Mohamed
on May 5 in Mogadishu; educated at SUNY Buffalo.
English "Personal Jesus" baritone singer
David "Dave" Gahan
(Depeche Mode) on May 9 in Epping, Essex.
Am. "Young Guns" Brat Pack actor-writer-dir.
Emilio D. Estevez (Estévez)
on May 12 in New York City; eldest son of Martin Sheen (Ramon Estevez)
(1940-) and Janet Templeton; brother of Ramon Luis Estevez (1963-),
Charlie Sheen (1965-), and Renee Estevez (1967-).
Am. "Sandy Woodrow in The Constant Gardener" actor-dir.
Danny Huston
on May 14 in Rome, Italy; son of John Huston (1906-87) and Zoe Sallis; half-brother
of Anjelica Huston (1951-); husband (1989-92) of Virginia Madsen and (2001-) Katie Jane Evans (-2008).
Am. rock musician
C.C. DeVille (Bruce Anthony Johannesson)
(Poison) on May 14 in Brooklyn, N.Y.
Am. "Jack Bennett in Edge of Darkness", "King Richard in Robin Hood" actor-dir. Danny Huston
on May 14 in Rome, Italy; son of dir. John Huston (1906-87) and Zoe Sallis (Anglo-Iranian); "My mother was English, my father gave up his U.S. citizenship to become Irish,
and I was born in Rome; I carry no flag."
Scottish "Late Late Show" TV host-comedian-actor Craig Ferguson
on May 17 in Glasgow.
Czech "Grigori Rasputin in Hellboy" actor Karel Roden
on May 18 in Ceske Budejovice.
English musician-producer Martin James "Boz" Boorer
(Polecats) on May 19 in Edgware, Middlesex.
Puerto Rican 5'6-1/2" light-featherweight world champion oxer
Hector Luis "Macho" Camacho Matias (Héctor Luís Camacho Matías)
(d. 2012) on May 24 in Bayamon.
Am. "Police Academy" actor-comedian Robert Francis "Bobcat" Goldthwait
on May 26 in Syracuse, N.Y.; starts out partnering with Robin Williams as Jack Cheese and Marty Fromage.
English "She's Driving Me Crazy" singer-actor (black)
Roland Lee Gift
(Fine Young Cannibals) on May 28 in Birmingham.
Am. "Eddie Corbett in The Courtship of Eddie's Father" actor-musician
Brandon Edwin Cruz
on May 28 in Bakersfield, Calif.
Am. country singer Phil Vassar
on May 28 in Lynchburg, Va.
Am. "Praise Song for the Day" poet-playwright (black)
Elizabeth Alexander
on May 30 in Harlem, N.Y.; daughter of Clifford Alexander Jr. (1933-); grows up in Washington, D.C.; educated at Yale U., Boston U., and the U. of Penn.
Am. "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" comic book artist
Kevin Brooks Eastman
on May 30 in Portland, Maine; collaborator of Peter Laird (1954-).
Canadian "Sunglasses at Night", "Never Surrender", "Boy in the Box" musician Corey Mitchell Hart
on May 31 in Montreal, Quebec.
Russian serial murderer Sergei Kashfulgayanovich Martynov
on June 2 in Nyazepetrovsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast.
English musician
Nick Rhodes (Nicholas James Bates)
(Duran Duran) on June 8 in Moseley, Birmingham.
Am. "Bound" actress Gina L. Gershon
on June 10 [Gemini] in Los Angeles, Calif.
Canadian "Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief" psychologist (Christian?)
Jordan Bernt Peterson
on June 12 in Edmonton, Alberta; grows up in Fairview, Alberta; educated at the U. of Alberta, and McGill U.
Am. "Georgia Miles in Four Friends" actress
Jodi Thelen
on June 12 in St. Cloud, Minn.
Am. "WarGames" Brat Pack actress
Alexandra "Ally" Sheedy
on June 13 [Gemini] in New York City.
Am. TV sports journalist (Roman Catholic)
Hannah Storm (nee Hannah Lynn Storen)
on June 13.
Spanish economist
Xavier Sala i Martin
on June 17 in Cabrera de Mar, Catalonia; educated at the U. of Barcelona, and Harvard U.
Am. "Opposites Attract" "American Idol" singer-dancer (Jewish)
Paula Julie Abdul
on June 19 [Gemini] in San Fernando, Calif.; Syrian Jewish father, Canadian Jewish mother.
Chinese "Shaolin Soccer", "Kung Fu Hustle" actor-dir.-producer-writer
Stephen Chow Sing-chi
on June 22 in Hong Kong.
Am. 6'7" basketball hall-of-fame player-coach (black) (Portland Trail Blazers #22, 1983-5)
(Houston Rockets #22, 1995-8) (U. of Houston, 1998-2000)
Clyde Austin "the Glide" Drexler
on June 22 in New Orleans, La.; educated at Houston U.
Scottish rocker
Robert "Bobby" Gillespie
(Primal Scream) on June 22 in Glasgoe.
Am. rock singer
Chuck Billy
(Testament) on June 23.
Am. football kicker (Indianapolis Colts #4, 1984-94)
Dean Biasucci
on July 25 in Niagara Falls, N.Y.; educated at Western Carolina U.
Am. record co. chief exec (black)
Tony Mercedes
on June 28.
Am. rock composer Mark De Gli Antoni
(Soul Coughing) on June 20 in San Francisco, Calif.
English "lesbian kisser CJ Lamb in LA Law" actress
Amanda Donohoe
on June 29 in London; lover of Adam Ant (1954-).
Am. "Dr. Darryl Nolan in House M.D.", "Capt. Ray Holt in Brooklyn Nine-Nine" actor (black)
Andre K. Braugher
on July 1 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Stanford U., and Juilliard School.
English "Lt. Malcolm Reed in Star Trek: Enterprise" actor
Dominic Keating
on July 1 in Leicester; Irish father, English mother; educated at Univ. College London.
Am. "Pete Maverick Mitchell in Top Gun", "Ethan Hunt in Mission:Impossible"
actor-producer (Scientologist) ("So I'm cuter"?)
Tom Cruise (Thomas Mapother IV)
on July 3 in Syracuse, N.Y.; husband (1987-90) of Mimi Rogers (1956-), (1990-2001)
Nicole Kidman (1967-), and (2006-10) Katie Holmes; an only son; at 14 his impoverished
mom sends him to St. Francis Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio because it offers free room
and board, but he quits after a year and returns to high school; rumors of gayness
haunt him, perhaps from his striking resemblance to gay singer Freddy Mercury of Queen?
Am. "Greg Clifford Montgomery in Dharma and Greg" actor
Thomas Ellis Gibson
on July 3 in Charleston, S.C.
Am. "Dr. Taylor Hayes Marone in The Bold and the Beautiful" actress
Hunter Tylo
on July 3 in Ft. Worth, Tex.
British-Am. "Ultima" video game designer ("Lord British", "General British")
Richard Allen Garriott
on July 4 in Cambridge, England; raised in Nassau Bay, Tex.; son of
Owen Kay Garriott (1930-); brother of Robert K. Garriott (1956-).
Am. 6'0" tennis hall-of-fame player
Pamela Howard "Pam" Shriver (Lazenby)
on July 4 in Baltimore, Md.; 4th cousin of Maria Shriver (1955-); wife (2002-8) of George Lazenby (1939-); doubles partner of Zina Garrison (1963-).
Rock musician Mark White
(Spin Doctors) on July 7.
Am. "One of Us" singer Joan Osborne
on July 8 in Anchorage, Ky.
Am. "Late Show with David Letterman" writer-producer Rob Burnett
on July 8 in North Caldwell, N.J.
Am. "The Wolf of Wall Street" stockbroker (Jewish) Jordan Ross Belfort
on July 9 in Bronc, N.Y.; grows up in Bayside, Queens; educated at Am. U.
Am. bluegrass singer ("New Queen of Bluegrass") Rhonda Lea Vincent
on July 13 in Kirksville, Mo.; grows up in Greentop, Mo.; sister of Darrin Vincent.
Am. "Goose in Top Gun", "Dr. Mark Greene in ER" actor Anthony Charles Edwards
on July 19 in Santa Barbara, Calif.
Am. "Taco Bell Dog", "Mr. Weed in Family Guy" voice actor-comedian Carlos Jaime Alazraqui
on July 20 in Yonkers, N.Y.; Argentine immigrant parents.
English rock drummer Lee David Harris
(Talk Talk) on July 20.
Am. "Growing Up X" writer (Muslim) (black) Ilyasah Shabazz
on July 22 in Queens, N.Y.; 3rd daughter of Malcolm X (1925-65) and Betty Shabazz (1934-97); educated at Fordham U.
Am. "Sara Rush in Too Close for Comfort" actress Lydia Cornell
on July 23 in El Paso, Tex.
Am. "Dr. Peter Benton in ER" actor (black) Eriq Ki La Salle
on July 23 in Hartford, Conn.
Am. basketball player (black) (Minn. Timberwolves #24, 1992-9)
Micheal Douglas Williams
on July 23 in Dallas, Tex.; educated at Baylor U.
Paraguyan pres. (2012-) Luis Federico Franco Gomez
on July 24 in Asuncion.
U.S. Army lt. gen. Herbert Raymond "H.R." "the Iconoclast" McMaster
on July 24 in Philadelphia, Penn.
Russian PM (1998) Sergei Vladilenovich Kiriyenko
on July 26.
Am. hockey coach (Pittsburgh Penguins, 2006-) Rejean "Ray" Shero
on July 28 in St. Paul, Minn.; son of Fred Shero (1925-90).
Am. "Good Eats" chef Alton Crawford Brown
on July 30 in Los Angeles, Calif.
Russian cosmonaut Vladimir Nikolayevich Dezhurov
on July 30 in Yavas, Mordovia.
Am. "Blade", "Demolition Man", "Rising Sun" actor (black) Wesley Trent Snipes
on July 31 in Orlando, Fla.; grows up in Bronx, N.Y.
Am. "Cruz Candelaria in Blood in Blood Out", "Fabio Restrepo in Colombiana" actor Jesse Borrego
on Aug. 1 in San Antonio, Tex.; of Mexican descent; educated at the U. of the Incarnate Word.
Am. "Henry Fool", "Fay Grim" actor Thomas Jay Ryan
on Aug. 1 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at Carnegie Mellon U.
Am. "George's mother in Dead Like Me" actress
Cynthia C. Stevenson
on Aug. 2 in Piedmont, Calif.
Am. baseball pitcher
William Roger "the Rocket" Clemens
on Aug. 4 in Dayton, Ohio; attends h.s. in Houston, Tex.
English musician
Paul Reynolds
(A Flock of Seagulls) on Aug. 4 in Liverpool; known for wearing large
white eyeglasses.
Am. 6'11" hall-of-fame basketball center-coach (New York Knicks #33, 1985-2000) (black)
Patrick Aloysius "Pat" Ewing Sr.
on Aug. 5 in Kingston, Jamaica; educated at Georgetown U.; father of Patrick Ewing Jr. (1984-).
Am. banjo player
Alison Brown
on Aug. 7 in Hartford, Conn.; educated at Harvard U., and UCLA.
Am. "The Hunger Games" novelist (Roman Catholic)
Suzanne Collins
on Aug. 10 in Hartford, Conn.; educated at Indiana U.
English "Happy Ever After" singer
Julia Fordham
on Aug. 10 in Portsmouth.
Am. psychic
Miss Cleo (Youree Dell Harris)
on Aug. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif.
Israeli journalist (Jewish)
David Horovitz
on Aug. 12 in London, England; emigrates to Israel in 1983.
French Socialist PM (2014-16) (Jewish)
Manuel Carlos Valls Galfetti
on Aug. 13 in Barcelona, Spain; Spanish father, Swiss mother.
Am. chef Thomas Patrick "Tom" Colicchio
on Aug. 15 in Elizabeth, N.J.; husband (2001-) of Lori Silverbush.
Mexican pres. (2006-)
Felipe de Jesus Calderon Hinojosa
on Aug. 18 in Morelia, Michoacan.
Japanese serial murderer ("the Human Dracula") ("the Otaku Murderer") ("the Little Girl Murderer")
Tsutomu Miyazaki
(d. 2008) on Aug. 21 in Itsukaichi, Tokyo.
Am. grunge musician
Gary Lee (Lee Gary) Connor
(Screaming Trees) on Aug. 22 in Ft. Irwin, Calif.; brother of Van Conner (1967-).
Am. rock musician
Gilby Clarke (Candy, Kill For Thrills) on
Aug. 17 in Cleveland, Ohio.
Am. "Spike in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actor
James Wesley Marsters
on Aug. 20 in Greenville, Calif.
Am. hall-of-fame bowler
Peter David "Pete" Weber (PDW)
on Aug. 21 in St. Ann, Mo.; son of Don Weber (1929-2005).
Irish rock musician
Vivian Patrick Campbell (Def Leppard, Whitesnake) on Aug. 25 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Bangladeshi feminist writer (Muslim) Taslima Nasrin (Nasreen)
on Aug. 25 in Mymensingh, East Pakistan.
Swiss-Egyptian Islamic scholar (Sunni Muslim) Tariq Ramadan
on Aug. 26 in Geneva; son of Said Ramadan (-1995); grandson of Muslim Brotherhood founder Hassan al-Banna (1906-49); educated at the U. of Geneva.
Am. "Risky Business" actress
Rebecca De Mornay (Rebecca J. Pearch)
on Aug. 29 in Santa Rosa, Calif.; grows up in France; attends college in Britain.
Am. bowler (alcoholic) Peter David "Pete" Weber
(AKA PDW) on Aug. 21 in St. Ann, Mo.; son of Dick Weber (1929-2005).
Russian defector Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko
(d. 2006) on Aug. 3 (Dec. 4?) in Voronezh.
Canadian "The Claus Effect" sci-fi novelist Karl Schroeder
on Sept. 4 in Brandon, Man.
Japanese stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka
on Sept. 4 in Osaka; educated at Kobe U., and Osaka City U.; 2012 Nobel Med. Prize.
Am. N.J. Repub. gov. #55 (2010-) Crispy Creme, er, Christopher James "Chris" Christie
on Sept. 6 in Newark, N.J.; educated at the U. of Del. and Seton Hall U.
Am. "Lucky", "The Lovely Bones", "The Almost Moon" novelist Alice Sebold
on Sept. 6 in Madison, Wisc.
Am. ABC-TV journalist Elizabeth Vargas
on Sept. 6 in Paterson, N.J.; first Latina to anchor a major network news show; father is a U.S. Army officer of Puerto Rican descent.
Am. "Buddy Lawrence in Family", "Barbara Westin in Empty Nest" actress
Christina Ann "Kristy" McNichol
on Sept. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif.
Canadian "Shark Tank" entrepreneur Robert Herjavec
on Sept. 14 in Varazdin, Yugoslavia (Croatia); grows up in Zbjeg; emigrates to Canada in 1970; educated at the U. of Toronto.
Am. "Personal Velocity: Three Portraits","Proof" actress-dir.-writer (Jewish)
Rebecca Miller
on Sept. 15 in Roxbury, Conn.; daughter of Arthur Miller (1915-2005) and Inge Morath (1923-2002); wife (1996-) of Daniel Day-Lewis (1957-).
Am. "Spy", "Ghostbusters", "Freaks and Geeks" actor-dir.-producer-writer (Christian Scientist)
Paul Samuel Feig
on Sept 17 in Mount Clements, Mich.; educated at Wayne State U., and USC.
Australian "Romeo + Juliet", "Moulin Rouge!", "Australia" dir.-writer-producer
Mark Anthony "Baz" Luhrmann
on Sept. 17 in Sydney, N.S.W.; raised in Herons Creek.
Am. "Officer Harry Truman Loki in 21 Jump Street" actor-dir.-writer
Dustin Nguyen (Nguyen Xuan Tri)
on Sept. 17 in Saigon, Vietnam; emigrates to the U.S. in 1975.
Egyptian PM (2012-) (Muslim)
Hesham Mohamed Qandil (Hisham Mohamed Kandil)
on Sept. 17 in Beni Suef, UAR; educated at Cairo U, Utah State U., and N.C. State U.
English singer
Joanne Catherall
(Human League) on Sept. 18 in Sheffield.
German celeb Count
Gottfried von Bismarck
(d. 2007) on Sept. 19 in Uccle, Belgium; great-great-grandson of Otto von Bismarck; educated at Oxford U.
Am. "Dr. Joel Fleischman in Northern Exposure" actor-dir. (Jewish)
Robert Alan "Rob" Morrow
on Sept. 21 in New Rochelle, N.Y.
Am. football coach (Baltimore Ravens, 2008-)
John Harbaugh
on Sept. 23 in Toledo, Ohio; brother of Jim Harbaugh (1963-); first brothers to serve as NFL head coaches.
Canadian-Am. "Fotoula Toula Portokalos-Miller in My Big Fat Greek Wedding" actress-writer Antonia Eugenia "Nia" Vardalos
on Sept. 24 in Winnipeg, Man.
Belarusian activist Ales Viktaravich Bialiatski
on Sept. 25 in Vyartsilya (modern-day Karelia, Russia); educated at Homiel State U.; ; 2022 Nobel Peace Prize.
Am. "Mary Ingalls in Little House on the Prairie" actress and SAG pres. #23 (2001-5) Melissa Sue Anderson
on Sept. 26 in Berkeley, Calif.; wife (1990-) of Michael Sloan (1946-).
English "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time" novelist-poet (atheist) (vegetarian)
Mark Haddon
on Sept. 26 in Northampton; educated at Merton College, Oxford U.
Am. rock musician Al Pitrelli
(Megadeth) on Sept. 26 in New York City.
English rock singer Tracey Anne Thorn
on Sept. 26 (Everything But the Girl) in Brookmans Park, Hatfield, Hertfordshire; wife of Ben Watt (1962-).
Am. "House Hunters" TV host Suzanne Whang
(d. 2019) on Sept. 28 in Arlington, Va.; South Korean immigrant parents; educated at Yale U., and Brown U.
Am. "Good Morning America" ABC-TV journalist Claire Shipman
on Oct. 4 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Columbia U. ; wife (1998-) of Jay Carney (1965-).
Am. auto racer Michael Mario Andretti
on Oct. 5 in Bethlehem, Penn.; son of Mario Andretti (1940-); father of Marco Michael Andretti (1987-).
Am. "Saul Goodman in Breaking Bad" actor-dir.-producer Robert John "Bob" Odenkirk
on Oct. 22 in Berwyn, Ill.; grows up in Napierville, Ill.; German-Irish descent parents; educated at Marquette U., and Southern Ill. U.
Am. rock drummer Tommy Lee (Thomas Lee Bass)
(Motley Crue) on Oct. 3 in Athens, Greece; Welsh descent father, Greek mother; brother of Athena Kottak (1964-); husband (1986-93) of Heather Locklear and (1995-8) Pam Anderson.
Tuvalu PM #14 (2024-) Feleti Penitala Teo
on Oct. 9.
Am. "Working Girl", "Grosse Point Blank" actress Joan Mary Cusack
on Oct. 11 in New York City; sister of Ann Cusack (1961-) and John Cusack (1966-).
Irish "The Gathering" novelist Anne Enright
on Oct. 11 in Dublin.
Am. "Tony Almeida in 24" actor Carlos Bernard (Papierski)
on Oct. 12 in Evanston, Ill.
Am gospel singer (black) Claude V. McKnight III
(Take 6) on Oct. 12; brother of Brian McKnight (1969-).
Am. "Jerry Maguire" actress (Scientologist)
Kelly Kamalelehua Palzis Preston (Preston-Travolta)
on Oct. 13 in Honolulu, Hawaii; wife (1991-) of John Travolta (1954-); accidentally shot in the arm in 1990 by boyfriend Charlie Sheen.
Am. 6'2" football hall-of-fame wide receiver (black) (San Francisco 49ers #80, 1985-2000)
Jerry Lee Rice
on Oct. 13 in Starkville, Miss.; educated at Miss. Valley State U.
Welsh "Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen" film dir.-actor (Jewish)
Sara Sugarman
on Oct. 13 in Rhyl, Denbighshire.
Am. country singer John Wiggins
on Oct. 13 in Nashville, Tenn.; brother of Audrey Wiggins (1967-).
Am. punk rock musician Anthony Joseph "Joe" Genaro
(AKA Joe Jack Talcum) (Dead Milkmen) on Oct. 15 in Wagontown, Penn.
Sudanese 7'7" basketball center (black) (Washington Bullets, 1985-96)
Manute ("special blessing") Bol
(d. 2010) on Oct. 16 in Turalei (Gogrial?); member of Dinka tribe; father of Madut Bol (1989-) and Bol Bol (1999-).
Russian baritone
Dmitri Hvorostovsky
on Oct. 16 in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia.
Am."Analyze This" playwright-dir.
Kenneth Lonergan
on Oct. 16 in Bronx, N.Y.; educated at NYU.
Australian rock bassist
Flea (Michael Peter Balzary)
(Red Hot Chili Peppers) on Oct. 16 in Burnwood, Melbourne.
Russian baritone
Dmitri Aleksandrovich Hvorostovsky
on Oct. 16 in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia.
Am. "Beavis and Butt-Head", "King of the Hill" animator Mike Craig Judge
on Oct. 17 in Guyaquil, Ecuador; son of anthropologist James W. Judge;
grows up in Albuquerque, N.M.
Am. "Rumble Fish" actor Vincent Spano
on Oct. 18 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Italian-Am. parents.
Am. world heavyweight boxing champ (1990-2, 1993-4, 1996-) (black)
Evander "the Real Deal" Holyfield
on Oct. 19 in Atmore, Ala.
Am. 5'10" football QB Douglas Richard "Doug" Flutie
on Oct. 23 in Manchester, Md.; educated at Boston College.
Am. "Dr. George Huang in Law & Order: SVU" actor-novelist Bradley Darryl Wong
on Oct. 24 in San Francisco, Calif.
Am. rock drummer Chad Smith
(Red Hot Chili Peppers) on Oct. 25 in St. Paul, Minn.
English "Westley in The Princess Bride" actor Ivan Simon Cary Elwes
on Oct. 26 in London.
Am. "Jo Reynolds in Melrose Place" actress Daphne Eurydice Zuniga
on Oct. 28 in Berkeley, Calif.; Guatemalan father, Unitarian minister mother.
Norwegian pop singer-musician Magne "Mags" Furuholmen
(a-ha) on Nov. 1 in Manglerud, Oslo.
Am. rocker Anthony Kiedis
(Red Hot Chili Peppers) on Nov. 1 in Grand Rapids, Mich.
Am. Media Matters for America journalist (gay) David Brock
on Nov. 2 in Washington, D.C.; educated at UCB.
Am. "The 5th Wave" novelist Richard "Rick" Yancey
on Nov. 4 in Miami, Fla.; educated at Fla. State U., and Roosevelt U.
Am. "A Few Good Men", "G.I. Jane" Brat Pack actress
Demetria Gene "Demi" Moore (Guynes) (Harmon)
on Nov. 11 in Roswell, N.M.; wife (1980-5) of Freddy Moore (1980-5), (1987-2000) Bruce Willis (1955-), and (2005-13) Ashton Kutcher (1978-);
mother of Rumer Willis (1988-), Scout LaRue Willis (1991-), and Tallulah Belle Willis (1994-).
Am. "The Beauty Myth" feminist writer (Jewish) Naomi R. Wolf
on Nov. 12 in San Francisco, Calif.; educated at Yale U., and New College, Oxford U.
Italian Dolce & Gabbana fashion designer (gay) Stefano Gabbana
on Nov. 14 in Venice; partner of Domenico Dolce (1958-).
Am. "Maya Gallo in Just Shoot Me", "Kit De Luca in Pretty Woman" actress Laura San Giacomo
on Nov. 14 in West Orange, N.J.
Am. comedian Craig Shoemaker
on Nov. 15 in Philadelphia, Penn.; husband (1992-3) of Nancy Allen (1950-).
English rock bassist Gary "Mani" Mounfield
(Stone Roses, Primal Scream) on Nov. 16 in Crumpsall, Manchester.
Am. rock guitarist-songwriter (black) Kirk Lee Hammett
(Metallica) on Nov. 18 in San Francisco, Calif.; Irish father, Filipina mother.
Am. baseball pitcher (lefty) Jamie Moyer
on Nov. 18 in Sellersville, Penn.
Am. musician Mark Coyne
(The Flaming Lips) on Nov. 19 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; brother of Wayne Coyne (1961-).
Am. "Iris in Taxi Driver", "Clarice Starling in The Silence of the Lambs", "Eleanor Ellie Arroway in Contact" actress-dir.-producer (atheist) (lesbian)
Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster
on Nov. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif.; sister of Lucinda "Cindy" Foster (1954-), Constance "Connie" Foster (1955-),
and Lucius Fisher "Buddy" Foster IV (1957-); reads own scripts by age 5; educated at Yale U.; wife (2014-) of Alexandra Hedison;
"There is no direct evidence, so how could you ask me to believe in God when there's absolutely no evidence that I can see?"
Am. bowler (black) George Branham III
on Nov. 21 in Detroit, Mich.
Am. "His Eyes" contemporary Christian singer Steven Curtis Chapman
on Nov. 21 in Paducah, Ky.
South Korean soprano Jo Sumi (Sumi Jo)
on Nov. 21 in Seoul.
Venezuelan Socialist pres. #46 (2013-9) Nicolas (Nicolás) Maduro Moros
on Nov. 23 in Caracas; starts out as a bus driver.
English rock musician John Thomas Squire
(Stone Roses) on Nov. 24 in Broadheath, Altrincham.
English rock bassist Gary Stonadge
(Big Audio Dynamite II) on Nov. 24.
Am. heavy metal drummer Charlie Benante
(Anthrax, Stormtroopers of Death) on Nov. 27 in Bronx, N.Y.
Am. rock drummer Mike Bordin
(Faith No More) on Nov. 27 in San Francisco, Calif.
Am. rock drummer Charlie Benante
(Anthrax) on Nov. 27 in Bronx, N.Y.
Am. rock drummer Matthew David "Matt" Cameron
(Pearl Jam, Soundgarden) on Nov. 28 in San Diego, Calif.
Am. comedian (Jewish) Jon Stewart (Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz)
on Nov. 28 in New York City; educated at the College of William and Mary.
Am. "St. Elmo's Fire", "Pretty in Pink" Brat Pack actor Andrew T. McCarthy on
Nov. 29 in New York City.
Am. 6'1" "multi-athlete (black) (Kansas City Royals, 1986-90) (Los Angeles Raiders #34, 1987-90)
Vincent Edward "Bo" Jackson
on Nov. 30 in Bessemer, Ala.; educated at Auburn U.
Canadian rock musician Nivek Ogre (Kevin Graham Ogilvie)
(Skinny Puppy) on Dec. 5 in Calgary, Alberta.
Am. "Maggie O'Connell in Northern Exposure" actress
Janine Turner (Janine Loraine Gauntt)
on Dec. 6 in Lincoln, Neb.
English "Missing" rock musician-producer
Benjamin Brian "Ben" Watt
(Everything But The Girl) on Dec. 6 in Barnes, London; husband of Tracey Thorn (1962-).
Am. boxer (Blackfoot)
Joe "the Boss" Hipp
on Dec. 7 in Browning, Mont.
Am. rock guitarist
Martin Adam "Marty" Friedman
(Megadeth) on Dec. 8 in Laurel, Md.
Am. "Lynette Scavo in Desperate Housewives" actress Felicity Kendall Huffman
on Dec. 9 in Bedford, N.Y.; educated at NYU.
Am. "The Grass Harp" actor-dir. (Jewish) Charles "Charlie" Matthau
on Dec. 10 in New York City; son of Walter Matthau (1920-2000) and Carol Matthau (1925-2003).
Am. Olympic swimmer Kim Linehan
on Dec. 11 in Bronxville, N.Y.
Am. tennis fall-of-fame player Tracy Ann Austin
on Dec. 12 in Rolling Hills (Palos Verdes), Calif.
Am. 6'2" football defensive lineman (black) (Chicago Bears #72, 1985-93)
William Anthony "the Refrigerator" "the Fridge" Perry
on Dec. 16 in Aiken, S.C.; educated at Clemson U.
Canadian "We are the World" comedian-singer Andre-Philippe (André-Philippe) Gagnon
on Dec. 17 in Loretteville, Quebec; impersonates singing voices of celebs.
Am. security guard Richard Allensworth Jewell (nee Richard White)
(d. 2007) on Dec. 17 in Danville, Va.
Am. "Runaway Jury", "Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead" dir. Gary Fleder
on Dec. 19 in Norfolk, Va.
English "Amon Goeth in Schindler's List", "Count Laszlo de Almasy in The English Patient", "Lord Voldemort in Harry Potter" actor
Ralph Nathaniel Fiennes (Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes) (pr. "RAFE FINE")
on Dec. 22 in Ipswich, Suffolk; brother of Martha Fiennes, Magnus Fiennes, Sophie Fiennes, Joseph Fiennes, and Jacob Fiennes; 8th cousin of Prince Charles.
German physicist Stefan Walter Hell
on Dec. 23 in Ard, Romania; Banat Swabian parents; emigrates to West Germany in 1978; educated at Heidelberg U.; 2014 Nobel Chem. Prize.
Am. fashion designer Kate Spade (Valentine) (Katherine Noel Brosnahan)
(d. 2018) on Dec. 24 in Kansas City, Mo.; educated at Arizona State U.
Am. rock drummer James Kottak
(Scorpions) on Dec. 26 in Louisville, Ky.
Am. country musician Jeff Bryant
on Dec. 27; not to be confused with football player Jeff Bryant (1960-).
Am. basketball coach (U. of Kansas Jayhawks) (2003-) Bill Self
on Dec. 27 in Okmulgee, Okla.
Am. "Charon in John Wick", "Johnny Basil in Oz", "Cedric Daniels in The Wire" actor (black) Lance Reddick
on Dec. 31 in Baltimore, Md. ; educated at the U. of Rochester, and Yale U.
English science writer Philip Ball
on ? in ?; educated at Oxford U., and Bristol U.
Am. painter John Currin
on ? in Boulder, Colo.; grows up in Conn.; educated at Carnegie Mellon U., and Yale U.: "Culture is for old people. When you're young you have your body, and that's all you need."
U.S. Rear Adm. Philip Gardner Howe III
on ? in ?.
Australian political commentator Chris Kenny
on ? in ?.
Israeli "Lebanon" dir. (Jewish) Samuel Maoz
on ? in Tel Aviv.
Am. Save the Children CEO Carolyn Miles
on ? in Canton, Conn.; educated at Bucknell U.
Palestinian Christian "Faith in the Face of Empire" theologian Mitri Raheb
on ? in Bethlehem; educated at Philipps U.
German artist Daniel Richter
on ? in Lutjenburg.
Am. Jihad Watch writer (Roman Catholic) Robert Bruce Spencer
on ? in S.C.; educated at the U. of N.C.
Am. "The Beauty Myth", "Vagina: A New Biography" feminist writer Naomi Rebekah Wolf
on ? in San Francisco, Calif.; educated at Yale U., and New College, Oxford U.
Am. "I Am My Own Wife" playwright Doug Wright
on ? in Dallas, Tex.; educated at Yale U.
Deaths:
Austrian-born Am. explorer Joseph Rock (b. 1862) in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Belgian mathematician Charles Baron de la Vallee Poussin (b. 1866) on Mar. 2.
Am. astronomer Andrew Ellicott Douglass (b. 1867) on Mar. 20 in Tucson, Ariz.
Am. psychologist Robert Sessions Woodworth (b. 1869) on July 4 in New York City.
French historian Daniel Halevy (b. 1872) on Feb. 4 in Paris.
French PM (1933, 1936) Albert Sarraut (b. 1872) on Nov. 26.
Am. physicist William Weber Coblentz (b. 1873) on Sept. 15.
Am. historian Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (b. 1873) on Dec. 30 in Baltimore, Md.
U.S. Sen. (R-Ariz.) (1912-41) Henry F. Ashurst (b. 1874) on May 31.
Am. singer Clara Clemens (b. 1874) on Nov. 19 in San Diego, Calif.; daughter of Mark Twain.
Am. New Thought leader Christian Daa Larson (b. 1874).
British gen. George Grogan (b. 1875) on Jan. 3 in Sunningdale, Berkshire.
Am. financier Edward Francis Hutton (b. 1875) on July 11 in Westbury, Long Island, N.Y.
Austrian-born Am. violinist Fritz Kreisler (b. 1875) on Jan. 29.
Am. cartoonist Ding Darling (b. 1876).
Am. Calif. gov. #29 (1939-43) Culbert Olson (b. 1876) on Apr. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif.
Am. inventor Edwin Rutenber (b. 1876) in Sept. in Greenville, Mich.
English historian George Macaulay Trevelyan (b. 1876) on July 21 in Cambridge:
"A little man often casts a long shadow";
"It is not man's evolution but his attainment that is the greatest lesson of the past and the highest theme of history";
"Every true history must force us to remember that the past was once as real as the present and as uncertain as the future";
"Let the science and research of the historian find the fact and let his imagination and art make clear its significance.";
"Since history has no properly scientific value, its only purpose is educative. And if historians neglect to educate the public, if they fail to interest it
intelligently in the past, then all their historical learning is valueless except in so far as it educates themselves."
German orchestra conductor (in the U.S.) Bruno Walter (b. 1876) on Feb. 17 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack).
U.S. U.N. ambassador #2 (1947-53) Warren Austin (b. 1877) on Dec. 25 in Burlington, Vt.
Am. biologist Charles William Beebe (b. 1877).
French pianist Alfred Cortot (b. 1877).
English journalist Sir Philip Gibbs (b. 1877) on Mar. 10 in Godalming.
Swiss-German "Steppenwolf" novelist-poet Hermann Hesse (b. 1877) on Aug. 9 in Montagnola, Ticino, Switzerland; 1946 Nobel Lit. Prize:
"If you hate a person, you hate something in him that is part of yourself. What isn't part of ourselves doesn't disturb us."
German Egyptologist Hermann Junker (b. 1877) on Jan. 9 in Vienna.
Am. "The Joy of Cooking" writer Irma S. Rombauer (b. 1877) on Oct. 14 in St. Louis, Mo.
English poet Wilfrid Wilson Gibson (b. 1878) on May 26.
German chief of the Reich Chancellery Hans Heinrich Lammers (b. 1879) on Jan. 4.
Am. art patron Mabel Dodge Luhan (b. 1879) on Aug. 13 in Taos, N.M.
Canadian "Norma Shearer's mother in The Women" actress Lucile Watson (b. 1879) on June 24 in New York City (heart attack).
Am. "Auntie Em in Wizard of Oz" actress Clara Blandick (b. 1880) on Apr. 15 in Hollywood, Calif.
German Hitler-pinning lt. Hugo Gutmann (b. 1880) on June 22 in St. Louis, Mo.
British WWI Gen. James Lochhead Jack (b. 1880).
British economic historian R.H. Tawney (b. 1880) on Jan. 16.
Netherlands queen (1890-1948) Wilhelmina (b. 1880) on Nov. 28.
Am. "Dracula" film dir. Tod Browning (b. 1882) on Oct. 6 in Malibu, Calif.
English comedian Barry Lupino (b. 1882) on Sept. 26 in Brighton.
Serbian PM #18 (1941-2) Dusan Simovic (b. 1882) on Aug. 26 in Belgrade.
English jurist-politician William Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett (b. 1883) on Feb. 10 in London.
Yugoslavian sculptor Ivan Mestrovich (b. 1883) in South Bend, Ind.
Spanish Socialist leader Indalecio Prieto (b. 1883) on Feb. 11 in Mexico City, Mexico (exile).
French philosopher (of Science) Gaston Bachelard (b. 1884) on Oct. 16 in Paris.
Swiss physicist-explorer Auguste Piccard (b. 1884) on Mar. 24 in Lausanne.
U.S. First Lady (1933-45) Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (b. 1884) on Nov. 7 in New York City: "Life has got to be lived - that's all there is to it";
"Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people."
Danish quantum physicist Niels Bohr (b. 1885) on Nov. 18 in Copenhagen: "An expert is a person who has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field";
"Everything we call real is made of things that cannot be regarded as real. If quantum mechanics hasn't profoundly shocked you, you haven't understood it yet."
Danish "Out of Africa" writer Isak Dinesen (b. 1885) on Sept. 7 in Rungsted, Zealand.
German chancellor (1925-6) Hans Luther (b. 1885) on May 11 in Dusseldorf.
Am. Unitarian minister Charles Francis Potter (b. 1885) on Oct. 4:
"Humanism is not the abolition of religion but the beginning of real religion. It will release tremendous reserves of hitherto thwarted power. Man has waited too long for God to do what man ought to do
himself and is fully capable of doing."
French novelist Pierre Benoit (b. 1886) on Mar. 3 in Ciboure.
Am. "Casablanca" film dir. Michael Curtiz'(b. 1886) on Apr. 10.
Czech writer Jaroslav Durych (b. 1886) on Apr. 7 in Prague.
Am. celeb defense atty. Jerry Giesler (b. 1886) on Jan. 1.
Russian-born French artist Antoine Pevsner (b. 1886) on Apr. 12 in Paris:
"Art must be inspiration controlled by mathematics. I have a need for peace, symphony, orchestration."
British politician Hugh Dalton, Baron Dalton (b. 1887) on Feb. 13.
Am. poet Robinson Jeffers (b. 1887) on Jan. 20 in Carmel, Calif.:
"Long live freedom and damn the ideologies";
"I'd sooner, except the penalties, kill a man than a hawk";
"There is no reason for amazement: surely one always knew that cultures decay, and life's end is death";
"Corruption never has been compulsory; when the cities lie at the monster's feet there are left the mountains."
Norwegian dramatist Helge Krog (b. 1889) on July 30 in Oslo.
Russian-born Am. "wise old man in The Magnificent Seven" actor Vladimir Sokoloff (b. 1889) on Feb. 15 in West Hollywood, Calif.
British official Sir Wilfred Griffin Eady (b. 1890) in Rodmell, Sussex.
English geneticist-statistician Sir Ronald Fisher (b. 1890) on July 29 in Adelaide, South Australia.
French composer Jacques Ibert (b. 1890) on Feb. 5.
Am. Hollywood Reporter founder William Wilkerson (b. 1890) on Sept. 2 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack).
Am. comedian Chic Johnson (b. 1891) on Feb. 28 in Las Vegas, Nev. (kidney failure).
Egyptian writer Ismail Mazhar (b. 1891).
Chinese diplomat-philosopher Hu Shih (b. 1891) on Feb. 24 in Nankang, Taipei (heart attack).
English poet-novelist Richard Aldington (b. 1892) on July 27 in Surey-en-Vaus, France; celebrated his birthday 20 days earlier in the Soviet Union.
Am. "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows" songwriter Harry Carroll (b. 1892) on Dec. 26 in Mt. Carmel, Penn.
Am. physicist Arthur Holly Compton (b. 1892) on Mar. 15 in Berkeley, Calif.; 1927 Nobel Physics Prize.
U.S. Gen. Manton Sprague Eddy (b. 1892) on Apr. 10 in Ft. Benning, Ga.
Am. cowboy actor Hoot Gibson (b. 1892) on Aug. 23 in Los Angeles, Calif.
French-born Am. mechanical engineer (inventor of catalytic cracking) Eugene Jules Houdry (b. 1892) on July 18 in Upper Darby, Penn.
Am. "Scarlett's dad Gerald O'Hara in Gone With the Wind" actor Thomas Mitchell (b. 1892) on Dec. 17.
English poet Vita Sackville-West (b. 1892) on June 2.
Am. auto exec Harlow Herbert Curtice (b. 1893) on Nov. 3 in Flint, Mich.
French-born Am. jazz pianist Jean Goldkette (b. 1893) on Mar. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif.
Am. auto racer Tommy Milton (b. 1893) on July 10 in Mount Clemens, Mich. (suicide).
Italian-born Am. film dir. Frank Borzage (b. 1894) on June 19 in Hollywood, Calif. (cancer).
Am. uppercaseophobic poet E.E. Cummings (e.e. cummings) (b. 1894) on Sept. 3 in North Conway, N.H.
Am. sociologist E. Franklin Frazier (b. 1894) on May 17 in Washington, D.C.
Norwegian novelist Trygve Gulbranssen (b. 1894) on Oct. 10.
Czech writer-journalist Josef Kopta (b. 1894) on Apr. 3 in Prague.
Am. "Ben Weaver in The Andy Griffith Show" actor Will Wright (b. 1894) on June 19 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer).
Am. "Buck Rogers" cartoonist Dick Calkins (b. 1895) on May 12 in Tucson, Ariz.
Am. organist Jesse Crawford (b. 1895) on May 28 in Los Angeles, Calif.
Am. silent film actress Louise Fazenda (b. 1895) on Apr. 17 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (cerebral hemorrhage).
Norwegian soprano Kirsten Flagstad (b. 1895) on Dec. 7 in Oslo (bone marrow cancer).
Am. aviation pioneer James H. Kindelberger (b. 1895) on July 27.
Am. ambassador Edward B. Lawson (b. 1895) on Nov. 19 (heart failure).
Soviet Gen. Aleksei Antonov (b. 1896) on June 16.
Am. "The Sound and the Fury" novelist William Faulkner (b. 1897) on July 6 in Byhalia, Miss. (heart attack):
"The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man; it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail."
Sicilian mob boss Charles "Lucky" Luciano (b. 1897) on Jan. 26 in Naples, Italy (heart attack); his funeral is attended by fellow exiled mobster
Joe Adonis (1902-71), who brings a funeral wreath with the inscription "So Long, Pal".
Am. architect Louis Skidmore (b. 1897): designed the AEC town site in Oak Ridge, Tenn. and the Terrace Plaza Hotel in Cincinnati.
Austrian-born Am. "Madeline" children's writer Ludwig Bemelmans (b. 1898) on Oct. 1.
German-Australian composer Hanns Eisler (b. 1898) on Sept. 6 in East Berlin.
Belgian surrealist playwright Michel de Ghelderode (b. 1898) on Apr. 1; wrote 60+ plays and 20K letters.
Am. cartoonist Edmund Duffy (b. 1899) on Sept. 12 in Manhattan, N.Y.
English "Hunchback of Notre Dame" actor Charles Laughton (b. 1899) on Dec. 15 in Hollywood, Calif.:
"I have a face like the behind of an elephant."
Am. "Judge Kenneth Norris in Judgment at Nuremberg" actor-dir. Kenneth MacKenna (b. 1899) on Jan. 15 in Hollywood, Calif.
Am. costume designer Dolly Tree (b. 1899) on May 17 in Long Island, N.Y.
Am. sportscaster Ted Husing (b. 1901) on Aug. 10 in Pasadena, Calif. (brain tumor).
Am. mobster Joseph Rao (b. 1901) on May 10 (stroke).
Am. baseball player Mickey Cochrane (b. 1903) on June 28 in Lake Forest, Ill. (cancer).
English "Rope" writer Patrick Hamilton (b. 1904) on Sept. 23 in Sheringham, Norfolk.
English architect F.R.S. Yorke (b. 1906) on June 10.
Am. "Mr. Wilson in Dennis the Menace" actor Joseph Kearns (b. 1907) on Feb. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cerebral hemorrhage).
South African Zulu musician Solomon Linda (b. 1909) on Oct. 8.
Canadian actor Jack Carson (b. 1910) on Jan. 2 in Encino, Calif. (stomach cancer).
Am. abstract expressionist (action) painter (B&W) Franz Kline (b. 1910) on May 13.
Am. abstract painter Morris Louis (b. 1912) on Sept. 7 in Washington, D.C. (lung cancer).
Am. "Tripoli" dir. Will Price (b. 1913) on July 4 in McComb, Miss.; alcoholic ex-hubby (1941-53) of Maureen O'Hara (1920-), who tells her stand-in
Lucille House (1910-2008), "This is the happiest day of my life"; in 1968 she marries USAF brig. gen.
Charles F. Blair Jr. (1909-78),
known for making the first nonstop solo flight over the polar region in 1951.
Scottish artist Robert Colquhoun (b. 1914).
English physician Michael Dillon (b. 1915) on May 15 in Dalhousie, India; dies after converting to Buddhism under the name Sramanera Jivaka.
Am. sociologist Charles Wright Mills (b. 1916) on Mar. 20 in West Nyack, N.Y.
Am. comedian Ernie Kovacs (b. 1919) on Jan. 13 in West Los Angeles (car crash).
Indian army officer Maj. Shaitan Singh (b. 1924) on Nov. 18 in Rezang La (KIA); posth. awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military decoration.
French skiier Henri Oreiller (b. 1925) on Oct. 7 in Paris (auto accident in the Linas-Montihery Autodrome); in Aug. 2014 his Ferrari 250 GTO is auctioned for a world record 22.85M Euros ($38.1M).
Am. "Uh-huh in Our Gang" child actor John K. Collum (b. 1926) on Aug. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack).
Am. sexiest woman of the cent. actress Marilyn Monroe (b. 1926) on Aug. 5 (Sun.) in Brentwood, Calif. (suicide?):
"Sex is part of nature, and I go along with nature";
"Women who seek to be equal to men lack ambition";
"A professional amateur" (Laurence Olivier);
"Directing her was like directing Lassie" (Otto Preminger);
"Anyone can remember lines, but it takes a real artist to come on the set and not know her lines and give the performance she did" (Billy Wilder);
"Yes, there was something special about me, and I knew what it was. I was the kind of girl they found dead in a hall bedroom with an empty bottle of sleeping pills in her hand" (Marilyn) - the
good die young?
Am. novelist Edward Lewis Wallant (b. 1926) (brain aneurysm).
French artist Yves Klein (b. 1928) on June 6 in Paris (heart attack).
>
1963 Doomsday Clock: 7 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Rabbit (Jan. 25). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68). The avg. U.S. farm worker produces enough food and fiber for 31 people (vs. 50 in 1973). The avg. U.S. salary passes $100 a week. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Wisc. by 42-37 to win the 1963 Rose Bowl; the first #1 vs. #2 matchup in the Rose Bowl (2nd in 1969). On Jan. 1 the 1963 Orange Bowl sees the 9-1 Ala. Crimson Tide defeat the 8-2 Okla. Sooners by 17-0; JFK and Jackie are in attendance. On Jan. 2 the Battle of Ap Bac in Vietnam sees the Viet Cong kick the ARVN's butt and down five U.S. helis in the Mekong Delta, killing 30, drawing the U.S. further into the war; U.S. Lt. Col. John Paul Vann (1924-72), advisor to ARVN Col. Huynh Van Cao in the C highlands, who directed the battle from a plane attempts to blow the whistle on the ineptness of the military, blaming U.S. Gen. Paul D. Harkins, getting him booted out of the Army within a few mo., then returns in Mar. 1965 as an official for the Agency for Internat. Development (AID) and an adviser to Operation Phoenix, staying on until he dies in a heli crash, and being awarded a Medal of Freedom by Pres. Nixon, and becomes the first civilian in Vietnam to be awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, becoming the subject of the 1988 book "A Bright Shining Lie" by Neil Sheehan. On Jan. 3 the 1963 Senegal Constitution is proclaimed, eliminating the office of PM Mamadou Dia, who was ousted last year, after which opposition parties are banned. On Jan. 3 white-passing La.-born Dem. Augustus Freeman "Gus" Hawkins (1907-2007) becomes the first African-Am. Calif. U.S. Rep. (until Jan. 3, 1975). On Jan. 3 the Am. Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) is founded in Washington, D.C. to lobby the U.S. govt. to support the Jewish state of Israel, becoming the most powerful lobby (for Israel, or overall?), reaching 100K members by 2016. On Jan. 6 (Sun.) the half-hour wildlife-nature series Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom debuts on NBC-TV (until May 22, 2011 after going into syndication in 1971 and switching to Animal Planet in 2002), starring zoologist Richard Marlin Perkins (1905-86). On Jan. 7 (Mon.) the Western series The Dakotas debuts on ABC-TV for 20 episodes (until Sept. 9) as a spinoff of "Cheyenne", set in 1889 Dakota Territory, starring Larry Ward (1924-85) as U.S. Marshall Frank Ragan, wall-eyed William Scott "Jack" Elam (1920-2003) as deputy J.D. Smith, Mike Harris Greene 91933-) as deputy Vance Porter, and Chad Everett (Raymond Lee Cramton) (1937-2012) as deputy Del Sark; too bad, in episode 19 there is a shootout in a church where a priest (Charles Irving) is injured, pissing-off viewers and causing it to be canceled. On Jan. 8 Pres. Kennedy attends the unveiling of Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa", on loan at the U.S. Nat. Gallery of Art, which is unveiled again on Feb. 7 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. On Jan. 8 the Hawkshsaw, er Shah (since Sept. 16, 1944) Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi II (1919-80) of Iran launches the White Rev. (ends 1978), submitting six measures to a nat. referendum, incl. land reform to abolish feudalism, profit-sharing for industrial workers, nationalization of forests and pastureland, and a literacy corps, receiving a 99% yes vote; on Feb. 27 Iran grants the vote to women; this is too much for the true blue Islamic throwbacks, and on June 5 (15 Khordad) Shiite religious leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902-89) of Qom is arrested after an anti-shah speech on June 3, triggering three days of violent riots and a state of siege proclaimed by the govt., killing 400, later known as the Movement (Uprising) of 15 Khordad; Khomeini is kept under house arrest for 8 mo., released, then rearrested in Nov. 1964 after he gives another anti-shah speech on Oct. 26, 1964 for granting diplomatic immunity to U.S. military personnel in Iran, then held another 6 mo., and brought before PM Hassan Ali Mansur (1923-65), who tries to reason with him and ends up slapping his face, causing Khomeini's followers to assassinate him two weeks later on Jan. 27, 1965, after which the shah makes his big mistake, exiling him to Turkey rather than executing him; meanwhile Savak dir. (since 1961) Gen. Hassan Pakravan (1911-79), who held weekly luncheons with Khomeini and saved his life by talking the shah into letting him be made an ayatollah is sacked for failing to prevent the assassination, and Gen. Nematollah Nassiri (1911-79) (who personally delivered the arrest warrant to PM Mohammed Mossadegh in 1953) becomes the new dir. (until 1978); meanwhile anti-West Marxist students sympathetic to former PM Mohammed Mossadeq (deposed in 1953) found Mujahedin e-Kalq (the People's Mujahedin of Iran), which is driven into exile in Paris in 1981, moves to Iraq in 1986, and goes on to fight the Islamic Repub. of Iran until ? - the long and winding road will bring me back to your door? On Jan. 8 Gibson City, Ill.-born Repub. John Arthur Love (1916-2002) bcomes Colo. gov. #36 (until July 16, 1973), resigning to become Pres. Nixon's first Energy Czar (dir. of the Office of Energy Policy), lasting 5 mo. before resigning during the Watergate scandal. On Jan. 13 three days after the country begins printing its own currency to replace the West Afican CFA franc, the 1963 Togolese Military Coup sees Togo's first pres. (since Apr. 27, 1960) Sylvanus Olympio (b. 1902) killed by Lt. Col. Etienne Eyadema (1935-2005, becoming post-colonial Africa's first military coup; a 9-member committee takes control of the govt., led by Emmanuel Bodjolle (Bodjollé), which installs former PM of French Togoland (1956-8) Nicolas Grunitzky (1913-69) (Polish-German father and Togolese mother) as pres. #2 (until Jan. 13, 1967) - I'll have some nickled grunitzky to go? On Jan. 14 Charles de Gaulle declares France's opposition to British entry into the Common Market, and rejects proposals for a multilateral nuclear force within NATO. On Jan. 14 JFK's Third State of the Union Address (his last) proposes a 3-year phased individual and corporate tax cut of $13.5B, lowering rates from 20%-91% to 14%-65%, with the hope of creating 2M new jobs each year, going on to give a lecture, saying that a massive increase in federal spending, a temporary tax cut, or a reduction in individual or corporate taxes alone aren't as good - Barack Obama missed that lecture? On Jan. 14 white supremacist Southern Dixiecrat George Corley Wallace Jr. (1919-98) becomes gov. #45 of Ala. (until Jan. 16, 1967), saying in his inaugural address: "In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod on this Earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny. And I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever!"; meanwhile on Jan. 16 new S.C. Dem. Gov. (1963-5) Donald Stuart Russell (1906-98) holds the first integrated state function in S.C. since Reconstruction, his inaugural barbecue - after all, they love ribs? On Jan. 14 the Flying Scotsman locomotive (built 1923) makes its last scheduled run before being retired after travelling 2M mi. On Jan. 15 Floresville, Tex.-born former U.S. Navy secy. (1961) John Bowden Connally Jr. (1917-93) (close friend of LBJ) becomes Dem. Tex. gov. #39 (until Jan. 21, 1969). On Jan. 16 Nikita Khrushchev brags that the Soviet Union has a 100-megaton (100 MT) nuclear bomb, then on Jan. 17 visits the Berlin Wall. On Jan. 18 as he is on the verge of becoming the next British PM, British Labour Party leader (since Dec. 14, 1955) Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (b. 1906) (known for Gaitskelism, toleration of a mixed economy where not every industry is nationalized) dies suddenly of lupus, and leftist technocrat Harold Wilson is elected to succeed him, going on to champion scientific and technological change, issuing the soundbyte: "The Britain that is going to be forged in the white heat of this revolution will be no place for restrictive practices or for outdated measures on either side of industry." On Jan. 22 Charles de Gaulle of France and Konrad Adenauer of West Germany sign the Elysee (Élysée) (Franco-German Reconciliation or Friendship) Treaty, ending their cent.-long "blood feud", looking to youth to effect the reconciliation; de Gaulle now gets more hepped-up on the U.S.-U.K. "Anglo-Saxon" axis as his real enemy, vetoing the U.K.'s entry into the European Economic Community (EEC) on Jan. 29. On Jan. 23 after becoming an Assemblies of God minister in 1937, then becoming an itinerant evangelist in 1949 after a vision of Jesus, joining the Voice of Healing Revival in the U.S. along with Oral Roberts, Gordon Lindsay, and T.L. Osborn until 1958, McKinney, Tex.-born Kenneth Erwin Hagin (1917-2003) forms the Kenneth E. Hagin Evangelistic Assoc. (later the Kenneth Hagin Ministries) in Garland, Tex., moving in Sept. 1966 to Tulsa, Okla., recording tapes that debut on KSKY-AM in Dallas, Tex. in Nov. 1966, and growing to a multimedia empire that makes fans of Kenneth Copeland et al. On Jan. 26 the Australia Day Shootings in Perth, Western Australia see two killed and three injured by shooter Eric Edgar Cooke (1931-64) AKA "the Night Caller"; he is caught on Sept. 1, and and executed next Oct. 26. On Jan. 28 black student Harvey Bernard Gantt (1943-) enters Clemson U. in S.C., which becomes the last state to hold out against racial integration. On Jan. 30 the U.S. State Dept. criticizes Canada's lack of plans to equip its defense forces with nukes, causing PM John G. Diefenbaker on Jan. 31 to criticize them for unwarranted intrusion, which causes his govt. to be defeated on Feb. 5. Back in the USSR? In Jan. privileged elitist high-ranking British intel agent Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1912-88) (member of the Cambridge Five spy ring) defects to the Soviet Union, receiving the Order of Lenin in 1965, going on to become a lush even in a country of lushes; on July 1 the British govt. admits that Philby was the 3rd man in the Burgess-Maclean spy ring - you don't know how lucky you are, man? In Jan.-Feb. Britain experiences its coldest winter since 1740. On Feb. 2 the Beatles start their first U.K. tour, getting the Beatles Screaming Mob Treatment everywhere. On Feb. 5 Pres. Kennedy sends a Special Message to Congress About the State of Mental Health, introducing legislation delegating the Nat. Inst. of Mental Health (NIMH) to administer community mental health centers for those discharged from state psychiatric hospitals. On Feb. 6 the U.S. announces that all Soviet offensive arms are out of Cuba. On Feb. 7 a bus runs off the road and hits a pole in Northland, New Zealand, killing 15, becoming the worst road accident in Kiwi history (until ?). On Feb. 8 the White House issues an order prohibiting travel to Cuba or have commercial or financial transactions with it. On Feb. 8-9 with CIA backing, the Baath (Ba'ath) Socialist Party in Iraq overthrows Soviet-leaning Gen. Abdul Karim Kassim in Baghdad and seizes power, putting Kassim through a farcical hours-long trial and then immediately machine gunning him to death in an Iraqi TV studio then holding his lifeless face up to the camera for everybody to see, after which thousands of Communists, trade unionists, and leftist sympathizers are executed; a new 1963 Iraqi Flag is approved, with red-white-black horizontal stripes and three green stars in the white strip to symbolize the union of Iraq with Egypt and Syria as the United Arab Repub.; law student Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) (on the CIA's payroll?) returns from exile in Cairo, Egypt, and resumes his studies in Baghdad, while Ahmed (Ahmed) Hassan al-Bakr (1914-82) becomes PM; on Nov. 18 they are overthrown by the army, led by Pres. Abdel (Abdul) Salam (Abd al-Salam) Mohammed Arif Aljumaily (1921-66), who curtails the Ba'th Party but runs the govt. as a family affair, with no constitution or parliament; Saddam Hussein is imprisoned. On Feb. 9 the first test-flight of the Boeing 727 is made. On Feb. 10 five Japanese cities in N Kyushu merge as the city of Kitakyushu (pop. 1M), located halfway between Tokyo and Shanghai. On Feb. 11 the U.S. CIA creates a domestic operations div. - it takes 9 mo. to make a baby? On Feb. 12 Argentinia tries to extradite ex-pres. Juan Peron from Spain, who is readmitted to the Church because he married his sexretary Isabel Peron in 1961 and hence no longer lives in sin. On Feb. 12 Northwest Airlines Flight 705 crashes into the Fla. Everlades, killing all 43 aboard. On Feb. 18 after 100 years of quiescence, Mt. Agung in Bali begins getting active, and on Mar. 17 erupts, killing over 1K. On Feb. 19 the Soviet Union informs Pres. Kennedy that it will withdraw "several thousand" of its 17K troops in Cuba, and on Feb. 20 offers to allow on-site inspection of nuclear tests, then on Feb. 22 warns that a U.S. attack on Cuba would mean war with it, finally saying on Feb. 27 that it will leave 10K troops in Cuba; on Mar. 1 defense secy. Robert S. McNamara says that the U.S. will not tolerate the use of Soviet trops to put down a popular uprising in Cuba; on Mar. 2 CIA dir. John Alexander McCone tells the House Foreign Affairs Committee that at least 1K persons from Latin Am. countries went to Cuba last year to receive training in guerrilla warfare and subversion, and more will get it this year, causing JFK to add on Mar. 7 that the U.S. is urging Latin-Am. govt. to curb the flow; on Mar. 6 Cuba sends a list of complaints about the U.S. to U.N. secy.-gen. U Thant, claiming they are planning an attack that would engulf the world in a thermonuclear war. On Feb. 21 an earthquake destroys the village of Barce, Libya, killing 500. On Feb. 22 Pres. Kennedy issues Executive Order 11085, broadening elibility for the Medal of Freedom established by Pres. Truman in 1945. On Feb. 11 failed 6'2" Pasadena, Calif.-born novelist Julia Carolyn Child (nee McWilliams) (1912-2004) makes her TV debut as The French Chef on Boston's WGBH-TV (until 1973); PBS picks up the show a year later; she goes on to teach viewers how to cook French cuisine at home, with butter preferred to "that other spread" (margarine), along with cream, and each episode featuring an "impeccably clean towel"; her closing line is "Bon appetit". In Feb. U.S. unemployment reaches 6.1%; luckily, it rebounds to 5.6% in Mar., then goes back to 6% in May when teenies begin looking for summer jobs. In Feb. the U.S. military begins biological weapons test near Ft. Serhman Military Reservation in the Canal Zone, spraying Bacillus globigii from aircraft. In Feb. the comic book series Josie and the Pussycats is introduced by Archie Comics (until Oct. 1982), created by Dan DeCarlo, about a fictional rock band; in 1970 Hanna-Barbera Productions debuts it as a Sat. morning cartoon; in 2001 Universal Studios and MGM debut it as a live action film. On Mar. 1 Daniel Fernandez Crespo (1901-64) of the Blanco Party becomes pres. of Uruguay's 9-man nat. council (until 1964); meanwhile the economy tanks, causing massive capital flight, while Crespo sponsors massive social legislation. On Mar. 1 Pres. Kennedy delivers a Civil Rights Message, calling for new measures to protect black voting rights, incl. laws to expedite voting suits in federal courts and to permit them to register while the suits are pending. On Mar. 1-6 160K French mine workers go on strike, defying orders by Charles de Gaulle. On Mar. 2 the Kennedy admin. calls for a dozen nations to help it supply the Congo with $175M in aid next year. On Mar. 3 Pakistan and Communist China sign an agreement defining their disputed 300-mi. frontier between China's Sinkian Province and Kashmir, with China ceding 1,942 sq. km. (750 sq. mi.) of territory to Pakistan, which recognizes Chinese sovereignty over hundreds of sq. km. of land in N Kashmir and Ladakh; India refuses to recognize it; the agreement loosens ties between the U.S. and Pakistan; on Aug. 29 a treaty is signed providing scheduled air service between China and Pakistan, making Pakistan the first Western-oriented nation with such a treaty. On Mar. 4 Canadian PM John G. Diefenbaker calls the U.S. a fickle and unreliable partner where nukes are concerned, and says that he will not have Canada used as a "storage dump for nuclear weapons". On Mar. 5 country music superstar Patsy Cline (b. 1932) is killed in a plane crash near Camden, Tenn., along with Lloyd Estel "Cowboy" Copas (b. 1913) and Harold Franklin "Hawkshaw" Hawkins (b. 1921) after Hawkins gives his commercial airline ticket to Billy Walker and takes the private plane. On Mar. 5 the 10th anniv. of the death of Josef Stalin sees the Soviet press enforce a code of silence; on Mar. 11 Nikita Krushchev warns that his denunciation of Stalin should not be interpreted as meaning that "the reigns of government have been relaxed". On Mar. 6 the British govt. claims that it must keep its nukes because nobody can predict what their ally the U.S. would be like a decade from now. On Mar. 7 JFK approves the concept of a multilateral Allied Atomic Defense Force (NATO Nuclear Fleet), controlled by a 4-nation directorate, but claims he is only responding to a Euro suggestion and that it isn't actually necessary; after the Soviets object on Apr. 10 that disarmament talks would be set back 10 years, and that the real reason for it is for West Germany to regain territories lost in WWI, and France plays footsy with it, Johnson scuttles it in Dec. 1964. On Mar. 7 JFK says that the U.S. will not accept a nuclear test-ban treaty unless it provides "every assurance that we could detect a series of tests underground" in the vast Soviet Union, to which the Soviets respond on Mar. 12 that inspections would only be for the interests of the U.S., and that they can explode a nuke "behind the Moon" if they want to - making the Moon Race a potentially explosive issue? On Mar. 8 the U.S. warns Egyptian pres. Nasser that its increased bombing of cities in Saudi Arabia is jeopardizing its relations, causing him to back down. On Mar. 8 Nikita Khrushchev's son-in-law meets with Pope John XIII in the Vatican. On Mar. 8 the U.S. Congress backed by the U.S. Justice Dept. voices opposition to a NASA proposal to turn over ownership of govt.-financed inventions to private industry. On Mar. 8 the U.S. jobless rate rises to 6.1%, highest since 1961, adding fuel to JFK's proposal to cut taxes to stimulate the economy and job growth, after which on Mar. 10 N.Y. gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller says that the program is "doomed to failure", calling for his own income tax cut proposal. On Mar. 8 Poland and West Germany sign a new trade agreement even though the countries don't officially recognize each other; on Mar. 25 Poland agrees to return a token number of German POWs captured in 1945. On Mar. 8 Richard Nixon appears on The Jack Paar Program, and plays his short Piano Concerto #1 after saying that he doesn't have any political ambitions because the Repubs. don't want another piano player in the White House, referring to Dem. Pres. Truman. On Mar. 9 (Sat.) the Soviets pull out the first 560 men from Cuba. On Mar. 9 after getting pulled over for having no rear license plate light, petty thieves Gregory Ulas "Greg" Powell (1933-2012) and Jimmy Lee "Youngblood" Smith (1929-2007) (AKA Jimmy Youngblood) kidnap then murder police officer Ian James Campbell (-1963) and attempt the murder of his partner Karl Francis Hettinger (1934-94) in the Onion Field Killing near Bakersfield, Calif., who rabbits; they are tried on July 15-Sept. 12, and given the death sentence, which is reduced to life after Powell becomes a jailhouse lawyer, filing appeals until he gets out after 19 years; meanwhile Hettinger is scorned by fellow officers for letting the punks get the better of him, and he resigns from the LAPD in 1966, suffering from guilt and PTSD; subject of the 1973 novel "The Onion Field" by Joseph Wambaugh, and a 1979 film starring James Woods as Powell. On Mar. 10 King (since 1933) Zahir Shah of Afghanistan forces the resignation of PM (since 1953) Muhammad Daoud, and ends 30 years of rule by relatives in the office of PM, appointing former minister of mines Mohammad Yusuf Khan (1917-98) as new PM (until Nov. 2, 1965), then taking over personally and embarking on a liberalization program while simultaneously allying with the Soviets. On Mar. 10 Syria's new military junta, led by Gen. Amin al-Hafiz (al-Hafez) (1921-2009) sends tanks and armored cars throughout Damascus to round up political enemies; on July 27 Hafiz becomes pres. of Syria (until Feb. 23, 1966), and PM of Syria on Nov. 12 (until May 13, 1964). On Mar. 10 an Atlas IBM explodes during a test launch at Vandenburg AFB, after which three more are launched within 24 hours on Mar. 16-17. On Mar. 11 the Iraqi Rev. Council proposes the formation of a joint military command incl. Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Yemen, and Algeria.; the UAR, Syria, and Iraq agree on Apr. 9. First day on the job, and sure you're nervous? On Mar. 11 the first murder in its 104-year history occurs in the Boston suburb of Belmont when elderly Bessie Goldberg (b. 1899) is raped and strangled in her living room; black cleaning man Roy Smith is arrested and charged, but when the killings resume they take a peek at his skin color and send him to priz anyway, and it takes more than a decade to commute his sentence; more killings follow until Jan. 4, 1964; in Mar. 1965 construction laborer Albert Henry DeSalvo (1931-73) (with a German wife and two children) confesses to all 13 murders except the Goldberg one after being arrested for rape, and is sentenced to prison, where he is stabbed to death on Nov. 25, 1973, although experts still aren't sure he did it. On Mar. 12 the U.S. House votes to make Sir Winston Churchill the first honorary U.S. citizen, and on Apr. 9 a ceremony in the White House Rose Garden is transmitted to England via the Telstar satellite. On Mar. 13 after warning him that his attacks are reopening old territorial disputes, China invites Nikita Khrushchev to visit Beijing to discuss ideological differences, but Big K refuses, asking Mao to visit him in Moscow instead; meanwhile the Soviet Union scraps its latest 7-Year Plan as out of step with the time, and draws up a new 2-Year Plan; on Apr. 21 Moscow and Beijing sign a trade agreement, with Big K saying about Mao that "His chauvinism and arrogance sent a shiver up my spine." On Mar. 14 former U.S. state secy. Dean Acheson tells Charles de Gaulle that he can't expect to have U.S. protection for Europe if it also excludes U.S. influence, and on Mar. 26 Adlai E. Stevenson chimes in that U.S. determination to defend Europe cannot be questioned. On Mar. 14-June 12 the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City stages a Pop Art Show, featuring soup cans et al. by Andy Warhol (1928-87), Robert Rauschenberg (1925-), Jasper Johns Jr. (1930-) et al.; Johns is considered the founder of Pop Art, which is also popularized by German-born Peter Max (Finkelstein) (1937-), who makes the Sept. 5, 1969 cover of Life mag.; meanwhile Konrad Fischer (1939-96) founds the Capital Realism art movement in Germany as a response to Yankee Pop Art. On Mar. 15 1.5K demonstrate before the Iraqi Embassy in Moscow to protest their anti-Communist drive. On Mar. 15 a proposal by the Netherlands and Belgium to establish a limited customs union within the Common Market that incl. Britain is dropped. On Mar. 16 a 24-hour strike paralyzes French rail traffic. On Mar. 16 the South Korean military junta withdraws its promise of elections for four more years of military rule, causing demonstrations in Seoul on Mar. 22; on Mar. 26 U.S. state dept. official Lincoln White breaks U.S. silence on South Korea, saying that a prolongation of military rule "could constitute a threat to stable and effective government", after which the military offers civilian leaders a compromise offer of a civilian-military junta, which the civilian leaders reject, causing the U.S. govt. to threaten to withdraw $25M in aid; on Apr. 6 after a personal letter from JFK, elections are promised for the fall. On Mar. 17 the U.S. claims that two Soviet recon planes penetrated 30 mi. into U.S. airspace over SW Alaska on Mar. 15, and later charges that similar flights over U.S. aircraft carriers in the Atlantic and Pacific are being staged as reprisals; on Mar. 28 the Soviets deny knowledge via a note, which the U.S. State Dept. calls "unsatisfactory". On Mar. 17 leftist supporters of Brazilian pres. Joao Goulart demand removal of U.S. ambassador Lincoln Gordon, after which the Brazilian govt. disavows a Communist congress being held in order to defuse increasing U.S. congressional opposition to foreign aid; on Mar. 25 Congress finally approves $399M for Brazil, and on Mar. 27 JFK cuts $500M from his $4.9B foreign aid budget. On Mar. 18 the U.S. (Warren) Supreme Court rules unanimously (9-0) in Gideon v. Wainwright that not just federal but state courts are required by the 6th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases to defendants unable to afford their own attys., allowing Fla. drifter Clarence Earl Gideon (1910-72), represented by atty. Abe Fortas to get a new trial which acquits him of breaking into a cruddy pool hall; Justice Hugo Black writes the majority opinion. that state courts are required by the 6th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases to defendants unable to afford On Mar. 19 after a warm welcome in San Jose, Costa Rica, Pres. Kennedy and six Latin Am. presidents pledge to fight Communism, with Kennedy uttering the soundbyte "We will build a wall around Cuba, not a wall of mortar or brick or barbed wire, but a wall of dedicated men determined to protect their own freedom and sovereignty"; on Mar. 19 the CIA-sponsored exile group Alpha 66 announces that it had raided a Soviet "fortress" and ship in Cuba, causing a dozen casualties, pissing-off JFK, who intervenes to stop them; on Mar. 21 JFK adds that the U.S. will not accept a "yielding up" of Cuban sovereignty to the Soviets, and that the Western Hemisphere "can never be secure until the Soviet Union leaves Cuba", and that "indeed it must and will"; on Mar. 22 JFK returns to Washington, D.C., saying that "We will continue to live in a hemisphere of independent, firm and faithful friends"; on Mar. 23 Castro unexpectedly says that the Russkies are seeking a strategic advantage apart from their interest in Cuba's defense. On Mar. 19 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 8-1 to strike down the Ga. County Unit System (established 1917), which gives rural voters extra weight in choosing statewide officers; it also unanimously overrules its 1942 decision, holding that states must supply free attys. to all poor persons facing serious criminal charges; U.S. atty. gen. Robert F. Kennedy's only argument before the Supreme Court. On Mar. 20 U.S. newspaper officials accuse the U.S. govt. of lying to the public in times of crisis, thereby causing "a really serious crisis in the credibility of government pronouncements", to which on Mar. 23 White House press secy. Pierre Salinger responds that news editors are guilty of "news management"; on Mar. 26 two U.S. info. officers tell Congress that the flow of official news sometimes has to be slowed in the interest of nat. security, esp. during a crisis. On Mar. 20 the First Pop Art Exhibition is held in New York City. On Mar. 21 Algerian PM Ben Bella calls on France to negotiate an end to nuclear testing in the Algerian Sahara, charging that it had just detonated an underground nuke there, then begins seizing French properties, causing France to complain on Apr. 6; on Apr. 16 the Soviet Communist Party calls for all Africans to stop the French from testing nukes in the Sahara, saying that their foreign bases are "springboards of aggression"; on May 2 France caves in and announces that it will build a new nuclear test center in the Tahiti Islands in the Pacific. On Mar. 21 (first day of er, spring?) Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in San Francisco Bay, Calif. is closed after 29 years by order of U.S. atty.-gen. Robert F. Kennedy; Marion Federal Penitentiary in Williamson County 9 mi. S of Marion, Ill. and 120 mi. SE of St. Louis, Mo. opens to replace Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary; on Oct. 22, 1983 violence forces a long-term lockdown, making it the first control unit in the U.S., with 22-23 hours/day of solitary confinement (until 2006). On Mar. 21 Israel demands that West Germany end the collaboration of 500 German scientists with the UAR in the development of atomic, bacteriological, and chemical warfare weapons, to which the West German govt. says it has no legal authority to stop them, then on Mar. 23 asks Switzerland to extradite two Israeli agents for the attempted assassination of a German rocket expert in Feb.; on Apr. 6 U.S. Senators ask JFK to take action. On Mar. 22 the Kennedy admin. asks Congress for legal authority to end the govt. monopoly over ownership of nuclear fuels as a step toward long-range complete private development and ownership of atomic power. On Mar. 24 several hundred Soviet technicians leave Havana. On Mar. 25 Terence Marne O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine (194-90) becomes Northern Ireland PM #4 (until May 1, 1969), attempting to bring Catholics and Protestants together and promote industrialization and modernization, getting criticized for visiting a convent and becoming the first Northern Ireland MP who couldn't rely on the support the British govt. after Labor Party leader Harold Wilson becomes PM on Mar. 4, 1974. On Mar. 26 the Huntsville Center of the U. of Ala. rejects two U.S. technicians from entering because they are black. On Mar. 28-29 King Hassan II of Morocco visits JFK in Washington, D.C., and JFK reaffirms the U.S. pledge to withdraw military forces from four bases in Morocco by the end of the year. On Mar. 28 William Jaird Levitt (1907-94) (founder of Levittown on Long Island) refuses to sell houses in his Belair at Bowie project in Bowie, Md. to blacks, causing demonstrations by civil rights groups and becoming the first test of the Kennedy admin.'s anti-discrimination housing order; he finally backs down, complaining that it will put him at a competitive disadvantage. On Mar. 29 the U.S. claims that two MiG jets fired shots near a U.S. vessel in internat. waters off the N coast of Cuba, after which on Mar. 30 Castro apologizes, claiming they "probably fired in error"; meanwhile Cuban exiles attack two Soviet freighters in the Caribbean, causing the Kennedy admin. works out a plan to prevent further attacks, restricting prominent exile leaders to Miami-Dade County, Fla. on Mar. 31, and getting the British to seize an anti-Castro raiding boat en route from the Bahamas to attack a Cuban ship on Apr. 2, followed by another in Miami, then on Apr. 6 strengthens Coast Guard air and sea patrols - another nail in JFK's coffin? On Mar. 29 police in Greenwood, Miss. sic a dog on 42 blacks as they march homeward after applying for voter registration, causing the U.S. govt. to file suit on Mar. 31 to stop further intimidation. On Mar. 29 Tex. financier Billie Sol Estes (1924-) is convicted of 57 counts of mail fraud for swindling investors and the federal govt. of $24M through false claims of inventory of cotton and anhydrous ammonia fertilizer as loan collateral, and is sentenced to 15 years in prison; his slimy dealings and apparent suicides of associates were the first topic of JFK's May 17, 1962 press conference, the whole affair causing him to decide to drop LBJ as his 1964 running mate, or take steps to keep him from being nominated in 1968?; he also planned to oust FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover after the 1964 election?; meanwhile Estes gets his conviction overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court (5-4) in 1965 because TV cameras were allowed in the courtroom, after which he claims that he funneled millions into LBJ's pockets, and that they worked together to murder witnesses, and also that LBJ ordered the murder of JFK; LBJ's associate Malcolm "Mac" Wallace (1921-71) (who had an affair with LBJ's sister Josefa Johnson) was suspected in the June 3, 1961 murder of Henry Marshall (1909-61), who was investigating Estes; his fingerprint is found in the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository? On Mar. 31 after pressure by Pres. Kennedy, NASA selects its first two black astronaut trainees in its 271-man Training Group 3; too bad, neither quality for final selection for the final 32, much less the final 14, of which four are killed before going into space, and the remaining 10 all fly in the Apollo program. In Mar. exiled liberal pres. Juan Jose Arevalo returns to Guatemala for the Nov. pres. elections, but on Mar. 30 Pres. Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes is overthrown by a rightist anti-Castro rebel group led by defense minister Col. Alfredo Enrique Peralta Azurdia (1908-97) (until 1966); Fuentes flees to Nicaragua; the U.S. recognizes the new govt. on Apr. 17. In Mar. U.S. secy. of state Dean Rusk proposes a pullout plan for Vietnam, which is rejected - early pullout is too Catholic? In Mar. the sensational divorce of the British "Dirty Duchess" Margaret, Duchess of Argyll (Ethel Margaret Whigham) (1912-93) features her hubby (since 1951) Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th and 4th Duke of Argyll (1903-73) introducing into evidence juicy Polaroids of her wearing only a 3-strand pearl necklace while giving a beejay to Conservative minister of defence Edwin Duncan Sandys (1908-87) (son-in-law of Winston Churchill), plus a list of 83 men she blew, er, hooked up with, incl. two govt. ministers and three royals. An offer so big it can only be called a game day gamechanger? In spring 1963 Jackie Kennedy's younger sister Princess Lee Radziwill (Caroline Lee Bouvier) (1933-), wife (1959-74) of Polish Prince Stanislaw Albrecht "Stash" Radziwill (1914-76) starts hooking up with Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Socrates "Ari" Onassis (1906-75), pissing-off RFK, who arranges for her to leave Onassis' yacht Christina to accompany JFK on his trip to Berlin, after which she reaffirms her marriage to Stash in a Roman Catholic ceremony, then goes right back to the Christina in early Aug. right before Jackie's premie son Patrick dies, causing Onassis to invite Jackie to join them on his yacht, pissing-off the Kennedy brothers, who know his rep for conquering women and are concerned about a U.S. govt. suit against him for fraud; on Sept. 18 after Jackie gets fed-up with JFK's affairs with Marilyn Monroe, Mary Pinchot Meyer et al. and decides to get even and accepts, the White House announces that she will spend the first two weeks of Oct. vacationing and convalescing in Greece, neglecting to mention Onassis; on Oct. 4 she boards the yacht Christina at Piraeus, joining with her sister Princess Radziwill and hubby, and Suzanne and Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.; meanwhile pissed-off RFK swears to "destroy" Onassis, causing Onassis to respond "My boy, you don't frighten me, I've been threatened by experts"; on Oct. 17 Jackie returns, refreshed, and JFK telephones Onassis to personally thank him (the secret is that we all began spending time together away from the show?); meanwhile Onassis' old news babe Maria Callas returns to Paris to lick her wounds, clinging to him in vain for years as her opera career tanks. In Mar. Lee Harvey Oswald allegedly orders a .38 Smith and Wesson revolver from Seaport Traders, which is later used to kill Dallas police officer J.D. Tippit - the verdict, it was Oswald, the sentence, death without trial? In the spring JFK gives the first commencement address in the new Falcon Stadium at the Air Force Academy in Colo. Springs, Colo. On Apr. 1 the New York City newspaper strike ends after 114 days, becoming the longest and costliest in city history. On Apr. 1 Syria bans pro-Nasser agitators, then begins a curfew on Apr. 2, causing the rift to widen. On Apr. 1 the U.S. gives India a $67.5M loan for railroads. On Apr. 1 the Kennedy admin. goes on the defensive after its grand design for domestic economic growth and partnership with Europe fall through, and the 88th U.S. Congress fails to produce any significant legislation On Apr. 1, 1963 the daytime soap opera Ben Jerrod debuts on NBC-TV for 65 episodes (until June 28), becoming the first soap opera televised in color, about two R.I. attys. defending a socialite accused of murdering her husband. On Apr. 1 (Mon.) the daytime soap opera The Doctors debuts on NBC-TV for 5,280 episodes (until Dec. 31, 1982), set in Hope Memorial Hospital in Madson, New England, starting out as an anthology series until Mar. 2, 1964, when it becomes a serial, starring James Turner Pritchett Jr. (1922-2011) as chief of staff Dr. Matthew "Matt" Powers, who stays with the show until the end. On Apr. 1 (Mon.) the daytime soap opera General Hospital debuts on ABC-TV for ? episodes) (until ?), centered in the fictional town of Port Charles, N.Y. (first named in the 1970s)); it is about to be dropped in 1978 when it is taken over and turned around by producer Gloria Monty (1921-2006), who doubles the number of scenes per episode, causing the 1981 wedding of Luke Spencer (Anthony Geary) and Laura Spencer (Genie Francis) to be viewed by a record 30M viewers. On Apr. 1-2 a navy revolt in Argentina is quashed. On Apr. 2 Laotian foreign minister Quinim Pholsena (b. 1916) is assassinated in Vientiane by one of his Kong Le Guards, after which fighting erupts between Pathet Lao and neutralist forces; on Apr. 9 the U.S. complains about "a serious violation of the ceasefire" in Laos, and says that there are "indications" that Commie North Vietnamese troops are supporting the Pathet Lao, and on Apr. 10 SEATO calls for pressure against them, and on Apr. 12 U Thant accuses nations of reneging on promises to maintain Laotian neutrality to sell arms to the warring factions, after which the Soviets balk at a British suggestion to join in counseling the neutralist Laos govt.; on Apr. 15 PM Prince Souvanna Phouma negotiates a battlefield truce, breaks down the next day; on Apr. 24 after the U.S. stages naval maneuvers in the Gulf of Siam, hostilities end with an Internat. Control Commission-monitored truce, after which on Apr. 27 Khrushchev agrees that Laos should stay neutral and unified, and issues a joint communique with Kennedy rep. W. Averell Harriman; too bad, the Commies used the opportunity to open a road from the North Vietnamese border to the Pathet Lao military HQ. On Apr. 2 an anti-Peronist revolt against the govt. of Argentine pres. (since 1962) Jose Maria Guido is quashed. On Apr. 2 the Soviet Union launches the 3,135-lb. Lunik IV satellite, which passes within 5.3K mi. of the Moon on Apr. 7, but fails in its mission of a soft landing. On Apr. 2 Martin Luther King Jr. begins his first nonviolent protest campaign in Birmingham, Ala., which he calls "the most segregated city in the United States", with sit-ins and marches, causing over 400 arrests for B.S. charges like loitering; after 17 of 21 white churches refuse to admit black Christians sent by King, he organizes a protest march on Good Friday (Apr. 12), which Dem. police commissioner Theophilus Eugene "Bull" Connor (1897-1973) (born in Dallas County, Ala.) obtains an injunction against, but they march anyway, and his happy pigs use dogs and cattle prods on them, arresting several, incl. King, prompting him to write Letter from a Birmingham Jail; "I am in Birmingham because that's where injustice is... Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere"; "An unjust law is a code that a majority inflicts on a minority that is not binding on itself. This is difference made legal. On the other hand, a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow, and that it is willing to follow itself. This is sameness made legal"; JFK later utters the soundbyte: "The Civil Rights movement should thank God for Bull Connor. He's helped it as much as Abraham Lincoln." On Apr. 3 after its Apr. 1962 $6-a-ton price increase pisses-off JFK into ordering a federal grand jury investigation, U.S. Steel Corp. and six other cos. are charged with price fixing and bid rigging in a scheme similar to the electrical price-fixing case of 1961; this doesn't stop them for more "selected price adjustments" averaging $4.85 a ton, which JFK accepts as "not incompatible with a framework of general stability and steel price stability", after which another price increase in Aug. 1966 stirs no protest from LBJ. On Apr. 4 Pres. Kennedy announces that 4K Soviet troops left Cuba in Mar. in addition to the 5K who left last Nov., but this "still leaves some thousands on the island", which "we hope are going to be withdrawn"; he also announces a reduction in economic aid to South Korea, says that he opposes the spread of nukes to the Middle East, and disses a $12B budget cut for 1964 proposed by ex-pres. Eisenhower, saying it would result in an economic decline and impede defense. On Apr. 4 France =ledges to help defend Southeast Asian nations from Communism. On Apr. 4 John L. Lewis says his farewells to the coal industry. On Apr. 5 reports of an economic reorganization and crackdown on intellectuals cause rumors that Khrushchev is in political trouble. On Apr. 5 the U.S. Senate approves a $750M program for urban mass transit, becoming the first admin. bill to pass either house of Congress. On Apr. 5 supposedly disgraced nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer is awarded the $50K Fermi Award by the Atomic Energy Commission, after which he makes a fervent plea to free science from unnecessary govt. secrecy - who zoomed who? On Apr. 7 the Yugoslavia proclaims proclaims the Socialist Federal Repub. of Yugoslavia, and on Apr. 8 unanimously adopts a new Communist 1963 Yugoslavian Constitution extending human and civil rights while making Tito pres. for life, with his successors elected to a max of two consecutive 4-year terms; in Apr. Tito sends JFK a letter assuring him that Yugoslavia will remain "independent, socialist and nonaligned", after which U.S. state secy. Dean Rusks visits Belgrade in May to talk about trade concessions. On Apr. 7 the U.S. and Britain sign an accord providing for purchase of U.S. Polaris missiles without nuclear warheads for its nuclear subs that are scheduled to go into service in 1968 as a substitute for its scrapped Skybolt missile program. On Apr. 7 ex-Cuban pres. Manuel Urrutia declares that the Cuban people are anxiously awaiting outside aid to help them overthrow Castro. On Apr. 7 a bus returning from a church meeting plunges into the Tiva River in Mitaboni, Kenya, killing 72. On Apr. 8 after a bitterly anti-U.S. campaign by Progressive Conservative PM (since 1957) John G. "Dief the Chief" Diefenbaker, fueled by a secret U.S. document containing an unflattering reference to him in JFK's handwriting, elections in Canada give the Liberal Party a 129-seat majority in the House of Commons, but not an absolute majority; on Apr. 22 Liberal 1957 Nobel Peace Prize winner Lester Bowles "Mike" Pearson (1897-1972) becomes PM #14 of Canada (until Apr. 20, 1968), and on May 10-12 he meets with JFK in Cape Cod, and agrees to equip Canadian missiles with U.S.-supplied nukes, uttering the soundbyte "Wise cooperation across the border can enhance rather than diminish the sovereignty of each country by making it stronger and more prosperous than before"; his minority govt. goes on to strike a deal with two Conservative MPs to switch to the Liberals plus six defecting members of the Social Credit Party, and goes on to institute universal health care, student loans, the Canadian Pension Plan, the Order of Canada, and a new Canadian flag (over Diefenbaker's strenuous opposition, the flag that is), although he refuses to support the U.S. in its war in Vietnam - if the inventor of dynamite can award peace prizes? On Apr. 8 the U.S. and Soviet Union announce plans for a circus exchange - which James Bond 007 movie was that? On Apr. 8 the 35th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1962 to Columbia's (Horizon Pictures) Lawrence of Arabia, along with best dir. to David Lean; best actor goes to Gregory Peck for To Kill a Mockingbird, best actress to Anne Bancroft for The Miracle Worker, best supporting actor to Ed Begley for Sweet Bird of Youth, and best supporting actress to Patty Duke for The Miracle Worker. On Apr. 9 Pres. Kennedy opens the ML baseball season by throwing out the first ball as striking food and drink vendors form picket lines. On Apr. 10 the U.S. nuclear sub USS Thresher (SSN-593) is lost in the North Atlantic 220 mi. E of Cape Cod during a test dive, losing all 129 crew in 8.4K-ft.-deep water; silver-brazed joints that were not tested with sound waves and couldn't blow water out of the ballast tanks at low depths are blamed, after which the U.S. Navy builds 22 more subs of the same design; on May 31 the first underwater photos of the craft are taken; meanwhile a Soviet Adm. complains that the Thresher wreck is contaminating the ocean with radioactivity. On Apr. 10 Wheeling Steel Corp. raises steel prices $6 a ton, followed by Lukens Corp. on Apr. 15, Republic Steel Corp. and Pittsburgh Steel Co. on Apr. 16, and others on Apr. 17, pissing of the Kennedy admin., but not too much, as JFK says on Apr. 12 that the steel industry can take a few small "selective" steps toward higher prices here and there as long as they don't try for an across-the-board increase that would have a bad psychological effect. The Great American 20th Century Conspiracy spins the wheels? On Apr. 10 after moving to New Orleans in early Apr. and getting a job at the Reilly Coffee Co., which is owned by CIA man William Reilly and located near the office of Guy Bannister (who supplies and trains anti-Castro paramilitaries), Lee Harvey Oswald (who begins receiving $200 a mo. from the FBI as informant #179) attempts to assassinate right-wing John Bircher U.S. Maj. Gen. Edwin Anderson "Ted" Walker (1909-93) (who had been relieved by JFK from his command in West Germany in 1961 for distributing right-wing lit. blasting Truman, Dean Acheson, and Eleanor Roosevelt for treasonous tendencies and resigned, then lost the Dem. Tex. gov. primary in 1962 to John B. Connally Jr., and finally was arrested for sedition until the charges were dropped on Jan. 21) with an 8 lb. $12.78 mail order Carcano M91/38 (not Mannlicher-Carcano) bolt-action short-barrel 6.5mm carbine (with a 4X scope) that he ordered in Feb. 1963 from Klein's Sporting Goods in Chicago, Ill. through a P.O. box registered in the name of Alek James Hidell, which he practices rapid-firing techniques on at a local shooting range, and which he proudly displays in a Photo of Oswald Holding Rifle in His Backyard that his wife Marina allegedly takes on Mar. 31 and is later discovered, although it has suspicious indications of a forgery; he isn't caught, so he decides to return to the Soviet Union or Cuba, writing letters to their embassies; meanwhile in Aug. Oswald tries to infiltrate the New Orleans branch of the Rev. Students Directorate (DRE), an anti-Castro anti-JFK org. in Miami run by Carlos Bringuier (1934-), and stage-managed by Greek-born CIA agent George Joannides (1922-90), all of which is covered-up for a long time. The Big Thaw of the Catholic Church vis a vis Communists begins? On Apr. 11 Pope John XXIII issues the encyclical Pacem in Terris (beginning "Peace on Earth, which man throughout the ages has so longed for and sought after, can never be established, never guaranteed, except by the diligent observance of the divinely established order"), calling for a world community of nations to ensure peace, thawing out relations with the godless Commies, and follows this up with a private audience with Khrushchev's daughter; too bad, the Greek Orthodox Church rejects it, saying they'll never accept papal infallibility; on Apr. 21 JFK attends the centennial observances of Roman Catholic Boston College, saying that he approves the encyclical, adding "I am proud of it. As an American I have learned from it". On Apr. 11 Algerian foreign minister Mohammed Khemisti (b. 1930) is shot, and dies on May 6. On Apr. 12 the British govt. rejects a demand by the all-white govt. of Southern Rhodesia for early independence. On Apr. 12 police use cattle prods and dogs on peaceful civil rights demonstrators in Birmingham, Ala., causing bad press nationwide - du, du hasst, du hasst mich? On Apr. 12 in a secret session the U.S. Senate by 58-16 rejects the Nike-Zeus anti-missile program backed by S.C. Sen. Strom Thurmond. On Apr. 14 hundreds of anti-nuclear demonstrators clash with police in thick woods 30 mi. W of London while searching for a secret govt. command post that will allegedly be used after a nuclear attack on London; meanwhile 5K picket the U.S. demanding a nuclear test ban. On Apr. 15 after anti-segregation leaders in Birmingham, Ala. are arrested, police club several black protesters while holding back a crowd of 2K. On Apr. 17 the 2nd anniv. of the Bay of Pigs Invasion sees the Kennedy admin. about ready to cut off its $2M annual subsidy to the 17-member Cuban Rev. Council in Miami, causing Jose Miro Cardona and five other members to resign, after which on Apr. 22 U.S. atty.-gen. Robert Kennedy urges Cuban exiles to unite in a single org. with a single voice; on Apr. 22 the last group of 21 Americans imprisoned in Cuba arrives in Miami, which Washington admits on Apr. 25 contains three CIA agents. On Apr. 17 South Vietnamese pres. Ngo Dinh Diem broadcasts a clemency offer to the Commie guerrillas, then flip-flops on Apr. 18, saying that all card-carrying Commies must be destroyed. On Apr. 17 the U.S. Civil Rights Commission urges JFK to cut off federal funds to Miss. until it ends its "subversion of the Constitution", and says that his fair employment order is being flouted in Atlanta, Ga.; on Apr. 19 a group of U.S. Sens. ask for a ban on all federal aid to Miss.; on Apr. 20 JFK says that he doesn't have or want the power to deprive Miss. of federal funds; on Apr. 26 the Committee on Equal Opportunity in Housing asks JFK to ban new military bases, space installations and other govt. facilities in segregated areas; on Apr. 28 African-Am. congressman Adam Clayton Powell Jr. charges the admin. with "slowing up" in the civil rights field. On Apr. 19 Pres. Kenney addresses a newspaper editors' convention in Washington, D.C., and denies that anyone in his admin. had ever pledged to mount another invasion of Cuba; meanwhile U.S. Sen. (R-N.Y.) (1959-65) Kenneth Barnard Keating (1900-75) claims that Soviet troops are not being withdrawn from Cuba, but merely rotated, and that there are still 30K-40K there. On Apr. 20 French pres. Charles de Gaulle addresses the nation, calling on it to follow a long hard road to nuclear, economic, and political independence - fuck you, Yanqui? On Apr. 20 brush fires in Staten Island, N.Y. destroy 100 homes. On Apr. 21 after violent demonstrations demanding that Jordan join the United Arab Repub., PM (since Mar. 27) Samir el-Rifai resigns; on Apr. 30 Jordan declares a state of emergency on its borders. On Apr. 22 king (since 1952) Hussein of Jordan dissolves parliament and orders a gen. election to be held within 4 mo. On Apr. 23 Israeli pres. (since 1952) Yitzhak Ben-Zvi (b. 1884) dies, and on May 21 Russian-born Schneor Zalman Shazar (1889-1974) becomes Israeli pres. #3 (until 1973). On Apr. 23 after being refused by Continental Airlines in 1957 and going all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, who unanimously decides that states can make interstate airlines stop racial discrimination in hiring practices, Marlon D. Green (1929-2009) becomes the first African-Am. pilot hired by a major U.S. passenger airline, working for Continental Airlines in 1965-78; meanwhile David Harris (1935-) becomes the first African-Am. pilot in the U.S. at Am. Airlines in 1964-94. On Apr. 23 N.Y. gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller signs a bill ending housing discrimination. On Apr. 24 the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations protects the right of individuals jailed in a foreign land to contact their own country's consulate. On Apr. 25 at a news conference, JFK warns that "time is running out" for a nuclear test-ban treaty; on June 3 he adds that a Senate debate over it might be as bitter and fatal as the one over the League of Nations in 1919. On Apr. 26 Haitian forces occupy the Dominican embassy in Port-au-Prince; on Apr. 29 the Dominican Repub. charges Haiti with "aggressive policies", and breaks off diplomatic relations; the OAS talks the DR govt. into holding off military action despite the U.S. desire to get rid of Haitian pres. (since 1957) Dr. Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier (1907-71), and the Haitian forces are removed on Apr. 30 after DR troops deploy along the border, after which the U.S. removes 30 Marines who had been training Haitian forces, then on May 3 issues a protest against Duvalier's "inflammatory" statements and harassment of U.S. officials, after which on May 4 Duvalier declares martial law, claiming a plot overthrow his govt. by underground forces by May 15; on May 5 Dominican Repub. Juan Bosch threatens invasion if Duvalier doesn't issue safe-conduct passes for all Dominican embassy refugees in Port-au-Prince, and JFK says that he is reluctant to send in Marines stationed on Navy ships just outside Haitian waters; on May 7 the OAS calls on Haiti and the DR to let them settle their dispute, and on May 9 sends a special fact-finding mission to Port-au-Prince, and Haiti tries to prevent it from entering until May 11, when U.S. pressure on Haitian foreign minister Rene Chalmers is applied, after which U.S. Sen. J.W. Fulbright criticizes the OAS handling of the situation as containing "a considerable amount of apathy", and raises the possibility of a Commie takeover of Haiti; on May 18 the U.S. suspends diplomatic relations with Haiti, claiming that Duvalier's last election was irregular, which doesn't stop him from being inaugurated to his 2nd term on May 23, while rebel (former top aide) Clement Barbot (1913-) tells newsmen that the army will help him overthrow the bum; Washington finally resumes relations with Haiti on June 4 after Pope John XXIII dies; on June 5 Haiti burns peasant homes to stop an exodus to the DR. On Apr. 27 Fidel Castro visits K-Mart, er, Moscow at the invitation of Comrade Khrushchev. On Apr. 29 four locals vote 2-1 to retain the Teamsters as their bargaining agent, becoming the biggest challenge to its power by the AFL-CIO since 1957. On Apr. 29 the FCC announces an investigation into a $100K donation by NBC-TV to non-commercial TV station WNDT Channel 13, then on June 1 clears them of any conspiracy to change their programming policies - no you don't? In Apr. a 50-mi. hiking fad begins in the U.S. In Apr. the musical variety show Hootenanny debuts on ABC-TV for 43 episodes (until Sept. 1964), hosted by Jack Linkletter and taped at college campuses, with theme song "Hootenanny Saturday Night" by The Brothers Four, featuring folk music acts incl. The Journeymen, The Limeliters, The Carter Family, The Foggy Mountain Boys, Lester Flagg and Earl Scruggs, The Chad Mitchell Trio, The New Christy Minstrels, The Brothers Four, Ian and Sylvia, The Big 3, Judy Collins, Johnny Cash, Hoyt Axon, The Tarriers, The Smothers Brothers, Bud & Travis et al.; too bad, the producers blacklist Pete Seeger and The Weavers, causing Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Peter, Paul and Mary et al. to begin boycotting them, after which the 1964 British Invasion causes them to lose viewers and get canceled, being replaced with "The Outer Limits" and "Shindig!". May 1963 becomes head game month in the West, with British Peers wanting to become mental patients, self-made mental patient Timothy Leary trying to turn others into mental patients, and should-be-a-mental-patient William Shockley letting it all hang out, while other ex-mental patients, should-be-mental-patients and mental hospitals make the news? On May 1 U.S. climber James "Big Jim" Whittaker (1929-) and three others (incl. a Sherpa guide) finally scale Mt. Everest after running out of oxygen, becoming the first Yankee to conquer the pesky widow-making peak. On May 1 the U.S. Senate debates on giving aid to the pesky United Arab Repub. (UAR), with Sen. (D-Minn.) (1949-64) Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (1911-78) calling for an embargo on arms shipments to the entire Middle East, and Jewish Sen. (R.-N.Y.) (1957-81) Jacob Koppel "Jack" Javits (1904-86) calling for a defense pact to protect Israel. Birmingham gives George Wallace and Martin Luther King Jr. national prominence? On May 2 500 black protesters in Birmingham, Ala. are arrested and driven to jail in school buses, causing a protest on May 3, on which police commissioner Bull Connor unleashes vicious clothes-ripping police dogs and high powered (700 psi) fire hoses (after all, blacks are too dirty to touch, and are fit only for dogfood?) on 2.5K blacks in downtown protesting for their right to be treated equally in white-owned businesses, causing U.S. atty.-gen. Robert Kennedy to finally "get it" and back the civil rights program implicitly, saying "I can well understand why the Negroes of Birmingham are tired of being asked to be patient"; a New York Times photo on May 4 of a police dog attacking peaceful black teenager Walter Gadsden taken by Detroit, Mich.-born photojournalist Bill Hudson (1932-2010 causes Pres. Kennedy to fume at a meeting of the liberal Ams. for Dem. Action, saying "There's no federal law we could pass to do anything about that picture... What law can you pass to do anything about police power in the community of Birmingham? There is nothing we can do"; on May 4 highway patrolmen arrest 10 Freedom Walkers on the Ala. as they cross from Tenn.; by May 7 2,543 demonstrators have been arrested in Birmingham, causing Ala. gov. George Wallace to say he is "beginning to tire of agitators, integrationists and others who seek to destroy law and order in Alabama"; a truce lasts until May 11. On May 3 the U.S. asks the UAR, Syria, and Iraq to stop their propaganda campaign against the Jordanian monarchy amidst reports of a possible coup against King Hussein; on May 4 six Syrian cabinet ministers resign; on May 5 Algerian pres. Ben Bella expresses a desire to join the UAR. On May 3 Algeria agrees to compensate Euros whose farms were nationalized if the French will speed up their troop withdrawal. On May 3 moderate Repub. U.S. Calif. Sen. (1953-69) Thomas Henry Kuchel (1910-94) (pr. KEY-kull) (Nixon's replacement) claims on the Senate floor that right-wing extremists are spreading "fright" rumors that African cannibal troops are being trained in swamps in Ga. for a Russian-U.N. coup against Washington; he later refuses to support Barry Goldwater for pres., and backs Nelson A. Rockefeller. On May 3 after deciding to walk from Chattanooga, Tenn. to Jackson, Miss. on Apr. 21 to deliver a letter protesting race relations to gov. Ross Barnett, lone wolf N.Y.-born white postman (WWII vet, pacifist, atheist, former mental patient and gen. nuisance to the govt.) William L. Moore (b. 1927) is shot and killed on Highway 11 in Etowah County, Ala.; the murders are not caught (until ?); the letter read "The white man cannot be truly free himself until all men have their rights"; on May 4 ten Freedom Walkers are arrested by highway patrolmen on the Ala. border after they cross from Chattanooga, Tenn. to complete his walk, after which a mini-movement to complete that bitchin' walk is born. On May 4 a UAR ferry capsizes and sinks in the Upper Nile, killing 200+. On May 4 two helis of the Internat. Control Commission in Laos are set on fire near the airstrip in the Plaine des Jarres. On May 4 recently divorced (1961) N.Y. Gov. Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (1908-79) marries recently divorced (Apr. 1) Margaretta Large Fitler "Happy" Murphy (1926-), his 2nd marriage after divorcing Mary Todhunter Clark on Mar. 16, 1962, leaving five children; they have two children; since he filed for divorce in 1961 while she worked on his staff, after which she resigned then filed for her own divorce, and they married a lousy 1 mo. later, the stink causes British journalist Lady Jeanne Louise Campbell (1928-2007) to say "Already people are comparing Happy Murphy to the Duchess of Windsor when she was just plain Mrs. Simpson", ruining Rocky's 1964 pres. aspirations. On May 5 Communist Chinese pres. Liu Shao-qi signs a declaration of friendship with Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia. On May 5 U.S. asst. atty.-gen. (since 1961) Burke Marshall (1922-2003), head of the Justice Dept.'s Civil Rights Div. (since 196t1) arrives in Birmingham, Ala. to effect a truce; on May 6 several hundred blacks stage a peaceful demonstration, and on May 7 another march results in 1K arrests; on May 8 the police use an armored car and water hoses to drive hundreds of protesters off the streets; on May 6 Adam Clayton Powell Jr. says that Washington, D.C. will experience a massive race riot if the social factors producing racial tension aren't removed; on May 8 JFK says that the ideal solution in Birmingham would be one made by its own people; on May 9 a truce is declared, until MLK Jr. is returned to jail, after which he is freed on bail and warns that unless a settlement is reached by 11 a.m. demonstrations will resume, after which on May 9 after meetings in the home of a black insurance exec an agreement is reached, incl. pledges by white businessmen and civil leaders (not by city officials) to desegregate facilities in large downtown stores in 90 days and to hire black clerks and salesmen in 60 days, plus release demonstrators without bail in return for ending the protests, after which Malcolm X utters the soundbyte that Birmingham will look like a picnic compared to racial violence elsewhere unless whites give in to black demands for equality. On May 6 the first evidence is claimed by the U.S. that Communists have been parachuting supplies to the Viet Cong guerrillas; meanwhile the U.S. Pacific Command finally gives JFK a plan for withdrawal from Vietnam, but its extended timeline pisses-off defense secy. Robert S. McNamara, who orders them to draw up plans for withdrawing 1K military personnel by the end of the year. On May 6 30+ prominent U.S. citizens incl. Edward Teller and retired Adm. Arleigh Albert Burke form the Citizens Committee for a Free Cuba; their first newsletter talks about a training camp for Latin Am. guerrillas - of course you see no problem in disturbing everyone's beautiful morning with your buzzing? On May 7 Telstar 2 is launched by the U.S., and makes the first transatlantic broadcast. On May 7 a U.S. Army Lt. and two South Vietnamese soldiers are killed in an ambush by Communist guerrillas in the back country near Saigon. On May 7 Moscow announces support for Kurdish forces in achieving autonomy within Iraq, even though the Kurdish leader is anti-Communist. On May 7 a U.S. Army capt. and a West German sgt. defect to East Germany and ask for political asylum. On May 8 JFK utters the soundbyte: "We support the security of both Israel and her neighbors", becoming the first U.S. pres. to say so officially, giving them anti-aircraft rockets to back it up. On May 8 women protest in Washington, D.C. against nuclear testing. On May 8 Buddhist monks assemble in Hue, Vietnam to celebrate the 2,527th birthday of Buddha, defying a law against displaying their own non-nat. flags, causing the police to shut them down, firing +into the crowd, killing one woman and eight children, pissing off the monks and causing them to begin protesting the Damn Roman Catholic Diem Regime in South Vietnam, led by monk Thich Tri Quang (1924-); too bad, this only pisses them off and causes more repression as Diem claims that Buddhists are Commies and stations troops around pagodas. On May 9 Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski of Poland arrives in Rome as rumors spread of secret talks between the Vatican and Soviet Union over improving relations. On May 9 British Guiana declares emergency rule. On May 10 a Senate subcommittee reports that there are still at least 17.5K Russians in Cuba, and that it was "quite possible" that Soviet missiles are still there and could become operational "in a matter of hours", even though the CIA believes they have all been withdrawn. On May 10 Jimmy Hoffa is indicted by a federal grand jury in Nashville, Tenn. for jury-rigging last fall. On May 10 Lee Harvey Oswald and his South Bend, Ind.-born cancer researcher lover Judyth Vary (1943-) are allegedly hired for a secret research project to create a biological weapon to kill Fidel Castro at Reily's Coffee Shop in New Orleans, La.; Oswald allegedly tries to go to Cuba to deliver the materials, but they had too short a shelf-life; she also allegedly met Guy Bannister, Jack Ruby, and David Ferrie, and claims that Oswald admired JFK and tried to penetrate an assassination ring in Dallas, but ended up the patsy. On May 11 Fidel Castro gives a televised speech, saying that the U.S. has taken some "steps in the right direction" towards improving relations, incl. prisoner exchanges and fewer anti-Castro raids. On May 11 (night) white supremacists bomb a black-owned motel and the home of MLK Jr.'s younger brother in Birmingham, Ala., triggering the May 12 Mother's Day Race Riot by 2.5K pissed-off blacks, 50 of whom are injured after attacking police and burning six stores, overwhelming the pigs despite clubbing all the blacks they can catch, and causing Bull Connor to request reinforcements from Ala. gov. George Wallace, who responds with 700 pistol-wielding crackers, causing Pres. Kennedy to send 3K troops to an air base near the city and take preliminary steps to federalize the Ala. Nat. Guard, saying "This government will do whatever must be done to preserve order, to protect the lives of its citizens, and to uphold the law of the land", pissing-off Ala. gov. George Wallace, who questions his right to send troops, causing Kennedy to back down on May 14 with a telegram to him saying "I trust that we can count on your constructive cooperation", leaving their use up to Wallace; meanwhile Ala.'s congressional delegation petitions JFK to withdraw the troops, and Wallace sues, losing in the U.S. Supreme Court on May 28; Kennedy's chief of staff Ken O'Donnell predicts a "long, hot summer". On May 12 Pope John XXIII calls on Italian pres. (1962-4) Antonio Segni (1891-1972), becoming the first papal visit to a pres. of the Italian Repub. (founded 1946), and the 2nd visit to an Italian head of state; on May 16 the Italian cabinet of Amintore Fanfani resigns after elections on Apr. 28 cause the Christian Dems. to lose 13 seats and the Communists to gain 25 - the visit was about the Illuminati conspiracy? On May 12-13 on its 2nd try the U.S. releases 400M copper needles in space from a satellite to study world communication, drawing criticism. On May 13 after the interior minister demands a political purge of hundreds of enemies, the cabinet of Argentine pres. Jose Maria Guido resigns, and army CIC gen. Juan Carlos Ongania promises new nat. elections by Oct. 17. On May 13 tribesman equipped with poisoned arrows ambush a suspected route taken by pres. Jomo Kenyatta, killing 19. On May 13 the comic strip Modesty Blaise debuts (until July 7, 2002), created by English writer Peter O'Donnell (1920-) and English artist Jim Holdaway (1927-70), becoming a classic of adventure comics with the sexy heroine proving an exceptional babe of many talents with a criminal past; her platonic trusty sidekick is Willie Garven; starting out as a refugee in Greece in 1945, she is named Modesty by Hungarian scholar Lob, and adds Blaise after Merlin the Magician's tutor, and likes to fight with a kongo (yawara stick); John Travolta reads a Modesty Blaise novel on the toilet in the 1994 film "Pulp Fiction". On May 14 Japan and France sign a new trade agreement liberalizing French import quotas on over 60 Japanese products. On May 14 after a note from Khrushchev threatening to resume their own tests, the U.S. cancels three nuclear tests in Nev. On May 14 things start to heat up in Cambridge, Md. after black activist Gloria St. Clair Hayes Richardson (1922-) is arrested at the Dizzyland Restaurant for trespassing, causing a protest that fills the jails with 62 more, followed by more protests on June 10-11, which turn violent on both sides, causing 20 more arrests and the mustering of the Md. Nat. Guard, who impose a cufew; on July 11 two carloads of white men ignore the curfew and drive into the black section of the city shooting in all directions, causing a riot, after which the U.S. Dept. of Justice, incl. atty.-gen. Robert Kennedy intervene, negotiating the Treaty of Cambridge, with the city govt. promising to create a biracial Humans Rights Commission, end school and public facilities segregation, and build a public housing project; too bad, a petition puts the desegregation amendment on the local ballot on Oct. 1, and after black voters ignore MLK Jr. and stay away, the amendment is defeated. On May 15 Okla.-born U.S. astronaut Leroy Gordon "Gordo" Cooper Jr. (1927-2004) blasts off atop an Atlas rocket aboard Mercury 9 Faith 7 on the final mission of the Project Mercury space program, becoming the last American to go into space alone (until ?); on May 16 he returns after 22 orbits, flying for 34 hours 20 min. and transmitting the first TV pictures from an orbiting U.S. space capsule before having to manually land it; on May 22 Cooper visits Washington, D.C. and addresses Congress, uttering the soundbyte "Oh, everything has been wonderful", after which he meets 18-mo.-old JFK Jr., who mumbles "Cooper, Cooper" to mommy and sucks his thumb; the space program budget for next year is set at $5.7B; meanwhile on May 15 FCC chmn. Newton Minow tenders his resignation, and on June 5 urges that the FCC be abolished and its functions taken over by an administrator and a court. On May 15 after British pressure, the Civil Aeronautics Board allows U.S. airlines to raise fares on Atlantic routes to the level of Euro carriers. On May 15 the U.S. and Britain announce a new 100-mi.-long anti-submarine test range in the Bahamas, stressing that no explosives will be tested. On May 17 Communist Chinese pres. Liu Shao-qi praises Stalin as an antidote to the "revisionist" doctrines of Khrushchev. On May 17-19 the first Monterey Folk Festival is held in Calif. On May 18 350 blacks are arrested in a protest in Greensboro, N.C. On May 19 Pres. Kennedy tours Ala. and Tenn. just one week after racial disturbances, receiving a warm welcome, and stating that the efforts of blacks to secure their rights are "in the highest traditions of American freedom"; he meets Ala. gov. George C. Wallace in Muscle Shoals, Ala., and shakes hands; meanwhile the NAACP announces a new campaign against school segregation in the North, which is based on housing patterns. On May 20 Indonesian pres. (since 1945) Sukarno (1901-70) is appointed pres. for life, and gets a new anti-subversion law passed, with penalties of 20 years to death - may you have many more? On May 20 after flying from Washington, D.C. to Moscow nonstop in a record 8 hours 38 min. 42 sec., JFK sends AEC chmn. Glenn T. Seaborg to inspect Soviet atomic installations and conclude a new U.S.-Soviet nuclear cooperation agreement that incl. exchange of research specialists, which he does on May 22. On May 20 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Silver v. New York Stock Exchange that the New York Stock Exchange is not immune to antitrust laws, but does not say if it is liable for monopolistic practices to the same extent as private corps. On May 21 a revolt against pres. Cemal Gursel of Turkey is quashed. On May 21 India requests $1.5B in military aid over three years from the U.S. and Britain to meet the threat from go-ahead-make-my-day Communist China. Alabama fights the feds in a losing fight? On May 21 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules in Smith v. City of Birmingham, Ala. to overturn convictions of 28 black and three white students for sit-in demonstrations, saying that since the cities had official policies of segregation, a store owner's refusal to serve blacks is the state's fault and therefore unconstitutional; on May 21 1.1K black students in Birmingham, Ala. who had been arrested in anti-segregation demonstrations are expelled or suspended from school, causing black leaders to call on the city's other 21,877 black students to start a boycott, but MLK Jr. calls it off after a judge orders the students reinstated on May 23; on May 22 a federal judge orders the U. of Ala. to admit two black students on June 10, causing Ala. gov. George C. Wallace to declare that he will defy the court, pledging to "stand in the schoolhouse door", while univ. officials indicate willingness to admit them, but at a later date - next millennium? On May 22 U.S. wheat farmers defy the Kennedy admin. and vote to defeat their program of production controls and price supports, ending the 30-year govt. program of controlling surplus production, causing a huge surplus next year. On May 23 Pres. Kennedy denies Repub. allegations that the U.S. might abandon Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba, saying "It will not be done"; meanwhile 125K cheering Commies in Moscow bid farewell to Fidel Castro, who has been visiting the Soviet Union for four weeks, and warns that any blockade or attack on Cuba by the U.S. would provoke a graver crisis than the one last Oct.; Khrushchev accepts Castro's invitation to visit Cuba in the near future. On May 23 (eve.) JFK attends a pre-birthday party in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, attended by 600 people who had each given at least $1K to the Dem. Nat. Committee; too bad, no Marilyn? On May 24 Ugandan PM Milton Obote disses the racial scene in Ala., and calls for an end to white rule in Africa, by force if necessary. On May 24 the SEC and Wall Street leaders agree on new rules for policing security trading, incl. min. qualifications for securities dealers and increased penalties. On May 24 JFK dedicates the East Coast Memorial in Battery Park, Manhattan, dedicated to the 4,596 U.S. servicemen who died in the W Atlantic in WWII. On May 25 after 31 African leaders meet to work for African unity in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, they found the Org. of African Unity (OAU); it holds its 2nd meeting on July 22, 1964, and is disbanded on July 9, 2002 in favor of the African Union (AU). On May 25 former U.S. Marine Walter Glockner (b. 1936) is fatally shot in Hoboken, N.J. as he leaves his home; he is also a Teamsters union shop steward who opposes the chief of Local 560, Genovese crime boss Anthony "Tony Pro" Provenzano (1917-88), who uses union funds as his personal piggy bank with the blessing of Jimmy Hoffa, who later become bitter enemies. On May 26 2K demonstrate in Scotland against U.S. Polaris missiles. On May 26 U.S. atty.-gen. Robert F. Kennedy meets with a group of prominent black intellectuals in a "heated but significant" meeting, which Kennedy later acknowledges is a failure; writer James Baldwin says that Kennedy "does not understand the extent of growing racial strife" in the North; on May 27 Kennedy talks with a group of theater owners about the issue. On May 28 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. goes public, with an IPO of 110K shares, helped by the Kennedy tax cuts and the leadership of the U.S. in all the major smokestack industries; too bad, the Vietnam War, white urban flight from Detroit, Cleveland, Newark, N.J., and Gary, Ind. caused by race riots, and rise of Japanese industry cause the 1970s to become a Dow nightmare. On May 28 the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously bans "indefinite delay" in school desegregation, ordering Memphis, Tenn. to desegregate its parks and playgrounds immediately; this doesn't stop federal judge Seybourn Harris Lynne (1907-2000) from refusing to order total desegregation of Birmingham, Ala. schools, saying on May 29 that the school board's "good faith" has not been tested yet. On May 28 the U.S. Senate passes the Kennedy admin.'s mental health program by 72-1, but by 43-27 defeats an amendment that would withhold federal funds from states with segregated mental health programs. On May 28-29 a cyclone in the Bay of Bengal in East Pakistan kills 22K and destroys 1M homes along the Chittagong coast. On May 30 the British Peerage Bill is passed, allowing guilt-ridden British peers to renounce their titles - the gay ones still have to stay in ye olde closet? On May 30 JFK attends a luncheon with nine Dem. govs. (only one from a Southern state), and calls for equal opportunities regardless of race; meanwhile the Ala. State Senate approves a resolution endorsing gov. George Wallace's promised defiance of a federal court order to integrate the sacred lily-white U. of Ala. on Jee-yun 10, with an amendment against mob violence, although the state will not guarantee the black students' safety on campus. On May 30 before attending a dinner party aboard the yacht Sequoia, JFK acknowledges to reporters that May 29 was his 46th birthday (when he attended one party by his staff and another by his family), and adds "You all look older today". On May 30 the FCC reverses its 1963 decision and outlaws option time, the right of TV networks to preempt air time on their affiliates. On May 31 (Memorial Day) Pres. Kennedy places a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknowns in (his soon-to-be new home) Arlington Nat. Cemetery, then stands at the grave of U.S. defense secy. #1 James Forrestal; meanwhile U.S. vice-pres. Johnson tells an audience at the Gettysburg Memorial Battlefield in Penn. that whites and blacks must work together "to lead the way through this moment of challenge and decison"; meanwhile in Tallahassee, Fla. police use tear gas to disperse black students, citing 221 (plus one white) (charges later dismissed), and officials in Memphis, Tenn. bow to a court order to desgregate recreational facitilies, but announce that the public swimming pool will be closed "for the time being" - until Hell freezes over? On May 31 Britain and the U.S. agree to a tenfold increase in mutual currency assistance to guard against speculation and cushion gold losses. On May 31 the Danville Christian Progressive Assoc. (DCPA) is formed by blacks in Danville, Va. (Jefferson Davis' last Confed. capital), declaring a boycott of white merchants and marching to city hall to protest segregation and job discrimination, causing police to attack them with clubs and fire hoses, injuring 40, after which Martin Luther King Jr. visits the High Street Baptist Church and calls it the worst police brutality he has seen in the South; by Sept. 1 after the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) sends organizers to protest at the Howard Johnson Hotel, and a grand jury indicts 13 for violating the 1830 U.S. John Brown Law, 600+ protesters are arrested without changing anything. In May genius-IQ Harvard psychology prof. ("the Pope of Dope") Timothy Leary (1920-96), who tried LSD for the first time a year earlier goes ape over it, claims that a woman experiences multiple orgasms from it, and predicts that 1M people will try it within 10 years, and is kicked out of his position at Harvard U., along with Jewish psychology prof. Richard Alpert (1931-), who later goes to India and returns as guru Baba Ram Dass. In May white British-born high-IQ Am. Nobel Physics Prize winner William Bradford "Bill" Shockley (1910-89) gives a Shocking Speech on Race vs. IQ at Gustavus Adolphus College in Minn. suggesting that the people least competent to survive in the world are reproducing the fastest; a year later he claims in an interview with U.S. News and World Report that U.S. blacks as a group score 15 points lower on IQ tests than U.S. whites, and suggests that the cause is hereditary intellectual inferiority, stirring up a firestorm of controversy - and that therefore black genes are like a computer virus and if you want a better Internet, belong to White America Online with all the Bells and Whistles and Virus Protection, or is there an inverse relationship between IQ and penis size, and evolution is somehow stepping on its own dick? On June 1 Pres. Moise Tshombe of Katanga flees from Elisabethville to the Congolese interior after the Congo govt. issues a warrant for his arrest for plotting to secede. On June 1 after vetoing Britain's entry into the European Common Market, France again registers opposition to them being associated in any way with it. On June 1 600 black children are arrested in Jackson, Miss. as they are marching in downtown. On June 1 after a week of picketing, the city of Philadelphia, Penn. hires four black workers at a school construction project. On June 1 a citizen's court of 2K in a Moscow stadium votes to exile three young unemployed idlers under a 1961 decree authorizing "comradely courts" to expel those who "shun socially useful labor and lead a parasitic way of life". On June 2 after U.S. pressure, Indonesia signs an agreement with three Western oil cos. allowing them to retain control for at least 20 years as part of a gradual nationalization. On June 2 Cuba makes $140M after putting 1M tons of sugar on the world market to take advantage of rising prices, with Soviet permission of course. On June 3 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules in Goss v. Board of Education that a desegregation plan in Tenn. allowing students to transfer from a school where their race is in the minority is unconstitutional, causing William O. Douglas to berate his colleague Hugo L. Black in the courtroom, startling onlookers. On June 3 it is revealed that the Chinese Commies are using the racial troubles in Birmingham, Ala. to recruit non-whites to its brand of Communism and woo them away from the Soviet "peaceful coexistence" policy; meanwhile Ala. gov. George C. Wallace appears on a TV program at the RCA Bldg. in the Rockefeller Center in New York City under heavy police security; on June 4 it is revealed that African students in Moscow are complaining of racial discrimination also. On June 3 an AEC group inspects a nuclear plant in Russia. I'm number 262, and my church smells like PU? On June 3 Pope (since 1958) John XXIII (b. 1881) dies, ending his program of reaching an accommodation with Communist regimes, and on June 21 Cardinal (since 1958) Giovanni Battista Montini is elected Pope (#262) Paul VI (1897-1978), and crowned on June 30; the cardinals bow to the demands of the media and use black (no decision) and white (decision) smoke bombs in the chimney; JFK says that the deceased pope "brought compassion and understanding drawn from wide experience to the most divisive problems of our tumultuous age"; his death slows U.S. efforts to normalize relations with Cardinal Jozsef Mindszenty, er, Hungary. On June 4 after the U.S. Silver Purchase Act of 1934 is repealed, Pres. Kennedy issues Executive Order 11110, allowing the pres. to bypass the Federal Reserve and issue currency, and empowering the U.S. Treasury to issue $4.3B in silver certificates against silver bullion, although the last silver certificates were issued in 1957, and thanks to JFK being conveniently put out of the way 5 mo. later, and LBJ and Nixon not continuing his program, no more are issued until Pres. Reagan rescinds this order by his own Executive Order 12608, amending Executive Order 10289; the day of govt. fiat coins has arrived, threatening the end of the Federal Reserve System and pissing-off the Rothschild family so much that they begin to arrange for JFK's assassination, as proved by LBJ rescinding the executive order on the Air Force One flight from Dallas to Washington, D.C.?; one of many strings leading from the JFK assassination to the hands of godfather David Rockefeller (1915-), CEO of Chase Manhattan Bank, son of John D. Rockefeller Jr.?; in 1964 LBJ utters the soundbyte: "Silver has become too valuable to be used as money." On June 4 after a 49-year struggle with Calif., the state of Ariz. wins a U.S. Supreme Court decision over the right to more water from the Colorado River. On June 4 the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) calls for a time limit to end racial discrimination. What's that profumo smell on your collar, John? The Beatles, the Lady Chatterly Trial, and the Profumo Scandal usher in the modern world in conservative Britain, setting the precedent for later politicians such as Bill Clinton lying to Congress about their virtually endless private sexcapades? On June 5 British Conservative war minister (since 1960) Lord John Dennis Profumo (1915-2006) comes clean and resigns over an untruthful statement ("no impropriety whatever") he made in the House of Commons on Mar. 22 over his short 1961 sex affair with much younger showgirl and call girl Christine Keeler (1943-), while married to "Kind Hearts and Coronets" actress Valerie (Babette Valerie Louise) Hobson (1917-98), rocking the British nation; London osteopath and portrait artist Stephen Thomas Ward (1912-63), who introduced her to him at a party in Cliveden in 1961 commits suicide in Aug. with sleeping pills after being charged with living on immoral earnings; Keeler is found guilty of unrelated perjury charges and sentenced to 9 mo. in prison; on Sept. 25 the Lord Denning Report on the affair is pub.; Keeler is also revealed a relationship with Soviet naval attache (spy) Capt. Yevgeny Mikhailovich "Eugene" "Honeybear" Ivanov (1926-94), who was trying to get Keeler to find out from Profumo when nuclear warheads will be delivered to West Germany, stirring James Bond fantasies; millions become exposed to rumors of high-ups engaging in orgies, drugs, sadomasochism, interracial sex, and homosexuality; the catchphrase "He would say that, wouldn't he?" by Keeler's Welsh showgirl roommate Miss Marilyn "Mandy" Rice-Davies (1944-2014) in court when told that Viscount Astor denies knowing her passes into the language; the scandal is depicted in the 1989 film Scandal, starring John Hurt, Joanne Whalley, and Bridget Fonda; Billy Joel mentions "British politician sex" in his 1989 Billy Joel song We Didn't Start the Fire. On June 5 Australia announces the Cabinet's decision to call the basic unit of the proposed new decimal currency the "royal"; after vocal protests, the name is changed to the dollar in the Australian Currency Act in Oct.; only Eire, Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rhodesia, and the U.K. continue on without decimal currency. On June 5 South Vietnamese troops use gas grenades to end Buddhist demonstrations. On June 5 Jimmy Hoffa and seven others are indicted in Chicago, Ill. for fraudulently obtaining $20M in Teamster loans and taking $1M of it for personal uses. On June 5 Southern Dems. lead a vote in the U.S. House to block establishment of new executive depts. under the 1949 Reorg. Act in order to stop the JFK admin. from setting up a Dept. of Urban Affairs; this doesn't stop JFK from ordering a review of federal construction programs and directing laby secy. William Willard Wirtz to require that young workers be admitted to apprenticeship programs without racial discrimination; he also urges a war on hunger. On June 5 an 8-nation committee appointed by the OAS reports that Cuban-backed Communist subversion in Latin Am. has increased sharply in the last year, and calls for a ban on pro-Commie meetings in Latin Am. along with a ban on travel to Cuba and a new system of inter-Am. cooperation on security. On June 6 a 2nd black student enters the U. of Miss. with no interference or incidents. On June 6 JFK addresses San Diego State College in Calif., slamming "the de facto segregation of the North as well as the proclaimed segregation of the South"; meanwhile union spokesmen in New York City pledge to end discrimination in building trades unions, and on June 8 the U.S. Army begins an effort to hire more black and Puerto Ricans in the New York City area. On June 7 the Rolling Stones make their first TV appearance. On June 7 Iran announces the quashing of a plot against the shah. On June 8 a race riot in Lexington, N.C. between 500 whites and 100 blacks sees one white man killed and 10 white men and seven black teenagers arrested. On June 9 Communist forces led by North Vietnamese officers menace the HQ of Laotian Gen. Kong Le, causing U.S.-made ammo to be parachuted to him. On June 9 JFK addresses the U.S. Conference of Mayors in Honolulu, Hawaii, uttering the soundbye that in this "moment of moral and constitutional crisis", "the time for token moves and idle talk is over", calling for elimination of local segregation ordinances and replacement with equal opportunity ordinances and other positive actions. On June 10 the U.S. Equal Pay Act is passed, making it illegal to pay a woman less than a man for the same job; the wage gap (# of cents less a woman earns for every dollar a man earns) this year is 42 cents, and by 2004 it decreases to 26 cents (half-cent a year); too bad, it is 32 cents for black women and 43 cents for Hispanic women in 2004. On June 10 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 5-4 in Ker v. Calif. that the Fourth Amendment applies to the states via the 14th Amendment. On June 10 JFK delivers his Peace Speech at American U., announcing his intention of ending the Cold War, with the soundbyte: "I have, therefore, chose this time and this place to discuss a topic on which ignorance too often abounds and the truth is too rarely perceived, yet it is the most important topic on Earth: world peace. What kind of peace do I mean? What kind of peace do we seek? Not a Pax Americana enforced on the world by American weapons of war... I am talking about genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on Earth worth living, the kind that enables man and nations to grow and to hope and to build a better life for their children, not merely peace for Americans, but peace for all men and women. Not merely peace in our time but peace for all time", followed by the soundbyte "I speak of peace because of the new face of war. Total war makes no sense in an age when great powers can maintain large and relatively invulnerable nuclear forces and refuse to surrender without resort to those forces. It makes no sense in an age when a single nuclear weapon contains almost ten times the explosive force delivered by all of the allied air forces in the Second World War. It makes no sense in an age when the deadly poisons produced by a nuclear exchange would be carried by the wind and water and soil and seed to the far corners of the globe and to generations unborn", followed by the soundbyte "Some say that it is useless to speak of world peace or world law or world disarmament, and that it will be useless until the leaders of the Soviet Union adopt a more enlightened attitude. I hope they do. I believe we can help them do it. But I also believe that we must reexamine our own attitude, as individuals and as a nation, for our attitude is as essential as theirs. And every graduate of this school, every thoughtful citizen who despairs of war and wishes to bring peace, should begin by looking inward, by examining his own attitude toward the possibilities of peace... Too many of us think it is impossible... But that is a dangerous, defeatist belief. It leads to the conclusion that war is inevitable, that mankind is doomed, that we are gripped by forces we cannot control" - his ass is grass and the MIC has the lawnmower? On June 10 after Aden in S Yemen is amalgamated with the British protectorate to form the Federation of South Arabia, causing rioting and civil war in Yemen, backed by Saudi Arabia, drawing U.N. intervention with a peacekeeping mission, the govt. of Saudi Arabia chills out a little and permits U.S. servicemen of Jewish faith to be stationed in their country. On June 11 Iraq resumes its war against the Kurds after claiming that they started hostilities while negotiations were underway in Baghdad. On June 11 after deploying 825 law enforcement officers, and ignoring pleas from JFK and 46 Philly attys. not to interfere, Ala. gov. George C. Wallace makes his famous Stand in the Schoolhouse Door at Foster Auditorium of the U. of Ala. in Tuscaloosa against federal troops to block school integration by the federal govt.; after turning the Justice Dept. man Nicholas deBelleville "Nick" Katzenbach (1922-2012) (deputy U.S. atty. gen.) back 4x, Wallace is escorted by Nat. Guard Gen. Henry V. Graham (1917-99), and Vivian Malone Jones (1942-2005) and James A. "Jimmy" Hood (1943-) are peacefully admitted, embarrassing racists with their dignity, even though at the time Wallace gets the TV cameras to make it look like he had caused them to back down, declaring "I stood eyeball to eyeball with them and they turned back"; that evening JFK delivers his Civil Rights Address on nat. TV, calling segregation morally wrong, saying that black discontent has produced a "moral crisis", adding that it's "time to act", promising to send sweeping legislation to Congress to speed up school desegregation, with the soundbyte: "Next week I shall ask the Congress of the United States to act, to make a commitment it has not fully made in this century to the proposition that race has no place in American life or law"; meanwhile MLK Jr. assails JFK's civil rights record, and the Am. Jewish Congress calls the policy of gradualism in achieving racial equality a "folly and a failure"; in 1996 Wallace apologizes to Jones and Hood and gives them an award - don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyeballs? On June 11 as the action blazes in Ala., troops are withdrawn from the peaceful integrated U. of Miss. campus. Siddhartha of Gasoline? On June 11 after the Diem regime steps up persecution of Buddhist monks, and hunger strikes fail to stop it, 60-y.-o. Buddhist superior monk Thich Quang Duc (Lam Van Tuc) (b. 1897) sends a message to Diem: "Enforce a policy of religious equality", and then immolates himself to death with gasoline in a main street of Saigon, causing an internat. uproar, and leading to withdrawal of support for Diem by the U.S., on which he was dependent, believing that as a Catholic God was on his side?; on Aug. 5 after thousands of monks are arrested. a 17-y.-o. Buddhist monk immolates himself in Saigon, followed by four more by the end of the mo., causing Diem's brother's wife Madame Nhu (Tran Le Xuan) (1924-2011) to call them "barbecues" and laugh them off; on Aug. 29 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. sends a secret telegram to Dean Rusk saying "We are launched on a course from which there is no respectable turning back, the overthrow of the Diem government." On June 11 after Paul I refuses to call off a state visit to Britain planned for July, where he claims leftists plan to demonstrate for the release of Greek political prisoners, Greek PM (since 1956) Constantine Karamanlis resigns, and on June 17 Paul I appoints Panagiotis Pipinelis (1899-1970) of the Nat. Radical Union to form a caretaker govt.; on Sept. 29 he is succeeded by Stylianos Mavromichalis (1902-81), who is succeeded by eight more PMs by the time of the military dictatorship of 1967 - what was the theme, humiliation? On June 11 MLK Jr. is arrested in Fla. for trying to integrate restaurants. On June 12 black Miss. NAACP leader (a Freemason) Medgar Evers (b. 1925) is fatally shot in the back in front of his Jackson, Miss. home by white KKK sniper Byron De La Beckwith (1920-2001), who scoffs at the law for years before being convicted of murder on Feb. 5, 1994 by last-laughing prosecutor Bobby DeLaughter (1954-) and receiving a life sentence; meanwhile the killing causes mass protests by blacks, and 158 arrests - I love my job, I love my pay, I love it more and more each day? On June 12 Commies burn a U.S.-owned warehouse in Caracas, Venezuela, and on June 13 pres. Romulo Betancourt announces that an assassination attempt has been foiled. On June 14 the Soviets launch Vostok 5, carrying cosmonaut Valery Fydorovich Bykovsky (1934-) for a 5-day 81-orbit space mission, setting a solo flight space endurance record that stands until ?. On June 15 the French hypermarket chain Carrefour is founded in Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois near Paris, going on to grow at a 50% annual rate between 1965-71, and causing a sensation in Apr. 1976 by stripping brand names off 50 basic food products and selling them as "produits libres" at rock-bottom prices, accelerating the change to a Socialist govt.? On June 16 Israeli PM (since 1955) David Ben Gurion resigns, and on June 21 Ukrainian-born finance minister Levi Eshkol (Shkolnik) (1895-1969) becomes Israeli PM #3 (until Feb. 26, 1969), going on to establish diplomatic relations with West Germany in 1965 and cultivate cultural ties with the Soviet Union in an effort to get Soviet Jews permission to immigrate. On June 16-19 Soviet cosmonaut (amateur parachutist) Lt. Valentina Tereshkova (1937-) becomes the first woman in space aboard Vostok VI, orbiting 48x in 78 hours, more than double U.S. astronaut Gordon Cooper's total (22); weeks later Khrushchev attends her wedding; she also becomes the first non-test pilot to orbit. On June 17 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 8-1 in Abington School District v. Schempp to strike down rules requiring the recitation of the Lord's Prayer or reading of Biblical verses in public schools (along with similar laws in four other states, and optional Bible reading laws in 25 states; 11 states had their laws declared unconstitutional by state courts) after primary student Ellery (Ellory) Schempp (1940-) and his Unitarian Universalist father Edward Schempp (1908-2003) (Unitarian-Universalists) protested then sued the Abingdon Township School District in Penn. in 1956 to stop the obligatory reading of 10 verses of the Bible plus the Lord's Prayer on each school day; after founding American Atheists (originally Society of Separationists), Pittsburgh, Penn.-born Madalyn Murray O'Hair (1919-95) ("The most hated woman in America" - Life mag.) enters the spotlight in a parallel case, Murray v. Curlett, seeking to have obligatory Bible reading stopped in Baltimore, where her son William J. "Bill" Murray III (1946-) (who later becomes a Baptist minister) is enrolled; the two cases are combined, and Schempp's case is chosen as primary because Unitarians are a larger group than Atheists; Bible teaching is still okay as long as it is "taught objectively as part of a secular program", but fears of the ACLU plus growing illiteracy result in only 8% of U.S. public schools offering Bible courses by the end of the cent.; Charles Lee Smith, pres. of the Am. Assoc. for the Advancement of Atheism and ed. of The Truth Seeker mag. donates $5K to O'Hair, which backfires later when he dies and she tries to take it over until a judge stops her. On June 17 Bolivia withdraws from the OAS because of its "mishandling" of its border dispute with Chile. On June 18 3K blacks boycott public schools in Boston, Mass. On June 20 after agreeing on Mar. 26 to do it to "immediately reduce the danger of accidental war", the U.S. and Soviet Union sign an agreement in Geneva to set up a Moscow-Washington, D.C. Hot Line communications link; in Aug. the Nat. Communications System is created to respond to "all conditions, ranging from a normal situation to nat. emergencies and internat. crises incl. nuclear attack"; the hot line becomes operational on Aug. 30 but is not used until the Six-Day War of 1967 - it's time to get organized for back to school? On June 21 France announces that it will withdraw from the NATO fleet in the North Atlantic. On June 21 Italian PM (since 1960) Amintore Fanfani resigns, and Giovanni Leone (1908-2001) becomes PM #53 of Italy until Dec. 4, when Aldo Moro (1916-78) succeeds him as PM #54, lasting an uncommonly long 4.5 years (until June 24, 1968). On June 26 (Wed.) during a 4-day visit to Western Germany, JFK visits the Berlin Wall and makes his famous Ich Bin Ein Berliner Speech ("I am a jelly doughnut" - he should have left out the "ein"); after his visit East Germany begins selling antiques and prisoners in an effort to acquire hard currency - he did become a jelly doughnut, on Nov. 22? On June 27 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902-85) is appointed U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam, taking office on Aug. 26 (until June 28, 1964), soon finding out how corrupt the Diem regime is, and later after his fall fails to find a suitable replacement, recommending that the U.S. make South Vietnam a protectorate to avoid having to pull out entirely, ending up serving from Aug 25, 1965 until Apr. 25, 1967. On June 27 Pres. Kennedy begins a 4-day visit to Ireland, starting with his ancestral home in Dunganstown, 4 mi. from New Ross in Wexford County, Leinster, where his great-grandfather came from, becoming the first U.S. pres. of Irish stock to visit Ireland - does Kennedy really mean handsome in Gaelic, like Kenneth does, or does it mean ugly head, and if so, which head do they mean? On June 27 the beagles Him and Her are born to vice-pres. Lyndon B. Johnson; after becoming pres. he upsets people with photos showing him picking them up by their long floppy ears. On June 28 Khrushchev tries to copy JFK and visits East Berlin - saying "I am a cheese Danish"? In June a right-wing military coup replaces Juan Bosch as pres. of the Dominican Repub. with a civilian triumvirate. In June Egypt begins using chemical warfare agents against royalist troops in North Yemen, becoming the first state in the Middle East to do so. In the summer JFK sends a written demand to Israel to dismantle their nukes and permit U.S. inspection; they never respond?; ever since Israel intel refuses to warn the U.S. of pending terrorist attacks even though it has infiltrated them, incl. the 1983 Beirut Marine barracks bombing and 9/11? In the summer the 1963 Newport Folk Festival features Peter, Paul and Mary, Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, Tom Paxton, and new El Paso, Tex.-born folk-protest singer Philip David "Phil" Ochs (1940-76). On July 1 sultan (since Oct. 9, 1960) Abdullah bin Khalifa al-Said (b. 1910) dies, and his son Jamshid bin Abdullah Al Said (1929-) becomes sultan #11 (last) of zany Zanzibar (a sultanate since 1806) (until Jan. 12,k 1964), which on Dec. 19 becomes independent from Britain as a constitutional monarchy, causing the last British troops to pull out; too bad, this allows the leftists a free hand in plotting a takeover, and the new British Commonwealth member lasts 33 days. Jamshid bin Abdullah bin Khalifa (1929-64), becomes sultan #11 (last) of zany Zanzibar (a sultanate since 1806), which on Dec. 19 becomes independent from Britain as a constitutional monarchy, causing the last British troops to pull out; too bad, this allows the leftists a free hand in plotting a takeover, and the new British Commonwealth member lasts 33 days. On July 1 the U.S. Post Office under orders of postmaster-gen. Edward Day inaugurates its five-digit ZIP (Zoning Improvement Plan) codes, complete with ads featuring Ethel Merman singing the Disney song "Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah"; postal worker Robert Aurand "Mr. ZIP" Moon (1917-2001) developed the idea in the 1940s in Philadelphia, Penn., with three digits; acceptance is initially slow until the cartoon character Mister Zip is used to sell it; by 2000 it's up to nine digits - first take away the gold-silver backing of money, then reduce every location and ultimately every person to a number in a government Big Brother computer, so people can conveniently be erased, then do ditto to their knowledge of history? On July 4 naturalization ceremonies begin to be held annually in Monticello, Va. On July 8 the U.S. Cuban Assets Control Regulations are issued by the U.S. govt. under the 1917 U.S. Trading with the Enemy Act, requiring Americans trading with Cuba to main records and provide them to the U.S. Treasury Dept. on request, providing criminal penalties of up to 10 years in prison, $1M in corporate fines, and $250K in individual fines, with up to $55K per violation civil penalties; on Sept. 29 Newsweek accuses Repub. U.S. pres. candidate Donald Trump of spending $68K in 1968 to explore business opportunities in Cuba in violation of the regs. On July 11 at the Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia near Johannesburg 19 ANC leaders are arrested, incl. Nelson Mandela, who lived there since Oct. 1961 masquerading as gardener-cook David Motsamayi ("the walker"), after which on Nov. 26 the Rivonia Trial of 10 ANC leaders for 221 acts of sabotage to "ferment violent revolution" begins (ends June 12, 1964). On July 12 French pres. Charles de Gaulle says that "Treaties are like roses and young girls: they last while they last." On July 12 the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rules that the city of Birmingham, Ala. must immediately begin integrating its schools based on a lawsuit filed in 1957 by barber James Armstrong Sr., whose children had been denied admission to all-white Graymont Elementary School. On July 26 a 50 mph speed limit is introduced in Britain. On July 26 (4:17 a.m.) a 6.1 earthquake in Skopje, Macedonia (Yugoslavia) kills 1,070+, injures 3K-4K, leaves 200K homeless, and destroys 75%-80% of the city, after which dozens of countries rush in to help rebuild, causing Skopje to be nicknamed "City of Internat. Solidarity"; Pablo Picasso donates his 1963 painting "Head of a Woman" for the relief effort; "I have this thesis that the rebuilding of Skopje kind of saved the world in the 1960s and 1970s." - Milan Mijalkovic. On July 26 JFK gives a radio-TV address announcing the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, drafted by MIT engineer Jerome "Bert" Wiesner (1915-94) (chmn. of the President's Science Advisory Committee since Feb. 1961), which is signed in Moscow on Aug. 6 by the U.S., U.K., and Soviet Union after eight years of negotiations, banning above-ground nuclear testing, also underwater and in outer space; too bad, on July 29 Charles de Gaulle announces that France will not sign it; with the help of a public campaign, JFK prevails on the Senate to ratify it; within a few mo. 100+ other govts. also sign it except France and the People's Repub. of China; meanwhile JFK engages in secret negotiations with Cuba seeking an accommodation. On July 28 Fernando Belaunde (Belaúnde) Terry (1912-2002) becomes pres. #85 of Peru (until Oct. 3, 1968), promising agrarian reform; too bad, peasant occupation of cultivated lands causes him to use the army on them, killing 8K and leaving 20K homeless; meanwhile he launches several public works projects incl. a highway linking the Pacific coast with Amazonas and San Martin, and a Peruvian Nat. Bank. In July the Lake Pontchartrain Training Camp on the N shore near Lacombe, La. for Cuban expatriate guerrillas is run by Cuban expatriate Richard Rudolph Davis; JFK orders the FBI to shut it down? In July the CIA pub. the secret KUBARK Counterintelligence Interogation Manual for use in Vietnam, teaching "coercive techniques" incl. "threats and fear", "pain" (electric shocks), and "debility" (isolation and sensory deprivation); in 1983 they pub. the Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual; adopted by the Church of Scientology for brainwashing of members? On Aug. 7 4 lb. 10 oz. Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, the youngest child of Pres. Kennedy and Jackie is born 5-1/2 weeks prematurely at Otis AFB Hospital in Falmouth, Mass.; Jackie requires two units of blood after giving birth via Caesarean section; he dies on Aug. 9 after 1.5 days of hyaline membrane disease (respiratory distress syndrome), sparking public awareness and research, and reducing the overall mortality to 15%; after hearing the news, Lee Harvey Oswald sobs, according to his wife Marina. On Aug. 8 (3:00 a.m.) the night Royal Mail train in England is robbed by 15 men at Bridego Railway Bridge in Ledburn near Mentmore in Buckinghamshire en route to London of £2.6M in banknotes, and sensationalized as the Great Train Robbery; after their hideous at Leatherslade Farm is didsovered, most of the gang is arested, and next Apr. 16 12 men are sentenced to a total of 307 years; the bulk of the loot is never recovered. On Aug. 12 after one-sidedly joining (not waiting for a reply to his application) the Fair Play for Cuba Committee on May 26 (founded in 1960 by Vincent T. Lee), then renting an office at 544 Camp St. in New Orleans, La., where he prints out 1K flyers and begins handing them out on Aug. 9 (along with Ted Cruz's father Rafael Cruz?), Lee Harvey Oswald is accosted on the street by Cuban-born anti-Castro leader Carlos Bringuier (1934-) and members of his militant CIA-financed anti-Castro anti-JFK Cuban exile group Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil (DRE), causing a publicized street fight which gets him arrested, a $10 fine on Aug. 12, and mucho publicity, along with a jail visit by FBI agent John Lester Quigley (who destroys his interview notes), and results in a radio interview on Aug. 17 on the Bill Stuckey Radio Show, where Oswald debates Bringuier (who shares Oswald's office and is later found in possession of Oswald's Marine guidebook) and claims that he's not a Communist but a Marxist-Leninist; funny, Oswald's and Bringuier's office at 544 Camp St. is across a hallway from 531 Lafayette St. (same bldg.), the offices of La.-born right-wing racist ex-FBI agent William Guy Banister (1900-64), causing later suspicions of a plot between all three to assassinate pinko JFK; George E. Joannides (1922-90) is the CIA case officer overseeing the DRE, after which in 1978 Joannides is made the CIA liaison to the House Select Committee on Assassinations without telling them of his role, and later in 2003-? the CIA fights in federal court to keep hundreds of documents about its dealings with the group secret. On Aug. 15 a military coup overthrows Fulbert Youlou, and he is succeeded by Alphonse Massamba-Debat (Massamba-Débat) (1921-77) as pres. #2 of the Repub. of the Congo (Brazzaville) (until Sept. 4, 1968), who rules a 1-party state; too bad, he goes Marxist, causing Red China, the Soviet Union, and Cuba to come knocking seeking influence, while France retains its role as trade partner with private enterprise continuing. On Aug. 18 James Meredith becomes the first black to graduate from the U. of Miss. On Aug. 18 after the King's Bay Affair, a series of mining accidents at Svalbard, the Labor Party is ousted in Norway for the first time in 28 years, and King Olav V asks Conservative Party leader John Daniel Lyng (1905-78) to become PM; on Aug. 27 he forms a 4-party coalition; too bad, it only lasts to Sept. 25, but it gives them ideas? On Aug. 21 the South Vietnamese Army arrests 100+ Buddhist monks in Saigon; on Aug. 24 Pres. Kennedy allows a cable to be sent to ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. in Vietnam that backs a military coup against Pres. Diem; on Aug. 26 orders come from Washington to destroy all cables sent to Saigon back to Aug 24. On Aug. 27 Rev. Gerald M.C. Fitzgerald, head of the Servants of the Holy Paraclete in N.M. writes a letter to Pope Paul VI recommending the removal of pedophile priests from active ministry and defrocking of repeat offenders; he never reads it?; it is released during a $660M lawsuit against the archdiocese of Los Angeles in 2007. On Aug. 28 the Great March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in Washington, D.C. organized by Bayard Rustin (1912-87) sees Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68) deliver his I Have a Dream Speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to 200K while NBC-TV preempts daytime programming to provide live coverage; MLK Jr. calls the U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence "a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir"; "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character"; ends with "Free at last!"; white actors Marlon Brando, James Garner, and Burt Lancaster attend, along with black actors Sidney Poitier and Harry Belafonte; longtime civil rights leader ("Godmother of the Civil Rights Movement") Dorothy Irene Height (1912-2010) stands on the platform with King during the speech, later saying she is disappointed that he didn't mention women's rights; folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary sing If I Had a Hammer, and Mary has an "apotheosis"; good friend Sammy Davis Jr. stands in front of the podium. On Aug. 28 the Career Girls Murders sees Emily Hofert and Janet Wylie murder in their Upper East Side, Manhattan, New York City apt. by white intruder Richard Robles, who is arrested in 1965 after black man George Whitmore is framed and imprisoned. On Aug. 30 Gen. Park Chung-hee of South Korea officially retires from the military, and on Aug. 31 his Dem. Repub. Party (DRP) announces elections for Oct. 15, giving rival parties only 1 mo. to pick candidates and launch campaigns; on Oct. 15 pres. elections give Park a V over Posun Yun with 47% of the vote; on Oct. 26 legislative elections give his new Dem. Repub. Party a majority in the new unicameral parliament. On Aug. 31 Singapore, Sarawak, and North Borneo (Sabah) declare independence, and on Sept. 16 they and Singapore join Malaya to form the Federation of Malaysia, with Sir Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (1903-90), son of the 24th sultan of Kedah as PM #1 (until Sept. 22, 1970); meanwhile the Philippines (which claims North Bornea as its territory of Sulu) steps up diplomatic tension, and just when he's needed Ferdinand Marcos emerges as leader of the Philippine Senate. In Aug.-Sept. Lee Harvey Oswald is seen in cahoots with New Orleans gay businessman Clay Laverne Shaw (1913-74) and gay pilot David William Ferrie (1918-67) in Clinton, La.?; after his arrest in Dallas, Ferrie's library card is allegedly found by the police on Oswald according to Jack Martin, but an investigation comes up with nada until after Ferrie's death, when Oswald's landlady and a former neighbor tell investigators working for Jim Garrison that Ferrie had visited them after the assassination and asked about his library card. In Aug. 1963-Mar. 1966 Pres. Kennedy allegedly orders the top secret Iron Mountain Study by an anon. 15-person Special Study Group on how to bring the U.S. into a socialist New World Order, done in an underground nuclear bunker called Iron Mountain in N.Y. ; in 1967 The Report from Iron Mountain on the Possibility and Desirability of Peace is pub. by Dial Press, becoming a NYT bestseller; its secret govt. panel concluded that war or a credible substitute is necessary for govts. to maintain power; the jury is still out as to whether it's genuine or a hoax? On Sept. 1 (Sun.) the Beatles make their first U.S. TV appearance on ABC-TV's Big Night Out; meanwhile American Bandstand moves to Calif. and switches to Sat. On Sept. 2 Ala. Gov. George Wallace prevents the integration of Tuskegee High School by ordering it encircled by state troopers; the feds win on Sept. 10 when Pres. Kennedy federalizes the Ala. Nat. Guard, and 20 black students enter the school. On Sept. 2 JFK holds an interview with Walter Cronkite of CBS-TV, answering questions about the Vietnam War, uttering the soundbyte "With changes in policy and perhaps with personnel I think it can" be won; he holds another interview on Sept. 9, with the soundbyte "I don't think that unless a greater effort is made by the government to win popular support that the war can be won out there", and "In the final analysis, it is their war. They are the ones who have to win it or lose it. We can help them, we can give them equipment, we can send our men out there as advisors, but they have to win it, the people of Vietnam, against the Communists"; after referring to "the end of the tunnel" and the fact that the situation goes back 10 years, he concludes with "We can't carry out a direct assault on the government, we have to deal with the government that is there", and endorses the Domino Theory. On Sept. 7 Fidel Castro grants an interview to a U.S. reporter in the Brazilian embassy in Havana, and states that the leaders of the U.S. govt. would not be safe if they continue their efforts to kill him. On Sept. 9 a landslide at Vaiont Dam in Italy causes the lake to empty, killing 3K-4K. On Sept. 9 John Cage and Welsh musician John Cale give an 18-hour performance (first-ever) of Erik Satie's "Vexations", after which Cale goes on "I've Got a Secret" with the only audience member who sat through the whole thing. On Sept. 10 after JFK federalizes the Ala. Nat. Guard to end a standoff with gov. George Wallace, 20 black students enter public schools in Birmingham, Tuskegee, and Mobile. On Sept. 10 Am. Express launches its first credit cards in the U.K. On Sept. 10 the comic book series The X-Men is debuted by Marvel Comics, created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, about mutants with superhuman abilities, led by Professor X (Charles Xavier) of the School for Gifted Youngsters in X-Mansion, Westchester County, N.Y., incl. Archangel (Angel), Beast, Cyclops, Iceman, Marvel Girl (Jean Grey), and Wolverine. On Sept. 12 the Treaty of Ankara is signed, reducing duties and implicitly recognizing Turkey's right to join the European Economic Community (EEC). On Sept. 13 after environmentalist efforts to stop it fail, the last bucket of concrete is poured on the 710-ft.-tall 1.3M KW Glen Canyon Dam (begun 1956) on the Colorado River on the Ariz.-Utah border above the Grand Canyon (begun 1956) to form Lake Powell (named after Civil War vet John Wesley Powell, who explored the Colorado River in 1869), causing complaints about losing the canyon, side canyons, flow to the Grand Canyon etc. in order to light up Sin City Las Vegas, Nev. and irrigate desert golf courses; First Lady Lady Bird Johnson dedicates it on Sept. 22, 1966; over 1M acre ft. of water ends up wasted annually by evaporation and seepage from the desert lake, while historically the Colo. River has busted through much bigger lava dams? On Sept. 14 Mary Ann Fischer of Aberdeen, S.D. gives birth to the first surviving quintuplets in the U.S. On Sept. 14 (Sat.) Gene Roddenberry's first series The Lieutenant debuts on NBC-TV for 29 episodes (until Apr. 18, 1964), starring Gary Lockwood (John Gary Yurosek) (1937-) as UMC 2nd Lt. William Tiberius Rice, whose first assignment is with a rifle platoon at Camp Pendleton in peacetime. On Sept. 15 PM Ahmed Ben Bella becomes pres. #1 of Algeria (until 1965), and begins nationalizing foreign holdings and engaging in Socialist rhetoric, pissing-off the military, causing his days to be numbered. The deadliest act of the U.S. civil rights era? On Sept. 15 (Sun.) (10:22 a.m.) the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) bombs the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Ala., killing four young black girls (Addie Mae Collins, 14, Carole Robertson, 14, Cynthia Wesley, 14 and Denise McNair, 11) as they prepare their Sunday school lesson "The love that forgives", and injuring 22; U.S. secy. of state Condoleezza Rice, daughter of Rev. John Rice had played with them; MLK Jr. calls it "one of the most vicious and tragic crimes ever perpetrated against humanity"; later on the same day James Ware (16) and his brother Virgil (14) are shot at while bicycling home, and Virgil dies; in 1977 Robert Edward "Dynamite Bob" Chambliss (1904-85) is convicted of the bombing; Thomas Edwin Blanton Jr. (1938-) is convicted in 2001; Bobby Frank Cherry (1930-2004) is convicted in May 2002; Herman Frank Cash (1918-94) is a suspect. On Sept. 15 (Sun.) the crime-legal drama series Arrest and Trial debuts on ABC-TV for 30 episodes (until Sept. 6, 1964), set in Los Angeles, Calif., starring Ben Gazzara (Biagio Anthony Gazzarra) (1930-2012) as Det. Sgt. Nick Anderson, and Roger Perry (1933-) as Det Sgt. Dan Kirby, who track down and capture a suspect, after which he is defended by atty. John Egan, played by Kevin Joseph "Chuck" Connors (1921-92). On Sept. 16 (Mon.) the medical drama Breaking Point debuts on ABC-TV for 30 episodes (until Apr. 27, 1964) as a spinoff of "Ben Casey", sarring Paul Richards (Paul Richard Levitt) (1924-74) as York Hospital chief psychiatrist Dr. McKinley Thompson ("Dr. Mac") in Los Angeles, Calif., and Eduard Franz (Schmidt) (1902-83) as clinic dir. Dr. Edward Raymer; episode 4 features Robert Redford in one of his last TV roles. On Sept. 16 (Mon.) the B&W TV series The Outer Limits by Leslie A. Stevens III (1924-98) debuts on ABC-TV for 49 episodes (until Jan. 15, 1965), featuring episodes written by Harlan Jay Ellison (1934-) that are later used by James Cameron for his 1984 film "The Terminator"; on Oct. 14 David McCallum appears in episode #5 The Sixth Finger with pointy ears, which are later copied by Leonard Nimoy in "Star Trek"; the opening shows an oscilloscope screen with "Control Voice" Vic Perrin (1916-89) saying: "There is nothing wrong with your television set. Do not attempt to adjust the picture. We are controlling transmission"; too bad, all the aliens are mean, sinister, and scary? On Sept. 16 the New York Daily Mirror, #2 U.S. newspaper in circulation (founded in 1924 by William Randolph Hearst) ceases pub., becomig a victim of the 114-day 1962 New York City newspaper strike. On Sept. 17 (Tues.) The Fugitive debuts on ABC-TV for 120 episodes (until Aug. 29, 1967), starring David Janssen (David Harold Meyer) (1932-80) as wrongly-convicted on-the-run wife-murderer Dr. Richard Kimble, who chases the one-armed man (played by Billy Raisch) while being tracked by Police Lt. Philip Gerard, played by Herbert "Barry" Morse (1918-2008); in season 4 it switches to color; Diane Brewster, who played Miss Canfield in "Leave It to Beaver" plays murdered wife Helen Kimble in flashbacks; Janssen becomes the first actor to receive major residual earnings, causing his income to skyrocket from $55K to $4.5M in one year. On Sept. 18 (Wed.) (10:00 p.m.) the hour-long drama series Channing (The Young and the Bold) debuts on ABC-TV for 26 episodes (until Apr. 8, 1964), starring Jason (Herb) Evers (1922-2005) as Channing College prof. Joseph Howe, and Henry Burk Jones (1912-99) as Dean Henry Jones. On Sept. 18 (Wed.) The Patty Duke Show debuts on ABC-TV for 104 episodes (until Apr. 27,, 1966), starring up-and-coming 17-y.-o. star Anna Marie "Patty" Duke (1946-) as identical cousins Patty and Cathy Lane, whose fathers are identical twin brothers, and who end up living together in Brooklyn Heights, N.Y.; William Joseph Schallert (1922-) plays Patty's father Martin Lane, plus Cathy's father whatsisname; the episodes are written by Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), and the show is filmed in New York because of child labor laws; the Patty Duke Theme features the lyrics "Meet Cathy, who's lived most everywhere, from Zanzibar to Berkeley Square. But Patty's only seen the sights a girl can see from Brooklyn Heights, what a crazy pair. But they're cousins, identical cousins all the way, one pair of matching bookends, different as night and day. Where Cathy adores a minuet, the Ballets Russes, and Crepes Suzette, our Patty loves to rock & roll, a hot dog makes her lose control, what a wild duet. Still they're cousins, identical cousins, and you'll find they laugh alike, they walk alike, at times they even talk alike. You can lose your mind when cousins are two of a kind." On Sept. 18 the Soviet Union buys 58.5M barrels of cereal from Australia. On Sept. 19 the first gay rights demonstration in the U.S. takes place in New York City at the Whitehall Induction Center, protesting against discrimination in the military - I'm old enough to kill and die, so I'm old enough to you know what? On Sept. 19 (Thur.) the Western series ("Perry Mason out West") Temple Houston debuts on NBC-TV for 26 episodes (until Apr. 2, 1964), becoming the first Western with an atty. as the main char., starring Jeffrey "Jeff" Hunter (Henry Herman "Hank" McKinnies Jr.) (1926-69), who plays real-life flamboyant gunfighting circuit-riding lawyer Temple Lea Houston (1860-1905), son of Sam Houston. On Sept. 20 in a speech to the U.N. General Assembly, Pres. Kennedy proposes a joint U.S.-Soviet expedition to the Moon, then stays at the Carlyle Hotel and has the Secret Service smuggle him a "leggy babe" - big chance missed? On Sept. 20 Burke's Law debuts on ABC-TV for 81 episodes (until Jan. 12, 1966), starring Gene Barry (1919-2009) as Los Angeles millionaire Amos Burke, who solves crimes in his Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud while dispensing prof. wisdom, e.g., "Never ask a question unless you already know the answer: Burke's Law"; the title of each episode starts with "Who Killed"; Anne Francis appears as femme detective Honey West, spawning her own series from Sept. 17, 1965 to Apr. 8, 1966. On Sept. 20 (Fri.) the sitcom The Farmer's Daughter debuts on ABC-TV for 101 episodes (until Apr. 22, 1966), sponsored by Lark brand cigarettes and Clairol hair coloring preps, and starring Inger Stevens (1934-70) as Katrin "Katy" Holstrum, housekeeper for widowed Minn. Congressman Glen Morley, played by William Windom (1923-2012), who finally get married on the show on Nov. 1, 1965, after which ratings tank. On Sept. 21 (Sat.) the variety show The Jerry Lewis Show debuts on ABC-TV for 63 episodes (until Dec. 21, then Sept. 12, 1967-May 27, 1969), starring Jerry Lewis (Joseph Levitch) (1926-). On Sept. 22 (Sun.) the comedy series The Bill Dana Show debuts on NBC-TV for 42 episodes (until Jan. 17, 1965) as a spinoff of "Make Room for Daddy", starring Hungarian-Jewish-Am. "The Ed Sullivan Show" regular Bill Dana (William Szathmary) (1924-) as Bolivian New York hotel bellhop "My Name" Jose Jimenez. On Sept. 22 armed mounted police ride into a memorial service at the Little Union Baptist Church in Shreveport, La. (where MLK Jr. delivered a sermin in 1962) for the four little girls killed in Birmingham, Ala., beating Shreveport NAACP pres. Rev. Henry Blake. On Sept. 23 (Mon.) the drama series East Side/West Side debuts on CBS-TV for 26 episodes (until Apr. 27, 1964), starring George Campbell Scott (1927-99) as New York City social worker Neil Brock, whose black secy. Jane Foster (Cicely Tyson) shocks white audiences by wearing her hair in cornrows, along with scripts investigating sin in the Big Apple; Barbara Feldon plays his babe; too bad, it is relegated to the Mon. 10 p.m. time slot opposite Mitch Miller, and lasts only one season. On Sept. 24 (Tue.) the drama series Mr. Novak debuts on NBC-TV for 60 episodes (until Aug. 31, 1965), starring James Grover Franciscus (1934-91) as John Novak, a first-year English teacher at Jefferson H.S. in Los Angeles, and Dean Jeffries Jagger (1903-91) as Principal Albert Vane; in episode 44 Vane is promoted to supt. of public instruction, and is replaced by Martin Woolridge, played by Oliver Burgess Meredith (1907-97). On Sept. 24 (Tue.) Petticoat Junction debuts on CBS-TV for 222 episodes (until Apr. 4, 1970), set in the Shady Rest Hotel 25 mi. from the farming town of Hooterville on the CF&W Railroad line, 25 mi. from Pixley the other way, run by Bea Benaderet (1906-68) (as Kate Bradley) and Edgar Buchanan (1903-79) (as Uncle Joe Carson), with Kate's bodacious daughters Jeannine Riley (1940-) (as blonde Billie Joe), Pat Woodell (1944-) (as brunette Bobbie Joe), and Linda Kaye Henning (1944-) (daughter of series creator Paul Henning) (as redhead Betty Jo); Billie Jo is later played by Gunilla Hutton (1944-) and Meredith MacRae (1944-2000), and Bobbie Joe is later played by Lori Saunders (1941-); the sisters have a dog called Dog, played by Higgins (1957-75), who later stars in the film "Benji"; Smiley Burnette (1911-67) and Rufe Davis (1908-74) play Hooterville Cannonball engineer Charley Pratt and conductor Floyd Smoot; Frank Cady (1915-) plays Sam Drucker, owner of Drucker's Store, which gives farmers credit, unlike those in Pixley; Mike Minor (1939-) plays handsome crop duster Steve Elliott starting in season 4, and ends up marrying Linda on the show and in real life; as the political upheavals and social changes of the 1960s unfold, behind-the-scenes-Jew-knows CBS-TV and later ABC-TV let viewers hide their heads in the sand with an increasing stable of safe, conservative, lily-white, small-town, corny retro "hillbilly" shows like this, then in 1970 suddenly axe them all in favor of what they really want, super-liberal social engineering fare; meanwhile NBC-TV plays the weathercock and rabbit with "Star Trek", "Laugh-In", "The Flip Wilson Show", et al., and ABC-TV plays loss leader with "The Mod Squad", et al.? On Sept. 25 (Wed.) the variety show The Danny Kaye Show debuts on CBS-TV for 120 episodes (until June 28, 1967), starring Danny Kaye (David Daniel Kaminsky) (1911-87), switching to color in 1965. On Sept. 26 Lee Harvey Oswald travels to Mexico on a Continental Trailways bus, checking into the Hotel del Comercio in Mexico City (a HQ for pro-Castro activities) for five nights on Sept. 27, visiting the Cuban embassy in Mexico City on Sept. 27 (11 a.m.) and asking for a visa to Cuba for Sept. 30, after which he planned to move back to the Soviet Union, using newspaper clippings of his arrest in New Orleans to back him up, after which he is sent to the Soviet embassy to get an official clearance for travel to the Soviet Union, is told it will take several mo., and when he returns to the Cuban embassy he lies and tells them he was already cleared, is found out and expelled; did the CIA tell Oswald he was to go to Cuba to assassinate Castro?; Oswald has a brief affair with consulate employee Silvia Duran; the CIA station chief in Mexico City (since 1956) is Winston Scott (1909-); David Atlee Phillips (1922-88) is #3 there, and is fingered by E. Howard Hunt in his 2007 deathbed statement as a JFK assassination plotter; on Nov. 25 23-y.-o. Nicaraguan-born Gilberto Alvarado (1940-) tells Scott that when Oswald visited the Cuban embassy he received $6.5K-$7K from a red-haired black man, which causes J. Edgar Hoover to tell his good friend, Washington, D.C. neighbor for 19 years, and fellow Freemason LBJ about it on Nov. 29 and surmise that the JFK assassination was a Cuban plot, but decide that Oswald must be proven to be a lone nut too explain why he, er, the FBI couldn't protect JFK; CIA counter-intel chief James Jesus Angleton (1917-87) (known for his thick black eyeglasses) suspects that Oswald was in Mexico City to meet with his KGB handlers to finalize his plans for assassinating JFK; it was really an Oswald impersonator?; after the assassination the CIA begins a disinfo. campaign to link Oswald with Castro, causing LBJ to get J. Edgar Hoover to help him shut them down?; either way the affair shows that Oswald wasn't just a lone nut, but was a VIP with the CIA? On Sept. 27 (Fri.) (10:59 a.m.) the U.S. census clock reaches 190M pop. On Sept. 26-Oct. 12 Hurricane Flora forms SW of the Cape Verde Islands then reaches Category 3, killing 6K in Haiti and Cuba and 7K-8K total. On Sept. 28 (Sat.) the animated series Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales debuts on CBS-TV for ? episodes (until Sept. 3, 1966) as a sequel to "King Leonardo", starring Tennessee Tuxedo the Penguin (voided by Don Adams) and his best friend Chumley the Walrus (voiced by Bradley Bolke), who live at the Magapolis Zoo run by dir. Stanley Livingstone (voiced by Mort Marshall) and his asst. Flunky (voiced by kenny Delmar) after being discovered by Stanley at the South Pole, fighting gangster Rocky Maninoff (voiced by Jackson Beck), who orders the "bo-bos" what to do at the point of his "violin". On Sept. 29 the Second Session of Vatican II is opened by Pope Paul VI, who appeals for Christian unity; on Dec. 4 the session ends after authorizing the use of vernacular languages in the Mass and sacraments. On Sept. 29 (Sun.) The Judy Garland Show debuts on CBS-TV for 26 episodes (until Mar. 29, 1964), starring world's greatest female singer Judy Garland (Frances Ethel Gumm) (1922-69), and comedian Jerry Van Dyke (1931-) (brother of Dick Van Dyke); too bad, it has to compete with "Bonanza", and lasts only 1 season. On Sept. 29 (Sun.) My Favorite Martian debuts on CBS-TV for 107 episodes (until May 1, 1966), starring Ray Walston (1914-2001) as Uncle Martin the Martian AKA Exigius 12-1/2, and Bill Bixby (1934-93) as human Tim O'Hara; in 1965 it is shown in color. On Sept. 29 (Sun.) the Western series The Travels of Jamiie McPheeters debuts on ABC-TV for 26 episodes (until Mar. 15, 1964), based on the 1958 novel by Robert Lewis Taylor, starring Kurt Vogel Russell (1951-) as Jaimie, Daniel Peter "Dan" O'Herlihy (1919-2005) as his alcoholic-gambleholic father "Doc" Sardius McPheeters, and Michael Witney (Whitney Michael Armstrong) (1931-83) (first 14 episodes) and Charles Bronson (Charles Dennis Buchinsky) (1921-2003) as the wagon masters Buck Coulter and Linc Murdock, becoming breakthrough roles for Russell and Bronson; each episode begins with the title "The Day of...". In Sept. the U.S. federal mininum wage is set at $1.25 an hour. In Sept. Cuban exile Antonio Veciana allegedly meets in Dallas with Lee Harvey Oswald and intelligence agent "Maurice Bishop"; on Mar. 3, 1964 CIA dir. (1961-5) John Alexander McCone allegedly sends a confidential memorandum to U.S. Secret Service dir. (1961-73) James Joseph Rowley (1908-92) confirming that Oswald is a CIA agent; meanwhile after she is introduced to the Oswalds at a party in Feb. by CIA man George De Mohrenschildt, and her hubby suddenly decides to leave her and move into an apt. in Dallas, in Sept. liberal Quaker Russian student Ruth Hyde Paine (1932-) drives from the Va. home of her sister Sylvia (who works for the CIA) to pick up Marina Oswald and her daughter and drive them to her home in Irving, Tex. to live with her, claiming she will help her Russian studies; Oswald allegedly stores his Carcano rifle in her garage; Ruth's father also works for the JFK-hating CIA; her hubby Michael Paine (1928-), whose stepfather Arthur Young invented the Bell helicopter worked for Bell Helicopter in Ft. Worth since 1958; Ruth's mother is related to the Forbes family in Boston, Mass., and her lifelong friend Mary Bancroft (1903-97) was a WWII spy and the mistress of Allen Dulles, after which Dulles becomes the one to question the Paines in front of the Warren Commission to avoid asking revealing questions, and their income tax returns are classified as secret; meanwhile in late Sept. Lee Harvey Oswald (a CIA double?) takes a bus to Mexico City, where he attempts to get a visa to Cuba, and returns on Oct. 3 after being rebuffed, then returns to Dallas, getting a job on Oct. 16 at the Texas School Book Depository through Ruth Hyde Paine (a CIA agent who is later magically protected from her name becoming mud?), filling orders for books by publisher Scott-Foresman; the depository has been owned since the 1930s by Tex. oil baron David Harold "Dry Hole" Byrd (1900-86), cousin of explorer Richard E. Byrd and his brother Harry F. Byrd, "the leader of conservative opinion in the United States", who founds the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) six days before the Dec. 6, 1941 Pearl Harbor attack; in early Nov. just before JFK's assassination Byrd leaves for a 2-mo. safari in Africa with USAF U.S. Gen. James Harold "Jimmy" Doolittle (1896-1993), and when he returns in Jan. his good buddy LBJ is in the White House, and in Feb. his Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV) aircraft co. (founded 1961) is awarded a large defense contract to build A-7 Corsair II fighter planes, paid out of the 1965 budget not yet approved by Congress; in May 1964 Byrd has the "Oswald window" removed and kept as part of his estate. On Oct. 1 Nigeria adopts a repub. form of govt., with Benjamin Nnamdi (Igbo "My father is alive") "Zik" Azikiwe (1904-96) as pres. #1 (until Jan. 16, 1966). On Oct. 2 U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara (a Repub.) returns from a tour of Vietnam, which is being called "McNamara's War", and tells Pres. Kennedy in a cabinet meeting that "We need a way to get out of Vietnam", and suggests replacing the 16K U.S. advisors with Canadians within two years (end of 1965); 1K are pulled out by the end of 1963, until the Diem Coup changes everything? On Oct. 2 West German chancellor Konrad Adenauer condemns Western grain shipments to the Soviet Union. On Oct. 2-6 the Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) defeat the New York Yankees (AL) 4-0 in the Sixtieth (60th) World Series, becoming the first team to never trail an inning (2nd time 1966 Orioles, 3rd time 1989 A's, 4th time 2004 Red Sox); the Yankees are the first team to win more than 100 games in the regular season and win no games in the World Series (2nd time is the Cardinals in 2004); the first time that the Yankees are swept in a WS in four games (in 1922 they are swept with one tie); Elston Gene Howard (1929-80), the first black player in New York Yankees history (1955) becomes the first African-Am. AL MVP; Dodgers pitcher (#32) (since 1955) ("Great Jewish Hope") (lefty) Sandy Koufax (Sanford Braun) (1935-) is named NL MVP, and wins the Cy Young Award, and again in 1965 and 1966, becoming the first 3-time winner, winning the pitcher's triple crown each time; in 1965 he pitches a perfect game, and becomes the first ML pitcher to pitch four no-hitters; too bad, arthritis ends his career, and he makes his last appearance on Oct. 2, 1966. On Oct. 3 U.S.-educated Gen. Oswaldo Lopez Arellano (1921-) becomes pres. of Honduras (until 1971) after seizing power 10 days before scheduled elections. On Oct. 3 the first UNIVAC I universal automatic computer (delivered to the U.S. govt. in 1951 to help with the census) is retired with full honors after 73K hours of operation; it ends up in the Smithsonian Inst. On Oct. 3 "Dean of American Newsmen" Arthur Bernard Krock (1886-1974) pub. The Intra-Administration War in Vietnam With High Frequency Disorderly Government in the New York Times, with the soundbyte: "The CIA's growth was 'likened to a malignancy' which the 'very high official was not even sure the White House could control... any longer.' 'If the United States ever experiences [an attempted coup to overthrow the government] it will come from the CIA and not the Pentagon. The agency 'represents a tremendous power and total unaccountability to anyone.'" On Oct. 4 the anthology series Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre debuts on NBC-TV for 107 episodes (until May 17, 1967), hosted by Bob Hope, who receives $25K to host an episode, and $500K to star in one, winning primetime Emmys for Shelley Winters, Simone Signoret, Cliff Robertson, Rod Steiger, Sydney Pollack, and Rod Serling. I throw a party sometimes until four, it's hard to leave when you can't find the door? On Oct. 7 Lyndon B. Johnson protege Robert Gene "Bobby" Baker (1929-) (AKA Little Lyndon), majority secy. of the Senate, who started as a page boy from S.C. at age 14 then became a millionaire through his Senate connections incl. casinos in the Dominican Repub., kickbacks from mob-owned (Sam Giancana, Meyer Lansky) vending machines for federally-granted programs, and who is being investigated by U.S. atty. Robert F. Kennedy despite his procurement of babes, incl. suspected Soviet spy Ellen Romesch (1936-) of East Germany for his brother JFK resigns amid charges of influence peddling by the press; his secy. Nancy Cole Tyler (-1965) dies in a plane crash near Ocean City, Md. on May 10, 1965; her roommate is Mary Jo Kopechne of Chappaquiddick fame; in 1967 Baker is found guilty of seven counts of fraud, theft, and income tax evasion, and is sentenced to 3 years in federal prison, serving 16 mo.; in 1978 he pub. Wheeling and Dealing: Confessions of a Capitol Hill Operator; "The Baker scandal then is truly the hidden key to the assassination, or more exact, the timing of the Baker affair crystallized the more or less vague plans to eliminate Kennedy which had already been in existence. The threat of complete exposure which faced Johnson in the Baker scandal provided that final impulse. He was forced to give the go-ahead signal to the plotters who had long been waiting for the right opportunity." (Joachim Joesten) On Oct. 9 Vajont Dam in the Piave River Valley of Italy, breaks, killing 2K. On Oct. 9 Pres. Kennedy announces that the U.S. govt. will approve export licenses for selling wheat and other agricultural products to the Soviet Bloc; next Jan. 3 the Soviet Union buys wheat from the U.S. for the first time. On Oct. 9 FBI agent Marvin Gheesling decides to remove Lee Harvey Oswald from the FBI surveillance watch list. On Oct. 10 the anthology color series Kraft Suspense Theatre debuts on NBC-TV for 59 episodes (until July 1, 1965); it is later syndicated under the title "Crisis". On Oct. 11 after Robert S. McNamara returns from a trip to South Vietnam, JFK signs Nat. Security Action Memorandum 263, calling for withdrawal of 1K U.S. military personnel by the end of the year, followed by training the Vietnamese to take over completely by the end of 1965; JFK sent McNamara on the trip in order to recommend what he already wanted? On Oct. 12 after the military presents Peronists from running a candidate, their man Arturo Umberto Illia (1900-83) of the People's Radical Civic Union becomes pres. of Argentina (until June 28, 1966); he then shocks the military by eliminating restrictions on Peronist parties, as well as the Communist Party. Beatlemania in Britain starts while JFK is still alive? On Oct. 13 after the Liverpool-raised Beatles make it big with She Loves You (written by Paul and John on June 26 and recorded on July 1) and before recording I Want to Hold Your Hand (Oct. 17), they play at the London Palladium, on Argyll St. off Oxford St. in Westminster, London (founded 1910), and the next morning the British press coins the term "Beatlemania"; on Nov. 4 they play at the Prince Wales Theatre in London before the Queen Mother and Princess Margaret at the Royal Command Peformance, and John makes the quip "Would the people in the cheaper seats clap your hands, and the rest of you, if you'll just rattle your jewelry"; the Beatles go on to score 49 top-40 U.S. hits; just prior to making it big, cutest Beatle Paul McCartney has his first affair with blonde clerk Dorothy "Dot" Rhone (1942-), who miscarries his baby in July 1962 before he dumps her after making her adopt a Brigitte Bardot hairstyle and give up smoking. On Oct. 14 the Aden Emergency (Rafdan Uprising) against the British in South Yemen sees rewbels throw a grenade at a gathering of British officials at Aden Airport, causing a state of emergency to be declared in the British crown colony of Aden and the Aden Protectorate (founded 1839); it ends on Nov. 30, 1967 after the British withdraw in favor of the People's Repub. of South Yemen. On Oct. 16 87-y.-o. chancellor (since 1949) Konrad Adenauer (b. 1876) resigns, and economic minister Ludwig Erhard (1897-1977) of the Christian Dem. Union becomes chancellor #2 of West Germany (until Dec. 1, 1966); a WWI vet whose injuries kept him out of WWII, his postwar reforms cause him to be called the Father of the German Economic Miracle. On Oct. 16 Perry Mason loses his only case, The Case of the Deadly Verdict; the reason is that his client withheld evidence - a signal to the JFK assassins to go ahead with their plans? On Oct. 18 British PM (since 1957) Harold Macmillan resigns due to illness brought on by the Profumo affair, and Eton-Oxford man Sir Alec Douglas-Home (1903-95) becomes PM (until Oct. 16, 1964) (4th under Elizabeth II), resigning his peerage and becoming the first PM to have no seat in the Lords or Commons, as well as the first PM born in the 20th cent. and first to play first-class cricket. On Oct. 18 the Cuban embassy in Mexico City approves Oswald's visa, and on Nov. 9 Oswald writes a typed Letter to the Soviet Embassy in Washington, D.C., which is unusual, because all his previous letters were handwritten (Ruth Hyde Paine typed it?). On Oct. 19 JFK delivers a speech at the U. of Maine, reviewing the crises of the last 12 mo. and concluding that although there can be no coexistence with the Soviets in the field of ideology, coexistence without war is possible, with the soundbyte: "In times such as these, therefore, there is nothing inconsistent with signing an atmospheric nuclear test ban, on the one hand, and testing underground on the other; about being willing to sell to the Soviets our surplus wheat while refusing to sell strategic items; about probing their interest in a joint lunar landing while making a major effort to master this new environment; or about exploring the possibilities of disarmament while maintaining our stockpile of arms. For all of these moves, and all of these elements of American policy and allied policy towards the Soviet Union, are directed at a single, comprehensive goal, namely, convincing the Soviet leaders that it is dangerous for them to engage in direct or indirect aggression, futile for them to attempt to impose their will and their system on other unwilling people, and beneficial to them, as well as to the world, to join in the achievement of a genuine and enforceable peace" - goodbye, parting is such sweet sorrow? On Oct. 18 France launches Felicette (Félicette), becoming the first cat in space; on Oct. 24 after she survives, a 2nd cat is launched, but doesn't make it. On Oct. 19 (eve.) JFK attends a New England Salute to the President in Boston, Mass., with the soundbyte: "This is the chance that we have, and it depends on two things: first, that this country move steadily ahead economically, that we do not limp from recession to recession, denying so many of our people an equal chance, a fair chance, a job, an opportunity. So what we need, in the first place, is to make sure that the United States does what other free countries have done for a decade, and which we did not do in the late fifties, and that is, enjoy a steadily rising economy, a steadily increasing standard of living, a steadier, richer, and wealthier country. That is within our grasp." On Oct. 21 the U.S. votes against admitting Communist China to the U.N. On Oct. 22 225K black students boycott Chicago, Ill. schools in the Freedom Day Protest. On Oct. 22 JFK welcomes Bolvian Pres. Victor Paz Estenssoro at the White House. On Oct. 24 JFK gives an interview to Algerian-born French Jewish humanist leftist journalist Jean Daniel (Bensaid) (1920-), with the soundbyte: "I approved the proclamation Fidel Castro made in the Sierra Maestra, when he justifiably called for justice and especially yearned to rid Cuba of corruption. I will go even further. To some extent it is as though Batista was the incarnation of a number of sins on the part of the United States. Now we will have to pay for those sins. In the matter of the Batista regime, I am in agreement with the first Cuban revolutionaries, that is perfectly clear." On Oct. 25 JFK: Wanted for Treason handbills by Robert A. Surrey (associate of Gen. Edwin Walker) begin to be handed out in Dallas, Tex., containing a list of inflammatory allegations that JFK was pinko, anti-Christian (really anti-white supremacist), etc.; the DPD compiles a List of 23 Subversives, of which Lee Harvey Oswald is #1, causing all of them to be followed by the DPD except him? - trick or treat, sucker? On Oct. 26-27 (Sat.-Sun.) JFK and his family spend the weekend together at their new home in the Va. countryside built by Jackie, which she calls Wexford; on Oct. 27 he attends church with his family. On Oct. 28 New York City's Penn Station (built 1910) begins demolition. On Oct. 28 JFK issues a statement honoring recently deceased Tex. Dem. Sen. (1929-53) Thomas Terry "Tom" Connally (b. 1877), who was instrumental in creating the U.N. On Oct. 31 (Halloween) JFK has his last meeting with J. Edgar Hoover - trick or treat, sucker? On Oct. 31 (night) a propane gas explosion at the Holiday on Ice show at the Indianapolis, Ind. coliseum kills 64. In fall the first Munich Security Conference (Conference on Security Policy) is held by govt. and military reps to discuss the relationship between the U.S. and its West European allies; it later begins holding conferences in Feb.; in 2008 German ambassador (to the U.S. and U.K.) Wolfgang Friedrich Ischinger (1946-) becomes chmn. until 2022, when he becomes pres. of the Foundation Council (until ?). In Oct. the French finally withdraw from Bizerte, which they occupied since 1961. In Oct. gen. Christophe Soglo (1909-83) deposes pres. (since 1960) Hubert Maga in an army coup, and becomes pres. #2 of Dahomey (until 1967). In Oct. the Sand (Sands) War between Morocco and Algeria sees Morocco attempt to claim the iron-rich Tindouf and Bechar areas annexed to French Algeria in the 1930s, until the Org. of African Unity (OAUY) and Arab League intervene three weeks later, ending in a formal ceasefire next Feb. 20; the border dispute is not ended until 1972 after Algeria gives Morocco shares in its iron ore earnings from Tindouf in return for recognition of its borders. On Nov. 1 the Venezuelan govt. of pres. (since 1959) Romulo Betancourt discovers a large arms cache on a beach in the Paraguana Peninsula, which is later traced to Cuba, to be used to capture Caracas and prevent elections; on Dec. 1 the elections are held despite attempts by both left and right to disrupt them, and 90% of the electorate participates; Raul Leoni is elected, and takes office peacfully next Mar. 13. On Nov. 1 an honorary degree from been Texas Christian U. in Ft. Worth that had been scheduled to be presented to JFK on the morning of Nov. 22 before he flies to Dallas is canceled by the Board of Trustees. Who Killed JFK Day Minus 21 - the Cui Bono Day? On Nov. 1-2 the U.S.-backed Diem Coup in Saigon, led by Gen. Duong Van "Big" Minh (1916-2001) (known for the soundbyte "They had to be killed... Pres. Diem was too much respected among simple, gullible people in the countryside") overthrows the Diem govt., causing South Vienamese pres. (since 1954) Ngo Dinh Diem (b. 1901) and his younger brother Ngo Dinh Nhu (b. 1910) (the brains of the outfit) to escape to the suburb of Cholon, where they are offered safe conduct out of the country, then shit in the back of an armored personnel carrier over Saigon by Capt. Nguyen Van Nhung (1919-64), after which the pop. goes wild with joy, tearing down the statues and photos of Diem and his BBQ-loving sister-in-law Madame Ngo Nhu; "The name I would write under his portrait is the Patriot Ruined by the West" (Graham Greene); the Diem brothers were adamantly opposed to full-scale U.S. military involvement beyond the 16K combat advisers already there?; from now on the U.S. owns Vietnam, and pesky JFK can finally go?; on Nov. 2-3 JFK meets with Defense Dept. and State Dept. officials to discuss the situation. On Nov. 2 New Orleans mob boss Carlos Marcello is acquitted of his crimes; Robert F. Kennedy later claims that he was behind the murder of his brudder JFK - payback for some dirty work for the govt.? On Nov. 2 a Cuban plot to assassinate JFK in Chicago, Ill. is aborted after the Secret Service receives a teletype from the FBI, according to Secret Service agent Abraham Wendell Bolden Sr. (first African-Am. SS agent, personally brought into the White House detail by JFK in 1961, calling him the "Jackie Robinson of the Secret Service"), after which he is framed, er, found guilty of accepting a bribe and spends six years in prison to shut him up? Do you believe in omens? On Nov. 9 twin disasters strike in Japan as 447 miners are killed in a coal dust explosion in Omuta, and 162 are killed near Yokohama after two passenger trains crash into a derailed freight train. On Nov. 9-10, 1963 (Sat.-Sun.) Pres. Kennedy and his family spend their last weekend at Wexford, along with Newsweek editor Ben Bradlee and his wife Toni, who had been neighbors of JFK and Jackie in Georgetown when JFK was in the Senate, and Jackie's friends Paul and Eve Fout; they schedule the next visit for Nov. 24 (Sun.) afternoon. On Nov. 11 (Mon.) (Veteran's Day) JFK takes his son John Jr. to Arlington Nat. Cemetery to watch his speech. On Nov. 12 Pres. Kennedy signs a top secret memorandum to CIA counterintel chief James Jesus "Jim" Angleton (1917-87), AKA "the Kingfisher", telling him to begin sharing CIA UFO intel data with the Soviets through NASA; meanwhile he orders NASA chief #2 (1961-8) James Edwin Webb (1906-92) to begin a peace overture to the Soviets via joint space exploration. On Nov. 14 Greece frees hundreds who were jailed in the Communist uprising of 1944-1950. On Nov. 14 a volcano 5 mi. S of Iceland creates a new island. On Nov. 15 Argentina voids all foreign oil contracts. On Nov. 15 JFK utters the soundbyte: On Nov. 16-17 (Sat.-Sun.) JFK visits Md., N.Y., and Fla., where he inspects Cape Canaveral and watches the firing of a Polaris missile. On Nov. 18 after research by South African-born John Elias Karlin (1918-2013) of Bell Labs determines the correct shape, size, and placement of buttons and numbers (1-2-3 on the top instead of on the bottom like in calculators, along with all-number dialing), Touch-Tone Telephone Service is introduced in the U.S. in Carnegie and Greensburg, Penn. with the Western 1500 Touch-Tone phone. On Nov. 18 JFK visits Tampa, Fla., where an assassination attempt involving Cuban patsy Gilberto Lopez is uncovered by the Secret Service. On Nov. 18 Secret Service agents Winton G. Lawson (1929-) and Forrest V. Sorrels (1901-93) along with two DPD reps. stage a dry run of the final dogleg turn in Dealey Plaza where JFK was killed on Nov. 22 (should be no problem to set him up?); on Nov. 22 after Lawson orders the motorcycle cop escorts to redeploy from the JFK's sides to the safe rear (to make it easier to hit him?), Lawson and Sorrels ride the lead car ahead of JFK's (so they could have a nice alibi?); on Nov. 22, 2003 Lawson gives an interview to Michael Granberry of the Dallas Morning News with the soundbyte "I must have thought a million times, what could I have done to prevent it?... From Love Field to Dealey Plaza, there were 20,000 windows. How could we possibly check them all?" - he should have said 19,999 times - I'm sure he never missed a retirement check? On Nov. 19 the Dallas Times Herald and other Dallas newspapers publish JFK's motorcade route - as if to advertise to all assassins he's yours? On Nov. 19 (100th anniv. of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address) JFK tells his personal secy. (1953-63) Evelyn Maurine Norton Lincoln (1909-95) that he is going to replace LBJ as his vice-pres. for his 2nd term with N.C. Dem. gov. (1961-5) James Terry Sanford (1917-98), a former FBI agent known for higher education reform and for Research Triangle Park, who becomes pres. of Duke U. in 1969-85 - too bad JFK goes to LBJ's town for a 3-hour tour, a 3-hour tour? On Nov. 19 did-I-mention that the parade route for JFK's upcoming visit is announced, showing him driving right by the Depository, despite there being no reason the motorcade had to make this final detour before getting on the Stemson Freeway other than a 1-in. concrete divider built into the road to force traffic to take the detour through this "historic area", which could have easily been taken care of for, ahem, security? - uh, this points a big finger at the Secret Service as being in on the assassination? On Nov. 20 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1904 is adopted, promulgating the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, becoming a precursor to the U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination (1969). On Nov. 20 King Sihanouk of Cambodia demands that the U.S. end all military, economic and other aid. On Nov. 20 a Senate investigating committee holds hearings on the TFX (Tactical Fighter Experimental) Fighter Plane Scandal where General Dynamics had received a $7B contract in 1962; on Nov. 22 they hear testimony about an alleged $100K cash payoff to vice-pres. LBJ; after the assassination of JFK there is no follow-up - hmmm, JFK, Cuba, the U.S.S.R., Oswald, Marcello, General Dynamics, LBJ... let's make a movie? On Nov. 21 Vatican II authorizes the use of vernacular instead of Latin in the sacraments. On Nov. 21 India launches its first rocket from Thumba in Kerala state in S India, a U.S.-made 2-stage Nike-Apache sounding rocket, and founds the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center in Trivandrum, Kerala; by 2010 they launch 2.2K rockets from the center after getting into a space race with Red China in the 20-zeds. On Nov. 21 JFK and Jackie begin a 2-day tour of yee-haw Tex., making love aboard Air Force One aboard the short flight from San Antonio to Houston in the afternoon, where they are booked into Rice Hotel in the evening in separate bedrooms; JFK fails to rehearse for a press conference the next day because his mind is on Vietnam, telling asst. press secy. Malcolm MacGregor "Mac" Kilduff Jr. (1927-2003), "I've just been given a list of the most recent casualties in Vietnam. We're losing too damned many people over there. It's time for us to get out. The Vietnamese are not fighting for themselves. We're the ones who are doing the fighting. After I come back from Texas that's going to change. There is no reason for us to lose another man over there. Vietnam is not worth another American life"; at 9 p.m. JFK gives a speech at the Rice Hotel in Houston at a gala given by the League of United Latin Am. Citizens (LULAC), where they are filmed on 8mm film by Roy Botello (1922-), who keeps the film in his drawer for almost 47 years before releasing it to the public; Jackie gives a speech in Spanish; LBJ says "But I know I speak for all of you when I say that we are very proud and very happy that we have our beloved president and our lovely First Lady here with us tonight." On Nov. 21 Lee Harvey Oswald gets co-worker Wesley Buell "Wes" Frazier (1944-) (his trainer at the Depository) to drive him to Irving, Tex., and on the morning of Nov. 22 returns with him with a paper package of "curtain rods" after leaving his wedding ring and $170 in cash with his wife; he allegedly stored his rifle in the Paine garage without their knowledge, since after the Big Brain Blow Ruth Hyde Paine passed the photo of him allegedly holding the rifle plus info. to the investigators linking him with the attempted assassination of right-wing Gen. Walker, then after the JFK assassination delivered a blanket that allegedly was used to store the rifle to the police, and that clears her of all suspicion (of disloyalty to the new world order?); too bad, the blanket was tied with a granny knot, which no Marine would make?; Frazier and his sister later express doubts that the package was long enough to contain the rifle, or that he could carry it tucked into his armpit with the base cupped in his hand; Frazier later expresses doubts that Oswald did the shooting at all. On Nov. 21 (night) Lyndon B. Johnson allegedly meets in Dallas, Tex. with Dallas millionaire Haroldson Lafayette Hunt Jr. (1889-1974), Tex. oil tycoon Clint Williams Murchison Sr. (1895-1969)) (whose son Clint William Murchison Jr. (1923-87) later buys the Dallas Cowboys NFL team), other right-wing businessmen, Richard Nixon, and FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover, and after leaving allegedly tells his mistress Madeleine Duncan Brown (1925-2002) "After tomorrow those goddamn Kennedys will never embarrass me again, that's no threat, that's a promise"; she later claims that Johnson and Hunt hatched the assassination plot during the 1960 Dem. Convention, telling her "We have lost a battle but we're going to win a war", and after the assasination gloating "We won the war", meeting in a lodge outside of Dallas with Hunt for two years first; LBJ couldn't have been in Dallas since he was in Houston with JFK?; after the assassination, May Newman, family maid of Clint Murchison Sr. says: "The mood in the Murchison family home was very joyous and happy. For a whole week after like champagne and caviar flowed, every day of the week. But I was the only one in that household at that time that uh felt any grief for his assassination." If the government's so perfect, why did it send me a license saying I'm a woman? The You Always Remember Where You Were Day? The Day the U.S. Constitution Died Like That, 1-2-3? The first fully televised tragedy? A turning point in U.S. history, as the most forked-up official coverup in Illuminati history offers the old One Lucky Plucker Theory, which seems on closer inspection like one of them Japanese magic shows with black ninjas? The JFK Assassination is like a dark alley, with a stand in front holding a voluminous official story, which you are told to accept by the government, while if you try to go in the alley to see for yourself, you will end up dead, and all historyscopers can do is hope to shine a little light in the alley while looking downstream and seeing who had the power to do it, who benefitted, and who had the power to cover it up? The Mighty U.S. comes to a stop for a month, during which who knows what's going on behind the scenes during the nonexistent coup d'etat? "And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed; and all the world wondered after the beast" (Rev. 13:3)? On Nov. 22 (a.m.) Cuban intel officer Florentino Aspillaga is ordered to "stop all your CIA work" and "put all of my equipment to listen to any small detail from Texas", as he later alleges after defecting. On Nov. 22 (a.m.) the Dallas Morning News, pub. by Edward Musgrove "Ted" Dealey (1892-1969) (son of George Bannerman Dealey, namesake of Dealey Plaza) carried an ominous black-bordered full-page ad associating JFK with Communism, personally approved by Dealey, pub. by the John Birch Society-affiliated Am. Fact-Finding Committee, which incl. H.L. (Haroldson Lafayette) Hunt Jr. (1889-1974) and his son Nelson Bunker Hunt (1926-), and Jewish wannabe-John Bircher Bernard W. Weissman (1937-), who placed the $1,465 ad in the paper after allegedly meeting with Jack Ruby and J.D. Tippit at the Carousel Club on Nov. 14 - so assuming that Lee Harvey Oswald can read, he would never plot to bump-off a fellow Commie like JFK, would he, but the Hunt brothers sure would? On Nov. 22 (11-22-33, er, 11-22-63) (6+3=9 and 22-11=11, thus the first real 9/11?) (Fri.) after approving a probe to see whether relations with Fidel Castro can be improved earlier this mo., visiting the 2nd of three Tex. cities (San Antonio, Ft. Worth, Dallas) with his wife Jackie and holding 64 press conferences (avg. viewership 18M, max 65M), U.S. pres. (since Jan. 20, 1961) (34 mo., 2 days) John Fitzgerald Kennedy (b. 1917), leaves the Texas Hotel during a light rain after accidentally leaving his St. Jude and St. Christopher medals hanging on his Texas Hotel Suite 850 shower head, and asking Jackie to wear her pink suit, and commenting "We're heading into nut country today", JFK gives some brief remarks on a platform set up outside: "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth. I appreciate your being here this morning. Mrs. Kennedy is organizing herself. It takes longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when she does it", adding a remark about "the willingness of the citizens of the United States to assume the burdens of leadership"; he then leaves from Carswell Air Force Base (in operation 1942-94) 5 mi. NW of Ft. Worth, Tex., then 13 min. later lands in Love Field in Dallas on Runway 31 at 11:39 a.m., leaving in his 22-car motorcade and touring downtown Dallas (250K spectators) in his 1963 Blue Lincoln Continental (license plate GG-300), chauffeured by Irish-born 10th grade-educated William Robert Greer (1909-85) (one of three special-built cars), with the non-bulletproof bubbletop left in the trunk (JFK's idea, so people could see Jackie, or ordered removed by the Secret Service to make it easier for the shooters to see?), and with no motorycle cops riding in the usual flanking positions, as ordered by the Secret Service; the usual flat-bed truck for reporters to ride in front of the limo is canceled; vehicles were in the wrong order, with Kennedy's limo in front, when it should been in the middle; Mafia-connected Dallas County sheriff (since 1949) James Eric "Bill" Decker (1898-1970) (who rides in the backseat of the motorcade's lead car) withdraws all police protection for the motorcade; as they leave Love Field, Secret Service agent Emory P. Roberts in the SS car behind JFK's car (taking orders from their new pres. LBJ in the car behind that, as they quit protecting soon-to-be dead pres. JFK in favor of him to keep their jobs?) orders agent Henry J. Rybka (standing on the back bumper of the pres. limo) to jump off and remain at the airport, with only Clint Hill on the bumper on Jackie's side, after which he too is gone by the fatal turn onto Houston St.; Jackie sits next to JFK wearing a (brain-colored?) pink suit and pillbox hat, designed by gay Am. fashion designer Halston (Roy Halston Frowick) (1932-90) (first worn at JFK's 1961 inauration), which ends up stored in the Nat. Archives until the year 2103; in the front seat next to driver Greer is Secret Service agent Roy Herman Kellerman (1915-84), in the 2nd row are the Connallys, and in the 3rd row the Kennedys; the 1956 Cadillac 9-passenger convertible behind it contains eight Secret Service agents, and the rented 1964 Lincoln 4-door convertible behind that contains shining Teflon LBJ and his left-wing Texas. Dem. Sen. buddy Ralph Yarborough (1903-96), who had been feuding with Connally and had believed LBJ was leaning towards his side, causing him to snub LBJ and refuse to ride in the same car with him in San Antonio on Nov. 21, but had been quickly reconciled; this is the first time that the Secret Service has allowed both the pres. and the vice-pres. to ride in the same motorcade, why why why ask the sky?; LBJ's driver is Texas Highway Patrolman Hurchel D. Jacks (1929-95); Secret Service Agent Rufus Youngblood (1924-96) sits in the front passenger seat of LBJ's car, and throws himself on top of him to protect him during the shooting (later getting promoted by LBJ to #2 in the Secret Service), while Kellerman only turns around and stays seated, but is later promoted, while later claiming to believe there was a can-you-spell-conspiracy that he wasn't in; the agents protecting LBJ's cars react instantly after the shooting starts, opening the left rear door, while JFK's agents stand around doing nothing; photos of LBJ's car in the motorcade later seem hard to locate; the usual military aide with the telephone suitcase, as well as JFK's physician are not in the limo; meanwhile loose cannon Jack Ruby, owner of the Carousel strip joint is placing ads in the Dallas Morning News, and British "Brave New World" author Aldous Huxley (b. 1894) is dying of cancer, going down high by taking 100 micrograms of LSD intramuscularly at 11:45 a.m. before croaking at 5:21 p.m.; English writer C.S. Lewis (b. 1898) also croaks at 5:33 p.m. of renal failure; "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Polka Dot Bikini" singer Brian Hyland (1943-) is touring with Dick Clark's "Caravan of Stars" in Dallas, and sees the motorcade passing by but forgets to remove the lens cap from his camera; after driving through downtown Dallas through 250K cheering onlookers, where the 112th Military Intelligence Group at Ft. Sam Houston in San Antonio is mysteriously told to not show up to protect him like they're supposed to, and the usual four motorcycle cops are called off each side of the pres. limo and told to ride in the back of the motorcade, it reaches its end (where JFK's cheering supporters can't help him anymore, since he's now in copland, the oldest part of Dallas, where the cops control every square centimeter?), and about 12:00 instead of continuing on Main St. to the Triple Underpass (built 1936) (which allows a railway to pass over Commerce, Main and Elm Sts., where there are some railroad cars parked), it turns right from Main St. onto S Houston St. in front of the 1895 Romanesque Pecos Red sandstone 3-story Dallas Criminal Courts Bldg. ("Old Red") on the right, with the 1913 Dallas County Jail (where Bonnie and Clyde were once held) on the left; after passing the Dallas County Records Bldg. on the right and going one block N, it turns left in front of and away from the 7-story Dal-Tex (Dallas-Textiles) Market Bldg. (built 1902) at 501 Elm St., and passes in front of the 7-story red brick Texas School Book Depository at 411 Elm St. (built 1893, rebuilt 1901-3) (which sports a Hertz Rent-a-Car and Chevrolet sign on the roof and incongruous open windows on the 5th and 6th floors) onto Elm St. into Illuminati-friendly Devil's, er, Dealey Plaza (Lat. "rule of the goddess"?) in W Dallas, named after Dallas Morning News founder (1885) George Bannerman Dealey (1859-1946), located in the birthplace of Dallas (also home to its first Masonic Temple), just S of deg. 33 lat. near the Trinity River; going against all the usual Secret Service rules, the naked hearse, er, limo then slowly enters the Kill Zone, passing the Grassy Knoll, a term coined by UPI correspondent Albert Merriman Smith (1913-70) (who rides in the press pool four cars behind JFK and later sends the message on his radiotelephone "Three shots were fired at President Kennedy's motorcade in Dallas") on the way to the Triple Underpass, then to the N Stemmons Freeway, where JFK is scheduled to attend a luncheon at the Dallas Internat. Trade Mart and deliver a speech to 2.6K which incl. the soundbyte: "If we are strong, our strength will speak for itself. If we are weak, words will be no help"; the excuse for the end-route diversion is that there is a 3-in. concrete divider preventing crossing from Main onto the freeway on-ramp to force traffic into the plaza for commercial reasons, although for a president removing it would have been no problemo, as if they couldn't all easily drive over it?; around 10:30 a.m. after some early rains, Julia Ann Mercer claims to see a pickup truck parked next to the curb beyond the Triple Underpass, and a man remove a rifle wrapped in brown paper and carry it toward the Grassy Knoll; on Nov. 23 she IDs Jack Ruby as the driver for the FBI, who treat her like merde, mama said there'd be days like this; at 12:19 Dallas Morning News mail room employee Jerry Boyd Belknap (1940-), who was hit by a car several years earlier, requiring 3x a day medicine for fainting spells forgets it and faints while lined up to watch the motorcade on the W side of Houston St. (100 N. Houston), causing an ambulance to be dispatched from Parkland Memorial Hospital, after which he is given his medicine and walks out of the hospital without registering; a diversion to allow the shooters to get into place?; at 12:30 p.m. after the limo stops at the foot of Elm St. after making a wide turn in front of the Texas School Book Depository, then passes the "Stemmons Freeway" sign on the right (270 ft. from the 6th floor window in the Depository), U.S. Pres. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (b. 1917) is assassinated with three shots from some kind of gun during a 5.6 sec. shooting window (8.6 sec.?), becoming the 7th straight victim of the Zero-Year Presidential Curse (after W.H. Harrison, Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley, Coolidge, and FDR); the distance from the Magic Window to JFK is 88 yards, and Oswald had been rated as a sharpshooter who can accurately and rapidly hit targets at 200 yards, albeit with an M1; Texas gov. #38 (Jan. 15, 1963-Jan. 21, 1969) John Bowden Connally Jr. (1917-93) (key aid to LBJ in his congressman days, who switches to the Repub. Party after LBJ dies in 1973), riding in JFK's limo in the front seat is seriously wounded; JFK's driver William Greer suddenly slows down and stops after JFK's neck is wounded, then hits the gas only after the shots stop, and speeds to Parkland Memorial Hospital (founded 1894) at 5201 Harry Hines Blvd., Oak Lawn, later claiming to glance over his shoulder, see Connally shot, get told by Kellerman to "Get out of here fast", then step on the gas, while "a flurry of shells come into the car"; Greer later claims there was a conspiracy (which doesn't incl. him); some later claim to see photographic proof that Greer pulls out a pistol and plugs him right between the eyes, then puts the gun away quick and speeds up to the freeway, and others claim that the pistol is gas-powered and has an exploding bullet, all supplied by the CIA; too bad, it turns out to be a reflection from the top of Connally's head, although he still might have been in on it because of hitting the brakes; Connally's wife (since 1940) Idanell "Nellie" Connally (1919-2006) is not hurt, and later becomes the last living person that was in the car, claiming that the last words she said before the shots were "Mister President, you can't say Dallas doesn't love you"; Jackie Kennedy sees JFK raise his right hand before falling, saying "He raised his hand just like that, it was neat, it was beautiful", and shouts out "Oh, no, they've shot Jack"; she then climbs out on the trunk to retrieve a piece of her hubby's skull (brain?), and later turns it over to the surgeon at the hospital, asking "Will this help?"; the photo of Jackie on the trunk by Dallas-born photojurnalist James William "Ike" Altgens (1919-95) becomes iconic; motorcycle cop Bobby Harkiss, riding to JFK's left rear is hit by a spray of brain matter, at first believing he has been shot, and later says "When I turned back to look, that's when the president was shot in the face"; there were two head shots, the first from the rear, the 2nd a half sec. later from the front, which blows out a piece of his skull along with brains, which is what Jackie reaches for?; during the shooting, Secret Service agent George Hickey (1923-) rises to his feet in the follow-up car with his AR-15 machine gun, but doesn't fire it?; he accidentally shot JFK, causing the big coverup?; Secret Service agent Clint Hill wraps JFK's head in his suit coat; Secret Service Agent Paul Landis (1935-) finds a blood-free fully intact bullet "sitting on the back seat ledge, where the cushion meets the metal on the car", picking it up and putting it in his pocket, then later placing it on JFK's stretcher at Parkland Memorial Hospital, later seeing authorities claim that it was on Connally's stretcher, finally coming clean in a 2023 book; Dallas policeman Joe Marshall Smith races to the Grassy Knoll and meets a mysterious Secret Service agent in the parking lot, who flashes his credentials; the first radio announcement is by Edwin Newman (1919-2010) of NBC; at 12:36 the first nat. news bulletin of the shooting is aired by ABC Radio, with Don Gardiner (-1977) interrupting a recording of Doris Day's "Hooray for Hollywood"; the first TV announcement comes at 12:40 p.m. as CBS journalist Walter Leland Cronkite Jr. (1916-2009), who had broadcast various warnings of danger to JFK in Dallas files an audio report after "As the World Turns" is interrupted, along with several others, later breaking up with emotion over the assassination, viewed by up to 70M Americans plus viewers in 23 other countries, causing Charles Collingwood (1917-85) to be called in to replace him during the day, and Harry Reasoner to anchor the CBS Evening News; Cronkite later reads the Soviet reaction to the JFK assassination by Valentin Alexandrovich Zorin (1902-86), containing the soundbyte "Those who know how the security of President Kennedy is organized know that it is not possible for a fanatic to commit such an assassination. A political crime, thoroughly prepared and planned has taken place.... It is not accidental that it took place in the Southern states, which are well known as a stronghold of racist and other fascist scum. It is precisely here that Goldwater, who is one of the contenders for the presidency gets his support"; the govt. sticks to the 3-shot lone gunman theory from the get-go despite 58 of 90 witnesses interviewed (out of 400 total), incl. William Eugene "Bill" Newman and his wife Frances Gayle Newman, who are interviewed by WFAA-TV Channel 8 by 6'9" actor-journalist-organist Theodore Crawford "Ted" Cassidy (1932-79) (later Lurch in "The Addams Family"), claiming they thought the shots came from between the Depository and Grassy Knoll, and medical student Evalea Glanges (1940-99) claiming to see a bullet hole in the front windshield, and Earl Jack "Jay" Watson (1926-2001), mgr. of WFAA-AM, who was in the Book Depository and saw a man run out of the bldg. shortly after the shooting, then hiked back to the station, becoming the first to break the news of the assassination (but was snubbed by the police?); the Secret Service quickly cleans the blood from the limo while denying inspection of the windshield; in 1993 White House advance team member Jerry Blaine Whitaker gives an interview telling about his experience replacing the limo windshield on Mon. Nov. 25 at the Ford River Rouge Assembly Plant in Dearborn, Mich., claiming there was a hole 4-6 in. to the driver's side of the rear-view mirror; maintenance man Orville Nix Sr. (1920-72) takes a GSA air conditioning engineer Orville Orhel Nix Sr. (1911-72) takes a 24.5 sec. video of the assassination from the far side at the corner of Main and Houston Sts., the only known one to show the Grassy Knoll area and picket fence, which is examined in 1978 by photo experts working for the U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations, causing them to conclude that JFK "was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy” and that “two gunmen” likely fired at him; the first public viewing isn't until the year 2000; as of 2023 his descendants are still suing to get it back; 17-y.-o. Beverly Oliver (1946-), a dancer who works at the Colony Club next door to the Carousel Club is standing on the S side of Elm St. during the assassination, becoming known as the Babushka Lady from her head scarf; she films the shooting from the reverse angle to the Zapruder film, which shows the sniper's window and the Grassy Knoll, then claims that FBI agent Regis Kennedy took it from her on Nov. 25; she goes into hiding until 1970, then gives an interview to Gary Mack claiming that Jack Ruby introduced her to Lee Harvey Oswald as a CIA agent, and also saw David Ferrie and Jack Lawrence in Ruby's club; Dallas Jewish dress manufacturer Abraham Zapruder (1905-70) (whose office is in the Dal-Tex Bldg.) takes an 8mm color home movie of the final moments from the Grassy Knoll side using a 1962 Model 414 Bell & Howell Zoomatic and Kodak Kodachrome II film, showing JFK's head exploding out the front, spewing a halo of vaporizing brain tissue as his body lurches back sharply and to the left at 2g acceleration, even though no witnesses in Dealey Plaza reported the body motion, and a motorcycle cop to the left rear was hit by his brains with such force that he thought he himself had been shot; instead of showing the film, small-time Tex. newscaster Dan Rather (1931-) describes the film on CBS-TV, brazenly lying that JFK's head jerked forward rather than backward, after which he makes a meotoric rise at CBS; the film is purchased for $150K by U.S. Gen. Charles Douglas "C.D." Jackson (1902-64), publisher of Time-Life and kept from the public for 14 years; how convenient that Clare Boothe Luce (1903-87), wife of Time and Life mag. founder Henry Robinson Luce (1898-1967) is not only a supporter of the anti-Castro movement, but a friend of suspected JFK assassination plotters David Atlee Phillips and Gen. Edward Lansdale?; some later find evidence that the Zapruder film was faked or altered or manufactured to bolster the lone gunman theory; spectator (USAF vet) James Thomas "Jim" Tague (1936-) is struck on the right cheek by a bullet ricochet from the curb 23.5 ft. from the E edge of the Triple Underpass railroad bridge, after which an unidentified man in a suit is seen picking up a bullet in the grass on Elm St. in the company of deputy sheriff Eddy Raymond "Buddy" Walthers (1929-) and Dallas policeman Joe W. Foster; after they can't coverup Tague's story, the problem of too many bullets causes the Magic (Single) Bullet Theory (bullet CE399) to later be manufactured, calling this the 2nd bullet, although later investigators suspect it came from the 2nd floor of the Dal-Tex Bldg.; too bad, there is also a large oak tree in the way that makes shooting at JFK from the Depository difficult for the first two shots; on the S side of Dealey Plaza is the white 5-story U.S. Post Office Terminal Annex Bldg. (built 1937), where Oswald rented P.O. Box 6225 on Nov. 1; to the W of Dealey Plaza is parking lot and a railroad tower, where signalman Lee Edward Bowers Jr. (1925-66) is working, later testifying to seeing two men behind the stockade fence W of the Grassy Knoll, along with a flash of light and smoke, after which on Aug. 9, 1966 his new car crashes into a bridge in Midlothian, Tex., killing him (drugged?); Norma Jean Lollis Hill (1931-2000) (AKA "the Lady in Red" because of her long red raincoat) stands next to JFK's car during the assassination, and later claims to see a white man in a brown overcoat and hat running W from the Depository toward the railroad tracks, IDing him as Jack Ruby; Hill stands with friend Mary Ann Moorman (1932-), who takes a photograph of the Badge Man behind the Grassy Knoll less than 1/6 sec. after JFK's head exploded; is Badge Man none other than J.D. Tippit, making the reason he ends up assassinated later clear, to cover the tracks to the DPD?; across from the Grassy Knoll "Umbrella Man" Louie Steven Witt stands at the curb in Dealey Plaza holding an opened umbrella, which he later claims is a protest against JFK's appeasement of Commies, mimicking umbrella-loving Neville Chamberlain; it's really a parting message to JFK from the CIA that they're getting even for him not providing an umbrella of protection at the Bay of Pigs?; a fake Secret Service agent is seen on the Grass Knoll by DPD officer Seymour Weitzman (who discovers the rifle in the Depository, calling it a 7.65 Mauser before changing his story to the official version), who later IDs him as Bernard Leon Barker (1917-2009), a former member of the Batista Cuban secret police, who was later one of the 1972 Watergate burglars, incl. Eugenio R. "Musculito" Martinez (1924-) (Cuban), Frank Anthony Sturgis (Frank Angelo Fiorini) (1924-93) (Va.-born Am. who worked in Cuba), and Virgilio R. Gonzalez (1926-) (Cuban); three tramps are taken out of one of the three railroad cars on the nearby tracks after the shooting, and photographed being led around by police in Dealey Plaza, two of them resembling E. Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis; the bums later turn out to really be bums named Harold Doyle, Gus Abrams, and John Forrester Gedney?; some witnesses later claim to see known CIA operative Gerald Patrick "Gerry" Hemming (1937-) carrying a rifle case near the scene; after being arrested on Aug. 5, 1991, alleged ex-CIA/Mafia hit man James Earl Files (1942-) claims to be the Grassy Knoll shooter who took JFK out via a head shot - right next to the alien refueling station?; meanwhile after all the careful solo planning, hiding plenty of ammo and weapons in his nest for days in advance, then shooting at JFK while he's heading straight at him so that he can get him right between the eyes, and having an easy time shooting the driver first to stop the car, then taking out LBJ's driver, LBJ, a bunch of Secret Service agents and a few cops, maybe Connally for extra points, plus that French Marie Antoinette bitch in the pillbox hat, er, taking out LBJ since he's the right-winger not JFK, or maybe waiting until they swing around and start heading toward the freeway, leaving JFK alone and losing him behind the big oak tree, then finally getting a good shot at LBJ, er, after killing them all, lone gunman Oswald, knowing he will be made in minutes because of his background and job there goes on to take several hostages and hole-up in the Depository, demanding a press interview, where he crows that he did it in the name of Communism to prove that Capitalism is weak and Marx rocks, and demands a plane to Cuba, where he will be welcomed as a hero, er, 74-90 sec. after the assassination Dallas motorcycle cop Marion L. Baker sees Oswald in the 2nd floor lunchroom drinking a Coke, where he is ID'd by bldg. suptd. Roy S. Truly, the same man who had hired him, who later testifies he is "calm, cool, normal and not out of breath in any way", after which Oswald quietly leaves the bldg. at 12:33 through the front door carrying the Coke bottle, then boards a bus at Field St. and Elm St. to his rooming house, later switching to a taxi; Oswald actually made his getaway from the Depository in a light-colored Rambler station wagon belonging to Ruth Hyde Paine?; meanwhile a police search of the Depository finds three spent shells lying in a row by the open window on the SE corner, a paper bag containing a pop bottle and chicken bones, and a 7.65 Mauser bolt-action rifle hidden among the book boxes at the head of the stairs, which later turns into a British Lee Enfield .303 Rifle (Tom Whelan on NBC-TV), and finally a Carcano; initially David Brinkley of NBC-TV reported that the rifle has no fingerprints; three days later a photo of the 6th floor window from the inside shows cartons piled up to look like a sniper's nest, although they are piled differently on the day of the assassination, arranged to block access so that nobody could have fired shots from the window?; two black men are looking out of a window on the 5th floor right beneath the Oswald window, incl. Harold "Hank" Norman (1938-), who claims to hear the three shots being fired plus the bolt working and the shells hitting the floor, along with James "Junior" Jarman Jr. (1930-), while Bonnie Ray Williams (1944-) (who ate his chicken, Fritos and Dr. Pepper lunch on the 6th floor at 12:10-12:15) is looking out an adjacent window, after which they all run up to see who did the shooting, er, go down and exit the building; "The second and the third shot was closer together than the first shot and the second shot... And it sounded, it even shook the building, the side we were on cement fell on my head" (Williams); deputy sheriff Harry Weatherford, best shot in the dept., who was assigned to the top of the County Records bldg. claims to see pigeons fly from the top of the Depository bldg. after the first shot, a muzzle flash from the 2nd shot, and to have fired at Oswald's window a microsecond before the 3rd shot, causing it to go high over Jackie and hit the curb on the S side of Elm St.; he was the real assassin?; Billy Lovelady, AKA Doorway Man is photographed standing on the ground floor of the Depository during the shooting wearing a plaid shirt and V-necked undershirt remarkably similar to that being worn by Oswald that day; at 12:45 after the genius police take a statement from eyewitness steamfitter Howard L. Brennan (1919-83), who claims to have seen Oswald in the Depository window from across the street, without knowing his name, and put two and two together at jet speed, a description is broadcast on the police radio, "Attention all squads, the suspect in the shooting at Elm and Houston is reported to be an unknown white male approximately 30, slender build, thought to be armed with anything but a 30-caliber rifle, no further description or information") (a description matching thousands of men, despite Oswald being the only Depository worker to flee and was duly reported by his boss?), after which no police are dispatched to any specific location other than Parkland Hospital and Dealey Plaza, and there is no manhunt or roundup?; the witnesses claiming to see him in the Depository window claim he has light colored hair and shirt, when Oswald has brown hair and is wearing a rust-brown shirt); at 1:00 p.m. Kennedy is pronounced dead in Trauma Room 1 of Parkland Memorial Hospital, given last rites by Roman Catholic priest Oscar L. Huber (1910-75) of Holy Trinity, and after a confrontation at 2:00 between Dallas police and Secret Service agents, where Dallas County coroner Earl Rose attempts to enforce a state-mandated autopsy law, only to be overruled by district atty. Henry Wade, at 2:08 the corpse is whisked to Air Force One (so that the corpse of J.D. Tippit can be whisked in?); meanwhile a bullet is found in the hospital, and later U.S. rear Adm. David P. Osborne (retired surgeon) claims that he saw a bullet roll out of sheets wrapping JFK's body at the military autopsy in Bethesda, Md., and handled it; surgical intern Charles Andrew Crenshaw (1933-2001), who placed JFK in a coffin later claims that he had four gunshot wounds, incl. one-two from the front, and that the neck wound was later tampered with (via a tracheotomy on a non-breathing corpse?) to make it look like an exit wound; in 1998 testimony to the Warren Commission is first released that a 2nd set of photos was taken at the military autopsy at Bethesda Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Md. and covered-up; the military autopsy is performed at 8 p.m. to midnight by Navy chief pathologist James J. Humes (1925-99), who burns his autopsy notes in his fireplace on Nov. 24 then makes up new improved ones, claiming that "the bullet penetrated the rear of the president's head and exited through a large wound on the right side of his head"; in 1973 the federal govt. purchases Trauma Room 1 and places it in a locked vault in Ft. Worth; at 1:00 p.m. neighbors near Red Bird Airport (later Dallas Executive Airport) in the Dallas suburb of Richardson 6 mi. SW of downtown Dallas call police to report a noisy twin-engine Comanche-type airplane revving its engines at the end of the airstrip on a grassy area near a fence, with airport employee Louis Gaudin reporting that about 2:00 p.m. three men in business suits boarded it, and it took off then returned with two passengers, being met by DPD officer ? Haake; J.D. Tippit is killed near R.L. Thornton Freeway, the route to the airport; that was where Oswald was headed to fly to Houston, where David Ferrie would fly them to Mexico then South Africa, which has no extradition treaty with the U.S.?; at 1:03 or 1:04 p.m. after arriving at his rooming house at 1026 N. Beckley St. in Oak Cliff (W of Dealey Plaza), Oswald Wabbit is seen leaving fast by diabetic widowed landlady Earlene Roberts (-1966), who says there was a mysterious police car parked outside on the street with two cops in it, which honks its horn twice and drives away first (Tippit's car, and if so, who is the other guy, Tippit's killer?); at 1:07 p.m. Dallas police officer (JFK lookalike?) Jefferson Davis "J.D. "Tippit (b. 1924) is murdered at E 10th St. and Patton Ave. in the Oak Cliff area 3/4-mi. from his rooming house by Oswald or somebody in front of several conflicting witnesses, incl. Acquilla Clemmons, who tells police that she saw two men, a short heavy gunman and a tall thin man in khaki trousers and white shirt, and cop favorite Mrs. Helen Markham, who claims to see the whole thing, and later IDs him in a lineup after seeing him on TV, but later goofs up when being interviewed by Mark Lane, describing him as "short", "a little on the heavy side", with "somewhat bushy hair", and makes other mistakes; at 1:16 civilian Domingo Benavides, who claims to see Oswald kill Tippit while driving in his pickup stops and uses Tippit's police car radio to call it in; R.C. Nelson is the only other officer assigned to the southwest Dallas area that day, and Tippett has Oak Cliff all to himself; after JFK dies at 1:00, his asst. press secy. Malcolm MacGregor "Mac" Kilduff Jr. (1927-2003) walks up to LBJ and addresses him as "Mr. President", causing Lady Bird Johnson to utter a short scream, after which LBJ tells him not to announce it until he leaves the hospital, later saying "I asked that the announcement be made after we left the room... so that if it were an international conspiracy... they would destroy us all"; shortly after JFK's death, John Connally's wife Nellie Connally hands a note from her hubby to his press secy. Julian Read to give to Jackie at Parkland Hospital, reading: "My thoughts have been with you constantly since being told the full truth today. I am overwhelmed beyond words. Nellie and I grieve for you and your children and pray that God will sustain you and give all of us the courage and wisdom we need in this dark hour in our nation's history"; at 1:33 Kilduff announces the death of JFK to the press in the Nurse's Room, with the soundbyte "President John F. Kennedy died at approximately 1:00 CST today here in Dallas. He died of a gunshot wound in the brain. Dr. Berkeley tells me that it was a simple matter of a bullet right through the head. I have no other details regarding the assassination of the president""; at 1:50-55 (51 min. after the assassination?) suspected not single but double assassin Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1939) is arrested with mucho pblicity in the Texas Theater (opened Apr. 21, 1931) at 232 W. Jefferson after he sneaks in without paying the 90-cent admission and Johnny Calvin Brewer, asst. mgr. of Hardy's Shoe Store made him from a radio description, alerts the ticket clerk Julia Postal (who is distracted by passing police sirens, and claims that Oswald had a panicked look on his face), then waits at the back and points him out for the cops after the lights are turned on; the theater is showing the 1963 B&W Korean War film "War is Hell", dir. by Burt Topper (one of two B war movies on the bill), and it had just started when Oswald is arrested amid the sound of onscreen gunfire, shouting "Well, it's all over now", then punching in the nose and pointing his .38 pistol at officer Nick McDonald (1928-2005), who catches the hammer in the web of his fingers, after which police detective Paul Bentley (1921-2008) jumps over several rows and arrests him, cutting Oswald's eye with his Masonic ring, causing him to cry police brutality; (JFK is dead for 2 hours, and the patsy is already in jail while the real culprit is making his getaway in Air Force One?) at 2:05 Oswald arrives at the police station in the custody of five DPD officers, and takes Dallas Police Mugshot #54018; at 2:30 p.m. he is interviewed in the office of DPD homicide and robbery chief Capt. John Will Fritz by Dallas FBI agent James P. Hosty (1928-), who had visited his wife Marina on Nov. 1 and Nov. 5, after which Oswald walked into his FBI office on Nov. 12 and gave a note to him, which he later claims is a complaint about the harassment but he conveniently destroyed, the secret taking until 1975 to come out, which Hosty pub. a book about in 1996; at 2:05 as Oswald is being brought in, Hosty tells the DPD criminal intel squad chief, Lt. Jack Revill that he knew that known Commie Oswald is a likely candidate for a pres. assassination, which the DPD later twists into he was capable of committing the assassination, which Hosty later hotly denies, thinking the DPD is trying to blame the FBI for it; Marina Oswald (1941-) is taken into custody by the Secret Service and held at the Inn of the Six Flags in Arlington (near Ft. Worth), Tex. for 2 mo., during which time she is probably threatened with deportation if she doesn't cooperate by regurgitating the coverstories they're feeding her, after which she claims to have locked her hubby in the bathroom once to keep him from shooting Richard Nixon, although it locks from the inside; at 2:18 Jackie Kennedy arrives on Air Force One (Boeing 737) in her blood-soaked pink dress, which Lady Bird Johnson suggests she change out of, to which she replies "No, I want them to see what they have done to Jack"; at 2:38 p.m. 6'2" Tex.-born horse-trading backroom-dealing super-politician (obsessively watches the evening news on multiple TVs, has a button panel installed in the Oval Office reading "Coffee, Tea, Coke, Fresca", and enjoys high speed drives around his Texas ranch) Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-73) (who did-I-mention rode in the limo behind JFK's and didn't get a scratch?) becomes the 36th U.S. pres. (until 1969) in the 52nd U.S. Pres. Inauguration as federal judge (1961-82) Sarah Tilghman Hughes (1896-1985) (first woman to do it) gives him the oath of office before takeoff on a Roman Catholic missal found in near JFK's bed on the plane, with grief-stricken Jackie Kennedy standing at his left, becoming the first U.S. pres. sworn-in on a Catholic missal, after which there is a rumor that it was Hughes' personal Bible, or that it was lost or stolen by LBJ; she mistakenly makes him add "so help me God" to the oath; Kilduff makes the only audio recording of the event using a Dictabelt Dictaphone from JFK's desk on the plane; future House speaker (1971-77) Carl Bert Albert (1908-2000) winks at smiling LBJ after he is sworn-in; JFK's classmate Theodore Harold White (1915-86) gets an exclusive interview with stoic Jackie shortly after the assassination, and becomes the first to compare JFK's short-lived presidency with the British legend of Camelot; Jackie Kennedy comments: "He couldn't even have the satisfaction of being killed for civil rights... it had to be some silly little Communist"; Jack Valenti (1921-2007), who rode in the motorcade ends up with LBJ on the plane, and becomes his advisor; First Lady is Claudia "Lady Bird" Alta Taylor Johnson (1912-2007) (Secret Service codename: Victoria), who utters the soundbyte "I feel like I am suddenly onstage for a part I never rehearsed"; LBJ, known for his in-your-face intimidating Johnson Style soon becomes known for sleeping through most movies shown in the White House (his mental movies being far more interesting?); William Allen Harper finds a piece of JFK's skull, which the govt. denies is from the lower occipital (back) area, later losing it; Oswald is interrogated for approx. 12 hours by 11:15 a.m. on Nov. 24; CBS reporter Bob Schieffer (1937-) drives Oswald's mother Marguerite Frances Claverie Oswald (1907-81) to see him in jail, where he is not permitted to talk to him, claiming an FBI man threatened to kill him, after which he says the JFK affair "turned us into a cynical people"; there is worldwide mourning, with writer John Steinbeck (1902-68), in Poland on a cultural mission for the State Dept. comments that he'd never seen so much mourning; the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. drops 21 points (3%), then recovers within a week; at 7:05 p.m. Oswald is charged with Tippit's murder by known corrupt justice-for-the-police Dallas DA (1951-87) Henry Menasco Wade (1914-2001), and at 7:55 p.m. he is trotted out bearing bruises and cuts in front of TV cameras by Texas lawmen wearing Stetson hats, giving him his big chance, where he utters the immortal soundbyte: "I'm a Communist, and I killed your president all by myself, despite all your Dallas Police, FBI, Secret Service, CIA and military could do, which proves that your degenerate system is weak and Khrushchev and Castro rock, and that's why I did it, to make myself a big man and win one for Marx and Lenin, eat me", er, "They're taking me in because of the fact I lived in the Soviet Union", and "I'm just a patsy", and "I didn't shoot anybody, no sir"; he is then is told by a reporter that he's being charged with JFK's murder too, which seems to surprise him, and he is officially charged at 11:26 p.m. (state charges only, since it's not a federal offense to kill a U.S. pres. yet); after Dallas police put out an APB on a '57 Ford, Donald Wayne House (1941-) of Ranger, Tex. is arrested in Ft. Worth (30 mi. W of Dallas) 90 min. after the assassination, then after he says he didn't do it he is released, although the TV reporter slips and says that Tippit was shot by a man in a car; Mormon missionary Robert Earl "Bob" Croft of Wyo. takes four photos of the assassination, the most famous showing Jackie looking directly at him, which the FBI and Secret Service later claim had a malfunction on the frame coinciding with the head shot; at 8:15 after JFK's body is delivered to Bethesda Naval Hospital in two different caskets at two different times (6:35 p.m. in a body bag in a plain shipping casket, and 8:00 p.m. in white sheets in a bronze casket), the military autopsy of JFK begins; as JFK is being assassinated, his press secy. Pierre Salinger is on a plane to Tokyo with six of nine cabinet members incl. s tate secy. Dean Rusk to set up an economic conference next Feb., which would make JFK the first U.S. pres. to visit Japan since WWII; LBJ retains Salinger as his press secy., after which which he serves as Dem. Calif. Sen. from Aug. 4-Dec. 31, 1964, then becomes RFK's pres. campaign mgr., witnesses his assassination, and moves to France to become a correspondent for L'Express; in the afternoon Robert Francis Kennedy Jr. (1954-) (RFK Jr.) is picked up early from Sidwell Friends School in Washington, D.C., and told about what happened to Uncle Jack, while Justice Dept. atty. Dean Markham picks up his little brother David at Our Lady of Victory and does ditto; RFK's first reaction to JFK's assassination is to call the CIA and ask if their people did it; RFK Jr. later blames right-wingers for the assassination, the agrees with his father; JFK was really assassinated for having too much interest in UFOs? On Nov. 23 (Sat.) (dawn) a fire at the Golden Age Nursing Home near Fitchville, Ohio kills 63, most while sleeping. On Nov. 23 after Secret Service agent Gerald Blaine mistakenly points his submachine gun at him in early morning darkness at his home, new Pres. Johnson declares Nov. 25 a Nat. Day of Mourning, becoming his first official act of office - except for him and his friends, who party hearty, you can't go without the green bean casserole? On Nov. 23 Backyard Photos of Lee Harvey Oswald Holding a Rifle in One Hand and a Commie Newspaper in the Other are found at the home of Ruth Hyde Paine and released by Dallas police, cinching the lone nut gunman theory for the public; one of the photos is shown on the cover of Life mag. in Feb. 1964; when Oswald is shown the photos he says it's his face posted on somebody else's body, and the black shirt and pants in the photo are never found; a shadow on his chin stays in the same place even when his head is tilted; his real chin has a cleft, but the photo shows no cleft, since it's at the line where a photo cut would have to have been made; the photo shows him wearing a watch, although he never wears one. On Nov. 23 a 3 in. German-made Minox Spy Camera is found in Oswald's sea bag by detectives Gus Rose and Richard Stovall; it is not available to the public at this time?; on Nov. 26 the DPD turns it over to the FBI, who attempt a coverup, calling it a light meter. On Nov. 23 a mysterious Clay Bertrand contacts New Orleans, La. atty. Dean Andrews and asks him to go to Dallas to represent Lee Harvey Oswald; New Orleans DA Jim Garrison later connects him to Clay Laverne Shaw. On Nov. 23 after being whisked from Methodist Gen. Hospital to Parkland Hospital on Nov. 22 right after JFK is whisked to Air Force One, then processed and never seen by kin, the body of DPD officer J.D. Tippit is buried in a sealed casket because his wounds allegedly disfigure his face; he is later described as being shot in the right temporal area in the same place as JFK, and since his photos bear a striking resemblance to JFK, were their autopsy X-rays switched, esp. the Death Stare Photo and the Devil's Ear Photo, causing the existence of a massive govt. conspiracy to stare us in the face? On Nov. 23 (Sat.) (5:25 p.m.) (the day after the JFK assassination) the long-running campy sci-fi series Doctor Who (a Timelord from the planet Gallifrey who travels in a spaceship that looks like a London police call box on the outside and an Edwardian mansion on the inside) debuts on BBC-TV for 797 episodes (until Dec. 6, 1989) with An Unearthly Child, dir. by Indian-born Cambridge-educated Waris Hussein (1938-); the cool Doctor Who Theme is more interesting than the campy show? On Nov. 23 (eve.) Lee Harvey Oswald makes a call from jail to John David Hurt, an atty. who had been in counterintel during WWII; he later claims that he got drunk and called Oswald as a prank. On Nov. 23 (Sat.) (night) after Cuban exile students pub. a broadsheet with photos of him and Oswald together under the headline "The Presumed Assassins", Fidel Castro gives a Speech on JFK's Assassination 30 hours after the assassination, denying any connection with it, denying he ever heard of Oswald, and calling it a CIA provocation; CIA agent Brian Latell later claims that "Castro and a small number of Cuban intelligence officers were complicit in Kennedy's death but that their involvement fell short of an organized assassination plot"; instead they "exhorted Oswald," and "encouraged his feral militance"; CIA man George Joannides (1922-90) paid for the broadsheet in an effort to destabilize Castro and prep the public for another U.S. invasion? Did you order that Code Red, Colonel? Spring little Cobra, getting ready to strike? The first live murder on TV, compliments of the Dallas Police Department? On Nov. 24 ((Sun.) 11:21 a.m. CST) (47 hours after you know what) while being transported to the county jail, Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1939) is neatly assassinated with a snub-nosed Colt Cobra .38 revolver to the guts in the Dallas police station basement parking lot by local strip club owner and suspected Mafia made man (Jewish) Jack Leon "Sparky" Ruby (Rubenstein) (1911-67) in front of nat. TV cameras (first murder seen live on U.S. TV), with the Dallas police standing idly by doing nothing to stop him and leaving the cameras good angles so that everybody knows who did it this time (now he can't be given a routine 2-3 day murder trial with a good lawyer and easily convicted, ha ha); press photographer Robert "Bob" Jackson, who witnessed a rifle in the 6th floor window of the Depository takes an iconic photo of the shooting of Oswald by Ruby; after being rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital, Oswald dies in Trauma Room 1 at 1:07 p.m., 48 hours 7 min. after JFK died; Ruby tells reporters he did it to zoom zoom prove that "Jews have guts", that he is helping the city of Dallas "redeem" itself, and that he wanted to spare Jackie Kennedy the ordeal of appearing at Oswald's trial, although after having time to think he changes his story and says he did it on the spur of the moment (he was taking the diet pill Preludin (Phenmetrazine), which raises the metabolism) (how convenient that this case never sees the inside of a courtroom?); Ruby's gun was purchased at Ray's Hardware and Sporting Goods in Dallas, run by Lawrence Brantley (1921-96); Ruby had previously wired money to a friend/employee, and left his dachshund Sheba in his car, and has no trouble getting let into the garage (by police confidants?), and afterward the govt. does nothing to officially establish Ruby's Mafia ties; Stetson hat-wearing Dallas police detective James R. "Jim" Leavelle (1920-) is handcuffed to Oswald when he gets the lead, becoming a celeb, while detective L.C. Graves (-1995) (brother-in-law of Paul Bentley) wrenches the pistol from Ruby's right hand; on Nov. 24 J. Edgar Hoover writes a memo containing the soundbyte: "The thing I am most concerned about... is having something issued so that we can convince the public that Oswald is the real assassin" (I guess the investigation was already over?); Oswald's mother Marguerite begins her own investigation, later claiming that her dear son, whom she knew better than anybody, was a govt. agent and a patriotic hero, and would one day be cleared, while the press treats her like merde; the three major networks (all liberal) paint JFK's assassination as the result of a "climate of hate" caused by conservatism, despite Oswald's Commie past, stinking up conservatism until Reagan in 1980?; the Hollywood movie "The Manchurian Candidate" is withdrawn from theaters because of its similarity; meanwhile U.S. TV screens become boring to kids with no network shows, only dreary mourning (a nat. security alert and news blackout in case of a revolt?); on May 8, 1964 (after he earns it by running the Federal Bureau of Uninvestigation to keep his regime stable?) J. Edgar Hoover is appointed FBI dir. for life by new pres. LBJ. On Nov. 25 (Mon.) after Robert Kennedy fails to show up for work, acting (deputy)U.S. atty. gen. Nicholas deBelleville "Nick" Katzenbach (1922-2012) sends a memo to LBJ's aide Bill Moyers, detailing a coverup plan, incl. suggestions for influencing the FBI and setting up a special hand-picked commission to circumvent a congressional investigation, with the soundbyte: "The public must be satisfied that Oswald was the assassin,that he did not have confederates who are still at large; and that the evidence was such that he would have been convicted at trial"; LBJ makes Katzenbach atty.-gen. (#65) in Feb. 11, 1965-Oct. 2, 1966. On Nov. 25 (Mon.) after Jackie Kennedy acts as de-facto pres. for two hours in the Red Room of the White House, receiving eight dozen internat. delegations solo, the John F. Kennedy State Funeral in Washington, D.C. sees his body laid to rest at Arlington Nat. Cemetery (in "the most beautiful spot", picked by Robert S. McNamara) in a cathartic nationally-televised event that features the caissons, the funeral march, Jackie leading the delegations on foot like a female pres., and his son John Fitzgerald "John-John" Kennedy Jr. (1960-99) (his 3rd birthday) saluting him while his mommy in a veil plays Madonna with Child; the bronze casket in which JFK was flown from Dallas to Washington, D.C. is dropped into a 9K-ft. military dump site off the Md.-Del. coast; JFK had set Nov. 25 as the date for a meeting with the U.S. ambassador to Vietnam to relieve him from his duties in preparation for a gradual diminishing of the U.S. presence in Vietnam. On Nov. 26 Newsday reporter Jimmy Breslin (1930-) pub. an article on the man who dug JFK's grave. On Nov. 27 as Americans mourn the late Pres. Kennedy, Pres. Johnson delivers LBJ's First Address to Congress, calling for "the earliest possible passage of the Civil Rights Bill and a tax cut as the best way of honoring" him, with the soundbyte: "All I have I would have given gladly not to be standing here today. The greatest leader of our time has been struck down by the foulest deed of our time. Today, John Fitzgerald Kennedy lives on in the immortal words and works that he left behind. He lives on in the mind and memories of mankind. He lives on in the hearts of his countrymen", receiving a 2-min. ovation after 32 bursts of applause; Johnson mentions global warming, with the soundbyte that industrial emissions had "altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale". On Nov. 28 the Beatles single She Loves You returns to #1 on the U.K. pop singles chart, becoming their first million-seller before "I Want to Hold Your Hand". On Nov. 28 Pres. Johnson announces that the NASA Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Fla. will be renamed after JFK; it is changed back in 1973 after a local vote. On Nov. 29 Jackie Kennedy gives the Camelot Interview to Theodore Harold White (1915-86) in Hyannisport, Mass., which is partly pub. in the Dec. 6 Life mag., the rest in White's 1978 memoir In Search of History: A Personal Adventure; it contains the soundbyte: "I'd get out of bed at night and play it for him, when it was so cold getting out of bed... on a Victrola 10 years old. And the song he loved most came at the very end of this record, the last side of Camelot, sad Camelot... 'Don't let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief shining moment that was known as Camelot'... There'll never be another Camelot again...", launching the JFK Camelot myth; ironically, English novelist Terence Hanbury White (1906-64) pub. The Once and Future King, about King Arthur and Camelot. On Nov. 29 Pres. Johnson signs Nat. Security Action Memorandum 273, reversing JFK's pullout of U.S. troops from Vietnam, or at least advisors. On Nov. 29 Pres. Johnson issues Executive Order 11130, establishing the Warren Commission, headed by chief justice Earl Warren, and incl. a motley crew of suspects, er, members, incl. former CIA dir. (1953-61) Allen Welsh Dulles (1893-1969), Sens. Richard Brevard Russell Jr. (1897-1971) (D-Ga.) and John Sherman Cooper (1901-91) (R-Ky.), U.S. Reps. Thomas Hale Boggs Sr. (1914-72) (the only one who disagrees with the Magic Bullet Theory, after which he has a mysterious fatal airplane crash in Alaska in 1972) and Gerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford Jr. (1913-2006), U.S. Treasury secy. #57 (1961-5) Clarence Douglas (Douglass) Dillon (1909-2003) (overseer of the Secret Service), and JFK advisor John Jay McCloy (1895-1989) (known for opposing the payment of German reparations after WWI, the bombing of the railways leading to Auschwitz in WWII, the atomic bombing of Japan, the compensation of Japanese-Am. POWs, and for his pardoning of Nazi war criminals) to coverup, er, investigate the assassination, which hears its first witness on Feb. 3, 1964, followed by 551 more, and on Sept. 24, 1964 pub. the 888-page Warren Commission Report (pub. in paperback by Bantam Books), claiming that lucky dog Oswald Wabbit did it all alone with three bullets, incl. the Magic (Single) Bullet Theory of Philly Dem. atty., commission junior counsel and future U.S. Repub. Sen. (1981-2011) Arlen Specter (1930-2112), the first shot, which hits both JFK and Connally and does a little too much work for one bullet, with a total lapse of all presidential security and all the wheels coming up cherries just clearing Oswald's way by luck, incl. the fact that the bullet needs to enter JFK's back at the base of the neck, no lower than the first thoracic vertebra (T1), when the JFK Death Certificate, signed by JFK's personal physician (since July) Rear Adm. George Burkley (1903-91) (who goes on to become LBJ's personal physician, and is promoted to vice-adm.), along with other reports place it lower at T3?; the Carcano has a muzzle velocity of 2K fps, when for the Magic Bullet Theory to work it has to have a velocity of at least 2.6K fps?; if the bullet entered the neck, it would have severed the spinal chord, making it impossible for him to reach for his throat, etc.?; there is no need for a Magic Bullet after accurate computer simulation takes account of Connally sitting on a jump seat 6 in. to the left of and 3 in. lower than JFK?; the Magic Bullet has been proved to have come from Oswald's rifle?; JFK's head was turned leftward and downward, putting only Oswald in a position to make a wound in the top right back of his skull?; Gerald R. Ford changes the final draft of the Warren Commission Report to have the bullet enter "the base of the back of his neck slightly to the right of the spine", which he later admits, saying "My changes had nothing to do with a conspiracy theory. My changes were only an attempt to be more precise"; in 2013 James Fetzer declares that he's solved the assassination, and that it was done by six shooters, not incl. Oswald; Tippit's widow receives $647,579 from sympathetic Americans, incl. $25K from Zapruder from the sale of his film; the assassination was really plotted in the Pentagon with Howard Hunt of the CIA by Gen. Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. (1924-2010)?; white English TV personality David Frost (1939-2013) (known for having an affair with African-Am. actress Diahan Carroll) holds a tribute to JFK on "That Was the Week That Was", causing his fame to spread to the U.S., after which Frost begins interviewing all British PMs since 1964 and U.S. presidents since 1969; black Beat poet Bob Kaufman (1925-86) takes a Buddhist vow of silence until the end of the Vietnam War in 1973, which he breaks by reciting his poem All Those Ships That Never Sailed; Lincoln-JFK Coincidences: Lincoln was first elected to Congress in 1846, JFK in 1946; Lincon was elected as pres. on 11-6-60, JFK on 11-8-60; both are succeeded by Southerners named Johnson, one born in 1808, the other in 1908; both are shot in the back of the head on a Fri. while their fashion plate wives (who die around the age of 64) are present; John Wilkes Booth was born in 1839, Oswald in 1939, and both are shot before they can come to trial; Booth did it in a theater and ran to a warehouse, while Oswald did it in a warehouse and ran to a theater; Lincoln is shot in Ford's theater, and JFK is shot in a Ford Lincoln; JFK's secy. (since 1953) is Evelyn Lincoln (1909-95), who advised him against going to Dallas, and makes a list of suspects after the assassination that incl. LBJ, Richard Nixon, the CIA, Communists, and the KKK; hours before his assassination, Lincoln tells White House guard William Henry Crook (1839-1915): "I believe there are men who want to take my life... And I have no doubt they will do it... If it is to be done, it is impossible to prevent it"; hours before his assassination, JFK tells his wife Jackie and personal advisor Ken O'Donnell: "If somebody wants to shoot me from a window with a rifle, nobody can stop it, so why worry about it?"; FBI agent Don Adams investigates States Rights Party and KKK member Joseph Adams Milteer shortly before the assassination, claiming that he bragged about how the best way to kill JFK was "from an office building with a high-powered rifle", and later claims he's the true assassin and that the FBI covered it up. On Nov. 29 an episode of Route 66 titled I'm Here to Kill a King is canceled because of the JFK assassination; it is aired next Mar. 20. On Nov. 30 the body of Karyn Kupcinet (b. 1940) is found in Los Angeles, Calif. two days after death; a few days before JFK's assassination she tried to place a long distance call, and the operator allegedly heard her scream that JFK was going to be killed. This is just one of 100+ suspicious deaths related to the JFK assassination - you know what I think of averages? In Nov. Romanian Communist leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej signs an agreement in Yugoslavia agreeing to construct an "Iron Gate" hydroelectric and navigation system on the Blue Danube River. On Dec. 1 Jackie Kennedy writes a letter to Khrushchev, with the soundbyte: "The danger which troubled my husband was that war might be started not so much by the big men as by the little ones. While big men know the needs for self-control and restraint, little men are sometimes moved more by fear and pride. If only in the future the big men can continue to make the little ones sit down and talk, before they start to fight." On Dec. 4 Malcolm X (1925-65) gives his Chickens Come Home to Roost Speech, where he philosophizes that the white violence against blacks that JFK failed to stop came back to haunt him. On Dec. 7 a videotaped instant replay is used for the first time in a live sports telecast of the Army-Navy Game (originally scheduled for Dec. 1, which JFK was planning on attending, and which is played at Jackie's request in his honor) as CBS-TV replays a 1-yard TD run by Army QB Rollie Stichweh. Navy defeats Army 21-15; should have had a replay two weeks earlier, in Dallas? On Dec. 8 Thailand dictator PM (since 1957) Sarit Thanarat (b. 1908) dies, and on Dec. 9 he is succeeded by anti-Communist gen. Thanom Kittikachorn (1911-2004), who becomes PM #10 of Thailand (until Oct. 14, 1973), becoming plagued by revelations of Sarit's corruption. On Dec. 8 Pan Am Flight 214 (Boeing 707-121) is struck by lightning near Elkton, Md, causing three fuel tanks to explode, then crashing and killing all 81 aboard. The man who stole Sinatra? On Dec. 9 Francis Albert "Frank" Sinatra Jr. (1944-), son of singer Frank Sinatra and 1st wife Nancy Barbato is kidnapped, then released in Los Angeles, Calif. on Dec. 11 after his father pays a $240K ransom (he offered $1M but they only demand $240K, and won't take the difference?); Barry Keenan (1942-), who set it up was a classmate of Nancy Sinatra, and is soon captured with his two accomplices by the FBI, and given life plus 75 years, but only serves 4.5 years, going on to become a successful real estate developer - to pay for the JFK hit? On Dec. 10 Walter Cronkite reairs a CBS News report from London on the Beatles that had been originally scheduled for the CBS Evening News of Nov. 22, launching the Beatles craze in the U.S.; meanwhile Capitol Records signs a right of first refusal agreement with the Beatles - the first known example of Tweeting? On Dec. 12 Kenya becomes independent from Britain; Mzee ("Elder") Jomo Kenyatta (1892-1978) (who won the country's first gen. election on May 27) becomes pres.-PM #1 of Kenya (until Aug. 22, 1978), assuring whites that his govt. won't retaliate for years of oppression, and they should stay - and get married and have kids who can grow up to be president of the U.S.? On Dec. 12 after govt. Bolivian agents kidnap several miners, other miners calling themselves the Housewives Committee strike back and seize a U.S. labor attache and several others at a COMIBOL meeting, then agree to release them after long negotiations. On Dec. 13 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1962, titled "Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Uses of Outer Space" is approved, declaring that outer space is free for exploration by all states on an equal basis, that exploration and use should be carried on for the benefit of all mankind, that it is not subject to nat. appropriation by claim of sovereignty or occupation, that astronauts shall be regarded as envoys of mankind, etc. On Dec. 14 the Baldwin Hills Dam in Los Angeles, Calif. breaks, destroying 65 homes and killing five. On Dec. 16 the U.N. Security Council votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 184 to admit Zanzibar; on Dec. 16 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 185 to admit Kenya. On Dec. 17 after U.S. Rep. (D-Ala.) (1963-5) Kenneth Allison Roberts (1912-89) introduces it on July 9, Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Clean Air Act, strengthening the 1955 Air Pollution Control Act by giving the federal govt. an active role, and incl. the first provision for citizen lawsuits; in 1967 the U.S. Air Quality Act is passed, followed by the U.S. Clean Air Extension Act in 1970, and more restrictive amendments in 1977 and 1990 - how long until the government taxes each breath? On Dec. 17 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1991 is adopted, increasing U.N. Security Council membership to 15 and U.N. Economic and Social Council membership to 27. On Dec. 19 500K+ West Berliners begin visiting relatives in East Berlin for the holidays on 1-day passes, becoming the first time that the Berlin Wall is opened (ends Jan. 5, 1964) - how else can they get to listen to some of that hot Beatles music? On Dec. 20 the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials of 24 WWII Auschwitz camp guards begins (end 1965), lasting 20 mo., during which 360 Auschwitz and Birkenau camp suvivors testify; too bad, they are tried under German rules rather than Nuremberg rules, and the trials end on Aug. 19, 1965, with most getting lenient sentences, and only six life sentences - tsk tsk? On Dec. 21 the Turk minority riots in Cyprus to protest anti-Turkish revisions in the constitution, after which both Turks and Greeks riot on Dec. 24. On Dec. 22 after the Nat. Christmas Tree at the White House is left dark, the 30-day mourning period for dead president Kennedy ends, and a Minute For Peace is broadcast, sponsored by John McConnell (1915-). On Dec. 22 (after suspecting CIA involvement in JFK's assassination?) former Pres. Harry S. Truman pub. an article in the Washington Post early ed. (excised from later eds.), warning about the dangers of the CIA, with the soundbytes: "For some time I have been disturbed by the way the CIA has been diverted from its original assignment. It has become an operational and at times policy-making arm of the Government. This has led to trouble and may have compounded our difficulties in several explosive areas", and "We have grown up as a nation, respected for our free institutions and for our ability to maintain a free and open society. There is something about the way the CIA has been functioning that is casting a shadow over our historic position and I feel we need to correct it." On Dec. 22 the Greek liner TSMS Lakonia (AKA MS Johan van Oldenbarnevelt) burns and sinks in the N Atlantic, killing 150. On Dec. 23 William Mann in the London Times calls John Lennon and Paul McCartney "the outstanding English composers of 1963". On Dec. 24 New York's Idlewild Airport is renamed JFK Airport. On Dec. 26 the Beatles waste no time releasing "I Want to Hold Your Hand" and "I Saw Her Standing There" to bored Yankee teenie girls. On Dec. 30 the U.S. Congress authorizes the Kennedy $1 bill, er, half-dollar coin, which is issued next Mar. 24. In Dec. Pres. Johnson attends the dedication of the Agudas Achim Synagogue in Austin, Tex., where they thank him for saving 400-500 Jews during WWII; LBJ tells an Israeli diplomat "You have lost a very great friend [JFK], but you have found a better one." On Dec. 30 the TV costume game show Let's Make a Deal, starring Winnipeg, Canada-born emcee Monty Hall (Halparin) (1921-2017) debuts on NBC-TV (until ?), switching to ABC-TV in 1968 and going into syndication in 1971. By winter 14K civil rights demonstrators are housed in Southern U.S. jails. After Charles de Gaulle objects, Britain's application for entry into the Common Market is rejected. Moshoeshoe II (1938-96) is crowned king of Lesotho - what shoe size does he wear? Iraq renounces its claim to Kuwait - oh really? A Marxist coup takes place in the People's Repub. of the Congo (Brazzaville), causing China and the Soviet Union to come knocking seeking influence, while France retains its role as trade partner with private enterprise continuing. Swaziland becomes a British protectorate; Transkei is given an internal self-govt. by South Africa; paramount chief Kaiser (Kaizer) Daliwonga ("maker of majesty") Matanzima (Mathanzima) (1915-2003) is elected as chief minister; his uncle Nelson Mandela condemns him for his de facto support of apartheid. Nepal abolishes polygamy, child marriage, and the caste system. French residents of Morocco become liable for French taxes. Denver, Colo.-born city auditor Thomas Guida "Tom" Currigan (1920-2014) (Roman Catholic) becomes Dem. Denver mayor #39 (until Dec. 31, 1968), going on to lead the cleanup of the Denver police burglary ring by appointing new police chief Harold Dill, create a Commission on Community Relationships and a Committee on City-Citizen Relationships, expand Stapleton Internat. Airport, build the Currigan Convention Center and Denver General Hospital, push the Skyline urban-renewal project in downtown Denver, create neighborhood health centers, and join Gov. John Love in bidding for the 1976 Winter Olympic Games in Mar. 1968, leaving office after two terms after saying that he can't afford to send his children to college on his $14K/year salary, moving to Los Angeles, Calif. to take a job as exec vice-pres. of civic and community affairs with Continental Airlines at $30K/year; in 1987 after retiring he returns to Denver and unsuccesfully campaigns against mayor Federico Pena. South Africa conducts joint nuclear tests with Israel, although Israel doesn't confirm it. New Orleans, La.-born Conservative Repub. Maxwell Lewis "Max" Rafferty (1917-82) becomes Calif. public schools supt. #22 (until 1971), going on to write a nationally-syndicated column, rail against public schools that don't teach patriotism, and fight the teaching of Darwinian Evolution and sex education when not fighting busing and teachers' strikes. The U.S. Board of Geographic Names bans the word "nigger" from federal maps; no more Nigger Gulch, Nigger's Knee, or Niggertree. La. makes the bald cypress its state tree. The Codex Alimentarius Commission is created by the Food and Agricultural Org. (FAO) and the World Health Org. (WHO), with one member for each U.N. member country, with the goal of setting food and veterinary stds. to protect consumer health and ensure fair food trade practices. Russian Jewish non-political poet Joseph Brodsky (1940-96) is arrested, then tried next year in a Soviet court for parasitism, with the judge asking him "Who gave you the authority to call yourself a poet?", and Brodsky replying "No one. Who gave me the authority to enter the human race?"; he is sentenced to five years of forced labor in Archangelsk, but after internat. protests by Jean-Paul Sartre, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Dmitri Shostakovich et al. his sentence is commuted in 1965, and he is exiled on June 4, 1972, ending up in the U.S., and going on to win the 1987 Nobel Lit. Prize. Soviet economist Nikolay Prokofyevich Fedorenko (1917-2006) becomes head of the new Central Economic Mathematical Inst. in Moscow (until 1985), going on to implement the System of Optimal Functioning of the Economy (SOFE), a computer network that uses linear programming to centrally plan the Soviet economy, surviving criticisms that the approach is too Western, and becoming a precursor to the Internet. Nikita Khrushchev's son-in-law Ivan A. Adzhubei becomes ed. of Izvestia, dropping out of sight when his father-in-law is ousted next year, then resurfacing after Mikhail Gorbachev rehabilitates him in 1987. In Oct. Genovese crime family member Joseph "Joe Cargo" Valachi (1903-71) testifies before the Sen. Committee on Organized Crime chaired by John Little McClellan (1896-1977) (D-Ark.) (1943-77), becoming the first organized crime member to publicly acknowledge its existence, and making the term "La Cosa Nostra" (this thing of ours) a household name - along with Jack Ruby? The SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) contintental air defense network begins operation in the U.S. (until 1984), with the largest computer system yet built. Front de liberation du Quebec (FLQ) is formed to protest Quebec's dependent status within the Dominion, protesting by placing bombs in mailboxes. The record alt. for an air-launched craft (354K feet) is set by a U.S. X-15; it is not broken until 2004. The city of Virginia Beach, Va. on the Atlantic coast near Norfolk is incorporated (modern pop. 180K). The 62MW Humboldt Bay Nuclear Power Plant in N Calif. begins operation (ends 1976). Am. faith healer Oral Roberts founds Oral Roberts U. "in the fire of evangelism" in Tulsa, Okla. English conservative Christian leader Mary Whitehouse (1910-2001) begins a campaign to clean up British TV, founding the Nat. Viewers' and Listeners' Assoc. (Mediawatch-UK in 2001) in Nov. 1965, which collects 500K signatures on a petition that is sent to the queen; in 1971 a Nat. Festival of Light in Trafalgar Square is attended by 50K. The U.S. Penitentiary, Marion 9 mi. S of Marion, Ill. (300 mi. S. of Chicago, Ill.) is founded as a medium-security facility for male inmates. Conservative Am. journalists Robert David "Bob" Novak (1931-2009) and Rowland Evans Jr. (1921-2001) found the Evans-Novak Report (until 2009), which is syndicated by the Chicago Sun Times, becoming known for its inside knowledge of Washington D.C. The Inst. for Policy Studies (IPS) leftist progressive think tank is founded in Washington, D.C. by ex-JFK advisors Marcus Raskin (1934-) and religious anti-globalist Richard Jackson Barnet (1929-2004) after they get fed up with JFK's failure to unilaterally disarm the U.S.; it starts out opposing the Vietnam War, and becomes a magnet for far leftists after their paradise Soviet Union falls; the motto is "Ideas Into Action for Peace, Justice, and the Environment"; in 1998 Am. economist John Cavanaugh (1955-) becomes dir. (until ?). The Rhinoceros Party of Canada is founded as a political satire by Canadian physician Jacques Ferron (1921-85), with the motto "Promise to keep none of cour promises"; it is dissolved in 1993. The Muslim Student Assoc. (MSA) is founded on Jan. 1 at the U. of Ill. in Champaign, Urbana by Iraqi Muslim immigrant activists connected with the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, with money from the Muslim World League, becoming a hotbed for bringing radical Islam to the U.S., and the mother of many front groups; in 1982 the Islamic Society of North Am. (ISNA) is spun off from it. Austrian-born Gerda Lerner (1920-2013) teaches the world's first women's history course at the New School for Social Research in New York City; after obtaining her Ph.D. from Columbia U., she founds the women's studies program at Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, N.Y., which in 1974 becomes the first to offer a graduate degree in women's history. The Federation of Student Islamic Societies is founded at the U. of Birmingham, England, spreading throughout the U.K. and Repub. of Ireland. The Mit Ghamr Savings Bank is founded in Egypt by the Muslim Brotherhood and economist Ahmad Elnaggar (El Najjar), implementing Sharia banking; in 1968 the Egyptian govt. shuts it down after Muslim Brotherhood-led demonstrations. Malaysia establishes the Tabung Haji (Pilgrim's Fund) to help Muslims save for their Hajj to Mecca. Filmation Associates' B&W animated series Rod Rocket debuts in syndication for 130 episodes, starring boy Rod Rocket and his best friend Joey (both voiced by Sam Edwards), who are sent by Prof. Argus (voiced by Hal Smith) to explore space in their spaceship Little Argo, where they encounter two bumbling Soviet cosmonauts. Pete Seeger et al. organize a concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City featuring the Freedom Singers to benefit the Highlander Folk School in New Market, Tenn., dir. by folk singer Guy Hughes Carawan Jr. (1927-2015), bringing the anthem We Shall Overcome, written in 1947 by white Spadra, Ark.-born Highlander student Zilphia Horton (Zilphia Mae Johnson) (1910-56) to public attention. Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa (La Giaconda) is exhibited in New York City and Washington, D.C. - Kennedy pull? The Marlborough Gallery in New York City, owned by Vienna-born Frank Lloyd (1912-98) opens, becoming the #1 art gallery on Earth, after which he gets caught up in the Mark Rothko Art Scandal in the 1970s and stinks himself up. The Royal Academy of London stages a Goya exhibition. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City holds an exhibit of the works of German-born Am. abstract expressionist Hans Hofmann (1880-1966). Japanese graphic designer Ikko Tanaka (1930-2002) founds a design studio in Tokyo, going on to become the top Japanese poster artist of the cent. The Chinese Historical Society of Am. in San Francisco, Calif. opens, becoming the first in the U.S. - Ah Toy? The Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize is established for the best vol. of poetry or novel by a British Commonwealth author under age 40. The Sting Ray, Chevrolet's 10th anniv. Corvette appears. Studebaker loses $28M, closes its U.S. plants and moves to Canada; designer Brooks Stevens moves to Harley-Davidson and creates their classic body designs, which are used until ?; meanwhile after 4K U.S. Studebaker employees lose their pensions, legislative effort begins that results in the 1974 U.S. Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). Mercedes-Benz introduces the 230 SL (sports lite). Calif.'s new Motor Vehicle Pollution Board requires PCV valves on cars sold in the state. Rolls-Royce introduces the first passenger car with a small light diesel with opposing pistons, first suggested in 1885. Homebrewing of beer is legalized in the U.K., followed by Australia in 1972, and the U.S. in 1978. After the 1962 New York City newspaper strike gives them the idea, The New York Review of Books (biweekly) is founded on Feb. 1 by Jason Wolkow Epstein (1928-), Elizabeth Hardwick (1916-2007) (2nd wife of Robert Lowell in 1949-72) et al.; it soon branches out from lit. criticism to lengthy sociopolitical essays; David Levine (1926-2009) begins producing brilliant caricatures for it; Tom Wolfe later calls it "the chief theoretical organ of Radical Chic". Ore.-born Philip H. "Phil" "Buck" Knight (1938-) conceives Nike Inc. (Gr. "victory") in Frank Shallenberger's small biz class at Stanford Business School, then travels to Japan this year and next to learn their way of doing biz, becoming known for wearing Oakley sunglasses and having a Nike "swoosh" tattoo on his left calf, founding the co. next Jan. 25 near Beaverton, Ore. as Blue Ribbon Sports (until 1971) and going on to build a billion-dollar shoe co. McDonald's, home of the golden arches hits the 1B hamburgers sold mark (after eight years in operation), and drops Speedee the clown (created 1948) in favor of Ronald McDonald, who is portrayed by Willard Scott in the clown's TV debut; he wears size 29EEE shoes. Pepsi-Cola Co. launches its "Pepsi Generation" campaign, created by ad exec Alan Maxwell Pottasch (1927-2007). Mary Kay Ash (1918-2001) founds her female pink Cadillac and furs cosmetic empire Mary Kay Cosmetics in Dallas, Tex. on Sept. 13 on multi-level marketing principles, proving that the Am. Dream is vibrantly pink. Andy Warhol gives his Flowers Exhibition at Galerie Ileana Sonnabend in Paris, which his Am. poet friend John Ashbery calls "the biggest transatlantic fuss since Oscar Wilde brought culture to Buffalo in the nineties", causing Warhol to throw a party for him in 1965 at the Factory. Stanley H. Durwood (1921-99) splits a movie theater in Kansas City, Mo. in half, inventing the multiplex cinema and founding AMC Theatres (Am. Multi-Cinema). Comcast is founded in Tupelo, Miss. by Ralph J. Roberts (1920-). Ailing RadioShack Corp. (founded 1921) is purchased by the leather shoe-parts maker Tandy Co. (founded 1919); in the 1970s it operates a chain of stores in the U.S. and U.K. The Berlin Philharmonic Concert Hall in Germany is built by Bernhard Hans Henry Scharoun (1893-1972). Ford debuts its Mustang 1 at the 1962 Grand Prix, with a boxy wedge-like body with rear-wheel drive and a 4-cylinder engine located behind the driver, with turn signals integrated in the bumper; the 1964 production model is completely different. A Swedish engineering firm begins a $40M 4.5-year effort to move the Great and Small Temples of Ramses II from Aswan before the waters rise over them, cutting them into 1,050 pieces of up to 33 tons each, and reassembling them 690 ft. farther up the rock face on the shores of the manmade Lake Nasser; they have to be dismantled and moved 7 ft. higher when the waterline of the dam is raised, and a 195-ft.-span dome built over them, finished in 1967. The Lascaux Cave in Montignac, France is closed to the public after tourists cause environmental damage. The Ford Foundation donates $7.7M to U.S. ballet. United Computing is founded in Torrance, Calif. to produce Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software, eventually releasing UNI-GRAPHICS; in 1976 it is acquired by McDonnell Douglas. Topless waitresses begin to appear in anything-goes San Francisco, Calif. After helping invent the miniskirt and hot pants and winning the first Dress of the Year award from the Fashion Museum in Bath, England, Blackheath, London-born fashion designer Harry Cun, er, Barbara Mary Quant (1934-) (Mrs. Plunket Greene) wears a minidress to Buckingham Palace to accept an award; in the 1970s-1980s she switches to household goods and makeup. Herbie Hancock (1940-) joins the Miles Davis Quintet, helping pioneer Jazz/Rock Fusion. After Bob Dylan's first major concert, Billboard Mag. utters the soundbyte that he is "the stuff of which legends are made". English singer Dusty Springfield (1939-99) goes solo after her group "The Springfields" breaks up, becoming "the White Lady of Soul". Am. Jewish singer Barbra Streisand (1942-) marries Am. Jewish actor Elliott Gould (ends 1969); they have son Jason in 1967. Black singer Wilson Pickett (1941-2006) of Detroit, Mich. leaves the Falcons to go solo, and links up with Jerry Wexler at Stax Records in Memphis, Tenn. in 1965. Bob Marley and the Wailers begin recording at the new Studio One record studio on Brentford Rd. in Kingston, Jamaica (first black-owned studio in Jamaica), run by Clement Seymour "Sir Coxsone" Dodd (1932-2004); their first releases are covers, and their album photos show them in suits and ties, and it takes until the late 60s before they get real, wear the dreadlocks and sing political songs, finally becoming internat. stars. Am. mezzo-soprano Tatiana Troyanos (1938-93) makes her debut at the New York City opera as Hippolyta in Benjamin Britten's "A Midsummer's Night Dream". Swiss accordionist Werner Thomas (1931-) begins performing the oom-pah-pah Chicken Dance in Davis, which starts a worldwide craze. Tareyton brand cigarettes (first offered in 1954) begin an ad campaign with the slogan "Us Tareyton smokers would rather fight than switch!", featuring users sporting black eyes (ends 1981). Cap'n Crunch breakfast cereal begins to be marketed in the U.S., starring Capt. Horatio Crunch. Bing Crosby receives the first Grammy Global Achievement Award. Plymouth, Mass.-born Dick Waterman (1935-) begins promoting blues artists, going on to found Avalon Productions, the first blues artist booking agency, signing Mississippi John Hurt, Booker "Bukka" White, Skip James, Son House, Sam "Lightnin' Hopkins, Arthur Crudup, Junior Wells, J.B. Hutto, Bonnie Raitt et al. The Pirelli Calendar begins pub. by Pirelli U.K., featuring glamorous photos of models, who clamor to appear in it; after being discontinued in 1974, it resumes pub. in 1984; too bad, it is only given as a corporate gift to a small number of customers and celebs. The Rolling Stones do an ad for Kellogg's Rice Krispies brand breakfast cereal. Tab diet cola, named for keeping tabs on one's weight begins to be marketed by the Coca-Cola Co., following Diet-Rite Cola into the diet soft drink market. Overweight New York City housewife Jean Nidetch (1923-) founds Weight Watchers, hooking up with garment exec Albert Lippert (1926-98) and going public in 1968, then selling out to H.J. Heinz Co. for $72M in 1978. Oscar Mayer Co. begins airing its Oscar Mayer Jingle, written by Richard D. Trentlage (lyrics) and Philip Bova (music); "Oh, I wish I were an Oscar Mayer wiener/ Taht is what I truly want to be/ 'Cause if I were an Oscar Mayer wiener/ Everyone would be in love with me." The fall collection of French fashion designer Jacques Heim features the pyramid look? Italian manufacturing tycoon Ferruccio Elio Arturo Lamborghini (1916-93) founds Automobili Lamborghini with the objective of competing with Ferrari; in 1964 their Ferrari-beating Lamborghini 350GT begins production, followed in 1966-73 by their Miura sports coup featuring rear mid-engine and rear-wheel drive, starting a trend for hi-performance 2-seater mid-engined sports cars, becoming the fastest production road car available. The luxury 2-door Porsche 911 sports coupe is introduced in the fall, featuring an air-cooled rear engine with independent rear suspension. Winslow Arms in Fla. begins selling super-expensive $1K bolt-action hunting rifles (until 1996). The Easy-Bake Oven is introduced by Kenner Products of Cincinnati, Ohio, using two 100-watt incandescent light bulbs, supplied with cake mix and small round pans, requiring only water, selling 500K the first year; by 1997 16M are sold. The Harbin Intenat. Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is founded in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, becoming the largest in the world, featuring enormous snow sculptures on Sun Island. Sports: On Jan. 9 new Cleveland Browns owner (since 1961) Arthur Bertram "Art" Modell (1925-2012) fires longtime coach (since its founding in 1945) Paul Brown. On Jan. 29 the first members of the Nat. Prof. Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio are named; it is dedicated on Sept. 7; complaints that it favors the NFL and snubs the AFL lead to the creation of the online Am. Football League Hall of Fame. On Feb. 14 the World Boxing Council (WBC) is founded in Mexico City, becoming a rival to the WBA. On Feb. 16 Mary Revell of the U.S. becomes the first to swim the 1.9 mi. Strait of Messina er, both ways. On Feb. 24 the 1963 (5th) Daytona 500 is won by DeWayne Louis "Tiny" Lund (1929-75), who subs for injured Marvin Panch, and coasts home after running out of gas; the first time that ABC-TV's Wide World of Sports covers the race. On Mar. 21 Am. featherweight boxer ("the Springfield Rifle") David S. "Davey" Moore (b. 1933) is killed in Dodger Stadium in a nationally televised match by Cuban boxer Ultiminio "Sugar" Ramos (1941-), after which Bob Dylan writes the 1964 song Who Killed Davey Moore?. On Apr. 9-18 the 1963 Stanley Cup Finals see the Toronto Maple Leafs defeat the Detroit Red Wings 4-1, becoming a 2-peat. On Apr. 14-24 the 1963 NBA Finals sees the Boston Celtics (coach Red Auerbach) defeat the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Fred Schaus) by 4-2. On May 22 Mickey Mantle hits a homer of Bill Fischer that ricochets off the facade in right field, coming within 18 in. of going out of Yankee Stadium in the 11th inning, giving the Yankees an 8-7 win over the Kansas City Athletics. On May 30 the 1963 (47th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Rufus Parnell "Parnelli" Jones (1933-), who almost wins the 1967 Indy 500 in a turbine car. On June 15 the San Francisco Giants and Milwaukee Braves stage a 5-hour game at the new Candlestick Park, with Willie Mays winning it by hitting the 428th pitch of the game over left field; Juan Marichal pitches for the Giants, Warren Spahn for the Braves. On July 22 Sonny Liston KOs Floyd Patterson in round 1 to retain his heavyweight boxing title. On Sept. 22 the Alou (real name Rojas) brothers Felipe Rojas (1935-), Mateo Rojas "Matty" Alou (1938-), and Jesus Maria Rojas Alou (1942-) all play outfield for the San Francisco Giants against the New York Mets in New York City. On Nov. 24 (Sun.) one of the greatest high school football games in yee-haw-we-killed-JFK Texas history is played between Lee and Brackenridge in San Antonio as running back Linus Baer leads Lee in a last-second 55-48 win over Brackenridge and future U. of Houston star Warren Douglas McVea (1946-). On Nov. 25 Sports Illustrated pub. the article A Guy Named Smith Is Striking It Rich, detailing how PBA bowlers make more money than other prof. sports stars; “This year the PBA will put on 38 tournaments and give away more than $1,050,000 in prize money. Of its 942 members, 65 are touring pros who compete in at least half of the tournaments. The minimum any one of them makes is $10,000 a year. Moreover, 15 of the bowlers are in the $30,000-a-year bracket, and there are four or five, including Don Carter, the most famous name in bowling, and Harry Smith, who earn upward of $75,000 annually", adding that Akron, Ohio-born Harry Monroe "Tiger" Smith (1930-), top bowler for 1963 (winner of the 1963 ABC Masters Championship) “does so well that he is able to support a wife and four children in style, tool around the circuit in a maroon Lincoln Continental and indulge a taste for epicurean delicacies. In short, he is the personification of the prosperity that has suddenly overtaken the world of professional bowling.” On Nov. 28 the Crusher defeats Verne Gagne in St. Paul, Minn. to become NWA champ. On Dec. 29 the 11-1-2 Chicago Bears defeat the 11-3 New York Giants on a freezing day by 14-10 to give "Papa" Bear George Halas his last of six titles (first 1921); he retires in 1967. James Nathaniel "Jim" Brown (1936-), #32 of the Cleveland Browns surpasses Joe Perry's 1958 record of 8,378 yards by rushing 8,390 yards. Jack Nicklaus wins his first Masters, followed by the Tournament of Champions in Las Vegas and the World Series of Golf in Akron, Ohio; Arnold Palmer fourpeats as the top money winner in golf for the year, with $128,230. Chateaugay (1960-85) (jockey B. Baeza) wins the Belmont Stakes and the Kentucky Derby. Charles Robert "Chuck" McKinley (1941-86) wins the Wimbledon men's singles title, and Margaret Court Smith (1942-) of Australia wins the women's title; the U.S. wins the Davis Cup for the first time in five years after defeating Australia 3-2. Miss.-born heavyweight boxer Archie Moore (1913-98) retires after straight 141 KOs since 1936. The Syracuse Nationals (founded 1946) move to Philadelphia, Penn., becoming the Philadelphia 76ers. The NFL New York Titans (founded in 1960) are bought by oil magnate Leon Hess (1914-99), entertainment industry exec David Abraham "Sonny" Werblin (1910-91) (chmn. of Madison Square Gardens, who builds the Meadowlands Sports Complex), and women's apparel manufacturer Philip H. "Phil" Iselin (1902-76) (all Jewish-Am.), becoming the New York Jets (AKA Gang Green); they play at the Polo Grounds until 1964, then switch to Shea Stadium; in 1984 they move to Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, N.J. Mikhail Botvinnik of the Soviet Union loses the world chess title to Georgian-born Tigran Vartanovich "Iron" Petrosian (1929-84) of the Soviet Union (known for his impenetrable defense), who becomes world chess champ #10 (until 1969); Bobby Fischer wins the U.S. chess title again with a perfect score of 11-0-0. Architecture: On Mar. 9 the Picasso Museum in Barcelona, Spain opens in five adjoining medieval palaces in Barcelona's La Ribera, becoming the first museum devoted to Picasso's work and the only one created duing his life, eventually housing 4,251 of his works. The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara Fountain in Ancient Siam (Ancient City) (Mueang Boran), Thailand opens, becoming the world's largest outdoor museum, featuring 116 monuments and architectural attractions. The Charterhouse of the Transfiguration on Mt. Equinox outside Arlington, Vt. is built by Chartreuse-slurping French-trained Carthusian monk Denys Rackley (1922-98) (finished 1969), becoming the first Carthusian monastery in North Am. The giant concrete Cite des 4000 in the Paris suburb of Le Courneuve is built to house the growing number of Muslim worker immigrants from N Africa, soon becoming a crime-filled ghetto. The London Park Lane Hilton Hotel in England opens, featuring 360-deg city views from the 28th floor. The 3-story 7.5K-sq.-ft. 5-bedroom 5-bathroom curvilinear clamshell Sleeper (Sculptured) House perched above I-70 in Genesee (15 mi. W of Denver), Colo., designed by N.M.-born architect Charles Utter Deaton (1921-96) (designer of Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Mo. in 1968) is built, later featured in the 1973 Woody Allen film "Sleeper"; in 1999 it is purchased by Denver Johnson-Grace software entrepeneur John Huggins for $1.33M, which he puts on the market for $10M after adding 5K more sq. ft., and sells for $3.43M in 2006. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Internat. Comm. of Red Cross and League of Red Cross Societies (Switzerland); Lit.: Giorgos Seferis (Georgios Seferiades) (1900-71) (Greece) (first Greek to win a prize); Physics: Eugene Paul Wigner (1902-95) (U.S.) [fundamental symmetry principles], Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906-72) (U.S.) (2nd woman to win), and Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (1907-73) (Germany) [nuclear shell structure]; Chem.: Karl Waldemar Ziegler (1898-1973) (Germany) and Giulio Natta (1903-79) (Italy) [complex molecules from simple carbons]; Med.: Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (1914-98), Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley (1917-) (U.K.), and Sir John Carew Eccles (1903-97) (Australia) [action potentials and proof of chemical synaptic transmission]. Inventions: In Feb. the easy-loading inexpensive $16 Instamatic 50 camera is introduced by Kodak in the U.K., followed by the 100 model in Mar. in the U.S., complete with built-in flashgun for AG-1 peanut flashbulbs, becoming super popular and bringing low-cost photography to the masses, selling 50M units by 1970; in 1970 Magicube flash technology is introduced, with pyrotechnic detonators; in 1972 the Pocket Instamatic is introduced with a smaller 110 cartridge, selling 25M units; 1976 the Instamatic X is updated with the Flipflash system; the last units are sold in 1988. On Aug. 7 the 2-seat Lockheed YF-12 prototype interceptor, based on the single-seat Lockheed A-12 makes its first flight, going on to set records of 2K+ mph and 80K+ ft. alt. until surprassed in 1976 by the SR-71. Czech-born Auschwitz-Buchenwald survivor Leslie Buck (Laszio Büch) (1922-2010 of the Northern Cup Co. creates the blue-white Anthora paper coffee cup with the inscripttion "We are happy to serve you"; in 1994 sales reach 500M/year. Ermal Cleon "Ernie" Fraze (1913-89) of Dayton, Ohio patents the push-in pull-back Pull Tab opener for aluminum cans, eliminating the need to discard tabs, selling the rights to Alcoa and Piitsburgh Brewing Co., makers of Iron City brand beer; in 1964 Royal Crown Cola Co. introduces it on their R.C. Col and Diet-Rite Cola brands. The 305m-diam. Arecibo Radio Telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico opens, later featured in the movies "Contact" and "Goldeneye". The 2-seat Collins Radio Co. Collins X-112 ground effect vehicle for use over water, designed by Munich, Germany-born designer Alexander Martin Lippisch (1894-1976) makes its first flight in Cedar Rapids, Iowa; it is followed by the RFB X-113, which makes its first flight in Oct. 1970; it is followed by the 7-seat RFB Aerofoil X-114, which can switch off the ground effect, which makes its first flight in Apr. 1977. Nobutoshi Kihara (1926-) of Sony develops the CV-2000, the first video tape recorder for home use, introduced next Aug. for $695 with 0.5 in. wide reel videotape. Am. engineer George Grover (1915-96) of the Los Alamos Nat. Lab invents the Heat Pipe. General Mills employee John Holahan (d. 2000) puts Circus Peanuts on Cheerios, inventing Lucky Charms brand cereal - tastier than Cheerios on your hairy chest? Am. inventor Robert William Kearns (1927-2005) invents the intermittent windshield wiper, and patents it next Dec. 1; too bad, after the Big Three all tell him to fork off, Ford Motor Corp. turns around and steals his patent in 1969, causing him to have to fight in court until 1990 to get royalties (when he is too old to enjoy it, making people glad that foreign competition is finally going to put them out of biz?); he is portrayed in the 2008 film Flash of Genius by Greg Kinnear. Philips Co. of the Netherlands invents the compact audio cassette, and next year introduces a home color TV. On Oct. 7 after Hannibal, Mo.-born William Powell "Bill" Lear (1902-78), co-inventor in the 1920s of the car radio founds Lear Jet Corp. to produce jets for private and business use, Wichita, Kan.-born aviator Hershel Clay Lacy (1932-) test-flies the $650K 8-passenger 560 mph Learjet 23, a modified Swiss-built military jet fighter into Van Nuys Airport near Hollywood, Calif., becoming the first mass-produced business jet. U. of Mich. engineers Emmett Leith (1927-2005), Juris Upatnieks (1936-), and Pieter van Heerden of Polaroid Labs invent Lensless Holography using the newfangled laser as a coherent light source, based on 1947 theoretical work of Hungarian-born British physicist Dennis Gabor (1900-79), who wins the 1971 Nobel Physics Prize for it. Edward Craven Walker (1918-2000) of Bournemouth, Dorset, England invents the Lava (Astro) Light (Lamp), using a Lucozade bottle, and its psychedelic mimicry causes it to become popular; too bad, a toxic ingredient scare in the 1970s shuts him down until 1992, when the Cresworth (Mathmos) Co. of England (named after a slimy lake in "Barbarella") obtains rights. Monroe Nash (1912-97) of the U.S. patents the modern method for making Gefilte Fish on Oct. 29. AVID Airline Products develops and manufactures the first Pneumatic Hollow Tube Headset for use on airlines, starting with TWA. Shell Oil Co. introduces the bright yellow fly-killing Shell No-Pest Strip, containing DDVP (Vapona); too bad, the toxicity combined with carcinogenic potential causes it to be withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1979, but it continues to be marketed in Mexico (until ?). Dow Chemical Co. introduces the Ziploc plastic bag to compete with Mobil Oil Corp.'s 1957 Baggie. Friction Welding is invented by TWI Ltd. in Cambridge, England. Science: On Apr. 18 Am. surgeon James Campbell performs the first human nerve transplant. On Oct. 12 Israeli archeologist Yigael Yadin (Sukenik) (1917-84) begins digging at Masada, Israel, site of the big Roman V against the Zealots in 73 C.E. A year in which science really digs the letter Q, and mathematics discovers its own queer stuff? In Nov. the search for the Omega Minus baryon particle begins at Brookhaven's 80-in. bubble chamber, using Kappa Minus particles, finally finding the first one on Jan. 27, 1964 after taking 300K photos (95,089th expansion), showing it decaying into a negatively charged pi particle and make a downward turn (also an invisible neutral xi particle); the search now turns for the elusive fundamental building block particle, the quark, "the greatest adventure of our time" (Murray Gell-Mann); Russian-born Am. physicist George Zweig (1937-) contributes to the concept. Am. mathematician Paul Joseph Cohen (1934-2007) answers the first of the 23 famous problems of David Hilbert of 1900, proving that the negation of the 1870s Cantor's 1878 Continuum Hypothesis is consistent with classical (Zermelo-Fraenkel) set theory, proving the independence of the Axiom of Choice and the Continuum Hypothesis from Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory using his new technique of Forcing, winning him the Fields Medal in 1966, becoming the first awarded for mathematical logic (until ?); Kurt Godel already proved in 1938 that the hypothesis itself is consistent with classical set theory; thus, there are two types of mathematics possible, one that claims the hypothesis is true and another that says it is false, freaking out philosophers with the revelation that math can neither prove nor disprove well-known concrete mathematical assertions - hey sugarfoot, how do you like your new home? Am. physician Vincent J. Freda (1928-2003) et al. of Columbia U. discover that the Rhogam Vaccine stops an Rh-negative woman's body from attacking her fetus' blood cells when the father is Rh-positive. Steven R. Hofstein of RCA pub. the basic idea of the Metal Oxide Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET), constructed on a silicon planar process platform; in 1965 Am. applied physicist Robert W. Bower (1936-) of Hughes Research Labs adds a self-aligned gate; in 1965 Hofstein patents the first Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) electronic watch. Am. opthalmologist Charles D. Kelman (1930-) develops Ultrasonic Phacoemulsification to liquify cataracts with an ultrasonic probe and then suction them out without having to remove the lens, reducing a 10-day hospital stay to an outpatient procedure; in the 1970s he develops artificial lenses. After his 12-variable computer weather model gives grossly different weather patterns depending on minute variations in the initial values of the variables, Am. mathematician Edward Norton "Ed" Lorenz (1917-2008) pub. the paper Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow, in which he describes the Lorenz Attractor, and coins the term Butterfly Effect, issuing the soundbyte: "One meteorologist remarked that if the theory were correct, one flap of a seagull's wings could change the course of weather forever", with Ray Bradbury's butterfly (from a 1952 short story) later substituted, becoming the beginning of Chaos Theory, the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions; unsung heroines Ellen Fetter and Margaret Hamilton program the big clunky Royal McBee LGP-30 computer for him at MIT. "Chaos: When the present determines the future, but the approximate present does not approximately determine the future." (Lorenz) Jewish-Am. physicist Roy Jay Glauber (1925-) creates a theoretical model for photodetection, winning the 2005 Nobel Physics Prize. Italian archeologist Paolo Mathiae (1940-) of the U. of Rome begins surveying the plains of NW Syria, beginning excavations next year at Tell Mardikh (modern-day Ebla, Syria) (35 mi. SW of Aleppo), and in 1974-5 discovering the 1.8K clay cuneiform Ebla Tablets, dated to -2500 to -2250, becoming the most important archeological find of the 20th cent., confirming the site as ancient Ebla ("white rock") (c. -3500), proving the Eblaite Kingdom was the first recorded world power, equal to Egypt and Mesopotamia. New York City-born social psychologist Stanley Milgram (1933-84) pub. an article about the Milgram Experiment, showing people obeying authority figures even when ordered to punish the innocent; the Lost Letter Experiment finds that letters addressed to "Friends of the Communist Party" etc. will be reposted far less than letters addressed to "Medical Research Associates" etc. The cyanide-containing anti-cancer drug Laetrile, derived from amygdalin in apricot pits, first isolated in 1830 by Pierre-Jean Robiquet (1780-1840), and promoted as "Vitamin B-17" by San Francisco physician Ernst T. Krebs Sr. (1877-1970) and his son Ernst T. Krebs Jr. (1912-96) is banned, making it more popular?; in 1972 Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center puts cancer researcher Kanematsu Sugiura (1890-1979) onto the task of proving it doesn't work, but his results indicate that it might, causing the hospital to stage a coverup, which leaks in 1973, pumping up Laetrile advocates. Am. geneticist Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008) (1958 Nobel Med. Prize) coins the term "euphenics" for a movement seeking to improve the human species through prenatal chemical manipulation of genes - Joshua fit the Battle of Playing God? Am. biologist Alexander Rich (1924-2015) discovers Polysomes, clusters of ribosomes that read a single strand of mRNA simultaneously. Dutch-born Am. astronomer Maarten Schmidt (1929-) discovers the first Quasar (Quasi-Stellar Radio Source) (3C 273) using the Mount Palomar Telescope in Calif.; it is 1B l.y. from Earth, has a large red shift indicating that it is receding at a high speed (30K mi. per sec.), and is 200x as bright as the entire Milky Way Galaxy; by the mid-1970s 2K quasars are found - Galileo Galileo Galileo Figaro? Hyron Spinrad (1934-) of UCB confirms the absence of liquid water on Mars. Am. physicians Thomas Earl Starzl (1926-) and Francis Daniels Moore (1913-2001) perform the first Liver Transplant in Denver, Colo. Croatian-born Jewish-Am. chemist Leo Henryk Sternbach (1908-2005) of Roche Labs in N.J. develops the anti-anxiety drug Valium (Diazepam), the first "blockbuster drug", which in 1969-82 becomes the most prescribed drug in the U.S. (2.3B in 1978); although he makes zillions for Roche, he never becomes wealthy. Azerbaijan-born, Iranian-raised electrical engineer Lofti Asker Zadeh (1921-) of UCB pioneers Fuzzy Sets, pub. his first paper on them in 1965, then going on to invent Fuzzy Logic in 1973. Paul Arthur Zahl (1910-85) of the Nat. Geographic Society discovers the three tallest known Redwood trees, each more than 360 ft. tall, in the "worm", a wriggly protusion at the S end of Redwood Nat. Park (established in 1968). A man has a chimpanzee kidney transplanted into him at Tulane Medical School in New Orleans, La., and lives for 9 mo. Nonfiction: Poul Anderson (1926-2001), Is There Life on Other Worlds? Hannah Arendt (1906-75), Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil; NYT reporter and German-born secular Jew (student-lover of Martin Heidegger, and student of Karl Jaspers) shocks Jews by portraying Israeli PM David Ben-Gurion as a cynical puppetmaster and Eichmann as a patsy bureaucrat, and accusing the Judenrate (Jewish councils) in Nazi Europe of "sordid and pathetic" behavior that facilitated Nazi extermination of Jews, after which she claims that they "excommunicated" her. Kenneth J. Arrow (1921-), Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care; founds Health Economics. Eliot Asinof (1919-2008), Eight Men Out; the 1919 Black Sox scandal. James Baldwin (1924-87), The Fire Next Time (essays). Albert Bandura (1925-), Social Learning and Personality Development. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Blues People: Negro Music in White America. Harry Elmer Barnes (1889-1968), Blasting the Historical Blackout in Britain: Professor A.J.P. Taylor's "The Origins of the Second World War", Its Nature, Reliability, Shortcomings and Implications. Harold J. Barnett and Chandler Morse, Scarcity and Growth: The Economics of Natural Resources; shows how price declines throughout history show increased availability of natural resources. S.A. Barnett, The Rat: A Study in Behaviour; Principles of Ethology and Behavioural Physiology, Displayed Mainly in the Rat; becomes std. textbook for rat cage-kicking psych students. Walter Jackson Bate (1918-99), John Keats (Pulitzer Prize). Simone Beauvoir (1908-86), Force of Circumstances (autobio.). Nora Beloff (1919-97), The General Says No: Britain's Exclusion from Europe. Ray Allen Billington (1903-81), Words That Won the West (Nov. 18); America's Frontier Heritage. Wilfred Bion (1897-1979), Elements of Psychoanalysis. Alton L. Blakeslee (1914-97) and Jeremiah B. Stamler, Your Heart Has Nine Lives: Nine Steps to Heart Health. Paul Blanshard (1892-1980), Religion and the Schools: The Great Controversy. Carl Blegen (1887-1971), Troy and the Trojans; Am. archeologist dates the fall of Troy to 1250 B.C.E. John Morton Blum (1921-2011), William S. McFeely (1930-), Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (1917-2007), and Kenneth Milton Stampp (1912-2009), The National Experience: A History of the United States; becomes a a popular textbook, going through several eds. Robert Bly (1926-2021), A Wrong Turning in American Poetry; pub. in Choice mag.; claims that Am. verse is lacking in spirituality and "inwardness", and is cut off from the unconscious mind, going on to found the Mythopoetic Men's Movement that leads men away from political and social advocacy to performance of Native Am. rituals. Medard Boss (1903-90), Psychoanalysis and Daseinsanalysis; combined Ludwig Binswanger and Martin Heidegger to found a new type of psychotherapy. Margaret Bourke-White (1904-71), Portrait of Myself (autobio.) Fenner Brockway (1888-1988), Outside the Right (autbio.). John Brooks (1920-), The Fate of the Edsel and Other Business Adventures. John Campbell Bruce (1906-96), Escape from Alcatraz; filmed in 1979 starring Clint Eastwood and Patrick McGoohan. Paul van Buren (1924-68), The Secular Meaning of the Gospel: Based on an Analysis of Its Language; agrees with the Death of God theology (while denying that he's a member of the movement) and adding that because of modern science and techology ruling out the Old Man in the Sky it no longer possible to speak of God acting in the world, but must hold onto Jesus of Nazareth, "the man who defines what it means to be a man", "a free man who hs set other men free." James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014), The Deadlock of Democracy: Four-Party Politics in America; complains about how a divided or oppositional Congress can become an obstacle to progress even with a strong leader in the White House, calling for an end to midterm elections and a population-based Senate, advocating repeal of the 22nd Amendment to allow presidents to have more than two terms; Government by the People: The Dynamics of American National Government. Bryher (1894-1983), The Heart to Artemis: A Writer's Memoirs (autobio.); about her super-rich daddy. Eddie Cantor (1892-1964), As I Remember Them (autobio.). Norman F. Cantor (1929-2004), Medieval History: The Life and Death of a Civilization; becomes the all-time bestseller in its field; rev. in 1968, 1974, and in 1993 as "The Civilization of the Middle Ages". (originally "Medieval History: The Life and Death of a Civilization"); Daniel Harold Casriel (1924-83), So Fair a House: The Story of Synanon; how he was wowed by visiting the Synanon community on the U.S. West Coast, and in Feb. 1963 gave seven members $2K to start one on the East Coast; this year he also founds Daytop (Drug Addicts Treated on Probation) (Drug Addicts Yield to Others' Persuasion) Village, a halfway house for convicted drug addicts. Alfred Cobban (1901-68), The Social Interpretation of the French Revolution; French trans. pub. in 1984; 2nd ed. 999; causes a firestorm of controversy by reversing the Marxist materialist view of a class rev. by the bourgeoisie against the nobility that first went to the right then to the left as the proletariat joined in, transforming France from feudalism to capitalism, instead arguing that daily life didn't change much after the French Rev. because it was only a political rev., founding the Historical Revisionist School of the French Rev.; after the dust settles, the main critics are from the Annales School, who consider the 1789 French Rev. as part of a "long history" of 19th cent. rev. France. Wilbur Joseph Cohen (1913-87), The Elimination of Poverty in the United States. James Bryant Conant and N.H. Black, The Education of American Teachers. Edward Crankshaw, The Fall of the House of Habsburg. Lee Cronbach (1916-2001) et al., Theory of Generalizability: A Liberation of Reliability Theory; defines Generalizability (G) Theory. Richard N. Current (1912-2012), The Lincoln Nobody Knows; tries to dispel the myths about Lincoln, incl. the theory that some Cabinet members were in on the assassination; claims that Lincoln was more savvy in law, economics, military tactics than heretofore believed. Donald Herbert Davidson (1917-2003), Actions, Reasons and Causes; disputes Ludwig Wittgenstein's assertion that an agent's reasons for acting cannot be the causes of his action, with the soundbyte "rationalization is a species of ordinary causal explanation". Isaac Deutscher (1900-67), The Prophet Outcast: Trotsky, 1929-1940; #3 in Trotsky trilogy (begun 1954). Lovat Dickson (1902-87), The House of Words: The Memoirs of a Publisher (autobio.). Will Durant (1885-1981) and Ariel Durant (1898-1981), The Story of Civilization, Part VIII: The Age of Louis XIV; 1648-1715. Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969), Mandate for Change, 1953-1956 (autobio.); his first admin. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Myth and Reality. M. Stanton Evans (1934-), Allan H. Ryskind, and William Schulz, The Fringe on Top: Political Wildlife Along the New Frontier. Richard P. Feynman (1918-88), Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003) and Robert Meister, A Literary Guide to Seduction. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003) and Jacob Vinocur, The Continuing Debate: Essays on Education for Freshmen. Ian Fleming (1908-64), Thrilling Cities (Nov.); travelogue of James Bond-ish locales incl. Monte Carlo, Macau, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Berlin, Geneva, and Las Vegas. Robert James Forbes (1900-73), A History of Science and Technology (2 vols.). Betty Friedan (1921-2006), The Feminine Mystique (Feb. 19); "the problem that has no name" (the illusion that women find personal fulfillment as mothers and wives?), which can be solved by women leaving the home and going into the workforce; "Pulled the trigger on history" (Alvin Toffler); goes into paperback next year and sells 3M copies in 18 languages, sparking a social rev. - after all, look at Marilyn Monroe? Milton Friedman (1912-2006) and Anna Jacobson Schwartz (1915-), A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960; claims that changes in the rate of growth of the money supply (monetary policy) profoundly influence economic fluctuations, pushing the monetarist view that steady control of the money supply by govt. is necessary, while Keynsian govt. controls are bad and the free market good; claims that the Great Depression was caused by the Federal Reserve System - there's something else going on here? Erich Fromm (1900-80), The Dogma of Christ and Other Essays on Religion, Psychology and Culture. Herman Northrop Frye (1912-91), The Educated Imagination; The Well-Tempered Critic. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), Ideas and Integrities, a Spontaneous Autobiographical Disclosure (autobio.); No More Secondhand God and Other Writings; Education Automation: Freeing the Scholar to Return. Bruno Furst (1891-1965), You Can Remember! A Home Study Course in Memory and Concentration - TLW's favorite? David Galula (1919-67), Pacification in Algeria; French counterinsurgency expert tells how to do it by gaining the support of the native pop. and protecting them from reprisals. Nathan Glazer (1923-) and Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1927-2003), Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians and Irish of New York City; an ethnographic study of New York City, launching an "ethnic revival". Paul Goodman (1911-72), The Community of Scholars; Drawing the Line. Constance McLaughlin Green (1897-1975), Washington: Capital City, 1879-1950. George Gurdjieff (1866-1949), Meetings with Remarkable Men (autobio.) (posth.); #2 in the All and Everything Trilogy. Oscar Handlin (1915-2011), The Americans: A New History of the People of the United States. Gerald Heard (1889-1971), The Five Ages of Man: The Psychology of Human History; coins the term "Leptoid Man" (Gr. lepsis = "leap") for the 5th stage of expanded consciousness; "We are aware of our precarious imbalance: of our persistent and ever-increasing production of power and our inadequacy of purpose; of our critical analytic ability and our creative paucity; of our triumphantly efficient technical education and our ineffective, irrelevant education for values, for meaning, for the training of the will, the lifting of the heart, and the illumination of the mind." Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), The Making of Economic Society; becomes std textbook. Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005) and Peter L. Bernstein (1919-2009), A Primer on Government Spending. Michel Henry (1922-2002), L'Essence de la Manfestation. Christian Archibald Herter Sr. (1895-1966), Toward an Atlantic Community. Theodor Heuss (1884-1963), Erinnerungen, 1905-1933 (autobio.). Richard Hofstadter (1916-70), Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (Pulitzer Prize) (don't tell me you have no interest in science whatsoever, that's the way the bunny hops, don't say I didn't warn you, Dr. Jekyll?); The Progressive Movement, 1900-1915. Eric Hoffer (1898-1983), The Ordeal of Change; "It is easier to love humanity as a whole than to love one's neighbor." Sidney Hook (1902-89), The Paradoxes of Freedom; the place of the U.S. Constitution and judicial review, incl. the role of the Supreme Court if a Constitutional Convention is convened. Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), Fishing for Fun - And to Wash Your Soul - especially after that JFK coverup? Bob Hope (1903-2003), I Owe Russia $1200. Hedda Hopper (1885-1966), The Whole Truth and Nothing But (autobio.). Random House, McCall's Cookbook; "Here is your book, the one your thousands of letters have asked us to publish". Irving Howe (1920-93), A World More Attractive: A View of Modern Literature and Politics. David Irving (1938-), The Destruction of Dresden; internat. bestseller about the Feb. 1945 Allied firebombing; too bad, he cooks up a figure of 135K victims, which is later deflated, helping lead to his downfall. Richard W. Jennings (1908-91) and Harold Marsh Jr., Securities Regulation: Cases and Materials; first casebook on securities regulation. Haynes Johnson (1931-), Dusk at the Mountain. Carl Jung (1875-1961), Memories, Dreams, Reflections (autobio.) (posth.). Josiah Kariuki (1929-75), Mau Mau Detainee. Morton Keller (1929-), The Life Insurance Enterprises, 1885-1910. Morton Keller (1929-) (ed.), The New Deal: What Was It? Robin D.G. Kelley (1962-), Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class. Walter Kerr (1913-96), Theater in Spite of Itself. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), Suicide of a Nation?. Simon Kuznets (1901-85), Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations; reveals an inverted U-shaped relation between income inequality and economic growth, meaning that economic growth increases income disparity between rich and poor in poor countries but decreases it in wealthy countries. Ann Landers (1918-2002), Ann Landers Talks to Teenagers About Sex. Walter LaFeber (1933-), The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion, 1860-1898 (first book) (Beveridge Award); argues that economic forces were the primary cause of America's rise to world power in the 19th cent., going through 35 eds. Victor Lasky (1918-90), JFK: The Man and the Myth: A Cultural Portrait; tries to shatter the Camelot image by questioning his PT-109 adventure and his political record, calling the 1960 pres. election the "crime of the century" because of ballot box stuffing in Tex. and Ill. Ivo John Lederer (1930-98), Yugoslavia at the Peace Conference: A Study in Frontiermaking. Michael Leigh (1948-), The Velvet Underground (Bizarre Sex Underground) (Sept.); about the underground 1960s sexual rev., incl. wife swapping, orgies, S&M, gay sex, etc. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), Istanbul and the Civilizations of the Ottoman Empire. Assar Lindbeck (1930-) et al. The Housing Shortage: A Study of the Price System in the Housing Market; Swedish economist shows how rent control leads to homelessness. Walter Lord (1917-2002), Peary to the Pole. Dwight Macdonald (1906-82), Our Invisible Poor. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), The Presidential Papers; essays to help instruct JFK in "existential styles of political thought"; too bad, JFK is killed soon after its pub. Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973), The Existential Background of Human Dignity. Abraham Maslow (1908-70), Eupsychian Management: A Journal; how management that incorporates synergy leads to individual self-actualization. Gavin Maxwell (1914-69), The Rocks Remain; sequel to "Right of Bright Water"; his ottters Edal, Tedko, Mossy, and Monday lose their fear of humans and get dangerous. Ernst Walter Mayr (1904-2005), Animal Species and Evolution; punctuated equilibrium. Mary McCarthy (1912-89), Theatre Chronicles. Eric Louis McKitrick (1919-2002), Slavery Defended: The Views of the Old South. William H. McNeill, The Rise of the West. Robert L. Middlekauff (1929-), Ancients and Axioms: Secondary Education in Eighteenth-Century New England (first book). Kenneth Minogue (1930-2013), The Liberal Mind: The Psychological Causes of Political Madness; the modern crisis of the term liberal being coopted by the radical left when real liberalism is based on the tradition of thinkers incl. Adam Smith, Benjamin Constant, Adam Ferguson, Alexis de Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill et al., who built the foundation for a conservative perspective that defends civility, decency, and moderation, along with an honest transparent public sphere where people can freely pursue happiness. Jessica Mitford (1917-96), The American Way of Death; expose of the U.S. funeral industry. Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), Visible Saints: The History of a Puritan Idea. Farley Mowat (1921-), Never Cry Wolf; their main food source is yummy field mice? Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), The Highway and the City. Howard Nemerov (1920-91), Poetry and Fiction: Essays. Peter Charles Newman (1929-), Renegade in Power: The Diefenbaker Years; destroys John Diefenbaker's career? Roy Franklin Nichols (1896-1973), Blueprints for Leviathan: American Style. Philip Noel-Baker (1889-1982), The Way to World Disamament - Now!. Ernst Nolte (1923-), Fascism In Its Epoch (The Three Faces of Fascism); English trans. in 1965; fascism arose as a reaction to modernity, and functioned at three levels: political (opposition to Marxism), sociological (opposition to bourgeois values), metapolitical (resistance to the spirit of modernity). Sean O'Casey (1880-1964), Under a Colored Cap (essays). Will Oursler (1913-85), Family Story (autobio.); son of Fulton Oursler (1893-1952). John Dos Passos (1896-1970), Brazil on the Move. Charles Petrie (1895-1977), King Alfonso XIII and His Age; Philip II of Spain. Richard Pipes (1923), Social Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement, 1885-1897. Norman Podhoretz (1930-), My Negro Problem - And Ours; by the ed. of Commentary mag. (1960-95); how blacks oppressed him (a Jew) as a child, and the solution is "the wholesale merging of the two races" as "the most desirable alternative for everyone concerned". Richard Poirier (1925-) and Reuben Arthur Brower (eds.), In Defense of Reading: A Reader's Approach to Literary Criticism. Sumner Chilton Powell (1924-93), Puritan Village: The Formation of a New England Town (Pulitzer Prize); uses records from Sudbury, Mass. from 1638-60 to trace every settler back to England, showing how every Puritan town of English immigrants is unique. Nathan Marsh Pusey (1907-2001), The Age of the Scholar: Observations on Education in a Troubled Decade. Maxwell Lewis Rafferty (1917-82), Suffer, Little Children. Jean Raspail (1925-), Hong Kong: A Reprieve for China. Elmer Rice (1892-1967), Minority Report (autobio.). Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), What Has Government Done to Our Money?; banking is just a form of fiat money?; America's Great Depression. R.J. Rushdoony, The Messianic Character of American Education; Protestant theologian argues for home schooling; "Education in this era is a messianic and utopian movement" for which the state has "become the saving institution", and the schools proclaimers of "a new gospel of salvation" seeking "superimposition of the state... on every order of life and every sphere of human activity"; "Education today occupies an equivocal position in contemporary life, functioning both as a scapegoat for every failure and as a catch-all for every hope and expectation of society"; "There is no escaping this dilemma of socialization, with its subversion of learning to the goals of the state, except by the radical disestablishment of the schools, the separation of school and state." Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), Essays in Skepticism; "I wish to propose for the reader's favourable consideration a doctrine which may, I fear, appear wildly paradoxical and subversive. The doctrine in question is this: that it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true"; Unarmed Victory; the Cuban and Sino-Indian crises and his role in them. Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. (1888-1965), In Retrospect: The History of a Historian. Frithjof Schuon (1907-98), Understanding Islam; comparative religion approach; goes through several eds.; "Islam is the meeting of man as such, and God as such." Carl Schmitt (1888-1985), Theory of the Partisan: A Commentary/Remark on the Concept of the Political; based on lectures given in Spain in 1962; praises the Spanish Civil War as a war of nat. liberation against internat. Communism. Theodore W. Schultz (1902-98), The Economic Value of Education. Francis Butler Simkins (1897-1966), The Everlasting South (essays). Alfred Pritchard Sloan Jr. (1875-1966), My Years with General Motors. C.P. Snow (1905-80), The Two Cultures and a Second Look. Ezra Solomon (1920-2002), The Theory of Financial Management; helps turn the study of finance into a theory-based discipline; becomes a member of the Council of Economic Advisors in 1971-3, helping end the U.S. gold standard for currency and the Bretton Woods system of exchange rates. Pitirim Sorokin (1889-1968), A Long Journey (autobio.). Laurence Stallings (1894-1968), The Doughboys: The Story of the AEF, 1917-1918; anti-black racism in WWI. Gloria Steinem (1934-), I Was a Playboy Bunny. Fritz Stern (1926-), The Politics of Cultural Despair (first book); the rise of Illiberalism incl. Paul de Lagarde, Julius Langbehn, and Arthur Moeller van den Bruck. Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), Instead of Death; 2nd ed. 1976. Jerald Tanner (1938-2006) and Sandra Tanner (1941-), A Study of Mormon History and Doctrine (Mormonism: Shadow or Reality?), ex-Mormon activists expose the different accounts of Joseph Smith Jr.'s First Vision, and question the character and integrity of the witnesses to the Book of Mormon; "The heavyweight of all books on Mormonism." (Dean Helland, Oral Roberts U.) John William Tebbel, From Rags to Riches: Horatio Alger Jr. and the American Dream; sticks with the 1928 Herbert R. Mayes bio., keeping the hoax alive until the 1970s. John Terraine (1921-2003), Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier; attempts to defend the rep of British WWI Gen. Douglas Haig, "the Butcher of the Somme", portraying him as the brilliant victor of the war in France who saw the slaughter as the only way to break Germany; Ordeal of Victory. E.P. Thompson (1924-93), The Making of the English Working Class; concentrating on the English artisan and working class society "in its formative years 1780 to 1832"; "I am seeking to rescue the poor stockinger, the Luddite cropper, the 'obsolete' hand-loom weaver, the 'utopian' artisan, and even the deluded follower of Joanna Southcott, from the enormous condescension of posterity." Edward Oakley Thorp (1932-), Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One; first book to advocate card counting in blackjack. Alice B. Toklas (1877-1967), What is Remembered (autobio.); ends abruptly with Gertrude Stein's death. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), Universal States; "The Dominant Minority creates a universal state, the Internal Proletariat a universal church, and the External Proletariat a bevy of barbarian war-bands"; Universal Churches; the flip-side, keeping civilization alive. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975) and Philip Toynbee (1916-81), Comparing Notes: A Dialogue Across a Generation. Philip Toynbee (1916-81) and Maurice Richardson, Thanatos, a Modern Symposium at Which Nine Characters Argue at Quarles. Tang Tsou (1919-99), America's Failure in China: 1941-1950; blames the Commie win on the corruption and infighting of the Nationalist govt. Irwin Unger (1927-), The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865-1879 (Pulitzer Prize). Aileen Ward (1919-), John Keats: The Making of a Poet. Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society (Fred Franz), Babylon the Great Has Fallen! God's Kingdom Rules!; the Jehovah's Witnesses pub. a kick-ass book ramping up Alexander Hislop, portraying not just the Roman Catholic Church but all of the Protestant sects as corrupt, and themselves as the only avenue where the holy photographers will snag us for the Armageddon Parade. Alan W. Watts (1915-73), The Two Hands of God: The Myths of Polarity. Paul West (1930-), The Modern Novel. Edmund Wilson (1895-1972), The Cold War and the Income Tax: A Protest; how the fight against the Soviet Union is causing U.S. civil liberties to be infringed; this from a man who didn't pay his income taxes in 1946-55 and ends up with a $25K fine after his connections to JFK get the original $69K reduced. Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), Philosophical Investigations (posth.). Graham Wootton, The Politics of Influence: British Ex-Servicemen, Cabinet Decisions and Cultural Change, 1917-57. Art: Balthus (1908-2001), La Chambre Turque (1963-6). Marc Chagall (1887-1985), The Revolution; Circus Rider with Bouquet (lithograph). Richard Diebenkorn (1922-93), Cityscape 1. Lucian Freud (1922-), Self-Portrait III. Allen Jones (1937-), Man Woman. Lee Krasner (1908-84), Another Storm. Agnes Martin (1912-2004), Starlight. Marisol (1930-), The Family (painted wood sculpture). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Eve Vielle. Justin McCarthy (1891-1977), Washington Crossing the Delaware; based on the 1815 Emanuel Leutze painting. Barnett Newman (1905-70), 18 Cantos (1963-4); supposed to be evocative of music. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Head of a Woman; donated to the Museum of Contemporary Art in Skopje, Macedonia. Bridget Riley (1931-), Fall. Larry Rivers (1923-2002), French Money. James Rosenquist (1933-), Tumbleweed (barbed wire sculpture). Pan Tianshou (1897-1971), Red Lotus. Wayne Thiebaud (1920-), Three (Gumball) Machines. Andy Warhol (1928-87), Double Elvis; Elvis as a gunslinger; sells for $37M in 2012; Triple Elvis; Eight Elvises; sells for $100M in 2008; Silver Car Crash (Double Disaster) (photos); sold by Sotheby's in Nov. 2013 for $105M. Music: Jay and the Americans, Only in America (#28 in the U.S.); "Only in America can a guy from anywhere go to sleep a pauper and wake up a millionaire". The Angels, My Boyfriend's Back (July) (#1 in the U.S.); Linda Jansen (Jankowski) (lead vocals), and sisters Barbara Allbut and Phyllis Albut. Eddy Arnold (1918-2008), Cattle Call (album). The Bachelors, Charmaine. Joan Baez (1941-), Joan Baez in Concert, Part 2 (album) (Nov.) (#7 in the U.S.); incl. her first cover of Bob Dylan songs, Don't Think Twice It's Alright and With God on Our Side; incl. We Shall Overcome, recorded in May at Miles College in Birmingham, Ala. during a civil rights protest. Samuel Barber (1910-81), Piano Concerto No. 1 (Pulitzer Prize #2). Ray Barretto (1929-2006), El Watusi; first Latin song to enter the Billboard charts. Shirley Bassey (1937-), I (Who Have Nothing). The Beatles, Please Please Me (album) (debut) (Mar. 22); John Lennon (1940-80), Paul McCartney (1942-) (bass), George Harrison (1943-2001), Ringo Starr (1940-) (drums); 8 of the 14 songs are written by Lennon and McCartney; incl. I Saw Her Standing There, Misery, Anna (Go to Him) (by Arthur Alexander), Chains (by Gerry Goffin and Carole King), Boys (by Luther Dixon and Wes Farrell), Ask Me Why, Please Please Me (Jan. 11) (first hit in the U.K.), Love Me Do, P.S. I Love You, Baby It's You (by Mack David, Barney Williams and Burt Bacharach), Do You Want to Know a Secret?, A Taste of Honey (by Bobby Scott and Ric Marlow), There's a Place, Twist and Shout (by Phil Medley and Bert Russell); From Me to You (Apr. 11) (first to chart in the U.S., at #116); She Loves You (Aug. 23) (first to be labelled "Lennon/McCartney" rather than "McCartney/Lennon"); I Want to (Wanna) Hold Your Hand (Nov. 29) (first made on 4-track equipment, and first Billboard #1 hit). The Rockin' Berries, Wah Wah Woo (debut); Itty Bitty Pieces; from Birmingham, England, incl. Clive Lea (1942-), Chuck Botfield (1943-) (guitar), Geoffrey "Geoff" Turton (1944-) (guitar), Roy Austin (1943-)/Bobby Thompson (1942-) (bass), and Terence "Terry" Bond (1943) (drums); a non-Liverpool group who look like the Beatles and sing like the Beach Boys? Luciano Berio (1925-2003), Passaggio. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Diploma for Two; Memphis, Tennessee. Marcie Blane (1944-), Bobby's Girl (Jan. 3). The Beach Boys, Surfin' USA (album #2) (Mar. 25); incl. Surfin' USA (Feb. 17), Farmer's Daughter, Stoked, Lana, Let's Go Trippin', Miserlou (based on Dick Dale's "Misirlou"); Surfer Girl (album #3) (Sept. 23); incl. Surfer Girl, Little Deuce Coupe, In My Room. James Brown (1933-2006) and the Famous Flames, Live at the Apollo (album) (May) (#2 in the U.S.); recorded on Oct. 24, 1962 with the Famous Flames (Bobby Byrd, Bobby Bennett, Lloyd Stallworth); gives him nat. popularity; incl. Try Me, Think, Lost Someone; Prisoner of Love (first top-20 U.S. hit). Joe Brown and the Bruvvers, That's What Love Will Do. Dora Bryan (1924-), All I Want for Christmas is a Beatle; English actress of "Taste of Honey" fame scores a quickie hit; "I told mum that nothing else will do/ There are four, so she can have one too". Anita Bryant (1940-), Greatest Hits (album). Sandy Bull (1941-2001), Fantasias for Guitar and Banjo (album) (debut). Henri Busser (1872-1973), Diafoirus 60 (opera) (Lille); update of Moliere's "Le Malade Imaginaire". Carl Butler (1924-92) and Pearl Butler (1927-89), Don't Let Me Cross Over (Jan. 3). Glen Campbell (1936-2017), Too Late to Worry, Too Blue to Cry (album #2) (Apr.). The Caravelles, You Don't Have to Be a Baby To Cry. Ronnie Carroll, Say Wonderful Things. Cascades, Rhythm of the Falling Rain. Johnny Cash (1932-2003), Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash (album #16) (Aug. 6) (#1 country) (#26 in the U.S.); incl. Ring of Fire (Apr. 19) (#1 country) (#17 in the U.S.); written by June Carter and Merle Kilgore; "I fell into a burning ring of fire./ I went down down down, and the flames went higher./ And it burns burns burns, the ring of fire, the ring of fire." Richard Chamberlain, Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo. Ray Charles (1930-2004), Busted; Take These Chains From My Heart; Don't Set Me Free; Without Love (There Is Nothing); The Brightest Smile in Town. The Chiffons, He's So Fine (by Lonnie Mack) (#1 in the U.S., #16 in the U.K. (later unintentionally plagarized by George Harrison in "My Sweet Lord"); One Fine Day (by Gerry Goffin and Carole King) (#5 in the U.S., #29 in the U.K.), I Have A Boyfriend (#36 in the U.S.); is playing on Dallas radio station KLIF on Nov. 22, 1963, and is interrupted by the first bulletin of the JFK assassination; from Bronx, N.Y., incl. Judy Craig, Patricia Bennett, Barbara Lee, and Sylvia Peterson. Lou Christie (1943-), Two Faces Have I (Mar.) (#6 in the U.S.); written by Christie and Twyla Herbert. Nat King Cole (1919-65), Those Lazy, Hazy, Crazy Days of Summer (#6 in the U.S.). Keith Colley, Enamorado. Judy Collins (1939-), Judy Collins #3 (album #3) (Mar.) (#126 in the U.S.); arranged by Roger McGuinn, later of The Byrds; incl. Farewell (by Bob Dylan), The Bells of Rhymney (by Idis Davies and Pete Seeger), Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season) (by Pete Seeger). John Coltrane (1926-67), Impressions (album) (July); incl. India, which turns on Roger McGuinn and The Byrds, who base their 1966 single "Eight Miles High" on it. Arthur Conley (1946-2003) and the Corvets, Poor Girl (debut); I Believe; Flossie Mae. Sam Cooke (1931-64), Another Saturday Night (#10 in the U.S.). John Corigliano (1938-), Sonata for Violin and Piano; makes him a classical star. The Cougars, Saturday Nite at the Duckpond. Henry Dixon Cowell (1897-1965), 26 Simultaneous Mosaics. Crystals, Then He Kissed Me; Lala Brooks, Barbara Alston, Darlene Love; Da Doo Ron Ron; He's a Rebel. Johnny Cymbal, Mr. Bass Man. Dick Dale (1937-) and the Del Tones, King of the Surf Guitar (album #3); incl. King of the Surf Guitar, (Ghost) Riders in the Sky, Hava Nagila; Checkered Flag (album #4). Bobby Darin (1936-73), You're the Reason I'm Living (#3 in the U.S.); Eighteen Yellow Roses (#10 in the U.S., #27 in the U.K.). Billie Davis, Tell Him. Jan and Dean, Surf City (#1 in the U.S.); Drag City (#10 in the U.S.). Karl Denver Trio, Still. Jackie DeShannon (1944-), Needles and Pins (#84 in the U.S.); written by Sonny Bono (1935-98) and Jack Nitzsche (1937-2000). Bo Diddley (1928-2008), Bo Diddley's Beach Party (album); Surfin' with Bo Diddley (album). Dion (1939-) and the Belmonts, Donna the Prima Donna (#6 in the U.S.); Drip Drop (#6 in the U.S.). Fats Domino (1928-2017), Red Sails in the Sunset; There Goes (My Heart Again); I Can't Give You Anything But Love; Who Cares - he's talking about his tanking records sales? Freddie and the Dreamers, If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody (by James Ray) (#3 in the U.K.); You Were Made for Me (#3 in the U.K.); I'm Telling You Now (#2 in the U.K.); from Manchester, England, incl. 5'3" lenseless hornrimmed-glasses-wearing Freddie Garrity (1936-2006), Roy Crewdson (1941-) (vocals), Derek Quinn (1942-) (guitar), Pete Birrell (1941-) (bass), and Bernie Dwyer (1940-2002) (drums). The Drifters, Up On the Roof (#5 in the U.S.), On Broadway (by Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil, Jery Leiber, and Mike Stoller) (#9 in the U.S.). Bob Dylan (1941-), The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan (album #2) (May 27) (#22 in the U.S.) (#1 in the U.K.); cover shows him with his babe (1961-4) Suzsan Elizabeth "Ruze" Rotolo (1943-2011); incl. Blowin' in the Wind, Don't Think Twice, It's Alright ("You just kinda wasted my... precious time"). Duane Eddy (1938-) and The Rebels, Boss Guitar (#28 in the U.S.) (#27 in the U.K.). Bern Elliot and the Fenmen, Money (Nov.); Liverpool Merseybeat group. Shirley Ellis (1941-), The Nitty Gritty (#8 in the U.S.). The Everly Brothers, (So It Was, So It Is) So It Always Will Be. Adam Faith (1940-2003) and the Roulettes, The First Time (#5 in the U.K.); Walkin' Tall (#23 in the U.K.); We Are in Love (#11 in the U.K.). The Dave Clark Five, Glad All Over. Carlisle Floyd (1926-), The Sojourner and Mollie Sinclair (opera) (Feb. 12) (Raleigh, N.C.). Folkways Records, Broadside Ballads, Vol. 1 (album); by folk musicians Blind Boy Grunt (Bob Dylan), Pete Seeger, Phil Ochs, Peter La Farge, and The Freedom Singers; incl. Dylan's I Will Not Go Down Under the Ground (Let Me Die in My Footsteps), a duet with Bronx, N.Y.-born folk singer Harry Peter "Happy" Traum (1938-); in 1963 Happy Traum and his New World Singers record the first version of Blowin' in the Wind. The Fourmost, Hello Little Girl (debut) (#9 in the U.K.); I'm in Love (#17 in the U.K.); Merseybeat group from Liverpool, England, incl. Brian O'Hara (1941-), Mike Millward (1942-66), Billy Hatton (1941-62), and Dave Lovelady (1942-). Inez Foxx (1942-) and Charlie Foxx (1939-98), Mockingbird. Jean Francaix (1912-97), Six Preludes for Strings. Connie Francis (1938-), Mala Femmena; Italian Lullaby. Billy Fury (1940-83), In Summer; Somebody Else's Girl; Live I've Never Been Gone; talk about an Elvis complex? France Gall (1947-), Ne Sois Pas Si Bete (Don't Be So Stupid) (Nov.); launches her career in France. Marvin Gaye (1939-84), Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage (album) (Sept. 9); makes him #2 in Motown after Mary Wells. Stan Getz (1927-) (sax) and Joao Gilberto (1931-) (guitar), Getz/Gilberto (album); spawns a bossa nova craze in the U.S.; wins the first album of the year Grammy for jazz (1965) (next 2008). Jimmy Gilmer (1940-) and The Fireballs, Sugar Shack (1963) (#1 in the U.S., #45 in the U.K.); Long Long Ponytail. Tom Glazer (1914-2003), On Top of Spaghetti; big children's hit; "On top of spaghetti, all covered with cheese/ I lost my poor meatball, when somebody sneezed." Lesley Gore (1946-2015), I'll Cry if I Want To (album) (June) (#24 in the U.S.); incl. It's My Party (Apr.) (#1 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.), Judy's Turn to Cry (#5 in the U.S.); Lesley Gore Sings of Mixed-Up Hearts (album #2) (Nov.); incl. She's a Fool (#5 in the U.S.), You Don't Own Me (#2 in the U.S.). Eydie Gorme (1931-), Blame It on the Bossa Nova (Mar.); I Walk the Line. Edyie Gorme (1931-) and Steve Lawrence (1935-), I Want to Stay Here. Dale and Grace, I'm Leaving It Up to You. George Hamilton IV (1937-), Abilene; written by Bob Gibson (1931-96) and John D. Loudermilk (1934-); performed in the 1963 film "Hootnanny Hoot". Herbie Hancock (1940-), My Point of View (album #2) (Mar. 19); Inventions and Dimensions (album #3) (Aug. 30). Jet Harris (1939-) and Tony Meehan, Applejack; Diamonds. Heinz (1942-2000), Just Like Eddie; tribute to Eddie Cochran; Country Boy; too bad, on Feb. 3, 1967 his producer Robert George "Joe" Meek (1929-1967) kills himself plus his landlady with a shotgun traced to him, ruining his career. Benny Hill (1924-92), Harvest of Love. Al Hirt (1922-99), Honey in the Horn (album); incl. Java. Jimmy Holiday (1934-87), How Can I Forget? (debut). The Hollies, Ain't That Just Like Me (May) (#25 in the U.K.); Searchin' (by the Coasters) (#12 in the U.K.); Stay (#8 in the U.K.); named after Xmas holly; from Lancashire, England, incl. Harold Allan Clarke (1942-) (vocals), Graham William Nash (1942-) (guitar), Eric Haydock (1943-) (bass), Tony Hicks (1943-) (guitar), and Robert Hartley "Bobby" Elliott (1942-) (drums); they take the Beatles' slot at the Cavern Club this year and end up #3 in the British Invasion after the Beatles and Rolling Stones. Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 18 ("Circe"), Op. 204 (ballet). Frank Ifield (1937-), I'm Confessin' (That I Love You); Be Nobody's Darlin' But Mine. Etta James (1938-2012), Pushover. Swinging Blue Jeans, Good Golly Miss Molly (Mar.); You're No Good (May). Jack Jones (1938-), Call Me Irresponsible; Wives and Lovers. Johnny Kidd and the Pirates, I'll Never Get Over You. Boy and His Rollin' Kids, Midnight in Malaya; from Indonesia, incl. Boy Jansen (1935-2006). The Kingsmen, Louie Louie; written in 1955 by Richard Berry (1935-97), who recorded it with the Pharaohs in 1957; it allegedly has some dirty lyrics, ask me sometime where; spawns a zillion garage bands who all can play its three chords at the sock hop, incl. Motorhead, Sonics, Toots and Maytals, Troggs; on Feb. 1, 1964 Indiana gov. Matthew Walsh tries to ban it for obscenity. The Kingston Trio, Rev. Mr. Black; Greenback Dollar; written by Hoyt Axton (1938-99). Kathy Kirby (1940-), Secret Love (debut); Dance On; English flawed Marilyn Monroe lookalike with a perfect-pitch soprano voice; too bad, her beau JFK is soon gone, and so is her career? "Spider" John Koerner (1938-), Dave "Snaker" Ray (1943-2002), and Tony "Little Sun" Glover (1939-), Blues, Rags and Hollers. Billy J. Kramer (1943-) and the Dakotas, Do You Want to Know a Secret?; I'll Be on My Way; Bad to Me (I Call Your Name); I'll Keep You Satisfied; The Cruel Sea; group launched by producer George Martin to do the Beatles' unreleased hits, billed as the "Merseybeat"; they also try the Mike Maxfield song The Cruel Surf (Sea). Steve Lawrence, Go Away Little Girl (Jan. 3). Brenda Lee (1944-), By Request (album); incl. I Wonder (#25 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.), The Grass Was Greener (#17 in the U.S.), As Usual (#12 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.); My Whole World is Falling Down; Too Many Rivers (album); incl. Too Many Rivers (#13 in the U.S., #22 in the U.K.), Think (#25 in the U.S). Barbara Lewis (1943-), Hello Stranger (debut) (May); Straighten Up Your Heart (Aug.). Carter-Lewis and the Southerners, Your Momma's Out of Town; John Carter (1942-) and Ken Lewis (1942-). Trini Lopez (1937-2020), Trini Lopez Live at PJ's (album) (debut) (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (1M copies); incl. If I Had a Hammer (#3 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.), Kansas City (#23 in the U.S., #35 in the U.K.), La Bamba. Darlene Love (1941-), Why Do Lovers Break Each Other's Hearts (under the name Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans); Today I Met the Boy I'm Gonna Marry; Not Too Young to Get Married; Wait 'Til My Bobby Gets Home; A Fine, Fine Boy; Christmas (Baby Please Come Home). Kenny Lynch (1939-), Misery; first Lennon-McCarthy song covered by somebody else; You Can Never Stop Me Loving You. Henry Mancini (1924-94), The Days of Wine and Roses (album); incl. Days of Wine and Roses (with Johnny Mercer). Manfred Mann, Why Should We Not? (July 26) (debut); Cock-a-Hoop (Oct. 25) (a state of boastful elation); from S England, incl. Manfred Mann (Manfred Sepse Lubowitz) (1940-) (from South Africa) (keyboards), Michael "Mike" Hugg (1942-) (drums), Michael "Mike" Vickers (1940-) (guitar/sax), Dave Richmond (bass), and Paul Jones (Pond) (1942-) (lead vocals), who is replaced in July 1966 by Michael David "Mike" d'Abo (1944-). Al Martino (1927-), I Love You Because. Susan Maughan (1942-), Hand a Handkerchief to Helen; She's New to You. Little Peggy March (1948-), I Will Follow Him; 14-y.-o. 4'10" singer becomes youngest female with a #1 hit (until 1998); too bad, her mgr. squanders her money and leaves her with $500. Peter, Paul and Mary, Moving (album #2) (Jan. 15) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Puff the Magic Dragon (#2 in the U.S.), This Land is Your Land (by Woody Guthrie); In the Wind (album #3) (Oct.) (#1 in the U.S.); reaches #1 a few weeks before the JFK assassination and a few mo. before the Beatles Invasion; incl. Big Boat, Settle Down (Goin' Down That Highway), Blowin' in the Wind (by Bob Dylan) (#2 in the U.S.) (1M copies), Don't Think Twice, It's Alright (#9 in the U.S.). Curtis Mayfield (1942-99) and the Impressions, It's All Right. Gene McDaniels (1935-), Spanish Lace (album #7); incl. Spanish Lace; The Wonderful World of Gene McDaniels (album #8). Gian Carlo Menotti (1911-2007), Labyrinth (opera) (first opera made for TV only); Death of the Bishop of Brindisi; Le Dernier Sauvage (The Last Savage) (opera) (Opera Comique, Paris) (Apr. 2); makes a star of Italian soprano Adriana Maliponte (1938-) as Sardula. Ned Miller (1925-), From a Jack to a King. Charles Mingus (1922-79), The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (album) (July); recorded on Jan. 20 in New York City, a 6-movement ballet; incl. Solo Dancer. The New Christy Minstrels, Merry Christmas (album #2); In Person (album #3); Tell Tall Tales (album #4); Ramblin (album #5); incl. Green, Green (by Randy Sparks and Barry McGuire). The Miracles, The Fabulous Miracles (album #4) (Feb. 28); incl. You've Really Got A Hold On Me, A Love She Can Count On, I've Been Good To You (John Lennon's favorite Miracles song); The Miracles Recorded Live on Stage (album) (May); Christmas with The Miracles (album #5) (Oct.); incl. Christmas Everyday; The Miracles Doin' Mickey's Monkey (album #6) (Nov.); incl. Mickey's Monkey; popularizes the dance called the Monkey. Thelonious Monk (1917-82), Thelonious Monk in Italy (album #15); recorded Apr. 21, 1961; Monk's Dream (album #16); incl. Bright Mississippi; Criss Cross (album); Monk in Tokyo (album); Miles and Monk at Newport (album). Bob Moore (1932-) and Jimmie Riddle (1918-82), Little Eefin' Annie; the king of eefing Jimmie Riddle has his only eefing hit. Mickie Most (1938-2003), Mister Porter; after this most mickey mouse U.K. hit, he gets a job putting records on racks, in 1976 founding RAK Records (get it?)after discovering the Animals, Herman's Hermits, Donovan, Lulu, Suzi Quatro, and the Jeff Beck Group - did he make the most of it? The Murmaids, Popcicles and Icicle (#3 in the U.S.); produced by Kim Fowley (1939-). Les Mustangs, Drums; No lo Ves. Ricky Nelson (1940-85), It's Up to You. Anthony Newley (1931-99), There's No Such Thing As Love; The Father of Girls. Wayne Newton (1942-), Danke Schoen. Jack Nitzsche (1937-2000), The Lonely Surfer (album). Odetta (1930-2008), Odetta Sings Folk Songs. Roy Orbison (1936-88), In Dreams (album) (July)); incl. In Dreams/Shahadaroba (Feb.) (#7 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); Falling/ Distant Drums (May) (#22 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.); Blue Bayou/ Mean Woman Blues (Aug. 1) (#29 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); Pretty Paper/ Beautiful Dreamer (Nov.) (#15 in the U.S., #6 in the U.S.). The Orlons, All the Hits by The Orlons (album) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Don't Hang Up (#4 in the U.S., #39 in the U.S.) (1M copies). Gerry and the Pacemakers, How Do You Do It? (by Mitch Murray) (Mar.) (#1 in the U.K.); I Like It (by Mitch Murray) (May) (#1 in the U.K.); You'll Never Walk Alone (by Rodgers and Hammerstein) (Oct.) (#1 in the U.K.); originally Gerry Marsden and the Mars Bars; managed by Brian Epstein; from Liverpool, England, incl. Gerry Marsden (vocals). Paul and Paula, Young Lovers. Krzysztof Penderecki (1933-), St. Luke Passion (1963-6); becomes popular as a snub to Commie authorities in E Europe. Gene Pitney (1940-2006), Mecca (Mar.) (#7 in the U.S.); beats the Beatles to Indian psychedelic music?; Twenty Four Hours from Tulsa (Oct.) (#3 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.). Brian Poole and the Tremeloes, Twist and Shout; Do You Love Me (#1 in the U.K.) (by The Contours). Peter Posa (1943-), The White Rabbit; guitarist from New Zealand becomes an internat. star. Elvis Presley (1935-77), One Broken Heart for Sale/ They Remind Me Too Much of You (Jan.); It Happened at the World's Fair (album) (Apr.); Devil in Disguise/ Please Don't Drag That String Around (June); Elvis' Golden Records Vol. 3 (album) (Sept.); Bossa Nova Baby/ Witchcraft (Oct.); Fun in Acapulco (album) (Nov.). Paul Revere and The Raiders, Paul Revere and The Raiders (album); incl. Louie Louie. Cliff Richard (1940-), Summer Holiday; It's All in the Game; Bachelor Boy; Lucky Lips; Don't Talk to Him; The Next Time. Boots Randolph (1927-2007), Yakety Sax (#35 in the U.S.); later used as the theme of "Benny Hill". Jim Reeves (1923-64), Welcome to My World; a favorite of Meher Baba. Martha Reeves (1941-) and the Vandellas, Come and Get These Memories (debut); named after Van Dyke St. in Detroit and Della Reese, not after the Ethiopian succubus; (Love is Like a) Heat Wave (July 9) (#4); Quicksand (Oct.) (#8). Marty Robbins (1925-82), Begging to You (#1 country) (#74 in the U.S.). Tommy Roe (1942-), Everybody; The Folk Singer. The Ronettes, Sleigh Ride; Be My Baby (#1 in the U.S.); Baby, I Love You (#24 in the U.S.).; lead singer is Ronnie Spector (Veronica Yvette Bennett) (1943-2022), "the original bad girl of rock & roll", along with elder sister Estelle Bennett (1941-2009) and their cousin Nedra Talley (1946-); produced by Phil Spector; the beginning of studio pop? Ruby and the Romantics, Our Day Will Come (debut); written by Mort Garson (1924-2008) and Bob Hilliard (1918-71); Ruby Nash Curtis (1939-); My Summer Love; Hey There Lonely Boy. Bobby Rydell (1942-), Wildwood Days; Little Queenie; Let's Make Love Tonight; Forget Him (#4) (his own epitaph as the Beatles Invasion ends his career?). Kyu Sakamoto (1941-85), Sukiyaki (original title "Ue o Muite Aruko" = "I Look Up When I Walk") (#1 in the U.S.) (hits #1 in June); first Japanese or foreign language single to become #1 on the Billboard pop chart; next "Dominique" the same year; composed by Hachidai Nakamura (1931-92), lyrics by Rokusuke Ei (1933-); about a man who looks up and whistles while walking so his tears won't fall. Vito and The Salutations, Unchained Melody (#60 in the U.S.). Mongo Santamaria (1917-2003), Watermelon Man; written by Herbie Hancock. Mike Sarne (1940-), Code Of Love. The Searchers, Sweets for My Sweet (debut) (#1 in the U.K.); Sugar and Spice (1963) (#2 in the U.K.); Meet the Searchers (album) (debut) (June); from Liverpool, England; founded in 1959 by Mike Pender (1942-) (guitar, vocals) and John McNally (1941-) (guitar, vocals); incl. Anthony Paul "Tony" Jackson (1938-2003)/Frank Allen (1943-) (bass), Chris Curtis (Crummy) (1941-2005) (drums); named after the 1956 John Wayne Western "The Searchers". The Four Seasons, Walk Like a Man. Pete Seeger (1919-2014), Little Boxes; written by Malvina Reynolds (1900-78). Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Montezuma (opera) (composed 1947, and first performed). The Shadows, Atlantis; Foot Tapper; Dance On; Shindig. Del Shannon (1934-90), Two Kinds of Teardrops (Apr.) (#50 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.). Allan Sherman (1924-73), My Son, the Celebrity (album); My Son, the Nut (album); incl. Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh (A Letter from Camp); set to "Dance of the Hours" by Amilare Ponchielli, from his 1876 opera "La Gioconda"; "Here I am at Camp Grenada/ Camp is very entertaining/ And they say we'll have some fun if it stops raining". Frank Sinatra (1915-98), My Kind of Girl. Jimmy Soul (1942-88), If You Wanna Be Happy. Soeur Sourir ("Sister Smile") (Sister Luc Gabriel) (Jeanine Deckers) (1933-85), The Singing Nun (album); incl. Tous les Chemins, Dominique (#1 in the U.S.) (first foreign language Billboard #1 hit since "Sukiyaki" earlier this year; next "Eres Tu" in 1973); written by Noel Regney (1922-2002), about the 13th cent. Roman Catholic anti-Cathar Crusade, named after his 2nd wife Dominique Gillain; Belgian closeted lesbian Dominican nun from the Fichermont Convent near Waterloo, Belgium becomes a hit after the JFK assassination because she breaks the ice and cheers people up? Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans, Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah (album) (debut) (only album); Why Do Lovers Break Each Other's Hearts?; Not Too Young to Get Married. Phil Spector (1939-2021), A Christmas Gift to You from Phil Spector (album); features Bobby Sheen and Darlene Love; greatest rock & roll Xmas album of all time?; incl. The Bells of St. Mary's (Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans), Here Comes Santa Claus (Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans). The Spotnicks, Amapola; The Spotnicks in Paris (album #2); Just Listen to My Heart. Dusty Springfield (1939-99), I Only Want to Be With You (#12 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); makes her the 2nd artist of the British Invasion after the Beatles to make the Billboard 200, starting at #77 in Jan. 1964, while the Beatles have "She Loves You" at #69, and "I Want to Hold Your Hand" at #3. Dusty Springfield (1939-99) and the Springfields, Island of Dreams. Say I Won't Be There. Ray Stevens (1939-), This is Ray Stevens (album); incl. Harry the Hairy Ape. The Rolling Stones, Come On. The Strangers, Sunday. Barbra Streisand (1942-), The Barbra Streisand Album (album) (debut) (Feb. 25); original title "Sweet and Saucy Streisand"; wins the album of the year Grammy; no, she doesn't want a nose job?; incl. Cry Me a River, Happy Days Are Here Again, A Sleepin' Bee. The Supremes, When the Lovelight Starts Shining Through His Eyes; reaches #23, after releasing eight singles from 1961-3 which never chart in the top-40, causing them to become known as the "no-hit Supremes"; incl. Diane Ernestine "Diana" Ross (1944-), Florence Glenda "Flo" "Blondie" Ballard (1943-76), Mary Wilson (1944-), Betty McGlown (1943-), and Barbara Diane Martin (1944), all from the Brewster-Douglass housing project in Detroit, Mich. The Surfaris, Wipe Out (debut) (May) (original title "Switchblade") (#2 in the U.S.); becomes the #1 Calif. surfer anthem; starts out with the sound of a breaking surf board; from Glendora, Calif., incl. Ron Wilson (1945-89) (drums), Jim Fuller (1947-) (guitar), Bob Berryhill (1947-) (guitar), Pat Connolly (1947-) (bass), and Jim Pash (1948-) (sax); Surfer Joe; Point Panic (surfing spot in Hawaii). Swingle Sisters, Bach's Greatest Hits (album); formed in Paris by Ward Swingle (1927-), Christiane Legrand (1930-) (daughter of composer Raymond Legrand), Anne Germain, Jeanette Baucomont, and Jean Cussac; incl. Partita No. 2 in C minor Sinfonia. Los Indios Tabajaras, Maria Elena. The Tammys, Egyptian Shumba. Nino Tempo (1935-) and April Stevens (1936-), Deep Purple (#1 in the U.S.); written in 1938, with music by Peter DeRose (1900-53), lyrics by Mitchell Parish (1900-93); brother-sister team; she speaks the lyrics while he sings. Randall Thompson (1899-1984), A Feast of Praise; The Best of Rooms; based on texts by Robert Herrick (1591-1674). Ken Thorne (1924-), Theme from The Legion's Last Patrol. The Big Three, The Big Three (album) (debut); Timothy Alan Patrick "Tim" Rose (1940-2002), Cass Elliot (1941-74), James "Jim" Hendricks; they break up after Elliot and Hendricks get married. Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), Concerto for Orchestra; The Vision of St. Augustine. The Tornados, Telstar (Aug. 17) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); Globetrotter; Robot; The Ice Cream Man; Dragonfly. Doris Troy (1937-2004), Just One Look (#10 in the U.S.). Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner (1939-), Please, Please Please (album). Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, Walk Like a Man (#1 in the U.S.); Candy Girl (#3 in the U.S.); Ain't That a Shame; New Mexican Rose; Marlena. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Loop De Loop; Hey Mama; You're the One for Me. Bobby Vee (1943-), The Night Has a Thousand Eyes (#3 in the U.S.); A Forever Kind of Love. The Ventures, The Ventures Play Telsar and The Lonely Bull (album) (Jan.); Bobby Vee Meets the Ventures (album) (Apr.); incl. Walk Right Back; Surfing (album) (May); The Ventures Play the Country Classics (album) (June); Let's Go! (album) (Aug.); incl. Let's Go. Bobby Vinton (1935-), Trouble is My Middle Name (#33 in the U.S.); Let's Kiss and Make Up (#38 in the U.S.); Over the Mountain (Across the Sea) (#21 in the U.S.); Blue on Blue (#3 in the U.S.); Blue Velvet (#1 in the U.S.). Dionne Warwick (1940-), Anyone Who Had a Heart (#8 in the U.S., #42 in the U.K.). Houston Wells and the Marksmen, Only the Heartaches. Mary Wells (1943-92), Laughing Boy; Your Old Standby; You Lost the Sweetest Boy; What's So Easy for Two is So Hard for One. Kim Weston (1939-), Love Me All the Way (debut). Andy Williams (1927-), Days of Wine and Roses and Other TV Requests (album) (Apr.) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Days of Wine and Roses (#26 in the U.S.), Can't Get Used to Losing You (#2 in the U.S.); The Andy Williams Christmas Album ("Red Andy"); incl. White Christmas, It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year, by Edward Pola (1907-95) and George Wyle (1916-2003); Can't Get Used to Losing You. Joe Williams (1918-99), At Newport '63 (album #3). Mary Lou Williams (1910-81), Black Christ of the Andes; in honor of St. Martin de Porres (1579-1639), who is canonized on May 6, 1962 by Pope John XXIII. Jackie Wilson (1934-84), Baby Workout. Stevie Wonder (1950-), Recorded Live: The 12-Year-Old Genius (album) (debut); incl. Fingertips Fingertips - Part 2 (first live single to reach #1 on the Billboard pop singles chart). Yehudi Wyner (1929-), Friday Evening Service. Mark Wynter (1943-), Go Away Little Girl; Shy Girl; It's Almost Tomorrow. Movies: Federico Fellini's 8-1/2 (Otto e Mezzo) (Feb. 14), about Italian dir. Guido Anselma is really a self-portrait of Fellini and his struggles to come up with big ideas under pressure; the title is supposed to mean he's made that many movies up till now. Elia Kazan's America America (AKA The Anatolian Smile) (Dec. 15) is an autobio. film. based on the life of Kazan's uncle Avraam Elia Kazantzoglou, played by Greek actor Stathis Giallelis (1941-) Dean Stockwell lookalike?), who is in virtually every scene, suffering under the horrible Muslim Ottoman Turks and giving them the Anatolian Smile, then finally making it to the U.S. and the Statue of Liberty, which welcome him to the last world island safe from Islam (until ?). Joseph V. Mascelli's The Atomic Brain (Monstosity) (Sept.) (B&W) stars Marjorie Eaton as rich old bag Mrs. March, who hires mad scientist Dr. Frank (Frank Gerstle) to transplant her brain into the body of one of three young immigrant women servants she selects. William Asher's Beach Party (July 14) (Am. Internat. Pictures) stars teen pop idols Frankie Avalon (1939-) and Annette Funicello (1942-2013) as corny moral Roman Catholic Italian-Am. (but you're not supposed to notice) heteros playing with fire on the beaches of S Calif., while square Robert Cummings, er, Cummings plays a scientist studying teenage mating habits; Beach Boy Brian Wilson appears as an extra; although the other girls wear bikinis, Funicello wears a modest 1-piece swimsuit, but later loosens up to a bikini reaching to her navel; does $2.3M box office on a $300K budget; spawns six beach party sequels, incl. "Muscle Beach Party" (1964), "Bikini Beach" (1964), "Pajama Party" (1964), "Bikini Blanket Bingo" (1965), "How to Stuff a Wild Bikini" (1965), and "The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini (1966), finally becoming irrelevant when the real beachgoers get into heavy sex, drugs and rock & roll, along with VD, ODs and radicalism, while counting themselves lucky for not having been wasted in Vietnam? John Schlesinger's Billy Liar (Aug. 15) (Vic Films) (Waterfall Productions) (Anglo-Amalgamated Film Distributors) (Warner-Pathe), based on the 1959 Keith Waterhouse novel and Willis Hall play stars Tom Courtney as Billy Fisher, a young British clerk in an undertaker's office, who goes off in his imagination to the kingdom of Ambrosia while hooking up with Julie Christie; the beginning of the rise of gay English Jewish dir. John Schlesinger (1926-2003), whose gay partner is Michael Childers. Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds (Mar. 28) (Universal Pictures) debuts, first film with Universal Studios, and longest gap between films since "Psycho" 1960), based on the 1952 Daphne Du Maurier short story with screenplay by novelist Evan Hunter AKA Ed McBain, and no score other than screeching birds, starring Rod Taylor and Tippi Hedren (film debut) as Bodega Bay, Calif. losers Mitch Brenner and Melanie Daniels, who can't get along with fowls; there is no "The End" because Hitchcock wants to give an impression of unending terror, or does he want to leave it open for a sequel?; does $11.4M box office on a $3.3M budget; Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds (Mar. 28) (Universal Pictures), his first film with Universal Studios, based on the 1952 Daphne Du Maurier short story with screenplay by novelist Evan Hunter AKA Ed McBain stars Rod Taylor and Tippi Hedren as Bodega Bay, Calif. losers Mitch Brenner and Melanie Daniels, who can't get along with fowls; there is no "The End" because Hitchcock wants to give an impression of unending terror, or does he want to leave it open for a sequel?; does $11.4M box office on a $3.3M budget. Herschell Gordon Lewis' Blood Feast (July 6) (Box Office Spectaculars) stars Mal Arnold as Egyptian caterer Fuad Ramses of Miami, Fla., who kills women to use their body parts to bring to life dormant Egyptian (really Babylonian) goddess Ishtar, while inept detective Peter Thornton (William Kerwin) tries to hunt him down; features a woman's tongue being ripped out onscreen; the first splatter film?; does $4M box office on a $24.5K budget. George Sidney's Bye, Bye, Birdie (Apr. 4) stars Jesse Pearson as lame Elvis clone Conrad Birdie, who kisses Kim McAfee (Ann-Margret) on The Ed Sullivan Show before leaving for the army, making her beau Hugo Peabody (Bobby Rydell, whose own career is being ruined by the Beatles) jealous, along with all the boys in her high school; Paul Lynde plays daddy Harry McAfee; makes Ann-Margret, who sings the Bye Bye Birdie Theme into a 1-word superstar; features the corny song We Love You Conrad, which spawns the 1964 equally corny song "We Love You Beatles" by the Carefrees. Otto Preminger's The Cardinal (Dec. 12), based on the Henry Morton Robinson novel stars Tom Tryon, Carol Lynley, Dorothy Gish, and John Huston in a movie that doesn't know when to quit anymore than the rising Boston priest? Stanley Donen's Charade (Dec. 5) stars Audrey Hepburn as Regina Lampert, whose murdered hubby stole a lot of money, causing several men to chase her, incl. Walter Matthau, James Coburn, and George Kennedy; she ends up chasing much older Cary Grant. Joseph L. Mankiewicz's Cleopatra (June 12) (20th Cent. Fox) is an extravagant $44M, 2-year semi-flop (break-even) (most expensive film to date), based on "The Life and Times of Cleopatra" by C.M. Franzero, not Shakespeare (can't be proven in court); foul-mouthed glam babe Elizabeth Taylor becomes the first female actor to earn $1M for a film; Rex Harrison (first choice: Peter Finch) is the only decent lead actor, attempting to portray Julius Caesar, but coming off as Prof. Henry Higgins in armor?; Harrison's chicken legs are covered with togas and robes; Martin Landau plays Caesar's and Anthony's friend Rufio; Roddy McDowall plays Octavian; Carroll O'Connor plays Casca, the first to stab Caesar in the back; chicken-legged unathletic Richard Burton (who replaces athletic Stephen Boyd when production moves to Italy) bombs as he-man Mark Antony, but starts a torrid public affair with Liz, who dumps Eddie Fisher for him, marrying him nine days after the divorce with Fisher is final in 1964; Cesare Danova plays Cleopatra's head slave Apollodorus; Hume Cronyn plays Cleopatra's minister Sosigenes; six hours of film are created for two separate 3-hour movies (a Caesar movie and an Antony movie), but after 20th Cent. Fox nearly goes bankrupt, new studio head Darryl Zanuck orders it cut down for theaters to four hours, cutting most of the Harrison footage in favor of the celeb love affair of Liz and Burton, pissing-off Mankiewicz for life; during filming Taylor becomes seriously ill and needs an emergency tracheotomy, then two weeks later shows up at the Academy Awards sporting a pair of crutches and a visible scar on her throat; production begins in London but moves to Italy when the $5M mark is reached; the scenes in Rome are delayed for weeks because of heavy rains; several Euro heads of state visit the set; no amount of advertising saves it, but it later makes money with TV rights and home versions; does $26M box office on a $44M budget, becoming the first highest-grossing film of the year to run at a loss (until ?); it later makes $57.7M total; "This picture was conceived in a state of emergency, shot in confusion, and wound up in blind panic" (Joseph L. Mankiewicz); "The toughest three pictures I ever made" (ditto); "I only came to see the asp" (Charles Addams). Shirley Clarke's The Cool World is about a 15-y.-o. black teen trying to get his own gun and start a gang; no wonder civil rights marchers scare whites? Herbert L. Strock's B&W The Crawling Hand stars Peter Breck as college student Steve Curan, who finds the hand of a dead astronaut on the beach and takes it home, allowing it to possess him and turn him into a killer strangler. Jean-Pierre Melville's B&W Le Doulos (The Finger Man) (Feb. 8) (Lux-Films), based on the novel by Pierre Lesou stars Serge Reggiani as recently-released con Maurice Faugel, who hooks up with gangsters Jean-Paul Belmondo as Silien, and Rene Lefevre as Gilbert Barnove; the ending features an iconic scene of the protangonist's federa coming to rest on a forest floor, which is copied by the 1990 Hollywood film "Miller's Crossing". Jack Smith's Flaming Creatures, a tribute to Maria Montez starring drag queen Francis Francine, who is seduced by a TV vampire is used as an example of porno by Strom Thurmond, ending up getting banned throughout the U.S., making it more popular?; "Is there a lipstick that doesn't come off when you suck cock?" Terence Young's From Russia With Love (Oct. 10) (Eon Productions) (James Bond 007 film #2), based on the 1957 Ian Fleming novel stars Sean Connery as James Bond 007, and Italian Miss Universe runner-up (1960) Daniela Bianchi (1942-) as Russian code room girl Tatiana Romanova, who works for SPECTRE shoe-killer Rosa Klebb, played by Vienna-born Austrian actress Lotte Lenya (1898-1981) (former wife of Kurt Weill of Threepenny Opera fame); SPECTRE wine ignoramus killing machine Donald Grant is played by Westhoughton, Lancashire-born English actor Robert Archibald Shaw (1927-78); Italian-speaking Bianchi's voice is dubbed by English Shakespearean actress Barbara Jefford (1930-), who goes on to cover for Mollie Peters in "Thunderball", and Caroline Munro in "The Spy Who Loved Me"; the From Russia with Love Theme is sung by English singer Matt Monro (Terence Edward Parsons) (1930-85); from his cool entrance at Istanbul's Yesilkoy Airport ("where the moonlight on the Bosphorus is irresistible") Connery watches a great Gypsy catfight, visits the Hagia Sofia, and ends with a satisfying cat-mouse game on the Istanbul Express, suavely sidestepping cents. of Islamic history to reduce Turkey to the scene of a British-Soviet-SPECTRE spy game; Turkish spy chief Ali Kerim Bey is played by Pedro Armendariz; "Can I borrow a match? I prefer a lighter. Better still. Until they go wrong. Exactly"; the chess game between 12-sec.-man Kronsteen (Vladek Shevbal) and McAdams (Peter Madden) is based on the SMERSH Gambit Game played by Boris Spassky and David Bronstein at the 1960 U.S.S.R. Chess Championships, which Spassky ("Kronsteen") won; introduces gadget wizard Q (Maj. Boothroyd), played by Welsh-born Desmond Wilkinson Llewelyn (1914-99); does $78.9M box office on a $2M budget; best 007 movie of all time? Mario Bava's The Girl Who Knew Too Much (La ragazza che sapeva troppo) (Evil Eye) (Feb. 10) (Warner Bros.) stars Leticia Roman as Nora Davis, who travels to Rome and witnesses a murder, and reports it to the police, who can't find a corpse, becoming the first Italian Giallo (It. "yellow") movie, the predecessor of the Am. slasher genre. John Sturges' The Great Escape (July 4) (United Artists, based on the 1950 book by been-there-for-real Paul Brickhill (1916-91) about the Mar. 1944 Stalug Luft III Great Escape of 76 Allied POWs in WWII stars a ton of stars incl. Steve McQueen ("Cooler King") (who does his own motorcycle stunts, becoming a superstar), James Garner ("Scrounger"), Charles Bronson ("Tunnel King"), Donald Pleasance ("Forger"), James Coburn ("Manufacturer"), and Richard Attenborough ("Big X"); NYT film critic Bosley Crowther pans it, becoming another nail in his coffin as he proves to be too old-fashioned for the new gen. of Hollywood flicks? Clive Donner's B&W The Guest (Caretaker) (June), based on the 1959 Harold Pinter play stars Robert Shaw as an old man who takes in derelict Donald Pleasance; the breakthrough film for British dir. Clive Stanley Donner (1926-2010), who gets actors Noel Coward, Peter Sellers, Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor et al. to donate £1K each. Robert Wise's B&W The Haunting (Sept. 18) (MGM), written by Nelson Gidding based on Shirley Jackson's 1959 novel "The Haunting of Hill House" is about 90-y.-o. Hill House in Mass. where women have a habit of dying, starring Richard Johnnson as the narrator Dr. John Markway, Julie Harris as Eleanor "Nell" Lance, Claire Bloom as psychic Theodora "Theo", Fay Compton as Mrs. Sanderson, and Russ Tamblyn as her son Luke; does $1.02M box office on a $1.05M budget; "You may not believe in ghosts but you cannot deny terror." Ismail Merchant's and James Ivory's The Householder, based on the 1960 Ruth Prawer Jhabvala novel; the first almost 40 films from the Merchant-Ivory producer-dir. partnership, incl. "The Europeans" (1979), "The Bostonians" (1984), "A Room with a View" (1985), "Howards End" (1992), and "The City of Your Final Destination" (1992). John Ford's and Henry Hathaway's and George E. Marshall's How the West Was Won (Feb. 20) (Cinerama Releasing Corp.) (MGM) (164 min.), written by James R. Webb and John Gay about three generations of a New England farm family heading West starting in 1839 thru 1889 incl. the Erie Canal, U.S. Civil War, frontier Colo., and transcontinental railroad, and finishing with aerial shots of freeways in modern L.A. features an impressive cast list, incl. John Wayne (as Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman), James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Gregory Peck, Debbie Reynolds, Walter Brennan, Robert Preston, Eli Wallach, and George Peppard; "This land has a name today, and is marked on maps, but the names and the marks and the maps all had to be won, won from Nature and from primitive man"; "24 great stars in the mightiest adventure ever filmed!"; does $50M box office on a $14.48M budget. Martin Ritt's B&W Hud (May 29) (Paramount Pictures), filmed on location in the Tex. Panhandle incl. Claude, Tex. stars Paul Newman as alienated youth Hud Bannon, Melvyn Douglas as his stern daddy Homer Bannon, and Patricia Neal as neighbor Alma Brown, whom he assaults; does $10M box office on a $2.35M budget; "The man with the barbed wire soul"; "I always say the law was meant to be interpreted in a lenient manner." Billy Wilder's Irma La Douce (June 5) (Mirsch Corp.) (United Artists), based on the 1956 French musical stars Jack Lemmon as honest gendarme Nestor Patou, and Shirley MacLaine as the sweet hooker with the heart of gold that he tries to save by posing as a rich patron who buys her exclusive favors, until he pretends to kill him so he can have her, only to be charged with murder; she lived with real hos to learn the part?; does $25.2M box office U.S. on a $5M budget (5th highest grossing film of 1963); remade in 1990 as "Pretty Woman" starring Richard Gere and Julia Roberts. Stanley Kramer's It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (Nov. 7) stars a list of notables ("Everybody who's ever been funny is in it") incl. Sid Caesar, Milton Berle, Ethel Merman (1908-84), Jonathan Winters, Jimmy Durante, Buddy Hackett, Mickey Rooney, Phil Silvers, Dick Shawn, Edie Adams, Dorothy Provine, Buster Keaton, Terry Thomas, Moe Howard, Larry Fine, Joe DeRita, Jim Backus, William Demarest, Peter Falk, Leo Gorcey, Edward Everett Horton, Joe E. Brown, Carl Reiner, ZaSu Pitts, Eddie Anderson, Jack Benny, and Jerry Lewis seeking $350K in stolen money buried in a Calif. park by Smiler Grogan, who gave them the details of how he hid it below a giant "W" in Santa Rosita just before dying; Spencer Tracy plays police Capt. C.G. Culpepper. Don Chaffey's Jason and the Argonauts (June 19) (one of TLW's childhood favorites?) is a SFX-fest by Ray Harryhausen, with Harpies, the bronze giant Talos, and the 7-headed Hydra guarding the Golden Fleece, culminating in a cool Skeleton Fight; there's a good story too; Todd Armstrong plays Jason, South-African born Nigel Green plays Hercules and John Cairney plays his young friend tight, er, Hylas, Gary Raymond plays Acastus, son of Pelias (Douglas Wilmer), Niall MacGinnis plays Zeus, Honor Blackman plays Hera, English actor Jack Gwillim plays skeleton-raising King Aeetes, Nancy Kovack plays Medea, and Patrick Troughton plays blind tormented Phineas; Bernard Herrmann composes a cool dramatic score to go with it; "The search that became a legend". William Asher's Johnny Cool (B&W) (Oct. 19), based on the novel "The Kingdom of Johnny Cool" by John McPartland is a film noir starring Henry Silva as Johnny Colini AKA Cool, and Elizabeth Montgomery as his moll Darien "Dare" Guinness; Sammy Davis Jr. sings the theme song; "The blood feud that makes America's underworld quake with terror." Luchino Visconti's The Leopard (Il Gattopardo) (Mar. 28), based on the 1958 novel by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (1896-1957) stars Burt Lancaster, Alain Delon, Claudia Cardinale and Terence Hill. Ralph Nelson's Lilies of the Field (July 5), based on the William E. Barrett novel about some fillies, er, is a charming inspirational movie starring Sidney Poitier as black construction foreman Homer Smith, who stops at a remote Western desert farm to get his car fixed and ends up building a "shapel" for some German Roman Catholic nuns, led by Mother Maria (Lilia Skala); incl. the song Amen; the black-white sexual undertones make the whole situation a classic, although Poitier is forever constrained by Hollywood to be an asexual "good Negro" who always helps white people? - Hollywood's original Barack Obama? Peter Brook's Lord of the Flies (Aug. 13), based on the William Golding novel shows British boys going feral after being shipwrecked on an isolated island, and supposedly exposes the savage lurking beneath each whitey. Robert Mulligan's B&W Love with the Proper Stranger (Dec. 25) (Paramount Pictures) stars Natalie Wood as Macy's clerk Angie Rossini, who has an affair with musician Rocky Papasano (Steve McQueen), and ends up pregnant, but after almost having a backroom abortion refuses to marry him because it wouldn't be with "bells and banjos", allowing cook Anthony (Tom Bosley in his film debut) to woo her until Rocky waits for her outside Macy's with you know what; moves Wood into the realm of adult roles after years of playing teenies and innocents; the title song by Elmer Bernstein and Johnny Mercer and sung by Jack Jones becomes a hit. Andrew V. McLaglen's McLintock! (Nov. 13) (Batjack Productions) is a Western comedy based on Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew" starring John Wayne as cattle baron George Washington McLintock, Maureen O'Hara as Katherine, and Yvonne De Carlo as Louise Warren; Wayne's son Patrick Wayne plays his son Dev, and Stefanie Powers plays his daughter Becky; brings in $7.25M. Curtis Harrington's Night Tide is a dark flick starring Linda Lawson as amusement park mermaid Mora, and Dennis Hopper as sailor Johnny Drake, who falls for her even after she tells him she is a Siren who kills by the full Moon; "Was she human?" Jack Smith's Normal Love is a sequel to "Flaming Creatures", about a mermaid (played by Maria Montez) and other creatures who retake the Garden of Eden. Jerry Lewis' The Nutty Professor (June 4) (Paramount Pictures), a parody of Robert Louis Stevenson's "Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" stars Jerry Lewis as nerdy chemistry prof. Julius Kelp of A.S. Univ., who transforms into woman-killing Dean Martin clone Buddy Love after drinking a love potion, and romances Stella Stevens; Lewis later admits, er, denies that he's parodying his former buddy Martin; does $19M box office on a ? budget. Charles Keating's Perversion for Profit stars popular Los Angeles reporter George Putnam preaching against porno and homosexuality while chronicling it like a time capsule, becoming a cult hit. Blake Edwards' The Pink Panther (Dec. 19), written by Blake Edwards and Maurice Richlin makes a star of English actor Richard Henry "Peter" Sellers (1925-80) as bumbling French inspector Jacques Clouseau, who tracks jewel thief the Phantom (not Pink Panther) AKA Sir Charles Lytton (David Niven), whose nephew George (Robert Wagner) is also trying to steal the jewel without knowing about his uncle, while trying to bed Simone; Capucine plays wife Simone Clouseau, who is secretly hooking up with Charles; Claudia Cardinale plays the jewel's owner Princess Dala (pet poodle Amber), who gets drunk on champagne on a tiger rug and seduces the audience while she is being dejeweled; Jacques ends up getting framed as the Phantom, and likes it since it makes him a sex idol and hero; spawns five sequels: A Shot in the Dark (1964) (co-starring Elke Sommer as Maria Gambrelli), Inspector Clouseau (1968) (without Sellers), The Return of the Pink Panther (?), The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976), Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978), Trail of the Pink Panther (1982), Curse of the Pink Panther (1983), and Son of the Pink Panther (1993); remade in 2006 starring Steve Martin. Leslie H. Martinson's PT 109 (June 19), based on the 1961 book by Robert J. Donovan stars Clifford Parker "Cliff" Robertson III (1923-2011) as JFK, who has a personal 9/11 on Aug. 2, 1943; 5 mo. later JFK's coconut gets knocked off again?; he is later assigned PT 59; does $3.5M box office on a $4M budget. Roger Corman's The Raven (Jan. 25) (Am. Internat.), set in the 15th cent. stars Vincent Price as Dr. ERasmus Craven, Peter Lorre as Dr. Adolphus Bedlo, Boris Karloff as Dr. Scarabus, Hazel Court as Lenore Craven, Olive Surgess as Estelle Craven, and Jack Nicholson as as Lorre's on Rexford Bedlo; does $1.499M box office on a $350K budget. Sir Carol Reed's The Running Man (Oct.), based on the Shelley Smith novel stars Laurence Harvey as Rex Black, who fakes his death in a glider accident then is stalked by an insurance investigator. Roberto Rossellini's, Jean-Luc Godard's, Pier Paolo Pasolini's, and Ugo Gregoretti's Ro.Go.Pa.G (Feb. 19) consists of four films by different dirs.; Pasolini's "La Ricotta", which shows hungry people being treated like merde in order to help make a film about Jesus Christ, ending with one of them being crucified and dying gets Pasolini arrested for blasphemy, receiving a suspended sentence. Joseph Losey's B&W The Servant (Nov. 14) (Elstree Studio Films) (Landau Org.), a new collaboration with writer Harold Pinter based on the 1948 first novel by Robin Maugham about class relationships in Britain with a gay undercurrent stars James Fox as wealthy Londoner Tony, who hires manservant Hugo Barrett (Dirk Bogarde), who slowly gets them to reverse roles; Sarah Miles plays Hugo's babe Vera, and Wendy Craig plays Tony's babe Susan; Losey-Pinter go on to collaborate on "Accident" (1967) and "The Go-Between" (1970). Ingmar Bergman's The Silence (Tystnaden) (Sept. 23) stars Ingrid Thulin, Gunnel Lindstrom, and Birger Malmsten in a plotless flick about a nympho (Anna), a lesbian (Ester), and a young boy, who travel by train to a foreign city, where some dwarfs take the boy to their hotel room and dress him in drag, after which dying Ester reveals why she hates sex with men. Delmer Daves' Spencer's Mountain (May 16), based on the 1961 Earl Hamner Jr. novel stars Henry Fonda and Maureen O'Hara as Clay and Olivia Spencer, who live in the Grand Teton Mts. of Wyoming and try to send their son Clayboy (James MacArthur) to college; basis of the 1972 TV series "The Waltons". Lindsay Anderson's B&W This Sporting Life (Feb. 7) (Rank Org.) (Janus Films), a British kitchen sink realism drama based on the 1960 David Storey novel, starring Richard Harris as Wakefield, Yorkshire coal miner Frank Machin, whose aggressive brutality gets him recruited for a local rugby club by owner Gerald Weaver (Alan Badel), hooking up with widowed landlady Margaret Hammond (Harris real-life wife Rachel Roberts), who calls him "just a great ape" for his testosterone-soaked boorish misogynistic behavior; homoerotic shots of naked men playing grab-ass in the locker room gives it an R rating; makes a star of Richard Harris; the feature film dir. debut of Bangalore, British India-born Lindsay Gordon Anderson (1923-94). Orson Welles' The Trial (Le Proces) (Mar. 30), based on the Franz Kafka novel stars Anthony Perkins and Jeanne Moreau. Jay O. Lawrence's A Swingin' Affair features Dick Dale performing "Misirlou". Tony Richardson's Tom Jones (Sept. 29) (Woodfall Film Productions) (United Artists), based on the 1749 Henry Fielding novel and narrated by Micheal Mac Liammoir stars Albert Finney as foundling Tom, Susannah York as Sophie Western, Hugh Griffith as her ever-drunk father Squire Western, Diane Cilento as Molly Seagrim, and George Devine as Squire Allworthy; does $37.6M box office on a $1M budget. Anthony Asquith's The V.I.P.s (Hotel International) (Sept. 19) (MGM), written by Terence Rattigan (1911-77) based on the real-life story of Vivien Leigh trying to fly off with her lover Peter Finch to escape hubby Laurence Olivier, about first-class passengers sitting out the fog in Terminal 3 of London Heathrow Airport, starring new items Liz Taylor (after she gets them to dump Sophia Loren, with the soundbyte "Let Sophia stay in Rome") and Richard Burton, with Taylor playing Frances Andos, a famous actress trying to leave millionaire hubby Paul (Burton) for lover Marc Champselle (Louis Jourdan); meanwhile film producer Max Buda (Orson Welles) is trying to flee London with his babe Gloria Gritti (Elsa Martinelli) to avoid paying taxes, the Duchess of Brighton (Margaret Rutherford) is flying to Fla. to get a job to pay for her historic home, and Australian businessman Les Mangrum (Rod Taylor) is trying to get to New York City to save his business, while his secy. Miss Mead (Maggie Smith) is secretly in love with him; does $15M box office on a $4M budget - let's live up to the wide screen? Burt Topper's B&W War is Hell (Oct. 23) stars Baynes Barron as Sgt. Garth and Michael Bell as Pvt. Seldon in the Korean War; the flick is playing at the Texas Theater in Dallas when Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested. Edward Dmytryk's Where Love Has Gone (Nov. 2), based on the 1962 Harold Robbins novel stars Bette Davis as Mrs. Gerald Hayden, and Susan Hayward as her daughter Valerie Hayden Miller, who stabs her when they go after the same man, Maj. Luke Miller (Mike Connors). Russ Marker's The Yesterday Machine is about a Nazi scientist who builds a time machine to go back and alter the outcome of WWII. Vittorio De Sica's Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (Ieri, Oggi, Domani) is the first pairing of Sophia Loren and Marcello Mastroianni in three stories set in Italy; in the last one she does a famous bedroom striptease for him. Plays: Edward Albee (1928-2016), The Ballad of the Sad Cafe (Martin Beck Theatre, New York) (Oct. 30) (123 perf.); based on the Carson McCuller novel; stars William Prince (1913-96). John Arden (1930-), The Workhouse Donkey (Chichester). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Play; a man and two women blabber on about their unending adultery while unaware of each other. Kenneth H. Brown (1936-), The Brig (Living Theater, New York); a brutal Marine Corps prison in Japan; after the IRS closes the theater, the audience enters through windows to view the final perf.. Charles Bukowski (1920-94), It Catches My Heart In Its Hands. Emilio Carballido (1925-2008), Shut Up, Stupid Chickens, It's Time to Throw Your Corn! (Silencio Pollos Pelones, Ya les Van a Echar su Maiz!). Aime Cesaire (1913-2008), The Tragedy of King Christophe. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Drawing Room Tragedy. Martin Bauml Duberman (1930-), In White America: A Documentary Play; about race relations. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Tango Palace (There! You Died). Vaclav Havel (1936-2011), The Garden Party (debut). Lillian Hellman (1905-84), My Mother, My Father, and Me (last play); based on Burt Blechman's 1961 novel "How Much?" about a beatnik; a flop. Rolf Hochhuth (1931-), The Deputy: A Christian Tragedy (Berlin) (Feb. 20); criticizes Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli) for being silent about Nazi atrocities; it is really Soviet disinfo. designed to discredit him, because he was actually praised by Jewish orgs. and leaders throughout WWII? Langston Hughes (1902-67), Five Plays. Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), The Owl's Answer; a New York subway door opens into the Tower of London, where Chaucer, Shakespeare, Anne Boleyn, and the Virgin Mary appear. Arthur Kopit (1937-), Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feeling So Sad. Joe Masteroff (1919-), Jerry Bock (1928-), and Sheldon Harnick (1924-), She Loves Me (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Apr. 23) (302 perf.); adapted from "Parfumerie" by Miklos Lazlo (1903-73). Terence Rattigan (1911-77), Man and Boy. Murray Schisgal (1926-), The Typists; The Tiger. Claude Simon (1913-2005), The Separation (Le Separation); adapted from his 1958 novel "L'Herbe" (The Grass). Neil Simon (1927-2018), Barefoot in the Park (romantic comedy) (Biltmore Theatre, New York) (Oct. 23) (1,530 perf.); Simon's 2nd Broadway hit, about honeymooners Paul Bratter (Robert Redford) and Corie Bratter (Elizabeth Ashley) living in a couped-up broken-down 5th floor Greenwich Village flat and dealing with oddball neighbor Victor Velasco (Kurt Kasznar) and Corie's mother Mrs. Banks (Mildred Natwick); he finally drops his button-down atty. ways and walks you know what in the you know where for her in winter to prove his love; filmed in 1967 starring Robert Redford and Jane Fonda. Megan Terry (1932-), Eat at Joe's (Open Theater, New York). Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), Aventura en Lo Gris. Peter Ulrich Weiss (1916-82), The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat as Performed by the Inmates of the Asylum of Charenton under the Direction of the Marquis de Sade (AKA Marat/Sade); a play dir. by de Sade on July 13, 1808 about the July 13, 1793 bathtub assassination by Charlotte Corday; performed by the Royal Shakespeare Co. in 1966, dir. by Peter Brook - enough to make you fall in love with July 13? Tennessee Williams (1911-83), The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore (Jan. 16) (New York) (69 perf.); terminally-ill drug addict widow Flora Goforth dictates her memoirs to a young poet known as the Angel of Death. Lanford Wilson (1937-), So Long at the Fair (debut); a country boy visits Caffe Cino in Greenwich Village. Charles Wood (1932-), Cockade dd(Arts Theatre, London); incl. "Prisoner and Escort", "John Thomas", "Spare". Poetry: Louis Aragon (1897-1982), Le Fou d'Elsa. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Come si Agisce (debut). Richard Brautigan (1935-84), All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace. Paul Celan (1920-70), Die Nemandsrose (The Nobody Rose); the "clubfoot of the gods" stumbles over mountains of corpses. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), The Island. E.E. Cummings (1894-1964), 73 Poems (posth.). Alan Dugan (1923-2003), Poems 2. Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931), Voice of the Master (posth.). Allen Ginsberg (1926-97), Reality Sandwiches. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Manhattan Pastures. Robinson Jeffers (1887-1962), The Beginning and the End and Other Poems (posth.). Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), A Local Storm. Irving Layton (1912-2006), Balls for a One-Armed Juggler. Philip Levine (1928-2015), On the Edge (debut). Louis MacNeice (1907-63), The Burning Perch; Star-Gazer. W.S. Merwin (1927-), The Moving Target. Charles Norman (1904-96), Selected Poems. Mary Oliver (1935-), No Voyage, and Other Poems (debut). Robert Pack (1929-), Guarded by Women; incl. The Last Will and Testament of Art Evergreen; "One of the great American poems" (Anne Sexton). John Crowe Ransom (1888-1974), Selected Poems; 2nd ed. of the 1945 collection; followed by a 3rd ed. in 1969. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law. Nelly Sachs (1891-1970), Gluhende Ratsel (Glühende Rätsel) (1963-6). Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), La Robe Mauve de Valentine. Carl Sandburg (1878-1967), Honey and Salt; his last poetic work. Martin Seymour-Smith (1928-98), Tea with Miss Stockport; Shakespeare's Sonnets; the first 20th cent. ed. to use the old spelling; his commentary disturbs readers by probing Shakespeare's latent homosexuality with the Friend. Louis Simpson (1923-), At the End of the Open Road (Pulitzer Prize); incl. Walt Whitman at Bear Mountain. May Swenson (1913-89), To Mix with Time: New and Selected Poems. David Wagoner (1926-), The Nesting Ground. Patrick White (1912-90), A Cheery Soul. William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), Paterson, Vols. 1-5. James Arlington Wright (1927-80), The Branch Will Not Break; Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), Bottom: On Shakespeare (2 vols.); I's. Novels: Eric Ambler (1909-98), The Ability to Kill and Other Pieces (short stories). Louis Auchincloss (1917-), Powers of Attorney (short stories). Francisco Ayala (1906-2009), The Ace of Staves (El As de Bastos) (short stories). Richard Bach (1936-), Stranger to the Ground; a pilot fights a night storm from England to S France in his F-84F Thunderstreak. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Passport to Eternity (short stories); The Four-Dimensional Nightmare (short stories). Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Frost. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Pays Voiles (Voilés) (Veiled Countries). William Peter Blatty (1928-), John Goldfarb, Please Come Home; U-2 pilot John "Wrong Way" Goldfarb crashes in the Arab kingdom of Fawzia, and is forced to coach a football team that plays Notre Dame; filmed in 1965. Robert Bloch (1917-94), Bogey Men (short stories). Heinrich Boll (1917-85), The Clowns (Opinions of the Clowns) (Ansichten Eines Clowns); about Bonn-based traveling clown Hans Schnier, who can smell through the telephone and loses his babe Marie to another man. Pierre Boulle (1912-94), The Planet of the Apes (Monkey Planet); Darwinian evolution reverses in the future as apes become sapient and humans lose the power of speech; filmed in 1968. Brigid Brophy (1929-95), The Finishing Touch. Bryher (1894-1983), The Coin of Carthage. Anthony Burgess (1917-93), Inside Mr. Enderby; #1 of the 4-vol. comic Enderby series (1963-84). W.R. Burnett (1899-1982), The Abilene Samson; Sergeants 3. Augustin Buzura (1938-), Capul Bunei Sperante (first novel). Dino Buzzati (1906-72), A Love Affair (Un Amore). Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Textures of Life. John le Carre (1931-2020), The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (Sept.); internat. bestseller about British agent Alec Leamas, who is sent to East Germany as a fake defector, exposing Western spy methods as morally inconsistent with Western dem. values, making him a star; filmed in 1965 starring Richard Burton. Gabriel Chevallier (1895-1969), Clochemerle-les-Bains; sequel to "Clochemerle Babylon" (1951) and "Clochemerle" (1934). Agatha Christie (1890-1976), The Clocks (Nov. 7); Hercule Poirot #30. Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), Dolphin Island: A Story of the People of the Sea; based on the research of John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001). Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), The Interrogation (Le Procès-Verbal) (first novel); about troubled Adam Pollo. Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), The Favourite Game (first novel); autobio. novel. Ivy Compton-Burnett (1884-1969), A God and His Gifts; Hereward Egerton. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Blind Miller; a mother has too much authority? Robert Cormier (1925-2000), A Little Raw on Monday Mornings. Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Hopscotch (Rayuela). Len Deighton (1929-), Horse Under Water; Harry Palmer #2; a sunken U-boat off the coast of Portugal, heroin, and the Weiss List. R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), The Spring Madness of Mr. Sermon; 49-y.-o. schoolmaster Sebastian Sermon runs away from his cruddy life to the Kingsbay seaside resort in Devon. Philip K. Dick (1928-82), The Man in the High Castle; the Nazis supposedly won the war, but a girl from Canon City, Colo. travels to Denver to see whether they really did; his masterpiece? Joan Didion (1934-2021), Run River (first novel); Lily McClellan in postwar Sacramento Valley; after graduating from UCB, Didion marries writer John Gregory Dunne next year, and they work as freelance journalists in Calif. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), A Singular Man; wealthy George Smith constructs a grand mausoleum. Margaret Drabble (1939-), A Summer Bird Cage (first novel); bridesmaid Sarah and her sister Louise. Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Les Memoires de Zeus. William Eastlake (1917-97), Portrait of an Artist with Twenty-Six Horses; Checkboard Trilogy #3. Allan W. Eckert (1931-), The Great Auk (first novel). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), A 14-Year-Old Photograph; Ivan in Nuvele; The Bridge; The Man Who Could Read Stones. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Fardvagen. James T. Farrell (1904-79), The Silence of History; aspiring writer Eddie Ryan in 1920s Chicago. Jules Feiffer (1929-), Harry the Rat with Women (first novel). Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), The Second Stone: A Love Story. Ian Fleming (1908-64), On Her Majesty's Secret Service (James Bond #10) (Apr. 1); London uses the College of Arms in London to find Blofeld in Switzerland, meeting and marrying Contessa Teresa "Tracy" di Vicenzo, who is killed by Blofield hours after the ceremony; filmed in 1969 starring George Lazenby. John Fowles (1926-2005), The Collector. Janet Frame (1924-2004), Scented Gardens for the Blind; The Reservoir: Stories and Sketches/ Snowman Snowman: Fables and Fantasies. Pamela Frankau (1908-67), Sing for Your Supper. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Because of the Cats (Van der Valk #2); Gun Before Butter (Question of Loyalty) (Van der Valk #3). Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), The Death of Artemio Cruz; Aura. Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973), Accoppiamenti Giudiziosi; La Cognizione del Dolore. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Making Do. Nadine Gordimer (1923-), Occasion for Loving; white Ann Davis is in love with black Gideon Shibalo. William Goyen (1915-83), The Fair Sister; religious fanatic Ruby Drew strives to save her sister from the Devil. Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Grove of Eagles. Gunter Grass (1927-), Dog Years (Hundejahre); semi-autobio. "rubble lit." about Germany's nightmare. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Colmain (first novel). Joanne Greenberg (1932-), The King's Persons (first novel); the Mar. 16, 1190 Jewish massacre in York, England. L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), Peter Bien. Shirley Hazzard (1931-), Cliffs of Fall and Other Stories (short stories) (debut). Langston Hughes (1902-67), Something in Common and Other Stories. William Bradford Huie (1910-86), Hotel Mamie Stover; sequel to "The Revolt of Mamie Stover" (1951). P.D. James (1920-), A Mind to Murder; Adam Dalgliesh #2. B.S. Johnson (1933-73), Traveling People. Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), Night and Silence, Who Is Here? Madison Jones (1925-), A Buried Land. Norman Juster (1929-), The Dot and the Line: A Romance in Lower Mathematics (Random House); inspired by Edwin Abbott's "Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions" (1884). Ismail Kadare (1936-), The General of the Dead Army. Mary Margaret Kaye (1908-2004), Trade Wind; set in 19th cent. Zanzibar; revised in 1981. Jack Kerouac (1922-69), Visions of Gerard; autobio. novel about his childhood in Lowell, Mass. and the death of his older brother. Frances Parkinson Keyes (1885-1970), The Restless Lady and Other Stories. Gavin Lambert (1924-2005), Inside Daisy Clover; 14-y.-o. child star makes a comeback at 24 via work, sex, and Benzedrine, has a nervous breakdown, retires, and makes a vaudeville comeback. Emma Lathen, A Place for Murder; John Putnam Thatcher #2. Margaret Laurence (1926-87), The Tomorrow-Tamer (short stories) (debut). Siegfried Lenz (1926-), Stadtgesprach. Eric Linklater (1899-1974), A Man Over Forty. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), The Venetian Affair. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Ice Station Zebra. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Zaabalawi. Bernard Malamud (1914-86), Idiots First. Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), The Month of the Falling Leaves. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Zanzibar Intrigue. Angela du Maurier (1904-2002), The Road to Leenane. Daphne du Maurier (1907-89), The Glass Blowers. Mary McCarthy (1912-89), The Group; eight Vassar grads of the class of 1933 see how sexually and intellectually free they can get over the next 30 years; spawns a movement by Vassar alumnae to get her degree rescinded, making it more popular? Phyllis McGinley (1905-78), How Mrs. Santa Claus Saved Christmas. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Leaving Cheyenne; Molly, Gideon, Johnny and Eddie; basis of the 1974 film "Lovin' Molly". Shepherd Mead (1914-94), Dudley, There is No Tomorrow! Then How About This Afternoon?. Grace Metalious (1924-64), No Adam in Eden. James A. Michener (1907-97), Caravans: A Novel of Afghanistan; based on his trips to Afghanistan in the mid-1950s. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Two's Company. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea; the doomed romance between a sailor and a widow ruined by evil kids. Alan Moorehead (1910-83), Cooper's Creek. Elsa Morante (1912-85), The Andalusian Shawl (La Scialle Andaluso). Iris Murdoch (1919-99), The Unicorn; Gothic novel set in W Ireland. Robert Nathan (1894-1985), The Devil with Love. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), By the North Gate (short stories) (debut). Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), Sexual Humans (Seiteki Ningen). John O'Hara (1905-70), Elizabeth Appleton; a Penn. history prof. marries a society woman; The Hat on the Bed (short stories). Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Green Branch; the 1230 hanging of Norman Marcher lord William De Braose for having an affair with Prince Llywelyn's wife Joan. Gordon Parks (1912-2006), The Learning Tree. Harry Mark Petrakis (1923-), The Odyssey of Kostas Volakis. Sylvia Plath (1932-63), The Bell Jar (Jan.); pub. under alias Victoria Lucas; ever-depressed novelist writes a semi-autobio. work about her breakdown and suicide attempt, becoming the first Am. feminist novel?; "It was a queer, sultry summer, the summer they electrocuted the Rosenbergs, and I didn't know what I was doing in New York" (first sentence); the 50th anniv. ed. features a controversial sexist cover. Sir Laurens van der Post (1906-96), The Seed and the Sower; more on his WWII experiences; basis of 1983 film "Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence" starring David Bowie. J.F. Powers (1917-), Morte d'Urban. James Purdy (1914-2009), Children is All. Thomas Pynchon (1937-), V (Mar.) (first novel); the quest across 19th and 20th cent. history for an elusive figure who is either a woman, a construction, or a force; the New York City dept. of sanitation vs. alligators? Reynolds Price (1933-), The Names and Faces of Heroes (short stories). John Rechy (1934-), City of Night (first novel); internat. bestseller about explicit gay male prostitution. Patrick Ryan (1916-), How I Won the War (first novel). J.D. Salinger (1919-2010), Raise High the Roof-Beam, Carpenters; and Seymour - An Introduction; Buddy Glass recalls his brother Seymour's wedding and suicide. William Sansom (1912-76), The Guilt in Wandering. Wiliam Saroyan (1908-81), Boys and Girls Together. Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), The Golden Fruits (Les Fruits d'Or). Maurice Sendak (1928-), Where the Wild Things Are (Caldecott Medal); big hit with kids, esp. the cool illustrations; Max "rages against his mother for being sent to bed without any supper", then dresses up in a wolf suit and travels to the Land of the Wild Things, becoming king before returning to his bedroom and finding his supper waiting; the theme of all his work is surviving danger; followed by "In the Night Kitchen" (1970), "Outside Over There" (1981). Shel Silverstein (1930-99), Lafcadio; first in a string of hit children's books. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), Way Station (Here Gather the Stars; about a U.S. Civil War vet who takes care of a secret Way Station for ETs. Claude Simon (1913-2005), Women: On 23 Paintings by Joan Miro (Femmes, sur 23 Peintures de Joan Miró); repub. in 1984 as "Berenice's Hair" (La Chevelure de Bérénice). C.P. Snow (1905-80), Corridors of Power; Strangers and Brothers #9. Susan Sontag (1933-2004), The Benefactor (first novel); roman a clef about French writers Antonin Artaud and Jean Genet. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Girls of Slender Means. David Storey (1933-), Radcliffe. Theodore Sturgeon (1918-65), The Player on the Other Side; an Ellery Queen novel. Jacqueline Susann (1918-74), Every Night, Josephine! (first novel); about a French poodle. Han Suyin (1917-), Four Faces. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), Figures in the Foreground. Peter Hillsman Taylor (1917-94), Miss Leonora When Last Seen. Walter Tevis (1928-84), The Man Who Fell to Earth; semi-autobio. novel about super-intelligent humanoid alien Thomas Jerome Newton, who comes to Ky. to build a spaceship to import the remaining 300 pop. of nuclear-war-ridden Anthea, and falls for Betty Jo while becoming an alcohol addict before being messed-up by the CIA and FBI; filmed in 1976 by Nicolas Roeg; "He made the lonely journey, leaving behind a broken world and a promise to rescue his fellow-beings from the devastation their wars had wrought." Jim Thompson (1906-77), The Grifters; filmed in 1990. John Updike (1932-2009), The Centaur; schoolteacher makes quiet sacrifices for his son like Chiron did for Prometheus. Jack Vance (1916-2013), The Dragon Masters. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Cat's Cradle; A-bomb co-inventor Felix Hoenikker (based on Irving Langmuir) is playing you know what when the Hiroshima bomb is dropped, and also invents ice-nine, a molecule capable of freezing all the water on Earth, which narrator John (AKA Jonah) and the Hoenniker children take to the poor Caribbean island of San Lorenzo, where Bokononism, a new religion based on the absurdity of life and rubbing feet flourishes, and where the word "foma" (Thomas in Russian) means harmless lies; in 1971 the U. of Chicago awards Vonnegut a master's degree in anthropology for the novel. Per Wahloo (1926-75), The Assignment (Uppdraget); Generalerna; a trial in a police state. Edward Lewis Wallant (1926-62), The Children at the Gate (posth.). Frank Waters (1902-95), The Woman at Otowi Crossing. Charles Webb (1939-), The Graduate; written after he graduates from Williams College; Benjamin Braddock from S Calif. learns that materialism is bad; made into a 1967 movie after he sells the film rights for a paltry $20K; pub. the sequel "Home School" in 2008. Morris L. West (1916-99), The Shoes of the Fisherman; bestseller about the first Russian pope (Kiril I) (Kiril Lakota), who tries to stop nuclear war by giving away the Church's wealth to feed the poor; nobody assassinates him before he opens his big mouth? Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Sultan's Daughter. John A. Williams (1925-94), Sissie. Henry Williamson (1895-1977), The Power of the Dead. Richard Wright (1908-60), Lawd Today (posth.); a black postal worker ("black George Babbitt") in Depression-era Chicago. Births: Am. hall-of-fame 3B baseball player (Seattle Mariners #11, 1987-2004) Edgar "Gar" "Papi" Martinez on Jan. 2 in New York City; of Puerto Rican descent. Am. 6'5" football QB (Los Angeles Rams #11, 1986-93) James Samuel "Jim" Everett III on Jan. 3 in Emporia, Kan.; educated at Purdue U. German musician-poet Till Lindemann (Rammstein) on Jan. 4 in Leipzig. Norwegian neuroscientist May-Britt Moser on Jan. 4 in Fosnavag; wife of Edvard Moser (1962-); 2014 Nobel Med. Prize. French footwear designer (gay) Christian Louboutin on Jan. 7 in Paris; trademark is stilettos with red-lacquered soles; some Cameroonian ancestry. U.S. Sen. (Tea Party-Ky.) (2011-) Randal Howard "Rand" Paul on Jan. 7 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; son of Ron Paul (1935-); grows up in Lake Jackson, Tex.; educated at Duke U. Am. rock musician Eric T. Erlandson (Hole) on Jan. 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. Olympic swimmer Tracy Caulkins on Jan. 11 in Winona, Minn. Am. "Dodie Douglas in My Three Sons" actress Dawn Lyn Nervik on Jan. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif.; sister of Leif Garrett (1961-). Scottish actor Jason Joseph Connery on Jan. 11 in London, England; son of Sean Connery (1930-) and Diane Cilento (1933-). Am. "in Alpha House" actor Matthew "Matt" Malloy on Jan. 12 in Hamilton, N.Y. English historian Andrew Roberts on Jan. 13 in London; educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge U. Am. "Sex, Lies, and Videotape", "Erin Brockovich", "Traffic" movie writer-dir. Steven Andrew Soderbergh on Jan. 14 in Atlanta, Ga. Latvian chess grandmaster Alexander Wojtkiewicz (d. 2006) on Jan. 15; spends a year in a Soviet gulag in the late 1980s for refusing to join the army, is granted amnesty after Reagan and Gorbachev meet, then moves to Poland, gets banned for life, and moves to the U.S. in 2002, where he dies of cancer. British economist Samuel H. Johnson on Jan. 16; educated at Oxford U., the U. of Manchester, and MIT. Am. Gateway Inc. founder Theodore "Ted" Waitt on Jan. 18 in Sioux City, Iowa; educated at the U. of Iowa. British House of Commons speaker (2009-) John Simon Bercow on Jan. 19 in Edgware, Middlesex; educated at the U. of Essex. Am. "Tessy Mahoney in Miss Firecracker" actress Veanne Cox on Jan. 19 in Norfolk, Va. Am. "Mike Delfino the plumber in Desperate Housewives" actor James Denton on Jan. 20 in Nashville, Tenn. Nigerian 6'10" basketball center (black) (Muslim) (Houston Rockets, 1984-2001) (Toronto Raptors, 2001-2) Hakeem (Arab. "wise one") Abdul "the Dream" Olajuwon on Jan. 21 in Lagos; educated at the U. of Houston; half of the Twin Towers duo with Ralph Sampson (1960-). German-Am. 6'10" basketball player (white) (Dallas Mavericks #32, 1985-9) (Indiana Pacers #11, 1989-93) (Seattle Supersonics #12, 1993-9) Detlef Schrempf on Jan. 21 in Leverkusen, West Germany; educated at Washington U. Irish musician Fionnuala Sherry (Secret Garden) on Jan. 25 in Naas, County Kildare; educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Am. "Donna Abandando in NYPD Blue", "Helen Pryor in American Dreams", "1987 Apartment 10G Diet Pepsi Commercial", "Gloria Weldon in Boston Legal" actress Gail O'Grady on Jan. 23 in Detroit, Mich.; grows up in Wheaton, Ill. English pop singer Andrew John Ridgeley (Wham!) on Jan. 26 in Windlesham, Surrey; Egyptian-Italian father, British mother; partner of Keren Jane Woodward (1961-). English "Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain" environmentalist activist George Joshua Richard Monbiot on Jan. 27 Paddington, London; educated at Brasenose College, Oxford U. Palestinian PM (2006-) (Sunni Muslim) Ismail Haniyeh (Haniyah) on Jan. 29 in Al-Shati, Gaza Strip. Am. "Andrew in Touched by an Angel" actor John Carroll Dye on Jan. 31 in Amory, Miss. Am. "Live at Blues Alley" jazz-blues musician Eva Marie Cassidy (d. 1996) on Feb. 2 in Washington, D.C.; daughter of Hugh Cassidy (1935-); grows up in Oxon Hill, Md. Indian economist Raghuram Govinda Rajan on Feb. 3 in Bhopal; educated at MIT. Am. "Pro Libertate" conservative writer William Norman Grigg on Feb. 4 in Burley, Idaho; educated at Utah State U. Am. rock musician Kevin "Noodles" Wasserman (The Offspring) on Feb. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Natural Cures 'They' Don't Want You to Know About" alternative medicine infomercial king Kevin Mark Trudeau on Feb. 6 in Lynn, Mass. Italian "Saving Capitalism for the Capitalists" economist Luigi G. Zingales on Feb. 8 in Padua; educated at Bocconi U., and MIT. Am. "The Elegant Universe" physicist Brian Greene on Feb. 9 in New York City; educated at Columbia U., Harvard U. and Oxford U. Am. "I'm Gonna Be Somebody", "Anymore" country singer-songwriter James Travis Tritt on Feb. 9 in Marietta, Ga. Am. "Jasper Fant in Lonesome Dove", "Wolfman in Top Gun" actor Barry Tubb on Feb. 13 in Snyder, Tex. Am. 6'6" basketball player (black) (Chicago Bulls #23, 1984-93, #45, 1995-8) (Washington Wizards #12, 2001-3) (greatest of all time?) ("His Airness") Michael Jeffrey "Air" Jordan on Feb. 17 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; grows up in Wilmington, N.C.; educated at the U. of N.C. Am. "Killer" R&B singer-songwriter (black) Seal (Seal Henry Olusegun Olumide Adelo Samuel) on Feb. 19 in Paddington, London; Brazilian father, Nigerian mother; suffers from discoid lupus erythematosus; Olusegun means "God is victorious"; husband (2005-) of Heidi Klum (1973-). Am. "Gillian Gray in Judging Amy", "Megan Gordon Harrison in One Life to Live" actress Jessica Ines Tuck on Feb. 19 in New York City; educated at Yale U. Am. basketball power forward (black) ("the Round Mound of Rebound") (Philadelphia 76ers, 1984-92) (Phoenix Suns, 1992-6) (Houston Rockets, 1996-2000) Charles "Sir Charles" Wade Barkley on Feb. 20 in Leeds, Ala. Am. "Patrick Darling IV in Dirty Sexy Money", "Brian McCaffrey in Backdraft" actor William Joseph "Billy" Baldwin on Feb. 21 in Massapequa, N.Y.; brother of Alec Baldwin (1958-), Daniel Baldwin (1960-), and Stephen Baldwin (1966-); husband (1995-) of Chynna Phillips (1968-). Indo-Fijian 6'3" golfer ("The Big Fijian") Vijay Singh on Feb. 22 in Lautoka, Fiji. Canadian 5'9" hockey player (Calgary Flames #7, 1982-2002) Michael "Mike" Vernon on Feb. 24 in Calgary, Alberta. Am. heavy metal drummer Robert James "Rob" Affuso (Skid Row) on Mar. 1 in Newburgh, N.Y. Am. "Tsutomu Shimomura in Takedown", "Kai in Romeo Must Die" actor Russell Wong on Mar. 1 in Troy, N.Y.; Chinese-Dutch ancestry. Am. TV financial commentator Eric "the Admiral" Bolling on Mar. 2 in Chicago, Ill. Am. singer-entertainer (black) Suzette Charles (DeGaetano) on Mar. 2 in Mays Landing, N.J.; Italian descent father, African-Am. mother. Am. rock bassist Jason Curtis Newsted (Flotsam and Jetsam, Metallica, Voivod) on Mar. 3 in Battle Creek, Mich. Am. "prosperity gospel" telepastor (wannabe Antichrist?) Joel Scott Hayley Osteen on Mar. 5 in Houston, Tex.; husband (1987-) of Victoria Osteen (1961-); son of John Osteen (1921-99), a Southern Baptist minister who in 1958 switched to the Word of Faith sect and set up Lakewood Church in an abandoned feedstore in NE Houston; educated at Oral Roberts U. Am. "tambourine-playing Tracy in The Partridge Family" actress Suzanne J. Crough (d. 2015) on Mar. 6 in Fullerton, Calif.; Irish descent parents. Am. "The Hughleys" actor-comedian (black) Darryl Lynn Hughley on Mar. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "gay P.A.A. John Irvin in NYPD Blue" actor (gay) Bill Brochtrup on Mar. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif.; raised in Tacoma, Wash. English "Fifty Shades of Grey" novelist E.L. James (Erika Mitchell) on Mar. 7 in London; Scottish father, Chilean mother; grows up in Buckinghamshire; educated at the U. of Kent. Am. rock bassist Jeffrey Allen "Jeff" Ament (Pearl Jam) on Mar. 10 in Havre, Mont. Am. record producer (co-founder of Def Jam Records) (Jewish) Frederick Jay "Rick" Rubin on Mar. 10 in Long Beach, N.Y.; educated at NYU. Spanish astronaut Pedro Duque Duque on Mar. 14 in Madrid. Am. rock singer Mike Muir (Suicidal Tendencies, Infectious Grooves) on Mar. 14 in Venice, Calif. Am. singer Bret Michaels (Bret Michael Sychak) (Poison) on Mar. 15 in Butler, Penn.; winner of Celebrity Apprentice 3 (2010). Am. rock drummer Jimmy DeGrasso (Megadeth) on Mar. 16 in Bethlehem, Pann. Am. rock bassist Michael Lee Ivins (Flaming Lips) on Mar. 17 in Omaha, Neb. Am. rock musician Jeffrey Philip "Jeff" LaBar (Cinderella) on Mar. 18 in Darby, Penn. Am. "Soul Food" actress-singer and beauty queen (black) Vanessa Lynn Williams on Mar. 18 in Tarrytown, N.Y.; grows up in Millwood, N.Y.; first African-Am. Miss America (Sept. 17, 1983); first Miss America to resign her crown (July 23, 1984). Am. model-actress Kathleen Marie "Kathy" Ireland on Mar. 20 in Santa Barbara, Calif. English "Remus Lupin in Harry Potter", "Hospitaler in Kingdom of Heaven", "King Einon in Dragonheart" actor David Thewlis (Wheeler) on Mar. 20 in Blackpool, Lancashire. Am. rock drummer Ira Sebastian Elliot (Nada Surf) on Mar. 21 in New York City. English "Don't You Want Me" singer Susan Ann Sulley (Human League) on Mar. 22 in Sheffield. Am. "Crash Proof" financial commentator-writer Peter David Schiff on Mar. 23 in New Haven, Conn.; son of Irwin Schiff (1928-); educated at UCB. Am. 6'4" football QB (black) (Philadelphia Eagles #12, 1985-95) Randall Wade Cunningham on Mar. 27 in Santa Barbara, Calif.; educated at the U. of Nev. Am. "Pulp Fiction", "Reservoir Dogs", "Kill Bill" dir.-actor-writer-producer Quentin Jerome Tarantino on Mar. 27 in Knoxville, Tenn. Palestinian Hamas PM (2006-7) (Sunni Muslim) Ismail Haniyeh on Mar. 29 in Al-Shati, Gaza Strip. Brazilian TV host Xuxa (Maria da Graca Xuxa Meneghel) (pr. shoo-shah) on Mar. 27 in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul; of German, Austrian, Italian, and Polish descent. Mongolian pres. #4 (2009-17) Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj on Mar. 30 in Zereg; educated at Lviv Polytechnic, and U. of Colo. Am. "U Can't Touch This" rapper (black) MC Hammer (Stanley Kirk Burrell) on Mar. 30 in Oakland, Calif.; batboy for the Oakland A's from 1972-80, during which time Reggie Jackson nicknames him "Hammer" because he looks like Hammerin' Hank Aaron. Canadian "Deborah Unger in Bangkok Hilton", "Christine in The Game" actress Deborah Kara Unger on Mar. 31 in Vancouver, B.C. Vietnamese celeb Phan Thi Kim Phuc on Apr. 2 in Trang Bang. Am. football WR (black) (Green Bay Packers #84, 1988-94) Sterling Sharpe on Apr. 6 in Chicago, Ill.; brother of Shannon Sharpe (1968-). English rocker John Charles Julian Lennon (AKA JCJ) on Apr. 8 in Liverpool; son of Beatle John Lennon (1940-80) and 1st wife Cynthia Powell Lennon (1939-); godfather is Brian Epstein; named after John's mother Julia, who splits with John when JCJ is five; half-brother of Sean Lennon (1975-); his watercolor painting of classmate Lucy surrounded by stars inspires "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"; "Hey Jude" (originally "Hey Jules") by Paul McCartney is written to console him after his parents' divorce. Am. fashion designer (Jewish) (gay) Marc Jacobs on Apr. 9 in New York City. Russian-Azerbaijani world chess champ #13 (1985-2000) (Jewish) Garry Kimovich Kasparov (Weinstein) on Apr. 13 in Baku, Azerbaijan; only child of a Jewish father and an Armenian mother. Am. 5'10" basketball player (black) (Houston Comets, 1997-2000) Cynthia Lynne Cooper (Cooper-Dyke) on Apr. 14 in Chicago, Ill.; grows up in South Central Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at USC. Am. "Assignment America" TV journalist Stephen Robert "Steve" Hartman on Apr. 14 in Toledo, Ohio; educated at Bowling Green State U. Ecuadorian "Rico Suave" rapper ("the Latin Elvis") ("the Latin Frank Sinatra") Gerardo (Mejia) on Apr. 16 in Guyaquil. Am. "Long Haired Lover from Liverpool" singer James Arthur "Jimmy" Osmond (The Osmonds) on Apr. 16 in Canoga Park, Calif.; youngest of the Osmonds. Am. "Peter James Pete Cavanaugh in Dharma & Greg" actor Joel Murray on Apr. 17 in Wilmette, Ill.; brother of Brian Doyle-Murray (1945-), Bill Murray (1950-), and John Murray (1958-). Canadian-Am. "Will Truman in Will and Grace" actor-writer-producer Eric James McCormack on Apr. 18 in Toronto, Ont., Canada; of Cherokee and Scottish descent; educated at Ryerson U. Am. TV talk show host Conan Christopher O'Brien on Apr. 18 in Brookline, Mass. Turkish Muslim feminist imam-lawyer *in Germany) Seyran Ates on Apr. 20 in Istanbul; educated at the Free U. of Berlin. Canadian "Michael Samuelle in La Femme Nikita" actor Roy Dupuis on Apr. 21 in New Liskeard, Ont. Am. "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" actor-dir.-writer (gay) John Cameron Mitchell on Apr. 21 in El Paso, Tex. Chinese actor Jet Li (Li Lianje) on Apr. 26 in Beijing. Am. auto racer Michael Curtis Waltrip on Apr. 30 in Owensboro, Ky.; brother of Darrell Waltrip (1947-). English Green Party politician Mallen Baker on May 22. English "Hideous Kinky" novelist Esther Freud on May 2 in London; daughter of Lucian Freud (1922-2011); great-granddaughter of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Am. "Grey Gardens" composer (gay) Scott David Frankel on May 6 in ?; educated at Yale U. (Skull & Bones). Am. astronaut Lisa Marie Nowak (nee Caputo) on May 10 in Washington, D.C. Am. "Topdog/Underdog" playwright (black) Suzan-Lori Parks on May 10 in Fort Knox, Ky.; educated at Mount Holyoke College. English "Patty Hearst" actress Natasha Jane Richardson (d. 2009) on May 11 in London; daughter of Vanessa Redgrave (1937-) and Tony Richardson (1928-91); sister of Joely Richardson (1965-); wife (1994-2009) of Liam Neeson. South African "Tsotsi" film dir.-producer-writer-actor Gavin Hood on May 12 in Johannesburg. Am. stuntman-actor Jerry Foster Trimble Jr. on May 12 in Newport, Ky.; husband (2002-) of Ami Dolenz (1969-). Am. rock musician Page Samuel McConnell (Phish) on May 17 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. "Don Hewitt in "Good Night, and Good Luck" actor-dir.-producer-writer Grant Heslov on May 15 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Am. Dem. politician Wendy Russell Davis (nee Wendy Jean Russell) on May 16 in West Warwick, R.I.; educated at TCU. English rock musician Brian "Nasher" Nash (Frankie Goes to Hollywood) on May 20 in Liverpool. Am. "Sound on Sound" novelist Christopher Sorrentino on May 20; son of Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006). Am. "The Opie and Anthony Show" radio talk host Gregg "Opie" Hughes on May 23 in Centerport, N.Y.; educated at SUNY. Am. "The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay" novelist (Jewish) Michael Chabon on May 24 in Washington, D.C. ; educated at UCI. Am. 6'3" hall-of-fame basketball guard (black) (Detroit Pistons #4, 1985-99) Joe Dumars III on May 24 in Shreveport, La.; educated at McNeese State U. Canadian "Wayne's World", "Austin Powers", "Shrek" actor-comedian Michael John "Mike" Myers on May 25 in Toronto, Scarborough, Ont. English rock musician Blaze Bayley (Bayley Alexander Cooke) (Wolfsband, Iron Maiden, Blaze Bayley) on May 29 in Birmingham. Am. "Lauren Fenmore in The Young and the Restless" actress Tracey E. Bregman on May 29 in Munich, Germany. Am. "Blair Warner in The Facts of Life" actress Lisa Diane Whelchel on May 29 in Littlefield (near Ft. Worth), Tex.; starts out as a Mousketeer in 1977-8. English chemist (first British astronaut) Helen Patricia Sharman on May 30 in Grenoside, Sheffield; educated at the U. of London. Am. "Jihad Jane" jihadist (Muslim convert) Colleen Renee "Fatima" LaRose on June 5 in Mich. U.S. Repub. rep. (2001-14) (Jewish) Eric Ivan Cantor on June 6 in Richmond, Va.; educated at George Washington U., William & Mary U., and Columbia U. English "Lucius Malfoy in Harry Potter", "Col. William Tavington in The Patriot" actor (Jewish) Jason Isaacs on June 6 in Liverpool. Am. rock singer-musician (Baptist) Gordon Gano (Violent Femmes) on June 7 in Milwaukee, Wisc. Am. "Edward Scissorshands", "Donnie Brasco", "Capt. Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean", "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" actor (clourophobe) John Christopher "Johnny" Depp II on June 9 [Gemini] in Owensboro, Ky.; raised in Fla.; drops out of h.s. at age 15. Am. "Abby McDeere in The Firm", "Dr. Beth Garner in Basic Instinct", "Helen in Waterworld", "Barb Henrickson in Big Love" actress Jeanne Tripplehorn on June 10 in Tulsa, Okla. Am. rock bassist Robbie Merrill (Godsmack) on June 13 in Lawrence, Mass. Dem. Repub. of the Congo pres. #5 (2019-) (black) Felix (Félix) Antoine Tshilombo Tshisekedi on June 13 in Leopoldville. Am. "Jamie Stemple Buchman in Mad About You", "Carol Connelly in As Good As It Gets", "Dr. Jo Harding in Twister" actress Helen Elizabeth Hunt on June 15 [Gemini] in Culver City, Calif. Am. rock drummer Scott Rockenfield (Queensryche) on June 15 in Seattle, Wash. Am. "Talk Soup", "As Good As It Gets" actor Gregory "Greg" Kinnear on June 17 [Gemini] in Logansport, Ind. Bulgarian pres. (2017-) maj. gen. Rumen Georgiev Radev< on June 18 in Dimitrovgrad. Chinese "The Three-Body Problem" sci-fi novelist Liu Cixin (Cixin Liu) on June 23 in Yangquan, Shanxi. Thair "Shopgirl" dir. (in England) Anand Tucker on June 24 in Bangkok, Thailand; Indian father, German mother. Canadian "Life of Pi" novelist (Jewish) Yann Martel on June 25 in Salamanca, Spain. Russian oil billionaire (Jewish) Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky on June 26 in Moscow. Am. "The Night Larry Kramer Kissed Me" actor-dir.-writer (gay) David Drake (Drakula) on June 27 in Edgewood, Md.; raised in Baltimore, Md. German violinist (child prodigy) Anne-Sophie Mutter on June 29 in Rheinfelden. English "Faith" rock singer (gay) George Michael (Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou) (d. 2016) (Wham!) on June 25 in East Finchley, North London; Greek Cypriot immigrant father, English mother. English "Septimius Warren Smith in Mrs. Dalloway" actor Rupert Graves on June 30 in Weston-Super-Mare, Somerset. Swedish rock musician Yngwie Johann Malmsteed (Lars Johann Yngve Lannerback) on June 30 in Stockholm. Am. hall-of-fame bowler (alcoholic) Delmas Perry "Del" Ballard Jr. on July 1 in Richardson, Tex.; husband of Carolyn Dorin-Ballard (1964-). Danish moderate Muslim leader Naser Khader on July 1 in Damascus, Syria; Palestinian father, Syrian mother. Am. astronaut-physicist Edward Tsang Lu on July 1 in Webster, N.Y.; educated at Cornell U. and Stanford U. Am. businessman Christopher George Kennedy on July 4 in Boston, Mass.; son of Robert F. Kennedy (1925-68) and Ethel Kennedy (1928-); 8th of 11 children; educated at Boston College, and Northwestern U. Am. rock bassist-songwriter Matthew Mark "Matt" Malley (Counting Crows) on July 4 in Oakland, Calif. Am. "Carmela Soprano in The Sopranos", "Diane Wittlesey in Oz", "Nurse Jackie" actress Edith "Edie" Falco on July 5 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Italian-Am. father, Swedish-Am. mother; educated at SUNY Purchase. Am. "Prof. Stanley Oglevee in The Parkers" actor (black) Dorien Wilson on July 5 in Lompoc, Calif. Am. Dem. Okla. gov. #26 (2003-11) Charles Bradford "Brad" Henry on July 10 in Shawnee, Okla.; cousin of Robert Harlan Henry (1953-); educated at the U. of Okla. Canadian 6'1" hockey hall-of-fame player Allan "Al" MacInnis on July 11 in Inverness, N.S. Am. "Billie Reed in Days of Our Lives" actress Lisa Deanna Rinna on July 11 in Medford, Ore. Danish "Red Sonja", "Rocky IV" actress (alcoholic) Gitte "Brigitte" Nielsen on July 15 in Copenhagen; speaks Danish, German, Italian, and English; wife (1985-7) of Sylvester Stallone (1946-). Am. "Fast Times at Ridgemont High", "Gremlins", "Drop Dead Fred", "Princess Caraboo" actress (Jewish) Phoebe Cates (Phoebe Belle Katz) on July 16 in New York City; Russian Jewish immigrant father Joseph Cates (Katz); mother is of part Chinese Filipino descent; educated at Juilliard School; wife (1989-) of Kevin Kline; mother of Owen Kline (1991-) and Greta Kline (1994-). U.S. Rep. (D-Mass.) (2013-) Katherine Marlea Clark on July 17 in New Haven, Conn.; educated at St. Lawrence U., Cornell U., and Harvard U. Finnish Olympic ski jumper Matti Ensio Nykanen (Nykänen) on July 17 in Jyvaskyla. Am. "Artie Bucco in The Sopranos" actor John Ventimiglia on July 17. Am. "Check out the big brain on Brett in Pulp Fiction", "Guy in Swimming with Sharks" actor-dir. Frank Whaley on July 20 in Syracuse, N.Y. Am. comedian-writer Gregory Paul "Greg" Behrendt on July 21. Am. "Alice Abbott in Inventing the Abbotts" actress Joanna Going on July 22 in Washington, D.C. Am. singer (lesbian) Emily Saliers (Indigo Girls) on July 22 in New Haven, Conn. Am. 6'9" hall-of-fame basketball player (black) (Los Angeles Lakers #32, 1985-2003) Karl Anthony "the Mailman" Malone on July 24 in Summerfield, La.; educated at Louisiana Tech U. Palestinian Yasser Arafat widow (1990-2004) (Muslim convert) Suha Arafat (nee Suha Daoud Tawil) on July 27 in West Bank. Am. "Chris Docknovich in Murder One" actor Michael Hayden on July 28 in St. Paul, Minn. Am. "Phoebe Buffay, oldest of the friends in Friends" actress (Jewish) Lisa Valerie Kudrow on July 30 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Euro Jewish ancestry; sister of Hele Marla Kudrow (1955-) and David B. Kudrow (1957); educated at Vassar College (B.S. in biology); works on her physician father Lee N. Kudrow (1933-)'s staff researching headache treatments for eight years until her 1994 "Friends" breakthrough. Am. 6'6" basketball player (white) (Golden State Warriors #13, 1985-97) (Indiana Pacers #17, 1997-2000) Christopher Paul "Chris" Mullin on July 30 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; educated at St. John's U. Am. country singer-wrestler-disc jockey Chad Brock on July 31 in Ocala, Fla. English "Weapon of Choice" big beat musician and DJ Fatboy Slim (Quentin Leo "Norman" Cook) on July 31 in Bromley, Kent. Am. rocker James Alan Hetfield (Metallica) on Aug. 3 in Downey, Calif. Am. rock singer-musician Edgar Eugene "Ed" Roland Jr. (Collective Soul) on Aug. 3 in Stockbridge, Ga. Am. "Dr. Preston Burke in Grey's Anatomy" actor (black) Isaiah Washington on Aug. 3 in Houston, Tex. Am. Dem. politician (black) (Muslim) Keith Maurice Ellison on Aug. 4 in Detroit, Mich.; first Muslim elected to the U.S. Congress, and first African-Am. elected to the House from Minn. (2006); raised Roman Catholic, converts to Islam at age 19. English "Merlin in Kingsman" actor Mark Strong (Marco Giuseppe Salussolia) on Aug. 5 in London; Italian father, Austrian mother; educated at Wymondham College, and Ludwig Maximilian U. of Munich. English novelist Charles Ingram on Aug. 6. Am. "Link in The Matrix", "Augustus Hill in Oz", "Mike Dawson in Lost" actor (black) Harold Perrineau on Aug. 7 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. jazz pianist (black) (blind) Marcus Roberts on Aug. 7 in Jacksonville, Fla.; educating at Fla. State U. Am. "National Treasure", "Phenomenon", "Cool Runnings" dir. Jonathan Charles "Jon" Turteltaub on Aug. 8 in Shelbyville, Tenn.; educated at Wesleyan U. Am. "I Will Always Love You" singer-actress (black) ("The Voice") Whitney Elizabeth Houston on Aug. 9 in Newark, N.J.; daughter of Cissy Houston (1963-). Am. "Baby Got Back" rapper (black) Sir Mix-A-Lot (Anthony Ray) on Aug. 12 in Seattle, Calif. Mexican "Birdman" dir.-writer-producer-composer Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu (González Iñárritu) on Aug. 15 in Mexico City. Am. "Michael Scott in The Office" comedian Steven John "Steve" Carell on Aug. 16 in Acton, Mass. Am. osteopathic physician Larry Gerard Nassar on Aug. 16; grows up in Farmington Hills, Mich.; educated at the U. of Mich. Am. "What Black Men Think", "Men II Boys" dir. (black) Janks Morton Jr. on Aug. 18 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Am. "Jesse Katsopolis in Full House", "Dr. Tony Gates in ER" actor John Phillip Stamos on Aug. 19 in Cypress, Calif.; husband (1998-2005) of Rebecca Romijn (1972-). Swedish "The Final Countdown" singer-songwriter Joey Tempest (Rolf Magus Joakim Larsson) (Europe) on Aug. 19 in Stockholm. Moroccan king (1999-) (Sunni Muslim) Mohammed VI on Aug. 21 in Rabat; son of King Hassan II (1929-99). Am. "Crucify", "Cornflake Girl", "A Sorta Fairytale" pianist-singer-songwriter (redhead) Myra Ellen "Tori" Amos on Aug. 22 in Newton, N.C. Am. R&B "All This Love" singer (black) James Curtis DeBarge on Aug. 22 in Grand Rapids, Mich. Am. rock singer John Bush (Anthrax, Armored Saint) on Aug. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Humpty Hump" rapper (black) Shock G (Gregory E. Jacobs) (Digial Underground) on Aug. 25 in Oakland, Calif. Am. "Freakonomics" journalist (Jewish) Stephen J. Dubner on Aug. 26; parents are Jews who converted to Roman Catholicism; educated at Columbia U. Am. "Vick Mackey in The Shield" actor (bald) Michael Charles Chiklis on Aug. 30 in Lowell, Mass.; paternal ancestors are from er, Lesbos; educated at Boston U. English "Lord Blackwood Sherlock Holmes", "Frank D'Amico in Kick-Ass" actor Mark Strong (Marco Giuseppe Salussolia) on Ag. 30 in London; Italian father, Austrian mother. Am. rock musician Richard Earl "Reb" Beach Jr. (Winger, Whitesnake) on Aug. 31 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Mexican "Mayor Esteban Reyes in Weeds" actor Demian Bichir Najera (Demián Bichir Nájera) on Aug. 1 in Mexico City. Am. singer-songwriter-musician Grant Lee Phillips (Grant Lee Buffalo) on Sept. 1 in Stockton, Calif. Canadian "The Tipping Point", "Blink", "Outliers", "David and Goliath" writer-journalist (black) Malcolm Timothy Gladwell on Sept. 3 in Fareham, Hampshire, England; English father, Jamaican mother; emigrates to Canada at age 6; educated at the Trinity College, U. of Toronto. Dutch MP (1998-) Geert Wilders on Sept. 6 in Venlo; raised Roman Catholic; champion of anti-immigration and anti-Islam forces in Europe. Jamaican extremist Muslim cleric (black) Abdullah el-Faisal (Trevor William Forest) on Sept. 10 in St. James Parish. Am. 6'10" baseball pitcher (lefty) ("the Big Unit") (Seattle Mariners, 1989-98) (Arizona Diamondbacks, 1999-2004, 2007-8) Randall David "Randy" Johnson on Sept. 10 in Walnut Creek, Calif.; educated at USC. Am. "Maya in Sideways", "Helen Lyle in Candyman" actress Virginia G. Madsen on Sept. 11 in Chicago, Ill.; sister of Michael Madsen (1958-); wife (1989-92) of Danny Huston, and (1993-8) Antonio Sabato Jr. Am. "Pvt. Alberto Ruiz in Tour of Duty", "Pvt. Aponte in Heartbreak Ridge" actor Ramon Franco on Sept. 12 in Caguas, Puerto Rico; raised in South Bronx, N.Y. Am. "Life on a Stick" actress Amy Yasbeck on Sept. 12 in Cincinnati, Ohio; Irish-Lebanese descent; starts out on the package for the Easy-Bake Oven. Am. "Simon Grim in Henry Fool" actor James Christian Urbaniak on Sept. 17 in Bayonne, N.J. English "The Bourne Identty", "Ice Age", "Horton Hears a Who!" film score composer John Powell on Sept. 18 in London. Am. "Diane Jenkins in The Young and the Restless", "Priscilla Presley in Elvis and Me" actress Susan Walters on Sept. 28 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. singer-musician (electric bass) Leslie Edward "Les" Claypool (Primus) on Sept. 29 in Richmond, Calif. Am. "What Do Ya Think About That", "If You Ever Stop Loving Me" country music singer Gerald Edward "Eddie" Montgomery (Montgomery Gentry) on Sept. 30 in Danville, Ky.; collaborator of Troy Gentry (1967-2017). English "Stomp" drummer Luke Cresswell/a> on Oct. 1; collaborator of Steve McNicholas (1955-). Am. ambassador #7 to Russia (2012-14) Michael Anthony McFaul on Oct. 1 in Glasgow, Mont.; educated at Stanford U., and St. John's College, Oxford U. Am. baseball 1B player (Oakland Athletics, 1986-97) (St. Louis Cardinals, 1997-2001) Mark David "Big Mac" McGwire on Oct. 1 in Pomona, Calif.; educated at USC; 583 home runs, 1,414 RBI, .263 avg. Spanish CRISPR microbiologist Francisco Juan Martinez Mojica on Oct. 5. Am. "Jennifer Parker in Back to the Future", "Leaving Las Vegas" actress Elisabeth Judson Shue on Oct. 6 in Wilmington, Del.; educated at Wellesley College, and Harvard U. South Korean "Kicking Away the Ladder" heterodox economist Ha-Joon Chang on Oct. 7 in Seoul; educated at Cambridge U. U.S. U.N. envoy (2010-) Joseph M. "Joe" Torsella on Oct. 8 in Berwick, Penn.; educated at the U. of Penn. and New College, Oxford U. English rock bassist James "Jim" Glennie (James) on Oct. 10 in Manchester. Am. "Tyler Ann Endicott in Point Break", "Tank Girl", "Kit Keller in A League of Their Own" actress-dir. (vegan) Lori Petty on Oct. 14 in Chattanooga, Tenn. Canadian "crackwhore" actor-comedian Norman Gene "Norm" Macdonald on Oct. 17 in Quebec City, Quebec. Am. figure skater Brian Anthony Boitano on Oct. 22 in Mountain View, Calif. Am. "Sister Stephanie Steve Oskowski in The Father Dowling Mysteries" actress Tracy Kristin Nelson on Oct. 25 in Santa Monica, Calif; daughter of Ricky Nelson (1940-85); not to be confused with singer Tracy Nelson (1944-). Canadian "Ed" actor Thomas "Tom" Cavanagh on Oct. 26 in Ottawa, Ont. Am. "Because the Night", "Wonder", "Carnival", "Hey Jack Kerouac" singer-songwriter Natalie Anne O'Shea Merchant (10,000 Maniacs) on Oct. 26 in Jamestown, N.Y. Am. actress-celeb Marla Maples on Oct. 27 in Cohutta, Ga.; distant cousin of Heather Locklear (1961-); wife (1993-9) of Donald Trump (1946-). Am. "Mary Swanson in Dumb & Dumber", "Linda Lee in Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story" actress Lauren Michael Holly on Oct. 28 in Bristol, Penn. Am. "Felicia Scorpio in General Hospital" actress Kristina Wagner (Malandro) on Oct. 30 in Indianapolis, Ind. Am. musician-songwriter Johnny Marr (John Martin Maher) (Smiths, Electronic, Cribs) on Oct. 31 in Ardwick, Manchester. Am. "Gavin Mitchell in Friends" actor Dermot Mulroney on Oct. 31 in Alexandria, Va. Am. "Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo" actor-comedian-writer-dir. Robert Michael "Rob" Schneider on Oct. 31 in San Francisco, Calif.; Jewish father, Roman Catholic Philippine descent mother; first Asian-Am. cast member of "Saturday Night Live" (1988). English rock drummer Richard John Cyril "Rick" Allen (Def Leppard) on Nov. 1 in Dronfield, Derbyshire; plays with an amputated left arm lost in an accident in his Corvette on Dec. 31, 1984. Am. rock bassist Robert Harry "Bobby" Dall (Kuykendall) (Poison) on Nov. 2 in Miami, Fla. Am. "Annie" actress-singer Andrea McArdle on Nov. 5 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. "Paper Moon" actress Tatum Beatrice O'Neal on Nov. 5 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Ryan O'Neal (1941-). Am. football QB Vincent Frank "Vinny" Testaverde on Nov. 13 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. tennis player (black) Zina Lynna Garrison on Nov. 16 in Houston, Tex.; doubles partner of Pam Shriver (1962-). Am. "Dr. Sean McNamara in Nip/Tuck" actor Charles Hunter "Dylan" Walsh on Nov. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. 6'8" cocaine-loving college basketball star (black) Leonard Kevin "Len" Bias (d. 1986) on Nov. 18 in Landover, Md. Am. "Jadzia Dax in Star Trek: DS9" 6'0" actress Theresa Lee "Terry" Farrell on Nov. 9 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. English "Paige Matheson in Knots Landing", "Edie Britt in Desperate Housewives" actress Nicollette (Colette) Sheridan on Nov. 21 in Worthing, Sussex; daughter of Sally Sheridan (Adams); great-grandmother is of Punjabi descent; at age 10 moves to Los Angeles to be with stepfather Telly Savalas while starting his new "Kojak" series. Am. "Ben Jabituya in Short Circuit", "Eugene the Plague Belford in Hackers" actor Fisher Stevens (Steven Fisher) on Nov. 27 in Chicago, Ill. Am. "Bel Canto" novelist Ann Patchett on Dec. 2 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Sarah Lawrence College. British Olympic ski jumper Michael "Eddie the Eagle" Edwards on Dec. 5 in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. Am. country singer-guitarist Tyler "Ty" England on Dec. 5 in Okla. Am. actress-singer-playwright Carrie Hamilton (d. 2002) on Dec. 5 in New York City; daughter of Carol Burnett (1933-) and Joe Hamilton (1929-91). Danish "Gorlacon in Centurion" actor Ulrich Thomsen on Dec. 6 in Odense. Am. punk rock singer Katherine "Kat" Bjelland (Babes in Toyland) on Dec. 8 in Salem, Ore. Japanese crown princess (1993-) Masako (Owada) on Dec. 9 in Tokyo; educated at Harvard U.; wife (1993-) of crown prince Naruhito, eldest son of Akihito and Michiko. Am. 6'1" hockey player Christopher T. "Chris" Kontos on Dec. 10 in Toronto, Ont. Burundi pres. (2005-) (black) Pierre Nkurunziza on Dec. 18 in Bujumbura; son of Eustache Ngabisha. Am. "Supergirl" actress Helen Rachel Slater on Dec. 15 in Massapequa, N.Y. Am. "Eric Matthews in Miss Congeniality" actor Benjamin Bratt on Dec. 16 in San Francisco, Calif.; German father, Quechua mother. Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (Chicago Bulls #34, 1985-8, 2001-2) (New York Knicks #33, 1988-98) (Toronto Raptors, 1998-2001) (Washington Wizards, 2002-3) (Houston Rockets, 2004) Charles Oakley on Dec. 18 in Cleveland, Ohio; educated at Virginia Union U. Am. "Jeffrey Goines in Twelve Monkeys", "Louis de Pointe du Lac in Interview with the Vampire", "Heinrich Harrer in Seven Years in Tibet", "Achilles in Troy" actor-producer (atheist) William Bradley "Brad" Pitt on Dec. 18 in Shawnee, Okla.; husband (2000-5) of Jennifer Aniston (1969-); partner (2005-2016) of Angelina Jolie (1975-); "There's peace in life in understanding that I have only one life, here and now, and I'm responsible"; father of Zahara Jolie-Pitt (2005-), Shiloh Nouvel Jolie-Pitt (2006-), Pax Thien Jolie-Pitt (2007-), and twins Knox Leon Pitt (2008-) and Vivienne Marcheline Pitt (2008-). Am. "Alexandra Alex Owens in Flashdance", "Bette Porter in The L Word" actress Jennifer Beals on Dec. 19 in Chicago, Ill. Am. Goldman Sachs banker (Jewish) Steven Terner "Steve" Mnuchin on Dec. 21 in New York City; educated at Yale U. German 6'10" basketball player-coach (Dallas Mavericks, 1985-9) (Indiana Pacers, 1989-93) (Seattle Supersonics, 1993-9) (Portland Trail Blazers, 1999-2001) Detlef Schrempf on Dec. 21 in Leverkusen; moves to the U.S. in 1980; wins the NBA Sixth Man Award in 1991-2. U.S. Rep. (R-Ga.) (2015-) Barry Dean Loudermilk on Dec. 22 in Riverdale, Ga.; educated at Air U., and Wayland Baptist U. Am. 6'3' football coach-player (San Francisco 49ers, 2011-14) James Joseph "Jim" Harbaugh on Dec. 23 in Toledo, Ohio; brother of John Harbaugh (1962-); first brothers to serve as head NFL coaches; educated at the U. of Mich. Am. "The Secret History", "The Little Friend", "The Goldfinch" novelist (Roman Catholic) Donna Tartt on Dec. 23 in Greenwood, Miss.; educated at Bennington College. Am. R&B singer (black) Terry Wayne Weeks (The Temptations) on Dec. 23 in Birmingham, Ala. Am. rock musician Mary Ramsey (John & Mary, 10,000 Maniacs) on Dec. 24 in Washington, D.C. Am. rock drummer Lars Ulrich (Metallica) on Dec. 26 in Gentofte, Denmark; emigrates to the U.S. in 1979. Danish chef Claus Meyer on Dec. 27 in Nykobing Falster. Am. economist (Jewish?) Matthew Joel Rabin on Dec. 27; educated at the U. of Wisc., London School of Economics, and MIT. Am. football coach (New Orleans Saints, 2006-) Patrick Sean Payton on Dec. 29 in San Mateo, Calif.; educated at Eastern Ill. U. Am. "Capote", "Moneyball" dir. Bennett Miller on Dec. 30 in New York City. U.S. state secy. #70 (2018-), CIA dir. (2017-8), and U.S. Rep. (R-Kan.) (2011-7) Michael Richard "Mike" Pompeo on Dec. 30 in Orange, Calif.; educated at West Point Academy, and Harvard U. Am. musician (Jewish) Scott Ian Rosenfeld (Anthrax, Stormtroopers of Death) on Dec. 31 in Queens, N.Y. Ecuadorian serial killer ("the Monster of Machala") Gilberto Antonio Chamba Jaramillo in Machala. Am. "The Gulf: The Making of an American Sea" historian Jack Emerson Davis on ? in ?; educated at the U. of South Fla., and Brandeis U. Israeli billionaire (Jewish) Patrick Drahi on ? in Casablanca, Morocco; grows up in Montepellier, France; educated at Ecole Polytechnique. English "Sixty Six Books" playwright-novelist-actress-dir. (lesbian) (Buddhist) Stella Frances Silas Duffy on ? in Woolwich, London; Kiwi father, English mother; grows up in New Zealand; educated at Victoria U. of Wellington. Am. political scientist (Jewish) Robert Malley on ? in New York City; educated at Yale U., Oxford U., and Harvard U; Egyptian Jewish father. Am. Islamic law prof. Khaled Abou El Fadl on ? in Kuwait; educated at Yale U., U. of Penn., and Princeton U. Cuban TV producer Nely Galan (Galán) (Arnely Alvarez) on ? in Santa Clara. Libyan al-Qaida terrorist (Muslim) Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi (Ali Mohamed al-Fakheri) (d. 2009) on ? in ?. Australian biologist Jennifer Marohasy on ? in ?; educated at the U. of Queensland. Canadian Muslim convert (pres. of the Islamic Society of North Am.) Ingrid Mattson on ? in Kitchener, Ont.; educated at the U. of Waterloo, and U. of Chicago. Am. economist Stephen Morris on ? in ?; educated at Cambridge U., and Yale U. Am. Cartoon Network head (2001-7) James D. "Jim" Samples on ? in Atlanta, Ga. South Korean economist Hyun-Song Shin on ? in ?; educated at Nuffield College, Oxford U. Am. "The Noonday Demon" writer (Jewish) (gay) Andrew Solomon on ? in New York City; son of Howard Solomon; educated at Yale U., and Jesus College, Cambridge U.; becomes dual U.K. citizen in 2007. Israeli Arab journalist Khaled Abu Toameh on ? in Tulkarem, West Bank; "Israel is a wonderful place to live, and we are happy to be there. Israel is a free and open country. If I were given the choice, I would rather live in Israel as a second class citizen than as a first class citizen in Cairo, Gaza, Amman or Ramallah." English installation artist sculptor Rachel Whiteread on ? in London. English "Harry Potter" dir. David Yates on ? in St. Helens, Merseyside. English "How to Lose Friends and Alienate People" journalist ("England's heterosexual Truman Capote") Toby Daniel Moorsom Young; son of Michael Young (1915-2002); educated at Brasenose College, Oxford U., Trinity College, Cambridge U., and Harvard U. Deaths: French mathematician Jacques Salomon Hadamard (b. 1865) on Oct. 17 in Paris. Am. "The Greek Way" educator-writer Edith Hamilton (b. 1867) on May 31: "A people's literature is the great textbook for real knowledge of them. The writings of the day show the quality of the people as no historical reconstruction can." Am. black writer W.E.B. Du Bois (b. 1868) on Aug. 27 in Accra, Ghana: "As you live, believe in life... The only possible death is to lose belief in this truth simply because the great end comes slowly, because time is long." Am. Dairy Queen founder John Fremont McCullough (b. 1871) on Feb. 9 in Davenport, Iowa (cerebral thrombosis). British politician Herbert Samuel (b. 1870) on Feb. 2. Am. polymath philosopher Walter Bowman Russell (b. 1871) on May 19; after he is "refolded", Walter Cronkite calls him "the Leonardo da Vinci of our time." English "Wolf Solent" novelist John Cowper Powys (b. 1872) on June 17 in Blaenau Ffestiniog, Wales. Egyptian writer Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid (b. 1872). Am. Adm. William H. Standley (b. 1872) on Oct. 25. Am. fossil hunter Barnum Brown (b. 1873). Am. "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" lyricist-librettist Otto Harbach (b. 1873) on Jan. 24 in New York City. Am. poet Robert Frost (b. 1874) on Jan. 29 in Boston, Mass. (heart failure): "Good fences make good neighbors"; "Poetry is what gets lost in translation"; "The best way out is always through"; "I shall be telling this with a sigh/ Somewhere ages and ages hence:/ Two roads diverged in a wood, and I --/ I took the one less travelled by,/ And that has made all the difference"; "People are inexterminable - like flies and bed-bugs. There will always be some that survive in cracks and crevices - that's us." French Gen. Pierre Hering (b. 1874) on Jan. 16. French poet Marie de Regnier (b. 1875) on Feb. 6 in Suresnes. English-born Am. marathon runner Thomas J. Hicks (b. 1875) on Dec. 2. English "The Savoy Cocktail Book" bartender Harry Craddock (b. 1876) on Jan. 25 in London; buried in a pauper's grave. Italian neurologist (electroconvulsive therapy inventor) Ugo Cerletti (b. 1877) on July 25. U.S. Dem. Sen. (1929-53) Tom Connally (b. 1877) on Oct. 28 in Washington, D.C. British civil servant Maurice Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey (b. 1877) on Jan. 26. Am. aviation pioneer Gen. Frank Purdy Lahm (b. 1877) on July 7 in Sandusky, Ohio. English Morris Motor Co. founder William Morris (1834-96), 1st Viscount Nuffield (b. 1877) on Aug. 22. English economist William Henry Beveridge (b. 1879) on Mar. 16 in Oxford. English historian Sir Maurice Powicke (b. 1879) on May 19 in Oxford: "History is full of the dead weight of things which have escaped the control of the mind, yet drive man on with a blind force." Am. theater owner Jacob J. Shubert (b. 1879) on Dec. 26; dies leaving U.S. theater, movie, and TV a Jewish family thang? Am. Technicolor inventor Herbert Thomas Kalmus (b. 1881) on July 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. Hungarian-Am. aeronautical engineer Theodore von Karman (b. 1881) on May 6 in Aachen, Germany. German sociologist-economist Arthur Salz (b. 1881) on Aug. 10 in Worthington, Ohio. Am. critic Stark Young (b. 1881) on Jan. 6 in Austin, Tex. French artist (Cubism co-founder) Georges Braque (b. 1882) on Aug. 31. Italian soprano Amelita Galli-Curci (b. 1882) on Nov. 26. Moroccan Berber leader Abd el-Krim (b. 1882) on Feb. 6 in Cairo, Egypt. Italian-Am. soprano Amelita Galli-Curci (b. 1882) on Nov. 26 in La Jolla, Calif. Austrian-born Am. physicist Julius Lilienfeld (b. 1882) on Aug. 28 in Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands. British field marshal Alan Brooke (b. 1883) on June 17 in Hartley Wintney, Hampshire. British explorer-politician lt. col. Charles Howard-Bury (b. 1883) on Sept. 20 in Mullingar, Ireland. British WWII Adm. Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st viscount of Hyndhope (b. 1883) on June 12 in London. Am. soldier-diplomat Gen. Patrick Jay Hurley (b. 1883) on July 30. Am. gossip columnist Elsa Maxwell (b. 1883) on Nov. 1 in New York City. Am. physician-poet William Carlos Williams (b. 1883) on May 4 in Rutherford, N.J. (cerebral thrombosis): "It is difficult to get the news from poems, yet men die miserably every day for lack of what is found there"; "History must stay open, it is all humanity"; "So much depends upon a red wheelbarrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens." Israeli pres. #2 (1953-63) Yitzhak Ben-Zvi (b. 1884) on Apr. 23 in Jerusalem. English "The Lifeline" novelist Phyllis Bottome (b. 1884) on Aug. 22 in London. "Nothing ever really sets human nature free but self-control"; "There is nothing final about a mistake, except its being taken as final." Swiss-born Am. aeronautical engineer Jean Felix Piccard (b. 1884) on Jan. 28 (his 79th birthday). French Radical PM (1930, 1933-4, 1937-8) Camille Chautemps (b. 1885) on July 1 in Washington, D.C. German economist Alexander Rustow (b. 1885) on June 30 in Hidelberg. Am. writer Van Wyck Brooks (b. 1886) on May 22 in Bridgewater, Conn.: "Nothing is so soothing to our self-esteem as to find our bad traits in our forebears. It seems to absolve us." Luxembourg-born French PM (1947-8) Robert Schuman (b. 1886) on Sept. 4 near Metz (blood clot). Am. actor Monte Blue (b. 1887) on Feb. 18 in Milwaukee, Wisc. (heart attack). German Gen. Georg-Hans Reinhardt (b. 1887) on Nov. 22 in Tegernsee, Bavaria. Am. architect John Wellborn Root Jr. (b. 1887); designed the Palmolive Bldg. in Chicago, Hotel Statler in Washington, D.C., and Hotel Tamanaco in Caracas. German action potentials physiologist Herbert Spencer Gasser (b. 1888) on May 11 in New York City; 1944 Nobel Med. Prize. U.S. ambassador-adm. Alan G. Kirk (b. 1888) on Oct. 15 - Admiral Kirk? English-born South African tennis player Charles Lyndhurst Winslow (b. 1888) on Sept. 15 in Johannesburg. Am. historian Walter Prescott Webb (b. 1888) on Mar. 3 near Austin, Tex. (automobile accident). Am. "The Man Who Came to Dinner" actor Monty Woolley (b. 1888) on May 6 in Albany, N.Y. (kidney and heart failure); gay lover of Cole Porter. French writer-poet-dir. Jean Cocteau (b. 1889) on Oct. 11 in Milly-la-Foret (heart attack); dies hours after learning of the death of his friend Edith Piaf; "[A man] to shom every great line of poetry was a sunrise, evey sunset the foundation of the Heavenly City" (Edith Wharton): "History is a combination of reality and lies. The reality of history becomes a lie. The unreality of the fable becomes the truth." Kiwi Lt. Gen. (WWII CIC of New Zealand forces) Bernard C. Freyberg (b. 1889) on July 4 in Windsor, England. Am. Mormon leader Henry D. Moyle (b. 1889) on Sept. 18 in Deer Park, Fla. (heart disease). U.S. asst. atty.-gen. (1921-9) Mabel Walker Willebrandt (b. 1889) on Apr. 6 in Riverside, Calif. Am. actor Adolphe Menjou (b. 1890) on Oct. 29 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (hepatitis). Canadian hockey star Bernie Morris (b. 1890) on May 16 in Bremerton, Wash. Dutch architect Jacobus Oud (b. 1890) on Apr. 5 in Wassenaar. Am. Birdman of Alcatraz Robert Stroud (b. 1890) on Nov. 21 in Springfield, Mo.; dies behind bars after 54 years in priz, incl. 42 in segregation - what did he know about canaries that threatened the establishment? New Zealand-born British caricaturist David Low (b. 1891) on Sept. 19 in London. Am. film studio exec Eddie Mannix (b. 1891) on Aug. 30 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack). Spanish writer Ramon Gomez de la Serna (b. 1891) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Am. comedian Ole Olsen (b. 1892) on Jan. 26 in Albuquerque, N.M.: "May you live as long as you want to, and laugh as long as you live." Am. actor Jason Robards Sr. (b. 1892) on Apr. 4 in Sherman Oaks, Calif. (heart attack). Pakistani PM #5 (1956-7) Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (b. 1896) on Dec. 5 in Beirut, Lebanon (cardiac arrest). Am. ambassador James David Zellerbach (b. 1892). Lithuanian-born Am. rabbi Abba Hillel Silver (b. 1893). English "Brave New World" author Aldous Huxley (b. 1894) on Nov. 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer): dies after getting his wife Laura to inject him with 100 micrograms of LSD, experiencing "the most serene, the most beautiful death"; "God give me strength to face a fact though it slay me"; "That men do not learn very much from the lessons of history is the most important of all the lessons of history"; "Most human beings have an almost infinite capacity for taking things for granted." Am. actress ZaSu Pitts (b. 1894) on June 7 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. actor Richard Barthelmess (b. 1895) on Aug. 17 in Southampton, N.Y. (throat cancer). German composer Paul Hindemith (b. 1895) on Dec. 28. German Gen. Kurt Zeitzler (b. 1895) on Sept. 25 in Hohenaschau, West Germany. Am. baseball hall-of-fame player Rogers Hornsby (b. 1896) on Jan. 5 in Chicago, Ill.; lifetime .359 batting avg. (2,192 games), incl. three seasons with an avg. over .400. Am. Okla. gov. #12 (1943-7) Robert Samuel Kerr (b. 1896) on Jan. 1 in Washington, D.C. Hungarian photographer Martin Munkacsi (b. 1896) on July 13 in New York City; dies in poverty. Romanian writer (Dada movement co-founder) Tristan Tzara (b. 1896) on Dec. 25 in Paris. Irish "The Chronicles of Narnia" novelist C.S. Lewis (b. 1898) on Nov. 22 in Oxford, England (renal failure); honored with a memorial in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey on Nov. 22, 2013: "Friendship is unnecessary, like philosophy, like art... It has no survival value; rather it is one of those things that give value to survival"; "Courage is not simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point"; "Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man a more clever devil"; "Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It would be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber baron's cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own conscience." Am. ambassador Selden Chapin (b. 1899) on Mar. 26. German actor-producer Gustaf Grundgens (b. 1899) on Oct. 7 in Manilla, Philippines (internal hemorrhage). French composer Francis Poulenc (b. 1899) on Jan. 30 in Paris (heart failure). Am. "Laughing Boy" novelist-anthropologist Oliver La Farge (d. 1900) on Aug. 2 in Santa Fe, N.M. Norwegian-born Canadian-Am. "Wild Geese" novelist Martha Ostenso (b. 1900) on Nov. 24 in Seattle, Wash. Am. actress ZaSu Pitts (b. 1900) on June 7 in Hollywood, Calif. South Vietnamese pres. (1955-63) Ngo Dinh Diem (b. 1901) on Nov. 2 in Saigon (assassinated). Am. "The Waking" poet Theodore Roethke (b. 1901) on Aug. 1 in Bainbridge Island, Wash. (heart attack in a swimming pool): "Great nature has another thing to do to you and me... What falls away is always. And is near"; "I learn by going where I have to go"; "The word outleaps the world and light is all"; "How body from spirit slowly does unwind/ Until we are pure spirit at the end." Am. historian William Best Hesseltine (b. 1902): "Writing intellectual history is like trying to nail jelly to the wall." Togolese pres. #1 (1906-3) Sylvanus Olympio (b. 1902) on Jan. 13 in Lome (assassinated). Am. Dem. politician Estes Kefauver (b. 1903) on Aug. 10 in Bethesda, Md. Japanese "Tokyo Story" film dir. Yasujiro Ozu (b. 1903) on Dec. 12 in Tokyo. Italian "Laughter in Paradise", "Too Many Crooks" dir.-producer Mario Zampi (b. 1903) on Dec. 2 in London, England. Australian-born Am. film dir. John Farrow (b. 1904) on Jan. 28 in Beverly Hills, Calif.; father of Mia Farrow. Am. actor Dick Powell (b. 1904) on Jan. 2 in West Los Angeles, Calif. (lymphoma). Am. historian Perry Miller (b. 1905) on Dec. 9 in Cambridge, Mass. British Labour Party leader (1955-63) Hugh Gaitskell (b. 1906) on Jan. 18 in London (lupus). Am. "Waiting for Lefty" playwright Clifford Odets (b. 1906) on Aug. 18 (stomach cancer). Am. publisher Alicia Patterson (b. 1906) on July 2 (ulcer surgery). Irish poet-playwright Frederick Louis MacNeice (b. 1907) on Sept. 3 in Hertfordshire (pneumonia). Italian-born "Count of Monte Cristo" actor George Dolenz (b. 1908) on Feb. 8 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack); father of Mickey Dolenz (1945-). Am. novelist Joseph Stanley Pennell (b. 1908). Am. "My heart keeps an open house" poet Theodore Roethke (b. 1908). Am. country singer Texas Ruby (b. 1908) on Mar. 29 in Nashville, Tenn. (house fire) - making Nov. 1963 the Month That Country Music Died? Am. golfer Horton Smith (b. 1908) on Oct. 15 in Detroit, Mich. Russian-born Am. Marxist economist Paul Alexander Baran (b. 1909) on Mar. 26 in Palo Alto, Calif. (heart attack). Zanzibar sultan #10 (1960-3) Abdullah bin Khalifa (b. 1920) on July 1. South Vietnamese politician (brother of Ngo Dinh Diem) Ngo Dinh Nhu (b. 1910) on Nov. 2 in Saigon (assassinated). Am. auto racer Lee Wallard (b. 1910) on Nov. 29 in St. Petersburg, Fla. German Auschwitz commandant (1944-5) Richard Bauer (b. 1911) on June 17 (heart attack); dies after being arrested but before he can be tried. Am. country singer Cowboy Copas (b. 1913) on Mar. 5 in Camden, Tenn. (airplane crash). Am. "Ghost Riders in the Sky" songwriter Stan Jones (b. 1914) on Dec. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Am. wrestler Gorgeous George Wagner (b. 1915) on Dec. 26 (heart attack); inspiration for Muhammad Ali. Am. Washington Post pub. Philip Graham (b. 1915) on Aug. 3 in Va. (suicide). French "La Vie en Rose" #1 singer ("the Little Sparrow") Edith Piaf (b. 1915) on Oct. 10 in Plascassier, French Riviera (liver cancer); buried in Pere Lachaise Cemetery, Paris. Am. country singer Jack Anglin (b. 1916) on Mar. 8 in Madison, Tenn.; dies in an auto crash while driving to attend a memorial service for Patsy Cline. U.S. Dem. pres. #35 (1961-3) John F. Kennedy (b. 1917) on Nov. 22 in Dallas, Tex. (assassinated); 4th U.S. pres. to be assassinated, and 8th to die in office; an eternal flame is put on his grave at the request of his wife Jackie to mimic the one on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Paris, and she and JFK's brother Bobby light it using a torch: "A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on"; "And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country"; "Never have the nations of the world had so much to lose or so much to gain. Together we shall save our planet, or together we shall perish in its flames. Save it we can - and save it we must - and then shall we earn the eternal thanks of mankind and, as peacemakers, the eternal blessing of God"; "Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names"; "The great enemy of truth is very often not the lie - deliberate, contrived and dishonest – but the myth - persistent, persuasive and unrealistic. Too often we hold fast to the cliches of our forebears. We subject all facts to a prefabricated set of interpretations. We enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought." English dramatist-critic John Whiting (b. 1917) on June 16 in London (cancer). Am. computer inventor Clifford Edward Berry (b. 1918) on Oct. 30 in New York City. Am. "No Time for Sergeants" novelist Mac Hyman (b. 1923) on July 17 in Cordele, Ga. Indian-born Am. actor Sabu (b. 1924) on Dec. 2 in Chatsworth, Calif. (heart attack). Am. blues singer ("Queen of the Blues") Dinah Washington (b. 1924) on Dec. 14 in Detroit, Mich. (OD of sleeping pills); dies 6 mo. after marrying 7th hubby Richard "Dick" "Night Train" Lane (1928-2002). Argentine boxer Jose Maria Gatica (b. 1925) on Nov. 25 in Avallaneda (run over by a bus); dies broke and hated for his support of Juan Peron. French attempted de Gaulle assassin Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry (b. 1927) on Mar. 11 in Ivry-sur-Seine (executed); last person executed by firing squad in France (until ?). Am. poet Sylvia Plath (b. 1932) (early a.m.) on Feb. 11 in London, England (suicide by putting her head in a gas oven at her flat at 23 Fitzroy Rd., Primrose Hill after hubby Ted Hughes leaves her in Sept. for leaves her in Sept. for German-born Assia Esther Wevill (nee Gutmann) (1927-69) (who later commits suicide the same way), causing a burst of creativity; she has been taking anti-depressants for a few days, but not long enough to take full effect; her gravestone is inscribed "Even amidst fierce flames the golden lotus can be planted"; in 2006 her unpub. poem Ennui is discovered; she receives a posth. 1982 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for "The Collected Poems" (1981). Am. country singer Patsy Cline (b. 1932) on Mar. 5 near Camden, Tenn. (plane crash) - the good die young? Am. "Cha Cha O'Brien" singer Margarita Sierra (b. 1936) on Sept. 6 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart surgery). Am. football player Ernie Davis (b. 1939) on May 18 in Cleveland, Ohio (leukemia). Am. mystery man Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1939) on Nov. 24 in Dallas, Tex. (assassinated); on Oct. 4, 1981 his body is exhumed to prove or disprove a theory of British writer Michael Eddowes (1903-82) in his 1975 book Khrushchev Killed Kennedy (financed by H.L. Hunt), that the Soviets substituted a KGB double named Alek for him while in the Soviet Union, and that LBJ knew it and covered it up to prevent a war; too bad, his identity is confirmed.
1964 Doomsday Clock: 12 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Dragon (Feb. 13) (luckiest). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-73) (2nd time 1967). The U.S. produces 7,745,492 passenger cars this year, just short of the 1955 record figure of 7,942,132; total motor vehicle registrations: 86.193M; Americans drive a total of 838B mi. and use 67B gal. of gasoline. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that Calif. has become the most populous U.S. state. There are 500M radios and 162M TV sets in the U.S. The U.S. Baby Boom (begun 1946) ends; ever egocentric and affluent, baby boomers generally delay childbearing while beginning to rule the airwaves with their combined purchasing power; a gen. decline in SAT scores begins this year, with 53,794 h.s. students scoring above 650 on the verbal part of the test in 1972 vs. 29,019 in 1980, and 93,868 scoring above 650 on the mathematical part in 1972 vs. 73,386 in 1980. China has its best grain harvest since 1957, with 1.282B bushels; India has its best grain harvest also, bringing in 89M tons of rice and 11M tons of wheat; the work of Iowa-born Norman Ernest Borlaug (1914-2009) in developing new strains of wheat with dwarfing genes and fertilizer causes India's wheat harvest to increase from 10M metric tons this year to 12.3M in 1965, 17M in 1968, and 24.1M in 1975; Internat. Rice Research Inst. in the Philippines launches the Green Rev., which soon scores a big success in Mexico, followed by a larger test in Asia next year; by 1972 tens of millions of acres are under cultivation. The British Music Invasion of the U.S. begins (ends 1966), with the Beatles, Rolling Stones, Kinks, Who, Yardbirds, Zombies, Cream, David Bowie et al. On Jan. 1 the U.N. is up to 113 members - space is limited to the first 200 nations, so call now? On Jan. 1 Illinois defeats Washington by 17-7 in the 1964 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 (Wed.) Top of the Pops debuts on BBC-TV, broadcast from an unused church in Manchester, revolutionizing Britain and becoming the longest-running music show on Earth (until ?). On Jan. 3 Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68) is named the 1963 Time mag. Man of the Year. On Jan. 3 right-wing "half-Jewish" U.S. Sen. (R-Ariz.) (1953-65, 1969-87) Barry Morris Goldwater (1909-98) announces his candidacy for U.S. pres. - I'll be nuking you in a minute? On Jan. 3 the Beatles make their North Am. TV debut on the Jack Paar Show. On Jan. 5 Pope (1963-78) Paul VI (1897-1978) visits Jerusalem, conferring with Ecumenical Patriarch (1948-72) Athenagoras I (1886-1972) in the first meeting between the Latin and Greek Catholic Church heads since the 15th cent; in his honor the winding road leading up to Mount Zion (the closest Jews are allowed to get to their ancient temple by the Jordanians) is paved and named Pope's Way. On Jan. 5 French defense minister (1960-9) Pierre Joseph Auguste Messmer (1916-2007) meets in Phnom Penh with king (1941-55) Norodom Sihanouk, and offers French tanks, trucks, and combat aircraft to defend Cambodian neutrality. On Jan. 6 the Pakistani govt. outlaws the Islamic anti-Western Jamaat-e-Islami Party (founded 1941), and jails 60 leaders, but the supreme court lifts the ban on Sept. 25. On Jan. 6 the Rolling Stones begin their first tour as a headline act, along with the Ronettes. On Jan. 7 Leyland Motor Co. of Britian announces the sale of 450 buses to Cuba, thumbing their nose at the U.S. blockade. On Jan. 8 (Wed.) (6:00 p.m. CST) LBJ's First State of the Union Address in Congress in Washington, D.C. (first to be shown on prime time TV), contains the soundbyte "This administration today, here and now, declares unconditional war on poverty in America", launching his War on Poverty; on Mar. 16 LBJ submits his $1B War on Poverty Program to Congress (ends 1968), designed by Keynesian economist Walter Wolfgang Heller (1915-87) (not to be confused with "Catch-22" author Joseph Heller), who suggested it to him the day after JFK's assassination; he signs it on Aug. 20, but when LBJ escalates the Vietnam War without raising taxes, threatening an inflationary spiral, Heller resigns; poverty in the U.S. was plummeting until LBJ declared war on it, dropping further from 22% to 12.6% by 1970, then increasing as people on welfare lose the incentive to work?; "Wars on nations change maps; war on poverty maps change" (Muhammad Ali) - war on spare change maps national poverty? On Jan. 9 (Martyr's Day) an attempt by U.S. students to raise the U.S. flag at the Canal Zone High School (defying a Dec. 30, 1963 order banning all flags) causes anti-U.S. rioting to break out in the Panama Canal Zone, killing 21 Panamanians and four U.S. soldiers; on Jan. 10 Panama breaks ties with the U.S. and demands a revision of the canal treaty, causing the two countries to agree to let the Inter-Am. Peace Committee settle the dispute; on Jan. 23 LBJ declares that the U.S. will engage in a "full and frank" review; on Mar. 21 he issues a public statement to the OAS expressing willingness to "review every issue"; on Apr. 3 diplomatic relations are resumed; on May 10 tough-on-U.S. candidate Marco Aurelio Robles Mendez (1905-90) is elected pres. (until 1968), and is sworn-in on Oct. 1; on Dec. 18 the U.S. breaks down and offers to negotiate a new canal treaty. On Jan. 10 Pres. Johnson holds a meeting with U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara, after which he approves covert operations against North Vietnam. On Jan. 10 after Hindu refugees flee violence in East Pakistan, Muslims and Hindus riot in Calcutta, India, killing 100+ and resulting in 7K arrests and 438 injured. After years of not being able to give it away, the Beatles become the hottest musical property in the U.S.? On Jan. 10 Vee-Jay Records of Chicago releases Introducing... the Beatles, beating Capitol Records, which releases Meet the Beatles! on Jan. 20, after which the cos. go to court, and Vee-Jay is allowed to continue distributing its album after replacing "Love Me Do" and "P.S. I Love You" with "Ask Me Why" and "Please Please Me" on Feb. 10, rising to #2 on the Billboard album charts after "Meet the Beatles!"; on Oct. 15 their license expires after selling 1.3M mono and 41K stereo copies; "I Saw Her Standing There" ends up on both rival albums. On Jan. 11 U.S. surgeon gen. #9 (1961-5) Luther Leonidas Terry (1911-85) issues the Surgeon General's First Report on Smoking and Health, warning that "cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action", linking it with lung cancer and heart disease, causing the percentage of Americans who believe that smoking causes cancer to go from 44% in 1958 to 78% in 1968; too bad, tobacco cos. officially deny the charges and blockade any type of concrete remedies; meanwhile 490M cigarettes are smoked by Americans this year (4,135 for every adult). On Jan. 11 the Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity is formed in sunny Italy by the left-wing Socialist Party of Pietro Ninny, er, Nenni (until 1972); meanwhile Aldo Moro (1916-78) of the Christian Dem. Party becomes PM of Italy (until 1968), going on to head three center-left cabinets, which are all paralyzed by conservative vs. Socialist fighting. On Jan. 11 some of Pablo Picasso works that have never been seen before go on exhibit in Toronto, Ont., Canada. On Jan. 12 (night) the Zanzibar 9-Hour Rev. in newly independent (since Dec. 19) Zanzibar sees 300 African Socialist rebels (mainly porters and stevedores in Zanzibar Harbor), led by Uganda-born Christian religious fanatic John Gideon Okello (1937-71) stage a bloody revolt against the predominately Arab govt. of sultan (since last July 1) Jamshid bin Abdullah, taking the capital Stone Town, causing him to flee to Britain, ending the sultancy (founded 1806); Okello tells his men to kill all Arabs between 18-25 years of age, but to spare pregnant and elderly women, and not to rape virgins, then on Jan. 18-20 they massacre 5K-20K Arabs; meanwhile a U.S. destroyer evacuates 61 U.S. citizens; although the U.S. and Britain recognize the new govt. on Feb. 23, a 3-mo. power struggle ousts new "field marshal" Okello and his leftists from the country by Mar. 11, and in Apr. Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume (1905-72) becomes pres. #1 of Zanzibar (until Apr. 7, 1972); in Apr. pres. Julius Nyerere of Tanganyika suggests that the two countries merge to stop a Communist takeover by Abdulrahman Mohammad Babu (1924-96) of Zanzibar (who soon flees to London), after which on Apr. 22 the new mainland-island repub. of Tanzania is born from the islands of Zanzibar, Unguja, and Pemba plus Tanganyika; Karume goes on to massacre Arabs in Zanzibar, killing or exiling 25K of 50K by mid-1965, and redistributing their clove plantations and businesses to blacks; the sultan is finally pardoned on Jan. 12, 2000 - do you know me, not as well as you like? On Jan. 13 14-y.-o. Pamela Mason is murdered in Manchester, N.H. after responding to a call for a babysitter; Edward H. Coolidge Jr. is later convicted of the crime, but his conviction is set aside in 1971 by the U.S. Supreme Court in Coolidge v. New Hampshire on Fourth Amendment grounds after the warrant for searching his car is found unconstitutional because it was decided on by a law enforcement agent not a judge. On Jan. 14 the Hanna-Barbera Productions' animated series The Magilla Gorilla Show debuts for 31 episodes (until 1964), about bow tie and suspenders-wearing Magilla Gorilla, who lives in Melvin Peebles' pet shop where nobody wants to buy him while he consumes his bananas; features Punkin' Puss, Mushmouse, Ricochet Rabbit, and Droop-a-Long, along with the Peter Potamus Show; after customers purchase him at discount prices then soon return him, each episode ends with "We'll try again next week". On Jan. 16 John Glenn resigns from the U.S. space program, and on Jan. 17 announces his candidacy for U.S. Dem. Sen. from Ohio, but on Mar. 30 withdraws after hitting his head on a bathtub on Feb. 26; he finally makes it in 1974 (until 1999). On Jan. 17 the PLO Covenant is created in Egypt, declaring "the [1917] Balfour Declaration, the Mandate system and all that has been based upon them ... a fraud", and proclaiming Zionism "an illegal movement", with 29 articles calling for reclamation of Palestine as part of a collective Pan-Arab homeland. On Jan. 18 plans are disclosed for building the World Trade Center in New York City, commissioned in 1962 to Minoru Yamasaki. On Jan. 18 the Beatles debut on the U.S. Billboard Top 40 chart at #35 with "I Want to Hold Your Hand", rocketing to #1 on Jan. 25; on Mar. 21 "She Loves You" becomes #1 for 2 weeks; on Apr. 4 they hold the top 5 positions ("Can't Buy Me Love", "Twist and Shout", "She Loves You", "Please Please Me"); Dolly Parton later utters the soundbyte: "Like all young teenage girls back then, I fell in love with the Beatles. Back there in the Smoky Mountains, it was like something had been dropped from outer space." On Jan. 20 Pakistan calls for an immediate meeting of the U.S. Security Council to consider the situation in Kashmir; on Jan. 24 India blames Pakistan for stirring up trouble, and asks for direct negotiations; on Feb. 17 the Security Council suspends debate on Kashmir at the request of Pakistani foreign minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. On Jan. 21 JFK's deputy asst. secy. of state and U.N. delegate Carl Thomas Rowan (1925-2000) is appointed dir. of the U.S. Info. Agency (USIA) by LBJ, becoming the first African-Am. dir.; he resigns next year after he and Johnson are accused of adding a pro-admin. bias to Voice of Am. broadcasts. On Jan. 22 the U.S. and Canada sign an agreement for a multimillion dollar power and flood control development of the Columbia River Basin, and on Sept. 18 the Columbia River Treaty is signed by British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S., providing for development and distribution of hydroelectric power. On Jan. 22 Kenneth David Kaunda (1924-) (known as KK) of the United Nat. Independence Party (UNIP) becomes the first pres. of copper-producing Northern Rhodesia (until 1991), which on Oct. 24 becomes the independent nation of Zambia, part of the British Commonwealth of Nations; the country has less than 100 univ. graduates. On Jan. 22 Wisc. manufactures a world record cheese (15,723 kg). On Jan. 23 (2 years after its passage by the U.S. Senate and 13 years after its proposal) poll taxes for U.S. federal elections are finally ended by the 24th (XXIV) Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, authored by U.S. Sen. (D-Fla.) (1946-71) Spessard Lindsey Holland (1892-1971); blacks now don't have to pay whites to vote, if they can still make it in one piece to the polling place? - oh oh, I think I slipped in the bathtub? On Jan. 24 Warren Commission gen. counsel (U.S. solicitor gen. in 1956-61) James Lee Rankin (1907-96) admits in a secret meeting that Lee Harvey Oswald had been on the payroll of the FBI until the time of the JFK assassination, receiving $200 per mo.; it takes 10 years and a lengthy court battle by JFK researcher Harold Weisberg to make it public. On Jan. 26 84 blacks carrying a sign reading "We Want a Public Accomodations Law" are arrested in an anti-restaurant segregation protest in Atlanta, Ga., after which on Jan. 28 the white-owned restaurants shut down to protest the protesters, claiming it's a Commie plot to destroy their rights as businessmen. On Jan. 27 France agrees to establish diplomatic relations with the Communist People's Repub. of China (PRC), and on Jan. 28 denies that this implies a disruption of relations with Taiwan (Repub. of China); on Feb. 4 France also denies that it implies recognition of East Germany; on Feb. 11 Taiwan drops diplomatic relations with France. On Jan. 27 moderate Rockefeller Repub. U.S. Sen. Margaret Chase Smith (1897-1995) of Maine announces her candidacy for the Repub. pres. nomination. On Jan. 28 the Soviets down a USAF training jet near Erfurt in East Germany, killing all three crew; on Mar. 10 they shoot down an unarmed recon bomber that strays into East Germany after the three crewmembers parachute out. On Jan. 28 France and the Soviet Union agree to negotiate a 5-year trade agreement to increase trade, pissing-off the Communist Chinese. On Jan. 29 the Soviet Union launches the Elektron pair of satellites into orbit from the same rocket, following it with another pair to map the Earth's radiation belts; meanwhile they launch two Polyot satellites, becoming the first that can change their orbits. On Jan. 29 the U.S. launches Ranger 6 from Cape Canaveral, and it crashes into the Moon on Feb. 2 as planned; too bad, all six TV cameras fail. On Jan. 29-Feb. 9 the IX Winter Olympic Games are held in Innsbruck, Austria in the Tyrol; 1,091 athletes from 36 nations compete in 34 events in 6 sports; luge makes its Olympic debut; the Austrian army brings in 20K ice bricks from a mountain top to make up for a lack of snow; East and West Germany enter a combined team; the Soviet Union wins with 11 medals; Lidia Pavlovna Skoblikova (1939-) of the Soviet Union achieves a clean sweep of the women's speed skating events; Peggy Fleming of the U.S. comes in 6th in women's figure skating. On Jan. 30 a bloodless coup ousts Duong Van Minh, who is replaced as PM of South Vietnam by Gen. Nguyen Khanh (1927-), with Minh allowed to remain as a figurehead chief of state; on July 19 Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam, after which on Sept. 13 an attempted coup is crushed by air marshal Nguyen Cao Ky, and on Sept. 26 Khanh is demoted to army CIC in favor of Saigon mayor Tran Van Huong (1902-82), who becomes PM of South Vietnam (until Jan. 27, 1965). In Jan. the former British protectorate of Nyasaland (known for matrilineal descent) is dissolved from the Federation of Rhodesia, and on July 6 it becomes independent as Malawi; too bad, lawyers dVera Chirwa (1938-) and her hubby Orton Chirwa (-1992), who help Malawi gain independence are soon forced into exile by Dr. Hastings Walter Kamuzu Banda (1896-1997) (known for wearing English-style 3-piece suits with matching handkerchiefs and fly whisk), who stages a coup and establishes a dictatorship (until May 24, 1994), imprisoning opponents and ruling with an iron hand, stinking himself up by establishing full diplomatic relations with South Africa. In Jan. the Radfan Campaign in the mountainous Rafdan region near the Aden-Yemen border sees local tribesmen begin raiding the road connecting Aden with the town of Dhala in SW Yemen, causing three local army battalions supported by the RAF to try to restore order. In Jan. the new Chinese Jehovah Mao pub. his atheist Bible, the "Little Red Book" Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, which immediately becomes required reading for good (live) Chinese Communists and Western leftists, and is full of soundbytes, e.g., "Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun", and "Communism is not love, it is a tool with which we crush the enemy", and promotes the term "political correctness" (PC) to describe the "correct" party line, which ends up getting eagerly adopted by the Western left. In Jan. a huge storm hits Calif., followed by heavy flooding in the Ohio River Valley in Mar.; ditto happens in 1997. Nobody in intel can be trusted on any side? In Jan. KGB agent Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko (1927-) defects to the U.S., claiming that he had been the agent who personally handled the case of Lee Harvey Oswald, and that he was rejected as not intelligent enough to be a KGB agent, also that they never sought to question him about his knowledge of Atsugi Air Base in Japan, all of which the Warren Commission eagerly accepts, although others believe he is a Soviet disinfo agent; meanwhile in Nov. the CIA forms the HONETOL Committee (until Apr. 1965) to ferret out a mole claimed by more trustworthy Soviet defector (in Dec. 1961) Anatoly M. Golitsin; the investigation is run by CIA counter-intel chief James Jesus Angleton (1917-87), who is later accused of covering up the CIA's involvement in JFK's assassination, of being a Soviet mole, and of having ties with the Mafia, while he has his own fun in 1973 telling CIA dir. Richard Helms that British PM Harold Wilson, Swedish PM Olof Palma, West German chancellor Willy Brandt, Canadian PM Lester Pearson, U.S. ambassador W. Averell Harriman, and Henry Kissinger are all actually Soviet agents; Angleton fixes on veteran CIA agent Richard Kovich (1926-2006), who start a war, ending up with Angleton being fired for domestic spying by CIA dir. William Colby in Dec. 1973, and Kovich getting the Senate to vindicate him in 1978 and award him damages; in 2008 U.S. Army intel expert John M. Newman claims that Angleton was the "general manager" of Oswald's CIA handler or handlers, who manipulated the reports of Oswald's trips to the Soviet Union and Cuba to create a "WWIII virus" that scares LBJ and the Warren Commission into clinging with the lone assassin theory for fear of a nuclear war. On Feb. 1 Pres. Johnson rejects Charles de Gaulle's plan for a neutral Vietnam - it's black and white, like dominoes? On Feb. 1-7 a U.S. record 202.3 in. of snow falls in one week in Thompson Pass, Alaska N of Valdez, followed by a total of 29 ft. by the end of the mo. On Feb. 2 the first of the Thames (Hammersmith) Nude Murders in London is discovered, followed by a 2nd victim on Apr. 8 and a 3rd on Apr. 24, and three more by next Feb. 16; the murderer pays prostitutes for beejays, then kills them by forcing their head down on his er, head, strangling them; the choker is never caught; rumors point a huge finger at world light heavyweight champion boxer (1948-50) Frederick Percival "Freddie" Mills (1919-65), who is found shot in the you-guessed-it head on July 25, 1965. On Feb. 2 Mattel introduces the $4 G.I. Joe, a 11.5-in. soldier doll (Rocky the Action Soldier/Marine, Skip the Action Sailor, Ace the Action Pilot) with 21 movable parts; to target boys, who won't play with dolls, the term "action figure" is invented, and it is called a "movable fighting man" instead of doll; to stop copycats, there is a scar on the right cheek, a trademark on the right buttock, and the right thumbnail is on the underside of the thumb; the original toys are sold until 1978; by 1982 it shrinks to 3.75 in.; on Dec. 3, 1999 a 1963 prototype is purchased by Matt Babek of the U.S. for $14K at an eBay online auction; in 2003 another prototype is auctioned by Heritage for $200,001.00. On Feb. 3 500K blacks and yellows protest de facto racial segregation in public schools in New York City, causing Martin Luther King Jr. to congratulate them for bringing it to nat. attention. On Feb. 4 the South Vietnamese attack a Cambodian village, pissing-off Norodom Sihanouk, who charges the U.S. with "great responsibility", and asks the U.S. to finance truce observation posts along the border; on Feb. 11 he proposes an internat. conference to guarantee Cambodia's neutrality, and on Feb. 19 suggests that Thailand, South Vietnam, and the U.S. sign an agreement on it. On Feb. 6 Cuba cuts off the water supply to Guantanamo Naval Base in retaliation for the U.S. seizure of four Cuban fishing boats off the Fla. coast on Feb. 2; the U.S. responds by water rationing followed by the building of its own desalination plants. On Feb. 6 Paris and London agree to build a rail tunnel (Chunnel) under the English Channel. On Feb. 6 the Wall Street Journal reports that a group at Wayne State U. has launched a movement to "stamp out the Beatles"; the group is actually from the U. of Detroit. On Feb. 7 KKK man Byron de La Beckwith gets off for the murder of Medgar Evers when the white jury in Jackson, Miss. becomes hung - they aren't the rest of the time? On Feb. 7 (Fri.) after Capitol Records exec Alan Wendell Livingston (1917-) (the same guy who created Bozo the Clown) signs them, the British Rock and Roll Invasion of the U.S. along with Beatlemania are kicked into high gear by The Beatles as they land at John F. Kennedy Airport on Pan Am Flight 101 (Boeing 707, #N704PA), and then on Feb. 9 (Sun.) (8:00 p.m.) ("the Night That Changed America") mesmerize 73.7M viewers in 23M homes on The Ed Sullivan Show on CBS-TV, performing "All My Loving", "Till There Was You" (from the musical "The Music Man"), "She Loves You", "I Saw Her Standing There", and "I Want to Hold Your Hand"; at 4:30 p.m. they tape "Twist and Shout", "Please Please Me", and "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (aired Feb. 23); other performers incl. the Oliver Kids (from the musical "Oliver!") (w/Davy Jones, later of the Monkees) (singing "I'll Do Anything"), Frank Gorshin (later the Riddler in Batman), Myron Cohen, Mitzi Gaynor, and Gordon and Sheila McRae; the Beatles are paid $3K for the 4:30 p.m. taping and $3.5K for the 8:00 live perf. in Studio 50 (728 seats, up to $50K per ticket); stage producer Vince Calandra (1935-) is asked to sub in rehearsals for George Harrison, who is in the Plaza Hotel with strep throat, where Harrison's sister Louise can't get past security into his hotel to help him; Beatles wigs are banned in the lobby, and the large mob scene causes the Beatles to almost be booted out; no major crime is reported in New York City between 8:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m., causing John Lennon to utter the soundbyte "Even the criminals stayed home", and Washington Post ed. B.F. Henry to utter the sarcastic soundbyte "During the hour they were on Ed Sullivan's show, there wasn't a hubcap stolen in America"; the Beatles begin filming "A Hard Day's Night" in Mar.; the U.S. TV networks present four young virtually dickless white men who look and sing like dykes (a cross between Alvin and the Chipmunks and Pee-Wee Herman?) and croon electronically-enhanced female masturbatory love songs in 4-part harmony as the new messiahs for the U.S. Baby Boomer "still living with parents" market, taking their minds off the JFK tragedy and giving Britain its payoff for their part in the conspiracy, naw?; Walter Cronkite, whose Dec. 10, 1963 interview launched their success in the U.S. greets them backstage and has his gaga-eyed daughters pose with them; more Beatles appearances on Ed Sullivan follow on Feb. 16 from the Deauville Hotel in Miami, Fla., Feb. 23, and May 24 (interview about their new movie "A Hard Day's Night); on Feb. 7 Baskin-Robbins introduces Beatle Nut ice cream. On Feb. 9 the U.S. embassy in Moscow is stoned by Chinese and Vietnamese students. On Feb. 9 Maria Callas sings in a live production of Puccini's Tosca produced at Covent Garden, England by Franco Zeffirelli. On Feb. 10 the People's Repub. of China (PRC) breaks off diplomatic relations with France for playing footsie with the Soviet Union. On Feb. 11 Orthodox Catholic Greeks and Muslim Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus, killing 21. On Feb. 11 the Beatles make their first live appearance in North Am. in the Washington, D.C. Coliseum; tickets run $2-$4; the concert is shown on closed-circuit TV on Mar. 14-15; on Feb. 12 the Beatles play two shows at Carnegie Hall in New York City. On Feb. 15 the Meet the Beatles! On Feb. 12 Brooklyn, N.Y.-born Swedish descent Texas Instruments co-founder John Erik Jonsson (1901-95) becomes Dem. mayor of Dallas, Tex. #49 (until 1971), going on to push through a $175M bond for his Goals for Dallas Initiative, which finances the new Dallas City Hall, the Dallas Convention Center, the New Museum of Fine Arts, the Dallas Central Library, and the U. of Tex. at Dallas, along with public school kindergartens and family planning, and lead the development of the Dallas/Fort Worth Internat. Airport. album (released Jan. 20) goes #1 in the U.S., and stays there for 11 weeks. On Feb. 16 nat. elections in Greece give a V to the Center Union Party, and on Feb. 19 George Papandreou (1888-1968) becomes PM (until 1965); two women win seats in parliament. On Feb. 17 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-3 in Wesberry v. Sanders that congressional districts within each state have to be roughly equal in pop. On Feb. 17 Gabon pres. (since 1961) Leon Mba is toppled in a coup by his Roman Catholic stepbrother foreign minister (since 1961) Jean-Hilaire Aubame (1912-89), who becomes pres. of Gabon for three days, after which he is toppled by Mba and sentenced to 10 years of hard labor and 10 years of exile incl. daily beatings. On Feb. 17 the trial of Jack Ruby opens in Dallas, Tex., and on Mar. 14 he is found guilty of murdering Lee Harvey Oswald with malice, and given the death sentence; despite the rather good evidence that it was murder without malice (max sentence 5 years), his atty. Melvin Belli (1907-96) ("the King of Torts") went for the insanity defense, and complains "This was a kangaroo court, a railroad court, and everyone knew it", and calls Ruby's conviction "a victory for bigotry" - the conspirators couldn't let Ruby leave prison alive? On Feb. 18 the U.S. cuts military aid to five nations in reprisal for having trade relations with pesky Cuba. On Feb. 18 after Sonny Liston says that he doesn't want to meet the "bums", the Beatles visit with Cassius Clay in Fla. while in training for his match with Liston; too bad, the cocky Beatles get out-cocked by cock of the walk Clay, after which John Lennon utters the soundbyte "That man made a fool of us." On Feb. 21 LBJ becomes the first U.S. pres. to speak at UCLA, being flown onto the athletic field by U.S. Marine helis along with Mexican pres. (1958-64) Adolfo Lopez Mateos, who utters the soundbyte "Knowledge and freedom cannot be kept apart." On Feb. 24, 1964 Newsweek pub. a Review of the Beatles, with the soundbyte: "Visually they are a nightmare, tight, dandified Edwardian-Beatnik suits and great pudding bowls of hair. Musically they are a near disaster, guitars and drums slamming out a merciless beat that does away with secondary rhythms, harmony and melody. Their lyrics (punctuated by nutty shouts of "yeah, yeah, yeah") are a catastrophe, a preposterous farrago of Valentine-card romantic sentiments... The big question in the music business at the moment is, will the Beatles last? The odds are that, in the words of another era, they're too hot not to cool down, and a cooled-down Beatle is hard to picture. It is also hard to imagine any other field in which they could apply their talents, and so the odds are that they will fade away, as most adults confidently predict. But the odds in show business have a way of being broken, and the Beatles have more showmanship than any group in years; they might just think up a new field for themselves. After all, they have done it already." On Feb. 26 Pres. Johnson signs a tax bill with $11.5B in cuts; it was initially proposed by Pres. Kennedy in Dec. 1962. On Feb. 26 the Stay Out for Freedom protest seeks 20K of the 100K students of the public school system in Boston, Mass. boycott classes to protest segregation, while 10K flock to 34 temporary Freedom Schools. On Feb. 27 the Pathet Lao captures strategic positions in the Plaine des Jarres in Laos, causing a conference between the three main factions, resulting on Mar. 16 in an agreement to halt "all military activities" there; on Apr. 19 two rightist generals try to take over the cabinet, causing protests by the Western powers, the Soviet Union and China, and PM Souvanna Phouma agrees to revamp the coalition govt., but the Pathet Lao drops out and resumes fighting by May 16, then on June 1 withdraws all officials from Vientiane, cutting its ties with Phouma's govt.; on June 12 U.S. recon flights find North Vietnamese troops in Laos, and the U.S. finally is resigned to Laos being a Commie haven containing the Ho Chi Minh Trail; the only cheery news for the U.S. is the training of Meo tribesmen to fight them; meanwhile the U.S. begins 580K bombing missions over Laos, dropping 2.3M tons of bombs by 1973, after which dud bombs kill 200 a year until ?. On Feb. 26 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Revenue Act of 1964, reducing individual and corporate tax rates, and creating a minimum std. deduction of $300 plus $100 per exemption; the cut is based on a 1961 report to JFK by Am. economist Paul Anthony Samuelson (1915-2009), which stated "A temporary reduction in tax rates on individual incomes can be a powerful weapon against recession." On Feb. 27 the govt. of Itally asks for help in saving the Leaning Tower of Pisa. On Feb. 29 Frank Rugani sets a record by driving a badminton bird 79 ft. 8.5 in. (24.3m) in Calif. On Mar. 1 free-spending pres. (since 1963) Daniel Fernandez Crespa (d. 1901) is succeeded by fellow Blanco Luis Giannattasio Finocchietti (1894-1965) as pres. of Uruguay (until Feb. 7, 1965); Crespa dies a few weeks after leaving office while attending the London funeral of Winston Churchill. On Mar. 2 LBJ holds a conversation with Robert S. McNamara, who tells him that the signs coming from Vietnam are "disturbing", to which LBJ responds that he wants a plan to "kill some of them". On Mar. 2 actor Marlin, er, Marlon Brando (1924-2004) is arrested along with Puyallup tribal leader Robert "Chief Bob" Satiacum (1929-91) at a Fish-In near Seattle, Wash. to protest encroachment by palefaces on Native Am. fishing rights, leading to a court battle and a V for the native tribes in federal court in 1974. On Mar. 4 Teamsters pres. Jimmy Hoffa is convicted by a federal jury of tampering with another federal jury in 1962; on July 26 he and six others are convicted of fraud and conspiracy in the handling of union pension funds; during the trial a man bursts into the courtroom and shoots Hoffa 3x with an air pistol; next Mar. 7 Hoffa begins a 7-year prison term in Penn. - what, did he run out of bribe money? On Mar. 6 Greek king (since 1947) Paul I (b. 1901) dies, and his son Crown Prince Constantine succeeds as king Constantine II (1940-) (until 1973); in Mar. the U.N. sends a 7K-man peacekeeping force to Cyprus, after which tensions increase during the spring and summer; on June 11 Greece rejects direct talks with Turkey. On Mar. 7 (4 a.m.) 1K demonstrators from the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) backed by student activists from Berkeley stage a sit-in at the Sheraton Palace Hotel in San Francisco, Calif. for their failure to hire blacks, resulting in 167 arrests, after which the demonstrations continue, resulting in 900 arrests incl. 200 students. On Mar. 9 a group of five Lakota Sioux Native Ams. occupy and "liberate" Alcatraz Island in a peaceful protest, declaring it a Native Am. cultural center and univ.; in July it is turned over to the U.S. Gen. Services Admin. (GSA). On Mar. 9 the first Ford Mustang rolls off the Ford assembly line; on Apr. 17 it is unveiled at the New York World's Fair; 680K are sold the first year with a base price of $2,368, becoming an all-time favorite of car buffs; Pontiac counters with the GTO (a V-8 engine crammed into a Pontiac Tempest, AKA the Goat, designed by John Z. DeLorean), launching the U.S Muscle Car Craze. On Mar. 9 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules unanimously in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan to reverse a $500K judgment in favor of Montgomery, Ala. city commissioner L.B. Sullivan, who sued the paper for claiming that Martin Luther King Jr.'s arrest for perjury was part of a campaign to destroy his integration and black voting efforts, and lucked out when the "truth defense" was ruined by factual errors in the article; instead, the court comes up with the new "actual malice" test, that the publisher must have had "actual malice", i.e., knowledge that the info. was false in advance of pub., or have pub. it with reckless disregard of its truth or falsity, with malicious intent being irrelevant, forcing the person alleging defamation to have to prove untruth to recover damages, rather than the defendant prove truth, and in addition have to prove the publisher's mental state prior to pub. - so always say "I'm really exposing this guy" rather than "I'm really smearing this guy" when on the phone? On Mar. 10 a Communist delegation leaves Beijing and Moscow to negotiate arms purchases with Cambodia; on Mar. 11 Cambodians attack the U.S. and British embassies in Phnom Penh, causing Norodom Sihanouk to express regret and withdraw his demand for a 4-power conference to guarantee his country's borders; on Mar. 24 Cambodia and South Vietnam formally end their border talks, and Sihanouk unwithdraws his demand, causing the Soviets to request the British to co-chair the conference with them, which the British rejects, and Pres. Charles de Gaulle to promise to use his influence with the U.S. and Britain to get the conference set. In shaky South America, a peaceful change of administrations somewhere is a rarity? On Mar. 13 Raul Leoni (1905-72) of Accion Democratica becomes pres. of Venezuela (until Mar. 11, 1969) after the first fair dem. election in the country's history, and there is a big celebration as Romulo Betancourt the first dem.-elected pres. peacefully hands over power to him; Leoni goes on to carry out major industrial development projects. On Mar. 13 (Fri.) 38 residents of a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens fail to respond to the cries of 28-y.-o. bar mgr. Catherine "Kitty" Genovese as she is being stabbed to death, sparking public outrage over urban apathy; Winston Moseley is later sentenced to life in prison for the murder. On Mar. 14 France establishes 21 admin. regions headed by coordinating prefects presiding over commissions of regional economic development. On Mar. 14-27 Soviet Deputy PM Anastas Mikoyan leads a 290-member parliamentary mission to Japan at the invitation of the Japanese parliament. On Mar. 15 (the Ides of March?) Welsh actor Richard Burton (1925-84) marries British superstar actress Elizabeth Taylor (1932-2011) in Montreal, Canada nine days after she divorces Am. singer Eddie Fisher (1928-2010), who in 1959 left Am. actress Debbie Reynolds (1932-2016) for her; it is her 5th marriage and his 2nd; the massive publicity boosts both of their careers. On Mar. 15-24 Charles de Gaulle visits Mexico and the French territories in the Western Hemisphere. On Mar. 20 the European Space Agency (Space Research Org.) (ESRO) is founded by 10 Euro nations (Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland) per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962; Austria and Norway opt out. On Mar. 20 U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. becomes a surprise write-in winner of the 1964 N.H. Repub. Primary, with 35.5% to Barry Goldwater's 22.3%, Nelson Rockefeller's 21%, and Richard Nixon's 16.8%; too bad, Goldwater later passes him by. On Mar. 21 SeaWorld in San Diego, Calif. is founded by four UCLA grads incl. Milton C. "Milt" Shedd (1923-2002), and George Millay (1929-2006), featuring Shamu the Orca (-1971). On Mar. 23 the First U.N. Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) World Conference opens in Geneva, Switzerland, with the goal of integrating developing countries into the world economy; on June 15 the Group of 77 (G-77) is founded by 77 developing countries as a U.N. lobbying block to beg, er, negotiate with wealthy nations; by the year 2000 it's up to 133 countries. On Mar. 24 U.S. ambassador to Japan (1961-6) Edwin Oldfather Reischauer (1910-90) (a noted scholar on Japan) is stabbed by a deranged young Japanese man, after which he contracts hepatitis from the blood transfusion, which eventually kills him. On Mar. 25 Egypt finally ends its state of siege begun in 1952. On Mar. 26 the Czech govt. decides to liquidate the old city of Most to make way for new coal mines and housing for miners; it is finished on Apr. 1, 1987. Car toys, a better way to go? On Mar. 26 U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara delivers a speech reaffirming U.S. support of South Vietnam against the Commies; meanwhile Pres. Johnson signs a document accepting Predelegation of Authority, authorizing senior military cmdrs. to use nukes if the U.S. is attacked by nukes and the pres. cannot be reached, as satirized in the 1963 Stanley Kubrick film "Dr. Strangelove". On Mar. 27 (Good Friday) and Mar. 28 the 8.6 (9.2?) Great Alaskan (Good Friday) Earthquake in Valdez, Prince William Sound, Alaska, 80 mi. E of Anchorage becomes the largest recorded in North Am. and the U.S. (until ?); it is followed by a 50 ft. tsunami that travels 8,445 mi. at 450 mph, killing 114 and destroying Crescent City, Calif. On Mar. 28 the pirate radio station Radio Caroline begins broadcasting pop music on a boat off the E coast of England, becoming a popular alternative to the dull BBC, while authorities try in vain to shut it down (ends 1967). On Mar. 29 the U.S. increases aid to South Vietnam by $50M a year. On Mar. 29 after numerous Egyptian-backed guerrilla attacks, the British RAF under Capt. Edwards attacks a fort in Yemen, killing 25, during which Edwards and Sapper John Warburton are captured and beheaded and their heads displayed in Sana'a, causing the U.N. Security Council to vote 9-0-2 (U.K., U.S.) on Apr. 9 to adopt Resolution 188 condemning it, after which PM Harold Wilson announces his intention to hand over power to the Federation of South Arabia in 1968, with the British military remaining; too bad, there are 280 guerrilla attacks this year, and 500+ next year, causing the British to announce in 1966 that all forces will be withdrawn at independence. On Mar. 30 (Mon.) after Julann Elizabeth Griffin (nee Wright) (1929-), wife of former $100-a-week San Francisco radio singer Mervyn Edward "Merv" Griffin Jr. (1925-2007) suggested to him a year earlier that a way to get around the bad name quiz shows have is to give contestants the answer on screen and have them guess the question, he launches What's the Question, later renamed to "Jeopardy!" (quotes mandatory?) on NBC-TV (until Jan. 3, 1975), becoming the king of TV shows for trivia buffs and epeolatrists (word worshippers), with its first ($100) question being about rats coming to America on Columbus' ships; after wise real estate investments Merv becomes the richest Hollywood performer in history by the late 1980s; it goes on to become the longest-running TV game show (until ?) - of course, they could give the questions in advance too? On Mar. 31-Apr. 4 leftist Brazilian pres. (since 1961) Joao Goulart is overthrown by a bloodless U.S.-backed right-wing military coup led by marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (1900-67), who on Apr. 11 becomes pres. #29 of Brazil (until Mar. 15, 1967), beginning 21 years of bloody military dictatorship (until 1985); Goulart flees to Uruguay; Gen. Golberty do Couto e Silva (1911-87) is the coup mastermind; businessman Jorge Oscar de Mello Flores (1912-2000) gets business leaders to support the coup as a bulwark against Communism, and it attracts massive credits and loans from the World Bank, IMF, and multinat. corps. In Mar. the phrase "Zionism = Racism" is born at the U.N. Subcommission on the Prevention and Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities after the U.S. proposes that anti-Semitism be recognized as a form of racism, and the anti-Semitic Soviet Union counters next Oct. by reversing the equation. In the spring LBJ turns down an offer by U.S. atty.-gen. Robert F.Kennedy to go to Vietnam as an envoy or ambassador, countering with an offer to be ambassador of any other country - he should have offered him Dean Rusk's secy. of state job like Obama later does Hillary Clinton? On Apr. 1-10 Nikita Khrushchev visits Hungary; a joint statement is issued declaring Hungarian support of the Soviet Communist Party in its dispute with the Chinese - ahoo-oo, play something country? On Apr. 5 Ark.-born U.S. gen. Douglas MacArthur (b. 1880) finally fades away for good in Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C., ending some kind of era? On Apr. 5 after his modernization efforts piss off the military, Bhutan PM Jigme Palden Dorji (b. ?) is assassinated in Puncholing near the Indian border by an army corporal, after which a shakeup in the army results in the execution of army chief of ops. Namgyal Bahadur. On Apr. 5 the first driverless trains begin operation in the London Underground. On Apr. 7 53-y.-o. English laundry van driver John Alan West (b. 1911) is murdered in Seaton, Cumberland; on Aug. 13 his murderers Gwynne Owen Evans (b. 1940) and Peter Anthony Allen (b. 1943) become the last people to be executed in the U.K. (until ?); they had murdered him to steal his watch, and Evans had left his raincoat at the scene along with his name and address. On Apr. 8 Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah (1905-82), the "Lion of Kashmir" (in detention since Apr. 1958) is released from prison, denouncing India's policy toward Kashmir; on Apr. 29 he arrives in Delhi to hold talks with Indian pres. Nehru. On Apr. 8 an unannounced strike begins against the Ill. Central Railroad over work rules; it ends on Apr. 9. On Apr. 8 the U.S. launches the 2-man Gemini 1 unmanned as a test. On Apr. 12 Omaha, Neb.-born former Nation of Islam leader Malcolm X (1925-65) delivers his Ballot or Bullet Speech in Detroit, Mich., with the message that either one or the other will come next in the U.S. civil rights struggle, containing the soundbyte: "Why does it look like it might be the year of the ballot or the bullet? Because Negroes have listened to the trickery, and the lies, and the false promises of the white man now for too long. And they're fed up. They've become disenchanted. They've become disillusioned. They've become dissatisfied, and all of this has built up frustrations in the black community that makes the black community throughout America today more explosive than all of the atomic bombs the Russians can ever invent. Whenever you got a racial powder keg sitting in your lap, you're in more trouble than if you had an atomic powder keg sitting in your lap. When a racial powder keg goes off, it doesn't care who it knocks out of the way. Understand this, it's dangerous" - he didn't mention that the bullets might be fired at him? On Apr. 13 the pro-white Rhodesian Front Party of Ian Douglas Smith (1919-) is elected to power in Southern Rhodesia, and he becomes PM of Southern Rhodesia (until Nov. 11, 1965, then PM of Rhodesia until June 1, 1979). On Apr. 13 the 36th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1963 to United Artists' (Lopert Pictures, Woodfall Productions) Tom Jones, along with best dir. to Tony Richardson; Sidney Poitier (1927-) becomes the first black to win a best actor Oscar for Lilies of the Field; best actress goes to Patricia Neal for Hud, best supporting actor to Melvyn Douglas for Hud, and best supporting actress to Margaret Rutherford for The V.I.P.'s. On Apr. 14 the 3rd stage motor of a Delta rocket prematurely ignites at Cape Canaveral, killing three. On Apr. 14 Lady Bird Johnson gets King Hussein I of Jordan to sign an autograph at a state dinner. On Apr. 14 the NAACP, backed by actor Sterlin Hayden and six clergymen stages sit-ins on Auto Row in Francisco, Calif. to protest hiring practices, resulting in 180 arrests; after the sit-ins spread to 50 major U.S. cities, the NAACP signs a pact with the Motor Car Dealer's Assoc. to accelerate the hiring of blacks - from the back of the line to the middle? On Apr. 15 the 23-mi. Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel opens, becoming the world's longest bridge, connecting Virginia Beach and Norfolk, Va. to Cape Charles and the E shore of Va. On Apr. 16 Napoleon, er, Charles de Gaulle gives a radio address declaring that France intends to build its own nuclear strike force, and that he favors French economic aid to poorer nations as an alternative to U.S. and Soviet aid - better pastry? On Apr. 17 Geraldine Fredritz "Jerrie" Mock (1925-) of Columbus, Ohio becomes the first woman to complete a solo airplane flight around the world (29 days, 21 hours) (begun Mar. 19). On Apr. 19 a right-wing coup in Laos against the coalition govt. of Prince Souvanna Phouma, led by Brig. Gen. Kouprasith Abhay begins, but it is soon quashed after failing to gain U.S. support, and fuming Phouma remains PM until 1975. On Apr. 20 Pres. Johnson and PM Khrushchev announce plans to cut back production of materials for making nukes - new turbo-shakes packed with gut-busting nutrition? On Apr. 20 Nelson Mandela delivers his I Am Prepared to Die speech at the opening of the Rivonia Trial (begun Nov. 26, 1963); on June 12 Mandela and seven others are convicted and given life in priz, then sent to Robben Island Prison (until Apr. 1982) to get them out of the way; Nelson Mandela is imprisoned on Robben Island until Feb. 11, 1990 (27 years); fellow ANC leader Govan Archibald Mvuyelwa Mbeki (1910-2001) is imprisoned on Robben Island until Nov. 5, 1987 (24 years). On Apr. 20 ever-boring BBC2 begins broadcasting in the U.K.; its first science program is about R. Buckminster Fuller; next Mar. 4 David Attenborough becomes the new controller. On Apr. 22 British spy Greville Maynard Wynne (1919-90) (convicted on May 11, 1963 and sentenced to 8 years, while his accomplice Oleg V. Penkovsky was sentenced to be shot) is exchanged for Soviet Portland Spy Ring head Gordon Arnold Lonsdale (Konon Trofimovich Molody) (1922-70). On Apr. 22 Pres. Johnson opens the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in Queens, N.Y. (ends Oct. 17, then reopens on Apr. 21-Oct. 17, 1965), while Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) protesters try to drown him out; the theme is "Peace Through Understanding", dedicated to "Man's Achievement on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe"; being within 10 years of the 1962 Seattle World's Fair, some countries bug out, saving up for Expo 67 in Montreal, and the Bureau of Internat. Expositions refuses to sanction it, further diminishing the power of N.Y. planning czar Robert Moses; it features 140+ pavilions for 80 nations, hosted by 37 nations, plus 24 U.S. states, and 45 corporations, incl. the futuristic 140-ft.-high 120-ft.-diam. 350 ton Unisphere fountain by U.S. Steel, and a house made of formica; the Ma Bell pavilion features a picture phone; the IBM pavilion hosts a multimedia show of how a computer works, and coins the term "word processing"; the It's A Small World (After All) exhibit by Disney is a hit, along with an audio-animatronic Abraham Lincoln in the Ill. Pavilion, both moved later to Disneyland; the strawberry and whipped cream "Bel-Gem" Belgian waffle is a hit; sci-fi writer Isaac Asimov (1920-92) pub. an article on the 2014 World's Fair, with the soundbytes: "Robots will neither be common nor very good in 2014, but they will be in existence", "Communications will become sight-sound and you will see as well as hear the person you telephone. The screen can be used not only to see the people you call but also for studying documents and photographs and reading passages from books"; "In 2014, there is every likelihood that the world population will be 6,500,000,000 and the population of the United States will be 350,000,000"; "A larger portion [of the U.S.] than today will be deprived and although they may be better off, materially, than today, they will be further behind when compared with the advanced portions of the world. They will have moved backward, relatively"; "General Electric at the 2014 World's Fair will be showing 3-D movies of its 'Robot of the Future,' neat and streamlined, its cleaning appliances built in and performing all tasks briskly. (There will be a three-hour wait in line to see the film, for some things never change.)" On Apr. 25 the head of the Little Mermaid Statue in Copenhagen harbor is stolen by thieves; in 1997 late painter Henrik Bruun is ratted out by his friends. On Apr. 28 Sir Milton Margai (b. 1895) dies, and his half-brother Sir Albert Michael Margai (1910-80) becomes PM #2 of Sierra Leone (until May 17, 1967), and goes on to attempt to establish a 1-party state under the Sierra Leone's People Party (SLPP). On Apr. 28 the French govt. orders the removal of French naval officers from NATO commands in the Mediterranean and English Channel. On Apr. 29 after secretly converting from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism and causing a constitutional crisis, Princess Irene (1939-) of the Netherlands marries Spanish prince Carlos Hugo (Charles Hugues), Duke of Parma and Piacenza (1930-) in Rome, and loses her right of succession to the Dutch throne, agreeing to live outside the Netherlands; they divorce in 1981. In Apr. the Mods and Rockers riot in British seaside resorts over the Easter holiday. In Apr. pshrink Louis Jolyon West visits Jack Ruby in his cell, and claims that he is "technically insane" and in need of immediate hospitalization; it is later revealed that West worked for the CIA in the MKUltra program of mind control. In Apr. Peter Sellers becomes the first man to be featured on the cover of Playboy Mag. On May 2 the first anti-Vietnam War protesters take to the streets in the U.S., incl. 400-1K in Times Square, New York City, 700 in San Francisco, Calif., and smaller groups in Seattle, Wash., Boston, Mass., and Madison, Wisc., spawning the Members of the May 2nd Movement (M2M). On May 2 despite a special $15M U.S. grant to fight rice shortages, South Korea devalues the won (equal to 100 jeon) by almost half - no won situation jokes here? On May 1 a Rally for Soviet Jewry in New York City organized by Yaakov Birnbaum and Morris Brafman launches a movement to free 3M Jews in the Soviet Union. On May 2 black teenagers Charles Eddie Moore (b. 1945) and Henry Hezekiah Dee (b. 1945) are kidnapped while hitchhiking along U.S. 84 outside Meadville, Mass. by KKK members James Ford Seale (1936-) and Charles Marcus Edwards (1933-), taken to Homochitto Nat. Forest and tortured, then taken 100 mi. and thrown alive into Ole River in Warren County, Miss. near Tallulah, La. lashed to an engine block and railroad tracks, and later found in July 1964 during the search for the three "Mississippi Burning" civil rights workers; after a KKK leader rats them out, they are arrested in Nov. by FBI agents, then turned over to local authorities, who drop the case; in 2005 the prosecution of Edgar Ray Killen causes Moore's brother Thomas to look Seale up and get the case reopened, resulting in the arrest of the sick old man a few mi. from where the kidnapping took place on Jan. 24, 2007; on Aug. 24, 2007 he is given three life sentences. On May 4 the daytime soap opera Another World debuts on NBC-TV (until June 25, 1999), created by "Guiding Light", "As the World Turns" creator Irna Phillips (1901-73) and William Joseph "Bill" Bell (1927-2005), sponsored by Procter & Gamble, and set in Bay City; announcer Bill Wolff opens it with the soundbyte: "We do not live in this world alone, but in a thousand other worlds"; it becomes the first soap opera to talk about an illegal abortion (by teenie Pat Matthews) this year, and the first to go from 30 min. to 1 hour on Jan. 6, 1975; the exec meeting to discuss the opening story met on Nov. 22, 1963. On May 4 the Beatles perform a vetty silly British Pyramus and Thisbe from Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" on BBC-TV, with Paul playing Pyramus, John playing Lady Thisbe, George playing Moonshine, and Ringo playing the Lion - they're establishment now? On May 5 French-speaking separatists riot in Quebec. On May 9 Nikita Khrushchev visits Egypt, and on May 14 he joins Egyptian pres. Gamal Abdel Nasser in setting off charges that begin diverting the Nile River from the site of the Aswan High Dam project; when the dam begins operation, it stops the pesky annual flooding, but it also keeps silt from making it to the Nile Delta region, resulting in the salty sea slowly reclaiming usable land - why fix something that isn't broke? On May 9 student demonstrations against his efforts to restore relations with Japan cause South Korean pres. Chung Hee Park to reshuffle his cabinet; on June 3 after more demonstrations, martial law is proclaimed again (until July 28), causing more demonstrations, charges of corruption, and the resignation of several ministers. On May 11 Sudan passes a new agrarian law which results in the seizure of about half of French-owned land. On May 17 (6:49 a.m.) Pacific Air Lines Flight 773 crashes near Danville, Calif., killing all 41 passengers and three crew aboard; the cockpit recorder indicates that the pilot and copilot were shot by a suicidal passenger. On May 18 David Frost interviews Paul McCartney on BBC. On May 18 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court 5-3 in Schneider v. Rusk that it is unconstitutional to deprive naturalized citizens of citizenship just because they return to their home country for more than three years, invalidating the 1952 U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act on the grounds of due process under the Fifth Amendment, since no such restriction applies to native-born citizens. On May 19 the U.S. State Dept. announces that the U.S. embassy in Moscow had been bugged by a network of 40+ microphones embedded in the walls. On May 21 the first nuclear-powered lighthouse begins operation in Chesapeake Bay. On May 22 Pres. LBJ gives his Great Society Speech at the U. of Mich., with the soundbyte: "The Great Society rests on abundance and liberty for all. It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time. But that is just the beginning. The Great Society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich his mind and to enlarge his talents. It is a place where leisure is a welcome chance to build and reflect, not a feared cause of boredom and restlessness. It is a place where the city of man serves not only the needs of the body and the demands of commerce but the desire for beauty and the hunger for community. It is a place where man can renew contact with Nature. It is a place which honors creation for its own sake and for what it adds to the understanding of the race. It is a place where men are more concerned with the quality of their goals than the quantity of their goods. But most of all, the Great Society is not a safe harbor, a resting place, a final objective, a finished work. It is a challenge constantly renewed, beckoning us toward a destiny where the meaning of our lives matches the marvelous products of our labor"; too bad, the huge cost causes the govt. to start cutting the space program - great taste and fewer calories too? On May 23 Madeline Dassault (Bloch) (1901-), wife of French airplane manufacturer Marcel Dassault (1892-1986) is kidnapped in front of her Paris home, then found unharmed on May 24 in a farmhouse 27 mi. from Paris - that new stealth bomber really works? On May 25 the U.S. Supreme Court rules unanimously in Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County that the end-around run of closing schools to avoid desegregation is unconstitutional. On May 25 CBS-TV airs Town Meeting of the World, a satellite interview of Richard Nixon, Harold Wilson, and J. William Fulbright. On May 26 after winning the Tex. primary on June 2, Barry Goldwater is defeated by Nelson Rockefeller in Ore., but on June 2 he wins Calif., sewing it up; never fear, on June 12 moderate Penn. gov. (1963-7) William Warren "Bill" Scranton (1917-) throws his hat in the ring as part of a "Stop Goldwater" movement, and wins 10 state delegations before Goldwater wins the nomination on the first ballot and ignores his offer to become his vice-pres. running mate. On May 27 Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru (b. 1889) dies suddenly, allegedly of syphilis, and his power is passed to the Syndicate (five chief ministers); on June 1 Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-66) becomes Indian PM #2 (until 1966), holding talks with Sheik Muhammad Abdullah in Aug. On May 27 LBJ holds a taped conversation with U.S. nat. security advisor McGeorge Bundy about the Vietnam War, telling him that "It's just the biggest damned mess that I ever saw", that it's not worth fighting for, and that if we went in bigtime we couldn't pull out; at this point there are 16K U.S. troops there and only about 200 have been killed. On May 28 the Palestine Nat. Congress founds the Palestine Liberation Org. (PLO) in Jerusalem; on Sept. 10 the Palestinian Liberation Army (PLA) is formed as its military wing; the "Palestine" it is founded to free incl. Tel Aviv, Haifa, Nahariya, and Beersheba, not Hebron, Shechem, and Ramallah, which are under Jordanian occupation; it is considered a terrorist org. by the U.S. and Israel until the 1991 Madrid Conference; it starts out under effective control of the Arab states esp. Egypt until Yasser Arafat's Fatah faction wrests control in 1968-9 after the Six-Day War; the PLA is eventually organized into three brigades, the Ayn Jalut in Gaza, the Aadisiyyah in Iraq and Jordan, and the Hattin in Syria; it grows to 12K soldiers. I'm the bogeyman, and I'm out to get ya? On May 31 MNR head Victor Paz Estenssoro is reelected to a 3rd 4-year term as pres. of Bolivia; too bad, on Nov. 3 Bolivian Air Force chief of staff Rene Barrientos Ortuno (1919-69) leads a military coup which ousts him, backed by groups feeling betrayed by his move to the right. In May Levi Eshkol becomes the first Israeli PM to be invited to make a state visit to the U.S., developing a relationship with LBJ that he later uses in the 1967 Six Day War. In May after peasant militias set up the self-styled Independent Repub. of Marquetalia in Colombia, they are crushed by Colombian army troops, after which Manuel Marulanda Velez (Vélez) (Pedro Antonio Marin Marin) (1930-2008) (AKA Tirofijo = "sureshot") founds the left-wing Bloque Sur (Southern Black) guerrillas, who in 1966 join with Communist intellectuals to form the Rev. Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia) (FARC). In May the Kennedy Round of GATT begins (ends 1967), with 66 countries meeting in Geneva to negotiate the lowering of trade barriers, ending $40B worth of tariffs; followed by the Tokyo Round (1973-9). On June 1 (4 mo. after the Beatles) the Rolling Stones arrive in the U.S. for the first time to do TV and eight concerts (the first on June 2 in a h.s. stadium in Lynn, Mass.), and nobody cares? On June 1 after leaving the day after her h.s. graduation, Sevier County, Tenn.-born Dolly Rebecca Parton (1946-) spends her first day in Nashville, Tenn. in search of a record deal; in 1966 she marries Carl Dean, who enjoys her big boobs and scrawny behind for the next 4+ decades while remaining out of sight in the background; in 1967 she replaces Pretty Miss Norma Jean Beasler (1938-) with a record 25 #1 Billboard country singles, 41 top-10 country albums, and 110 charting singles - the second day is spent on her back, and the third at the plastic surgeon's office? On June 2 the Communications Satellite Corp. (COMSAT) (created in 1962) goes public, selling all 5M shares at $20 a share. On June 3 Ringo Star is hospitalized with tonsilitis, causing Beatles mgr. Brian Epstein to substitute British Shubdubs drummer James George "Jimmie" "Jimmy" Nicol (1939-) in their Australian tour, starting on June 4 in Copenhagen, Denmark, spending a night at a brothel with John Lennon with police escort; after he plays eight shows Ringo takes over again on June 14 in Melbourne, Australia, and as he boards the airplane Epstein presents him with £500 and an inscribed gold Eterna-matic wristwatch, after which his career tanks and he declares bankruptcy in 1965 then leaves the music biz in 1967, not wanting to talk about it. On June 6 Japanese atomic bomb survivors (Hibakusha) arrive in Harlem, N.Y. to speak out against nuclear proliferation, meeting with Malcolm X, who utters the soundbyte: "You have been scarred by the atom bomb. You just saw that we have also been scarred. The bomb that hit us was racism." On June 7 the Beatles visit the canals of Amsterdam. On June 9 the French govt. announces that beginning on Oct. 1 products from Tunisia will no longer enter France on preferential terms, abrogating their 1959 trade agreement. On June 9 IQ-142 army deserter George John Gessner (1936-) is convicted of passing U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union in federal court in Kansas City, Kan. On June 10 the U.S. Senate votes cloture, ending the 83-day Southern filibuster over the proposed Civil Rights Act. On June 11 the Cologne School Massacre sees TB-suffering schizophrenic WWII vet Walter Seifert (b. 1922) (whose wife died in childbirth several years earlier) attack a Roman Catholic elementary school with a homemade flamethrower, killing 10 (8 students, two teachers) and injuring 21, after which he swallows E605 insecticide, dying on June 12. I've heard of Johnny Appleseed, but? On June 14 Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters leave Kesey's ranch in La Honda, Calif. in his bus "Furthur" to visit the New York World's Fair, taking advantage of the lack of laws to give out LSD to anybody they meet via "electric Kool-Aid", with a plan to hook everybody in the U.S. on it and reverse the historic westward migration with chem lab manna; their primary LSD supplier is underground chemist Augustus Owsley "the Bear" Stanley III (1935-), who later invents the Wall of Sound for the Grateful Dead, which they salute with their dancing bear icon; a planned "summit" with Timothy Leary fails when they arrive at his home in Millbrook, N.Y. and find him too stoned to talk with them, and future attempts are scrapped after both are imprisoned on drug charges after LSD is criminalized on Oct. 6, 1966; after the trip ends, the Pranksters begin holding "Acid Tests" (free LSD) in Calif. starting in Nov. 1965 in Palo Alto, with the Grateful Dead performing; Kesey also introduces the Hell's Angels motorcycle gang to LSD, and the Pranksters sans Kesey visit the Woodstock Festival in 1969; later immortalized in Tom Wolfe's "The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test" (1968). On June 15 the last French troops leave Algeria. On June 15 Argentina passes a minimum wage law, along with price controls and min. standards for pensions; on Aug. 28 it passes prescription drug price controls; on Nov. 5 it passes a literacy program. On June 15 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 5-4 in Malloy v. Hogan that the Fifth Amendment is forced on the states by the 14th Amendment, completing the first eight amendments, reversing Twining v. N.J. (1908), with the soundbyte that "the American judicial system is accusatorial, not inquisitorial", requiring both state and federal officials to "establish guilt by evidence that is free and independent of a suspect's or witnesses' statements". On June 15 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 8-1 in Reynolds v. Sims that unlike the U.S. Senate, both chambers of state legislative districts must be roughly equal in pop. On June 18 the "Splash Heard Round the World" sees the white owner of the Monson Motor Lodge in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. break up an integrated "swim-in" by pouring acid into the pool, after which the nat. uproar helps get the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act passed. On June 19 the private plane of U.S. Dem. Sen. Edward Kennedy crashes in Southampton, Mass., seriously injuring him - he'll drink himself back into shape? On June 19 the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act is approved by the U.S. Senate by 73-27, protecting constitutional rights for blacks in public facilities and public education and prohibiting discrimination in federally-funded programs by citing the commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution; on July 2 Pres. Johnson (an arch-enemy of the Ku Klux Klan) eagerly signs it; Title VII bars discrimination in employment on the basis of "race, color, religion, sex or national origin", and establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to take complaints, investigate, and impose penalties; U.S. rep. (D-Mich.) (1955-74) Martha Wright Griffiths (1912-2003) led the effort to keep the word "sex" in the bill. I love the smell of napalm in the morning, play the Wagner music, please? On June 20 S.C.-born gen. William Childs "Westy" Westmoreland (1914-2005) (who in 1956 at age 42 became the youngest maj. gen. in the U.S. Army) succeeds Gen. Paul Harkins as CIC of U.S. forces in Vietnam (until 1968), using his WWII experience leading a fast-moving artillery battalion to orchestrate a "mammoth logistical buildup, various tactical expedients and innovations, the Advisory effort, civic action programs... But perhaps the most impressive of all was the accomplishment for the first time in military history of a true air mobility on the battlefield" (Westmoreland); he goes on to become the U.S. gen. who "won every battle until he lost the war" (Neil Sheehan) - a half head shorter than LBJ? Mississippi Burning starring whom? On June 21 the Freedom Summer begins when three civil rights workers, black Mississippian James Earl "J.E." Chaney (b. 1943), and white Jewish New Yorkers Andrew Goodman (b. 1943) and Michael "Mickey" Schwerner (1939-) (a CORE organizer) disappear in Philadelphia, Miss. after stopping to investigate the burning of a black church for supporting civil rights activity, then being jailed briefly by the cracker police for speeding in their station wagon; after a nat. uproar, on June 25 Pres. Johnson orders 200 naval personnel to Miss. to assist in finding them, and orders the FBI to investigate the case, causing J. Edgar Hoover to balk until LBJ strongarms him; the Navy divers go on to find the bodies of seven other Miss. blacks who disappeared in the past several years, and only find the big three on Aug. 4 after offering a $25K reward; the Ku Klux Klan is later proved to have beaten and shot them to death and buried them in an earthen dam on Olen Burrage's Old Jolly Farm 6 mi. SW of Philadelphia, Miss. on the orders of KKK leader (sawmill operator and part-time preacher) Edgar Ray Killen (1925-) (eager to rape and kill 'em?), who gives himself an alibi by attending a wake at a funeral home; next Jan. 16 18 people are arrested for the murders, incl. Killen, sheriff Lawrence Rainey (acquitted), deputy sheriff Cecil Price, and KKK imperial wizard Samuel Bowers, of which seven are found guilty, receiving sentences of 3-10 years, and serving no more than six; after the jury deadlocks on his charges, and the system fails to bring him to justice for decades, during which time three films are released on the case, Killen is finally convicted of manslaughter on June 21, 2005 in Philadelphia, Miss., receiving three 20-year sentences. On June 22 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 5-4 in Escobedo v. Ill. that criminal suspects have the right to an atty. during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment, extending Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), which gives them the right to an atty. at their trial; in Miranda v. Ariz. (1966) the court switches to the Fifth Amendment. On June 22 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-3 in Nico Jacobellis v. Ohio that the 1958 French film "The Lovers" (Les Amants) is not obscene, even though obscene films may be regulated by states, with Potter Stewart uttering the soundbyte "I know it when I see it" (followed by "and the motion picture involved in this case is not that"), although he later admits that this isn't a tenable standard. On June 23 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. resigns as the U.S. ambassador to Vietnam, and is succeeded by Kennedy favorite Gen. Maxwell Davenport Taylor (1901-87) (until 1965). On June 24 the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announces that, starting in 1965, cigarette manufacturers will be required to put warnings on their packaging about the harmful effects of smoking. The original Malcolm in the Middle, or, I'm leaving on a jet plane, and I won't return the same? On June 25 after a scandal involving Elijah Muhammad impregnating eight teenage girls pisses him off, plus the giving of the prized name Muhammad Ali to Cassius Clay rather than him, Malcolm X splits with the 30K-member Nation of Islam, and on June 28 founds the Org. for Afro-American Unity to seek independence for blacks in the Western Hemisphere; he then goes on an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, where he sees the light and renounces racial separatism and joins mainstream Islam, angering some Black Muslims; meanwhile Ali abandons Malcolm X - some? On June 25 the Vatican condemns the oral contraceptive pill for women. On June 26 the Beatles releases the single And I Love Her, which Paul McCarthy calls "the first ballad I impressed myself with"; John Lennon later calls it McCartney's "first Yesterday". On June 30 the last U.N. troops leave the Congo (Kinshasa), and in July Moise Kapenda Tshombe (1919-69) becomes PM of the Dem. Repub. of Congo (Kinshasa) (until 1965). In June the Warren Commission finally gets around to interviewing Jack Ruby, who told them "Gentlemen, I want to tell the truth, but I cannot tell it here. If you want a fair shake out of me, you have to take me to Washington", which Earl Warren answers by "No, it could not be done, it could not be done. There are a good many things involved in that, Mr. Ruby"; Ruby fingers LBJ, writing a Letter from Jail, with the soundbyte: "You must believe me that I know what is taking place, so please with all my heart, you must believe me, because I am counting on you to save this country a lot of blood-shed. As soon as you get out you must read Texan looks at Lyndon [A Texan Looks At Lyndon by J. Evetts Haley], and it may open your eyes to a lot of things. This man is a Nazi in the worst order"; it also contained the soundbyte: "Isn't it strange that Oswald who hasn't worked a lick most of his life, should be fortunate enough to get a job at the Book Building two weeks before the president himself didn't know as to when he was to visit Dallas, now where would a jerk like Oswald get the information that the president was coming to Dallas? Only one person could have had that information, and that man was Johnson who knew weeks in advance as to what was going to happen, because he is the one who was going to arrange the trip for the president, this had been planned long before the president himself knew about, so you can figure that one out. The only one who gained by the shooting of the president was Johnson, and he was in a car in the rear and safe when the shooting took place. What would the Russians, Castro or anyone else have to gain by eliminating the president? If Johnson was so heartbroken over Kennedy, why didn't he do something for Robert Kennedy? All he did was snub him." In June in South Africa Nelson Mandela is moved into a jail cell on Robben Island outside Cape Town, where he is kept until Apr. 1982. In June after meeting him in the early 1950s in Harlem, Warren Commission staffer William "Bill" Coleman (only African-Am. atty. on the commission) visits Fidel Castro in Cuba, who denies any involvement in the JFK assassination, claiming to admire him; the meeting is first revealed by the London Times on Jan. 7, 2006. On July 2 NASCAR star Edward Glenn "Fireball" Roberts (b. 1929) dies of massive burns sustained on May 24 at the World 600 in Charlotte, N.C., which spurs research on flame-retardant uniforms and leads to the development of the Firestone RaceSafe fuel cell and Nomex racing suits. On July 3 failed white supremacist political candidate Lester Garfield Maddox (1915-2003) chases three black bucks from his Pickrick Cafeteria in Atlanta, Ga. at 891 Hemphill Ave. (across the street from Georgia Tech.) (opened 1947) with an axe handle, gaining nat. publicity, then goes on to become gov. of Ga. from 1967-71, winning against several candidates incl. Jimmy Carter (1924-), and going on to prove a moderate, appointing blacks to state office. On July 4 after more than a century of oppression by whites, the Rhodesian Bush War begins (ends Dec. 12, 1979), with the Zimbabwe African Nat. Liberation Army of Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African Nat. Union, and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army of Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union trying to overthrow the white-run govt. of Ian Smith. On July 4 Leicester C. Hemingway (1915-82) uses his royalties from his 1961 bio. of his brother Ernest Hemingway plus the 1856 U.S. Guano Islands Act to found the Repub. of New Atlantis 8 mi. SW of Jamaica in a shallow spot in internat. waters, consisting of an 8'x30' bamboo raft anchored to an old Ford engine block in 50 ft. of water, with the goal of protecting Jamaican fishing, uttering the soundbyte: "There's no law that says you can't start your own country"; after being elected pres. next Feb., he creates a nat. flag and nat. currency called the scruple, printing five different denominations of postage stamps, one of which features LBJ, "protector of the entire free world", getting him a thank-you note from the White House but not official recognition; too bad, a hurricane wipes it out in 1967. On July 8 the U.S. announces that its casualties in Vietnam have risen to 1,387 incl. 399 dead and 17 MIA. On July 11 black Lt. Col. Lemuel Penn (b. 1915) is murdered while driving through beautiful Madison County, Ga. while returning home to Washington, D.C. from Ft. Benning as an act of retribution by the Ku Klux Klan against Pres. Johnson; Joseph Howard Sims (1923-) and Cecil William Myers (1939-) are later convicted of federal charges of violating his civil rights, and serve six years. On July 13 the UAR and the Yemen Arab Repub. sign an agreement with the aim of eventual unification; meanwhile the Yemeni govt. goes into a period of unrest and cabinet shifts. On July 13-16 the 1964 Repub. Nat. Convention is held in the Cow Palace in San Francisco, Calif.; Sen. Margaret Chase Smith of Maine becomes the first woman to have her name placed before a nat. political convention for the office of pres.; too bad, the party is taken over by its extreme right wing, who hoot down moderate New York Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller and nominate Ariz. Sen. Barry Goldwater on the 1st ballot, with Richard Nixon introducing him as the party's nominee and describing himself as a "simple soldier"; for vice-pres. they select upstate N.Y. rep. (since 1953) William Edward "Bill" Miller (1914-83), becoming the first Roman Catholic nominated for nat. office by the Repub. Party (until ?); on July 26 Goldwater's acceptance speech scares millions with the Dr. Strangelove statement that "extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice... moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue", along with the idea of "defoliating the jungle with low-yield atomic weapons"; bespectacled NBC reporter John Chancellor is thrown out of the convention floor for blocking an aisle during a delegate demonstration; the Am. Psychoanalytic Assoc. institutes the Goldwater Rule, prohibiting commenting on the mental health of public figures they haven't personally diagnosed; CBS journalist Daniel Louis Schorr (1916-2010) incorrectly reports that Goldwater traveled to Germany "to join-up with the right-wing there" and visit "Hitler's one-time stomping ground in Berchtesgaden", causing Goldwater to demand an apology for its "CBS conspiracy" against his candidacy; Manhattan advertising agency DDB produces the Daisy Ad, which is approved by LBJ on Aug. 20, portraying Goldwater as Doctor Strangelove who will cause nuclear Armageddon, tanking his campaign and causing Richard Nixon to put them on his Enemies List - a sure-loser plant by the Military-Industrial Complex to insure that their man LBJ wins reelection for his key role in bumping off pinko JFK? On July 14 the U.S. sends 600 more troops to Vietnam. On July 18 riots break out in Harlem, N.Y. in protest of the killing of a 15-y.-o. white boy by a white NYPD officer, killing one and injuring 100. On July 18-23 the Harlem Race Riot starts peacefully to protest the killing of 15-y.-o. black teenie James Powell by white police officer Thomas Gilligan, then escalates, spreading to Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn; it is finally stopped after 400-500 are arrested by 6K pigs, with 500 injured, and property damage of $500K-$1M; a peaceful rally on July 25 results in the arrest of black Maoist activist William Leo "Bill" Epton Jr. (1932-2002) for hanging posters reading "Wanted for Murder: Gilligan the Cop" and for shouting "Burn, Baby, Burn", becoming the first person convicted in the U.S. of criminal anarchy since the 1919 Red Scare; he loses his appeal despite the law being changed in 1966 making his protest legal again, and serves 1 year on Rikers Island. On July 21 race riots begin in Singapore between ethnic Chinese and Malays. On July 23 Arby's Restaurants is founded in Boardman (near Youngstown), Ohio by Fairmont, W.V.-born brothers Forrest Bernard "Fuzzy" Raffel (1922-2008) and Leroy Raffel (1926-) from New Castle, Penn. to sell a 69 cent quarter-lb. roast beef sandwich; the name is a pun on "Raffel Brothers" and "roast beef"; the logo is a cowboy hat, a nod to Big Tex of Akron, Ohio, which refused to license them the name; in July 2011 it is acquired by Roark Capital Group and Wendd's; by 2015 it expands to 3.4K restaurants. On July 24-27 the Rochester, N.Y. Race Riot starts with an arrest at a street dance, then escalates, causing the Nat. Guard to be called to a Northern city for the first time, resulting in four killed (3 in a heli crash) and 350 injured, with 1K arrests and 204 stores looted or damaged; after this a wave of black riots in protest of police brutality rock the U.S. until 1969, causing white flight to the suburbs. On July 26 a passenger train derails in Custoias, Portugal, killing 94. On July 27 Pres. Johnson sends an additional 5K military advisors to South Vietnam, bringing the total to 21K - who are they advising? It's our turn to get some Honkin Tonkin joy in Vietnam? On July 30-31 (midnight) the U.S. Navy fires on the North Vietnamese islands of Hon Ngu and Hon Me; on Aug. 2 (afternoon) destroyer USS Maddox is allegedly attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin by three Vietnamese PT boats from Hon Me, who score one bullet, after which it retreats, then returns on Aug. 3 accompanied by the USS C. Turner Joy, after which on Aug. 3-4 (night) U.S. ships from Danang shell two points on the North Vietnamese mainland; on Aug. 4 (night) both destroyers fire after radar blips indicate a 2nd torpedo boat attack, after which on Aug. 5 carrier USS Ticonderoga helps them sink one gunboat and chase two others, while Operation Pierce Arrow, a bombing of North Vietnam by planes from USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation takes out a major petroleum storage facility in Vinh; too bad, Navy Lt. Everett Alvarez Jr. (1937-) is shot down and captured in beautiful Ha Long (Chin. "Descending Dragon") Bay, becoming the first U.S. naval aviator captured by the North Vietnamese, and the 2nd longest-held POW in U.S. history (released in 1973 after 8.5 years); on Aug. 5 in response to the 2nd Tonkin Gulf Incident, LBJ gives a U.S. Policy on Southeast Asia Speech at Syracuse U., with the soundbytes "The attacks were deliberate, the attacks were unprovoked, the attacks have been answered", and "There an be no peace by aggression, and no immunity from reply"; on Aug. 7 after U.S. defense secy. Robert Strange McNamara strangely deceives LBJ about the nature of the attack, and the North Vietnamese are characterized as the aggressors despite a report from USS Maddox Capt. John J. Herrick that "freak weather effects" caused false radar readings and that no North Vietnamese patrol boats had been sighted, the U.S. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is passed 414-0 in the House and 88-2 in the Senate, giving Pres. Johnson virtually unlimited war powers; it is repealed on Jan. 13, 1971; the no votes are from Sens. Wayne Lyman Morse (1900-74) (D-Ore.) (1945-69) and Ernest Henry Gruening (1887-1974) (D-Alaska) (1959-69); in 1971 it is revealed that the U.S. boats violated Vietnamese territorial waters and were the real aggressors; the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is LBJ's payback to the CIA for helping him take out JFK?; in 2001 NSA historian Robert J. Hanyok finds that there was no 2nd attack, and that NSA officers deliberately distorted intercepts (the NSA covers this up until 2005); on Jan. 28, 1973 Turner Joy becomes the ship to fire the last official shot of the Vietnam War for the U.S. On July 31 U.S. space probe Ranger 7 (launched July 28) begins transmitting 4,308 pictures of the Moon's surface through its six video cameras; its closeup photos increase the resolution of earthbound telescopes by 1000x. In July the Newport Folk Festival is the U.S. debut of Egyptian musician Hamza El Din (1929-2006), who spices things up with his minimalist Nubian music on his fretless oud and tar drum. On Aug. 1 Jack Warner shuts down the cartoon div. of Warner Brothers, and the final Looney Tunes cartoon Senorella (Señorella) and the Glass Huarache is released. On Aug. 2-4 the Jersey City, N.J. Race Riot starts with the arrest of a black woman for disorderly conduct, after which 800 blacks begin looting and rioting, demanding the hiring of more black policemen and the cleanup of the city, incl. better parks; after Irish-Am. mayor (1963-71) Thomas J. Whelan (1922-2002) refuses to discuss the blacks' demands, 400 police finally shut them down with 52 arrests after 46 are injured and 71 stores or businesses damaged. On Aug. 4 the bodies of missing civil rights workers Michael H. Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James E. Chaney are found buried in an earthen dam in Nashoba County, Miss. On Aug. 5 the Congolese Simba (Swahili "lion") rebel army led by Christophe Gbenye (1927-2015) and Pierre Mulele (1929-68) captures Stanleyville, and on Oct. 27 takes 1K Western hostages, incl. 60 Americans and 800 Belgians; on Nov. 24 Belgian paratroops retake it, but several hostages die in the fighting incl. famed medical missionary Paul Carlson (b. 1928). On Aug. 5 after an unhappy 3.5-year marriage (1953-7) to builder Martin May, actress Anne Bancroft (Anna Maria Louisa Italiano) (1932-2005) marries comedian Mel Brooks (Melvin Kaminsky) (1926-), whom she met in 1961 while rehearsing the musical number Married I Can Always Get for the Perry Como TV show, and a voice from offstage calls, "I'm Mel Brooks"; the next day she tells her psych: "Let's speed this process up. I've met the right man. See, I'd never had so much pleasure being with another human being. I wanted him to enjoy me, too. It was that simple." On Aug. 6 in E Nevada a bristlecone pine tree (Pinus longaeva), nicknamed Prometheus near Wheeler Peak is cut down for scientific study of its age; it turns out to be 4.9K years old, the oldest living tree - if only it could talk? On Aug. 7 Turkey begins an air attack on Greek Cypriots. On Aug. 8 a Rolling Stones concert in Sheveningen in The Hague, Netherlands ends in a riot that turns on the police. On Aug. 11-13 the Paterson, N.J. Race Riot is accompanied by the Elizabeth, N.J. Race Riot. On Aug. 15-17 the Chicago Race Riot in Ill. starts in the suburb of Dixmoor. On Aug. 18 Marionite Christian Charles Hilu (1911-2001) is elected pres. of Lebanon (until 1969). On Aug. 18 South Africa is banned from the Olympic Games. On Aug. 24-27 the 1964 Dem. Nat. Convention is held in Atlantic City, N.J., nominating Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) for pres., and Hubert H. Humphrey (HHH) of Minn. for vice-pres.; on Aug. 22 black civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer (nee Townsend) (1917-77) of the mainly black Miss. Freedom Dem. Party challenges the credentials of the all-white Miss. delegation, causing a split that drives a lot of conservative white Southerners out of the Dem. Party; the LBJ campaign is a sure-winner by portraying Goldwater as a Dr. Strangelove, running a TV commercial showing a young girl plucking petals off a daisy while counting to 10, followed by a nuclear countown and a nuclear mushroom cloud, and LBJ overdubbing the soundbyte "We must either love each other or we must die", followed by "Vote for President Johnson on November 3. The stakes are too high for you to stay home." On Aug. 25 Singapore reacts to Indonesian aggression by limiting imports from the Netherlands. On Aug. 28 Bob Dylan and the Beatles meet for the first time in New York City, and he introduces them to the joys of marijuana, with Paul being particularly thrilled, uttering the soundbyte "I'm thinking for the first time, really thinking" - did mother Mary come to him speaking words of wisdom? On Aug. 28-30 the Philadelphia Race Riot in Penn. over police brutality in the arrest and rumored death of Odessa Bradford in North Philly results in 744 arrests and 341 injured, causing white flight from Philly to begin. On Aug. 29 the 41-member singing Mormon King Family Show makes its network debut with an ABC-TV special, following by a regular show from Jan. 1965-Jan. 1966. In Aug. Pierre Salinger resigns as LBJ's press secy., and is replaced by his ever-ready old Senate staffer (since 1951) George Edward Reedy (1917-99), who quits next July after the credibility gap of LBJ's admin. becomes an issue, then stabs him in the back by pub. "The Twilight of the Presidency" in 1970. On Aug. 31 the U.S. Food Stamp Act makes the 1961 pilot program permanent. On Sept. 2 the U.S. Kuchel Act prohibits homesteading on wetlands and restricts the amount of row crops that can be grown on leased land within wetland refuges. On Sept. 2 poets of the Hungry Generation in Calcutta, India are arrested for conspiracy against the state and obscenity. On Sept. 2 Indonesian paratroopers land in Malaysia. On Sept. 3 after conservationists stop a dam in Echo Park in Dinosaur Nat. Monument and go to work lobbying Congress, LBJ signs the U.S. Wilderness Act of 1964 eight years after Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey introduces the first wilderness bill, creating the Nat. Wilderness Preservation System, reserving parts of nat. forests (9.1M acres total) as pristine wilderness areas "where the Earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor and does not remain"; the House vote is 373-1 and the Senate vote is 73-12; when too few areas are reserved, environmentalist orgs. such as Earth Watch begin springing up, causing over 100M acres to be sheltered in 1999; the Sagebush Rebellion is born when advocates of state and private control revolt, incl. Pres. Ronald Reagan in 1981. On Sept. 3 lame duck Robert F. Kennedy (RFK) resigns as U.S. atty.-gen. On Sept. 4 the Forth Road Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in Europe opens in Scotland. On Sept. 7 leftist rebels in Stanleyville, Congo set up a people's republic, causing Pres. Moise Tshombe to hire foreign mercenaries; in Nov.-Dec. the rebels slay scores of white hostages along with thousands of garbage, er, native Congolese, while Belgian paratroops dropped from U.S. planes rescue hundreds. On Sept. 10 Germany receives its millionth foreign worker. On Sept. 11-12 Typhoon Gloria hits Taiwan, killing 330 and causing $17.5M damage. On Sept. 13 William Fu, er, F. Buckley writes an Review of the Beatles for the Boston Globe, with the soundbyte: "An estimable critic writing for National Review, after seeing Presley writhe his way through one of Ed Sullivan's shows... suggested that future entertainers would have to wrestle with live octopuses in order to entertain a mass American audience. The Beatles don't in fact do this, but how one wishes they did! And how this one wishes the octopus would win... The Beatles are not merely awful; I would consider it sacrilegious to say anything less than that they are god awful. They are so unbelievably horribly, so appallingly unmusical, so dogmatically insensitive to the magic of the art that they qualify as crowned heads of anti-music, even as the imposter popes went down in history as 'anti-popes'." On Sept. 14 the 3rd Session of Vatican II opens, and ends on Nov. 21 with the constitution De Ecclesia, providing for power-sharing between the pope and bishops, and calling for eventual Christian unity while recognizing the autonomy of the Eastern Orthodox churches. On Sept. 14 officials at UCB prohibit political action at the campus entrance at Bancroft Way and Telegraph Ave. On Sept. 14, 1964 the London Daily Herald ceases pub., and is replaced by The Sun. On Sept. 14 Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, based on the 1961 film and set in the 1970s debuts on ABC-TV for 110 episodes (until Mar. 31, 1968), starring John Richard Basehart (1914-84) as Adm. Nelson, designer of the U.S. submarine Seaview, and Albert David Hedison Jr. (1927-) as Capt. Lee Crane; the first 32 episodes are B&W. On Sept. 15 the Vatican signs a major agreement with Communist Hungary permitting Catholic priests there to take an oath of loyalty to the govt. On Sept. 16 former S.C. gov. Strom Thurmond announces his switch to the Repub. Party. On Sept. 16 prime time London-based Shindig! debuts on ABC-TV (until Jan. 8, 1966), showcasing top musical acts, hosted by Los Angeles disc jockey Jimmy O'Neill; the first episode features the Beatles playing "Kansas City"; on Jan. 12, 1965 NBC-TV copycats it with Hullabaloo! (until Aug. 29, 1966), which features a different host each week, and records from both England and Calif.; it is later replaced by "The Monkees". On Sept. 16-Oct. 20 French pres. Charles de Gaulle visits South Am., incl. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay (first head of state from outside Latin Am. to visit), and Brazil. On Sept. 17 the sitcom Bewitched debuts on ABC-TV for 254 episodes (until Mar. 25, 1972) (shown in color in 1966-72), starring Elizabeth Victoria Montgomery (1933-95) as nose-twitching witch Samantha Stephens (after Tammy Grimes turns it down), and Dick York (1928-92) as her ordinary non-magical hubby Darrin Stephens until 1969, when an old back injury causes him to have a spasm on the set and get fired, ruining his career, getting replaced by Dick Sargent (1930-) in 1969-72 after the network reruns all 14 episodes in which York doesn't appear in order to ease the transition (so much for equal rights for the handicapped?); in the 1970s the show films on location for several episodes in Salem, Mass., giving a boost to real witch Laurie Cabot (1933-), owner of The Cat, The Crow, and The Crown store (founded 1971), which becomes a tourist stop after the publicity; in the 1970s she is declared the official witch of Salem by Mass. gov. Michael Dukakis. On Sept. 17 the prime-time soap opera Peyton Place, based on the 1956 Grace Metalious novel and 1957 film debuts on ABC-TV, becoming the first show to air two installments a week (Tues., Thur.); it ends on June 2, 1969 after 514 episodes and reaching three episodes a week; stars Dorothy Malone (1925-) as Constance MacKenzie, Mia (Maria de Lourdes Villiers) Farrow (1945-) as her daughter Allison MacKenzie, and Charles Patrick Ryan O'Neal (1941-) as Rodney Harrington, known for wearing a Baracuta G9 jacket, and Barbara Parkins (1942-) as Rodney's steady Betty Anderson. On Sept. 18 (Fri.) the B&W series The Addams Family, created by David Levy (1913-2000) based on The New Yorker cartoons of Charles Samuel "Chas" Addams (1912-88) about a socially superior family of ghouls debuts on ABC-TV for 64 episodes (until Sept. 2, 1966), starring mustachioed cheeky-grinning John Allen Astin (1930-) as Gomez Addams, Carolyn Sue Jones (1930-83) as his wife Morticia, Kenneth Patrick "Ken" Weatherwax (1955-) as pudgy son Pugsley, Lisa Loring (1958-) as daughter Wednesday, former child star John Leslie "Jackie" Coogan (1914-84) as Uncle Fester (known for lighting lightbulbs by putting them in his mouth), Blossom Rock (1895-1978) (Edith Marie Blossom MacDonald) as Grandmama, 6'9" Theodore Crawford "Ted" Cassidy (1932-79) as harpsichord-playing butler Lurch (known for the soundbyte "You rang"), and Felix Anthony Silla (1937-) as Cousin Itt, who all live at 0001 Cemetery Lane (inspired by Westfield, N.J.); while the series is running, the snooty New Yorker mag. refuses to pub. any new Addams Family cartoons; not to be outdone in the Baby Boomer prime time horror comedy market, on Sept. 24 (Thur.) CBS-TV debuts an alternate blue-collar B&W version, The Munsters for 70 episodes (until May 12, 1966), starring Frederick Hubbard "Fred" Gwynne (1926-93) as Frankenstein lookalike Fred Munster, Yvonne De Carlo (1922-2007) as his catatonic wife Lily Munster, Al Lewis (1923-2006) as aging vampire Grandpa, Butch Patrick (Patrick Alan Lilley) (1953-) as the son Eddie, Beverley Owen (nee Ogg) (1937-) (for the first 13 episodes, after which she leaves to get married), and Patricia Ann "Pat" Priest (1936-) as "ugly" (beautiful) daughter Marilyn, who all live at spooky 1313 Mockingbird Lane, and think they're as normal as everybody else. On Sept. 18 (Fri.) the animated sci-fi Hanna-Barbera series Jonny Quest (based on the 007 flick "Dr. No") debuts on ABC-TV for 26 episodes (until Mar. 11, 1965), starting out a hit then getting canceled after one season, when it goes into syndication and going the "Star Trek" route of continued popularity until new episodes are produced in 1986. On Sept. 18 (Fri.) 1964 the drama series Twelve (12) O'Clock High debuts on ABC-TV for 78 episodes (until Jan. 13, 1967), based on the 1949 film, starring Robert Lansing (Robert Howell Brown) (1928-94) as Brig. Gen. Frank Sage, who is killed off in episode 1 of season 2, and replaced by younger-looking Paul Burke (1926-2009) as Col. Joe Gallagher, and Patrick Barry Sullivan (1912-94) as his father Lt. Gen. Maxwell Gallagher; the last 17 episodes are in color. On Sept. 18 U.S. destroyers fire on hostile targets in Vietnam. On Sept. 19 "Aquatic Lassie" Flipper, based on the 1963 film starring Chuck Connors debuts on NBC-TV for 88 episodes (until Apr. 15, 1967), about a bottlenose dolphin and his human friend Porter Ricks, chief warden and park ranger at the Coral Key Park and marine Preserve in S Fla., played by Brian Kelly (1931-2005). On Sept. 20-Oct. 16 Charles de Gaulle of France visits 10 South Am. countries, becoming his longest absence since WWII. On Sept. 21 the monarchy of Malta gains independence from Britain, and signs a 10-year mutual defense pact giving Britain the right to station armed forces. On Sept. 22 the TV series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (United Network Command for Law and Enforcement) debuts on NBC-TV for 105 episodes (until Jan. 15, 1968), starring Robert Francis Vaughan (1932-2016) and David McCallum (1933-) as super-cool secret agents Napoleon Solo and Ilya Kuryakin, who battle the evil forces of THRUSH (Technological Hierarchy for the Removal of Undesirables and the Subjugation of Humanity). On Sept. 23 East German PM (since 1949) Otto Grotewohl (b. 1894) dies, and lifelong (since age 14) Communist Willi Stoph (1914-99) becomes PM of East Germany (GDR) (until Oct. 3, 1973) - new boss, same ole stoph? On Sept. 23 U.S. nat. security advisor McGeorge Bundy warns LBJ that a campaign speech he gave is open to a charge of deception for portraying Goldwater as an extremist and claiming strict pres. control of the nuclear arsenal, when actually senior military cmdrs. can use nukes on targets in the upper atmosphere or high seas without consulting him. On Sept. 24 the action-adventure series Daniel Boone debuts on NBC-TV for 165 episodes (until Sept. 10, 1970), starring Fess Elisha Parker Jr. (1924-2010) as 1770s vintage Daniel Boone in Boonesborough, Ky. (who wears his Davy Crockett coonskin cap although the real one didn't), Patricia Blair (1931-) as his wife Rebecca, and Darby Hinton (1957-) as his son Israel; Jewish-Am. pop singer-actor Ed Ames (Edmund Dantes Urick) (1927-) plays Boone's Am. Indian pal Mingo, and next year throws a tomahawk on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson; it starts out B&W then switches to color in fall 1965; too bad, the series plays fast and loose with history, mixing up events by decades to make for dramatic thrills, incl. having Aaron Burr stage his alleged breakaway republic revolt 30 years early; Star Trek later copies the formula of a WASP action hero with a Jewish-Am. sidekick who pretends to be some other non-white race in order to preach the theme of tolerance? On Sept. 25 the Andy Griffith Show spinoff Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. debuts on CBS-TV for 150 episodes (until May 2, 1969), starring James Thurston "Jim" Nabors (1930-) as hick with a heart of gold Gomer Pyle, Frank Spencer Sutton (1923-74) as cranky with a heart of gold Gunnery Sgt. Vince Carter, Ronald Ralph "Ronnie" Schell (1931-) as Gomer's friend Duke Slater, and Elizabeth MacRae (1936-) as Gomer's sexy nightclub singer babe Lou-Ann Poovie. This is the Age of Aquaverups? Another case of history being written by the winning side? On Sept. 24 (Thur.) the Warren Commission delivers to LBJ the 888-page, 296K-word Warren Commission Report, concluding that dead Lee Harvey Oswald acted good enough to win the Oscar, but had no supporting cast, crew, writer, dir. or producer, er, acted alone, and there was no conspiracy anymore, because the coverup is now complete, hold it in your hands, with the immortal soundbyte that if there was a conspiracy, it is "beyond the reach of all the investigative agencies and resources of the United States"; 26 vols. of supporting evidence (20K pages, 10M words) are also provided, with no index; the records are sealed in the Nat. Archives for 75 years (until the year 2039), but the 1966 U.S. Freedom of Info. Act causes all but 1% to be released, after which the 1992 U.S. JFK Records Act changes the date to 2017 (25 years after 1992) (after the conspirators are all dead?); did we mention that a govt. conspiracy and govt. coverup are suspected by anybody with an IQ higher than a jelly doughnut (except Manson prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi (1934-2015), writer Norman Mailer (1928-) et al.), but only after a small group of independent investigators begin digging, incl. Mark Lane (1927-), Sylvia Meagher (1922-89) (who produces a subject index for the Warren Report in 1966), Leroy Fletcher Prouty (1917-2001), Vincent J. Salandria (1926-), and Harold Weisberg (1914-2002), who don't get much media attention until 1966, after which by 2007 1K+ books are pub. on the subject, with the gen. public believing that Oswald didn't act alone, while the pro and anti-conspiracy experts are well entrenched, smug and intransigent; the first in a chain of State Crimes Against Democracy?; speaking of state crimes, Col. Prouty was a specialist in pres. security who was sent off on a wild goose chase assignment out of the U.S. during the assassination by USAF Maj. Gen. Edward Geary Lansdale (1908-87) ("General Y" in the 1991 Oliver Stone film "JFK"), whom he claimed to recognize in the famous Three Tramps Photo walking away from them; speaking of coverup, Am. physicist Luis Walter Alvarez (1911-98) (designer of the exploding bridgewire detonator for the Fat Man A-bomb) proposes the Jet-Recoil Theory to explain why JFK's body jerks backwards if the shot is coming from behind, although Newton's Laws of Motion require the body to go in the direction of the bullet, no matter how it flies apart (unless he's attached to a rubber band), and a jet recoil effect could only come from an exploding bullet, although the fact that JFK's neuromuscular reaction could make him jerk in any direction makes it all academic; the Ramsey Clark Panel meets in Washington, D.C. in 1968, and concludes that JFK was hit by two bullets from above and behind him; by 1978 118 of 1.4K witnesses die, 83 of them from officially unnatural causes, causing a statistical anomaly that proves a conspiracy?; in 1979 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concludes that Oswald killed JFK "probably... as the result of a conspiracy", pointing to a dictabelt recording allegedly from DPD motorcycle cop H.B. McLain, who denies being in Dealey Plaza during the assassination, and no surprise, the U.S. Justice Dept. gets the Nat. Research Council of the Nat. Academy of Science to review the dictabelt evidence, and on May 14, 1982 the 12-scientist Norman F. Ramsey Panel concludes that "reliable acoustic data do not support a conclusion that there was a second gunman"; in 2008 the Discovery Channel claims to have proved that Oswald did it using blood spatter analysis (no account taken of a possible exploding bullet?); Century 6, Quatrain 37 of Nostradamus is later dredged up as predicting the assassination, incl. the Grassy Knoll shooter and Oswald Patsy parts: "The ancient work will be accomplished,/ And from the roof evil ruin will fall on the great man:/ They will accuse an innocent, being dead, of the deed:/ The guilty one is hidden in the misty copse"; speaking of nuts, the nut of the serious Who Killed JFK Conspiracy Theory is that Oswald must have been made to look like he could have possibly done it all by himself in an official DPD investigation, because Oswald is the only one who's officially supposed to be in the Depository, i.e., can't have his presence there covered up, and whoever really did it got away without a trace under the nose of the DPD despite a massive follow-up U.S. govt. investigation, and therefore had to be working for those who were put in the position of doing the investigation, viz., the DPD and the U.S. govt., who really uninvestigated it, i.e., set up and stuck to the Oswald-did-it theory to always keep themselves from becoming suspects by covering up all tracks to the ones on the ground, because uncovering their identies would lead straight to themselves, and they always have the problem that if it was a Commie conspiracy, why they didn't they go after much more anti-Commie LBJ, but knock out left-leaning JFK to put him in the White House?; of course, one must always forgive the DPD, Secret Service, FBI, CIA, MIC, etc. for not stopping little bitty lone gunman Oswald the Wabbit, what a collective lapse, make that two for not stopping little fat lone gunman Ruby the Rabbit, chuckle, hey smart, book your room yet?; suspects for the food chain incl. E. Howard Hunt (1918-2007) (later head of the Watergate Burglars) (paymaster for the assassination?), Richard Nixon (who later shocks Repubs. by appointing Dem. John Connally to his cabinet), George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-) (who was in the CIA since the 1950s, and was in Dallas on the day of the and called the FBI from Dallas on Nov. 22 to frame an innocent person although he later claims not to remember where he was when JFK was assassinated), et al.; "Oh what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive" (Sir Walter Scott); years later the 1991 Oliver Stone film JFK crystallizes public opinion that there was a conspiracy and coverup, and calls it "a military-style ambush from start to finish... a coup d'etat with Lyndon Johnson waiting in the wings"; U.S. mob figures of Chicago and Santo Trafficante Jr. (1914-87) and Carlos Marcello (1910-93) are believed to be involved (either with the killing of JFK, Tippit or Oswald) by some because the Mafia had been working with the CIA to oust Castro before JFK pulled the plug, and turned them against him; Tippit is suspected of having contacts with Oswald and Ruby prior to the assassination; meanwhile "What's My Line?" TV star Dorothy Mae Kilgallen (1913-1965) interviews Jack Ruby and gets his Warren Commission testimony ahead of LBJ, and publicly doubts the commission's findings, claiming to be about to break the case wide open by connecting Ruby with Tippett and David Ferrie, plus a rich Texas oilman, before suddenly Marilyning in her townhouse on Nov. 8, 1965, after which the show chills, er, folds within 15 mo.
We the People, in order to form what? Lone gunman, case closed, not so fast? The too-easy murder of a lone gunman Dallas police officer throws the lone gunman assassin theory into question, and brings the corrupt Dallas Police Dept. (DPD) into the spotlight as key conspirators, sacrificing one of their own so he couldn't talk? If there was a conspiracy, the DPD had to be the stage managers of the assassination and patsy-making process, since they controlled the streets of Dallas where it all took place, didn't they, pick up the flag, you're the zebra, it's way better than fast food, it's Wendy's? If Oswald really was doing it alone, then why wasn't the Secret Service the first to get on his trail? Why did Oswald never have to worry about them, only about the DPD? Duh, the DPD were the stage managers? There was not just one patsy, but three, Oswald, Tippit and Ruby, the three actors who had an official presence on the stage, and who had to be sacrificed to cut the strings to the puppetmasters, the first layer of the onion? First the DPD and Secret Service unprotected JFK to crown their new king LBJ, and made sure he was dead while LBJ was well protected then sworn-in as president as quick as possible so he could run the coverup from the top, then made sure that everybody in the conspiracy except lone gunman Oswald got away second, that their vulnerable DPD man Tippit (one of the JFK shooter team members, perhaps the spotter in the Grass Knoll?) was killed third, that patsy Oswald had no escape route and was picked up with major publicity fourth, and that patsy three killed patsy two on national TV fifth, with the Mafia made man background ensuring that he'll never talk in jail or else they'll torture his family in Sicily, after which they spent all their effort proving that Oswald did it, see him dance like a puppet in a marionette show after his strings are cut? Duh, if the govt. didn't want to take any chances, Oswald was the best man for the job, since he could be relied on to always follow orders? Duh, if Oswald were really doing it alone, why would he even expect to be able to get out of the Depository?
Oswald was like a clown in a circus, allowed to run around in the spotlight in the ring harmlessly, and do all kinds of tricks, but the crowd isn't supposed to notice the circus operation around him? So, even if Oswald did kill JFK all by himself, the real question is who was running the circus that let him do it, then made sure he didn't talk? Answer: the Dallas Police Dept., the stage mangers? They've always been the nut to crack, but alas, it would require making police break the code of silence of the men of blue and put other officers on death row, so don't expect anything soon? One thing for sure, Oswald could be counted on to always follow orders, oh, already said that?
Wouldn't a real lone assassin use a pistol and jump out of the curb somewhere, say, the Grassy Knoll? The real shooters were probably Cuban exile assassins from staunch anti-Commie Richard Nixon's CIA Operation 40, probably dressed in police uniforms, and the police drove them in, allowed them to do the job, then gave them a ride out of Dallas in police cars, where they were then picked up by CIA pilots and flown out of the country, and later murdered so they couldn't get drunk and brag about it in a bar in Costa Rica? Why would lone nut Oswald, with such a great eagle's nest shoot three, count them just three shots at JFK, when he could have stockpiled a thousand rounds of ammo and rigged his body with dynamite so that he could shoot LBJ, Secret Service agents, police, everybody, and take hostages and demand a plane trip to Cuba on TV, crowing how great he and Communism are, and how weak Capitalism is? Why does he act like he's got magic protection after the shooting, until the murder of Tippit, then lose it instantly and fall faster than a falling star? Duh, because his protection was the new president LBJ, whom he and all the other team members, incl. the Dallas PD, CIA, FBI, Secret Service, and Pentagon had already switched allegiance to, but they all had to have a patsy, him? He did he have an escape route, Tippit, who was Oswald's ride and was sent by the stage managers to rendezvous with him, except somebody made sure Oswald lost his ride, then flushed him like a grouse amid screaming sirens to the Texas Theater (to get further instructions from his CIA handler, who never showed up, or was it just a convenient hiding place at the time, better than the library or a random home?), where half the force arrived with mucho reporters to arrest their patsy and drive the official police investigation to closed quick by smuggling their second patsy Ruby into the police station, where everybody could see he was the lone assassin of Oswald, with their help like the first two times, what a nice touch that Ruby left his dog in his car?
Tippit was Oswald's lone contact with the DPD, hence he had to be sacrified before Oswald could be arrested alive, just in case he decided to talk and implicate him? Oswald was told to kill Tippit to sever the last link to his CIA, and also in case Oswald decided later to flop and talk? That's why the rest of the force was held in check until Tippit got knocked off, else why not have half the force assist Tippit, and start by circling his rooming house? Why would Oswald kill off his only ride out of Dallas, did he have another? No, but Tippit's partner who rode in the car with him did, after he offed him?
Or maybe Oswald did kill Tippit on orders from his CIA handlers, because he was the only visible link between the DPD and the whole CIA, then went to the theater waiting for instructions to get another ride when he was suddenly attacked by the police, and said "It's all over now", meaning he just thought he was found out as a cop killer and the cops may be trying to get even before he can get back to the station and receive higher protection? Like he later said in the police station, he didn't even know he was to be charged with the murder of JFK?
The DPD uninvestigated the real shooters and helped them get past the Texas state line out of their jurisdiction, then after Oswald ran into War is Hell, where they could stage-manage his arrest with the proper publicity for the blacked-out nat. TV to make him the only suspect in the public mind, the DPD then made sure that their official investigation kept Oswald as the only suspect, that he was the only one charged and forced to have a day in court, and also that he never got his day in court, while making sure nobody else could ever prove who really did it in any court, after which the FBI ran the federal-level uninvestigation, making sure no new official suspects were created and no evidence was obtained that could be used against them in a state or federal court, while the Secret Service and DPD go on to clean up any loose ends like the bullet hole in the windshield, the fact that JFK's brain was blown out by an explosive bullet, or that more than three shots were fired, but I was there and heard shots from the Grassy Knoll, no you didn't, next witness? Poor Mission: Impossible team member Oswald had to be set up as the only official suspect, despite the incongruous appearance of a leftist instead of a rightist killing leftist JFK, since he was all the CIA had (and was just a storefront leftist?), and had outlived his usefulness, so he was stage-managed via the DPD-supplied contact man Tippit and the CIA-Mafia-supplied contact Ruby? Maybe Oswald shot three times out of the 6th floor window, no, not maybe, for sure, because the DPD made sure he did, they bent over backwards to give him every opportunity, while making sure that nothing was left to chance and JFK was killed no matter how poor a shot the loser was by having some extra shooters firing explosive bullets that don't need a high velocity charge but can be shot from a silenced or even gas powered gun to keep the acoustics of three shots from da window? Not that Oswald was a bad marksman, it was just that JFK was a moving target, how convenient that the Secret Service man hit the brakes to take care of that problem for him?
Why did the stage managers not have the patsy arrested right away, but allow him to leave the Depository untouched, making the DPD look worse than they already did? First, they needed all their available cops to control the scene of their own crime, to make sure the real culprits all got away invisibly to the official police investigation while JFK was certified dead so he couldn't come back to catch them, and two, so they could set him up as a hated sacred cow cop killer to take away possible public sympathy? Oswald really did kill Tippit, but only after Tippit drew on him first and told him he wasn't going to give him a ride anywhere but to the police station to take the rap for everything, because the DA was in the pocket of the stage managers, and would rush to charge the bum with the trainload and then never charge anybody else with a peanut butter sandwich, especially a cop (and especially since Oswald Wabbit is never going to leave the police station alive, hehe?), causing a panic situation, poor dumb cop, I'm outta here and back to spookland, what this city needs is more cops than people, tada, what movie is on today? Not necessary, if the whole affair was being stage-managed and there would be no room for improvisation? Maybe Oswald was given orders by his handlers to kill Tippit by shooting him in the right side of the head under orders just like JFK for later use? The fact that Tippit looks like JFK and that his corpse could be doctored up at will for fake JFK autopsy photos is just a coincidence in the complete absence of any conspiracy, as is the lack of an escape plan for Oswald and the way he was allowed to run around like a flushed wabbit until everything was set, if it's on the 1-yard line he might kick it? Funny how when interviewed in the police station Oswald was more surprised by being charged with killing JFK than Tippit, and how during his arrest he allegedly tried to shoot the cops arresting him? Alas poor Greek tragic figure JFK, it's all his fault, he turned the Mickey Mouse Industrial Complex, CIA, FBI, DPD and Secret Service against him in his desire to be true to the People, esp. the large leftist element in the Dem. Party whose only power was numbers, and of course as a Commie-appeasing pinko was deeply hated by the right-winger Dems. and Repubs., who thought the public couldn't be trusted to elect who they wanted, and former world ruler Britain's rulers wouldn't shed a tear for an Irish Catholic Mick, hence forget 007 saving the world this time, so Mr. Haavaad had nobody left to protect him, and before he could win reelection with a new running mate and wreak another four years of pink underwear hell, it was time for a regime change, yes, he had to go, he really had to go, and he made the mistake of going to LBJ's town, where the DPD were in his pocket, so why not give him what's coming to him, so what if the U.S. has some more dirty laundry, he's just one man and look what we got away with with the Indians, Socialists and Communists, Japanese, etc.?
LBJ, Nixon, Ford and George H.W. Bush were promised the presidency for doing their part, as long as they kiss the feet of Emperor Mickey Augustus Mouse while in office, and Mad Hatter Goldwater is later set up as an unelectable stooge to shoe-in LBJ later, while Humphrey was sandbagged at the 1968 Dem. Nat. Convention by Mayor Daley so that he couldn't win, and McCarthy was either a stooge or somebody lucked out, and Reagan and Carter went with the program, showing that both the Dem. and Repub. Parties are run behind the scenes by a common group, the amorphous Military-Industrial Complex (a tiny number of rich and/or powerful fatcats who like to remain nameless), no different than any non-democratic country, but one big difference, they have to hide and tolerate the People and their processes from time to time and take their chances, being stuck in a women' s prison is every man's fantasy? Members of the same assassination team are later used to kill JFK's brother RFK to stop him from becoming president and getting in a position to catch them, as well as MLK Jr. to reward MLK-hater J. Edgar Hoover for running all the uninvestigations, and now all the regime has to do to stay in power is quell some possible revolts by the left, while continuing the fight against global Communism and its threat to corporate profits with the well-financed MIC, which is what the "Silent Majority" wants, right, duh, gotta fly?
LBJ, having been forced to watch how his owners and trainers could kill a president and remain above the law, knew who owned him, and could be counted on to do what they wanted and never talk? The coverup is complete, play the M:I Theme? Even Obama has to pass the test of ownership by the CIA and MIC, after it switched its scope sights from Communism to Islam?
Too bad, Science will never be able to see back in Time and prove independently who killed JFK and how, but the network is fast to see the commercial possibilities, a little too fast, read on? The only way the case can be cracked now is for one of the men in blue who was involved to leave a diary in a safe deposit box with instructions to open it 25-50 years after his death? You don't have to be a genius to see that Owls Bold was just too lucky a lone gunman, and all those powerful guys with reasons to bump JFK off weren't too stupid to reserve space in Dealey Plaza for their guys, they knew they would never have as good a chance later? If Oswald hadn't existed, wouldn't they have had to invent him? Why does something keep telling me that JFK could not be allowed to leave Dallas alive that day, thus a lone gunmen could not have been trusted with such an important e:I? Why did the FBI not officially alert the DPD to Oswald's background and place him in custody before JFK arrived, and why did somebody at the Pentagon level (the same level that lets out contracts to major defense contracts such as Bell Helicopter) call off the military guard (filled with low-level patriotic grunts that might not go with a conspiracy, although the top brass ordered them too), and why was the presidential limo left bare naked of blocking bodies unless they all wanted their Manchurian Candidate to have a free hand to appear like he coulda done it owl bodly alone, and if people didn't buy that, they could conjure up a shooter in any direction with ease, which indicates that the conspiracy was to let him act alone all he wanted because he couldn't stop them himself? Why would JFK's enemies, the suspects in future conspiracy investigations want Ruby to kill Oswald when it gives them a chance to prove he's a lone gunman in court, and why did LBJ's DPD just let him waltz in and do it on TV, play fill in the blanks and check back with me later, oink oink?
On Sept. 26 the B&W sitcomGilligan's Island debuts on CBS-TV for 98 episodes (until Sept. 4, 1967) (shown in color in 1965-7), giving actor Robert Osbourne "Bob" Denver (1935-2005) another hit role as the goofy "little buddy" Gilligan, first mate of "The Skipper" Jonas Grumby, played by Alan Hale Jr. (1921-90), who are forever marooned on a tiny little island after being beached while on a "3-hour cruise"; Russell David Johnson (1924-2014) plays "The Professor" Roy Hinkley (who can build or fix anything except the hole in the boat), Tina Louise (1934-) plays "The Movie Star" Ginger Grant, Dawn Elberta Wells (1938-2020) plays cute innocent Mary Ann from a farm in Winfield, Kan. (unknown and too dark Raquel Welch auditioned for the part), James Gilmore "Jim" Backus (1913-89) plays "The Millionaire" Thurston Howell III, and Natalie Schafer (1900-91) plays his wife Lovey; Denver later claims that his character's first name is Willie, although it is never mentioned; the must-remember-the-words theme song, The Ballad of Gilligan's Island was written by producer Sherwood Charles Schwartz (1916-2011) and composer George Wyle (Bernard Weissman) (1916-2003). The government starts out with the high ground in the national media, case closed? On Sept. 27 (6:30 p.m. EDT) CBS-TV airs a 100 min. (plus commercials) Special on the Warren Report, hosted by Walter Cronkite and Dan Rather, the first public airing of the contents of the Warren Commission Report, sticking to the report as gospel in an overt attempt to sell it to the public, focusing on the burning question of whether magic man Oswald could have possibly been able to do it all by his little self without help from the angelic Dallas Police, who are sanctimoniously excused for their little security lapses, while leaving wild card Jack Ruby dangling; features Dan Rather trying to explain how a high school dropout who can't learn to drive a car can teach himself Russian, get a job on the parade route after JFK's visit is announced but before the route is decided on, and avoid all of the massive security to set up a sniper nest in plain sight and do all the crack shooting and score two bullseyes with three, count them three shots, then attempt an escape with no escape plan and no tickets booked to anywhere, plus a great interview with mystery woman Ruth Hyde Paine, another with Oswald's doting mother Marguerite claiming he's a govt. agent acting under orders while being treated like she's nuts, and gov. John Connally saying there was no way the bullet that went through JFK's neck was the one that hit him, plus a jailer telling how calm, cool, and collected Oswald was in jail, and police chief Jesse E. Curry saying he wouldn't let the media inside city hall if he had to do it over. In Sept. the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff set up the SIGMA I & II wargames to model how the Commies would react to LBJ's policy of "graduated pressure"; it predicts that bombing has little effect and stiffens their determination as they use stockpiled supplies, after which public support in the U.S. tanks. On Oct. 1 the 130 mph (210 km/h) Tokaido Shinkansen (Jap. "new trunk line") "superexpress" bullet train begins scheduled service from Tokyo to Osaka, Japan, travelling 321 mi. in 3 hours 10 min; the line goes on to expand to most major cities on Honshu and Kyushu islands, reaching speeds of 186 mph (300 km/h). On Oct. 1 the Berkeley Free Speech Movement (FSM) is launched at the U. of Calif. at Berkeley (UCB) by physics student Mario Savio (1943-96) when police arrest CORE volunteer Jack Weinberg (1940-) for setting up an unauthorized table to distribute political material in Sproul Plaza then failing to show an ID, and 3K students surround the police car in a standoff that lasts 32 hours; on Dec. 2 Savio makes a speech on behalf of the FSM that causes hundreds of students to take over Sproul Hall in Berkeley, incl. then soundbyte: "There comes a time when the operation of the machine becomes so odious, makes you so sick at heart, that you can't take part, you can't even passively take part. And you've got to put your bodies on the gears, and upon the wheels, upon the levers, upon all the apparatus, and you've got to make it stop"; on Dec. 3 police move in and arrest 780 (largest mass arrest in U.S. history so far), causing a student strike and protest rally on Dec. 4 by 10K, with speakers incl. Willie Brown and John Burton, after which on Dec. 8 the UC academic senate passes resolutions affirming the rights of students to participate in political activity, causing the regents on Dec. 18 to forbid Vietnam War protests on school property; next Mar. 12 the San Francisco FBI sends a secret 33-page report on Savio to the main HQ. On Oct. 2 a new 1964 Afghan Constitution is promulgated in Afghanistan, with king Muhammed Zahir Shah retaining extensive powers, along with a bicameral legislature which appoints a cabinet; women are granted the vote - baby let me see you smile? On Oct. 3-4 23 men and 31 women escape through a 470-ft. tunnel under the Berlin Wall to West Berlin; on Oct. 5 East German border soldier Egon Schultz (b. 1943) is accidentally killed by a fellow soldier at the site of the tunnel - another coverup, attempted escape maybe? On Oct. 4 the children's animated series Stingray debuts for 39 episodes (until June 27, 1965), starring Troy Tempest, filmed in "Supermarionation". On Oct. 5-12 Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip visit Canada, and are greeted in Quebec by deserted streets. On Oct. 7-15 the St. Louis Cardinals (NL) defeat the New York Yankees (AL) 4-3 to win the Sixty-First (61st) (1964) World Series; black Cardinals pitcher Patrick Robert "Bob" Gibson (1935-) is MVP; on Oct. 16 the Yankees fire mgr. Yogi Berra; too bad, white Giants mgr. (former Cardinals SS) Alvin Ralph "Blackie" Dark (1922-) stinks himself up with comments to Newsday that darkie, er, blackie, er, black and Hispanic players "are just not able to perform up to the white player when it comes to mental alertness", causing him to be fired after the season on the excuse of an extramarital affair - the first PC police action of the 1960s? On Oct. 9 the U.N. Security Council votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 195 to admit Malawi; on Oct. 30 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 196 to admit Malta; on Oct. 30 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 197 to admit Zambia. On Oct. 10-24 the XVIII (18th) Summer Olympic Games are held in Tokyo, Japan, the first to be held in Asia; Japanese Yamato emperor Hirohito opens the games; Yoshinori Sakai (1945-), who was born in Hiroshima on the day the A-bomb was dropped (Aug. 6, 1945) is the final torchbearer; 5,151 athletes (incl. 678 women) from 93 nations compete in 163 events in 19 sports; judo and volleyball are introduced; gold medals: Soviet Union 41, U.S. 37, Japan 16, Germany 13, Britain 5; swimmer Donald Arthur "Don" Schollander (1946-) of the U.S. wins four golds; sprinter Robert Lee "Bullet Bob" Hayes (1942-2002) of the U.S. wins gold in the 100m (10.0 sec.) and 4x100 relay (39.06 sec.), after which he becomes a wide receiver for the Dallas Cowboys, and in 1972 becomes the first man to win an Olympic gold and a Super Bowl ring (until ?); Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia becomes the first marathon repeat winner less than six weeks after having his appendix removed; Peter Snell of New Zealand wins the 800m and 1500m; high jumper Valeri Brumel (1942-2003), who broke six world records since 1961 wins gold; gymnast Larysa Latynina (1934-) of Ukraine brings her career medal total to a record 18; 6'9" power forward Lucious Brown "Luke" Jackson (1941-) leads the U.S. basketball team to a 14-point V against the Soviet Union, going on to play for the Philadelphia 76ers in 1964-72 under the shadow of Wilt Chamberlain; William Warren "Bill" Bradley (1943-) plays on the basketball team, followed by the 1965 NCAA Final Four, then the New York Knicks, becoming a U.S. Dem. Sen. from N.J. in 1979-97. On Oct. 12 blonde blue-blooded liberal Vassar grad. Mary Pinchot Meyer (b. 1921) (JFK's lover up to his assassination, which pissed-off the CIA) is professionally murdered on a walking path by the Potomac River; her ex-hubby Cord Meyer (1920-2001) worked for the CIA since 1949 and founds the United World Federalists who want a OWG, with members incl. Walter Cronkite; on his deathbed Cord says "The same sons of bitches that killed John F. Kennedy" killed her; he ran LBJ's operation to kill JFK? On Oct. 12 the Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 space capsule with a 3-man crew on the first manned mission involving more than one crew member; it returns safely on Oct. 13, upstaging the planned U.S. Gemini program - a good time for a front office switch? On Oct. 12 Indian pres. Lal Bahadur Shastri meets with Pakistani pres. Ayub Khan in Karachi. On Oct. 12 the First Treblinka Trial begins, putting the Nazi death camps on trial, ending next Aug. 24, followed on May 13-July 22, 1970 by the Second Treblinka Trial, which gets camp cmdr. Franz Stangl (1908-71) (arrested in Brazil) a life sentence for killing 900K prisoners, which ends in a heart attack in prison after uttering the soundbyte "My conscience is clear. I was simply doing my duty." On Oct. 14 Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (youngest recipient until ?), and receives it in Oslo on Dec. 10; he has a police record of 15 arrests - guess who's coming to dinner? On Oct. 14-15 after embarrassing them for the last time, shoe-tapping Soviet gen. secy. (since 1953) Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (1894-1971) is ousted from power by the Politburo while vacationing on the Black Sea coast, and replaced as first secy. of the Soviet Communist Party (CPSU) by beetle-browed (not Beatle-browed) Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (1906-82) (until 1982), and as PM by Alexei (Aleksei) Nikolayevich Kosygin (1904-80) (until 1980); (after leaving two "open in an emergency" letters to his successor, the first saying "blame everything on me", the second saying "sit down and write two letters" :), Big K spends the rest of his life under house arrest doing shoeless gardening work. The Beatles-Era PM of Britain? On Oct. 15 British elections result in Oxford-educated Labour Party leader (1963-76) James Harold Wilson (1916-95) (a brain man who became an Oxford don at age 21) becoming PM on Oct. 16 (until June 19, 1970) (5th PM under Elizabeth II) with a majority of four seats (which he increases to 96 in Mar. 1966 elections after getting the Beatles knighted in 1965); he goes on to enjoy a period of low unemployment and economic prosperity while pushing technocracy and presiding over the liberalization of society vis a vis censorship, divorce, homosexuality, abortion, capital punishment, immigration and race relations, and utters the soundbyte "A week is a long time in politics", and coins the phrase "the pound in your pocket"; his pic was taken at age 8 standing on the doorstep of 10 Downing St. On Oct. 16 China explodes its first A-bomb in Lop Nor (Nur), a lake in the Gobi Desert, and becomes nuclear nation #5 (U.S., Soviet Union, Britain, France), and the first Asian country with nukes; China now has some muscle to challenge Russia for leadership of the Communist bloc of nations; Indonesia announces its intent to pursue a nuclear weapons program - the U.S. hope of winning in Vietnam dies right here? On Oct. 22 French novelist Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80) refuses to accept the Nobel Lit. Prize, claiming that extraneous influences might affect the power of his words, with the soundbyte: "A writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution." On Oct. 22 Canada officially adopts its new red-white 11-point Maple Leaf Flag, which is officially proclaimed by Elizabeth II next Feb. 15, becoming known as Nat. Flag of Canada Day; on Dec. 15 Canada's House of Commons approves dropping the Red Ensign flag in favor of the new design. On Oct. 22 the U.S. detonates a 5.3 kiloton nuke at Tatum Salt Dome, 21 mi. from Hattiesburg, Miss. as part of the Vela Uniform program. On Oct. 26 Perth serial killer Eric Edgar Cooke (b. 1931) ("the Night Caller") becomes the last person executed in Western Australia (until ?). On Oct. 26-Nov. 3 the First World Banana Conference is held in Guayaquil, Ecuador (leading banana shipping port) to discuss the problem of low prices and high costs; Ecuadorian banana production jumped from 690K heads in 1945 to 75M this year, with $28M spent in production wages; Chiquita Banana begins running cartoon ads based on actress Carmen Miranda, while the Chiquita Banana Co. ends up paying Columbian terrorists $1.7M for protection. On Oct. 27 Dem.-turned-Repub. Calif. actor Ronald Reagan gives his televised speech A Time for Choosing in support of Repub. pres. candidate Barry Goldwater, backing his "peace through strength" policy and dissing big govt. with its high taxation and creeping Socialism, bringing in a record $8M in donations and launching Reagan's political career, getting him asked to run for Calif. gov.; the speech helps him gain the nickname "the Great Communicator", becoming a conservative manifesto; "And they say if we'll only avoid any direct confrontation with the enemy he'll forget his evil ways and learn to love us. All who oppose them are indicted as warmongers. They say we offer simple answers to complex problems. Well, perhaps there is a simple answer. Not an easy answer, but simple"; "There is a price we will not pay. There is a point beyond which they must not advance"; "On January 15th in the White House, the President [LBJ] told a group of citizens they were going to take all the money they thought was being unnecessarily spent, 'take it from the haves and give it to the have-nots who need it so much.' When Karl Marx said this he put it: 'From each according to his ability, to each according to his need"; "Another articulate spokesman for the welfare state defines liberalism as meeting the material needs of the masses through the full power of centralized government. I for one find it disturbing when a representative refers to the free men and women of this country as the masses, but beyond this the full power of centralized government was the very thing the Founding Fathers sought to minimize. They knew you don't control things; you can't control the economy without controlling people. So we have come to a time for choosing. Either we accept the responsibility for our own destiny, or we abandon the American Revolution and confess that an intellectual belief in a far-distant capitol can plan our lives for us better than we can plan them ourselves"; "Already the hour is late. Government has laid its hand on health, housing, farming, industry, commerce, education, and, to an ever-increasing degree, interferes with the people's right to know. Government tends to grow; government programs take on weight and momentum, as public servants say, always with the best of intentions, 'What greater service we could render if only we had a little more money and a little more power.' But the truth is that outside of its legitimate function, government does nothing as well or as economically as the private sector of the economy"; "It isn't so much that liberals are ignorant. It's just that they know so much that isn't so"; "You and I have a rendezvous with destiny. We can preserve for our children this, the last best hope of man on earth, or we can sentence them to take the first step into a thousand years of darkness. If we fail, at least let our children and our children's children say of us we justified our brief moment here. We did all that could be done." On Oct. 27 Am. singers Sonny and Cher get married; Cher wears bell-bottom pants. On Oct. 29 the 565-carat Star of India along with the 100-carat DeLong Ruby and 20+ other gems valued at $400K are cat-burgled from the Am. Museum of Nat. History in New York City by Jack Roland "Murph the Surf" Murphy (1938-) and two other men; they are recovered next Jan. 8 after the defendants are promised that their 3-year sentence would be reduced to 1 year if they return them. On Oct. 31 U.S. Pres. Johnson gives a speech to a campaign audience at Madison Square Garden in New York City, pledging the creation of his "Great Society". On Nov. 1 North Vietnamese mortar fire on the USAF base in Bien Hoa 10 mi. from Saigon in South Vietnam kills four and wounds 72 U.S. servicemen, and destroys five of 30 B-57 jet bombers (deployed on Aug. 4) plus other planes. On Nov. 2 after his lack of leadership, extravagance and secret drinking problem become too much for his royal princes, who quietly form a consensus to remove him, King (since 1953) Saud (1902-69) of Saudi Arabia abdicates and goes into exile in Greece; he is succeeded by his able, astute, sober brother Faisal (1906-75), who becomes the country's 3rd king (until Mar. 25, 1975), and immediately institutes a modernization program, which religious conservatives call a sell-out to the infidel West, causing Faisal to have to fight them on a day-to-day basis to make progress. Dr. Strangelove versus J.R. for president, or, All my ex's live in Texas? On Nov. 3 after Goldwater repeatedly "shoots from the lip", promising to virtually repeal the New Deal, the Civil Rights Act, and the War on Poverty, as well as break off relations with the Soviet Union, withdraw from the U.N., and fight Communism with nukes, with the campaign slogan "In your heart you know he's right" (answered by the Dem. slogan "In your guts you know he's nuts"), while Lyndon B. Johnson spends the last six weeks of his in-the-bag campaign by trying for a landslide, promising to pass Kennedy's remaining legislation, with the slogan "All the Way for LBJ", and lying to voters that their boys will not fight in Vietnam (he is ready to escalate the war next spring), the 1964 U.S. Pres. Election is a landslide for Johnson with, 486 to 52 electoral (43.1M to 27.2M popular votes of the 61.9% of the electorate who vote for pres.); Goldwater carries Ariz. and five Southern states, incl. S.C., becoming the first Repub. since Reconstruction; Dems. strengthen their control of both houses of Congress; Robert F. Kennedy is elected U.S. Sen. from N.Y.; Alaska, Va., Ind., Idaho, Kans., N.D., S.D., Neb., Okla., Utah, and Wyo. vote Dem. in a pres. election for the last time this cent.; after the defeat, Esquire mag. pub. the article Requiem for a Lightweight by New York Times reporter Charlie Moore, who covered Goldwater's campaign, incl. a speech he made to veterans in Dallas saying that the New York Times is no better than Izvestia. On Nov. 3 after the CIA funnels up to $20M into Chile to insure it, good guy Eduardo Frei Montalva (1911-82) (son of a Swiss-born German father from Austria) of the Christian Dem. Party is elected as pres. #28 of Chile (until Nov. 3, 1970) by 56%-39% over bad guy Marxist Salvador Allende Gossens (1908-73), with the slogan "Revolution in Liberty". On Nov. 4 angry Jewish-Am. comedian Lenny Bruce (1925-66), who was arrested twice in Apr. at the new (since Feb.) Cafe au Go Go in Greenwich Village, N.Y. in the basement of 152 Bleecker St. is convicted of obscenity after a 3-judge panel doesn't buy his defense of calling noted artists to testify that they are full of sh, er, it's his right; on Dec. 22 he is sentenced to 4 mo. in priz, and forever has the threat of rearrest over his head while he appeals, dying before it can be decided; club owner Howard Solomon (1929-2004) is also convicted, and gets his conviction overturned in 1968, and upheld in 1970 by the N.Y. Court of Appeals; in 2003 gov. George Pataki grants Bruce a posth. pardon, the first in N.Y. history; in Oct. 1969 Cafe au Go Go closes after hosting folk and rock acts incl. Big Joe Williams, Tim Buckley, The Paul Butterfield Blues Band, Judy Collins, Odetta, Cream, The Grateful Dead, The Stone Poneys, Jimi Hendrix, Van Morrison, The Chambers Brothers, Canned Heat, The Fugs, Country Joe and the Fish, The Yardbirds et al. On Nov. 5 the NASA Mariner 3 flyby craft is launched from Cape Kennedy; too bad, it fails to achieve a trajectory around Mars and ends up in distant orbit around the Sun. On Nov. 9 the British House of Commons votes to abolish the death penalty; the House of Lords doesn't go along until 1969. On Nov. 9 Eisaku Sato (1901-75) of the Liberal Dem. Party becomes PM #61 of Japan (until July 7, 1972) after ailing PM Ikeda steps down, going on to back Taiwan, refuse to allow reps from the People's Repub. of China to visit, and oppose the entry of the PRC to the U.N. in 1971 along with Nixon's 1972 visit to China. On Nov. 10 Australia begins a draft to fulfill its commitment in Vietnam as well as handle the Indonesians. On Nov. 12 Grand Duchess (since 1919) Charlotte (d. 1985) abdicates, and her son Prince Jean (1921-) becomes grand duke of Luxembourg (until 2000). On Nov. 13 Pope Paul VI donates an expensive tiara to be used for the poor - what about the other zillion expensive treasures in the Vatican? On Nov. 15 the Indian govt. announces that 775K refugees have fled to India from East Pakistan since Jan. On Nov. 18 after compiling a list of secret recordings of his romantic liaisons with women (mainly white), and mailing him the suicide package, consisting of the tapes along with a cover letter reading "You are done, there is but one way out for you", FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover calls Martin Luther King Jr. "the most notorious liar in the country" for accusing Ga. FBI agents of failing to act on complaints filed by blacks; David Garrow later claims that MLK Jr. told him "I'm away from home 25-27 days a month. Fucking's a form of anxiety reduction"; on Dec. 1 King speaks with J. Edgar Hoover about his slander campaign - that cinches it, you're dead? On Nov. 19 the U.S. govt. announces the closing of 95 military bases and facilities, incl. the Brooklyn Navy Yard, Brooklyn Army Terminal, and Ft. Jay in N.Y. On Nov. 21 after the Vatican II bishops approve it by 2,151 to 5, Pope Paul VI promulgates Lumen Gentium (Light of the Nations), the Dogmatic Constitution of the Church, which contains the words "The plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creation. In the first place amongst these are the Mohammedans"; on Nov. 23 Vatican II abolishes Latin as the official language of the Roman Catholic liturgy; on Nov. 29 the U.S. Roman Catholic Church institutes sweeping changes in the liturgy, incl. the use of U.S. English rather than Latin. On Nov. 24 residents of Washington, D.C. vote for the first time since 1800. On Nov. 24 the separatist Socialist United Nat. Liberation Front is founded in Manipur in NE India. On Nov. 25 11 nations give a total of $3B to rescue the value of British currency. On Nov. 28 singer Willie Nelson (1933-) makes his debut perf. at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tenn. On Nov. 28 the Mariner 4 space probe is launched from Cape Kennedy for Mars. On Nov. 28 the U.S. Nat. Security Council incl. Robert S. McNamara, Dean Rusk, and Gen. Maxwell Taylor agree on a 2-stage plan to escalate bombing in North Vietnam, and recommend it to Pres. Johnson, who agrees to it on Dec. 1 - glad that pesky JFK is out of the way? On Nov. 30 the Russian Zond 2 Mars flyby craft is launched; in May, 1965 it loses contact. On Nov. 30 the the body of Karyn Kupcinet (b. 1940) is found in Los Angeles, Calif. two days after death; a few days before JFK's assassination she tried to place a long distance call, and the operator allegedly heard her scream that JFK was going to be killed; just one of 100+ suspicious deaths involving the JFK assassination. On Dec. 1 Gustavo Diaz Ordaz (1911-79) of the PRI succeeds Adolfo Lopez Mateos as pres. of Mexico (until Nov. 30, 1970). On Dec. 2 Brazil sends Juan Peron back to Spain as a persona non grata the same day he lands in Argentina, foiling his efforts to return to his native land. On Dec. 6 NBC-TV debuts the stop motion animated TV special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, based on the 1949 Johnny Marks song and narrated by Burl Ives as Sam the Snowman, featuring the voice of Canadian voice actress Billie Mae Richards (1921-2010) as Rudolph, and Paul Soles as Hermey the Elf, who wants to become a dentist instead of making toys (the original Carson Kressley?), going on to be telecast every year until ?, switching to CBS in 1972 and becoming the longest continuously running Christmas TV special in history (until ?). On Dec. 6 race riots between Africans and Arabs erupt in Khartoum, Sudan, killing 10 and injuring 400 incl. several Americans. On Dec. 6 Italian pres. (since 1962) Antonio Segni retires after contracting paralysis, and outspoken atheist Cesare Merzagora (1898-1991) becomes temporary pres. until Dec. 29, when foreign minister (since 1937) Giuseppe Saragat (1898-1988) (a moderate Socialist) is elected pres. of Italy (until 1971). On Dec. 6 the U.N. releases data showing the world pop. at 3.283B at midyear, and growing by 60M a year; China has a pop. of 690M, India 468.5M (10M more each year); Central Am. has the fastest-growing pop. at 2.7% per year; Europe has the lowest at 0.9% per year. On Dec. 6 the 1-hour stop-animated special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer debuts on NBC-TV, becoming a Christmas tradition and the longest-running TV holiday special (until ?). On Dec. 8 mobs attack the 16K-vol. U.S. library in Surabaya, capital of East Java, damaging 25% of of the books, becoming the 4th attack on U.S. libraries in Indonesia since last May and the 2nd in four days. On Dec. 11 Che Guevara addresses the U.N. Gen. Assembly in Spanish, complaining about U.S. imperialism, and almost getting stabbed by a Cuban exile. On Dec. 12 after PM (since 1961) Cheddi B. Jagan of British Guiana is accused by the British govt. of Communist connections and ousted, black moderate Socialist Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham (1923-85) becomes PM of British Guiana (Guyana on May 26, 1966) (until Oct. 6, 1980). On Dec. 13 Pres. Johnson and Mexican pres. Gustavo Diaz Ordaz set off an explosion in El Paso, Tex. that diverts the Rio Grande River and reshapes the U.S.-Mexican border to end a cent.-old dispute. On Dec. 14 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules unanimously in Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. that the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act requires public accommodations to refrain from racial discrimination; on Dec. 14 it also rules unanimously in Katzenbach v. McClung that the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act applies to restaurants because it serves food that has moved in interstate commerce, stretching it to apply to virtually all businesses. On Dec. 19 the remains of French Resistance hero Jean Moulin (1889-1943) are placed in the Pantheon in Paris for the 20th anniv. of French liberation. On Dec. 21 after the injustice of the 1953 Derek Willim Bentley hanging gets to them, the British Parliament votes to abolish the death penalty. On Dec. 23 a cyclone hits India and Ceylon, killing 4,850. On Dec. 23 pirate radio station Wonderful Radio London begins broadcasting U.S. top-40 tunes. On Dec. 24 the U.S. HQ in Saigon is hit by a bomb, killing two officers. On Dec. 24 the black-owned newspaper Chicago Defender reports that Martin Luther King Jr. believes there will be a black U.S. pres. in 25 years, lowering the 40-year estimate of Sen. Robert F. Kennedy; it actually takes 44 years. On Dec. 30 Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (1928-) becomes U.S. Dem. Sen. from Minn. (until Dec. 30, 1976). On Dec. 30-31 the Indian govt. arrests members of of the pro-Chinese wing of the Communist Party for plotting a violent rev. to coincide with another Chinese invasion. In Dec. a cold wave strikes the NE U.S., forcing school and highway closings; in New York State 100K people flee their homes for shelters because of power failures; in Eastport, Maine 40 in. of snow falls in one week; raging floodwaters force thousands from their homes in N Calif., Ore., and Idaho, extensively damaging W Ore. In Dec. after deciding to name Univ. of Calif. pres. (1958-67) Clark Kerr (1911-2003) (who was criticized as too lenient to the students by the regents) as U.S. secy. of HEW, a slanted FBI report filled with false allegations makes him drop him; in 2002 the FBI releases documents showing that he had been blacklisted as part of a campaign to suppress people at UC deemed subversive. Haitian dictator-pres. (since 1957) Papa Doc Duvalier declares himself pres. for life (until Apr. 21, 1971), forming the Tonton Macoutes (Bogeymen) private goon squad to rule Haiti with an iron hand, changing the colors of the country's flag from red and blue to red and black - there's something about a bogeyman in uniform? Ayatollah Khomeini is exiled from Iran to France - I'll be baaack? Normally hardline Raul Castro says that Cuba is willing to hold talks with the Americans "even on the Moon". The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan is formed by disgruntled leaders of the Kurdish Dem. Party, but Mustafa al-Barzani obtains Iranian help to keep his position as leader of the strongest Kurdish faction in Kurdistan. The Bahamas (a crown colony since 1717) are granted internal self-govt. by Britain. Guatemala establishes gun control, leaving the Mayans unable to defend themselves from ethnic cleansing, with 100K killed by 1981. The Vietnamese Flood of 1964 of the Red River on ? kills 10K. Anglo-passing Horacio Rivero Jr. (1910-2000) becomes the first Puerto Rican and 2nd Hispanic 4-star adm. in the U.S. Navy (first David Glasgow Farragut). The Hutu of Rwanda begin massacring Tutsi, causing many to flee to the neighboring kingdom of Burundi; the Tutsi are supported by the Chinese Communists even though they have a feudal society. The increasingly xenophobic Repub. of the Philippines restricts retail trade to Philippine nationals. France passes a Law Against Crimes Against Humanity, suspending the statute of limitations, which is used against Nazis. After black laborers are brought in to replace striking Indian workers on plantations in British Guiana (Guyana), riots erupt, killing 176. The Nat. Labor Convention (CNT) is founded in Uruguay by trade unions. The one millionth guest worker arrives in Germany. The British govt. changes the August Bank Holiday to the last Monday of the month. The U.S. Congress declares bourbon to be the nat. spirit. The U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Act is passed, creating the U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Admin. with $375M to provide as matching funds to cities and states. The Appalachian Regional Commission, sponsored by U.S. Sen. (1958-85) Jennings Randolph (1902-98) (D-WV) is created to funnel federal funds into 13 Appalachian states for public works and economic development - free Mountain Dew? Juanita Castro (1933-), sister of Cuban dictator Fidel Castro and Raul Castro, who broke with them and began cooperating with the CIA goes into exile; the secret is kept until 2009. The British govt. contracts its ballistic missile defense to the U.K. div. of RCA, AKA Serco Group, "probably the biggest company you've never heard of" (The Guardian). The U.S. Coast Guard adopts the Racing Stripe Symbol, consisting of narrow blue and broad red bars with a narrow white stripe between them, along with the USCG shield, all canted at a racy 64 deg. angle (get it?), which coast guards in several other countries later adopt - wanna race, suckah? The Ho Chi Minh Trail is improved into a real road that can handle trucks; meanwhile U.S. WWII-era Douglas C-47 Skytrain "Gooney Bird" cargo planes (modified DC-3s) are modified for side-firing use in Vietnam, becoming known as "Puff the Magic Dragon" for their super firepower, and "Spooky" for their callsigns. The U.S. Army builds nuclear-powered Camp Century in Greenland as an early warning base for Soviet missiles. The U.S. Navy begins its SeaLab I/II experiment off the Bermuda coast and La Jolla Calif. to see if divers can survive on a helium-oxygen mix; Navy dolphin Tuffy carries tools and messages to it. The U.S. Defense Dept. conducts the secret Shipboard Hazard and Defense Project, spraying sarin and VX nerve gases and staphylococal enterotoxin B (SEB) over Navy ships in six tests between this year and 1968 to test their vulnerability to attack; it is covered-up until May 23, 2002; meanwhile British conducts secret germ warfare experiments over London and S England, releasing bacillus globigii, serratia marcescens and E. Coli 162, claiming that they had all been rendered harmless first. The Val Doonican Show debuts on BBC-TV, starring Irish singer Michael Valentine "Val" Doonican (1927-) (until 1986). A new mountain range, the 1.5K-mi.-long Owen Fracture Zone underneath the Indian Ocean, extending from the coast of Pakistan to almost the equator near the coast of Africa (boundary between and Indian and Arabian tectonic plates) is discovered by the British ship HMS Owen. Rene Etiemble (René Étiemble) (1909-2002) coins the term "Franglais" for the adoption of Am. English words into French. Jane Barbe (1928-2003) makes the famous voice recordings for the time of day, along with the "I'm sorry, but the number you have dialed..." messages used by the U.S. phone system. N.H. sets up a state lottery. San Francisco cable cars become a U.S. nat. historic landmark. Big and Little Petroglyph Canyons in Calif. NW of the Mojave Desert, containing over 20K Indian petroglyphs is designated as a U.S. nat. historic landmark. Western Union begins using transcontinental microwave transmissions for its telegraph service. Metal beer kegs are introduced in Germany. The U.S. State Dept. establishes the Arts in Embassies Program, allowing ambassadors to select works by U.S. artists for their embassies; in 1986 the non-profit Friends of Art and Preservation in Embassies is founded to help them acquire works - tell me who's watching? The first two sperm banks open in Tokyo and Iowa City - penalty for early withdrawal? Theatre du Soleil is founded in France. An access road is built to the summit of Mauna Kea on Hawaii Island, causing a rush to build telescopes, reaching 13 by 2016. Disney Co. begins to secretly buy 27K acres of land in C Fla. for $5M for a theme park in Orlando, which is announced next Oct. 21 by the Orlando Sentinel. The church office in Hollywood closes, and within 6 mo. films switch from wholesome family fare such as "Mary Poppins" to smut? Pres. Johnson awards a unusual collection of honorees the Pres. Medal of Freedom: T.S. Eliot (1888-1965), Carl Sandburg (1878-1967), John Steinbeck (1902-68), Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), Samuel Eliot Morison (1887-1976), William de Kooning (1904-97), Aaron Copland (1900-90), Walter Lippmann (1889-1974), Edward R. Murrow (1908-65), Hellen Keller (1880-1968), and Walt Disney (1901-66). New York Times journalist David Halberstam (1934-2007) wins a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting on the Vietnam War, incl. his eyewitness account of the self-immolation of Thich Quang Duc; it is later revealed that the FBI tracked him from the mid-1960s until the late 1980s, compiling a 98-page dossier as he gets most of his info. from secret North Vietnamese agent Pham Xuan An (1927-2006) AKA Hai Trung and Tran Van Trung. Longtime Disney actor Tommy Kirk (1942-) is abruptly fired after they discover that he's gay - how did they discover it? The Council on Religion and the Homosexual is founded in San Francisco, Calif. by Rev. Robert Warren Cromey (1931-) of St. Aidan's Episcopal Church and Rev. Robert Theodore "Ted" McIlvenna (1932-) of Glide Memorial Church to bring together straight religious leaders and gay activists for a "continuing dialogue"; too bad, a gay drag Mardi Gras Ball on Dec. 31 (New Year's Eve) is raided by the pigs, causing a legal battle over harassment and discrimination that gets them mucho publicity and helps make San Francisco a gay mecca; in 1968 Cromey performs a wedding ceremony for a lezzie couple, followed by one for a gay male couple in 1982; in 1999 after a lifetime of spiritual growth, Cromey pub. Sex Priest, with the soundbyte: "Priests are sexual creatures. We masturbate, have intercourse, anal and oral sex, same gender sex, commit adultery, bestiality, incest, fornicate, enjoy bondage, abuse children and commit any and all forms of sex known to human beings. We spend most of our time in ministry but we are sexual beings too. Most priests, bishops, deacons, ministers, mullahs and rabbis in the world religions are sex positive in their outlook. We enjoy ecstasy, orgasm, pleasure and joy in our sexuality. We love to kiss, fondle and embrace. We enjoy fucking, sucking and licking." The Aryan Brotherhood (AB) (The Brand) Neo-Nazi white supremacist gang is founded in San Quentin State Prison in Calif. by Irish-Am. bikers in reaction to the Black Panthers, with the motto "Kill or be killed"; their logo is a shamrock and swastika. The Dr. H.P. Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics is founded, with the first award going to Erwin Chargaff; more prizes are added for art (1988), medicine (1989), history (1990), environmental sciences (1990), and cognitive sciences (2006); by 2015 13 winners also win Nobel Prizes. Arthur Findlay College in Essex, England is founded for psychics, producing grads incl. John Holland (1961-). The Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids (OBOD) is founded in England, going on to spread hoods and robes worldwide. English actor Peter Sellers has a non-fatal heart attack; "Dad clung frantically to the belief that he was a survivor... and would live until he was seventy-five" (son Michael Sellers). The New York State Theater in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, designed by Philip Johnson opens, becoming the home of the New York City Opera and the New York City Ballet. "Brandied fruitcake of a publisher" convicted felon Ralph Ginzburg begins pub. the mag. Fact in New York City from Jan., 1964 to Aug. 1967, becoming the first mag. to pub. Ralph Nader; too bad, it pub. the article "1,189 Psychiatrists Say Barry Goldwater is Unfit for the Presidency", based on a a questionnaire to pshrinks, claiming that he is paranoid, sexually insecure, suicidal and "grossly psychotic", causing Goldwater to sue for libel and win $1 in compensatory damages and $75K in punitive damages. After a false start at age 7, English medium Rosemary Isabel Brown (nee Dickeson) (1916-2001) begins channeling original compositions from dead composers incl. Bach, Brahms, Beethoven, Mozart, Liszt, Chopin, Schubert, Grieg, Debussy, Schumann, and Rachmaninoff; too bad, they seem to have all lost most of their originality. German artist Dieter Roth (1930-98) invents Biodegradable Art, covering his paintings with cheese, yogurt, and other foodstuffs, plastering them over then letting them rot, causing him to become known as "Dieter Rot"; in 1968 he creates "A Pocket Room by Dieter Rot", consisting of a banana slice on a print of a kitchen table in a box; by 1972 he has worked up to "Rabbit-Shit Rabbit". Western countries go ape for the Twist, with the Frug, Funky Chicken, Monkey, and Watusi varieties coming and going, along with discotheques with go-go girls. Tap-dancing token nig, er, Arthur Duncan (1933-) is hired by the Lawrence Welk Show (until 1982), becoming the first token, er, African-Am. to regularly appear on a sponsored U.S. TV variety program. The Gospel Singing Jubilee syndicated TV show debuts in the U.S., featuring the Florida Boys. The Guarneri String Quartet is founded by violinists Arnold Steinhardt (1937-) and John Dalley (1935-), violist Michael Tree (1934-), and cellist David Soyer (1923-), who is replaced in 2001 by Peter Wiley (1955-); they go on to tour the world several times until retiring in fall 2009. The Academy of Country Music is founded in Nashville, er, Memphis, er Los Angeles, Calif. Jazz trumpeter Bill Dixon (1925-2010) organizes the Oct. Revolution in Jazz at the Cellar Cafe in Manhattan, N.Y., becoming the first free jazz festival, featuring Jimmy Giuffre, Andrew Hill, Sheila Jordan, Steve Lacy, Sun Ra, Cecil Taylor et al., leading to the formation of the Jazz Composers Guild and the Jazz Composer's Orchestra, which releases the album Communication (1965), and the double album The Jazz Composer's Orchestra (1968); Dixon goes on to become a prof. of music at Bennington College in Vt. in 1968-95. The U. of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland is founded. The David and Lucille Packard Foundation is founded to fund conservation and science. Am. architect William Vaughan Shaw (1924-97) and Am. photogapher Ansel Adams (1902-84) found the Foundation for Environmental Design to promote architecture that harmoniously blends with the environment; Shaw utters the soundbyte "We have art critics, music critics, theater critics, but we don't have any environmental critics. We need them badly, and I guess that's what you call us." Bard College at Simon's Rock in Great Barrington, Mass. is founded for students to skip h.s. after the 10th-11th grade. Lou Adler (1933-) (husband of Shelley Fabares) et al. found Dunhill Records, whose clients incl. Jan & Dean, Sam Cooke, The Mamas and the Papas, Johnny Rivers, Barry McGuire, and The Grass Roots; in 1967 it sells out to ABC Records for $3M; Adler goes on to produce the 1967 Monterey Internat. Pop Festival; he later becomes known for sitting alongside Jack Nicholson at L.A. Lakers NBA games. Sir Trevor Robert Nunn (1940-) becomes artistic dir. of the Royal Shakespeare Co. (until 1986), going on to produce a televised version of "Antony and Cleopatra" in 1974, starring his first wife Janet Suzman, and a musical adaptation of "The Comedy of Errors" in 1976, followed by a film version of "Macbeth" (starring Ian McKellen and Judi Dench) in 1976, and "Othello" (starring Ian McKellen and Imogen Stubbs) in 1990; in 1981 he dir. the English version of the musical "Cats", followed by the first English production of "Les Miserables" in 1985; in 1994 he marries Imogen Stubbs; in 1996 he dir. a film version of "Twelfth Night"; in 2004 he dir. "Hamlet", starring Ben Whishaw as Hamlet and Imogen Stubbs as Gertrude at the Old Vic Theatre in London; in 2007 he dir. "King Lear", which plays at Stratford-upon-Avon followed by a world tour, starring Ian McKellen, debuting on BBC on Boxing Day, 2008. Nat King Cole makes his final TV appearance on The Jack Benny Program, singing "When I Fall in Love". The Academy of Country Music (originally the Academy of Country and Western Music) is founded in Encino, Calif. by "Release Me" songwriter Edward Monroe "Eddie" Miller (1919-77) et al. to promote country music in the 13 Western states. Soviet serial murderer Boris Vasiliyevich Gusakov (1938-70) begins a string of rape-murders on girls and young women, reaching 15 rapes and five murders by the time he is arrested in 1968, after which he is executed by firing squad in Moscow in 1970. Conrad Hilton (1887-1979) sells his hotel interests outside of North Am. to the Hilton Group; Hilton Hotels buys it back in 2005 for $5.7B. The Main Point folk music coffeehouse in Bryn Mawr, Penn. opens, known for its small intimate atmosphere, hosting folk music acts incl. Arlo Guthrie, Leonard Cohen, Tim Hardin, Richie Havens, Joni Mitchell, Phil Ochs, Odetta, and Dave Van Ronk, helping launch the career of Bruce Springsteen and becoming one of the favorite venues of Dan Fogelberg. Koji Kobayashi (1907-96) becomes pres. of NEC (Nippon Electric Co.), followed by chmn. in 1976-88, going on to build NEC into a world electronics leader, coining the slogan "C&C" (computers and communications). Real chicken Col. Harland Sanders (1890-1980) sells his Kentucky Fried Chicken Corp. (minus the Canadian franchise) for $2M to private investors, who resell it in 1971 for $285M to Heublein Inc., which is acquired in 1982 by R.J. Reynolds, who sells it in 1986 to PepsiCo; meanwhile Sanders sues Heublein in 1973 for using his image without his permission, and Heublein unsuccessfully sues him for calling their gravy "sludge" with a "wallpaper taste". Benihana Japanese Steakhouse Restaurants are founded in New York City by flashy playboy Hiroaki "Rocky" Aoki (1938-2008), wowing Yankees with chefs who prepare meals at their tables teppan-yaki style, giving a dazzling slice-and-dice performance. Pepsi-Cola begins marketing Mountain Dew brand soda pop after purchasing the formula from William Henry "Bill" Jones, who invented it in the 1940s in Lumberton, N.C. The first Blimpie submarine sandwich shop is opened in Hoboken, N.J. by three high school friends, Tony Conza, Peter DeCarlo, and Angelo Baldassare; sandwiches sell for 35-95 cents. Duracell brand batteries appear on the market to compete with Eveready. The first Habitat home furnishings store is opened in London, England on May 11 by Sir Terence Orby Conran (1931-). Ford Motor Co. introduces passenger safety features incl. collapsing steering wheels and padded dashboards, to loud customer yawns. Dallas, Tex.-born Mexican-Am. pop star Trini Lopez (1937-2020) designs the Trini Lopez Standard and Trini Lopez Deluxe guitars for the Gibson Guitar Corp. Mattel introduces Barbie's sister Skipper. The Teen Titans debut in DC Comics' "The Brave and the Bold" #54, incl. Kid Flash, Robin, and Aqualad, later Wonder Girl. The Sunbeam Tiger is produced as a high-performance V8 version of the Sunbeam Alpine roadster (until 1967), designed by Carroll Shelby. The Yoplait yogurt brand is launched in Boulogne-Billancourt, France by 100K French farmers who merge the two giant cooperatives Yola and Coplait along with four others to form the coopeative Sodiaal; the logo is a 6-petaled flower designed by Philippe Morlighem to represent the six main cooperatives; on May 18, 2011 Gen. Mills acquires 51%. Tata Tea Ltd. is founded in Calcutta (Kolkata), West Bengal, India, growing to a 25% market share in India by 1999; in 2000 it acquires Tetley Group of the U.K. Architecture: On Feb. 29 the 3-wing Y-shape $27M Ilikai Hotel (begun 1961) at the W end of Waikiki in Honolulu, Hawaii opens, developed by local self-made millionaire ("the Chinese Rockefeller") Chinn Ho (1904-87) (first Asian to crack Hawaii's bamboo curtain and get his foot in the door of the haole establishment incl. buying the Honolulu Star-Bulletin in 1961), and designed by Seattle Space Needle architect John Graham Jr. (1908-91), becoming the first luxury high-rise hotel in Hawaii, featuring 504 hotel rooms with kitchens, 509 condominium units, and an external glass elevator running up to the rooftop restaurant; the 360-room Yacht Harbor Tower is immediately added; the bldg. is featured in the balcony scene in the opening credits of the TV series Hawaii Five-O, with one of the detectives in the series named Chin Ho Kelly. In Mar. the 3.6-mi. Great St. Bernard Tunnel, the first all-weather vehicular passage in the Swiss-Italian Alps opens, connecting Martigny, Switzerland with Aosta, Italy, becoming the world's longest tunnel (until 1965). On June 23 the Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt Bridge (begun 1960) over the Potomac River between Washington, D.C. and Va. opens; it serves as the W end of Constitution Ave. On Nov. 21 the $325M, 200K-ton (75 cents/lb.), 4,260-ft.-long double-decked Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (Verrazzano) (begun Aug. 13, 1959), designed by Swiss-born civil engineer Othmar Hermann Ammann (1879-1965), and named after Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano (1485-1527) (first Euro to cross the Narrows in 1524) opens, linking Brooklyn on Long Island with Staten Island over the Narrows, becoming the world's longest suspension bridge (until 1981), 60 ft. longer than the Golden Gate Bridge and 750 ft. longer than the 1931 Geo. Washington Bridge, which Ammann also designed; it marks the gateway to New York Habor as all ships arriving at the Port of New York and New Jersey pass underneath it; in 1976 the Staten Island end becomes the starting point of the New York City Marathon. The Akosombo Dam (begun 1961) on the Volta River in Ghana is built, creating Lake Volta next year. The 361 ft. (110m) titanium Monument to the Conquerors of Space is erected in Moscow to celebrate Soviet space explorers; its base houses the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics (1981). The Salang Tunnel through the Hindu Kush linking N and S Afghanistan opens, becoming the world's highest tunnel (11,034 ft. alt.). Monte Cassino Abbey, founded in the 6th cent. by St. Benedict of Benedictine Rule fame then destroyed by the Allies on Feb. 15, 1944 is rebuilt by the Italian govt. and reconsecrated by Pope Paul VI. The IBM Aerospace Bldg. in Los Angeles, Calif. designed by Eliot Fette Noyes (1910-77) (designer of the IBM Selectric Typewriter) is completed; Noyes goes on to design the IBM bldg. in Garden City, N.Y. (1966), the IBM Pavilion Hemisfair in San Antonio, Tex. (1968), and the IBM Mgt. Development Center in Aramonk, N.Y. (1980); meanwhile he designs a new look for Mobile gas stations. Sports: On Jan. 5 the San Diego Chargers (southernmost team in the league) defeat the Boston Patriots 51-10 to win their first AFL title. On Jan. 7 Operation AstroBowl sees bowling champ Dick Weber bowl the highest altitude game ever in a Boeing 707 en route from New York to Washington, D.C. On Feb. 23 the 1964 (6th) Daytona 500 is won by Richard Lee Petty (1937-) (son of Lee Petty) (#43) in a 1964 Plymouth; this year Petty wins 27 NASCAR races in his new 750 hp Chrysler 426 Hemi, rocking the auto racing world. World blacks get an incorruptible black-is-beautiful hero after he defeats a scary black monster and makes it look easy? On Feb. 25 bigmouth underdog Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. (1942-) shakes up the world when he KOs unbeatable WBA world heavyweight boxing champ (since 1962) Charles L. "Sonny" Liston (1928-71) in Miami Beach, Fla. in round 7 after Liston refuses to come out of his corner, claiming a left shoulder injury, leading to rumors of a fix, becoming world heavyweight boxing champ #22 (until 1967); in round 5 Clay had to fight blind after he got a caustic substance in his eyes from Liston's face; after winning, Clay gives his I Shook Up the World Speech to the press, with the immortal soundbyte "I am the greatest" (inspired by wrestler Gorgeous George), also "He wanted to go to heaven, so I took him in seven"; the FBI suspects that the fight was fixed by Las Vegas mobsters, but never proves it or implicates Ali; Clay's connections with the Nation of Islam and Malcolm X are covered up by the press until he wins and asks the press to forget his "slave name" and call him Cassius X; on Mar. 6 Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad gives him the new name Muhammad Ali, and suspends Malcolm X from the org., causing him to announce on Mar. 8 that he is forming his own black nationalist party, formally quitting on Mar. 12; Clay officially becomes Black Muslim Muhammad Ali next Feb. 5. On Mar. 7 the Cheltenham Gold Cup sees Irish Thoroughbred champion steeplechaser Arkle (1957-70) avenge a defeat by defeating English champion Mill House (1957-) by 5 lengths in a 2-horse race that is in reality a nat. rivalry; the disgruntled Brits force Arkle to carry 2.5 stones more weight than the other horses in the 1964 Irish Grand National, which he still wins by 1 length; in 1965 Arkle crushes Mill House in a Gold Cup rematch by 20 lengths; Arkle became a nat. hero in Ireland, often referred to as Himself, and said to drink Guinness twice a day; Dominic Behan releases a hit ballad titled Arkle. On Apr. 11-25 the 1964 Stanley Cup Finals see the Toronto Maple Leafs defeat the Detroit Red Wings 4-3, becoming their 2nd straight matchup and Toronto's 3rd straight win; the last game 7 at Maple Leaf Gardens until 1993. On Apr. 17 Wilver Dornell "Willie" Stargell (1940-2001) of the Pittsburgh Pirates hits the first homer in the first game played in the new $28.5M Shea Stadium (begun in Oct. 1961) in Flushing, N.Y., on a site that N.Y. planning czar Robert Moses originally wanted the Brooklyn Dodgers to move to before they left for Los Angeles; the last game is played on Sept. 28, 2008. On Apr. 23 Kenneth Travis "Ken" Johnson (1933-) (righty) of the Houston Colt 45s becomes the first ML pitcher to lose a 9 inning no-hitter when the Cincinnati Reds win by 1-0 after Peter Edward "Pete" Rose Sr. (1942-) reaches 2nd base on an error by Johnson, followed by 3rd on a ground-out, then scores on a 2nd error, after which he appears on "I've Got a Secret", where Henry Morgan calls the loss "the saddest story of the year"; the next time is ?. On Apr. 26 after widening the foul lane from 12 ft. to 16 ft. the 1964 NBA Finals sees the Boston Celtics win a record 6th straight NBA basketball title, upping it to eight in 1965-6, longest in NBA history (until ?). On May 2 a Chinese expedition led by Xu Jing becomes the first to climb 26,335 ft. (8,027m) Mount Shishapangma ("meat of dead animals and malty dregs") (AKA Gosainthan or Abode of God) in Tibet, 14th highest mountain on Earth, using the northern (easiest) route, becoming the last 8km peak to be climbed. On May 4 the 1964 NBA Draft sees nine teams select 101 players in 15 rounds; after an undefeated 1963-4 season, the NCAA championship, AP's MVP award, and a Sports Illustrated cover featuring him with the headline "UCLA is the champ. Walt Hazzard drives through Duke", followed by a position on the 1964 gold medal U.S. Olympic basketball team, 6'2" guard Walter Ralphael "Walt" Hazzard Jr. (Mahdi Abdul-Rahman) (1942-2011) of UCLA (#42) is the territorial pick of the Los Angeles Lakers (#42), moving to the Seattle SuperSonics (#42) in 1967 before being traded for Lenny Wilkens to the Atlanta Hawks (#42) in 1968, then moving to the Buffalo Braves (#42) in 1971-2, and the Golden State Warriors (#1/#44) in 1972-3, becoming head coach of the UCLA men's basketball team in 1985-8; 6'8" center George Wilson (1942-) of the U. of Cincinnati is the territorial pick of the Cincinnati Royals (#17); 6'8" forward-center Velvet James "Jim" "Bad News" Barnes (1941-2002) of Texas Western U. is selected #1 by the New York Knicks (#22), moving to the Baltimore Bullets (#41) in 1965-6, the Los Angeles Lakers (#23) in 1966-8, the Chicago Bulls (#14) in 1968, Boston Celtics (#28) in 1968-70, and the Baltimore Bullets (#12) in 1970; 6'5" guard-forward Joe Louis "Pogo Joe" "Jumping Joe" Caldwell (1941-) of Ariz. State U., known for his tenacious defense is selected #2 by the Detroit Pistons (#21), switching to the St. Louis Hawks (#27) in 1965-70 before jumping to the ABA Carolina Cougars in 1970-5, becoming one of the few players to be an All-Star in the NBA and ABA; after leading the U.S. men's basketball team to a gold medal in the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo, 6'9" forward-center Lucious Brown "Luke" Jackson (1941-) of Pan Am. U. is selected #4 by the Philadelphia 76ers (#54), playing under the shadow of Wilt Chamberlain for eight seasons (until 1972); 6'4" guard-forward Jeffrey Vincent "Jeff" Mullins (1942-) of Duke U. (#44) is selected #5 by the St. Louis Hawks (#44), moving to the San Francisco Warriors (#23) in 1966-76, then becoming head coach of the U. of N.C. Charlotte 49ers in 1985-96; 6'10" forward-center Willis Reed Jr. (1942-) of Grambling State U. is selected #8 by the New York Knicks (#19), winning NBA rookie of the year in 1965, retiring in 1974 then returning as head coach in 1977-8, followed by the New Jersey Nets in 1987-9; 6'7" forward-center Paul Theron Silas (1943-) of Creighton U. (#35) (who averaged 20.6 rebounds per game in 1963, setting an NCAA record for most rebounds in three seasons) is selected #10 by the St. Louis Hawks (#29), moving to the Phoenix Suns (#12) in 1969-72, the Boston Celtics (#35) in 1972-6, the Denver Nuggets (#36) in 1976-7, and the Seattle SuperSonics (#35) in 1977-8, retiring with 10K points and 10K rebounds, then becoming head coach of the San Diego Clippers in 1980-3, followed by the Charlotte Hornets in 1999-2003, the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2003-5, and the Charlotte Bobcats in 2010-12; 6'5" forward-guard Gerald Eugene "Jerry" Sloan (1942-) Evansville U. is selected #19 by the Baltimore Bullets, sitting out the season to stay in college, then being selected #4 in 1965 by the Baltimore Bullets (#14), who trade him after one season to the new Chicago Bulls (#4), becoming "the Original Bull", known for his tenacious defense, leading them to the playoffs in their first season, and to their first and only division title before the Michael Jordan era; after a series of knee injuries, he retires in 1976 and becomes head coach of the Bulls in 1979-82. On May 24 a crowd at a soccer match in Lima, Peru on riots over a referee's decision in a game against Argentina, killing 318 and injuring 500; on June 21 Spain defeats the Soviet Union 2-1 to win the 1964 Euro Nations Cup - low score on the board, high score on the bleachers? On May 30 the 1964 (48th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Anthony Joseph "A.J." Foyt Jr. (1935-) (2nd win), becoming the last Indy 500 won by a front-engine roadster; in lap 2 a 7-car accident kills Eddie Sachs and Dave MacDonald. On June 21 (Sun.) (Father's Day) Jim Bunning (1931-) #14 of the Philadelphia Phillies pitches his 2nd perfect game (first 1958) against the New York Yankees), the first for the NL in 84 years; in 1999 he becomes a Repub. Sen. from Ky. In June the British Drag Racing Assoc. is founded by Allard Motors Co. founder ("Father of British Drag Racing") Sydney Herbert Allard (1910-66), opening the first permanent drag racing strip in Britain in Santa Pod (near Bedford). Roy Emerson defeats Fred Stolle to win the 1964 Wimbledon men's singles title, and Maria Bueno defeats Margaret Court to win the women's title; on Aug. 1 Arthur Ashe (1943-93) becomes the first African-Am. to play on the U.S. Davis Cup tennis team, which loses to Australia; he goes on to win the U.S. Open in 1968 and Wimbledon in 1975, becoming a leading straight spokesperson for AIDS before his death. In Aug. Donald Glenn "Don" "Big Daddy" Garlits (1932-), "the Father of Drag Racing" becomes the first drag racer to achieve 200 mph (201.34) in Swamp Rat VI in Great Meadows, N.J.; Arthur Eugene "Art" Arfons (1926-2007) sets the land speed record 3x this year and next in his Green Monster jet-powered car. On Oct. 28 Minn. Vikings defensive end (#70) Jim Marshall (1937-) of the Minn. Vikings carries the ball 60 yards in the wrong direction into the San Francisco 49ers' end zone, scoring a safety for them; even so, Minn. wins 27-22. On Nov. 3-10 the 5th FIQ World Bowling Championships in Mexico City Mexico sees 19 nations send 132 men and 45 women (first time); the debut of Team USA, which wins seven of the eight gold medals; Harry L. Lippe (1911-95) of Chicago, Ill. wins two golds; Chicago prof. bowler Eddie Kawolics acts as coach of the men's and women's teams, becoming the first to represent the U.S. in world competition. On Nov. 13 6'9" La.-born (#9) Robert E. Lee "Bob" Pettit (1932-) of the St. Louis Hawks becomes the first NBA player to score 20K points. On Dec. 27 the Cleveland Browns upset the Baltimore Colts 27-0 to win the NFL championship as QB Frank Ryan throws three long TDs to Gary Collins, becoming the city's last major title until ?; the team later becomes a prey of the NFL Denver Broncos and QB John Elway on Jan. 11, 1987 when he leads the 98-yard game-tying drive later called "The Drive". Arnold Palmer wins his 4th Masters (first in 1958); Jack Nicklaus wins $113,284.50 to become the year's top golf money winner; Ken Venturi (1931-) wins the U.S. Open golf title after finishing #2 in the 1956 Masters as an amateur, then being edged out of winning it in 1958 and 1960 by Arnold Palmer and going on a slump. U.S. yacht Constellation defeats British yacht Sovereign by 4-0 to defend the 19th America's Cup. Vincent Joseph "Vince" Dooley (1932-) becomes head football coach of the U. of Ga. Bulldogs (until 1988), going on to compile a 201-77-10 record, six SE Conference titles and the 1980 nat. title, plus coach of the year. Midway through the 1963-4 season, 6'1" center Philip Anthony "Phil" "Espo" Esposito (1942-) makes his NHL debut with the Chicago Black Hawks, centering for Bobby Hull in the 1964-5 season before being traded to the Boston Bruins for Ken Hodge and Fred Stanfield in 1967, going on to become the top NHL scorer, and the first to score 100 points in a season in 1969 (126 total), and setting a record in the 1970-1 season with 76 goals (152 points), which takes until Feb. 24, 1982 for Wayne Gretzky to pass (79) in a game against the Buffalo Sabres; in 1970 he sets an NHL single season record of 550 shots on goal; fan bumper stickers read "Jesus saves, Esposito scores on the rebound"; he becomes known for the soundbyte: "Scoring is easy. You simply stand in the slot, take your beating and shoot the puck into the net." The moral eludes me? 19-y.-o. Boston Red Sox rookie Tony Conigliaro (1945-90) hits 24 season homers, the most for a teenager (until ?); next year he becomes the youngest home run champ in AL history, and in 1967 he becomes the youngest player in ML history to reach 100 homers, after which he is beaned by a pitch, ruining his career, then dies of a heart attack and kidney failure at age 45. Northern Dancer (1961-90) (jockey Willie Hartack) wins the Preakness Stakes and the Kentucky Derby. Ara Raoul Parseghian (1923) becomes head football coach of the U. of Notre Dame (until 1974), going on to compile a 95-17-4 (.836) record. New York City-born Alfred James "Al" McGuire (1928-2001) becomes head coach of the Marquette U. men's basketball team, coaching them to the 1970 NIT championship, followed by a Final Four appearance in 1974, where he becomes the first coach to be ejected from a championship game, followed by the NCAA basketball championship in 1977, then retiring, becoming a popular CBS-TV and NBC-TV college basketball commentator, increasing the sport's popularity; he and his brother Dick McGuire become the only pair of brothers to be inducted into the basketball hall of fame. The first World Surfing Championship in Manly Beach, Australia is won by Bernard "Midget" Farrelly (1944-) of Australia. The first World Championship of Trampoline is held in London. Architecture: Le Corbusier designs Notre Dame en Haut Church based on the headgear later worn by the Flying Nun Sally Field. The Huntington Hartford Gallery of Modern Art in New York City at 2 Columbus Circle is built by George Huntington Hartford II (1911-), heir to the A&P Supermarket fortune. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68) (U.S.); Lit.: Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (1905-80) (France) (declined); Physics: Charles Hard Townes (1915-) (U.S.), Nikolai Gennadiyevich Basov (1922-2001) (Soviet Union), and Alexander Mikhaylovich Prokhorov (1916-2002) (Soviet Union) [lasers and masers]; Chem.: Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-94) (U.K.) [X-ray crystallography]; Med.: Konrad Emil Bloch (1912-2000) (U.S.) and Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen (1911-79) (Germany) [cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism]. Inventions: On Feb. 29 Pres. Johnson reveals that the U.S. secretly developed the Lockheed A-11 titanium-based jet fighter, which can fly at 2K mph and achieve 70K ft. alt. On Mar. 6 the supersonic Mach 2.83 Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 "Foxbat" recon-interceptor makes its first fleet, entering service in 1970, becoming the 2nd fastest military aircraft in service after the SR-71, shocking the U.S. into making improvements to the F-15 Eagle; in 1976 Soviet pilot Viktor Belenko defects to the U.S. via Japan, allowing his plane to be reverse-engineered; 1,190 are manufactured by 1984. On Oct. 14 the 2-engine U.S. Marine Corps Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion heavy-lift transport heli makes its first flight, being adopted by Israel, Germany, Mexico, and Iran; on Mar. 15, 1967 the $40M U.S. Air Force Sikorsky MH-53 Pave Low "Super Jolly Green Giant" long-range search and rescue heli makes its first flight, with 72 produced by 1970, being replaced in Sept. 2008 by the CV-22B Osprey; in Mar. 1974 the $24M 3-engine Sikorsky Ch-53E Super Stallion makes its first flight. On Dec. 21 the $10.3M supersonic medium-range variable-swept wing General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark interdictor-tactical attack aircraft makes its first flight, featuring electronic warfare capabilities, terrain-following radar, and afterburning turbofan engines; after being introduced on July 18, 1967, it is phased-out by the end of the cent. after 563 are manufactured, being replaced by the F-15E Strike Eagle and B-1B Lancer. On Dec. 22 the long-range high-alt. supersonic Mach 3+ Lockheed SR-71 "Blackbird" "Habu" strategic recon aircraft, designed by the Lockheed Skunk Works makes its first flight, becoming the world's fastest air-breathing manned aircraft in 1976, and a forerunner of stealth aircraft; 32 are built by 1998, with none lost to enemy action and 12 lost to accidents. The laser scalpel is invented. The first Plastic Milk Containers are marketed in the U.S. AstroTurf is invented by employees of Monsanto Co., and patented in 1967 as a Monofilament ribbon pile product, and called Chemgrass until its first publicized use at the Houston Astrodome, after which it beats out over 20 synthetic turf competitors; Indiana State U. at Terre Haute becomes the first outdoor field to be surfaced with it; too bad, it turns into a nightmare for football players, leading to needless injuries as cleats catch in it and won't allow sliding, stressing joints. The antimicrobial agent Triclosan is patented, and used before surgical procedures; it is introduced in commercial hand soaps in the 1980s, and by 2001 76% of liquid hand soaps contain it. PepsiCo Inc. introduces sugar-free 1-calorie Diet Pepsi; in 1980 it is reformulated to use aspartame as the sweetener under the brand name NutraSweet; in the early 1990s Ray Charles does Diet Pepsi ads featuring the slogan "You got the right one, baby!"; Diet Coke isn't introduced until 1982, and it also uses aspartame. Indian-born C. Kumar N. Patel (1938-) of Bell Labs invents the nitrogen carbon dioxide laser, the first continuous high power gas laser, which begins to be used for industrial cutting and welding by 1970. The Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser is first demonstrated by J.E. Geusic et al. of Bell Labs. Buffalo wings are invented in Frank and Teressa Bellissimo's Anchor Bar in Buffalo, N.Y. Permanent press (crosslinked) cotton is invented by Am. scientist Ruth Rogan Benerito (1916-). Carnation Co. introduces Carnation Instant Breakfast drink mix, which it claims can replace breakfast when mixed with milk, with the slogan "Everything you need to go on... in a glass"; on Oct. 31, 1970 the FTC announces that it has promised to stop making "unwarranted nutritional claims" about it. Leonard "Len" Cutler (1928-2007) et al. of Hewlett-Packard design the H-P 5060A Cesium Beam Clock, the first atomic clock, increasing the synchronization of U.S. Naval Observatory and Swiss time from 1 millisecond to 1 microsecond, after which it is flown around the world, becoming known as the "flying clock"; in 1991 the HP 5071A Cesium Beam Clock achieves a stability of 1 sec. in 1.6M years; in 1972 and 1976 H-P cesium clocks are used to verify Einstein's Theory of Relativity. Keishi Ogura of Japan Radio develops an improved microwave tube, allowing Amana Refrigeration of Amana, Iowa (a subsidiary of Raytheon) to begin marketing the first Compact Microwave Oven in 1967 for $495. The lightweight air-cooled gas-operated steel-aluminum-plastic 5.56mm (.223 Remington cartridge) M16 rifle, designed by Eugene Morrison Stoner (1922-97) of Armalite Corp. as the AR-15 then sold to Colt enters USAF service, replacing the M14 adopted in 1957, giving soldiers a firepower of 650-700 rounds per min., although magazines only hold 19 rounds; the U.S. Army begins using it in Vietnam next year, and officially adopts the M16A1 on Feb. 28, 1967; too bad, they don't use the recommended new clean-burning gunpowder, making it susceptible to jamming; the patents expire in 1977, causing clones to begin appearing. On Apr. 7 IBM (in time for the New York World's Fair) introduces the System/360 transistorized mainframe computer, which permits upgrade from lower to higher cost models and becomes their bestseller, cementing their monopoly on mainframes; later, when the microcomputer comes along, their "Think" motto gets stuck, and they go down thinking that it will be a fad and that the mainframe will always rule? On May 1 (4:00 a.m.) Dartmouth math. profs. Thomas Eugene Kurtz (1928-) and Hungarian-born John George Kemeny (1926-92) run their first program written in the (in)famous BASIC (Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) computer language, which runs with an interpreter, allowing full floating point math, but also implements loops using the interpreter, keeping them way slower than assembly language; in 2012 N.H. erects historical highway markers commemorating the creation of BASIC at Dartmouth in 1964. William Powell "Bill" Lear (1902-78) of Lear Jet fame leads a consortium that invents 8-Track Tape players; in 1966 they are offered as factory equipment in Fords (first available in Sept. 1965), followed by GM and Chrysler vehicles in 1967; by 1970 the Muntz 4-track system is kaput. Robert Arthur "Bob" Moog (1934-2005) of the U.S. invents the Moog Synthesizer, going on to introduce the Minimoog Model D in 1971. Charles Bernard Willock (1915-2001) invents the Home Dialysis Machine. Carbon fiber is invented by RAF Farnborough in England. Sony introduces the first transistor videotape recorder for home use. Heinz C. Prechter (1942-2005) comes from Bavaria to the U.S. with $764 in savings, and begins selling sunroofs from his Calif. garage; by the end of the cent. his annual sales total $500M. invents the Telephone Typewriter (TTY) (AKA Telecommunications Device for the Deaf) to help deaf people communicate over phone lines. Metrovac (Metropolitan Vacuum Cleaner Co.) of Bronx., N.Y., founded in 1939 by Israel Gulker and his wife Pearl Stern with $50 capital, joined in 1957 by their son Jules Stern introduces the first 12V handheld car vac that plugs into the cigarette lighter outlet, which becomes a hit, allowing them to move to a 32K sq. ft. bldg. in Suffern, N.Y.; in 1970 they introduce the Metro Duo-Volt 110V-12V handheld vacuum cleaner that can be used in the home or car. Science: The Apr. issue of Aerosol Age reports that the amounts of vinyl chloride in hairspray cans found in salons may be higher than amounts that cause cancer in lab animals; it takes until 1971 for Union Carbine to admit that beauty operators are at greater risk than chemical workers for cancer because of constant exposure. On June 5 DSV Alvin, a 3-person deep-ocean research submersible vehicle that can dive to 15K ft. (4.5 km) is commissioned, and used by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. in Mass. for sea floor exploration. On July 18 Am. scientist Judith Graham Pool (1919-75) pub. her discovery of Cryoprecipitation, the concentration of blood clotting factors to extend the lives of hemophiliacs. In Aug. Belgian physicist Francois Englert (1932-) and Am. physicist Robert Brout (1928-2011) of Belgium propose the Higgs Mechanism, which gives mass to vector bosons; in Oct. British physicist Peter Ware Higgs (1929-), Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman "Tom" Kibble (1932-) et al. theorize broken symmetry in electroweak theory, requiring the Higgs Boson (God Particle) (originally called the Goddamn Particle by Leon Lederman until his publishers change it, launching it into the New Age world), a massive scalar particle whose existence would explain the difference between the massless photon (which causes electromagnetism) and the massive W and Z bosons (which cause the weak force); without it, the Standard Model of Particle Physics can't explain how particles have mass; after an exhaustive hunt, evidence of its existence is found in July 2012 by physicists at CERN in Switzerland, who on Mar. 14, 2013 announce confirmation, winning Englert and Higgs the 2013 Nobel Physics Prize. Oh, what a rush! Here come the new tag team champions? In Aug. speedy 10-ft. 150 lb. stripey early Cretaceous Deinonychus (Gk. "terrible claw"), a pack-hunting dino with a 3-fingered grasping hand and a foot with an inner toe that sticks out like a sharply curved sickle is discovered by Yale U. paleontologist John Harold Ostrom (1928-2005) and his asst. Grant E. Meyer in S Mont.; in his research report, Ostrom describes it as a raptor, killing its prey by leaping and slashing with its claw, suggesting a high metabolism rate and thus warm-blooded system, in 1969 resurrecting Thomas Henry Huxley's theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs; the dino-bird link excites a new generation of researchers to reinvigorate a fossilized, er, moribund field. In 1970 Ostrom discovers a miscatalogued specimen of archaeopteryx among pterosaurs in a museum in Haarlem, Netherlands, prompting him in 1976 to repopularize the 19th cent. hypothesis that carnivorous dinos are direct ancestors of today's birds, which is deflated by a 2009 discovery by researchers at Oregon State U. about how birds breathe; by 2005 only 10 archaeopteryx specimens are found; one specimen sells for $1.3M in 1999; another ends up in the private Wyoming Dinosaur Center in Thermopolis, Wyo. in 2005; in 2009 Gregory M. Erickson of Fla. State U. claims that its slow bone growth makes a feathered dino not capable of flight - it's my favorite movie? Finnish mathematician Lars Valerian Ahlfors (1907-96) pub. the proof of the Ahlfors Finiteness Theorem for Kleinian groups. Irish physicist John Stewart Bell (1928-90) of CERN (European Particle Physics Lab) in Switzerland pub. his paper On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox, dealing with "spooky action-at-a-distance", and deriving Bell's Theorem (Inequality), disproving the idea of hidden variables in quantum mechanics (such as a factor that tells a radioactive atom when to decay), and establishing that reality is non-local; "The concept of 'measurement' becomes so fuzzy on reflection that it is quite surprising to have it appearing in physical theory at the most fundamental level... Does not any analysis of measurement require concepts more fundamental than measurement? And should not the fundamental theory be about these more fundamental concepts?" Am. nuclear physicists James Watson Cronin (1931-2016) and Val Logsdon Fitch (1923-2015) of Princeton U. show that the decay of K-mesons is not invariant under the CP (charge conjugation and parity) operation, i.e., running the reaction in reverse doesn't retrace the path of the original reaction, winning them the 1980 Nobel Physics Prize. Romanian psychologist-chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea (1923-95) synthesizes the learning-memory enhancing drug Piracetam; in 1972 he coins the term Nootropic for intelligence enhancing or smart drugs. Swansea, Wales-born British economist Sir Clive William John Granger (1934-2009), asst. of John Tukey at Princeton U. pub. Spectral Analysis of Economic Time Series along with Michio Hatanaka, followed in 1966 by The Typical Spectral Shape of an Economic Variable, pioneering the use of Fourier Series in economics; in 1969 Granger introduces the Granger Causality Test for regressions; in 1974 he pub. a paper on Spurious Regression. William Donald Hamilton (1936-2000) of Britain pub. Hamilton's Rule of Genetics (Inclusive Fitness Theory), that a costly action should be performed if its cost in fitness to the actor is less than the genetic relatedness between the actor and the recipient multiplied by the fitness benefit to the recipient; founds the field of Social Evolution. Am. scientist Curly, er, Jerome Phillip Horowitz (1919-2012) synthesizes the anti-viral drug Zidovudine (ZDV) (AZT) (Retrovir), later used to treat HIV - Curly did it? English astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) and Indian astronomer Jayant Vishnu Narlikar (1938-) of Cambridge U. pub. the Hoyle-Narlikar Theory of Gravitation, combining Einstein's Theory of Relativity with Mach's Principle and postulating that the inertial mass of a particle is a function of the masses of all other particles multiplied by a coupling constant that is a function of cosmic epoch, giving a gravitational constant decreasing strongly with time and therefore a steady-state Universe - having a backup plan, priceless? Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev (1932-2019) proposes the Kardashev Scale for the level of a civilization's technical advancement: I = planetary, II = stellar, III = galactic. New York City-born statistician Joseph Bernard Kruskal Jr. (1928-2010) pub. a paper on Multidimensional Scaling, a set of techniques allowing a researcher to discuss the "hidden structure" of large databases. The Omega-minus elementary particle is discovered using the Nimrod Cyclotron. Nonfiction: Pierre Balmain (1914-82), My Years and Seasons (autobio.). E. Digby Baltzell (1916-96), The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America; popularizes the term "WASP" for white Anglo-Saxon Protestant; Am. Protestants don't produce much art or make great intellectual achievements like Jews; "People talk about what Episcopalians have accomplished and their power, but what Jews have done in the United States since World War II is now the great untold story"; he dies before finishing a book on the decline of the WASP establishment in place of a meritocracy based on prof. performance. Correlli Barnett, The Swordbearers: Supreme Command in the First World War. Jacques Barzun (1907-), Science: The Glorious Entertainment. Helen Eileen Beardsley (1930-2000), Who Gets the Drumstick; how she raised 20 children. Ernest Becker (1924-74), Revolution in Psychiatry: The New Understanding of Man. Gary S. Becker (1930-), Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education; 3rd ed. 1993. Lerone Bennett Jr. (1928-2018), What Manner of Man: A Biography of Martin Luther King; 3rd ed. 1968. Eric Berne (1910-70), Games People Play; the dynamics of human relationships; sells 5M copies. Margarete Bieber (1879-1978), Alexander the Great in Greek and Roman Art. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), The Meaning of the Twentieth Century: The Great Transition. James Burnham (1905-87), Suicide of the West; by a Marxist-turned-conservative; becomes a std. work for the U.S. conservative movement; "Liberalism is the ideology of Western suicide." James Ramsay Montagu Butler (1889-1975) and J.M.A. Gwyer, Grand Strategy, Vol. 3: June 1941-August 1942. Mary Steichen Calderone (1904-98), The Manual of Contraceptive Practices; by the medical dir. (since 1953) of Planned Parenthood Federation of Am.; pub. after overturning the AMA policy against physicians disseminating info. on birth control, after which she decides that she must also promote "man's sexuality as a health entity", founding the Sex Info. and Education Council of the U.S. (SIECUS), with the goal of teaching children about sex at an early age, drawing the conservative religious groups out against her, after which her view that sex should be reserved for traditional straight marriage pisses-off gays - could've had a V8? David Caute (1936-), Communism and the French Intellectuals 1914-1960. Randolph Churchill (1911-68), The Fight for the Tory Leadership. Eleanor Clark (1936-96), The Oysters of Locmariaquer. James Bryant Conant (1893-1978), Shaping Educational Policy. Earnshaw Cook (1900-87), Percentage Baseball; promotes baseball statistics, becoming the first book on the subject to gain nat. media attention; too bad, it is pooh-poohed by baseball execs, but later gains acceptance under the name Sabermetrics; followed by "Percentage Baseball and the Computer" (1971). Fred James Cook (1911-2003), Goldwater: Extremist on the Right; after conservative evangelist Billy James Hargis attacks it on his "Christian Crusade" radio broadcast on WGCB in Red Lion, Penn., Cook sues, claiming that he is entitled to free air time to respond under the FCC's 1949 Fairness Doctrine, and on June 9, 1969 the U.S. Supreme Court rules unanimously in Red Lion Broadcasting Co. vs. FCC that the Fairness Doctrine is constitutional, after which the FCC rescinds it in 1987; The FBI Nobody Knows; how J. Edgar Hoover is perverting the FBI to his own personal revenge machine to stay in power; causes Rex Stout to write the 1965 Nero Wolfe novel "The Doorbell Rang". Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), Alms for Oblivion (essays); Because I Was Flesh (autobio.); his horror story incarceration in a Jewish orphanage in Cleveland. James Britt Donovan (1916-70), Strangers on a Bridge: The Case of Colonel Abel and Francis Gary Powers; filmed in 2015 as "Bridge of Spies". Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Paris, de Cesar a Saint Louis (Paris from Caesar to St. Louis); Bernard Buffet. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), Managing for Results: Economic Tasks and Risk-Taking Decisions. Ralph Ellison (1914-94), Shadow and Act (essays). Fritz Fanon (1925-61), Toward the African Revolution (posth.). Don Edward Fehrenbacher (1920-97), Abraham Lincoln: A Documentary Portrait Through His Speeches and Writings (May 31); A Basic History of California. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Waiting for the End: The American Literary Scene from Hemingway to Baldwin. Louis Fischer (1896-1970), The Life of Lenin; "Lenin was a revolution." Sam Folk and Gilbert Millstein (1916-99), New York: True North. Erich Fromm (1900-80), The Heart of Man, Its Genius for Good and Evil. David Galula (1919-67), Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice; his advice is used by the U.S. in the Vietnam War, and later in the Iraq War by Gen. Petraeus. John William Gardner (1912-2002), Self-Renewal: The Individual and the Innovative Society; "Every few years archeologists unearth another ancient civilization that flourished for a time and then died. The modern mind, acutely conscious of the sweep of history and chronically apprehensive, is quick to ask, 'Is it our turn now?'" Ralph D. Gardner, Horatio Alger, or the American Hero Era; backs up the 1961 Frank Gruber bio., but is panned by critics. Reuel Mugo Gatheru (1925-), Child of Two Worlds: A Kikuyu's Story. Peter Gay (1923-2015), The Party of Humanity: Essays in the French Enlightenment; disputes that the Philosophes were impractical idealists. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015) (ed.), Britain and Germany Between the Wars. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Compulsory Mis-education and the Community of Scholars; compulsory schools have become a trap and a racket? Paul Goodman (1911-72) (ed.), Seeds of Liberation. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Mammon and the Black Goddess. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985) and Raphael Patai (1910-96), Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis. Dick Gregory (1932-2017), Nigger: An Autobiography; bestseller (7M copies); "Whenever you hear the word nigger you'll know they're advertising my book." G. Edward Griffin (1931-), The Fearful Master: A Second Look at the United Nations (first book) (June); earns him a job as Gen. Curtis LeMay's writer in his 1968 U.S. vice-pres. bid. Dag Hammarskjold (1905-61), Markings; his diary. Oscar Handlin (1915-2011), A Continuing Task: The American Jewish Point Distribution Committee, 1914-1964; Fire Bell in the Night: The Crisis in Civil Rights; disses white supremacists and suburban liberals, but also disses the leftist solutions incl. quotas, school busing, and affirmative action; "Preferential treatment demands a departure from the ideal which judges individuals by their own merits rather than by their affiliations." Leon A. Harris Jr. (1926-2000), The Fine Art of Political Wit; history of political humor since the 18th cent., by a Dallas businessman. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), A Moveable Feast (autobio.) (posth.); his Paris years (1921-6); "If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man, then wherever you go for the rest of your life, it stays with you, for Paris is a moveable feast"; too bad, in July 2009 his grandson pub. a rewritten vers. to omit negative references to his grandmother Mary Hemingway (4th wife), bowlderizing the good parts. Richard Hofstadter (1916-70), The Paranoid Style in American Politics; pub. in the Nov. issue of Harpers Mag.; "It had been around a long time before the Radical Right discovered it - and its targets have ranged from the 'intellectual bankers' to Masons, Jesuits, and munitions makers" (no mention of the JFK conspiracy theorists because everybody thinks he's referring to Goldwater?); Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (Pulitzer Prize). Michael Holroyd (1935-), Hugh Kingsmill: A Critical Biography. Donald Horne, The Lucky Country; "Australia is a lucky country run mainly by second-rate people who share its luck... It lives on other people's ideas." Irving Howe (1920-93), Sherwood Anderson's Winesbury, Ohio. Julian Huxley (1887-1975), Essays of a Humanist. Fred Charles Ikle (1924-2011), How Nations Negotiate (Jan. 1). David Irving (1938-), The Mare's Nest; about the secret German V-1/V-2 campaign of 1944-5 and the Allied Operation Crossbow that tries to counter it; when he discovers that the Allies broke the Enigma code, he keeps the secret, and it's not revealed publicly for a decade - did he fire six shots, or only five? Augustus John (1878-1961), Finishing Touches (autobio.) (posth.). Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-), An Instance of Treason: Ozaki Hotsumi and the Sorge Spy Ring. Haynes Johnson (1931-), The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders' Story of Brigade 2506. A.H.M. Jones (1904-70), The Later Roman Empire, 284-602: A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey; from Roman emperor Diocletian to Byzantine emperor Maurice; becomes a std. work. Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980), O Strange New World: American Culture - The Formative Years (Pulitzer Prize); History and the Contemporary: Essays in Nineteenth-Century Literature. Ned Jones (1926-93), Ingratiation: A Social Psychological Analysis; founds Ingratiation Theory, how one person ingratiates himself with another, going on to develop the theories of Fundamental Attribution Error (Correspondence Bias) (Attributin Effect) and Actor-Observer Bias (Assymetry). Richard Kauffman (1916-98), Gentle Wilderness: The Sierra Nevada; photo collection ed. by David Browers, with quotations of John Muir. Patrick Kavanagh (1904-67), Self-Portrait (autobio.); "I dislike talking about myself in a direct way: the self is only interesting as an illustration. For some strange reason, whenever we talk about our personal lives, it turns out to be both irrelevant and untrue. Even when the facts are right, the mood is wrong." Robert Francis Kennedy (1925-68), The Pursuit of Justice. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68), Why We Can't Wait. Lithuanian Embassy in Washington, D.C., The Story of Captive Lithuania. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), The Act of Creation. Hans Kohn (1891-1971), Living in a World Revolution: My Encounters with History. Jan Kott (1914-2001), Shakespeare, Our Contemporary; former Stalinist reinterprets Shakespeare in light of the 20th cent. "nightmare of history" and his own existential life story, comparing him with Eugene Ionesco and Samuel Beckett, influencing Peter Brook, Charles Marowitz, and Roman Polanski. R.D. Laing (1927-89), Sanity, Madness and the Family: Families of Schizophrenics; uses questionnaires and game theory to try to trace the cause of schizophrenia to the "family nexus", a dark arena where people play selfish games with each other. Ann Landers (1918-2002), Since You Asked Me. Joseph P. Lash (1909-87), Eleanor Roosevelt: A Friend's Memoir. Stanley Lebergott (1918-2009), Manpower in Economic Growth: The American Record Since 1800; bit hit with economists; written after joining the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1940 to compile historical unemployment statistics, then joining Wesleyan U. in 1962. Anthony Lewis (1927-), Gideon's Trumpet; the Gideon v. Wainwright case; filmed in 1980 starring Henry Fonda as Clarence Earl Gideon, and Jose Ferrer as Abe Fortas. Oscar Lewis (1914-70), Pedro Martinez: A Mexican Peasant and His Family. Eugene Lyons (1898-1985), Herbert Hoover: A Biography; the best yet? Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), Reminiscences (autobio.). William Manchester (1922-2004), Portrait of a President: John F. Kennedy in Profile; pro-JFK. Golo Mann (1909-94), Wilhelm II; by the son of Thomas Mann. Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973), Creative Fidelity. Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), The One-Dimensional Man. Francois Mauriac (1885-1970), De Gaulle. Phyllis McGinley (1905-78), Sixpence in Her Shoe. Shepherd Mead (1914-94), How to Live Like a Lord Without Really Trying: A Confidential Manual Prepared as Part of a Survival Kid for Americans Living in Britain. Fergus Millar (1935-), Study of Cassius Dio (first book). Arthur Mizener (1907-88), The Sense of Life in the Modern Novel. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Mrs. LBJ. Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), The Founding of Massachusetts: Historians and the Sources. Sir Lewis Bernstein Namier (1888-1960), The House of Commons, 1754-1790 (3 vols.) (posth.). Yoko Ono (1933-), Grapefruit; heuristic art containing Zen-like instructions to be completed in the mind, e.g., "Hide until everybody dies". Pierre van Paassen (1895-1968), To Number Our Days; sequel to "Days of Our Years" (1939) by an influential Christian Zionist who was a roving journalist before WWII and visited Mecca in Arab disguise in 1933 to see what they were up to. Vance Packard (1914-96), The Naked Society; how computers are threatening privacy - talk about clairvoyant? William C. Paddock (1922-2008), Hungry Nations; world pop. growth equals world famine, yi yi yi? Talcott Parsons (1902-79), Social Structure and Personality. John Dos Passos (1896-1970), Occasions and Protests; Thomas Jefferson: The Making of a President; The Portugal Story: Three Centuries of Exploration and Discovery. Raphael Patai (1910-96), Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis. Michael Polanyi (1891-1976), The Study of Man. Benjamin Arthur Quarles (1904-96), The Negro in the Making of America. Sayyid Qutb (1906-66), Milestones (Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq); becomes a bible for Muslim terrorists incl. al-Qaida. Maxwell Lewis Rafferty (1917-82), What They Are Doing to Your Children. Karl Lott Rankin (1898-1991), China Assignment; his years as U.S. ambassador to Taiwan (1953-7). Mary Renault (1905-83), Lion in the Gateway: The Heroic Battles of the Greeks and Persians at Marathon, Salamis and Thermopylae. Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), Classics Revisited; 2nd ed. 1986. Bernard Rimland (1928-2006), Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), 16 Questions on the Assassination (Sept.); British big brain questions the Warren Commission version of the JFK assassination; "The official version of the assassination of President Kennedy has been so riddled with contradictions that it is been abandoned and rewritten no less than 3x. Blatant fabrications have received very widespread coverage by the mass media, but denials of these same lies have gone unpub.. Photographs, evidence and affidavits have been doctored out of recognition. Some of the most important aspects of the case against Lee Harvey Oswald have been completely blacked out. Meanwhile, the F.B.I., the police and the Secret Service have tried to silence key witnesses or instruct them what evidence to give. Others involved have disappeared or died in extraordinary circumstances"; "We view the problem with the utmost seriousness. U.S. Embassies have long ago reported to Washington world-wide disbelief in the official charges against Oswald, but this has scarcely been reflected by the American press. No U.S. television program or mass circulation newspaper has challenged the permanent basis of all the allegations - that Oswald was the assassin, and that he acted alone. It is a task which is left to the American people." Ernest Samuels (1903-96), Henry Adams: The Major Phase (Pulitzer Prize). Phyllis Schlafly (1924-2016), A Choice, Not an Echo; bestseller (3M copies); disses the liberal Eastern liberal Repub. establishment esp. Nelson Rockefeller, going on in 1967 to begin pub. "The Phyllis Schlafly Report" and in 1972 to found the Eagle Forum. Theodore W. Schultz (1902-98), Transforming Traditional Agriculture. Idries Shah (1924-96), The Sufis. Lillian Smith (1897-1966), Our Faces, Our Words; ode to the non-violent civil rights movement by the white Southern author of "Strange Fruit" (1944). Willie "the Lion" Smith (1893-1973) and George Hoefer, Music On My Mind: The Memoirs of An American Pianist; foreward by Duke Ellington. C.P. Snow (1905-80), Corridors of Power; nuclear politics. Samuel S. Snyder, History of NSA's General-Purpose Electronic Digital Computers; classified until 2010. Susan Sontag (1933-2004), Notes on 'Camp'; essay popularizing the "so bad it's good" attitude about pop culture, establishing her as a major new writer in the Big Apple. Moses Soyer (1899-1974), Painting the Human Figure; Russian-born Jewish-Am. painter who made it through the 1930s painting murals for the WPA loves to paint nude women now, esp. ballet dancers. Joseph John Spengler (1902-91), Economic Thought of Islam: Ibn Khaldun; resurrects the memory of Arab Muslim brain man Ibn Khaldun of Tunisia (1332-1406), making him vie with Adam Smith as the Father of Economics - if you're an Islamophile? John A. Stormer (1928-), None Dare Call It Treason; bestseller (7M copies) about Commie traitors in the U.S. govt. by a conservative pro-Goldwater Repub. Baptist pastor, making him "the man who may be the most popular U.S. backstairs author of all time (Daniel Pipes); title from Sir John Harrington's epigram "Treason doth never prosper. What's the reason? Why if it prosper, none dare call it treason"; "A masterful piece of folkish propaganda." (Richard Hofstadter) Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), My People Is the Enemy: An Autobiographical Polemic; Free in Obedience. May Swenson (1913-89), The Contemporary Poet as Artist and Critic. John Terraine (1921-2003), General Jack's Diary, 1914-1918: The Trench Diary of Brigadier-General J.L. Jack, D.S.O.. Paul Tillich (1886-1965), Theology and Culture; claims that the idea of a personal God is harmful and deserves to become kaput, with the soundbyte: "The concept of a 'Personal God' interfering with natural events, or being 'an independent cause of natural events,' makes God a natural object beside others, an object among others, a being among beings, maybe the highest, but nevertheless a being. This indeed is not only the destruction of the physical system but even more the destruction of any meaningful idea of God." He goes on to reject the God of "theological theism", i.e., "a being besides others and and as such a part of the whole reality", and substitute the ontological view of God as Ground of Being (Being itself) (Power of Being) (Abysmal Being) (Ultimate Concern), i.e., God is the ground upon which all beings exist, with the soundbyte: "In such a state the God of both religious and theological language disappears. But something remains, namely, the seriousness of that doubt in which meaning within meaninglessness is affirmed. The source of this affirmation of meaning within meaninglessness, of certitude within doubt, is not the God of traditional theism but the 'God above God,' the power of being, which works through those who have no name for it, not even the name God." UPI/American Heritage, Four Days: The Historical Record of the Death of President Kennedy. Richard Clement Wade (1921-2008), Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860. Ezra J. Warner (1910-74), Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders; all 583 of them; companion to 1959 Gray vol. Alan W. Watts (1915-73), Beyond Theology: The Art of Godsmanship. Alec Waugh (1898-1981), A Family of Islands: A History of the West Indies 1492-1898. Evelyn Waugh (1903-66), A Little Learning (autobio.). Burton A. Weisbrod (1931-), Collective-Consumption Services of Individual-Consumption Goods; coins the term "option value" for the benefit that individuals might derive from having access to a publicly-provided good or service, which becomes important in Welfare Economics. Alexander Werth (1906-69), Russia at War 1941 to 1945; Russian-born British war correspondent spends WWII in Russia, and tells it like it is. Rebecca West (1892-1983), The New Meaning of Treason; English wartime Fascists; the old meaning was pub. in 1949. William S. White (1906-94), The Professional: Lyndon B. Johnson. Norbert Wiener (1894-1964), God and Golem, Inc.: A Comment on Certain Points Where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion. William Appleman Williams (1921-90), The Great Evasion: An Essay on the Contemporary Relevance of Karl Marx and the Wisdom of Admitting the Heretic into the Dialogue About America's Future. Garry Wills (1934-), Politics and Catholic Freedom. Frances Amelia Yates (1899-1981), Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition; becomes a big hit with Renaissance historians, revealing the survival of hermeticism, mysticism, magic, and Gnosticism; claims that Bruno was burned at the stake in 1600 for his hermeticism rather than for heliocentrism. Art: Francis Bacon (1909-92), Three Figures in a Room (triptych). Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Romeo and Juliet; La Vie; Derriere le Miroir. Lucien Coutaud (1904-77), Les Personnages Architectures. Gene Davis (1920-85), Solar Skin; his "micro canvases" of vertical bands of color become a hit? Helen Frankenthaler (1928-), Interior Landscape. John Hampton (1909-64), The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly; dies leaving the silver-gold-foil-covered work behind, later becoming the centerpiece of the Smithsonian Am. Art Museum folk art collection. Robert Indiana (1928-), USA 666, the 6th American Dream (1964-66); good exploitation of 1966 Millennium Fever. Jasper Johns (1930-), Souvenir; Souvenir 2. Willem de Kooning (1904-97), Woman. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), Good Morning, Darling. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), La Luz del Proscrito. Justin McCarthy (1891-1977), Doris Winters, Ice Capades. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), The Painter and His Model (Le Peintre et Son Modele) (lithograph); he actually does a bunch of them, wonder why? Bridget Riley (1931-), White Disks; "The uncertainties of a drawn structure increase when it is composed of similar, repeated elements. Because they are small and compacted, these elements begin to fuse while they are easy to separate when they are big." David Smith, Cubi XIX (sculpture). Andy Warhol (1928-87), Brillo Soap Pads Boxes; Orange Marilyn (silkscreen); sells for $17.3M in 1998; 13 Most Wanted Men (20'x20' mural); mugshuts of the 13 most wanted criminals of 1962; rejected by the 1964 New York World's Fair. Charmion Von Wiegand (1896-1983), Mandala of the Diamond Scepter. Music: Henry "Red" Allen (1906-67), Rosetta. Jay and the Americans, Come a Little Bit Closer. Julie Andrews (1935-) et al., Mary Poppins Soundtrack (album); incl. The Perfect Nanny. The Animals, Baby Let Me Take You Home (debut); Eric Victor "Eggs" Burdon (1941-) (vocals) (likes to break eggs over naked girls, causing him to be rumored to be the Eggman in the Beatles' song "I Am the Walrus"), Alan Price (1942-) (keyboards), Hilton Stewart Paterson Valentine (1943-) (guitar), Bryan James "Chas" Chandler (1938-96) (bass), and John Steel (1941-) (drums); their name is a play on the Beatles, get it?; Around and Around; Blue Feeling; Gonna Send You Back to Walker; Baby Let Me Take You Home (Mar.) (#21 in the U.S.); Talkin' 'Bout You; House of the Rising Sun (June 19) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (first British Invasion #1 not connected with the Beatles) (first folk rock hit?); Bring It On Home to Me; Boom Boom; I Believe to My Soul; I'm Crying (Sept.) (#19 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.). Little Anthony and the Imperials, I'm on the Outside (Looking In) (Aug.) (#15 in the U.S.); Goin' Out of My Head (Oct.) (#6 in the U.S.). The Applejacks, Tell Me When (written by Geoff Stephens and Les Reed) (#7 in the U.K.), Like Dreamers Do (by John Lennon and Paul McCartney) (#20 in the U.K.), Three Little Words (I Love You) (#23 in the U.K.) (last hit); from West Midlands, incl. Al Jackson, Martin Baggott, Phil Cash, Don Gould (keyboards), Megan Davies (bass), and Gerry Freeman (drums); members Megan Davies and Gerry Freeman get married in the British rock & roll romance of the year. Richard Anthony, If I Loved You (from "Carousel"). Louis Armstrong (1901-71), Hello, Dolly (#1 in the U.S.) (ends the streak of 3 #1s in a row over 14 weeks by The Beatles); written by Jerry Herman for the 1955 Thornton Wilder play "The Matchmakers", causing the play to be renamed after the song becomes a hit. Albert Ayler (1936-70), Ghosts. The Bachelors, I Believe; I Wouldn't Trade You for the World; Ramona; No Arms Can Ever Hold You. Joan Baez (1941-), Joan Baez 5 (album #3) (Oct.) (#12 in the U.S.); incl. There But for Fortune (by Phil Ochs) (#10 in the U.S.) (#10 in the U.K.), It Ain't Me Babe (by Bob Dylan), I Still Miss Someone (by Johnny Cash). Kenny Ball (1930-), Hello, Dolly. The Barbarians, Are You a Boy Or Are You a Girl? Shirley Bassey (1937-), Goldfinger Theme written by Anthony Newley (1931-99) and Leslie Bricusse (1931-). The Beatles, Introducing... The Beatles (album) (Jan. 10) (Vee-Jay Records); incl. "I Saw Her Standing There", "Love Me Do", "P.S. I Love You"/"Please Please Me", Misery, Anna (Go to Him) (by Arthur Alexander), Chains (by Gerry Goffin and Carole King), Boys (by Luther Dixon and Wes Farrell), Baby It's You (by Mack David, Burt Bacharach (1928-) and Barney Williams), A Taste of Honey (by Ric Marlow and Bobby Scott), There's a Place, Twist and Shout (by Phil Medley and Bert Russell); Meet the Beatles! (album) (Jan. 20) (Capitol Records); album cover false claims it's the first U.S. Beatles album (I'll see you guys in court?); incl. I Want to Hold Your Hand, I Saw Her Standing There, This Boy, It Won't Be Long, All I've Got to Do, All My Loving, Don't Bother Me, Little Child, Till There Was You, Hold Me Tight, I Wanna Be Your Man, Not a Second Time; The Beatles' Second Album (album) (Apr. 10); knocks "Meets the Beatles!" off the #1 position, a first for a group?; incl. Roll Over Beethoven, Thank You Girl, You Really Got a Hold on Me, Devil in Her Heart, Money (That's What I Want), You Can't Do That, Long Tall Sally, I Call Your Name, Please Mr. Postman, I'll Get You, She Loves You; A Hard Day's Night (album) (June 26); first with all-original material; incl. A Hard Day's Night, Tell Me Why, I'll Cry Instead, I Should Have Known Better, I'm Happy Just to Dance with You, And I Love Her, I Should Have Known Better, If I Fell (in Love with You), And I Love Her, Ringo's Theme (This Boy), Can't Buy Me Love, A Hard Day's Night (instrumental); Something New (album) (July 20); incl. I'll Cry Instead, Things We Said Today, Any Time at All, When I Get Home, Slow Down, Matchbox, Tell Me Why, And I Love Her, I'm Happy Just to Dance with You, If I Fell, Komm, Gib Mir Deine Hand; The Beatles' Story (double album) (Nov. 23); Beatles '65 (album) (Dec. 15); incl. No Reply, I'm a Loser, Baby's in Black, Rock and Roll Music, I'll Follow the Sun, Mr. Moonlight, Honey Don't, I'll Be Back, She's a Woman, I Feel Fine (features the first guitar feedback), Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby. The Beatles and Frank Ifield (1937-), Jolly What! England's Greatest Recording Stars: The Beatles and Frank Ifield (album) (Feb. 26); Vee-Jay Records; the liner says "It is with a good deal of pride and pleasure that this copulation has been presented"; less than 100 copies are produced, making it a hot collectors' item. Harry Belafonte (1927-), Belafonte at the Greek Theatre (album); his last top 40 album. Cliff Bennett and the Rebel Rousers, One Way Love; first London band to be signed by the Beatles; I Can't Stand It. Rockin' Berries, He's in Town (album) (debut); incl. He's in Town (by Gerry Goffin and Carole King) (#3 in the U.K.), What In the World's Come Over You (#23 in the U.K.), I Didn't Mean to Hurt You (#43 in the U.K.). Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Nadine (Is It You?); No Particular Place to Go; You Never Can Tell (later used in the 1994 film "Pulp Fiction"); Little Marie; Promised Land. Dave Berry and the Cruisers, The Crying Game (written by Geoff Stephens, and later used in the 1992 film); Baby It's You. Cilla Black (1943-), Anyone Who Had a Heart; You're My World; It's for You. Jerry Bock (1928-), Sheldon Harnick (1924-), and Joseph Stein (1912-), Fiddler on the Roof (musical) (Imperial Theatre, New York) (Sept. 22) (3,242 perf.) (first musical to pass the 3K perf. mark); based on the story "Tevye and His Daughters" by Sholom Aleichem about Jews in 1905 Anatevka, Russia, and paintings by Marc Chagall; dir. by Jerome Robbins; poor Jewish milkman Tevye (Zero Mostel) tries to raise his five daughters (Tzeitel, Hodel, Chava, Sphrintze, Bielke) without losing his Jewish culture; Tevye's wife Golde, village matchmaker Yente, wealthy butcher Lazar Wolf; "Without our traditions our lives would be as shaky as a fiddler on the roof"; features the songs Tradition, Matchmaker, Matchmaker, If I Were a Rich Man, Sunrise, Sunset, Do You Love Me?; filmed in 1971. The Beach Boys, I Get Around (first #1 U.S. single by a U.S. group in 11 mo.); Don't Worry Baby. Wilfred Brambell (1912-85) and Harry H. Corbett (1925-), Steptoe and Son at Buckingham Palace. Jacques Brel (1929-78), Jef. Benjamin Britten (1913-76), Curlew River: A Parable for Church Performance, Op. 71; based on the Japanese medieval play "Sumidagawa"; incl. Crossing the River. Anita Bryant (1940-), The World of Lonely People (album); incl. The World of Lonely People. Henri Busser (1872-1973), La Venus d'Ille (opera). Jerry Butler (1939-), Let It Be Me (w/Betty Everett) (#5 in the U.S.). Glen Campbell (1936-2017), The Astounding 12-String Guitar of Glen Campbell (album #3) (Mar.). The Carefrees, We Love You Beatles; a clone of "We Love You Conrad" from "Bye Bye Birdie". Johnny Cash (1932-2003), Understand Your ManBitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian (album) (Oct. 1); the plight of Native Ams., which he believes he's partly descended from; he later finds out that he's not, but still believes in their cause. Chad and Jeremy, Yesterday's Gone; A Summer Song (#7 in the U.S.); from England, incl. horn-rimmed glasses-wearing Chad Stuart (David Stuart Chadwick) (1941-) and Jeremy Clyde (Michael Thomas Jeremy Clyde) (1941-). Ray Charles (1930-2004), My Heart Cries for You; No One to Cry To; Smack Dab in the Middle; A Tear Fell. The Rip Chords, Hey Little Cobra (#4 in the U.S.); an uncanny imitation of Jan and Dean?; written by Carol Connors (Annette Kleinbard) (1940-) of the Teddy Bears after she purchases her first Cobra (she later co-writes the "Rocky" theme "Gonna Fly Now" with Ayn Robbins); sung by Bruce Arthur Johnston (Benjamin Baldwin) (1942-) (who joins the Beach Boys on Apr. 9, 1965 after Glen Campbell quits, recording "California Girls" with them) and Terry Melcher (1942-2004) (son of Doris Day, who becomes a producer for the Byrds and Paul Revere and The Raiders, and whose Bel Air, Los Angeles home is later the scene of the murder of Sharon Tate by the Manson Family). Gigiola Cinquetti (1947-), No Ho L'eta (l'Età) Per Amarti. The Dave Clark Five, Bits and Pieces; Can't You See That She's Mine; Thinking of You Baby; Any Way You Way It; Do You Love Me; I Know You; - No Time to Lose; Poison Ivy. Petula Clark (1932-), Downtown (Nov. 6) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.). Nat King Cole (1919-65), I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore. Judy Collins (1939-), The Judy Collins Concert (album #4) (July). John Coltrane (1926-67), A Love Supreme (album) (Dec. 9); his masterpiece; features saxophonist Archie Shepp; a result of his exposure to Ahmadiyya Islam?; incl. Acknowledgement, Resolution, Pursuance, and Psalm. Arthur Conley (1946-2003), I'm a Lonely Stranger. Sam Cooke (1931-64), A Change is Gonna Come (posth.) (#31 in the U.S.); Rosa Parks listens to it after the assassination of MLK Jr. The Crickets, (They Call Her) La Bamba. Edison Denisov (1929-96), Sun of the Incas (Le Soleil des Incas) (cantata); text by Gabriela Mistral; Italian Songs; text by Alexander Blok. The Dixie Cups, Chapel of Love (#1 in the U.S.); People Say; You Should Have Seen the Way He Looked At Me; black high school-sounding New Orleans group, originally called Little Miss and the Muffets, incl. Barbara Ann Hawkins (1943-), Rosa Lee Hawkins (1944-), and Joan Marie Johnson (1945-); first to sign with Red Bird Records, founded by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller mainly for girl groups. Dick Dale (1937-) and the Del Tones, Mr. Eliminator (album #4); incl. Mr. Eliminator, The Victor; Summer Surf (album #5). Luigi Dallapiccola (1904-75), Parole di San Paolo. Fiddler on the Roof (Sept. 22) (New York); 3,242 perf.. Doris Day (1924-), Move Over Darling. Jan and Dean, The Little Old Lady from Pasadena (#3 in the U.S.); Dead Man's Curve (#8 in the U.S.); Ride the Wild Surf; Sidewalk Surfin'; about the new Calif. skateboarding craze. Hamza El Din (1929-2006), Music of Nubia (album) (debut). Ken Dodd (1927-), Eight by Ten; Happiness. Fats Domino (1928-2017), Lazy Lady. Val Doonican (1927-), Walk Tall. Pete Drake (1932-88), Forever (#22 in the U.S.) (1M copies); features his talking electric steel guitar mated to a talk box. Freddie and the Dreamers, I Understand (#5 in the U.K.); Funny Over You; I Love You Baby. The Drifters, Under the Boardwalk (#4 in the U.S.). Bob Dylan (1941-), The Times They Are a-Changin' (album #3) (Jan. 13); cover photo by Barry Feinstein (1931-2011); incl. The Times They Are A-Changin'; Another Side of Bob Dylan (album #4) (Aug. 8); he "somehow lost touch with people" and got caught in "the paraphernalia of fame" (Irwin Silber)?; incl. All I Really Want to Do, Motorpsycho Nitemare. Bern Elliot and the Fenmen, New Orleans (Mar.). Shirley Ellis (1941-), The Name Game (The Banana Song) (#3 in the U.S.); written by Shirley Ellis and Lincoln Chase; "Chuck Chuck mo chuck, bananafanafo fuck, mee mi mo muck, Chuck". Little Eva, Swinging On a Star. Betty Everett (1939-2001), The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in HIs Kiss) (#6 in the U.S.) (#1 R&B) (#31 in the U.K.). Betty Everett (1939-2001) and Jerry Butler (1939-), Let It Be Me (#5 in the U.S.). The Even Dozen Jug Band, The Even Dozen Jug Band (album) (debut) (only album) (Jan.); from New York City, incl. John Sebastian, David Grisman, Steve Katz, Maria Muldaur, and Joshua Rifkin; incl. Take Your Fingers Off It, Original Colossal Drag Rag, Mandolin King Rag, Evolution Mama, All Worn Out, Sadie Green. The Everly Brothers, The Ferris Wheel; Gone, Gone, Gone. Adam Faith (1940-2003) and The Roulettes, If He Tells You (#25 in the U.K.); I Love Being in Love With You (#33 in the U.K.); A Message to Martha (Kentucky Bluebird) (#12 in the U.K.). Marianne Faithfull (1946-), As Tears Go By. Georgie Fame (1943-) and the Blue Flames, Rhythm and Blues at the Flamingo (album) (debut); incl. Green Onions, Bend a Little; Fame At Last (album #2) *(Oct.) (#15 in the U.K.). Ella Fitzgerald (1917-96), Can't Buy Me Love. Wayne Fontana (1945-) and the Mindbenders, Um, Um, Um, Um, Um, Um. The Fourmost, A Little Loving (#6 in the U.K.); Baby I Need Your Loving (#24 in the U.K.). Connie Francis (1938-), Tommy. Billy Fury (1940-83), It's Only Make Believe; I Will. France Gall (1947-), Poupee de Cire, Poupee de Son (album); incl. N'Ecoute Pas Les Idoles (Don't Listen to the Idols); Laisee Tomber les Filles (Forget the Girls); Christiansen; as coached by her 36-y.-o. lecherous mentor Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91)? Judy Garland (1922-69), As Long As He Needs Me; from "Oliver!". Gale Garnett (1942-), My Kind of Folk Songs (album) (debut); incl. We'll Sing in the Sunshine (#4 in the U.S.). Marvin Gaye (1939-84), When I'm Alone I Cry (album #3) (Apr. 1); a flop, causing him to get alone and cry, then dump R&B and soul material; Marvin Gaye's Greatest Hits (album); incl. Can I Get a Witness, Sandman, You Are a Wonderful One; Hello Broadway (album #5) (Nov. 12); tries to become the next Nat King Cole?; incl. Hello Broadway. Marvin Gaye (1939-84) and Mary Wells (1943-92), Together (album) (Apr. 15) (#42 in the U.S.); Gaye's first charting album; Wells leaves Motown; incl. Once Upon a Time, What's the Matter With You Baby. Stan Getz (1927-), Joao Gilberto (1931-), and Antonio Carlos Jobim (1927-94), The Girl from Ipanema (#5 in the U.S.) (#29 in the U.K.); about the fashionable seaside neighborhood of Ipanema in Rio de Janeiro, inspired by 17-y.-o. Henoisa Eneida Menezes Paes Pinheiro (nee Pinto) (1945-), who likes to sashay past the Velosa Bar-Cafe to get wolf whistles; features Brazilian singer Astrud Gilberto (nee Weinert) (1940-), wife (since 1959) of Joao Gilberto, whom she leaves in the mid-1960s for Getz. Jimmy Gilmer (1940-) and The Fireballs, Daisy Petal Pickin' (#15 in the U.S.). Peter and Gordon, A World Without Love (album) (debut); incl. A World Without Love (Feb. 28) (debut) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (written by Paul McCartney, who gave it to them after deciding it wasn't good enough for the Beatles), Nobody I Know (May 29); I Don't Want to See You Again (album #2); I Don't Want to See You Again (Sept. 9), I Go to Pieces (Nov. 20); Peter Asher (1944-) (short redhead with glasses), Gordon Trueman Riviere Waller (1945-2009) (looks like John Lennon?); since Peter's redheaded sister Jane Asher (1946-) is dating Paul McCartney, they get to cover his songs (the ones written without John Lennon), some pub. under the alias Bernard Webb - the beginning of the Beatles breakup over McCartney's ego? Lesley Gore (1946-2015), Boys, Boys, Boys (album #3) (Apr.); incl. That's the Way Boys Are, I Don't Wanna Be a Loser; Girl Talk (album #4) (Oct.); incl. Maybe I Know, Hey Now, Sometimes I Wish I Were a Boy, Look of Love. Lorne Greene (1915-87), Ringo. Ferde Grofe (1892-1972), World's Fair Suite; official suite of the 1964 New York World's Fair; his last major suite. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Sing a Sad Song; written by Wynn Stewart; his first hit after getting out of priz in 1960 and going straight. George Hamilton IV (1937-), Fort Worth, Dallas or Houston. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Empyrean Isles (album #4); incl. One Finger Snap, Canteloupe Island. Francoise Hardy (1944-), Tous Les Garcons et Les Filles. Jet Harris (1939-) and Tony Meehan (1943-2005), Song of Mexico. Heinz, You Were There; Questions I Can't Answer. Hans Werner Henze (1926-), Der Junge Lord; Choral Fantasy. Herman's Hermits, Something Tells Me I'm Into Something Good; Show Me Girl. Ronnie Hilton (1926-2001), Don't Let the Rain Come Down. Al Hirt (1922-99), Cotton Candy (album); incl. Cotton Candy; Sugar Lips. The Hollies, Just One Look (Feb.) (#2 in the U.K.); Here I Go Again (#4 in the U.K.); We're Through (#7 in the U.K.). The Honeycombs, Have I the Right?; Is It Because; Martin Murray, Ken Howard, Alan Blaikley, Honey Lantree (drums), . John Lee Hooker (1917-2001), In Person (album); incl. Dimples, It Serves Me Right to Suffer. Frank Ifield (1937-), Don't Blame Me; Angry at the Big Oak Tree; Summer is Over; Say It Isn't So. Tony Jackson and the Vibrations, Bye Bye Baby. Wanda Jackson (1937-), The Violet and a Rose. Etta James (1938-2012), Loving You More Every Day. Waylon Jennings (1937-2002), Waylon at JD's (album) (debut) (Dec.). Gloria Jones (1945-), Tainted Love; written by Bruce Belland (1936-) of the Four Preps; not a big hit until Soft Cell does it in 1981. Jack Jones (1938-), Love With the Proper Stranger; The First Night of the Full Moon; Where Love Has Gone; Dear Heart. The Joystrings, It's an Open Secret (debut); A Starry Night; Now I Know; Salvation army pop group led by Joy Webb. Eden Kane (1941-), Boys Cry. The Kinks, Kinks (album) (debut) (Oct. 2); from London, incl. Dave Davies (1947-), Ray Davies (1944-), Pete Quaife (1943-) (bass), Michael Charle "Mick" Avory (1944-) (drums); incl. You Really Got Me (Aug. 4) (#7 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); All Day and All of the Night (Oct. 23) (#7 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.), Kinksize Session (EP) (Nov. 27); incl. Louie Louie. Kathy Kirby (1940-), You're the One; Let Me Go, Lover!. The Barron Knights, Call Up the Groups (debut) (#3 in the U.K.); original name Knights of the Round Table; from Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England, incl. Duke D'Mond (1943-) (vocals), Barron Anthony (Anthony John Osmond) (1934-) (vocals), Leslie John "Butch" Baker (1941-), Peter Langford (1943-) (bass), Dave Alan Ballinger (1939-) (drums); parodies top pop-rock groups, incl. the Dave Clark Five, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. Billy J. Kramer (1943-) and the Dakotas, Little Children (album); first album owned by Sandra Boynton?; incl. Little Children, From a Window, My Baby Left Me. Patti LaBelle (1944-) and the Bluebells, Danny Boy; Down the Aisle. Steve Lawrence (1935-), Can't Get Over (the Bossa Nova). Brenda Lee (1944-), Top Teen Hits (album); incl. Is it True (#17 in the U.S., #17 in the U.K.); Alone With You (#48 in the U.S.); Merry Christmas from Brenda Lee (album); incl. Jingle Bell Rock, Christmas Will Be Just Another Lonely Day (#25 in the U.K.). Barbara Lewis (1943-), Puppy Love (Jan.). Hank Locklin (1918-), Irish Songs, Country Style (album). Trini Lopez (1937-), Michael (Row the Boat Ashore). Ronald Lo Presti (1933-85), Elegy for a Young American; dedicated to JFK. Joe Loss and His Orchestra, March of the Mods. Darlene Love (1941-), Stumble and Fall. Lulu (1948-), Shout (by the Isley Brothers) (#7 in the U.K.); makes her a scottish singer Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie an instant hit in the U.K. at age 15. Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), Symphony No. 10 (posth.) (completed by Deryck Cooke). Henry Mancini (1924-94), The Pink Panther (album); incl. Pink Panther Theme. Manfred Mann, 5-4-3-2-1 (Jan. 10) (#5 in the U.K.); Hubble Bubble (Toil and Trouble) (Apr. 10); Do Wah Diddy Diddy (July 10) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); Sha La La (Oct. 9) (#12 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.). Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Simmer Down; #1 in Jamaica. Dean Martin (1917-95), Everybody Loves Somebody (Sometime); written in 1947 by Irving Taylor (1914-83) and Kermit "Ken" Lane (1912-96) (Dean Martin's pianist in "The Dean Martin Show"). Al Martino (1927-), I Love You More and More Every Day. The Marvelettes, Too Many Fish in the Sea. Peter, Paul and Mary, In Concert (album). Susan Maughan (1942-), Kiss Me Sailor. Meryseybeats, I Think of You; Wishin' and Hopin'. Migil Five, Mockingbird Hill; Near You. Jody Miller (1941-), He Walks Like a Man; Yes, My Darling Daughter. Charles Mingus (1922-79), Mingus Plays Piano (album); recorded on July 30, 1963; incl. Myself When I'm Real. The New Christy Minstrels, Today (album #6); Land of Giants (album #7); Randy Sparks sells out for $2.5M. The Miracles, Come On Do the Jerk; I Like It Like That (album #7); incl. I Like It Like That. Mojos, Everything's Alright; Why Not Tonight. Thelonious Monk (1917-82), It's Monk's Time (album); Monk (album); Solo Monk (album). Matt Monro (1930-85), Walk Away. Don DiMucci and the Belmonts, I'm Your Hoochie Coochie Man. The Naturals, I Should Have Known Better. Ricky Nelson (1940-85), For You. Anthony Newley (1931-99), In My Solitude (album); incl. Tribute; JFK tribute. The Newbeats, Bread and Butter. Luigi Nono (1924-90), La Fabbrica Illuminata; denounces capitalist exploitation. Phil Ochs (1940-76), All the News That's Fit to Sing (album) (debut); causes him to become known as the "singing journalist", which coincidentally jives with the fact that the New York Times was founded by no-relation Adolph Ochs; incl. Power and the Glory, The Bells (words by Edgar Allan Poe). Roy Orbison (1936-88), Oh Pretty Woman/ Yo Te Amo Maria (Aug.) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); Born on the Wind. Sounds Orchestral, Cast Your Fate to the Wind; the wistful piano 1-hit wonders. Gerry and the Pacemakers, I'm the One (Jan.) (#2 in the U.K.), Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying (Apr.) (#4 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying (album) (debut) (July) (#29 in the U.K.); incl. It's Gonna Be Alright (Sept.) (#24 in the U.K.); Ferry Cross the Mersey (Dec.) (#8 in the U.K.); after their 1964 A Hard Day's Night wannabe film Ferry Cross the Mersey flops, they break up in Oct. 1966. The Paramounts, Poison Ivy; Gary Brooker, Robin Trower; written by Jerry Leiber (1933-) and Mike Stoller (1933-). Tom Paxton (1937-), Ramblin' Boy (album) (debut) (Elektra Records); incl. Ramblin' Boy, The Last Thing on My Mind, I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound. The Four Pennies, Juliet; I Found Out the Hard Way; Black Girl. Crispian St. Peters (1939-2010), You Were On My Mind (#2 in the U.K.). Oscar Peterson (1925-2007), Canadiana Suite (album). The Poets, Now We're Thru; That's the Way It's Got to Be. Gene Pitney (1940-2006), That Girl Belongs to Yesterday (Jan.) (#9 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.); It Hurts to Be In Love (July) (#6 in the U.S., #36 in the U.K.); I'm Gonna Be Strong (Oct.) (#5 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Jazz Long Playing (album). Brian Poole and the Tremeloes, Someone, Someone (by the Crickets) (#2 in the U.K.); Candy Man (by Roy Orbison); Twelve Steps to Love; Brian Poole leaves in 1966, and is replaced by Len "Chip" Hawkes. Peter Posa (1943-), La Golondrina (The Swallow). The Four Preps, A Letter to the Beatles; after it peaks at #85 in the U.S., they know they are doomed as too square, and disband in 1969, after which Glen Larson (1937-) becomes producer of the TV series "Battlestar Galactica" and "Knight Rider". Elvis Presley (1935-77), Kissin' Cousins/ It Hurts Me (Feb.); Kissin' Cousins (album) (Apr.); Kiss Me Quick/ Suspicion (Apr.); What'd I Say/ Viva Las Vegas (Apr.); Viva Las Vegas (album) (July); Such a Night/ Never Ending (July); Ain't That Loving You Baby/ Ask Me (Sept.); Roustabout (album) (Nov.); incl. Roustabout; Blue Christmas/ Wooden Heart (Nov.). P.J. Proby (1938-), Hold Me; Together; Somewhere; I Apologise; Maria; known for wearing a pony tail tied with a ribbon, pirate shirts, buckle shoes, and skin-tight velvet suits, with pants that often split on stage, causing his act to be banned in England. Tommy Quickly and the Remo Four, Wild Side of Life. Jimmy and the Rackets, Black Eyes. Ezz Recco and the Launchers, King of Kings. Otis Redding (1941-67), Pain in My Heart (album) (debut) (Jan. 1) (#103 in the U.S., #28 in the U.K.); incl. Pain in My Heart (#61 in the U.S.), These Arms of Mine (#85 in the U.S.), That's What My Heart Needs, Security (#97 in the U.S.). Jim Reeves (1923-64), Welcome to My World (1964) (#2 country) (#102 in the U.S.) (a favorite of Meher Baba); I Guess I'm Crazy (1964) (posth.) (#1 country) (#82 in the U.S.); too bad, he dies on July 31, 1964 in Davidson County, Tenn. in a private plane crash, which doesn't stop his songs from charting; There's a Heartache Following Me; favorite of Meher Baba, causing his follower Pete Townshend of The Who to record his version on his first solo album "Who Came First" in 1972. Martha Reeves (1941-) and the Vandellas, Dancing in the Streets (#2 in the U.S.); Wild One. Paul Revere and The Raiders, Here They Come (album); ready to defend U.S. shores from the British rock & roll invasion?; incl. Mike "Doc" Holliday (bass), replaced by Phil "Fang" Volk. Cliff Richard (1940-) and The Shadows, On the Beach; Constantly; The Twelfth of Never; I'm the Lonely One; I Could Easily (Fall in Love with You); Don't Talk to Him. Little Richard, Bam Lama Bama Lou. The Righteous Brothers, You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); produced by Phil Spector; Bill Medley (1940-) and Bobby Hatfield (1940-2003); song with the most U.S. airplay in the 20th cent. Johnny Rivers (1942-), Johnny Rivers at the Whisky a Go Go (album) (debut) (Feb.) (#12 in the U.S.); incl. Memphis (by Chuck Berry) (#2 in the U.S.); Here We a Go Go Again! (album #2) (#38 in the U.S.); incl. Maybelline (by Chuck Berry), Midnight Special; In Action! (album #3) (#42 in the U.S.); incl. Mountain of Love. Marty Robbins (1925-82), The Cowboy in the Continental Suit (#3 country) (#103 in the U.S.). Cowboy in the Continental Suit. Tommy Roe (1942-), Carol; Come On; Party Girl. Julie Rogers (1943-), It's Magic (debut). The Ronettes, Presenting the Fabulous Ronettes featuring Veronica (album) (debut) (last album) (#96 in the U.S.); (The Best Part of) Breakin' Up (#48 in the U.S.); Walking in the Rain (#20 in the U.S.). Bobby Rydell (1942-), I Just Can't Say Goodbye (self-parody as his career ends?); Make Me Forget (is he a comedian or a pshrink?); A World Without Love (getting bitter are we?). Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), It's My Way! (album) (debut); incl. Now That the Buffalo's Gone (mistreatment of Native Ams.), Codeine, Universal Soldier; the Vietnam era's Pocahontas with a guitar?; sells it for $1 to a man at the Gaslight Cafe in Greenwich Village, N.Y., then buys it back 10 years later for $25K. Chris Sanford, Not Too Little Not Too Much. The Searchers, Needles and Pins (#13 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (2nd Liverpool group to have a top-20 U.S. hit); Don't Throw Your Love Away (#16 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); When You Walk in the Room (#35 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); Someday We're Gonna Love Again (#34 in the U.S., #11 in the U.K.); Love Potion No. 9 (#3 in the U.S.); What Have They Done to the Rain (#29 in the U.S., #13 in the U.K.). The Four Seasons, Rag Doll. The Downliners Sect, Baby, What's Wrong (debut) (June); Little Egypt (Sept.); Find Out What's Happening (Nov.); The Sect (album) (debut); an English version of Sam the Sam and the Pharaohs?; from Twickenham, London, incl. Don Craine (1945-), Keith Grant (1946-), Terry Gibson (1947-), Ray Sone, and Johnny Sutton (1945-) (drums). Pete Seeger (1919-2014), Where Have All the Flowers Gone?; written in 1955 after reading Mikhail Sholokhov's 1928 novel "And Quiet Flows the Don", with verses added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who is given 20% of the royalties; Broadsides - Songs and Ballads (album); Songs of Struggle and Protest, 1930-50 (album). The Seekers, Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M. (album) (debut) (Oct. 19); from Melbourne, Austalia, incl. Judith Durham (tambourine, piano), Athol Guy (bass), Keith Potger (guitar and banjo), and Bruce Woodley (guitar and mandolin); features The Sound of Silence, by soloist Paul Simon, whom they met in England; too bad, the Beatles Invasion causes slow sales, but after Simon & Garfunkel team up and get a hit with a rocked-up version made without their permission and released in Sept. 1965, it is re-released in Jan. 1966 and climbs to #30 in the U.S. and #24 in the U.K. Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Symphony No. 5. The Serendipity Singers, The Serendipity Singers (album) (debut) (Mar.) (#11 in the U.S.); incl. Don't Let the Rain Come Down (Crooked Little Man) (Feb.) (#6 in the U.S.), Beans in My Ears (1964) (#30 in the U.S.); originally the Newport Singers; from Boulder, Colo., incl. Bryan Sennett (1940-2011), Jon Arbenz (1940-2012), Bob Young (1939-2006), Brooks Hatch, Mike Brovsky, John Madden, and Lynne Weintraub. The Shadows, Zambesi; The Rise and Fall of Flingel Bunt; Theme for Young Lovers; Genie with the Light Brown Lamp; Geronimo; Rhythm and Greens. Bob Shane (1934-), Seasons in the Sun; composed in 1961 as "Le Moribond" (The Dying Man) by Jacques Brel (1929-78) of Belgium and tr. into English by Rod McKuen, becoming a 1974 hit by Terry Jacks (1944-). The Shangri-Las, Remember (Walking in the Sand) (July 20) (#5 in the U.S., #14 in the U.K.) (by George "Shadow" Morton); Leader of the Pack (#1 in the U.S.) (banned in the U.K., then hits #3 in 1972 after ban is lifted) (by George "Shadow" Morton, Jeff Barry, and Ellie Greenwich) ("I met him at the candy store/He turned around and smiled at me/ You get the picture?/ That's when I fell for the Leader of the Pack"); a "death disk", with a motorcycle crash at the end; piano by Billy Joel; white girl group from New York City; named after a restaurant in Queens, N.Y.; incl. sisters Mary Weiss (1948-) and Elizabeth "Betty" Weiss (1946-), and identical twins Marguerite "Marge" Ganser (1948-96) and Mary Ann Ganser (1948-70); Betty sings on the records but doesn't tour with the group until late 1965. Del Shannon (1934-90), Keep Searchin' (We'll Follow the Sun) (Nov.) (#9 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.). Sandie Shaw (1947-), Girl Don't Come; (There's) Always Something There to Remind Me; Girl Don't Come. Allan Sherman (1924-73), Allan in Wonderland (album); Peter and the Commissar (album); For Swingin' Livers Only (album). The Simon Sisters, Meet the Simon Sisters (album) (debut); incl. Winkin' Blinkin' and Nod (based on the poem by Eugene Field); Cuddlebug (album #2); incl. Cuddlebug, and Turn! Turn! Turn!; Lucy Simon (1943-) and Carly Elisabeth Simon (1945). Nina Simone (1933-2003), Black is the Color of My True Love's Hair; an old Celtic song; Sinnerman. Millie Small, My Boy Lollipop; Sweet William. The Spotnicks, Karelia. Dusty Springfield (1939-99), Wishin' and Hopin' (May) (#6 in the U.S.); I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself; Losing You; Stay Awhile. Terry Stafford (1941-96), Suspicion! (album) (debut); incl. Suspicion (#3 in the U.S.) (#31 in the U.K.) (1M copies); features a synthesizer worked by Bob Summers, brother-in-law of Les Paul; on Apr. 4, 1964 the Beatles hold the top five spots on the Billboard Hot 100, and this song is #6; a week later it peaks at #3, with the Beatles holding 3 of the top 5 spots. Ray Stevens (1939-), The Best of Ray Stevens (album). Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007), Plus/Minus. The Rolling Stones, The Rolling Stones (album) (debut) (Apr. 16); from London, England, incl. Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger (1943-) (vocals), Keith Richards (1943-) (guitar), Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (1942-69) (guitar), Ian Andrew Robert Stewart (1938-85) (keyboard), Bill Wyman (William George Perks) (1936-) (bass), Charles Robert "Charlie" Watts (1941-) (bass); in May 1963 Stewart is dismissed from the band, but stays on as session pianist and road mgr.; incl. Tell Me (You're Coming Back); 12 x 5 (album #2) (Oct. 17); incl. Around and Around, Confessing' the Blues, It's All Over Now, If You Need Me, 2120 South Michigan Avenue, Empty Heart; Not Fade Away. The Supremes, Where Did Our Love Go (first of 12 #1 hits); Baby Love; Come See About Me. The Surfaris, Murphy the Surfie; they disband in 1966. Nashville Teens, Tobacco Road (June) (debut) (#6 in the U.K., #14 in the U.S.); Google Eyes (#10 in the U.K.); from Surrey, England, incl. Arthur Sharp, Ray Phillips, John Hawken (piano), Mick Dunford (guitar), Pete Shannon (guitar), Pete Harris (bass), Dave Maine (drums), Barry Jenkins (1944-) - 4 stars for foresight? Nino Tempo (1935-) and April Stevens (1936-), Whispering; music by Vincent Rose (1880-1944), lyrics by Richard Coburn and John Schonberger (1892-1983). The Them, Gloria; from Northern Ireland, incl. Van Morrison (1945-) (vocals), Billy Harison (guitar), Alan Henderson (bass), and Ronnie Millings (drums). The Pretty Things, Rosalyn (debut) (#41 in the U.K.); Don't Bring Me Down (by Johnny Dee) (#10 in the U.K.); Honey I Need (#13 in the U.K.); "the uglier cousins of the Rolling Stones"; start out wearing black suits and ties and shades - the model for the Blues Brothers?; named after the 1955 Bo Diddley song "Pretty Thing"; former Rolling Stones member Richard Clifford "Dick" Taylor (1943-), Phil May (Phillip Arthur Dennis Wadey) (1944-), Brian Pendleton (1944-2001), John Stax (John Edward Lee Fullegar) (1944-) (bass), and Vivian St. John "Viv" Prince (1941-) (drums). Irma Thomas, Time Is On My Side. The Big Three, The Big Three Live at the Recording Studio (album #2) (last album). The Tokens, I Hear Trumpets Blow. The Four Tops, The Four Tops (album) (debut); Levi Stubbs (Stubbles) (1936-2008), Abdul "Duke" Fakir (1935-), Renaldo "Obie" Benson (1937-2005), Lawrence Payton (1938-97); incl. Baby I Need Your Loving. The Tornados, Joystick; Monte Carlo; Exodus. The Trashmen, Surfin' Bird (album) (debut); from Minneapolis, Minn., incl. Tony Andreason (vocals), Dal Winslow (guitar), Steve Wahrer (1941-89) (drums, vocals), Bob Reed (bass); incl. Surfin' Bird (#4 in the U.S.) (composed by The Rivingtons), Bird Dance Beat (#30 in the U.S.). Tommy Tucker (1933-82), Hi-Heel Sneakers (#11 in the U.S.). Twinkle, Terry. Unit 4 + 2, Green Fields (debut); Sorrow and Pain; Tommy Moeller (1945-) (vocals), Brian Parker (1940-) (guitar), David Ian "Buster" Meikle (1942-), Peter Moule (1944-) Howard "Lem" Lubin (1944-), Rod "Humble" Garwood (1944-), Hugh Halliday (1944-) (drums), Allan Price (1948-) (drums). Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, Dawn (Go Away) (#3 in the U.S.); Rag Doll (#1 in the U.S.); Silence is Golden; Ronnie; (Why Must I Be) Alone; Save It for Me; Sincerely; Big Man in Town; I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus. Various Artists, Funny Girl: Original Broadway Cast (album); incl. Barbra Streisand, Jule Styne; songwriter Bob Merrill. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Alley Alley Oh; Susie Q; Hello Dolly; Someone Must Have Hurt You a Lot. The Ventures, The Ventures in Space (album) (Jan.); incl. Solar Race; The Fabulous Ventures (album) (July); Walk, Don't Run Vol. 2 (album) (Oct.); incl. Walk Don't Run '64, Slaughter on Tenth Avenue. Bobby Vinton (1935-), There! I've Said It Again (#1 in the U.S., #34 in the U.K.); My Heart Belongs to Only You (#9 in the U.S.); Tell Me Why (#13 in the U.S.); Clinging Vine (#17 in the U.S.); Mr. Lonely (#1 in the U.S.); The Bell That Couldn't Jingle (#23 in the U.S.); Dearest Santa (#8 in the U.S.). Dionne Warwick (1940-), Walk On By (#6 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); You'll Never Get to Heaven (If You Break My Heart) (#34 in the U.S., #20 in the U.K.); Reach Out for Me (#20 in the U.S., #23 in the U.K.); Any Old Time of the Day; A House Is Not a Home. Mary Wells (1943-92), My Guy (Mar. 13) (#1 in the U.S.). The Who, Zoot Suit (debut); released under group name High Numbers. Andy Williams (1927-), The Wonderful World of Andy Williams (album) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. A Fool Never Learns (#13 in the U.S.); The Academy Award-Winning "Call Me Irresponsible" and Other Hit Songs from the Movies (album); incl. Charade (#100 in the U.S.); The Great Songs from "My Fair Lady" and Other Broadway Hits (album) (#5 in the U.S.); incl. On the Street Where You Live (#28 in the U.S.). Joe Williams (1918-99), Me and the Blues (album #4). Helmut Zacharias (1920-2002), Tokyo Melody; for the Tokyo Olympics. The Zombies, She's Not There (#2 in the U.S., #12 in the U.K.) (only U.K. top-40 hit); formed in 1961 in St. Albans, Hertfordshire England, incl. Rodney Terence "Rod" Argent (1945-), Paul Ashley Warren Atkinson (1946-2004), Colin Edward Michael Bluntstone (1945-), Christopher Taylor "Chris" White (1943-) (bass), and Hugh Grundy. Movies: Lewis Gilbert's The 7th Dawn (Sept. 2), based on the novel "The Durian Tree" by Michael Keon about WWII Malaya stars William Holden as Maj. Ferris, Capucine as Dhana Mercier, and Tesuro Tamba as Ng, who end up on opposite sides in the Communist insurgency after the war; married Holden and single Capucine end up hooking up for a couple of years on the side. Arthur Hiller's B&W The Americanization of Emily (Oct. 27), written by Paddy Chaefsky based on the 1959 William Bradford Huie novel stars James Garner as U.S. Lt. Cmdr. Charlie Madison, a "dog robber" who keeps his boss Am. William Jessup (Melvyn Douglas) supplied with dames, and Julie Andrews as war widow Emily Barham, who hooks up with him in 1944 London before D-Day, which he tries to fix so that "the first dead man on Omaha Beach must be a sailor" in order to avoid the Navy from being scrapped, and ends up becoming that man himself when his friend Lt. Cmdr. "Bus" Cummings (James Coburn) pushes him forward to get a better photo; both Garner and Andrews consider it their favorite film appearances (on or off the set?); "Charlie, tell us again how you won the war"; "You don't win a war with strategic bombers." Peter Glenville's Becket (Mar. 11) (Paramount Pictures), written by Edward Anhalt based on the 1959 Jean Anouilh play "Becket, or the Honour of God" and shot at Sheeperton Studios and on location in Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh Castle stars Richard Burton as Canterbury archbishop Thomas Becket (1118-70), whom Henry II (1133-89) (Peter O'Toole) has murdered on the altar, later claiming he didn't mean it; John Gielgud plays Louis VII, and Pamela Brown plays Eleanor of Aquitaine; does $9.1M box office on a $3M budget. Carl Lerner's Black Like Me (May 20), written by Lerner and his wife Gerda Lerner based on the 1961 book by John Howard Griffin stars James Whitmore as white man John Finley Horton, who passes as black while travelling on Greyhound buses through the Am. South, encountering racism from both sides. John Ford's Cheyenne Autumn (Oct. 3) (Warner Bros.) (Ford's 101st film of 102, and last Western), based on the 1941 Howard Fast novel "The Last Frontier" based on a true story by Mari Sandoz about 300 Cheyennes migrating from Okla. to Wyo. in 1878-9 is a rare Ford Western sans Wayne, starring Richard Widmark as Capt. Thomas Archer, James Stewart as Wyatt Earp, Carroll Baker as pacifist Quaker schoolteacher (Archer's babe) Deborah Wright, Edward G. Robinson as U.S. interior secy. Carl Schurz, and Sal Mineo as Red Shirt; does $3.5M box office on a $4M budget. Jacques Tourneur's The Comedy of Terrors (Jan. 22) stars Peter Lorre, Vincent Price, Boris Karloff, and Basil Rathbone as undertakers who insure their own employment. Paul Henreid's Dead Ringer (Warner Bros.) (Feb. 19) stars Bette Davis as identical twins , wealthy Margaret DeLorca and poor Edith Phillips, who kills her rich twin, frames her for suicide, and takes her place while her lover Sgt. Jim Hobbson (Karl Malden) tries to sniff her out; Peter Lawford plays Margaret's lover Tony Collins; does ? on a $1.2M budget. Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove, Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (Jan. 29) (B&W) (Columbia Pictures), written by Lee Pfeiffer, Peter Sellers, Stanley Kubrick, and Terry Southern, based on the 1958 novel "Red Alert" by Peter George, and filmed in Shepperton Studios in England, about the nuclear end of the world stars Peter Sellers as U.S. Pres. Merkin Muffley, British Group Capt. Lionel Mandrake, and Muffley's advisor, the crypto-Nazi title char. (a caricature of Edward Teller, John von Neumann, Wernher von Braun, or Herman Kahn?), complete with pocket radioactivity calculator and a black glove borrowed from Kubrick; Sterling Hayden (coming out of retirement) plays crazed U.S. Brig. Gen. Jack D. Ripper, who worries about losing his vital juices and his "purity of essence"; George C. Scott plays gum-chewing war hawk U.S. Gen. Buck Turgidson (based on Curtis LeMay), who utters the soundbyte: "Mr. President, I'm not saying we wouldn't get our hair mussed, but I do say no more than 10 to 20 million killed, tops"; the film debut of James Earl Jones (1931-) (coming with Scott from "Othello") as Lt. Lothar Zogg; Keenan Wynn plays Col. Bat Guano; after Sellers sprains his ankle in a cockpit mockup, retired rodeo prof. Slim Pickens (Louis Burton Lindley Jr.) (1919-83) (brother of Easy Pickens) is called in from the set of "One-Eyed Jacks" and plays Texas cowboy Maj. T.J. King Kong, the B-52 pilot who rides a phallic nuke from the bomb bay of a B-52 Stratofortress to hot dog glory in Russia; a final scene of a pie fight in the war room is cut; "A fellow can have a pretty good time in Vegas with all that stuff" (Kong); "Mein Fuhrer, I can walk!" (Dr. Strangelove); "The Hot-Line Suspense Comedy"; does $9.4M box office on a $1.8M budget. Sidney Lumet's B&W Fail-Safe (Oct. 7) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1962 Eugene Burdick and John Harvey Wheeler novel shows the U.S.-Soviet Doomsday scenario, with Henry Fonda as a U.S. pres. resigned to nuking New York City to pay for mistakenly nuking Moscow after a computer glitch; Larry Hagman plays his translator Buck; Walter Maathau plays maverick war hawk Prof. Groeteschele, based on Herman Kahn; Ed Binns plays bomber leader Col. Jack Grady, who completes his mission despite all enemy tricks (he thinks); Frank Overton plays Gen. Bogan, and Fritz Weaver plays Col. Cascio, who cracks under the pressure; Dan O'Herlihy plays Brig. Gen. Warren A. "Blackie" Black, who has a dream of a torreador before and after nuking his own country at the president's orders; too bad, "Dr. Strangelove", produced by the same studio was released first, numbing its shock value. Anthony Mann's The Fall of the Roman Empire (Mar. 24) stars Alec Guinness as Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Stephen Boyd as the the good general who tries to save it from his murderer son Commodus (James Mason, after Richard Harris turns it down because he so hated Hollywood for having to act in "The Wreck of the Mary Deare"); Sophia Loren plays Lucilla; do they really auction off the royal purple? Nathan Juran's First Men in the Moon (Nov. 20), based on the 1901 H.G. Wells novel debuts stars Lionel Jeffries as Joseph Cavor, inventor of Cavorite, who uses it to propel a ship to the Moon carrying him, Arnold Bedford (Edward Judd), and er, Katherine "Kate" Callender (Martha Hyer), where they encounter Moon Cows, Selenites, and the Prime Lunar. Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars (Per un Pungo di Dollari) (Oct. 20) (United Artists) (a remake of Akira Kurosawa's 1961 "Yojimbo") launches the made-in-Spain Spaghetti Western genre where the good guy is no longer good, and makes a star of San Francisco, Calif.-born Clinton "Clint" Eastwood Jr. (1930-), who plays the cheeroot-chomping "Man with No Name", dealing death with his never-failing guns and doing that patented thing with his face and eyes that says steely rage as he plays the Baxters off against the Rojos in San Miguel with the help of coffin maker Piripero (Joseph Egger) and saloonkeeper Salvanito (Jose Calvo); Charles Bronson turned down Eastwood's part; does $14.5M box office on a $225K budget; the wistful rockish Fistful of Dollars Theme by Italian composer Ennio Morricone (1928-) is influenced by the guitar style of Dick Dale, and scores the sequels, incl. For a Few Dollars More (1965), The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (1966), comprising the Dollars Trilogy, and Once Upon a Time in the West (1968). Guy Hamilton's Goldfinger (Sept. 17) (Eon Productions) (James Bond 007 film #3) stars Sean Connery as James Bond 007, Honor Blackman as Pussy Galore, Gert Frobe as Goldfinger, and Harold Sakata as his Korean asst. Oddjob with the frisbee-sword hat, plus the cool Goldfinger Theme, sung by half-black half-white Welsh singer Shirley Veronica Bassey (1937-), which is a hit, causing her to go on and sing the themes for "Moonraker" and "Diamonds Are Forever"; Bond first orders a "vodka martini - shaken, not stirred"; first use of his silver 1964 Aston Martin DB5 (1,059 produced in 1963-5), which becomes "the world's most famous car", and is purchased in 1969 for $12K by U.S. radio jock Jerry Lee; the subliminal suggestions of naked women in gold paint plus the clever use of the double entendres finger, oddjob, shaken not stirred, and 007 (as in inches) sells big tickets, doing $124.9M box office on a $3M budget; "What's your name?" (Connery); "Pussy Galore" (Blackman); "I must be dreaming" (Connery). Grigori Kozintsev's Hamlet (June 24), based on the Shakespeare play tr. by Boris Pasternak stars Innokenty Smoktunovsky as Hamlet, and features a score by Dmitri Shostakovich. Richard Lester's A Hard Day's Night (Aug. 11 in the U.S.) (United Artists) (title thought up by Ringo Starr) is the Beatles' first film and the first-ever music video, causing Philly-born film dir. Richard Lester (1932-) to become known as "Father of the Music Video"; the title song A Hard Day's Night begins with a G7 plus a ninth minus a fourth; John replies "Turn left at Greenland" to the question "How do you find America?"; Ringo replies "I'm a mocker" to the question "Are you a mod or a rocker?"; George replies "Arthur" to the question "What do you call that hairdo?"; "Steptoe and Son" star Wilfrid Brambell plays Paul McCartney's grandfather, always being called "a very clean old man" in deference to the TV show, where his son Harold always calls him "you dirty old man"; does $12.3M box office on a £189K budget; "If they get you on the floor, watch out for your brisket." Ralph Thomas' Hot Enough for June (Agent 8-3/4) (Mar. 10) (Rank Org.) is a James Bond wannabe flick based on the 1960 novel "The Night of Wenceslas" by Lionel Davidson and set in Padua, starring Dirk Bogarde as unemployed writer Nicholas Whistler, who is hired by Mi6 because he speaks Czech, and sent to Prague on a mission, where he meets beautiful Vlasta (Sylva Koscina, who lost the role of Tatiana Romanova in "From Russia with Love"), and takes on the Commie secret police, led by Simenova (Leo McKern), who tur Robert Aldrich's Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte (Dec. 15), based on a story by Henry Farrell stars Bette Davis as decrepit wealthy Southern spinster Charlotte Hollis, who was accused of murdering her married beau John Mayhew (Bruce Dern) in 1927, and lives with housekeeper Velma Cruther (Agnes Moorhead), fighting the La. Highway Commission and its eviction order by shooting at the bulldozer while calling for help from poor cousin Miriam Deering (Olivia de Havilland); Mary Astor plays Mayhew's elderly widow Jewel in her final screen appearance. Mikhail Kalatozov's I Am Cuba (Soy Cuba) is a rare great agitprop production from Castroland, glorifying El Jefe. Arthur Lubin's The Incredible Mr. Limpet (Mar. 28) is a part-live part-animated film about fish-lover Henry Limpet (Don Knotts), who gets his wish and turns into an animated fish, and works for the U.S. Navy helping sink Nazi subs while ditching his human wife Bessie (Carole Cook) for Ladyfish (Elizabeth MacRae) with the help of his friend George Stickel (Jack Weston). Kevin Brownlow's and Andrew Mollo's It Happened Here (B&W) is an alt. history of the U.K. after it is occupied by the Nazis; stars Pauline Murray as Irish nurse Pauline and a large number of amateur extras incl. ex-British Union of Fascists members and ex-Nazi SS and Wehrmacht soldiers; pisses-off critics by portraying Brits as easy recruits to Fascism; "The story of Hitler's England"; "The German invasion of Britain took place in 1940 after the retreat from Dunkirk." Donald Siegel's The Killers (July 7), a remake of the 1946 Burt Lancaster debut film based on an Ernest Hemingway short story stars Lee Marvin and Angie Dickinson, and is Ronald Reagan's last film. Billy Wilder's Kiss Me, Stupid (Dec. 22) (Lopert Pictures), written by Wilder and I.A.L. Diamond based on the play "The Dazzling Hour" by Anna Bonacci stars Ray Walston (after Jack Lemmon has too many commitments, and Peter Sellers suffers 13 heart attacks) as piano teacher Orville J. Spooner, who gets lucky when pop singer Dino (Dean Martin) has a car breakdown in his town of Climax, Nev. (really Twentynine Palms, Calif.), and hopes to interest him in his songs by getting Belly Button waitress and ho Polly the Pistol (Kim Novak, after Marilyn Monroe dies and Jayne Mansfield gets pregnant) to pose as his wife and have sex with him, only to have him end up doing it with his real wife Zelda (Felicia Farr); features songs by George Gershwin incl. "Sophia", "I'm a Poached Egg", and "All the Livelong Day"; too bad, the Catholic Legion of Decency bans the film (first since "Baby Doll" in 1956). ?'s Kitten with a Whip (Nov. 4) stars John Forsythe as softhearted Sen. candidate David Stratton, who is blackmailed into helping young vixen Jody Dvorak (Ann-Margret) escape from a reform school; "She's all out for kicks... and every inch of her spells excitement." Ubaldo Ragona's and Sidney Salkow's The Last Man on Earth, (Mar. 8), based on the 1954 Richard Matheson sci-fi horror novel "I Am Legend" stars Vincent Price as Dr. Robert Morgan, who lives in a world of vampires created by a plague; refilmed in 1971 and 2007. Sidney J. Furie's B&W The Leather Boys (Jan.) (British Lion-Columbia), based on the 1961 Gillian Freeman (alias Eliot George) novel is a British kitchen sink realist film about a biker gang with gay member Reggie (Colin Campbell), who starts out married to Dot, played by what-a-name Rita Tushingham until he meets his real love Pete (Dudley Sutton). Robert Rossen's Lilith (Sept. 27), based on a novel by J.R. Salamanca (based on the Biblical legend of Lilith, the bad Eve) and filmed at Chestnut Lodge in Rockville, Md. stars Warren Beatty as occupational therapist Vincent Bruce, who becomes obsessed with schizo nympho patient Lilith Arthur (Jean Seberg), engineers the suicide of rival patient Stephen Evshevsky (Peter Fonda), and ends up a patient himself; Kim Hunter plays Dr. Bea Brice, and Gene Hackman plays Norman; after clashing with Beatty too many times, Rossen gives up directing, with the soundbyte "Even if I never make another picture, I've got 'The Hustler' on my record. I'm content to let that one stand for me." Jack Cardiff's The Long Ships (June 24), a Yugoslavian film based on the 1941-5 hit Swedish novels by Frans Gunnar Bentsson stars Richard Widmark and Russ Tamblyn as Viking brothers Rolfe and Orm, who try to find "The Mother of Voices" (the golden bell in Santiago de Compostella, NW Spain), while Moorish Cordoban grand vizier Al-Mansur (938-1002) (Sidney Poitier) gets in their way, meanwhile unabashedly enjoying white babes like Aminah (Rosanna Schiaffino) and giving a taste of the Steel Mare to pikers; "Ride the Steel Mare". Alfred Hitchcock's Marnie (July 22), written by Jay Presson Allen based on the 1961 Winston Graham novel stars Tippi Hedren as big-spender Marnie Edgar, who is afraid of sex with men, thunderstorms, and the color red, and is also a kleptomaniac, using her charms on Sidney Strutt (Martin Gabel) to get a job and then rob his safe, after which his good customer Mark Rutland (Sean Connery) gives her a job, is robbed, and uses it to blackmail her into marrying him, only to find out she's frigid, causing him to rape her, after which psychobabble makes it come out all right?; Princess Grace Kelly was originally selected for Marnie, but Monaco wouldn't allow it since it portrays her as a sexually-repressed thief; Marnie's childhood problems are all the fault of sailor Bruce Dern. Robert Stevenson's Mary Poppins (Aug. 27), based on the P.L. Travers books is a Disney musical about a magical English nanny (Julie Andrews) who takes care of the Banks children, and features Dick Van Dyke as Bert the chimney sweep, who dances with animated penguins, and Ed Wynn as Uncle Albert; Andrews got the role after being passed over by Jack Warner for Eliza Dolittle in "My Fair Lady"; the film becomes Disney's #1 moneymaker (until ?); does $103.1M box office on a $6M budget; features the songs Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, A Spoonful of Sugar, Chim Chim Cheree. George Pollock's Murder Ahoy (Sept. 22), based on the Agatha Christie novels stars Margaret Rutherford as Miss Marple, Charles "Bud" Tingwell as Det. Inspector Craddock, and Lionel Jeffries as Capt. Rhumstone, and features the old crone fencing with an old navy cmdr.; "Emezzlement is one thing, proof of triple murder is another. Softly softly catchee monkey in a mousetrap". William Asher's Muscle Beach Party (Mar. 25) (Am. Internat. Pictures), starring Frankie, Annette, and foot-long muscleman "Rock Stevens" (Peter Lupus) is the sequel to "Beach Party", #2 of 7 Am. Internat. party flicks; features Dick Dale and The Del-Tones; the last screen appearance of Peter Lorre, and the screen debut of "Little" Stevie Wonder, who appears again in "Bikini Beach" (1964). George Cukor's My Fair Lady (Oct. 21) (Warner Bros.) stars A udrey Hepburn (after Julie Andrews is passed over despite her success in the state version) as Eliza Doolittle, and Rex Harrison as Prof. Henry Higgins in the Lerner-Loewe musical version of G.B. Shaw's "Pygmalion" (1913); Marni Nixon's voice is dubbed for Hepburn's; Leslie Howard played Higgins in the 1938 film; does $72M box office on the record (for a musical) $17M budget. John Huston's The Night of the Iguana (Aug. 6) (MGM), based on the 1961 Tennessee Williams play stars Richard Burton (after James Garner turns it down as "too Tennessee Williams for me") as Pleasant Valley, Va. Episcopal Rev. Dr. T. Lawrence Shannon, who is defrocked for hanky-panky with a "very young Sunday school teacher" and ends up as a tour guide for seedy Blake's Tours, Ava Gardner as widowed beach hotel owner Maxine Faulk, and Deborah Kerr as wandering artiste Hannah Jelkes; Susan Lyon plays underage Baptist Lolita Charlotte Goodall, who tries to seduce Burton, getting him accused of seducing her by shrewish "butch" bus leader Miss Judith Fellowes (Grayson Hall); Liz Taylor attends the set in Puerto Vallarta, causing mucho gossip, with Allan Sherman in Mar. 1964 performing "The Streets of Laredo" with new lyrics: makes Puerto Vallarta popular with tourists; does $12M box office on a $3M budget (#10 highest-grossing film of 1964); "They were down there to film The Night of the Iguana/ With a star-studded cast and a technical crew./ They did things at night midst the flora and fauna/ That no self-respecting iguana would do." Martin Ritt's The Outrage (Oct. 8), a retelling of Akira Kurosawa's 1950 film "Rashomon" about several conflicting witnesses to the same crime turned into a Western stars Laurence Harvey, Paul Newman, William Shatner, Edward G. Robinson, Howard Da Silva, and Claire Bloom. Jack Clayton's BW The Pumpkin Eater (Nov. 9) (Romulus Films) (Columbia Pictures) debuts, written by Harold Pinter based on the 1962 Penelope Ruth Mortimer novel, starring Anne Bancroft as thrice-married prodigiously fertile neurotic Jo Armitage, and Peter Finch as her well-paid screenwriter hubby Jake Armitage, who puts her in a pumpkin shell while they fuck like rabbits, causing her to get pregnant again, after which he makes her have an abortion and sterilization, after which she has a mental breakdown in Harrods; after discovering him being unfaithful, she ends up asking him "Why did you marry me?"; James Mason plays her 2nd hubby Bob Conway; "A cowlike creature with no aspirations or intellect above her pelvis" (Judith Crist); does $1.2M box office. Gordon Douglas' Robin and the 7 Hoods (June 24), set in 1930s Chicago stars the Rat Pack (Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr.); introduces the song My Kind of Town, written by Jimmy Van Heusen and Sammy Cahn. Don Taylor's Ride the Wild Surf (Aug. 5) (Columbia Pictures) is a beach party film featuring big wave surf movie surfing action on Waimea Beach on the North Shore of Oahu, starring Fabian, Tab Hunter, and Peter Brown as surfers Jody Wallis, Steamer Lane, and Chase Colton, who surf when not chasing beach babes Lily Kilua (Susan Hart), Brie Matthews (Shelley Fabares), and Augie Poole (Barbara Eden); does $1.4M box office; title song by Jan Berry, Roger Christian, and Brian Wilson is sung by Jan & Dean. Byron Haskin's Robinson Crusoe on Mars (June 17), filmed at Zabriskie Point in Death Valley, Calif. stars Paul Mantee as Cmdr. Christopher Draper, Victor Lundlin as Friday, Adam West as Col. Dan McCready, and Barney the Woolly Monkey as Mona. Ephraim Kishon's Sallah Shabati (Heb. "Excuse me for living") (June) is the first Israeli film to achieve internat. success, and is the film debut of Chaim Topol. Nicholas Webster's Santa Claus Conquers the Martians (Nov. 14) is some Martians who see Santa Claus on TV and decide to kidnap him to help their children learn to have fun, but later decide to let Martian Dropo (Bill McCutcheon) be Santa, returning the real one to Earth; worst film ever made? Bryan Forbes' Seance on a Wet Afternoon, based on the novel by Mark McShane stars Kim Stanley as disturbed English medium Myra, who kidnaps a wealthy child (Judith Donner) to prove her abilities; Richard Attenborough plays her hubby Billy. John Frankenheimer's Seven Days in May (Feb. 12), based on the 1962 Fletcher Knebel and Charles W. Bailey II novel stars Frederic March as U.S. pres. Jordan Lyman, whose gens. James Mattoon Scott (Burt Lancaster) and Martin "Jiggs" Casey (Kirk Douglas) attempt a coup after he supports a nuclear disarmament treaty. George Pal's Seven Faces of Dr. Lao (Mar. 10), based on the 1935 Charles G. Finney novel "The Circus of Dr. Lao" stars Tony Randall; first film to receive an honorary Oscar for makeup. R.G. Springsteen's Taggart (Dec. 24) (Universal) stars Tony Young as Kent Taggart, who is unjustly accused of murder; the film debut of Hollywood, Calif.-born David (John Arthur) Carradine (1936-2009) (son of actor John Carradine) as Cal Dodge. Andrew Marton's The Thin Red Line (May 2), based on the 1962 James Jones novel about the WWII Battle of Guadalcanal stars Keir Dullea as Pvt. Doll, who had to leave his new wife after eight days of marriage, and keeps saving the day while dealing with superior officers Col. Tall (James Philbrook) and 1st Sgt. Welsh (Jack Warden). Ib Melchior's The Time Travelers (Oct. 29) is about a group of scientists incl. Dr. Erik von Steiner (Preston Foster), Dr. Steven Connors (Philip Carey), and Carol White (Merry Anders), who use a time-viewing screen to travel through time; inspires the 1966 TV series "The Time Tunnel"; remade in 1967 as "Journey to the Center of Time". Jules Dassin's Topkapi (Sept. 17), based on the Eric Ambler novel stars Peter Ustinov, Melina Mercouri, a nd Maximilian Schell in a plot about heisting a jewel-encrusted dagger at the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul. Jacques Demy's The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (Feb. 19) is a musical starring Catherine Deneuve and Nino Castelnuovo, with music by Michel Legrand; features the song I Will Wait for You. Charles Walters' The Unsinkable Molly Brown (June 11) (MGM), written by Helen Deutsch based on the 1960 Meredith Willson and Richard Morris musical stars Debbie Reynolds (after Shirley MacLaine pulls out) as Molly Brown, and Harve Presnell as her wealthy hubby Johnny Brown; exteriors are filmed in the Black Canyon of the Gunnison Nat. Park in Colo.; does $11M box office. George Sidney's Viva Las Vegas (May 20) stars Elvis Presley as a race car driver, and Ann-Margret as the grand prize, with handsome debonaire Cesare Danova as his rival. J. Lee Thompson's What a Way to Go! (May 12) is a Shirley MacLaine vehicle, where as poor little glam girl Louisa May Foster she keeps marrying men who strike it rich only to suffer untimely deaths (Paul Newman, Dean Martin, Dick Van Dyke, Robert Mitchum, Gene Kelly), but all along only wanted love; brings in $11M on a $3.75M budget; Paul Newman's char. ("Money corrupts, art erupts") is named Larry Flynt. George Roy Hill's The World of Henry Orient (Mar. 19), written by Nunnally Johnson based on the Nora Johnson novel stars Peter Sellers as an eccentric womanizing concert pianist who tries to hook up with married Stella Dunnworthy (Paula Prentiss) while 15-y.-o. groupies Valerie Campbell "Val" Boyd (Tippy Walker) and Marian "Gil" Gilbert (Merrie Spaeth) follow him around and write a diary, after which Valerie's mother Isabel Boyd (Angela Lansbury) reads it and has an affair with Henry, while her hubby Tom Bosley looks the other way; Sellers' daughter Nora stars as a concert pianist. Michael Cacoyannis' Zorba the Greek (Alexis Zorbas) (Dec. 17), based on the 1946 Nikos Kazantzakis novel stars Anthony Quinn as a Greek laborer and Alan Bates as a British writer, who both go after babes their own age under a metaphysical funk; introduces the Greek Syrtaki (Sirtaki) dragging dance, based on the Hasapiko; "We come from a dark abyss, we end in a dark abyss, and we call the luminous interval life"; "A person needs a little madness, or else they never dare cut the rope and be free." Cy Endfield's Zulu (Jan. 22) (Paramount Pictures), about the epic Jan. 22-23, 1879 Battle (Defense) of Rorke's Drift in which 3K-4K Zulus staged repeated attacks against 150 British rifles of B Co., 2/24th Regiment, South Wales Borderers, commanded by Lt. Gonville Bromhead (Michael Caine, despite his Cockney accent) defending a mission station commanded by Lt. John Rouse Merriott Chard (Stanley Baker); Richard Burton voices the epilogue listing the 11 defenders who received the Victoria Cross, making them the most-awarded British regiment in a single action to that time; "A short-chamber Boxer-Henry point forty-five caliber miracle, and a bayonet... with some guts behind it!"; does $8M box office on a $3.5M budget. Plays: Edward Albee (1928-2016), Tiny Alice (Billy Rose Theatre, New York) (Dec. 29) (167 perf.); stars John Gielgud as Brother Julian, who becomes the pawn of his cardinal and a seductive wealthy woman and her lawyer; Andy Warhol utters the soundbyte that he likes it "because it is so empty", causing it to last as long as it does. James Baldwin (1924-87), Blues for Mister Charlie; about a white storekeeper who kills a black man to hook up with his black wife, which Medgar Evans investigates, getting assassinated for. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Dutchman and the Slave. S.N. Behrman (1893-1973), But for Whom Charlie. Anthony Burgess (1917-93), Nothing Like the Sun: A Story of Shakespeare's Love Life. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Reluctant Peer; The Bishop and the Actress; Two Accounts Rendered. Gunter Eich (1907-72), Unter Wasser; Bohmische Schneider; radio plays. William Gibson (1914-2008), Clifford Odets (1906-63), Lee Adams (1924-), and Charles Strouse (1928-), Golden Boy (musical) (Majestic Theatre, New York) (Oct. 20) (568 perf.); based on the 1937 Clifford Odets play, with the Italian-Am. hero turned African-Am.; stars Sammy Davis Jr. as boxer Joe Wellington and Beilly Daniels as promoter Eddie Satin; becomes a cult hit because of the score by Strouse and Adams. Frank Daniel Gilroy (1925-), The Subject Was Roses (Royale Theatre, New York City) (May 25) (882 perf.) (Pulitzer Prize); stars Martin Sheen as Timmy, who returns home from WWII and gets caught between squabbling parents John (Jack Albertson) and Nettie (Irene Dailey/Patricia Neal), then ends up leaving after trading I-love-yous with daddy. Jerry Herman (1931-) and Michael Stewart (1924-87), Hello, Dolly! (musical) (St. James Theater, New York) (Jan. 16) (2,844 perf.); produced by David Merrick; based on the 1955 Thornton Wilder play "The Matchmakers", and the hit song by Louis Armstrong; original title "Dolly, A Damned Exasperating Woman", changed for the Armstrong song; produced by David Merrick; stars Carol Channing (1921-) as meddling matchmaker Dolly Gallagher Levi after Ethel Merman (for whom the part was written), turns it down, followed by Mary Martin; filmed in 1969. Langston Hughes (1902-67), Jericho-Jim Crow (Sanctuary Theare, New York) (Jan. 5). Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), Hunger and Thirst (La Soif et la Faim). Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), Funnyhouse of a Negro (first play) (East End Theater, New York) (Jan. 14). Jean Kerr (1922-2003), Poor Richard (comedy). Phil King (1904-79) and Falkland L. Carey, Big Bad Mouse (comedy); stars Jimmy Edwards and Eric Sykes, who become known for their ad libbing, becoming the #1 attraction in West End, London in 1967-70. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), The Poker Session (Dublin). Alwin Nikolais (1910-93), Gallery. Ernest Kinoy (1925-2014) and Walter Marks, Bajour (Shubert Theatre, New York) (Nov. 23) (232 perf.), based on stories by Joseph Mitchell in The New Yorker about gypsies playing the bajour con game to swindle lonely women out of their life savings; stars Chita Rivera and Nancy Dussault; theatrical debut of Harry Goz. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), Home is the Hunter; comedy about Odysseus returning to Penelope. Felicien Marceau (1913-), La Preuve par Quatre. Terrence McNally (1938-), And Things That Go Bump in the Night (first play) (Guthrie Theater, Minneapolis) (Royale Theatre, New York) (Apr. 28, 1965) (16 perf.); about a family living in fear in their basement, incl. Fa, Grandfa, Ruby, her daughter Lakme, and her son Sigfrid, along with visitor Clarence. Bob Merrill (1921-98), Jule Styne (1905-94), and Isobel Lennart (1915-71), Funny Girl (musical) (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (Mar. 26) (1,348 perf.); stars Barbara Streisand as Fanny Brice; features the song People by Bob Merrill; filmed in 1968 starring Barbra Streisand and Omar Sharif. Arthur Miller (1915-2005), Incident at Vichy (New York); nine men picked up on suspicion of Jewishness wait like sheep in the waiting room in Vichy France in 1942, bringing up the nagging question of why there was so little Jewish resistance in WWII; After the Fall (1-act play) (Jan. 23) (New York); the only set is a chair; main char. is Quentin, who is obviously Miller, and exposes his failed marriage to an entertainer, causing the headlines to read "Marilyn's Ghost Takes the Stage"; it flops, then in Oct. 1964 Hedda Hopper announces in Photoplay mag. that a film version will be made starring Paul Loren and Sophia Loren, but it never happens. Charles Norman (1904-96), A Fall of Brightness (verse trilogy). Joe Orton (1933-67), Loot (Funeral Lives); Entertaining Mr. Sloane. John Osborne (1929-94), Inadmissible Evidence (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Sept. 9); middle-aged London solicitor Bill Maitland experiences a 2-day breakdown. Robert Patrick (1937-), The Haunted Host (Caffe Cino, Greenwich Village) (first play); launches his career in Off-Off-Broadway gay theater, with 300+ productions by the end of the decade. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Bonheur, Impair et Passe. Armand Salacrou (1899-1989), Comme les Chardons. Murray Schisgal (1926-), Luv (Booth Theatre, New York) (Nov. 11) (901 perf.); Milt (Alan Arkin) stops Harry (Eli Wallach) from jumping off a bridge, after which they share hard-luck stories, and Harry tries to foist his wife Ellen (Anne Jackson) on Milt so he can run away with a mistress. Peter Shaffer (1926-), The Royal Hunt of the Sun (London) (Feb. 8); the Spanish conquest of Peru; stars David Carradine as the doomed Inca king. Stephen Sondheim (1930-) and Arthur Laurents (1918-), Anyone Can Whistle (New York) (Apr.) (9 perf.); his biggest flop, starring Angela Lansbury as the mayor, who is escorted by four dancing choir boys while addressing the people, who are divided between the sane and the mad. Peter Ulrich Weiss (1916-82), Marat-Sade; the Marquis de Sade directs a prison play on July 13, 1808 about the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat on July 13, 1793. Patrick White (1912-90), Night on Bald Mountain. Lanford Wilson (1937-2011), The Madness of Lady Bright (Caffe Chino, Greenwich Village) (205 perf.) (first play), about aging drag queen Leslie Bright, becoming the first play to portray gays as normal people; it closes after the Apr. 2, 1967 suicide of gay owner Joe Cino (b. 1931). Sandy Wilson (1924-), Divorce Me, Darling! (musical). Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Expressions of Sea Level. Louis Aragon (1897-1982), Il ne m'est Paria que d'Elsa. Margaret Atwood (1939-), The Circle Game. Wendell Berry (1934-), November Twenty Six Nineteen Hundred Sixty Three (debut); illustrated by Ben Shahn; commemorates the death of Pres. JFK; "We know/ The winter earth/ Upon the body/ of the young/ President,/ And the early dark/ Falling"; The Broken Ground. John Berryman (1914-72), 77 Dream Songs (Pulitzer Prize); 18-line poems about middle-aged Henry; followed by His Toy, His Dream, His Rest (1968), more about Henry, which together become known as "The Dream Songs". Earl Birney (1904-95), Near False Creek Mouth. William Bronk (1918-99), The World, the Worldless. Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), Flowers for Hitler; written in Hydra Island, Greece; "A while ago this book would have been called Sunshine for Napoleon, and earlier still it would have been called Walls for Genghis Khan". Cecil Day-Lewis (1904-72), Requiem for the Living. Edward Dorn (1929-99), Hands Up!; From Gloucester Out. Robert Edward Duncan (1918-90), Roots and Branches. Gunter Eich (1907-72), Zu den Akten. William Everson (1912-94), The Poet is Dead: A Memorial for Robinson Jeffers; pub. under alias Brother Antoninus. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Man Does, Woman Is; Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), A Roof of Tiger Lillies. John Hollander (1929-), Philomel; set to music by Milton Byron Babbitt (1916-). David Ignatow (1914-97), Figures of the Human. Elizabeth Jennings (1926-2001), Recoveries. Patrick Kavanagh (1904-67), Collected Poems. Philip Larkin (1922-85), The Whitsun Weddings. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Laughing Rooster. Denise Levertov (1923-97), O Taste and See: New Poems. Robert Lowell (1917-77), For the Union Dead; incl. For the Union Dead (a reply to Allen Tate's 1928 "Ode to the Confederate Dead"), Beyond the Alps. William Meredith Jr. (1919-2007), The Wreck of the Thresher and Other Poems. Frank O'Hara (1926-66), Lunch Poems. Theodore Roethke (1901-63), The Far Field (posth.). Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Le Silence. F.R. Scott (1899-1985), Signature. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Black and White. Karl Shapiro (1913-2000), The Bourgeois Poet. Mark Strand (1934-), Sleeping with One Eye Open (debut). Derek Walcott (1930-), Selected Poems. Paul West (1930-), The Snow Leopard. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), Found Objects: 1962-1926; After I's. Novels: Kobo Abe (1924-93), The Ruined Map; a P.I. abandons his identity to locate a missing husband for a timid woman. China Achebe (1930-), Arrow of God. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Greybeard; a society with no younger generation. Jorge Amado (1912-2001), Shepherds of the Night. Eric Ambler (1909-98), A Kind of Anger. Poul Anderson (1926-2001), Trader to the Stars. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), The Rest of the Robots (short stories). Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Rector of Justin. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Tristano (first novel). J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Burning World; The Terminal Beach (short stories). Giorgio Bassani (1916-2000), Dietro la Porta. Saul Bellow (1915-2005), Herzog; philosophy prof. Moses Herzog writes philosophical letters to the people in his failed life; "A man may say, 'From now on I'm going to speak the truth.' But the truth hears him and runs away and hides before he's even done speaking"; "Somewhere in every intellectual is a dumb prick"; "You guys can't answer your own questions... What good are these efing eggheads! It takes an ignorant bastard like me to fight liberal causes"; "the liberal-bourgeous illusion of perfection, the poison of hope"; "Make it all clear to me in a few words." Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), Catch a Falling Spy; A Winter's Tale. Thomas Berger (1924-), Little Big Man; a white boy is raised by the Cheyenne; filmed in 1970 starring Dustin Hoffman. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Amras; Watten. Heinrich Boll (1917-85), Entfernen von der Truppe (Absent Without Leave). Leigh Brackett (1915-78), The Secret of Sinharat; People of the Talisman; John Braine (1922-86), The Jealous God; 30-y.-o. Irish Roman Catholic schoolteacher tries to break away from his mother in Yorkshire, who wants him to become a priest; Brain's favorite novel; filmed in 2005; title from the Alexander Pope line "The jealous God, when we profane his fires,/ Those restless passions in revenge inspires." Richard Brautigan (1935-84), A Confederate General from Big Sur (first novel). Brigid Brophy (1929-95), The Snow Ball. Sheila Burnford (1918-84), The Fields of Noon. Eugene Burdick (1918-65), The 480: A Novel of Politics; engineer John Tatch seeks the 1964 Repub. pres. nomination, and computers are used to simulate 480 groups to forecast his probable success. W.R. Burnett (1899-1982), The Roar of the Crowd: Conversations with an Es-Big-Leaguer. William S. Burroughs (1914-97), Nova Express; #3 in the Jumbled-Page Trilogy (1961-4). A.S. Byatt (1936-), The Shadow of the Sun (first novel); a young girl grows up in her daddy's shadow. Martin Caidin (1927-97), Marooned (Space Travellers); a manned spacecraft is stranded in Earth orbit; filmed in 1969. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Extreme Magic and Other Stories. John Dickson Carr (1906-77), Most Secret; rev. of the 1934 novel "Devil Kinsmere". Louis-Ferdinand Celine (1894-1961), Guignol's Band II: Le Point de Londres (posth.). John Cheever (1912-82), The Wapshot Scandal; the Wapshot family of St. Botolphs in New England get in trouble with lust and the IRS. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), A Caribbean Mystery (Nov. 6); Miss Marple. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), The Day Beaumont Became Acquainted with His Pain (Le Jour où Beaumont fit Connaissance avec sa Douleur); "The first time Beaumont became acquainted with his pain, he was in bed, and it must have been twenty-five past three in the morning. He turned over on the mattress, painfully, and felt the resistance of those bed-covers which took part in his turning, while in an incongruous way, opposing it. It was as if an invisible hand had twisted the material around his torso as well as his unmoving hips." (opening lines) Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Wingless Bird; Hannah Massey. A.J. Cronin (1896-1981), A Song of Sixpence. Len Deighton (1929-), Funeral in Berlin; Harry Palmer #3. R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), Too Few for Drums. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), Meet My Maker the Mad Molecule (short stories). Margaret Drabble (1939-), The Garrick Year. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), In a Barracks. Stanley Elkin (1930-95), Boswell: A Modern Comedy (first novel); wrestlers. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), The Magnetist's Fifth Winter; Broderna Casey. James T. Farrell (1904-79), What Time Collects. Howard Fast (1914-2003), Agrippa's Daughter. Charles G. Finney (1905-84), The Ghosts of Manacle (short stories). Louise Fitzhugh (1928-74), Harriet the Spy; "a milestone in children's literature", about 11-y.-o. Harriet M. Welsch, an aspiring writer in Upper East Side, New York City who likes to wear high-top sneakers and eat tomato sandwiches, and is encouraged by her nanny Ole Golly to become a spy and write it all down in a notebook; too bad, she loses it during a game of tag, and her classmates find it, forming the Spy Catcher Club to make her life miserable, starting a war; praised for its realism and damned for giving kids bad ideas; accused of promoting gayness because Fitzhugh is a lesbian and because of the Boy with the Purple Socks. Ian Fleming (1908-64), You Only Live Twice (James Bond 007 #11) (Mar. 26); 8 mo. after the murder of his wife Tracy Bond, messed-up Bond is sent to Japan to compose himself, and ends up seeking revenge on Ernst Stavro Blofeld and his wife Irma Blunt by posing as a Japanese fisherman; filmed in 1967; 007 James Bond writes the haiku "You only live twice: once when you're born, once when you look death in the face"; "Have you ever heard the Japanese expression 'Kirisute gomen?"; "Spare me the Lafcadio Hearn, Blofield"; Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang (3 vols.) (Oct. 22) (children's novel); Cmdr. Caractacus Pott buys and renovates the Paragon Panther 4-seat touring car, which proves to have intelligence; filmed in 1968. Margaret Forster (1938-), Dames' Delight: An Impudent Oxford Romp (first novel). Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Double-Barrel (Van de Valk #4); Valparaiso. Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-), A Mother's Kisses; 17-y.-o. Joseph and his mother Meg, who accompanies him to college. Max Frisch (1911-91), Gantenbein (Wilderness of Mirrors). Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973), I Luigi di Francia (The Louis of France). George Garrett (1929-2008), Cold Ground Was My Bed Last Night (short stories). Sir William Golding (1911-93), The Spire. Shirley Ann Grau (1929-), The Keepers of the House (Pulitzer Prize). Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Collected Short Stories. Joanne Greenberg (1932-), I Never Promised You a Rose Garden; pub. under the alias Hannah Green. autobio. novel about 16-y.-o. schizo Deborah Blau; filmed in 1977 and made into a play in 2004; no connection with the Joe South song. Davis Grubb (1919-80), Twelve Tales of Suspense and the Supernatural (One Foot in the Grave) (short stories). John Gunther (1901-70), The Lost City; Marson and Paula Jarrett in 1930s Vienna watch Hitler take over. L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), The Brickfield. John Hawkes (1925-98), Second Skin. Elizabeth Compton Hegemann (Woman Who Weaves) (1897-1962), Navaho Trading Days (posth.); Grand Canyon park ranger's wife goes Navajo. Carolyn Heilbrun (1926-2003), In the Last Analysis; first in the Kate Fansler mystery series (1964-2002); pub. under alias Amanda Cross. Robert A. Heinlein (1907-88), Farnham's Freehold. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), The Glass Cell (Dec. 31); Philip Carter in priz. Bohumil Hrabal (1914-97), Dancing Lessons for the Advanced in Age; one long sentence; a nasty old man starts a monologue with six sunbathing beauties, going into Czech. history and getting around to the old emperor who likes to look up women's skirts; how any good book must "make you jump out of bed in your underwear and run and beat the author's brains out". Jack D. Hunter (1921-2009), The Blue Max (first novel); German infantry Col. joins the Luftwaffe and tries to win the Blue Max by getting 20 kills. Fannie Hurst (1889-1968), Fool, Be Still. Christopher Isherwood (1904-86), A Single Man; author's favorite of his nine. B.S. Johnson (1933-73), Albert Angelo; has cut-through pages to allow the reader to skip forward. Uwe Johnson (1934-84), Karsch, und Andere Prosa; Eine Reise Wegwohin (An Absence). Bel Kaufman (1911-2014), Up the Down Staircase; NYT bestseller (64 weeks); semi-autobio. novel about novice idealistic English teacher Sylvia Barrett picks the wrong school, a delinquent-ridden New York inner city school, and almost decides to resign to find a smaller private school, until she discovers that she has touched her students' lives; filmed in 1967 starring Sandy Dennis; "The book that got teaching right" (The New Yorker). Thomas Keneally (1935-), The Place at Whitton (first novel). Ken Kesey (1935-2001), Sometimes a Great Notion. Jeremy Larner (1937-), Drive, He Said (first novel); title taken from the poem "I Know a Man" by Robert Creeley; about college basketball star Hector Bloom, whose rev. roommate burns the campus down; wins the Delta Prize for first novels, which was unclaimed for several years and has grown to $10K; "Nothing like this could happen in America" (Playboy); filmed in 1971, becoming Jack Nicholson's dir. debut. Emma Lathen, Accounting for Murder; John Putnam Thatcher #3. Margaret Laurence (1926-87), The Stone Angel; set in fictional Manawaka (really Neepawa), Manitoba, about a cemetery monument from Italy with no eyeballs. Stanislaw Lem (1921-2006), The Invincible; a spaceship lands on a distant planet and finds a mechanical micro-robot (nanobot) life form, the product of millions of years of "necroevolution", complete with artificial swarm intelligence. John Lennon (1940-80), In His Own Write (first book) (short stories); "As a member of the most publified Beatles my and (P, G, and R's) records might seem funnier to some of you than this book, but as far as I'm conceived this correction of short writty is the most wonderfoul larf I've ever ready. God help and breed you all." Meyer Levin (1905-81), The Fanatic; a Jewish poet tries to deal with his treatment by the Nazis. John D. MacDonald (1916-86), The Deep Blue Good-by; first in series of 21 novels about "salvage consultant" Travis McGee, "knight in rusting armor", who lives on his 52-ft. houseboat "Busted Flush", docked at Slip F-18, Bahia Mar Marine, Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., and makes his living recovering loot from thefts and swindles and keeping half; Nightmare in Pink; A Purple Place for Dying; The Quick Red Fox. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), The Search. Wallace Markfield (1926-2002), To An Early Grave (first novel); four Jewish intellectuals drive across Brooklyn to a friend's funeral; filmed in 1968 as "Bye Bye Braverman"; a Jewish "Ulysses"? John Percival Martin (1879-1966), Uncle; first in a children's series (1964-73) about a millionaire elephant with a B.A. from Oxford U. who likes to wear a purple dressing gown, and whose clean past is marred by one discreditable incident; friends incl. Old Monkey, One-Armed Badger, Goodman the Cat, Noddy Ninety, Cloutman, the King of the Badgers, and Butterskin Mute; his enemies are the inhabitants of Badford Castle, whose estate blights the landscape in front of his Homeward Castle. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Rascals' Heaven. Carson McCullers (1917-67), Sweet as a Pickle and Clean as a Pig. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Running Scared (first novel); Cambridge U. student Tom Betancourt lets his best friend commit suicide, them visits his parents and falls in love with his sister; filmed in 1972 by David Hemmings. Robert Merle (1908-2004), A Sentient Animal; based on the work of John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001); filmed in 1973 starring George C. Scott. Jean Merrill (1923-), The Pushcart War. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Him They Compelled. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), Silk and Insight. R.K. Narayan (1906-2001), Gods, Demons and Others. Nicholas Monsarrat (1910-79), A Fair Day's Work; labor unrest in a shipyard. Robert Nathan (1894-1985), The Fair. Francois Nourissier (1927-), Un Petit Bourgeois. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), With Shuddering Fall (first novel); the disastrous love affair of Shar and Karen. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Girls in Their Married Bliss. Flann O'Brien (Brian O'Nolan) (1911-66), The Dalkey Archive. Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), A Personal Matter (Kojinteki na Taiken). John O'Hara (1905-70), The Horse Knows the Way (short stories). Marcel Pagnol (1895-1974), L'Eau des Collines; incl. "Jean de Florette", "Manon des Sources". Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Scarlet Seed; last in the Heaven Tree Trilogy; Flight of a Witch; George Felse. Frederik Pohl (1919-) and Jack Williamson (1908-2006), The Reefs of Space; #1 in the Starchild Trilogy (1965, 1965, 1969), about scientist Steve Ryeland and his companion Oporto in a future Earth run by the Plan of Man Computer. Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), An Autobiographical Novel; rev. ed. 1991. Robert Henry Rimmer (1917-2001), The Rebellion of Yale Marratt; yummy bigamy. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Toxique. Mari Sandoz (1896-1966), The Beaver Men: Spearheads of Empire. Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), Laberintos (Labyrinth). Wiliam Saroyan (1908-81), One Day in the Afternoon; sequel to "Boys and Girls Together" (1963). Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80), Les Mots. Paul Mark Scott (1920-78), The Corrida at San Feliu. Allan Seager (1906-68), A Frieze of Girls: Memoirs as Fiction (short stories). Hubert Selby Jr. (1928-2004), Last Exit to Brooklyn (short stories) (first work); pub. by Evergreen Press; wonderful stories about homosexuality, drug addiction, brutality, gang rape et al.; Allen Ginsberg utters the soundbyte that it will "explode like a rusty hellish bombshell over America and still be eagerly read in a hundred years"; prosecuted for obscenity in Britain and banned in Italy, making it more popular?; filmed in 1989 by Uli Edel. Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), First Night on a Sweet Saturday. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Road to Volgograd. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), Short Friday (short stories). Terry Southern (1924-95) and Mason Hoffenberg, Candy; sexually explicit novel first pub. in France in 1958 and suppressed by Charles de Gaulle is pub. in the U.S., creating a sensation and raising the bar for obscenity prosecution. Howard Spring (1889-1965), Winds of the Day (last novel). George Steiner (1929-), Anno Domini: Three Stories. Elizabeth Taylor (1912-75), The Soul of Kindness. Jim Thompson (1906-77), Pop. 1280. Philip Toynbee (1916-81), Two Brothers: The Fifth Day of the Valediction of Pantaloon. William Trevor (1928-), The Old Boys; The Boarding House. Anne Tyler (1941-), If Morning Ever Comes. Jack Vance (1916-2003), The Star King; first in the Demon Princes series, featuring shadowy philosopher Baron Bodissey (booty, dick, and pussy?), known for soundbytes incl. "Of all wars, these [religious wars] are the most detestable, since they are waged for no tangible gain, but only to impose a set of arbitrary credos on another", and "The malefactor becomes the creature of his own deeds." Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Julian; Roman pagan emperor Julian the Apostate (reigned 360-363). Peter De Vries (1910-93), Reuben, Reuben; based on Welsh poet Dylan Thomas; filmed in 1983 by Robert Ellis Miller. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Man; Sen. Douglass Dilman becomes the first black U.S. pres. after a 14th cent. German cathedral falls on everybody higher up the chain; The Three Sirens. Mika Waltari (1908-79), The Roman. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Bill for the Use of a Body; They Used Dark Forces. Patrick White (1912-90), The Burnt Ones (short stories). Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Second Generation; Harold Owen, his brother Gwyn Owen, his son Peter Owen and wife Kate Owen experience the stark contrasts between Oxford and Morris Motors. Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), The Old Gods Laugh. Sol Yurick (1925-2013), The Warriors; retells the story of the 401 B.C. March of the Ten Thousand in Xenophon's "Anabasis" with rival New York City gangs of the 1950s; filmed in 1979 by Walter Hill. Births: Am. 6'5" football hall-of-fame linebacker (black) (San Francisco 49ers #94, 1986-91, 1998-9) (Dallas Cowboys #94, 1992-6) Charles Lewis Haley on Jan. 6 in Gladys, Va.; educated at James Madison College; first to win five Super Bowl rings. English rock bassist Mark O'Toole (Frankie Goes to Hollywood) on Jan. 6 in Liverpool. Am. Repub. White House comms. dir. (2017) Anthony "Scar" "the Mooch" Scaramucci on Jan. 6 in Long Island, N.Y.; educated at Tufts U., and Harvard U. Am. "Ben Sanderson in Leaving Las Vegas", "Ben Gates in National Treasure" actor (h.s. dropout) Nicolas Cage (Nicolas Kim Coppola) on Jan. 7 in Long Beach, Calif.; nephew of "Godfather" film dir. Francis Ford Coppola (1939-). Am. zillionaire Amazon.com founder (richest man on Earth in 2018-) Jeffrey Preston "Jeff" Bezos (nee Jorgensen) on Jan. 12 in Albuquerque, N.M.; grows up in Houston, Tex.; educated at Princeton U. Am. folk rock musician Bradley Kenneth "Brad" Robert (Crash Test Dummies) on Jan. 10 in Winnipeg, Man. English "Bill Miller in Still Standing", "Roland in A Knight's Tale", "Fred Flintstone" actor Mark Addy on Jan. 14 in York. U.S. 6' First Lady (2009-) (black) (first African-Am. First Lady) Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama on Jan. 17 in Chicago, Ill.; wife (1992-) of U.S. Pres. Barack Obama (1961-); their first date is to see Spike Lee's "Do the Right Thing"; mother of Malia Ann Obama (1998-) and Natasha "Sasha" Obama (2001-); educated at Princeton U. (first First Lady to attend an Ivy league univ.) and Harvard U. (3rd First Lady after Hillary Clinton and Laura Bush with a postgrad degree); her Princeton senior thesis titled "Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community" is on the racial divide, using questionnaires to reveal that the black alumni don't identify with the African-Am. community any longer, with the soundbyte: "I have found that at Princeton, no matter how liberal and open-minded some of my white professors and classmates try to be toward me, I sometimes feel like a visitor on campus, as if I really don't belong"; her Harvard J.D. thesis is er, low-achieving; "To describe it as hard to read would be a mistake; the thesis cannot be read it all, in the strict sense of the verb. This is because it wasn't written in any known language" - Christopher Hitchens. English rock bassist Andrew Michael "Andy" Rourke (The Smiths) on Jan. 17 in Manchester. Malaysian Islamist terrorist and microbiologist Yazid (bin) Sufaat (Shufaat) on Jan. 20 in Johor; educated at Cal. State U. Sacramento. Am. football player (Washington Redskins #36, 1987-8) (black) Timothy LaRay "Timmy" Smith on Jan. 21 in Hobbs, N.M. Am. "Det. Olivia Benson in Law & Order: SVU" actress Mariska (Hungarian "Mary") Magdolna Hargitay on Jan. 23 in Santa Monica, Calif.; daughter of Jayne Mansfield (1933-67) and hubby (since 1958) Mr. Universe Mickey Hargitay (1926-2006), whom she divorces on Aug. 26, 1964 after claiming she couldn't maintain "an intellectual attachment" to him; on June 29, 1967 at 3 y.-o. she is asleep in the back of the car when her mommy is killed in Sidell, La.; wife (2004-) of Peter Hermann. South Korean feminist installation artist (female) Lee Bul on Jan. 25 in Yeongju. Jordanian Hashemite Prince (Sunni Muslim) Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein on Jan. 26 in Amman; son of Prince Ra'ad bin Zeid and Margaretha Inga Elisabeth Lind. Am. 6'0" golfer Albert Woody Austin II on Jan. 27 in Tampa, Fla.; educated at the U. of Miami. Am. "Nina in Point of No Return", "Allison Allie Jones in Single White Female" actress Bridget Jane Fonda on Jan. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Peter Fonda (1939-2019) and Susan Jane Brewer; granddaughter of Henry Fonda (1905-82); niece of Jane Fonda (1937-); sister of Justin Fonda (1966-); named after Jane Fonda and Bridget Hayward (-1960), daughter of Margaret Sullvan (1909-60). Scottish singer-musician Roddy Frame (Aztec Camera) on Jan. 29 in East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire. Am. thrash metal musician Jeffrey John "Jeff" Hanneman (d. 2013) (Slayer) on Jan. 31 in Oakland, Calif.; German father; grows up in Long Beach, Calif. Am. rock musician Jani Lane (John Kennedy Oswald) (Warrant) on Feb. 1 in Akron, Ohio. English "Michael Cutter in Law & Order" actor Linus William Roache on Feb. 1 in Manchester; son of William Roache (1932-). Am. "Dr. Karen Ross in Congo", "Janet Venable in Primal Fear" actress Laura Linney on Feb. 5 in New York City. Am. Olympic swimmer Cynthia "Sippy" Woodhead on Feb. 7 in Riverside, Calif. Am. libertarian radio-TV host (Roman Catholic turned Mormon) Glenn Lee Beck on Feb. 10 in Everett, Wash.; of German descent; grows up in Mount Vernon, Wash. Irish chef Richard Corrigan on Feb. 10 in Dublin. Am. Repub. Alaska gov. #11 (2006-9) Sarah Louise Palin (nee Heath) on Feb. 11 in Sandpoint, Idaho; grows up in Alaska - Sarah, Sarah Palin, Queen of the Alaskan Frontier? U.S. Rep. (R-Ohio) (2007-) James Daniel "Jim" Jordan on Feb. 17 in Champaign County, Ohio; educated at the U. of Wisc., Ohio State U., and Capital U. Law School. Am. biochemist Jennifer Anne Doudna on Feb. 19 in Washington, D.C.; grows up in Hilo, Hawaii; educated at Pomona College, and Harvard U. Am. "Gremlins" actor Zachary Wolfe "Zach" Galligan on Feb. 14 in New York City; educated at Columbia U. Am. "Tommy Boy", "Beverly Hills Ninja" actor-comedian Christopher Crosby "Chris" Farley (d. 1997) on Feb. 15 in Madison, Wisc. Am. 6'0" basketball player-coach (white) (Cleveland Cavaliers #25, 1986-95) (Charlotte 49ers, 2015-) William Mark Price on Feb. 15 in Bartlesville, Oka.; brother of Brent Price (1968-); educated at Georgia Tech. Am. country singer Michael Reynolds (Pinmonkey) on Feb. 15. Am. meteorologists ("the rock star of meteorologists") James D. "Jim" Cantore on Feb. 16 in Beacon Falls, Conn.; gorws up in White River Junction, Vt.; educated at Lyndon State College. English "Doctor Who #9" actor Christopher Eccleston on Feb. 16 in Salford, Lancashire. U.S. Rep. (R-Ohio) (1995-2000, 2007-) James Daniel "Jim" Jordan on Feb. 17 in Urbana, Ohio; educated at the U. of Wisc., and Ohio State U. Am. "The Outsiders", "Rumble Fish", "There's Something About Mary" actor Matthew Raymond "Matt" Dillon on Feb. 18 in New Rochelle, N.Y.; #2 of six children; discovered in a school hallway by movie scouts at age 14. Am. "The Fortress of Solitude" novelist (Jewish) Jonathan Allen Lethem on Feb. 19 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; educated at Bennington College. Am. "Stanford Blatch in "Sex and the City" actor (straight) William Garson "Willie" Garson (d. 2021) on Feb. 20 in Highland Park, N.J.; educated at Wesleyan U., and Yale U. Am. "Harry Solomon in "3rd Rock from the Sun" actor Milton French Stewart on Feb. 20 in Albuquerque, N.M. Am. astronaut Mark Edward Kelly on Feb. 21 in Orange, N.J.; husband (2007-) of Gabrielle Giffords (1970-). Norwegian rock musician John Norum (Europe) on Feb. 23 in Vardo. Am. "In the Bedroom", "Blood Meridian" actor-dir. Todd Field on Feb. 24 in Pomona, Calif. Kuwaiti 9/11 al-Qaida mastermind (Sunni Muslim) Khalid Sheikh Mohammed on Mar. 1 (Apr. 14, 1965?) in Balochistan, Pakistan (Kuwait?); Deobandi preacher father; grows up in Kuwait; uncle of Ramzi Yousef (1968-). Am. heavy metal drummer Paul Steven Bostaph (Slavery, Testament, Exodus, Forbidden) on Mar. 4 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. 6'1" basketball player (white) (Orlando Magic, 1989-94) Scott Allen Skiles on Mar. 5 in La Porte, Ind.; educated at Mich. State U. Am. basketball player (black) Reggie "Silk" Williams on Mar. 5 in Baltimore, Md. Am. "Less Than Zero", "American Psycho" novelist (bi) Bret Easton Ellis on Mar. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Barb in The New Adventures of Old Christine" actress-comedian (black) Wanda Sykes on Mar. 7 in Portsmouth, Va. English rock drummer Peter "Pedro" "Ped" Gill (Frankie Goes to Hollywood) on Mar. 8 in Liverpool. French "Hana in The English Patient" actress ("La Binoche") Juliette Stalens Binoche on Mar. 9 in Paris; daughter of French dir. Jean-Marie Binoche and a Polish mother; of French Flemish, Brazilian, and Moroccan descent. Swedish singer-songwriter (black) ("Black Madonna") Neneh Marianne Karlsson Cherry on Mar. 10 in Stockolm; Sierra Leonean father and Swedish mother; step-daughter of Don Cherry (1936-95); sister of Eagle-Eye Cherry (1971-). English prince Edward Antony Richard Louis, Earl of Wessex on Mar. 10 in Buckingham Palace, London; youngest child and 3rd son of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip; created earl in 1999. Am. "Whitley Gilbert Wayne in A Different World" actress Jasmine Guy on Mar. 10 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. "Friday Night Lights", "Hancock" actor-dir.-producer-writer (Jewish) Peter Berg on Mar. 11 in New York City. Am. Repub. politician Winsome Earle Sears on Mar. 11 in Kingston, Jamaica; immigrates to the U.S. at age 6; grows up in Bronx, N.Y.; educated at Tidewater Community College, Old Dominion U., and Regent U. Am. baseball 1B player (San Francisco Giants #22, 1986-93) (Texas Rangers, 1994-8) (lefty) William Nuschler "Will the Thrill" Clark Jr. on Mar. 13 in New Orleans, La.; descendant of Lewis and Clark Expedition leader William Clark (1770-1838). Pakistani journalist Zaid Hamid (Syed Zaiduzzaman Hamid) (AKA Zaid Zaman) on Mar. 14 in Karachi. Am. musician (black) Rockwell (Kennedy William Gordy) on Mar. 15 in Detroit, Mich.; son of Berry Gordy Jr. (1929-). Am. folk singer-songwriter Patty Griffin on Mar. 16 in Old Town, Maine. Am. "West Wing" Brat Pack actor Rob Lowe on Mar. 17 in Charlottesville, Va. Belgian singer (Muslim) Natacha Atlas on Mar. 20 in Brussels; Egyptian father, British Muslim mother; Jewish great-great-grandfather on her father's side. Am. buffet-loving "cherub-like demeanor" comedian-singer John Pinnette on Mar. 23 in Boston, Mass. Am. "Slim Keith in Infamous" actress Hope Davis on Mar. 23 in Englewood, N.J. Am. "Tale of Despereaux", "Mercy Watson" children's writer Katrina Elizabeth "Kate" DiCamillo on Mar. 25 in Merion, Penn. Am. 5'5" hall-of-fame bowler Norm Duke on Mar. 25 in Mount Pleasant, Tex. Am. "Rebecca Washington in The Practice" actress (black) Lisa Gay Hamilton on Mar. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; wife (2009-) of Robin D.G. Kelley (1962-). Australian 6'0" model-actress ("The Body") Elle "the Body" "the Big Elle" Macpherson (Eleanor Nancy Gow) on Mar. 29 in Killara, Sydney; wife (1986-9) of Gilles Bensimon (1944-); five covers of Sports Illustrated in the 1980s-90s; called "The Big Elle" by Time mag. in 1986. Am. "Fast Car", "Give Me One Reason" singer-songwriter (black) (gay) Tracy Chapman on Mar. 30 in Cleveland, Ohio; educated at Tufts U.; lover of Alice Walker (1944-). Am. "Steve Sanders in Beverly Hills, 90210" actor (Jewish) Ian Andrew Ziering on Mar. 30 in Newark, N.J.; Russian-Austrian Jewish descent parents; educated at William Paterson U. Canadian 6'2" hockey player Ronald Scott Stevens on Apr. 1 in Kitchener, Ont. Am. "Nancy Burton in Ed" actress Jana Marie Hupp on Apr. 2 in Spokane, Wash. British Independence Party leader Nigel Paul Farage on Apr. 3 in Downe, Kent; educated at Dulwich College. Am. "Cousin Oliver in The Brady Bunch" actor Robert Anthony "Robbie" Rist on Apr. 4 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Kiwi "Maximus in Gladiator", "John Nash in A Beautiful Man", "Jeffrey Wigand in The Insider" actor-singer-producer-dir. Russell Ira Crowe on Apr. 7 in Wellington. Am. hip-hop singer (black) Cheryl "Salt" James on Apr. 8 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; collaborator of Sandra "Pepa" Denton (1964-). Am. country singer Steve Azar on Apr. 11. Am. baseball pitcher (Kansas City Royals, 1984-91) Bret William "Sabes" Saberhagen on Apr. 11 in Chicago Heights, Ill. English climate activist William Michael Connolley on Apr. 12; educated at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford U. Am. singer-songwriter (lesbian) Amy Elizabeth Ray (Indigo Girls) on Apr. 12 in Decatur, Ga. Canadian "Hilda in Sabrina the Teenage Witch" actress-comedian Caroline Gilchrist Rhea on Apr. 13 in Montreal. Chechen Islamist terrorist leader ("Russia's Osama bin Laden") Dokka (Doku) Khamatovich Umarov on Apr. 13 in Kharsenoi. Am. rock musician-producer-actor Maynard James (James Herbert) Keenan (Tool) on Apr. 17 in Ravenna, Ohio. Am. "Robin Stokes in Waiting to Exhale" actress (black) Lela Rochon (Staples) on Apr. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif.; wife (1990-) of Antoine Fuqua (1966-). Scottish "The Ascent of Money", "Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World" historian Niall Campbell Douglas Ferguson (pr. NEEL) on Apr. 18 in Glasgow; educated at Magdalen College, Oxford U.; husband (2011-) of Ayaan Hirsi Ali (1969-). English "Gollum in The Lord of the Rings", "Caesar in Rise of the Planet of the Apes" actor-dir.-writer Andrew Clement G. "Andy" Serkis on Apr. 20 in Ruislip Manor, London; Armenian descent father named Serkisian. Canadian Olympic swimmer Alexander Sasha "Alex" Baumann on Apr. 21 in Prague, Czech.; emigrates to Canada in 1969. Am. actor-comedian Cedric the Entertainer (Cedric Antonio Kyles) on Apr. 24 in Jefferson City, Mo. Beninese "Cinque in Amistad" "Solomon Vandy in Blood Diamond" 6'3" actor (black) Djimon Hounsou on Apr. 24 in Cotonou. Am. composer Augusta Read Thomas on Apr. 24 in Glen Cove, N.Y.; wife of Bernard Rands (1934-). English rock singer Andrew Ivan "Andy" Bell (Erasure) on Apr. 25 in Peterborough. Am. "Moe Szyslak and Chief Wiggum in The Simpsons", "Huff" actor-comedian-dir. Hank Azaria on Apr. 25 in Forest Hills, Queens, N.Y. U.S. defense secy. #27 (2019-20) Mark Thomas Esper on Apr. 26 in Uniontown, Penn.; Lebanese Christian Marionite immigrant paternal grandfather; educated at West Point, Harvard U., and George Washington U. Am. porno star Dick Smothers Jr. on Apr. 26 in Las Vegas, Nev.; son of Dick Smothers (1939-) - perfect name for the job? English royal Lady Sarah Frances Elizabeth Chatto on May 1 in Kensington Palace, London; only daughter of Antony Armstrong-Jones (1930-2017) and Princess Margaret (1930-2002); only niece of Elizabeth II; youngest grandchild of George VI and Queen Elizabeth; sister of David Armstrong-Jones, viscount Linley (1961-); wife (1994-) of Daniel Chatto (1957-). Dutch 5'5-1/2" Olympic speed skater Yvonne Maria Therese van Gennip on May 1 in Haarlem. Am. TV journalist Jodi Applegate on May 2 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Canadian 6'3" hockey player Ronald Jeffrey "Ron" Hextall on May 3 in Brandon, Manitoba. Am. "The Orientalist" "The Black Count" historian-biographer-journalist (Jewish) Tom Reiss on May 5 in New York City; educated at Harvard U., and U. of Houston. Am. 4'11" "Audrey Griswold in National Lampoon's European Vacation" actress Dana Hill (nee Dana Lynne Goetz) (d. 1996) on May 6 in Encino, Los Angeles, Calif. Australian "Seven Types of Ambiguity" novelist (Jewish) Elliot Perlman on May 7. Am. "Half-Pint in Little House on the Prairie" actress Melissa Gilbert on May 8 in Los Angeles, Calif.; adopted; half-sister of Jonathan Gilbert (1968-) and Sara Gilbert (1975-). Am. chef Carla Hall on May 12 in Nashville, Tenn.; educated at Howard U. Am. "The Colbert Report" comedian Stephen Tyrone Colbert on May 13 in Washington, D.C.; of Irish Roman Catholic extraction. Am. astronaut USAF Col. James McNeal "Vegas" Kelly on May 14 in Burlington, Iowa; educated at the U. of Ala. Am. rock musician Eric Peterson (Testament) on May 14. English "Frost on My Moustache" travel writer Tim Moore on May 18 in Chipping Norton. Russian chief rabbi (2000-) (Jewish) Berel Lazar (Shalom Dovber Pinchas Lazar) on May 19 in Milan, Italy; emigrates to Russia in 1990. Am. "Entertainment Tonight" host (black) Kevin Timothy Frazier on May 20; educated at Morgan State U. English journalist Charles Edward Maurice Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, Viscount Althorp on May 20 in London; younger brother of Princess Diana Spencer (1961-97). Slovakian cosmonaut (first Slovak in space) Ivan Bella on May 25 in Brezno, Czech. Am. singer-songwriter-producer (black) (Jewish) Leonard Albert "Lenny" Kravitz on May 26 in New York City; son of Sy Kravitz (1924-2005) and Roxie Roker (1929-95); Russian Jewish descent father, Bahamian mother. Am. comedian (atheist) Adam Lakers Carolla on May 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Italian descent father, Irish descent mother. Kiwi historian (Muslim convert) Joel S.A. Hayward on May 27 in Christchurch; educated at the U. of Canterbury. Am. "She Is His Only Need", "No One Else on Earth" singer Wynonna (Sioux "firstborn daughter") Ellen Judd (Christina Claire Ciminella) on May 30 in Ashland, Ky.; daughter of Naomi Judd (1946-); sister of Ashley Judd (1968-); named after the line "Don't forget Winona" in the song "Route 66". Am. rock musician ("The Nightwatchman") Thomas Baptiste "Tom" Morello (Rage Against the Machine) on May 30 in New York City. Am. "Raising Hell" rapper (black) (alcoholic) Darryl Matthews "D.M.C." McDaniels (Run-D.M.C.) on May 31 in Harlem, N.Y. Am. baseball exec Bryan Paul Colangelo on June 5 in Chicago, Ill.; son of Jerry Colangelo (1939-); educated at Cornell U. Am. thrash metal musician Kerry Ray King (Slayer) on June 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. German rock singer Doro (Dorothee Pesch) (Warlock) on June 3 in Dusseldorf. Am. ballerina Darci Anna Kistler on June 4 in Riverside, Calif. Am. "The Kids Are All Right" dir.-writer (Jewish) (lesbian) Lisa Chodolenko on June 5 in Los Angeles, Calif.; of Russian Jewish descent. Am. 6'9" basketball player-musician (black) (Indiana Pacers #23, 1985-9) (Sacramento Kings #23, 1989-94) (Phoenix Suns #23, 1994-7) Wayman Lawrence Tisdale (d. 2009) on May 15 in Fort Worth, Tex.; educated at the U. of Okla. Am. "The Promise" singer-songwriter Richard Slaid Cleaves on June 9 in Washington, D.C. Am. rock drummer Jimmy Chamberlain (Smashing Pumpkins) on June 10 in Joliet, Ill. Am. "Monica Geller in Friends", "Gale Weathers in Scream", "Jules Cobb in Cougar Town", "girl in Bruce Springsteen's Dancing in the Dark video" actress-producer Courteney Cox-Arquette (Courtney Bass Cox) on June 15 in Birmingham, Ala.; partner (1989-95) of Michael Keaton and (2013-15) Johnny McDaid; wife (1999-) of David Arquette (1999-2013); first person to use the word "period" on U.S. TV to mean the monthlies. Iraqi smiling devil (Ace of Hearts) Uday Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti (d. 2003) on June 18 in Tikrit; eldest son of Saddam Hussein and 1st wife Sajida Talfah; brother of Qusay Hussein (1966-2003). British Conservative PM (2019-22) Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson on June 19 in New York City; son of Stanley Johnson (1940-); of English, French, Turkish Muslm, and Russian Jewish descent; educated at Eton College, and Balliol College, Oxford U.; mayor #2 of London (2008-16). Am. "Love's Abiding Joy" dir.-writer-producer Michael Landon Jr. on June 20 in Encino, Calif.; son of Michael Landon (1936-91). Am. country musician Porter Carlton Howell (Little Texas) on June 21 in Longview, Tex. Greek choreographer Dimitris Papaioannou on June 21 in Athens. Am. "Matt Fielding in Melrose Place", "Tom Scavo in Desperate Housewives" actor Douglas Peter "Doug" Savant on June 21 in Burbank, Calif. Am. "The Da Vinci Code", "Angels and Demons" novelist Daniel "Dan" Brown on June 22 in Exeter, N.H.; son of Phillips Exeter Academy math prof. Richard G. Brown and musician Constance Brown; educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, and Amherst College; in 1994 he vacations in Tahiti and reads Sidney Sheldon's "Doomsday Conspiracy", "and I began to suspect that maybe I could write a 'thriller' of this type one day." Am. "Janice Licalsi in NYPD Blue", "Eady in Heat", "Amy Gray in Judging Amy" actress Amy Frederica Brenneman on June 22 in New London, Conn.; daughter of Frederica S. Brenneman, Harvard Law School grad. and superior court judge in Conn.; educated at Harvard U. English pop singer Stedman Pearson (Jr.) (Five Star) on June 29 in Romford, Essex. Cuban-Am. baseball player (Oakland Athletics, 1985-92) Jose Canseco Capas Jr. on July 2 in Havana, Cuba; twin brother Ozzie is also a ML baseball player; emigrates to the U.S. in 1965. Am. murderer Andrea Yates (nee Andrea Pia Kennedy) on July 2 in Hallsville, Tex.; German immigrant father, Irish descent mother. Am. "The Break-Up", "Ant-Man" dir. Peyton Tucker Reed on July 3 in Raleigh, N.C.; educated at U. of N.C. Lebanese fashion designer Eli Saab on July 4 in Beirut. South Korean "The Quiet Family", "A Bittersweet Life" "The Last Stand" dir. Kim Jee-woon on July 6 in Seoul. Am. "The People vs. Larry Flynt" singer-actress Courtney Michelle Love (Courtney Love Cobain) (Courtney Michelle Harrison) (Hole) on July 9 in San Francisco, Calif.; granddaughter of Paula Fox (1923-); wife (1992-4) of Kurt Cobain (1967-94); actress Drew Barrymore is godmother to their daughter. Am. Ams. for Prosperty Tea Party leader Tim Phillips on July 13 in Spartanbug, S.C.; educated at Liberty U., and Va. Tech. Am. "The Boogeyman" wrestler (black) Martin "Marty" Wright on July 15 in Phoenix, Ariz. Spanish 6'2" cyclist Miguel "Miguelon" Angel Indurain Larraya on July 16 in Villava, Navarre; wins Tour de France 1991-5. Am. porno actor Evan Stone on July 18 in Dallas, Tex.; a 30-sec. clip of him and Tristan Kingsley in a porno is mistakenly broadcast by Comcast to subscribers during the Super Bowl on Feb. 1, 2009. Am. "Queen of All Media" radio-TV host (black) Wendy Williams on July 18 in Ocean Township (near Asbury Park), N.J.; educated at Northeastern U. Am. rock musician Chris Cornell (Christopher John Boyle) (d. 2017) (Soundgarden, Audioslave) on July 20 in Seattle, Wash. Am. "Ryan O'Reilly in Oz", "Mayhem in Allstate Insurance commercials" actor Dean Gerard Winters on July 20 in New york City; educated at Colo. College. Am. "Luigi in Super Mario Bros.", "Violator in Spawn" actor-comedian-producer Jonathan Alberto "John" Leguizamo on July 22 in Bogota, Colombia; at age 4 moves with family to New York City; first big movie role is Luigi in "Super Mario Brothers" (1993). Am. "Eli Turnbull in Coneheads", "Richard Hayden in Tommy Boy" actor-comedian David Wayne Spade on July 22 in Birmingham, Mich. Am. rock drummer Nick Menza (Megadeth) on July 23 in Munich, Germany; son of Don Menza (1936-). Am. baseball player (black) Barry Bonds on July 24 in Riverside, Calif. Somalian pres. (2009-) (Sunni Muslim) (black) Sharif Sheikh Ahmed on July 25 in Shabeellaha Dhexe. Am. "Annie Porter in Speed", "Gracie Hart in Miss Congeniality" actress-producer-dir.-screenwriter Sandra Annette Bullock on July 26 (3:15 a.m.) in Arlington, Va. Am. music producer-songwriter-singer Robert Clivilles (Clivillés) (C+C Music Factory) on July 30; of Puerto Rican ancestry. Am. "Jasmine Dubrow in Independence Day" actress (black) Viveca Anjanetta Fox on July 30 in South Bend, Ind. German 5'11" soccer player-coach Jurgen (Jürgen) Klinsmann on July 30 in Goppingen. Irish 5'8" rock guitarist James Steven Ignatius "Jim" Corr (Corrs) on July 31 in Dundalk. Am. "Mr. Jones" rock singer-producer (Jewish) Adam Fredric Duritz (Counting Crows) on Aug. 1 in Baltimore, Md.; of Russian descent, but likes to impersonate an African Jamaican. Am. "Ruth Jamison in Fried Green Tomatoes", "Amy Gardner in The West Wing", "Nancy Botwin in Weeds" actress Mary-Louise Parker on Aug. 2 in Columbia, S.C.; Swedish, English, Scottish, Irish, German, and Dutch ancestry. Am. fashion designer Anna Sui on Aug. 4 in Detroit, Mich.; Chinese immigrant parents. Am. hip hop musician (Jewish) (Buddhist) Adam Nathaniel "MCA" Yauch (d. 2012) (AKA Nathanial Hornblower) (Beastie Boys) on Aug. 5 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; educated at Bard College. Australian "He Died with a Felafel in His Hand" novelist John Birmingham on Aug. 7 in Liverpool, England; emigrates to Australia in 1970. Am. NBC-TV journalist Hoda (Arab. "guidance") Kotb (Arab. "North/South Pole") (pr. KOT-bee) on Aug. 9 in Norman, Okla.; Egyptian immigrant parents; educated at Va. Tech. Canadian-Am. 5'10" hockey hall-of-fame player Brett Andrew Hull on Aug. 9 in Belleville, Ont.; son of Bobby Hull (1939-). Am. R&B singer (black) Aaron Hall (Guy) on Aug. 10 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. "Marcus Taylor in Tour of Duty" actor (black) Miguel A. Nunez (Núñez) Jr. on Aug. 11 in New York City; Dominican descent father, black mother. Am. rock musician Keith Howland (Chicago) on Aug. 14 in Silver Spring, Md. Am. "Shauna in Entourage" Debi Mazar on Aug. 15 in Queens, N.Y.; Latvian Jewish father, Catholic mother (converted to Judaism, Buddhism, and Jehovah's Witnesses?). Am. "A Good Heart" singer-songwriter Maria Louise McKee (Lone Justice) on Aug. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. 6'8" basketball player (black) (New York Knicks #34, 1986-91) Kenneth "Kenny" "Sky" Walker on Aug. 18 in Roberta, Ga.; educated at the U. of Ky. U.S. Rep. (R-S.C., 2011-) Harold Watson "Trey" Gowdy III on Aug. 22 in Greenville, S.C.; educated at Baylor U., and U. of S.C. Russian cosmonaut Salizhan Shakirovich Sharipov on Aug. 24 in Uzgen, Kyrgyzstan. English "Scarlett O'Hara in Gone With the Wind" actor Joanne Whalley on Aug. 25 in Salford, Manchester; wife (1988-) of Val Kilmer. Canadian "Scarborough Rapist", "Schoolgirl Killer" serial murderer Paul Kenneth Bernardo (AKA Paul Jason Teale) on Aug. 27 in Scarborough, Ont.; husband (1991-4) of Karla Homolka (1970-). Australia "THe Adventure of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert" Stephan Elliott on Aug. 27. Canadian-Am. "Thomas A. Anderson/Neo in The Matrix", "Theodore Ted Logan in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure", "Jack Traven in Speed" actor (dyslexic) Keanu (Hawaiian "cool breeze") Charles Reeves on Sept. 2 in Beirut, Lebanon; Am. Hawaiian-Chinese-Portuguese-English descent father, English mother; father abandons family when Keanu is three - Keanu, Ashton, or Einstein? Am. 6'8" 745 lb. amateur sumo wrestler (black) Emmanuel "Manny" Yarborough on Sept. 5 in Rahway, N.J. Am. "Carla Rodrigo in Fearless", "Gloria Clemente in White Men Can't Jump" actor-dir. Rosa "Rosie" Maria Perez on Sept. 6 in Bushwick, Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. '6'1" wrestler Scott "Raven" Levy (Anthony) on Sept. 8 in Philadelphia, Penn.; educated at the U. of Del. not to be confused with the actor Scott Levy (1971-). Am. "Dr. Barry Farber in Friends", "Stan Rothenstein in My Cousin Vinny" actor Mitchell Whitfield on Sept. 8 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "B'Elanna Torres" actress-producer-dir. Roxann Dawson on Sept. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. TV commentator (libertarian) Gregory John "Greg" Gutfeld on Sept. 12 in San Mateo, Calif.; educated at UCB. Am. "BET Tonight" radio-TV personality (black) Tavis Smiley on Sept. 13 in Gulfport, Miss.; grows up in Bunker Hill, Ind.; educated at Ind. U. Am. "Corky Sherwood in Murphy Brown" actress Faith Alexis Ford on Sept. 14 in Alexandria, La. Am. heavy metal guitarist David Michael "The Snake" Sabo (Skid Row) on Sept. 16 in Perth Amboy, N.J. Am. "Officer Judy Hoffs in 21 Jump Street" actress (black) Holly Elizabeth Robinson Peete on Sept. 18 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. "She's in Love with the Boy" country singer Patricia Lynn "Trisha" Yearwood on Sept. 19 in Monticello, Ga.; wife (2005-) of Garth Brooks (1962-), who discovered her. Israeli feminist politician (Jewish) Aliza lavie on Sept. 23 in Kfar Saba; educated at Bar-Ilan U. Am. "Lt. Col. Danny McKnight in Black Hawk Down" actor Thomas Edward "Tom" Sizemore on Sept. 24 in Detroit, Mich. ; educated at Michigan State U., Wayne State U., and Temple U. Am. salesforce.com founder (Jewish) Marc Russell Benioff on Sept. 25 in San Francisco, Calif.; educated at USC. Am. heavy metal drummer John Tempesta (Exodus, Testament, White Zombie) on Sept. 26 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. "The Majority Report" actress-comedian Janeane Garofalo on Sept. 28 in Newton, N.J. Am. rock musician Taime Downe (Gustave Molvik) (Faster Pussycat) on Sept. 29 in Seattle, Wash. Am. musician Ernest Joseph "Trey" Anastasio III (Phish) on Sept. 30 in Ft. Worth, Tex. Italian "Dr. Lena Fiore Kendricks in Tears of the Sun", "Persephone in The Matrix Reloaded" supermodel-actress Monica Anna Maria Bellucci on Sept. 30 in Citta de Castello, Umbria. Am. rock bassist Robert Carl "Robby" Takac Jr. (Goo Goo Dolls) on Sept. 30 in Buffalo, N.Y. English "Children of Men", "Dr. John W. Thackery in The Knick" actor Clive Owen on Oct. 3 in Keresley, Coventry, Warwickshire. Am. rock musician Dave Dederer (The Presidents of the United States of America) on Oct. 5 in Seattle, Wash. Am. "Save Love" journalist-columnist (gay) Daniel Keenan "Dan" Savage (Keenan Hollahan) on Oct. 7 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ill.; husband (2005-) of Terry Miller. Chinese astronaut Nie Haisheng on Oct. 13 in Zaoyang, Hubei. Chinese Alibaba co-founder Jack Ma (Ma Yun) on Oct. 15 in Hangzhou, Zheijiang. Italian astronaut Roberto Vittori on Oct. 15 in Viterbo, Lazio. English "Saturn's Children" sci-fi/fantasy novelist Charles David George "Charlie" Stross on Oct. 18 in Leeds. Am. "Extreme Makeover: Home Edition" host Gary Tygbert Burton "Ty" Pennington on Oct. 19 in Atlanta, Ga. U.S. Sen. (D-Calif.) (2017-) (black) (Hindu) Kamala Devi (Hindu "She of the Lotus") Harris on Oct. 20 in Oakland, Calif.; Tamil Indian mother, black Jamaican descent fathr; educated at Howard U., and UC Hatings. Am. rock musician Jim "Soni" Sonefeld (Hootie & the Blowfish) on Oct. 20 in Lansing, Mich. Am. rock drummer David Ryan (The Lemonheads) on Oct. 20. Lebanese-Am. journalist Brigitte Gabriel (nee Hanan Qahwaji) on Oct. 21 in Marjayoun; emigrates to the U.S. in 1989. Am. rock bassist Robert Trujillo (Roberto Agustin Miguel Santiago Samuel Trijullo Veracruz) (Metallica, Suicidal Tendencies) on Oct. 23 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. Olympic silver medal figure skater Paul Wylie on Oct. 28 in Dallas, Tex. Am. poker player (vegan) ("the Poker Professor") Howard H. Lederer on Oct. 30 in Concord, N.H.; son of Richard Lederer (1938-); brother of Annie Lederer (1965-) and Katy Lederer; educated at Columbia U. Am. food critic (gay) Frank Anthony Bruni on Oct. 31 in White Plains, N.Y.; educated at UNC, and Columbia U. Am. "The Well-Traveled Home" interior designer Sandra Espinet on Oct. 31 in Trinidad and Tobago. Am. "Comfortably Numb", "The Accountant" dir.-producer Gavin O'Connor on Oct. 30 in Long Island, N.Y.; grows up in Huntingdon, N.Y. Am. "Awful, Beautiful Life" country singer Darryl Wade Worley on Oct. 31 in Memphis, Tenn.; raised in Pyburn, Tenn.; educated at the U. of North Ala. Dutch "Xenia Onatopp in GoldenEye", "Dr. Jean Grey/Phoenix in X-Men", "Ava Moore in Nip/Tuck" actress Famke (Dutch "little girl") Beumer Janssen on Nov. 5 in Amstelveen. U.S. education secy. #9 (2009-16) Arne Duncan on Nov. 6 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Harvard U. Am. musician-actor (Scientologist) Daniel "Danny" Keough on Nov. 6 in Chicago, Ill.; husband (1988-94) of Lisa Marie Presley (1968-); father of Riley Keough (1989-). Jamaican rap artist (black) Sandra "Pepa" Denton (Salt-N-Pepa) on Nov. 9 in Kingston; moves to Queens, N.Y. as a child; collaborator of Cheryl "Salt" James (1964-). Am. "Ally McBeal", "Kitty Walker McCallister in Brothers & Sisters" actress Calista (Gr. "most beautiful") Kay Flockhart on Nov. 11 [Scorpio] in Freeport, Ill.; Transnistrian father; wife (2010-) of Harrison Ford (1942-); educated at Rutgers U. Am. rock drummer Scott Mercado (Candlebox) on Nov. 11. Am. rock bassist David Warren "Dave" Ellefson (Megadeth) on Nov. 12 in Jackson, Minn. Am. economist Michael Robert Kremer on Nov. 12 in New York City; educated at Harvard U.; 2019 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. computer scientist ("hacker philosopher") Paul Graham on Nov. 13; educated at Cornell U., and Harvard U.; husband (2008-) of Jessica Livingston (2972-). English "Womenomics" BBC News journalist Katherine "Katty" B. Kay on Nov. 14 in Wallingford, Berkshire (modern-day Oxfordshire), educated at St. Hilda's College, Oxford U. ; wife of Tom Carver (1960-). Am. "Saab salesman Puddy in Seinfeld" actor Patrick Warburton on NOv. 14 in Paterson, N.J.; son of Barbara Lord (1937-). Am. hip hop singer (black) Joseph Ward "Rev. Run" "DJ Run" Simmons (Run-D.M.C.) on Nov. 14 in Hollis, Queens, N.Y.; brother of Russell Simmons (1957-) and Diggy Simmons. Am. baseball pitcher (black) ("Dr. K.") (New York Mets, 1984-94) Dwight Eugene "Doc" Gooden on Nov. 16 in Tampa, Fla. Canadian "A Case of You" jazz singer Diana Jean Krall on Nov. 16 in Nanaimo, B.C. Am. "Boyd Langton in Dollhouse", "Cmdr. Lock in The Matrix Reloaded" actor (black) Harry Joseph Lennix III on Nov. 16 in Chicago, Ill.; hired to train Barack Obama to act presidential? Irish-Am. "South of Nowhere" actress Maeve Anne Quinlan on Nov. 16 in Chicago, Ill.; Irish immigrant parents. U.S. ambassador to the U.N. #27 (2009-13), U.S. nat. security advisor #24 (2013-17) (black) Susan Elizabeth Rice on Nov. 17 in Washington, D.C.; daughter of Emmet J. Rice and Lois Dickson Fitt; sister of John Rice; Jamaican immigrant maternal grandparents; no relation to Condoleeza Rice; educated at Stanford U., and New College, Oxford U. Canadian Conservative Ont. PM #26 (2018-) Douglas Robert "Doug" Ford on Nov. 20 in Etobicoke, Ont.; educated at Humber College. Am. "Burt Chance in Raising Hope", "Ty Walker in Justified", "John Dorie in Fear the Walking Dead" actor Grret Lee Dillahunt on Nov. 24 in Castro Valley, Calif.; grows up in Selah, Wsh.; educated at the U. of Wash., and NYU. Am. rock musician Tony Rombola (Godsmack) on Nov. 24 in Norwood, Mass. Am. "Reagan's War", "Throw Them All Out", "Clinton Cash", "Profiles in Corruption" conservative writer Peter Franz Schweizer on Nov. 24 in ?; educated at George Washington U. Am. rock singer Mark Lanegan (Screaming Trees) on Nov. 25 in Ellensburg, Wash. Am. "Darlene Merriman in Head of the Class" actress (black) Robin Simone Givens on Nov. 27 in New York City; educated at Sarah Lawrence College; wife (1988-9) of Mike Tyson. Am. "Paul Rusesabagina in Hotel Rwanda" actor (black) Donald Frank "Don" Cheadle on Nov. 29 in Kansas City, Mo. Am. "Kate in Growing Pains" actress Chelsea Noble (Nancy Mueller) on Dec. 4 in Cheektowaga, N.Y.; wife (1991-) of Kirk Cameron. Am. "Mona Lisa Vito in My Cousin Vinny", "Cassidy in The Wrestler" actress Marisa Tomei on Dec. 4 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Egyptian politician Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour on Dec. 5 in El Mansoura. Soviet gymnast Vladimir Nikolaevich Artemov on Dec. 7 in Vladimir, Russia. Am. "The Revenant" novelist Michael Punke on Dec. 7 in Torrington, Wyo.; educated at the U. of Mass., George Washington U., and Cornell U. Am. "Susan Mayer the children's book illustrator in Desperate Housewives" actress (cheerleader) Teri Hatcher on Dec. 8 in Sunnyvale, Calif.; molested by an uncle as a child; cheerleader for the San Francisco 49ers - about the same thing? German musician Paul H. Landers (Heiko Paul Hiersche) (Rammstein) on Dec. 9 in Berlin. Am. TV chef Robert William "Bobby" Flay on Dec. 10 in New York City; of Irish descent. Norwegian Operation Clambake anti-Scientology activist Andeas Heldal-Lund on Dec. 10 in Oslo. Am. auto racer Tony Roper (d. 2000) on Dec. 13 in Springfield, Mo. Am. baseball 2B player (Baltimore Orioles) William Oliver "Billy" Ripken on Dec. 16 in Havre de Grace, Md.; son of Cal Ripken Sr. (1935-99); brother of Cal Ripken Jr. (1960-). Lithuanian 7'3" basketball center (Portland Trail Blazers #11, 1995-2001) Arvydas Romas Sabonis on Dec. 19 in Kaunas; Am. country singer Kris Tyler on Dec. 20. Am. composer-lyricist-producer Andrew Lippa on Dec. 22 in Leeds, England; educated at the U. of Mich. Am. rocker Eddie Vedder (Edward Louis Severson III) (Pearl Jam) on Dec. 23 in Evanston, Ind. U.S. Repub. EPA dir. #15 (2019-) Andrew R. Wheeler on Dec. 23 in Hamilton, Ohio; educated at Case Western Reserve U., Washington U., and George Mason U. Am. "Brad Chase in Boston Legal", "Christopher Chance in Human Target", "John Scott in Fringe" actor Mark Thomas Valley on Dec. 24 in Ogdensburg, N.Y.; husband (2080-10) of Anna Torv (1978-). Am. keyboardist Ruben (Rubén) Valtierra (Weird Al Yankovic) on Dec. 26 in San Rafael, Calif.; educated at the U. of Calif. Am. "The Historian" novelist Elizabeth Johnson Kostova on Dec. 26 in New London, Conn.; raised in Knoxville, Tenn.; educated at Yale U., and the U. of Mich. Am. "Space Jam" actress (black) Theresa E. Randle on Dec. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Officer John Cooper in Southland", "Sgt. Denver Bull Randleman in Band of Brothers", "Sgt. Abraham Ford in The Walking Dead" actor Michael R. Cudlitz on Dec. 29 in Long Island, N.Y. Am. "Sarah Nevins in Head of the Class" actress (black) Kimberly Russell on Dec. 29 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre on ? in Mexico City. Am. "The Adventures of a Mildly Perverted Young Writer" writer-novelist ("The Herring Wonder") Jonathan Ames on ? in New York City; educated at Princeton U., and Columbia U. Palestinian activist (Muslim) Omar Barghouti on ? in Qatar; grows up in Egypt. Canadian deep learning computer scientist (Jewish) Yoshua Bengio on ? in Paris, France; educated at McGill U. Am. climate scientist Andrew Emory Dessler on ? in Houston, Tex.; educated at Rice U., and Harvard U. Am. New Age writer (Mayanist) John Major Jenkins on ? in ?. Am. physicist Don Lincoln on ? in New York City: educated at Rice U. Am. "Good Rockin' Daddy" blues musician Joseph "Big Joe" Maher (Dynaflows) on ? in Washington, D.C. Am. lit. critic (Muslim) Saree Makdisi on ? in Wash.; Lebanese father, Palestinian mother; educated at Wesleyan U., and Duke U. English Climate Outreach climate activist George Marshall on ? in ?. Am. Shiite Muslim imam Hassan Al-Qazwini on ? in Karbala, Iraq; immigrates to the U.S. in 1992. Am. writer Clay Shirky on ? in Columbia, Mo.; educated at Yale U. Am. "Custer's Trials" biographer T.J. Stiles on ? in Foley, Minn.; educated at Carleton College, and Columbia U. French fashion designer Sophie Theallet on ? in Bagneres-de-Bigorre. Deaths: Philippine pres. #1 (1899-1901) Emilio Aguinaldo (b. 1869) on Feb. 6. Am. educator-scholar Roscoe Pound (b. 1870) on July 1. German WWI Gen. Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck (b. 1870) on Mar. 20 in Hamburg. Swedish-German chemist Hans von Euler-Chelpin (b. 1873) on Nov. 7; 1929 Nobel Chem. Prize. U.S. Repub. pres. #31 (1929-33) Herbert Hoover (b. 1874) on Oct. 20 in New York City; dies in his Waldorf Towers suite: "The first word in war is spoken by the guns, but the last word has always been spoken by bread." German physician Georg Friedrich Nicolai (b. 1874) in Santiago, Chile. Costa Rican pres. (1911-7, 1926-9) Adolfo Diaz (b. 1875) in San Jose. Am. Universalist minister Henry Wilder Foote (b. 1875). Am. poet Jeannette Marks (b. 1875) on Mar. 15 in Westport, N.Y. French-born U.S. orchestra conductor Pierre Monteux (b. 1875). English surgeon Sir Henry Sessions Souttar (b. 1875) on Nov. 12 in London. French aviator Maurice Farman (b. 1877) on Feb. 25 in Paris. Am. Tex. gov. #27 (1917-21) William Pettus Hobby (b. 1878) on June 7 in Houston, Tex. Am. actor Robert Warwick (b. 1878) on June 6 in West Los Angeles, Calif. Canadian-born British newspaper publisher and statesman Max Aitken, Baron Beaverbrook (b. 1879) on June 9 in Surrey: "If ever Max gets to Heaven, he won't last long. He will be chucked out for trying to pull off a merger between Heaven and Hell after having secured a controlling interest in key subsidiary companies in both places" (H.G. Wells). Am.-born British MP Lady Astor (b. 1879) on May 2 in Grimsthorpe, Lincolnshire: "The penalty of success is to be bored by people who used to snub you." Am. minister-activist John Haynes Holmes (b. 1879) on Apr. 3: "Priests are no more necessary to religion than politicians to patriotism" - you mean government? Croatian nationalist politician Vladimir Macek (b. 1879) on May 15 in Washington, D.C. (in exile) (heart attack). Austrian composer Almer Mahler-Werfel (b. 1879) on Dec. 11 in New York City. Am. Navy Adm. Adolphus Staton (b. 1879) on June 4. U.S. Army gen. Douglas MacArthur (b. 1880) on Apr. 5 in Washington, D.C.: "Whoever said the pen is mightier than the sword obviously never encountered automatic weapons." Irish "Playboy of the Western World" playwright Sean O'Casey (b. 1880) on Sept. 18 in Torquay, England. Am. novelist-photographer Carl Van Vechten (b. 1880) on Dec. 21 in New York City. English art critic Clive Bell (b. 1881) on Sept. 18. Russian painter Mikhail Larionov ()b. 1881) on May 10 in Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. Am. journalist John Thomas Flynn (b. 1882). German physicist James Franck (b. 1882) on May 21 in Gottingen; 1925 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. historian-diplomat Carlton Hayes (b. 1882) on Sept. 3 in Sidney, N.Y. (heart attack). English cricketer Sir Jack Hobbs (b. 1882) on Dec. 21 in Hove, Sussex; scores a record 197/199 first class centuries - D, Jack Hobbs, final answer? Austrian composer Joseph Marx (b. 1882) on Sept. 3 in Graz. Austrian-born Am. cosmic ray physicist Victor Francis Hess (b. 1883) on Dec. 17 in Mount Vernon, N.Y.; 1936 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. newspaper publisher Roy Wilson Howard (b. 1883). Canadian poet Edwin John Pratt (b. 1883) on Apr. 26 in Toronto, Ont. English Wicca founder Gerald Brousseau Gardner (b. 1884) on Feb. 12; dies at sea en route to England from Lebanon. Am. bowler Emma Jaeger (b. 1886) on Jan. 9 in Toledo, Ohio. Am. industrialist Kay Kimbell (b. 1886) on Apr. 13 in Fort Worth, Tex.; leaves his fortune to his Kimbell Art Foundation, which opens the Kimbell Art Museum in 1972. Am. historian-journalist Frank Luther Mott (b. 1886) on Oct. 23 in Columbia, Mo.; leaves unfinished Golden Multitudes: The Story of Best Sellers in the United States. Hungarian economist Karl Polyani (b. 1886) on Apr. 23 in Pickering, Ont., Canada. Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player coach Art Ross (b. 1886) on Aug. 5 in Medford, Mass. Ukrainian-born Am. sculptor Alexander Archipenko (b. 1887) on Feb. 25 in New York City. Sicilian-born Am. sculptor Anthony de Francisci (b. 1887) on Aug. 20 in Manhattan, N.Y. English poet Dame Edith Sitwell (b. 1887) on Dec. 9 in London: "Good taste is the worst vice ever invented." Austrian film composer Ernst Toch (b. 1887) on Oct. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. WWI war hero Alvin C. York (b. 1887) on Sept. 2. U.S. Supreme Court justice #84 (1945-58) Harm. actor Will Hay (b. 1888) on June 24. Am. "Pa Kettle" actor Percy Kilbride (b. 1888) on Dec. 11. German pshrink Ernest Kretschmer (b. 1888) on Feb. 8 in Tubingen. Am. mute harp-playing comic Harpo Marx (b. 1888) on Sept. 28. Dutch architect Gerrit Rietveld (b. 1888) on June 26 in Utrecht. Finnish novelist Frans Eemil Sillanpaa (b. 1888) on June 3 in Helsinki; 1939 Nobel Lit. Prize. Egyptian writer Abbas Mahmud al-Aqqad (b. 1889) on Mar. 13 in Cairo. Am. photographer Fred R. Archer (b. 1889) on Apr. 27. German archeologist Gerhard Bersu (b. 1889) on Nov. 19. German film dir.-actor Veit Harlan (b. 1899) on Apr. 13 in Capri, Italy. German Gen. Sigfrid Henrici (b. 1889) on Nov. 8 in Bad Nauheim. Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru (b. 1889) on May 27 in New Delhi (heart attack) (syphilis?): "Our chief defect is that we are more given to talking about things than to doing them"; "A man who is afraid will do anything." Lebanese pres. (1943-52) Bechara El Khoury (b. 1890) on Jan. 11 in Rechmaya. Am. historian Charles Callan Tansill (b. 1890) on Nov. 12 in Washington, D.c. Am. actor El Brendel (b. 1890) on Apr. 9 in Hollywood, Calif. Irish playwright Sean O'Casey (b. 1890) on Sept. 18 in Torquay, Devon, England. Irish-born Am. New York City mayor #100 (1946-50) William O'Dwyer (b. 1890) on Nov. 24 in New York City. Am. "Guadalcanal Diary" film dir. Lewis Seiler (b. 1890) on Jan. 8. Am. "Sons of the Desert" film dir. William A. Seiter (b. 1890) on July 26 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Skippy" casrtoonist Percy Lee Crosby (b. 1891) on Dec. 8 in Kings Park, N.Y. (heart attack); dies ] in an insane asylum, where he has been institutionalized for 16 years. Am. novelist Nella Larsen (b. 1891) on Mar. 30. Am. "I've Got You Under My Skin", "I Get a Kick Out of You", "Begin the Beguine", "True Love" #1 composer-songwriter Cole Porter (b. 1891) on Oct. 15 in Santa Monica, Calif. (kidney failure); underwent 34 surgeries after his legs were crushed in a riding accident in 1937, and his right leg amputated in 1958, after which he gave up composing and lived in seclusion. Am. entertainer Eddie Cantor (b. 1892) on Oct. 10. Am. Infinite Way founder Joel Solomon Goldsmith (b. 1892) on June 17 in Westminster, London. English biologist J.B.S. Haldane (b. 1892) on Dec. 1 in Bhubaneswar, India: "An inordinate fondness for beetles" (answer to what he infers about the mind of the Creator): "My own suspicion is that the Universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose." British actor Sir Cedric Hardwicke (b. 1893) on Aug. 6. Am. painter Stuart Davis (b. 1894) on June 24. British Gen. Sir Douglas David Gracey (b. 1894) on June 5 in Surrey. Am. "Gone With the Wind", "Gunga Din", "Spellbound" screenwriter Ben Hecht (b. 1894) on Apr. 18 in New York City: "I was afraid you would think I was bragging" (when asked why he didn't tell his new wife's parents he was Jewish); "There's one thing that keeps surprising you about stormy old friends after they die - their silence"; "In Hollywood, a starlet is the name for any woman under thirty who is not actively employed in a brothel"; "Trying to determine what is going on in the world by reading newspapers is like trying to tell the time by watching the second hand of a clock"; "If I'd had charge of executing Christ, I'd have handled it differently... I'd have him shipped to Rome and fed to the lions. They never could make a Savior out of mincemeat." East German PM (1949-64) Otto Grotewohl (b. 1894) on Sept. 23 in East Berlin. Portuguese pres. #12 (1951-8) Francisco Higino Craveiro Lopes (b. 1894) on Sep. 2 in Lisbon. English automobile manufacturer William Rootes, 1st baron Rootes (b. 1894) on Dec. 12; dies before he can be installed as chancellor #1 of the U. of Warwick, which he founded. Am. sports coach Bill Stewart (b. 1894) on Feb. 14 in Boston, Mass. (stroke). Am. cybernetics founder Norbert Wiener (b. 1894) on Mar. 18. Am. comedian "Say Goodnight" Gracie Allen (b. 1895) on Apr. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart disease) - from breathing George Burns' cigar smoke? German bacteriologist Gerhard Domagk (b. 1895) on Apr. 24 in Burgberg; 1939 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. actor Morris Ankrum (b. 1896) on Sept. 2 in Pasadena, Calif. (trichinosis). Am. silent film actress Victoria Forde (b. 1896) on July 24 in Beverly Hills, Calif. German Nazi politician Hinrich Lohse (b. 1896) on Feb. 25 in Muhlenbarbek, Schleswig-Holstein. German-born Am. computer scientist Hans Peter Luhn (b. 1896) on Aug. 19. Hungarian-born Am. neurologist Ladislas J. Meduna (b. 1896) in Ill. Austrian actor Joseph Schildkraut (b. 1896) on Jan. 21 in New York City (heart attack). Am. fiberglass inventor Russell Games Slayter (b. 1896) on Oct. 15. Am. atheist leader Charles Lee Smith (b. 1887) in San Diego, Calif.: "The human mind is capable of infinite self-deception." Ukrainian-born Am. "Guys and Dolls" playwright-screenwriter Jo Swerling (b. 1897) on Oct. 23. Canadian-born English engineer Guy Stewart Callendar (b. 1898) on Oct. ? in ?. Am. "Secret Life of Walter Mitty" film dir. Norman Z. McLeod (b. 1898) on Jan. 27 in Hollywood, Calif. Hungarian-born Am. nuclear physicist Leo Szilard (b. 1898) on May 30 in La Jolla, Calif. (heart attack). German geophysicist Julius Bartels (b. 1899) on Mar. 6. Japanese-born Am. educator James McCauley Landis (b. 1899) on July 30. Am. musician-composer (co-inventor of Kodachrome film) Leopold Mannes (b. 1899) on Aug. 11. Am. FBI mystery man William Guy Banister (b. 1900) on June 6 in New Orleans, La. (heart failure). Am. Repub. politician James Paul Mitchell (b. 1900) on Oct. 19 (heart attack). Am. jazz musician Don Redman (b. 1900) on Nov. 30 in New York City. Greek king (1947-64) Paul I (b. 1901) on Mar. 6 in Athens - the real Paul is Dead? Am. "Peter Tong in Bachelor Father" actor Sammee Tong (1901) on Oct. 27 in Palms, Los Angeles, Calif. (barbiturate OD after he can't pay his gambling debts to the Mafia?). German Nazi pshrink Werner Heyde (b. 1902) on Feb. 13 in Butzbach; hands himself five days before his trial is scheduled to start. U.S. Gen. Charles Douglas Jackson (b. 1902) on Sept. 16. Czech "The Raven" actor Peter Lorre (b. 1904) on Mar. 23 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stroke); Vincent Price reads the eulogy at his funeral. Am. pianist-composer Marc Blitzstein (b. 1905) on Jan. 22 in Fort-de-France, Martinique; beaten to death by three Portuguese sailors after having sex with them - take that, sucker? Austrian rocket scientist Eugen Sander (b. 1905) on Feb. 10 in Berlin. Am. actor William Bendix (b. 1906) on Dec. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lobar pneumonia caused by chronic stomach ailment). English "The Once and Future King" novelist Terence Hanbury White (b. 1906) on Jan. 17 in Piraeus, Athens (heart failure); dies aboard a ship en route from the U.S. to England on his last lecture tour, which is described in his posth. book "America At Last". Am. "Silent Spring" ecologist Rachel Louise Carson (b. 1907) on Apr. 14 in Silver Spring, Md. (heart attack from breast and liver cancer). English "James Bond 007" novelist Ian Fleming (b. 1908) on Aug. 12 in Canterbury, Kent; sells 100M+ copies: "Once is happenstance, twice is coincidence, three times is enemy action." Am. "Alas, Babylon" novelist Pat Frank (b. 1908) on Oct. 12 in Jacksonville, Fla. (pancreatitis). German-born French physicist Hans von Halban (b. 1908) on Nov. 28 in Paris. Am. "Mickey Mouse Club" MC Jimmie Dodd (b. 1910) on Nov. 10 in Honolulu, Hawaii (cancer). Am. "Pvt. Doberman in The Phil Silvers Show" actor Maurice Gosfield (b. 1913) on Oct. 19 in Saranac Lake, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. "Shane" actor Alan Ladd (b. 1913) on Jan. 29. Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player Bobby Bauer (b. 1915) on Sept. 16 in Kitchener, Ont. Am. bowler Graz Castellano (b. 1917) on Aug. 29 in New York City. Irish playwright Brendan Behan (b. 1923) on Mar. 20 in Dublin (alcoholism); "Ah sure, Brendan where have you Behan" (Thin Lizzy song "Black Rose"). Am. country singer Jim Reeves (b. 1923) on July 31 in Davidson County (near Nashville), Tenn. (plane crash); most popular English language singer in Sri Lanka? Am. "Peyton Place" writer Grace Metalious (b. 1924) on Feb. 25 (alcoholism). Am. novelist Flannery O'Connor (b. 1925) on Aug. 3 in Baldwin County, Ga.; super-religious Roman Catholic dies a virgin. Iraqi Arab free verse poet Badr Shakir al-Sayyid (b. 1926). Am. jazz musician Eric Dolphy (b. 1928) on June 29 in Berlin, Germany (diabetic coma after the doctors thought he was a junkie and put into detox). Am. auto racer Fireball Roberts (b. 1929) on July 2; died from injuries sustained in a fiery racing crash on May 24 during World 600 in Charlotte, N.C. - be careful what you wish for? Australian serial murderer Eric Edgar Cooke (b. 1931) on Oct. 26 in Fremantle, Western Australia (hanged). Am. "Chain Gang" soul singer Sam Cooke (b. 1931) on Dec. 11 in South Los Angeles, Calif.; killed by Bertha Franklin, mgr. of the $3 per night no-tell Hacienda Motel while wearing a sport coat over his nude body after a young woman named Evelyn Carr runs from his room with his clothes and money and he goes to her office demanding to know her whereabouts; she later claims to have been kidnapped from a nightclub and brought there, but later is arrested for prostitution - the reverse O.J. case? Am. "You're Sixteen" singer Johnny Burnette (b. 1934) on Aug. 14 (boating accident). Mexican actress Pina Pellicer (b. 1934) on Dec. 4 in Mexico City (suicide).
1965 Doomsday Clock: 12 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Snake (Feb. 2). Time Mag. Man of the Year: William Childs Westmoreland (1914-2005). Beginning this year Generation X (Gen-X) babies begin to be born in the U.S. (until 1980), becoming known as the most selfish generation ever. Beginning this year large numbers of Filipinos begin emigrating to the U.S. This year the U.S. contributes 1% of its GNP to U.S. foreign aid; by 1967 it's down to 0.15%, and by 1995 it's down to 0.10%. This year there are 5M color TV sets in the U.S. This year there are a total of 22.5K computers in the U.S.; the smallest model weighs 59 lbs.; the govt. spends $1B/year on its computers; 650K Americans are employed in the computer industry. This year there are 5M credit cards in circulation in the U.S.; by 1996 it grows to 1.4B. Early in the year Eric Clapton leaves the Yardbirds for careers with John Mayall and the Bluesbreakers, Cream, and Blind Faith, and finally goes solo, with Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones uttering the soundbyte that he "went away for 6 mo. and came back playing better than anybody", which "made us all sick"; Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page later follow, forming the Jeff Beck Group and Led Zeppelin. On Jan. 1 Michigan defeats Oregon State by 34-7 to win the 1965 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 the People's Dem. Party of Afghanistan, its first Communist org. is founded by Nur Muhammad Taraki (1913-71) and Babrak Karmal (1929-96). On Jan. 1 the Palestinian Fatah (Arab. "victory") Muslim guerrilla group is taken over by Yasser (Arab. "wealthy") Arafat (1929-2004) (whose portrait bears a striking resemblance to Beatles drummer Ringo Starr?), and on Jan. 3 they stage their first armed attack on Israel, an abortive bombing of a canal in Galilee, later celebrating it as Fatah Day - anybody spotted walking on water? On Jan. 1 a bus plunges 300 ft. into the Mantaro River in Peru, killing 31. On Jan. 2 Ohio State U. engineering grad Roberto Sanchez Vilella (1913-97) of the Popular Dem. Party becomes gov. #2 of Puerto Rico (until Jan. 2, 1969), replacing gov. #1 (since 1949) Luis Munoz Marin; he goes on to try to get the younger generation to join his party; too bad his political career tanks after he divorces his wife in 1967 to marry an asst., pissing-off the conservative Catholics. Sukarno no, Suharto go? On Jan. 2 after getting pissed-off at the seating of its neighbor enemy Malaysia on the U.N. Security Council, Indonesia becomes the first nation to withdraw from the U.N. (resuming membership next year after a peace agreement), and on Mar. 19 it nationalizes all foreign oil cos.; on Sept. 30-Oct. 1 a coup by junior military officers in Jakarta kills six generals, and is crushed by Pres. Sukarno, after which Java-born Muslim Gen. Suharto (Soeharto) (1921-2008) stages a military coup against Sukarno, becoming pres. #2 of Indonesia on Mar. 12, 1967 (until May 21, 1998); on Oct. 20 Suharto begins mass arrests of Communists after blaming them for the coup, outlawing the Communist Party then massacring 400K-3M peasants, workers, students, and activists by next year, with the CIA furnishing 5K names of Communist leaders, while using his Golkar Party (founded Oct. 20, 1964) to rule with an iron hand, proclaiming the New Order (ends 1998), banning celebration of the Chinese New Year and other Chinese culture in an effort to force assimilation of mainly rich Chinese Indonesians (5% of the pop.); Indonesian leftist writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925-2006), known for being sympathetic to the Indonesian Chinese is imprisoned on Buru Island without charges until 1979, then kept under house arrest until 1992; in 1979 his 4-part novel Buru Quartet is pub., getting banned by the govt. and making him a poster boy for human rights and free speech advocates; the 1983 Mel Gibson film "The Year of Living Dangerously" is set in the 1965 Indonesian civil war. On Jan. 2 a British blockade of Gibraltar begins. On Jan. 2 Martin Luther King Jr. calls a press conference to call attention to the 3M out of 5M blacks of voting age in the South who are not registered, and launches a voter registration drive starting in Selma, Ala., where only 325 of 15K potential black voters are registered, compared to 9.3K of 14K whites; too bad, the drive fizzles due to black apathy; meanwhile on Feb. 1 MLK Jr. and 770 followers are arrested in Selma, Ala. for protesting voter discrimination. On Jan. 3 UCB officials back down and allow political activity on campus again. On Jan. 3 Dem.-turned-Goldwater-Repub. Howard Hollis "Bo" Callaway (1927-) becomes the first Repub. elected to the U.S. House from Jaw Jaw (Ga.) since Reconstruction; in 1966 he gives up his seat to become the first Repub. nominee in Ga. for gov. since 1876, winning a plurality over segregationist Lester Maddox, then seeing the Dem.-run state legislature award the election to him. On Jan. 4 LBJ's Second State of the Union Address introduces the new hot button "Great Society"; on May 22 he gives his Great Society Speech at the U. of Mich. in Ann Arbor, outlining the goals of the Great Society incl. a doubling of the war on poverty, greater enforcement of the U.S. Civil Rights Law of 1964, increased support of education, and immigration law reform, all conceived by Boston Dem. economist John Kenneth Galbraith, former advisor of JFK who liked to eat lobster stew with him at the Locke-Ober Restaurant in Boston; the term is coined by Boston-born Harvard-educated speechwriter Richard N. Goodwin (1931-); the Great Society costs $2T over the next 25 years, backfiring by creating families dependent on welfare from generation to generation, realizing that they will lose more money in govt. benefits from getting a job than they can earn; too bad, LBJ ramps up the Vietnam War at the same time, becoming the first U.S. pres. to spend more on guns and butter simultaneously. On Jan. 10 a bus carrying soccer players and their families plunges 450 ft. into a ravine outside Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajato, Mexico, killing 19 and injuring 22. On Jan. 12-13 Japanese PM Eisaku Sato visits the U.S., and discusses relations with Communist China as well as plans for the return of Okinawa to Japan. On Jan. 13 two U.S. war planes are shot down in Laos. On Jan. 15 90-y.-o. cigar-chomping depression-prone nudist Sir Winston Churchill (b. 1874) suffers a severe stroke, and on Jan. 24 he kicks the blood-sweat-tears bucket in London at age 90; his state funeral is held on Jan. 30, becoming one of the largest assemblages of world statesmen ever seen; Luis Giannattasio dies soon after attending the funeral, and fellow Blanco Washington Beltran Mullin (1914-2003) succeeds him as as pres. of blankety-blank Uruguay (until 1966). On Jan. 15 Pvt. Charles Robert Jenkins (1940-) deserts his U.S. Army unit while on patrol along the DMZ and crosses into North Korea; he later claims he was drunk and made a mistake, but he stays in the country for two decades, and marries Hitomi Soga (1959-), who was abducted from Japan by spies in 1978; in 2002 they return to Japan with Jenkins and their daughters, settling in Mano on Sado in NW Japan; in 2004 he is court-martialed and spends 25 days in Japan; in June, 2005 he returns to the U.S. briefly to visit his ailing 91-y.-o. mother in Weldon, N.C. On Jan. 16 the last episode of "Outer Limits" airs on ABC-TV - the coverup of the coverup is complete? On Jan. 20 Gen. Francisco Franco meets with Jewish reps to discuss legitimizing Jewish communities in Spain, which have been illegal since the 1492 expulsion by Ferdinand and Isabella. On Jan. 20 U.S. pres. #36 Lyndon B. Johnson is inaugurated for a 2nd term in the 53rd U.S. Pres. Inauguration; "the Happy Warrior", Dem. Minn. Sen. (1949-64) Hubert Horatio "Hump" Humphrey (1911-78) becomes the 38th U.S. vice-pres. (until Jan. 20, 1969); Muriel Fay Buck Humphrey (1912-98) becomes the Second Lady, with Hubert uttering the soundbyte: "Muriel and I and our plain folks entourage were no match for... Jackie Kennedy and the Kennedy women"; Lady Bird Johnson holds the Bible for her hubby, starting a tradition (until ?); LBJ's 1965 Inaugural Address is a short 1.5K words (22 min.), and contains the soundbyte "I do not believe that the Great Society is the ordered, changeless, and sterile battalion of the ants. It is the excitement of becoming, always becoming, trying, probing, falling, resting, and trying again, but always trying and always gaining"; the inaug. theme is "Peace"; on Oct. 6 Phi Beta Kappa Howard U. grad. Patricia Roberts Harris (1924-85), who seconded his nomination at the 1964 Dem. Convention is appointed U.S. ambassador to Belgium (until 1967), becoming the first African-Am. female U.S. ambassador. On Jan. 22 Buddhists demonstrate against the South Vietnamese govt. at the U.S. embassy in Saigon, and a 17-y.-o. Buddhist girl immolates herself in protest, causing a power struggle between gen. Nguyen Khanh and Buddhist leader Thich Tri Quang. On Jan. 23 (Sat.) the musical variety series The King Family Show debuts on ABC for 39 episodes (until Sept. 10, 1969 after switching to color in 1969). On Jan. 24 (Sun.) (8:30 p.m.) the Western series Branded debuts on NBC-TV for 48 episodes (until Sept. 4, 1966), starring Kevin Joseph "Chuck" Connors (1921-92) as U.S. Army Cavalry Capt. Jason McCord, who was drummed out of the service for a false charge of cowardice; features the Branded Theme by Dominic Frontiere and Alan Alch; "All but one man died...There at Bitter Creek...and they say he ran away./ Branded! Marked with a coward's shame./ What do you do when you're branded, will you fight for your name?/ He was innocent . . . not a charge was true . . . but the world would never know./ Branded! Scorned as the one who ran./ What do you do when you're branded, and you know you're a man?/ Wherever you go for the rest of your life you must prove ... you're a man." On Jan. 25 serious disturbances in Hue, South Vietnam cause martial law to be imposed. On Jan. 26 Hindi becomes the official language of India despite violent protests in S India; on Feb. 24 English is declared an associate language when dealing with non-Hindi-speaking states. The original Wrath of Khanh without Captain Kirk? On Jan. 27 a bloodless military coup led by Lt. Gen. Nguyen Khanh ousts the civilian govt. of Tran Van Huong in Saigon; on Feb. 9 Khan names Harvard-educated economist Nguyen Xuan Oanh (1921-2003) as acting PM of South Vietnam; on Feb. 19 a coup in Saigon against Khanh by several gens. causes him to flee to Da Lat, where he obtains the support of air marshal Nguyen Cao Ky (1930-2011) and threatens to bomb Saigon incl. Tan Son Nhut Airport if rebels troops aren't withdrawn, after which U.S. gen. William Westmoreland talks him out of it, and on Feb. 15 Ky appoints Buddhist physician Phan Huy Quat (1908-79) as PM, who lasts 111 days; on June 14 Ky and Gen. Nguyen Van Thieu (1923-2001) stage a coup against Khanh (9th since Diem's assassination), and on June 19 Ky becomes PM (youngest ever), and Thieu becomes pres. of South Vietnam (until 1967), ecoming the 10th govt. in 20 mo.; meanwhile on Feb. 22 Khanh is replaced as army CIC by Maj. Gen. Sylvain Tran Van Minh (1923-2009) (called Little Minh to distinguish him from physically large Duong Van Minh, who is called Big Minh), and on Feb. 25 Khanh becomes an ambassador to France as a coverstory to being exiled, uttering the soundbytes: "I left my country in honor that day, not like Thieu, who fled later. My cabinet, my troops, the whole diplomatic corps were there at the airport to bid me farewell", "I am bringing a handful of dirt from the homeland, and will definitely return someday" (copying U.S. gen. Douglas MacArthur), "China believes it is the center of the Universe, just look at its flag, one big star surrounded by satellite stars - arrogance!", and "Vietnam is the next dragon in Asia"; in 1977 Khanh and his family emigrate to the U.S., and on Jan. 2, 2005 he is elected chief of state of the anti-Communist Govt. of Free Vietnam, headquartered in Little Saigon, Westminster, Calif. On Jan. 27 White House nat. security advisor McGeorge Bundy asks to visit Vietnam as JFK's eyes and ears, and arrives in the first week of Feb., where he soon discovers he can't stand the sight of blood - you're now free to move about the country? On Feb. 1 although many say he looks too young, 26-y.-o. Canadian comic book-loving 10th grade dropout Peter Jennings (1938-2005) replaces fellow Canadian Ron Cochran (since 1962) as anchor of the ABC Evening News (founded 1953), which goes from 15 to 30 min., becoming America's youngest TV news anchor; too bad, after viewers don't like his Canadian accent, ignorance of U.S. culture and politics, mispronunciation of Appomattox, and misidentification of the Marines' Hymn as Anchors Aweigh at LBJ's pres. inaguration, he is kicked downstairs in 1967, establishing the first U.S. TV news bureau in the Arab world as ABC-TV bureau chief in Beirut from 1968-1974; after getting more mature looking, losing the accent and studying up, he goes on to take the show over in the 1980s and make it #1, and quietly becomes a U.S. citizen in 2004, with most U.S. viewers never realizing he wasn't one of "them" - the original semi-educated-but-charismatic Sarah Palin from the Great White North? On Feb. 3 a bus plunges 300 ft. off a cliff outside Zacatecas, Mexico, killing 25 and injuring 40. Warriors, come out to pleiku? On Feb. 5 after the USAF sets up Pleiku Air Base in the mountains of the central highlands of Vietnam in Jan., the Battle of Pleiku begins, lasting 15 min., during which eight U.S. soldiers die and 126 are wounded in a sneak attack by the Viet Cong, who destroy or damage 16 U.S. helis and six aircraft in an attempt to provoke the U.S.; Pres. Johnson responds with a "strike for strike" policy, ordering Navy jets to attack the Viet Cong staging area at Dong Hoi Barracks (40 mi. N of the 17th parallel) on Feb. 7 in Operation Flaming Dart (ends Feb. 24), declaring the Pleiku attack "a test of will", and on Feb. 8 orders the installation of Hawk air defense missiles along with the evacuation of 1.8K U.S. govt.-sponsored dependents from South Vietnam (completed on Feb. 19), who along with the wounded soldiers from Pleiku begin returning to the U.S. with mucho publicity, with the news soundbyte "It seems no longer a war of local skirmishes"; McGeorge Bundy later visits Pleiku and makes up his mind to become a hawk - he should have made up his mind to become a pluck-pluck chicken and got the U.S. out while the gettin's good? On Feb. 5 the Columbia Daily Spectator pub. the first modern use of the word "Trivia" (originally the three lower educational subjects of grammar, rhetoric, and logic, from the Latin word for a place where three roads meet); authors Ed Goodgold and Dan Carlinsky organize the first trivia contests. On Feb. 6 the U.S. and South Vietnamese begin bombing the rural North Vietnamese comm center in Vinh Linh District in Quang Tri Province in the NC coastal region of Vietnam, causing them to begin digging the Vinh Moc Tunnels in Quang Tri on the North-South Vietnamese border, an underground village which becomes a favorite tourist trap after the war. On Feb. 8 Eastern Air Lines Flight 663 (DC-7B) veers to evade inbound PanAm Flight 212 and crashes into the Atlantic off Jones Beach State Park, N.Y. shortly after takeoff from Kennedy Internat. Airport, killing 84. No regrets on your decision to fly business class? On Feb. 10 the Viet Cuong Hotel (not Viet Cong Hotel?) in the Annamese (C Vietnamese) port of Qui Nhon (used as a U.S. soldier barracks) is blown up by the Viet Cong, killing 23 and injuring 21, causing Pres. Johnson ("we're in the 4th quarter and it's 78 to nothing") to order a 3-hour bombing of Chanh Hoa and other depots in North Vietnam; on Feb. 11 the Viet Cong hit Qui Nhon again, and after a 48-hour hesitation Johnson scraps the strike-for-strike B.S. and orders Operation Rolling Thunder, the systematic bombing of North Vietnam, launched from Da Nang Air Base (on the South China Sea coast 50 Mi. SE of Hue), which begins on Mar. 2 with 150 U.S. South Vietnamese planes bombing two North Vietnamese bases, and over the next 3.5 years (until Nov. 2, 1968) drops 2x-3x as many bombs on North Vietnam as were dropped in all of WWII; on Mar. 6 LBJ commits 3.5K U.S. Marines to defend the base, becoming the first U.S. ground troops committed to the Vietnam War, landing on Mar. 8 at Nam O Beach in Danang Bay (10 mi. NW of Danang), led by USMC Brig. Gen. Frederick Joseph Karch (1917-2009), where they are greeted by 10 smiling local girls with flowers, then join 23K U.S. so-called military advisers; when asked why he never smiles, Karch utters the soundbyte: "If I had to do it over, that picture would have been the same. When you have a son in Vietnam and he gets killed, you don't want a smiling general with flowers around his neck as leader at that point"; the troop introduction causes demonstrations in Moscow and the U.S.; Robert S. McNamara later says that all the U.S. errors in Vietnam were committed in the late spring of this year (75K troops committed) in the hope that the South Vietnamese can stand by themselves by the end of the year, after which there was no way out. On Feb. 10 a truck carrying 66 plunges into a canal outside Al-Ayyat, Egypt, killing 36. How did he do such fantastic stunts with such little feet? On Feb. 13 23-y.-o. chemist and spelunker James Gentry Mitchell (b. 1942) dies in Schroeder's Pants Cave in Dolgeville, N.Y. (200 mi. NW of New York City) (discovered by his grandfather George Lyon and Herb Schroeder in 1947) after he ends up in an 80-ft. shaft on a safety line with 10 gal. of ice water pouring on his head a min.; the new Nat. Capital Grotto Rescue Squad flies in on Air Force 2 from Washington, D.C. too late, and gives up rescue efforts when the cave collapses; his remains are not recovered until June, 2006. On Feb. 14 after being denounced by his former org. the Nation of Islam as a Judas, Malcolm X's home is firebombed with Molotov cocktails thrown through the windows while his children sleep, causing no injuries, after which Malcom tells Mike Wallace of CBS-TV "Oh yes, I probably am a dead man already." On Feb. 15 Canada's new Maple Leaf Flag is unfurled in ceremonies in Ottawa, replacing the Union Jack flag. On Feb. 15 24-y.-o. John Lennon (b. 1940) finally gets a driver's license. On Feb. 15 17-y.-o. h.s. student Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (1948-) appears on "I've Got a Secret" and plays a short music competition, then wins $200 when nobody could guess that the music was composed by his homemade computer. On Feb. 16, 1965 the Vung Ro Bay Incident sees the largest Viet Cong weapons cache so far seized from a 100-ton North Vietnamese naval trawler at Vung Ro Bay in Dong Hoa District at the end of the Ca Pass Mts., leading to more U.S. Navy involvement in the Vietnamese War. On Feb. 16 three black men and a white woman from Canada (described as pro-Castro leftists) are arrested in New York City for a plot to blow up the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell, and Washington Monument. On Feb. 17 brainy Am. Jewish comedian Joan Rivers (Joan Alexandra Molinsky) (1933-2014) launches her career with an appearance on Johnny Carson's Tonight show; "God, you're funny. You're going to be a star," he says. On Feb. 18 Gambia gains its independence from Britain; it joins the U.N. along with Singapore and Maldive Islands. The midpoint of the decade is approaching, and the white supremacists know it's theirs to lose, and do? On Feb. 18 after rumors of a pending lynching, 500 blacks march from the Zion United Methodist Church to Perry County Jail a half block away to protest the jailing of black civil rights worker Rev. James Orange (1942-2008); the police, claiming an attempted jailbreak turn off the streelights and begin beating them, incl. two UPI photographers and NBC News correspondent Richard Valeriani; 26-y.-o. black civil rights marcher Jimmie Lee Jackson (b. 1938) is shot twice by Ala. State Trooper James Bonard Fowler (1933-) in Mack's Cafe behind the church, after which he flees into the street and is clubbed by police, dying on Feb. 26; after a white grand jury refuses to indict him, Fowler is finally charged with first degree murder on May 10, 2007. On Feb. 18 a bus plunges 50 ft. into a ravine near Mount Vesuvius in Italy, killing 17 and injuring 60. On Feb. 19 USAF B-57s attack the Viet Cong in Binh Dinh Province in the SC coastal region, becoming the first use of U.S. jets in South Vietnam. On Feb. 19 14 Vietnam protesters are arrested in New York City for blocking doors to the U.N. On Feb. 21 ousted Nation of Islam leader (h.s. dropout and convicted robber) El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, AKA Malcolm X (Little) (b. 1925) is assassinated in front of 400 people during a speech in the Audubon Ballroom in Upper Manhattan, N.Y. by three Black Muslims toting a double-barrel shotgun and pistols which hit him 15x, leaving pregnant-with-twin-daughters Detroit, Mich.-born widow Betty Shabazz (nee Betty Jean Saunders) (1936-97) (AKA Betty X) and four daughters, after which Ossie Davis eulogizes him as "our shining black prince"; three Nation of Islam members are later convicted, incl. Norman 3X Butler (Muhammad Abdul Aziz) (1938-), Khalil Islam (Thomas 15X Johnson) (1935-) (who claims innocence), and Talmadge Hayer (Thomas Hagan) (1942-) (who is caught at the scene and confesses, but claims that Butler and Johnson are innocent); a 4th accomplice who caused a diversion before the shooting escapes; Aziz is paroled in 1985, and is appointed in 1998 by Louis Farrakhan to head a mosque in Harlem, N.Y.; Hagan, the only man to admit to the shooting is paroled in 2010. On Feb. 25 South Korea sends 600 ROK troops to aid South Vietnam, causing North Korea on Mar. 26 to announce its readiness to aid the Communists in Vietnam; South Korea sends 143K troops by next year and 300K by the end of the war; in 1998 it expresses regret to Hanoi for participating in the war. On Feb. 26 West Germany ends military aid to Tanzania - it's a long story, but? On Feb. 26 the Hollywood Wax Museum in Hollywood, Calif. on Hollywood Blvd. near Grauman's Chinese Theater opens, charging $1.50 admittance; the owner is Indian-born Sikh Spoony Singh Sundher (1922-2006); the wax figures are of poor quality, but the competitor Movieland Wax Museum in Buena Park isn't in Hollywood. On Feb. 27 the U.S. State Dept. white paper Aggression from the North accuses the North Vietnamese of a deliberate campaign of aggression against the south, justifying U.S. intervention, with the soundbyte: "The war in Vietnam is a new kind of war, a fact as yet poorly understood in most parts of the world. Much of the confusion that prevails in the thinking of many people, and even governments, stems from this basic misunderstanding. For in Vietnam a totally new brand of aggression has been loosed against an independent people who want to make their way in peace and freedom. Vietnam is not another Greece, where indigenous guerrilla forces used friendly neighboring territory as a sanctuary. Vietnam is not another Malaya, where Communist guerrillas were, for the most part, physically distinguishable from the peaceful majority they sought to control. Vietnam is not another Philippines, where Communist guerrillas were physically separated from the source of their moral and physical support. Above all, the war in Vietnam is not a spontaneous and local rebellion against the established government. There are elements in the Communist program of conquest directed against South Vietnam common to each of the previous areas of aggression and subversion. But there is one fundamental difference. In Vietnam a Communist government has set out deliberately to conquer a sovereign people in a neighboring state. And to achieve its end, it has used every resource of its own government to carry out its carefully planned program of concealed aggression. North Vietnam's commitment to seize control of the South is no less total than was the commitment of the regime in North Korea in 1950. But knowing the consequences of the latter's undisguised attack, the planners in Hanoi have tried desperately to conceal their hand. They have failed and their aggression is as real as that of an invading army" - duh, Vietnam is one country, and they're just ousting you foreign invaders from halfway around the world? On Feb. 28 Austrian pres. (since 1957) Adolf Schaerf dies, and in May former Vienna mayor Franz Jonas (1899-1974) is elected as Austria's 4th postwar pres. (until 1974). On Mar. 1 a gas explosion in an apt. complex in La Salle, Quebec in Canada kills 28. On Mar. 1-9 the Indochinese People's Conference in Phnom Penh discusses Norodom Sihanouk's plan for neutralization of the whole Indochinese region, but makes no progress. On Mar. 3 the U.S. performs a nuclear test at the Nev. Test Site, while the Soviet Union does ditto in Semipalitinsk, E Kazakhstan. On Mar. 3 Tunisian pres. #1 (since July 25, 1957) Habib Bourguiba (1903-2000) delivers his Jericho Speech, advocating a fair and lasting peace between the Palestinians and Israelis based on the 1947 U.N. resolution. On Mar. 6 LBJ orders U.S. Marines to invade Vietnam, with the soundbyte: "My answer is yes, but my judgment is no" - a new twist on see no evil speak no evil? Alabama, sweet home of violent white bigots stinks up America and turns into their Gettysburg, losing the segregation war? On Mar. 6, 1965 a black would-be voter is murdered by whites in Perry County, near Selma, Ala., causing Mar. 7 to become known as Bloody Sunday as state troopers and a sheriff's posse attack 600 civil rights protesters in Selma with billy clubs, tear gas and wet bullwhips while marching from the Brown's Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church to the ">Edmund Winston Pettus Bridge over the Alabama River; a famous photo shows John Robert Lewis (1940-2020) of the SNCC (later a U.S. Dem. Ga. rep.) being beaten on the ground by a white trooper bashing his head in with a nightstick; scores of marchers are injured, and 17 are hospitalized, incl. Larry Platt (1947-), who is later given the nickname "General Platt" and has a 2010 hit song "Pants on the Ground"; MLK Jr. rushes from Atlanta to Selma to lead a biracial protest march on Mar. 9, attended by 300, along with sympathy demonstrations in many Northern cities, but King quickly ends the march to comply with a court order; Pres. Johnson tasks Ala. officials for "the brutality with which a number of Negro citizens were treated; on Mar. 9 white Boston Unitarian Universalist minister Rev. James J. Reeb (b. 1927) is beaten by club-wielding white racists as he leaves a black restaurant, dying on Mar. 11 in Birmingham of massive head injuries, causing a nat. outcry, Pres. Johnson calling it "an American tragedy" that should spark the nation "to bring full and equal and exact justice to all of our people", sending 4K troops to protect the marchers on Mar. 20; Haleyville, Ala.-born federal judge Frank Minis Johnson Jr. (1918-99) of Montgomery (who ruled in favor of Rosa Parks in 1956 and suffered a burning cross on his lawn) allows a new procession because the white behavior had surpassed "the outer limits of what is constitutionally permissible"; journalist Haynes Bonner Johnson (1931-2013) wins a Pulitzer Prize for coverage of the Selma crisis, becoming the first time that a father and son receive a Pulitzer in history after his father Malcolm Johnson won in 1949 for the "Crime on the Waterfront" series that was turned into the 1954 film; three white men are later acquitted of Reeb's murder by a white jury; it took the death of a white to get LBJ off his fence? On Mar. 8 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules unanimously in U.S. v. Seeger (named for Daniel Andrew Seeger, not singer Pete Seeger, although it should be?) to expand the definition of conscientious objector to people who are not members of any religious denomination, such as agnostics and atheists, the test being a "sincere and meaningful belief which occupies in the life of its possessor a place parallel to that filled by the God of those" who had routinely been receiving the exemption. On Mar. 8 (during the Selma fuss) the first 3.5K U.S. Marines (9th Marines, 3rd Battalion) (first of 25K in five battalions) land in Da Nang, South Vietnam, later causing Pres. Johnson and MLK to split ranks on the war; on Mar 15 Highway 19 from Qui Nhon to Pleiku is reopened after almost 2 mo.; on Mar. 19 the 716th MP Battalion arrives to provide security for U.S. installations. On Mar. 11 Operation Market Time to indict the flow of North Vietnamese troops and war material into South Vietnam along its 1K-mi. coast begins; in Oct. the first of 193 Swift Boats (Patrol Crafts Fast) arrive in Vietnam for use as coastal patrol craft; the U.S. Navy begins boarding Vietnamese junks looking for smuggled arms; later the Swift Boats are deployed in the Mekong Delta and Ca Mau Peninsula in the S tip of Vietnam. On Mar. 12 mobster Edward "Teddy" Deegan (b. ?) (uncle of Gerry Indelicato, who later becomes an aide to Mass. gov. Michael Dukakis) is murdered in an alley in Chelsea, Mass. by the Patriarca crime family, after which Joseph "the Animal" Barboza (1932-76) (known for cannibalism and necrophilia, incl. chewing off another mobster's ear) is fingered, causing him to flop and provide false testimony to frame four others in 1968, while the FBI knows the truth and does nothing; in 1997 Joe Salvati is released, after which the U.S. House Committee on Govt. Reform investigates the govt. for withholding evidence; in 2007 Judge Nancy Gertner awards $102M to the framed suckers, becoming the largest single sum ever awarded under the U.S. Federal Tort Claims Act. On Mar. 14 Israel's cabinet formally approves establishment of diplomatic relations with West Germany. On Mar. 15 Egyptian pres. (since June 23, 1956) Gamal Abdel Nasser is reelected (until Sept. 28, 1970). On Mar. 15 the U.N. Security Council votes 11-0- for Resolution 200 to admit Gambia; on Sept. 20 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 212 to admit Maldives; on Sept. 20 it votes 11-0-0 for Resolution 213 to admit Singapore. A Southern white president says we shall overcome? On Mar. 15 after meeting with Ala. gov. George Wallace and breaking "the runty little bastard" with power politics (without making a martyr of him or inciting a new Civil War) Pres. Johnson addresses a joint session of Congress, calling on it to pass the U.S. Voting Rights Act, a result of the lobbying of U. of Ala. black activist Gracie Hawthorne et al., and delivering his We Shall Overcome Speech, with the soundbyte: "At times, history and fate meet at a single time in a single place to shape a turning point in man's unending search for freedom. So it was at Lexington and Concord. So it was a century ago at Appomattox. So it was last week in Selma", followed by "Their cause must be our cause too, because it's not just Negroes, but really it's all of us who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice. And we shall overcome"; on Mar. 17 he gives a speech attacking literacy tests; it passes on Aug. 6 after Sen. minority leader, Ill. Repub. Sen. (1951-69) Everett McKinley Dirksen (1896-1969) delivers all but two of the Senate Repub. votes, causing LBJ to call him up and tell him "You must have made a hell of a speech out there today", to which Dirksen replies "We are proud"; on Aug. 6 as Johnson signs the law he predicts that it will kill the Dem. Party in the South as blacks vote Dem. and whites flee to the Repub. Party; too bad, it ends up being used to gerrymander congressional districts on racial lines; special provisions that expire in 2007 require the Justice Dept. to approve all changes in election laws in certain jurisdictions like the South, near Indian reservations and in cities with large minority pops.; the U.S. Supreme Court goes on to uphold the 1965 U.S. Voting Rights Act 8-1 in S.C. v. Katzenbach (Mar. 7, 1966), then rules 6-3 that certain section are outdated in Shelby County v. Holder (June 25, 2013). On Mar. 16 82-y.-o. pacifist Alice Herz (b. 1882) immolates herself Buddhist monk-style on a street corner in Detroit, Mich. to protest the Vietnam War, becoming the first U.S. activist to do it; after passersby rescue her, she dies 10 days later after saying that she had tried all the other protest methods in vain. On Mar. 18 Soviet cosmonaut Alexei (Aleksei) Arkhipovich Leonov (1934-2019) makes the first (tethered) spacewalk (20 min.) from his Voshkod 2 (Russ. "sunrise") capsule with a 16-ft. tail, er, line, beating the Americanskies by 3 mo.; Arthur C. Clark dedicates "2010: Odyssey Two" (1982) to him. On Mar. 19 Romanian dictator Ghreorghe Gheorgiu-Dej (b. 1901) dies, and on Mar. 22 Nicolae Ceausescu (1918-89) becomes gen. secy. of the Romanian Workers Party, followed by pres. of the state council on Dec. 9, 1967 (until Dec. 22, 1989), going on to rule with an iron hand, starting with changing the party's name to Romanian Communist Party, and the country from People's Repub. of Romania to Socialist Repub. of Romania, and breaking with the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact while courting the U.S. and W Europe and becoming the first Communist country to recognize Western Germany, join the IMF, and receive a U.S. pres. (Richard Nixon); he is the only Communist leader to retain diplomatic relations with Israel, attempting to mediate with the PLO until the 1967 Six-Day War causes him to break them off; Chivu Stoica (1908-75) becomes pres. #6 (until Dec. 9, 1967). On Mar. 21 the Selma protest resumes as 3.2K civil rights demonstrators led by Martin Luther King Jr., and protected by 4K Nat. Guardsmen and federal agents sent by Pres. Johnson begin a march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery, Ala. down the Jefferson Davis Highway (Rt. 80) (begun in 1913), reaching Montgomery on Mar. 25 with 25K marchers to protest the denial of voting rights to blacks and get a ton of positive publicity. On Mar. 21 the U.S. govt. confirms that riot control agents have been used in South Vietnam. On Mar. 21 U.S. aircraft attack their first North Vietnamese radar site. On Mar. 21 the U.S. launches Ranger 9, the last in the photo-taking lunar explorer series. On Mar. 22 the Nat. United Party defeats the ruling Freedom Party in Ceylon, and Dudley Shelton Senanayake (1911-73) becomes PM (until 1970) with a coalition govt. On Mar. 22 the U.S. govt. admits that chemical warfare agents are being used against the Viet Cong in South Vietnam - kill them in the tunnels like rats? On Mar. 23 Gemini 3 blasts off from Cape Kennedy carrying USAF Capt. Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (1926-67) (first American to fly into space twice) and U.S. Navy. Capt. John Watts Young (1930-) (first flight by an astronaut who's not one of the original seven), becoming the first U.S. 2-person space flight, making the first manual change of orbit altitude and plane, and the first controlled lifting reentry; after his previous disaster, Grissom names the craft the (Unsinkable) Molly Brown, and Young sneaks a corned beef sandwich into orbit, given to him by Wally Schirra, who purchased it at Wolfie's Restaurant and Sandwich Shop at the Ramada Inn in Cocoa Beach, Fla., causing a congressional uproar; after this NASA doesn't allow astronauts to name their spacecraft - or fly right after St. Patrick's Day? Speaking of rats? On Mar. 25 the Times of India reveals that the country's 2.4B rats eat as much food as its 400M Indians. On Mar. 25 white civil rights worker (Detroit housewife) Viola Gregg Liuzzo (b. 1925) is murdered in her car by three Klansmen with a .38 pistol shot to the head for giving a ride home from the march to a 19-y.-o. black barber; their trial results in a hung (10-2) jury after KKK atty. ("Imperial Klonsel") Matt H. Murphy Jr. plays the race card, and they are acquitted in a 2nd trial, but are later convicted on federal civil rights charges and given 10 years each; one of them turned out to be an undercover FBI agent, which Murphy calls a "white nigger" - and his night train mambo from 1953? On Mar. 25 the West German Bundestag extends its war crimes restitution payments to Jews, which began in 1953. On Mar. 27 30 Claymore mines are accidentally detonated at Plei-Do-Lim Special Forces camp in Pleiku, with heavy casualties. On Mar. 30 (10:55 a.m.) a car bomb goes off in front of the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, killing 17 employees; on Mar. 31 U.S. planes retaliate with their 15th raid across the North Vietnamese border since Pleiku, bombing six radar installations, incl. Dong Hoi Airfield, becoming the first North Vietnamese airfield hit; the Viet Cong counter by exploding a bicycle bomb in front of the My Canh Floating Restaurant on the Saigon River, killing 44 incl. 12 Americans. In Mar. elections to the Pakistan nat. assembly give the govt. Pakistan Muslim League party a two-thirds majority. In Mar. a year after his conviction Jack Ruby gives a short TV news conference containing the soundbyte: "Everything pertaining to what's happening has never come to the surface. The world will never know the true facts of what occurred, my motives. The people who had so much to gain, and had such an ulterior motive for putting me in the position I'm in, will never let the true facts come above board to the world"; when asked by a reporter "Are these people in very high positions Jack?", he responds "Yes." On Apr. 1 Jordanian king (since 1952) Hussein I bin Talal (1935-99) appoints his younger brother Prince Hassan bin Talal as crown prince and heir to the Hashemite throne after getting the constitution changed to allow for fraternal succession - looking fabulous at what age? On Apr. 2 Canadian PM Lester B. Pearson accepts the Temple U. World Peace Prize at Temple U. in Philly, giving a speech criticizing U.S. bombing of Vietnam, with the soundbyte: "There are many factors which I am not in a position to weigh, but there does appear to be at least a possibility that a suspension of such air strikes against North Vietnam, at the right time, might provide the Hanoi authorities with an opportunity, if they wish to take it, to inject some flexibility into their policy without appearing to do so as the direct result of military pressure", pissing-off LBJ, who takes him to task on Apr. 3 at Camp David, causing Pearson to apologize for the speech. On Apr. 3 South Korea and Japan finally end their grievances with a peace treaty, causing student protests in South Korea on Apr. 13-17, while the opposition in parliament engages in violence; on June 22 South Korea restores diplomatic relations with Japan, signing the Korea-Japan Normalization Treaty, providing for $800M in grants and low interest loans as reparations for Japan's 35-year occupation of the Korean peninsula, along with Japanese fishing rights off the Korean coast, rights for Koreans living in Japan, and trade relations; too bad, South Korean dictator Park Chung-hee gives part of the dough to families killed by the Japanese and owners of destroyed property, but snubs those conscripted into slave labor or the Japanese military, along with the "comfort women" forced to give sex services to the Japanese, and uses the rest to build the country's infrastructure, with the motto "Poor people, strong state"; on Aug. 26-Sept. 25 more protests cause martial law to be proclaimed again, with the police occupying univs. and arresting hundreds. On Apr. 4 the first U.S. planes are shot down by MiGs over North Vietnam. On Apr. 5 the first Lava Lamp Day is celebrated. On Apr. 5 the new Central Rural Reconstruction Council is created to run the South Vietnamese pacification program, which is renamed the rural reconstruction program. Britain's year at the Oscars? On Apr. 5 the 37th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1964 to Warner Bros.' My Fair Lady, along with best actor to Rex Harrison and best dir. to George Cukor; best actress goes to Julie Andrews for supercalifragilisticexpialidocious Mary Poppins (beating Audrey Hepburn in My Fair Lady), best supporting actor to Peter Ustinov for Topkapi, and best supporting actress to Lila Kedrova for Zorba the Greek (Anthony Quinn is snubbed for best actor because he doesn't look white enough and is considered best supporting actor material?). On Apr. 6 LBJ authorizes the use of U.S. ground troops in combat operations - we're sure glad pesky JFK is out of the way? On Apr. 6 Early Bird is launched, becoming the first commercial comm satellite; on May 2 it transmits its first TV signal across the Atlantic. On Apr. 7 Pres. Johnson gives his Peace Without Conquest Speech at Johns Hopkins U., declaring that the U.S. is ready for "unconditional discussions" with the North Vietnamese, and proposing a multi-billion dollar Marshall Plan to modernize Southeast Asia incl. North Vietnam with a TVA Project for the Mekong Delta, saying "We cannot and must not wait for peace to begin this job", and privately telling his aides "Old Ho can't turn that down"; too bad, he spoils the plan by ruling out participation in negotiations by the Bicycle Bombing Viet Cong, causing them to summarily reject it? On Apr. 7 East Germany closes the autobahn between West Germany and West Berlin to protest the meeting of the West German Parliament in Berlin, and imposes higher tariffs on rail and water traffic with Berlin. On Apr. 8 the Brussels Merger Treaty merges the three bodies of the European Economic Community, effective July 1, 1967. On Apr. 9 the Second Indian-Pakistani Conflict begins in the Rann ("salt marsh") of Kutch in E Pakistan and NW India with a dispute over the Kutch-Sind border; a ceasefire is agreed to on June 30. On Apr. 9 a U.S. Navy jet shoots down a MiG over the South China Sea SW of Hainan Island using a Sidewinder missile, while they down one U.S. Navy jet in the same dogfight. On Apr. 11 the 1965 Palm Sun. Tornado Outbreak sees 47 tornadoes in the U.S. Midwest states of Ind., Ohio, Mich, Wisc., Ill, and Iowa, killing 271 and injuring 1.5K, incl. a record 137 killed and 1.2K injured in Ind., becoming the 2nd most active week in U.S. history, with 51 significant and 21 violent tornadoes, and 2nd biggest in the Midwest. On Apr. 13 16-y.-o. Lawrence Wallace Bradford Jr. is appointed by N.Y. Repub. Sen. Jacob Javits, becoming the first African-Am. page in the U.S. Senate - I got religion and all the Bibles I need? On Apr. 14 the USAF flies its first night attack mission over North Vietnam; on Apr. 16 the first North Vietnamese SAM (surface-to-air-missile) site is begun near Hanoi. On Apr. 14 "In Cold Blood" (Nov. 14-15, 1959) celeb murderers Perry Edward Smith (b. 1928) and Robert Eugene "Dick" Hickock (b. 1931) are hanged in Lanswing, er, Lansing, Kan. - their last meal better not have been a hero sandwich? On Apr. 15 U.S. and South Vietnamese bombers drop 1K tons of bombs on Viet Cong positions. On Apr. 17 the Students for a Dem. Society (SDS) hold their first Vietnam War protest in Washington, D.C., the March Against the Vietnam War, drawing 25K. On Apr. 20 LBJ's top aides Robert S. McNamara, Gen. William Westmoreland, William Bundy et al. meet in Honolulu, Hawaii, and agree to recommend to LBJ that he send another 40K combat soldiers to Vietnam, after which in late Apr. LBJ meets with South Vietnamese gens. Nguyen Cao Ky and Nguyen Van Thieu in Honolulu for two days, and decides to raise U.S. aid to Saigon from 207M to 330M clamboombas and send 40K more U.S. soldiers to the Asian paradise; Pres. Johnson claims that the war will be won in 6 mo., while Ky claims it will take "four or five Hitlers"; meanwhile his admin. "inched their way across the Rubicon without even admitting it" (David Halberstam), going from protecting airfields to 'getting' the guerrillas? On Apr. 21 the New York World's Fair open for its 2nd and last season (until Oct. 17). On Apr. 24 LBJ announces that Americans fighting in Vietnam are eligible for combat pay. On Apr. 24 Cuban industry minister Che Guevara and 13 Cuban guerrillas arrive in the Congo to help anti-Mobuto revolutionaries, leaving next year after it turns into a disaster, and going to Bolivia. On Apr. 24-25 a pro-Bosch leftist military coup in the Dominican Repub., begins after Jose Francisco Pena (Peña) Gomez (1937-98) incites it on the radio, toppling the govt. of Donald Reid Cabral, and on Apr. 28 U.S. Texas Cowboy Pres. LBJ sends in 22.8K U.S. Marines and other troops in Operation Power Pack, allegedly to prevent the emergence of another Castro; an OAS ceasefire request on May 6 causes a compromise as Hector Federico Garcia Godoy (1921-70) is installed as provisional pres. (until 1966), announcing gen. elections for 1966, causing Joaquin Balaguer to see his chance and return from exile, forming the Reformist Party to run against Juan Bosch on a platform of gradual change; this is the 8th time since the assassination of Gen. Molinas in May 1961 that the DR govt. has been overturned; the U.S. troops stay until next Oct. On Apr. 28 Barbra Streisand stars in her first TV special My Name is Barbra (B&W) on CBS-TV. On Apr. 29 the 6.5 Seattle Earthquake in Wash. kills seven and causes $12.5M damage. On Apr. 29 Charles de Gaulle condemns foreign involvement in Vietnam, while Australia announces that it's sending troops there. In Apr. recently-retired U.S. Navy Vice-Adm. William Francis Raborn Jr. (1905-90), leader of the Polaris missile project becomes dir. #7 of the CIA (until June 30, 1966), becoming its first non-civilian dir. since 1953; known for his organizational skills, he proves to be no spook and only lasts 14 mo. On May 1 Jewish-Am. gay poet Allen Ginsberg is crowned the Queen, er, King of May at the May Day celebration in Prague, Czech. On May 1 after three launch failures, the Soviet Union launches Luna (Lunik) 5; too bad, it crashes on the Moon in the Sea of Clouds on May 12, becoming the 2nd Soviet spacecraft to reach it since Luna 2 in 1959, which also crashed. On May 3 Cambodia severs relations with the U.S. (until 1969); meanwhile the first 3.5K U.S. Army combat troops, all from the 173rd Airborne Brigade arrive in Vietnam - where's the 2-buck chuck? On May 4-5 Operation Rolling Thunder is halted in order to conduct aerial photo recon missions over North Vietnam. On May 6 the South Vietnam Armed Forces Council dissolves itself and votes confidence in PM Phan Huy Quat. On May 7 U.S. Marines and Seabees begin construction of Chu Lai (Vietnamese "harbor of big ships") Airfield 56 mi. SE of Da Nang in Dung Quat Bay on the South China Sea, becoming the first USMC airfield of the Vietnam War; it becomes operational on June 1, and grows to a major U.S. base. On May 5 Am. folk singer Bob Dylan and Scottish folk singer Donovan (billed as "the British Dylan") meet at the Savoy Hotel in London, during which Donovan's mgrs. won't let journalists be present to stage a "stunt on the lines of the disciple meeting the Messiah", after which Donovan switches to producer Mickie Most, who makes him a superstar. On May 8 Sheik Muhammad Abdullah of Kashmir is arrested by the Indian govt. again (until Jan. 1968). On May 11 the 10th U.S. F-105D is shot down over Xien Khouong, Laos. On May 11-12 2.5K Viet Cong troops attack the provincial capital of Song Be, along with other sites in Phuoc Long Province (N of Saigon) and C South Vietnam, finally withdrawing after fierce battles. On May 11-12 a cyclone in East Pakistan kills 12K; another one on June 1-2 kills 35K; on Dec. 15 a cyclone in Karachi, Pakitan kills 10K. On May 12 West Germany establishes diplomatic links with Israel only four days after the 20th anniv. of the German surrender in WWII; on May 13 10 Arab states break off relations in protest - hello, hello? On May 12 Capt. John M. Waters Jr. of the U.S. Coast Guard announces that each year 15 large cargo vessels disappear at sea, along with 600 crew members, often with such abruptness that their positions cannot be determined - fodder for UFO believers? On May 12-19 Indian PM Lal Bahadur Shastri visits Moscow to seek economic aid for the great Indian drought of 1965-6. On May 13 the U.S. announces its first bombing pause in Operating Rolling Thunder (until May 19) in hopes of getting the North Vietnamese to negotiate, but they use the time to repair air defenses and send more troops S on the Ho Chi Minh Trail; ditto for six more pauses. On May 13 the Viet Cong attack a U.S. Special Forces camp in Phuoc Luong; 2nd Lt. Charles Q. Williams (1933-82) is wounded 4x knocking out a Viet Cong machine gun and guiding rescue helis, receiving a Medal of Honor. On May 14 Elizabeth II of England dedicates an acre at Runnymede Field (site of the 1215 signing of the Magna Charta) as a memorial to JFK. On May 17 41-y.-o. beared Capuchin monk Fra Antonio Corsi is charged with complicity in manslaughter and hiding the body of Piero Scali, who is found at the Capuchin Monastery of San Francesco, 15 mi. S of Rome (where St. Francis of Assisi once lived), along with $64K worth of contraband cigarettes smuggled from Singen, Germany; on May 12 Vatican sources express belief that some of the monks might be involved in the smuggling racket. On May 17 Israeli PM #3 (1963-9) Levi Eshkol (Skolnik) (1895-1969) proposes the Eshkol Plan for peace via a mutual security pact between Israel and its Muslim neighbors as long as they accept resettlement of Arab Palestinians in Arab territory, with financial support by Israel; it is rejected. On May 17-24 tin miners strike against the Bolivian govt. and occupy the mines, causing the govt. to send in troops and draft captured miners into the army. On May 21-23 the first Teach-In on Vietnam is held at the U. of Calif. campus in Berkeley, featuring Polish-born Jewish atheist Trotskyist historian Isaac Deutscher (1907-67) (who was against Zionism until the Holocaust, then admits the "historic necessity" of establishing Israel, but insists on calling himself a "non-Jewish Jew"); later he comments on the 1967 Six-Day War: "This latest, all-too-easy triumph of Israeli arms will be seen one day... to have been a disaster... for Israel itself." On May 22 the 36K-member Jesuit Order appoints a new superior-gen. (#28), Spanish priest Pedro Arrupe y Gondora (1907-91), who has led the Jesuits in Japan since 1958; he is called the "black pope" because he wears unadorned black robes. On May 23 the New York Herald Tribune first uses the phrase "credibility gap" to describe Pres. Johnson's growing deviousness over his Vietnam buildup in the face of his peace promises in the 1964 campaign. On May 24 after Englewood, N.J.-born Marxist philosopher Corliss Lamont (1902-95) gets pissed-off at the U.S. Postmaster Gen. for opening and refusing to deliver his mail, the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 4-4 (White taking no part) in Lamont v. Postmaster General to declare the 1962 U.S. Postal Service and Federal Employees Salary Act unconstitutional that allowed the U.S. Post Office to intercept "Communist political propaganda" and hold it until the addressee requests it. On May 28 a coal mine fire in the state of Bihar in India kills 375; this year 1,003 law degrees are granted in Bihar compared to 306 last year. On May 30 Vivian Malone (1942-2005) becomes the first African-Am. to graduate from the U. of Ala. On May 30 the Viet Cong begin an offensive against the U.S. base at Da Nang. On June 1 a coal mine explosion in Yamano Mine near Fukuoka, Japan kills 236. On June 1 Cleveland Plain Dealer copy ed. Robert N. Manry (1918-71) quits and leaves Falmouth, Mass., in his 13.5-ft. sailboat Tinkerbelle, then crosses the Atlantic Ocean, arriving in Falmouth, England on Aug. 17, becoming the smallest boat to cross so far - size doesn't matter, every American man's manry wet dream? On June 3 lily-white Tex.-born USAF Lt. Col. Edward Higgins White II (1930-67) becomes the first American to make a spacewalk during the flight of Gemini 4, during which he loses a glove, which stays in orbit at a speed of 28K km per hour for 1 mo., becoming the most dangerous garment in history?; on June 7 Gemini 4 splashes down after completing 62 orbits - the reason Michael Jackson, no? By the middle of this year the KKK has made its greatest single-year membership gains ever, incl. the Reconstruction period. On June 7 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Griswold v. Connecticut that the 1879 Conn. Comstock law prohibiting the sale of contraceptives to married couples is unconstitutional because of a right to privacy; "Specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance (William O. Douglas); "The right of freedom of speech and press includes not only the right to utter or to print, but the right to distribute, the right to receive, the right to read... and freedom of inquiry, freedom of thought, and freedom to teach"; JFK apointee Byron White votes with the majority, but doesn't go along with the existence of a Constitutional right of privacy, which is later used to legalize unmarried sex in Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972), abortion in Roe v. Wade (1973), and gay sex in Lawrence v. Texas (2003); Hugo Black also dissents after failing to agree on a right of privacy in the Constitution, with the soundbyte: "It belittles that [4th] Amendment to talk about it as though it protects nothing but 'privacy'... 'Privacy' is a broad, abstract, and ambiguous concept... The constitutional right of privacy is not found in the Constitution." On June 9 the White House announces that Gen. William Westmoreland has been authorized to send U.S. troops into battle "when other effective reserves are not available and when in his judgment the general military situation urgently requires it." On June 9-13 the Battle of Dong Xoai (Xai), sees a full Viet Cong regiment overrun a South Vietnamese Army district HQ and U.S. Special Forces camp 60 mi. N of Saigon, after which 1.2K U.S. paratroopers of the 173rd Airborne and 1.6K South Vietnamese and Australians pursue Viet Cong guerrillas in their first "search and destroy" mission, which emphasizes enemy dead over territory gained; 19 U.S. paratroopers are KIA; Gen. William Westmoreland later calls this the point that the enemy won the war, as their spring offensive causes him to ask for and not receive 44 new battalions; in 1991 Westy says "Because President Johnson was afraid of bringing in China and starting a world war, we weren't allowed to enlarge the battlefield", leaving the North Vietnamese with sanctuaries in N Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. On June 14-20 the Great Colo. Flood of the Platte River floods Denver and Castle Rock, killing 21, causing $500M in damage and destroying many businesses, spurring the building of a dam; 12-y.-o. TLW lives uphill of the flood area in Denver and is untouched. On June 17 27 U.S. B-52s bomb Viet Cong outposts in South Vietnam, losing two planes. On June 19 Algerian civilian pres. (since 1963) Ahmed ben Bella is deposed in a bloodless military coup and put under house arrest, and Col. Houari Boumedienne (Boumédienne) (1932-78) becomes pres. of Algeria, suspending the constitution and seeking to restore financial stability; Ahmed is put under house arrest until 1980, after which he is given asylum in Switzerland, then allowed to return in 1990; Boumedienne's right hand man is Abdelaziz Bouteflika (1937-). On June 26 Mr. Tambourine Man by the Byrds becomes #1 on the U.S. pop charts. On June 26 Chairman Mao issues the immortal soundbyte: "The more books you read, the more stupid you become" - he sure hasn't read many? On June 27 Gen. William C. Westmoreland launches the first full-scale combat offensive by U.S. ground troops in Vietnam, sweeping into enemy territory NW of Saigon. On June 27 ABC-TV debuts Where the Action Is, a Dick Clark bandstand show on a Calif. beach featuring "house band" Paul Revere and The Raiders. On June 28 CBS demigod Walter Cronkite departs for a 3-week tour of South Vietnam, becoming the first network news anchor to visit the war front. In June Janos Kadar resigns as Hungarian PM, and Gyula Kallai (1960-96) becomes PM (until 1967), with Kadar remaining the real ruler with Soviet puppet strings up his back, attempting to lighten the repression as best he can in the presence of Soviet trailer trash troops. During the summer several hundred protesters try to stop Vietnam troop trains on the Santa Fe tracks in West Berkeley, Calif.; in Oct. after a silent vigil on Mar. 19-23, 10K+ stage a march from the Berkeley campus to the Oakland Army Terminal. In June country singer Johnny Cash (1932-2003) starts a forest fire in Los Padres Nat. Forest Calif. when an overwheel bearing in his truck sets it on fire, burning 508 acres and killing 49 of the refuge's 53 endangered condors, causing the U.S. govt. to sue him, winning $125K, to which he utters the soundbyte "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards." In the summer the Johnson admin. launches the 8-week summer Project Head Start to assist 560K deprived preschool children before entering kindergarten, harkening back to his days teaching Hispanic kids in Cotulla, Tex.; in Mar. Johnson tells Congress "I never thought then, in 1928, that I would be standing here in 1965... But now I do have that chance, and I'll let you in on a secret, I mean to use it"; Head Start later funds the Sesame Street TV series. On July 1 the Viet Cong stage a mortar attack on Da Nang Air Base, destroying three aircraft, after which seven U.S. Marines are killed while searching for them. On July 6 the XXV (25th) Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is sent by the 89th Congress to the states for ratification. On July 8 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. is reappointed as U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam, taking office on July 31 (until Apr. 28, 1967). On July 10 the Rolling Stones single Satisfaction (released June 6) (a song about commercialism, based on a cool guitar riff created by Keith Richards in his sleep) goes #1 on the U.S. pop charts for four weeks, shocking the older generation with the casual sexual connotations in its lyrics, incl. "can't get no girl reaction" and "I'm trying to make some girl, who tells me baby better come back later next week 'cause you see I'm on a losing streak" (her period), becoming the perfect theme song of the year leading into the big 1966?; Richards uses the new Gibson Maestro Fuzz Box. On July 15 Greek PM George Papandreou is forced to resign after the court suspects him of a coup, leading on July 19-21 to riots followed on July 27 by a gen. strike; in Aug. Papandreou's Central Union Party rejects the king's nominations for PM, and on Sept. 25 the CPU-dominated parliament approves moderate conservative Stephanos Stephanopoulos (1898-1982) as PM (until Dec. 22, 1966), with a Center Union cabinet supported by the conservative Nat. Radical Union. On July 17 Pres. LBJ meets with his military advisors in Camp David for the weekend and decides to raise the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam to 50K, despite objections by Clark Clifford and Mike Mansfield - Super Nanny will teach those gooks a lesson? On July 18 U.S. Cmdr. (later rear Adm. and U.S. Repub. Ala. Sen. in 1981-7) Jeremiah Andrew Denton (1924-2014) is shot down over Thanh Hoa, Vietnam, and becomes a POW for eight years; in 1966 he is interviewed on North Vietnamese TV and blinks the word "torture" in Morse Code with his eyes, disobeying his captors' orders to knock the U.S. in order to utter the Stephen Decatur-like soundbyte "I don't know what is happening now in Vietnam, because the only news sources I have are Vietnamese, but whatever the position of my government is, I believe in it, I support it, and I will support it as long as I live", making him a big hero in the U.S.; he is released on Feb. 12, 1973. On July 23 the 1965 U.S. Coinage Act eliminates silver from the quarter and dime, and reduces the content in the half-dollar from 90% to 40%; another law makes U.S. Treasury certificates no longer redeemable in silver after June 28, 1968, and on Dec. 31 1970 the U.S. Bank Holding Co. Act (BHCA) Amendments clarifies the 1956 BHCA, withdrawing silver from the dollar coin and replacing it with copper and nickel, requiring the Federal Reserve Board to regulate bank holding cos., and establishing permissible and non-permissible non-bank activities. On July 24-25 (Sat.-Sun.) the 1965 Newport Folk Festival in Newport, R.I. sees folk music finally reach commercial status, with July 25 becoming Folk Judgment Day when Bob Dylan goes electric, outraging his fans, who shout "Get rid of that electric guitar", after which the festival (founded 1959) closes; Phil Ochs (who was invited to the 1963 festival but not this one) praises Dylan's courage in defying the folk music authorities; Dick Farina (Fariña) (1937-66) and Mimi Baez Farina (1945-2001) (sister of Joan Baez) sing while the audience is drenched in the rain and loving it, setting the stage for the bohemian hippie lifestyle of the 60s? On July 21-28 Pres. Johnson meets with top aides to decide what in the, er, the future course of action in Vietnam, and on July 28 he gives a noon press conference announcing that he will send yet another 44 combat divs., increasing the troop level from 75K to 125K, while doubling monthly draft calls to 35K, with the soundbytes "We did not choose to be the guardians at the gate, but there is no one else", "I have asked the commanding general, General Westmoreland, what more he needs to meet this mounting aggression. He has told me. And we will meet his needs. We cannot be defeated by force of arms. We will stand in Vietnam", and "I do not find it easy to send the flower of our youth, our finest young men, into battle. I have spoken to you today of the divisions and the forces and the battalions and the units, but I know them all, every one. I have seen them in a thousand streets, of a hundred towns, in every state in this union, working and laughing and building, and filled with hope and life. I think I know, too, how their mothers weep and how their families sorrow"; meanwhile U.S. defense secy. Robert Strange McNamara decides that the war will be over by June 30, 1967 (the end of the fiscal year) so that his budget will come out even? On July 26 the 1,192-island 26-atoll Repub. of Maldives gains independence from the Brits, who maintain an air base on Gan Island until 1976. On July 27 LBJ signs a bill requiring cigarette makers to print health warnings on cigarette packages starting next Jan. 1. On July 28 after being nominated by Pres. Johnson, liberal assoc. justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (since Sept. 28, 1962) Arthur Joseph Goldberg (1908-90) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #6 (until June 24, 1968), laboring under an exaggerated opinion of his abilities to end the Vietnam War, along with the expectation of being reappointed to the court and/or backed as the first Jewish pres. of the U.S., with the soundbyte: "I thought I could persuade Johnson that we were fighting the wrong war in the wrong place." On July 28 after believing that he would notify him in advance if any of his Great Society reforms were about to be deemed unconstitutional, Pres. Johnson nominates liberal Jew Abraham "Fiddlin' Abe" Fortas (1910-82) to the U.S. Supreme Court to fill the vacancy left by liberal Jew Arthur J. Goldberg, who resigned to become U.S. rep. to the U.N.; on Aug. 11 he is confirmed as U.S. Supreme Court justice #95, and is sworn-in on Oct. 4 (until May 14, 1969) - can the Supreme Court have too many Jews and the U.N. not enough? On July 28 Edward Richard George "Ted" Heath (1916-2005) succeeds Sir Alec Douglas-Home as the leader of the British Conservative Party (until Feb. 11, 1975). On July 29 Elizabeth II attends the premiere of the Beatles movie "Help!"; it premieres in New York City on Aug. 11. On July 30 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Medicare Act (Social Security Amendments of 1965), authored by Los Angeles, Calif.-born U.S. HEW secy. (Aug. 18, 1965-Mar. 1, 1968)) John William Gardner (1912-2002), which goes into effect next year, modifying Titles 18 and 19 of the Social Security Act to create Medicare for older people and Medicaid for the poor, with a statutory requirement of coverage of items that are reasonable and necessary; LBJ utters the soundbyte: "I don't know much about economics, but I do know the Congress, and I can get the Great Society through right now. This is a golden time". In July the statute of limitations for prosecuting Nazi War criminals, set to expire this month is extended to Dec. 31, 1969 - don't let them live long enough to get Medicare? In July former Peace Corps assoc. dir. of public affairs and LBJ special asst. (since 1963) Billy Don "Bill" Moyers (1934-) becomes LBJ's new White House press secy. (until Feb. 1967) - get on the honker and tell your friends in the networks to fill the fall prime time schedule with wacky comedies? On Aug. 2 Canadian-born CBS-TV newsman Morley Safer (1931-20-16) films the burning of the Vietnamese village of Cam Ne by U.S. Marines, sending the first journalistic report from Vietnam saying that the U.S. is losing, which is aired on Aug. 5, pissing-off LBJ and causing him to call CBS and demand that they fire Safer for someone more safer; CBS pres. Frank Stanton decides he can frankly stand, er, stay on. On Aug. 4 Pres. Johnson asks Congress for an additional $1.7B for the war on poverty, er, Vietnam War; knowing they can afford it now, on Aug. 5 the Viet Cong destroy 2M gal. of fuel in storage tanks near dagnabbit Da Nang. On Aug. 5 the undeclared Indo-Pakistani (Kashmir) War of 1965 (ends Sept. 23) begins with India charging Pakistan with infiltrating with irregulars, after which on Aug. 6 Indian forces cross the ceasefire line in an offensive toward Lahore, winning their first major mountain battle on Aug. 14-15, after which the Pakistanis counterattack around Tithwal, Uri, and Punch, causing an Indian thrust into Azad Kashmir, capturing the key pass of Haji Pir 5 mi. inside the Pakistan border; on Sept. 1-19 72 Pakistani tanks and two infantry brigades counterattack in Punjab, catching the Indians unprepared and causing heavy losses, causing Indian air counterattacks, which Pakistan copies on Sept. 2, followed on Sept. 6 by a paratrooper raid of Punjab; on Sept. 4 the U.N. Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 209, calling for a ceasefire and cooperation with the U.N. Military Observer Group in Pakistan; on Sept. 6 the U.N. Security Council unanimously adopts Resolution 210 calling for a ceasefire in Kashmir, on Sept. 8 Britain bans arms supplies to India, while the U.S. lends military aid to both sides, despite a Pakistani loan agreement with Communist China; on Sept. 20 the U.N. Security Council votes to approve Resolution 211 calling for a ceasefire on Sept. 22 at 07:00 GMT, with both sides withdrawing to their pre-Aug. 5 positions, which is accepted by both sides by Sept. 22, and marked by frequent violations for months, with India having control of two-thirds of Kashmir, after a total of 3K Indians and 3.8K Pakistanis are KIA. On Aug. 9 mostly-Chinese Singapore on the S tip of the Malay Peninsula 85 mi. N of the equator (modern-day pop. 5.6M) proclaims its independence from the Malaysian Federation, with PM (since 1959) Lee Kuan Yew (1923-) continuing as PM (until 1999) and Yusof bin Ishak (1910-70) as pres. #1 (until 1970); Ishak's mug ends up gracing the currency; the per capita GDP of $511 is the 3rd highest in E Asia after Japan and Hong Kong; economists Goh Keng Swee (1918-2010) and Albert Winsemius (1910-96) design a state-led industrialization program that gives it a modern economy and a high globalization index - cause he da George Washington? On Aug. 11 Canada sells huge amounts of wheat to the Soviet Union and Communist China - Capitalists feed Communists good? Assume the position, suckah? On Aug. 11-16, 1965 after two black youths clash with the Calif. Highway Patrol, the Watts Riots (worst race riots since 1943 Detroit?) begin in the 98% black Watts section of South Los Angeles, Calif. (only five black cops in a 205-man force), causing 34 deaths, 857 injured, 2.2K arrested, and $50M-$200M in property damage; it all starts when white that's-me-in-the-leather-jacket-and-tight-shoes Calif. Highway Patrol (CHiPS) officer Lee W. Minikus stops black driver Marquette (Ronald) Frye (1944-86) (who had been drinking vodka and orange juice) at the corner of Avalon Blvd. and Imperial Hwy. during the 4th day of a heat wave, and his mommy shows up and jumps the honky as he tries to arrest her son and force him into his car, allegedly brutally beating him; rumors begin that the pigs had hit a pregnant woman in the belly with a club and/or tried to choke her, causing a mob to form by 10 p.m, and at 11 p.m. 2K pissed-off blacks begin roving and looting; on Aug. 12 at 7:45 p.m. the riots resume, and black comedian Richard Claxton "Dick" Gregory (1932-2017) is wounded in the leg as he tours with a bullhorn begging for order; on Aug. 13 at 10 a.m. two white salesmen are attacked, followed by a white pig wounding a black looter at 11 a.m., causing 20K Nat. Guard troops to arrive by the afternoon as 5K rioters roam a 150-block area throwing Molotov cocktails; at 9:40 p.m. a sheriff's deputy is mortally wounded, followed by three more deaths; looters ignore signs on stores reading "Owned by a Brother"; on Aug. 14 snipers begin picking off soldiers and pigs, and the Nat. Guard force is increased to 14K, with a curfew imposed; the riots end on Aug. 16 after six days; on Aug. 18 police arrest 35 blacks after a gunfight at a Black Muslim mosque. On Aug. 12 a black riot starts in West Chicago, Ill. after a fire truck kills a black woman while answering an alarm in West Garfield Park; by Aug. 13 100 are arrested and 67 injured, and 2K Nat. Guardsmen are mobilized. On Aug. 14 I Got You Babe by Sonny & Cher becomes #1 on the U.S. pop charts. On Aug. 15 the Beatles (their 2nd U.S. tour) perform at New York's Shea Stadium before 55K, then appear on the Ed Sullivan Show on Sept. 12. On Aug. 17-24 Operation Starlite sees U.S. Marines stage a preemptive strike on 1.5K Viet Cong gathering to attack Chu Lai Air Base based on intel from a Viet Cong deserter, becoming the first all-U.S. offensive ground military action of the Vietnam War, killing 614 Viet Cong and taking 9 POWs vs. 45 U.S. forces killed and 120 wounded; on Aug. 19 the Viet Cong stronghold of Van Tuong is destroyed; the whole operation is the first decisive U.S. V, boosting troop morale. On Aug. 20 after marching with Martin Luther King Jr. in Selma in Mar., then getting arrested on Aug. 13 with a group of protesters picketing whites-only stores in Ft. Deposit, Ala., then being released, white Episcopal seminarian Jonathan Myrick Daniels (b. 1939) is shot and killed by white deputy Tom L. Coleman (1910-97) while trying to defend 17-y.-o. black civil rights protester Ruby Sales (1948-) at Varner's Grocery Store, after which Coleman is acquitted by an all-white jury after claiming self-defense against an unarmed agitator; in 1991 Daniels is designated a martyr by the Episcopal Church, with the commemoration day set on Aug. 14. On Aug. 21 Gemini 5 blasts off from Cape Canveral atop a Titan V, carrying astronauts L. Gordon Cooper (first person to go on two orbital missions) and gap-toothed Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr. (1930-99); it splashes down on Aug. 29 after proving new long-lasting fuel cells and messing up a practice space rendezvous, after which Conrad calls it "eight days in a garbage can", during which they establish a space endurance record of 190 hours, 56 min., travelling 3.3M mi. On Aug. 24 a conference called by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia over the Yemeni civil war results in an agreement with UAR Pres. Gamal Abdel Nasser, ending their involvement and arranging for a Yemeni plebiscite; on Nov. 23 a peace conference convenes, and ends in a deadlock on Dec. 25. On Aug. 26-Sept. 24 the first parliamentary elections are held in Afghanistan, without activity by political parties - if you give them an inch they'll take a mile? On Aug. 27 electrified turncoat folk artist Bob Dylan is booed off the stage in Forest Hills, N.Y.; on Aug. 30 his album Highway 61 Revisited is released; on Sept. 3 he is finally accepted at the Hollywood Bowl. On Aug. 27-Sept. 13 Category 3-4 (155 mph) Hurricane Betsy begin On Aug. 28 the U.S. military routs the Viet Cong in the Mekong Delta, killing 50+. On Aug. 28 the first Subway sandwich shop (originally Pete's Super Submarines, then Pete's Subway) is founded in Bridgeport, Conn. with a $1K loan from family friend (nuclear physicist) Dr. Peter Buck (1930-) by 17-y.-o. recent h.s. grad Frederick Adrian "Fred" DeLuca (1947-2015); it sells its first franchise in 1974, opens its 100th store in 1978, its 1,000th in 1987, and its 11,000th store in Aug. 1995, and by 2007 is #1 with 25K stores in 83 countries, growing to 44.6K stores in 111 countries by 2016; the motto is "Eat fresh"; meanwhile in Jan. 2000 after claiming that he lost 200 lbs. by eating only at Subway and holding the mayo, Indianapolis, Ind.-born Jared Scot Fogle (1977-) becomes the spokesman, helping the co. triple in er, size until he is charged with child molestation and porno and is fired on Aug. 18, 2015. On Aug. 31 the U.S. Congress establishes the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which subsumes the Federal Housing Admin. (FHA). On Aug. 31 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Draft Card Burning Law making it crime punishable by five years in jail and a $1K fine to burn or mutilate a draft card, which only makes it more popular since it gets the attention of the media at anti-Vietnam War rallies? - burning your own ghetto is okeedokee if you're black, though, cause we got HUD? In Aug. the U.S. Marines form the first Combined Action Platoons, using South Vietnamese militia units to root out Viet Cong guerrillas and protect villages. In Aug.-Dec. India suffers an acute food shortage, which is relieved by huge shipments from the U.S. and Australia - it's too darn hot, it's too darn hot? On Sept. 5 Guatemala proclaims a new 1965 Guatemalan Constitution restoring a democratic regime, which only leads to further polarization between left and right. On Sept. 7 the Delano Grape Strike in Calif. of downtrodden Filipino grape workers begins (ends July 1970), with the AFL-CIO affiliated Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee demanding federal min. wage and decent working conditions; on Sept. 19 Cesar Chavez and the Mexican, er, Nat. Farm Workers Assoc. join, spreading to 2K workers, after which a nat. grape boycott puts on the screws; it finally ends in July 1970 after five years with a collective bargaining agreement covering 10K farm workers. On Sept. 9 French pres. Charles de Gaulle has de gall to announce that France is withdrawing from NATO in protest of U.S. domination; meanwhile Socialist Francois Mitterrand (1916-96) is nominated for the French presidency. On Sept. 9 U.S. Navy pilot James Bond Stockdale (1923-2005) is shot down over North Vietnam, and spends 7.5 years as a POW, incl. four in solitary confinement; as the highest-ranking naval officer in captivity, he works with fellow Hanoi Hilton POW John McCain to organize a culture of defiance, and in the fall of 1969 slits his wrist to psych out his captors? On Sept. 13 (Mon.) the sitcom The John Forsythe Show debuts on NBC-TV for 29 episodes (until Aug. 29, 1966), starring John Forsythe (Jacob Lincoln Freund) (1918-2010) as USAF veteran John Foster, who inherits the Foster School for Girls in San Francisco, Calif.; on Feb. 21, 1966 he is recalled to active duty as a spy, with an all-new cast, which doesn't save the show from being canceled. On Sept. 14 the 4th (Last) Session of Vatican II opens, with Pope Paul VI announcing that a synod of bishops will collaborate in governing the church; Greek Orthodox archbishop Athenagoras I agrees with Pope Pius VI to a revocation of the mutual excommunication decrees of 1054 - here it's all about tradition? The 1965-66 U.S. prime TV season is full of wacky sitcoms to take peoples' minds off what's happening to their boys in wacked-off Vietnam, and the public's tolerance for the war ends up equaling their lust for the wacky sitcoms? On Sept. 14 (Tues.) the wacky Western sitcom F-Troop debuts on ABC-TV for 65 episodes (until Apr. 6, 1967), starring Kenneth Ronald "Ken" Berry (1933-) as U.S. Army Pvt. Wilton Parmenter, "the Scourge of the West", who won a Medal of Honor for instigating the final charge at the Apr. 9, 1865 Battle of Appomattox by sneezing and being mistaken for giving the order to charge, getting him a promotion to capt. in charge of remote Ft. Courage, a dumping ground for goof-offs, incl. Sgt. Morgan Sylvester O'Rourke, played by 6'4" actor Forrest Tucker (1919-86), and Corp. Randolph Agarn, played by Lawrence Samuel "Larry" Storch (1923-), who deal with the local Hekawi ("Where the heck are we?") Indian tribe (played mainly by Yiddish comedians as an in-joke that they're the 13th tribe of Israel), while Parmenter's babe, shopkeeper "Wrangler" Jane Angelica Thrift, played by Melody Patterson (1949-) (who is only 16-y.-o. when the series starts) is always trying to hook him into marriage. On Sept. 14 (Tues.) the wacky sitcom My Mother the Car debuts on NBC-TV for 30 episodes (until Apr. 5, 1966), starring Dick Van Dyke's brother Jerry Van Dyke (1931-) as atty. David Crabtree, whose dilapidated 1928 Porter touring car turns out to be haunted by his deceased mother Gladys (Ann Sothern); it later is touted as the worst TV sitcom of all time, although if it had been targed only to kids it might have been called one of the best kiddie shows of all time? Here come the guys from Apocalypse Now? On Sept. 15 the 16K-man 400-helicopter U.S. 1st Cavalry Div. (Airmobile) (1st Air Cav) (AKA Sky Soldiers and First Team) arrives in South Vietnam, and is stationed at An Khe, becoming the first full-strength army div. to be ordered to Vietnam, turning the Vietnam War into a heli war; it sees its first combat on Oct. 23 on the North Vietnamese 33rd Regiment near Plei Mei, freaking and routing them; by the end of the war it loses 926 heli pilots and 2,005 crewmen. On Sept. 15 (Wed.) the Western series The Big Valley debuts on ABC-TV for 112 episodes (until May 19, 1969), starring Barbara Stanwyck (Ruby Catherine Stevens) (1907-90) as wealthy widow Victoria Barkley who owns the Barkley Ranch in Calaveras County, Calif. near Stockton, based on the 30K acre Hill Ranch (1955-1931), her sons Jarrod Thomas Barkley (atty.), played by Richard Long (1927-74), Nicholas Jonathan "Nick" Barkley, played by Joseph Peter Breck (1929-2012), known for dressing in black, and Heath Barkley, played by Lee Majors (Harvey Lee Yeary) (1939-), and her daughter Audra Barkley, played by Linda Evans (1942-). On Sept. 15 (Wed.) the color sitcom Gidget debuts on ABC-TV for 32 episodes (until Apr. 21, 1966), starring Sally Margaret Field (1946-) as 15-y.-o. boy-crazy surfer girl Frances "Gidget" Lawrence, and Donald "Don" Porter (1912-97) as her widowed father Prof. Russ Lawrence of UCLA; too bad, after the British Rock Invasion it's too retro, and is canceled after one season? On Sept. 15 (Wed.) the sci-fi series Lost in Space, a "Space Family Robinson" show debuts on CBS-TV for 83 episodes (until Mar. 6, 1968); the first season is shot in B&W, and starts out serious, after which it goes campy and wacky in color; it stars 6'3" Guy Williams (Armand Joseph Catalano) (1924-89) and June Lockhart (1925-) as the parents prof. John Robinson and Maureen Robinson, Charles William "Bill" Mumy Jr. (1954-) (pr. "MOO-me") and Angela Margaret Cartwright (1952-) as the children Will and Penny, Mark Goddard (1936-) and Marta Kristen (Birgit Annalisa Rusanen) (1945-) as the single hot wild cards, eligible bachelor Maj. Don West and nubile daughter Judy Robinson, and Jonathan Harris (Charasuchin) (1914-2002) as the bad guy Dr. Zachary Smith, who ends up stealing the show, which is set in the year 1997. On Sept. 15 (Wed.) the wacky sitcom Green Acres debuts on CBS-TV for 170 episodes (until Apr. 27, 1971), starring Eddie Albert (1906-2005) and Eva Gabor (1919-95) as New York City atty. Oliver Wendell Douglas and his socialite wife Lisa Douglas, who move to a farm and play fish out of water; a sister show to "Petticoat Junction". On Sept. 15 (Wed.) the cool TV series I Spy, produced by Sheldon Leonard debuts for 82 episodes (until Apr. 15, 1968), starring Robert Martin Culp (1930-2010) as internat. tennis star Kelly Robinson, and William Henry "Bill" Cosby Jr. (1937-) as his Man Friday, er, black trainer Alexander Scott, who are really U.S. spies and totally equal; Three-F Productions is formed by David Friedkin, Morton Fine, and Fouaid Said to produce the show. On Sept. 16 (Thur.) The Dean Martin (Variety) Show debuts on NBC-TV for 264 episodes (until Apr. 5,, 1974), starring whiskey-swigging "King of Cool" "Los Muertos" "Dino" Dean Martin (Dino Paul Crocetti) (1917-95), whose theme song is his 1964 hit "Everybody Loves Somebody (Sometime)"; since it fits, he gets the network to bow to his demands that he only show up for the final taping and keep the flubbed lines in along with the retakes; usually his whiskey glass is really filled with apple juice; meanwhile his feud with former partner Jerry Lewis simmers, as Lewis' career skids to a thud while his soars. On Sept. 16 (Thur.) the Western color series Laredo debuts on NBC-TV for 56 episodes (until Apr. 7, 1967) as a spinoff from "The Virginian", set in Laredo, Tex., starring Lawrence Neville Brand (1920-92) as Texas Ranger Reese Bennett, Peter Brown (Pierre Lind de Lappe) (1935-) as Texas Ranger Chad Cooper, 6'2" bodybuilder William Smith (1933-) as Texas Ranger Joe Riley, and Eugene Joseph "Philip" Carey (1925-2009) as Capt. Edward Parmalee; 14-y.-o. Kurt Russell appears in an episode as Indian boy Grey Smoke. On Sept. 17, 1965 (Fri.) the wacky color sitcom Hogan's Heroes (a Bing Crosby production) debuts on CBS-TV for 168 episodes (until Mar. 28, 1971), starring Robert Edward "Bob" Crane (1928-78) as U.S. Col. Robert E. Hogan, Werner Klemperer (1920-2000) as bumbling German Col. Wilhelm Klink, John Banner (1910-73) as Sgt. Hans Schultz (known for the soundbyte "I know nothing, nothing!"), and Leon Askin (1907-2005) as German Gen. Albert Burkhalter; the in-joke is that Banner and Askin are Austrian Jews who fled Hitler. On Sept. 17 (Fri.) (9:30 p.m.) the wacky sitcom The Smothers Brothers Show debuts on CBS-TV for 32 episodes (until Apr. 2, 1966), starring Tommy Smothers as an angel who comes back to Earth to watch over his swinging bachelor brother Dicky Smothers, becoming the last CBS-TV sitcom filmed in B&W. On Sept. 17 (Fri.) the semi-wacky Old Western spy show ("James Bond on horseback") The Wild Wild West debuts on CBS-TV for 104 episodes (until Apr. 4, 1969), starring handsome athletic playboy Robert "Bob" Conrad (Conrad Robert Norton Falk) (1935-) as Secret Service agent James West, and Polish-Am. Jewish actor Ross Martin (1920-81) as his partner Artemus Gordon, a master of easy-to-see-thru disguises and Shakespearean ham, who protect Pres. Ulysses S. Grant from Victorian mad scientists while travelling in their own luxury train "Wanderer". On Sept. 18 (Sat.) the wacky sitcom (James Bond 007 parody) Get Smart! debuts on NBC-TV for 138 episodes (until May 15, 1970, then on CBS-TV from Sept. 26, 1969 to Sept. 11, 1970), starring ("Would you believe?") ("Missed it by that much") Don Adams (Donald James Yarmy) (1923-2005) as bumbling shoe-phone-wearing secret agent Maxwell Smart (drives a Sunbeam) (Agent 86), and Barbara Feldon (Hall) (1932-) ("Oh Max!") (a Carnegie Inst. of Tech. grad in real life who won the grand prize in "The $64,000 Question" in the category of Shakespeare, and starred in Top Brass hair pomade for men commercials laid out on an animal print rug) as his partner Agent 69, er, 99; they work for the secret U.S. govt. agency CONTROL, with HQ at 123 Main St. in Washington, D.C., and fight the "internat. org. of evil" KAOS; their boss is Chief, played by Edward C. Platt (1916-74); the Get Smart Theme is played to a sequence of the wacky Rube Goldberg HQ entrance; Agents 86 and 99 get married in season 4, and have twins in season 5. On Sept. 18 (Sat.) the wacky sitcom I Dream of Jeannie, created by Sidney Sheldon based on 1964 film "The Brass Bottle" the debuts on NBC-TV for 139 episodes (until May 26, 1970); (the first 30 episodes are in B&W), starring Barbara Eden (Barbara Jean Morehead) (1934-) as Jeannie the Genie, who never shows her navel until season four, shocking U.S. morals, and lives in a bottle in the home of U.S. astronaut Capt. Anthony "Tony" Nelson, played by Larry Martin Hagman (1931-2012), whose friend is fellow astronaut Capt. Roger Healey, played by Bill Daily (1927-). On Sept. 18-19 the Battle of An Ninh sees the 1st Cavalry Div. of the U.S. 101st Airborne Brigade mauled by the Viet Cong at their new Camp Radcliffe (AKA the Golfcourse) in An Khe, Vietnam, losing 226 KIA vs. 13 Ams. On Sept. 19 (Sun.) the unwacky Quinn Martin drama The F.B.I., based on the 1959 film "The FBI Story" debuts on ABC-TV for 240 episodes (until Sept. 8, 1974), starring Efrem Zimbalist Jr. (1918-) as inspector Lewis Erskin, and Philip Abbott (1923-98) as asst. dir. Arthur Ward; J. Edgar Hoover serves as series consultant so that the cases are laundered, er, authentic; sponsor Ford Motor Co. sees that all the chars. drives Fords. On Sept. 19 (Sun.) the wackiest comedy series The Wackiest Ship in the Army, based on the 1960 film debuts for 29 episodes on NBC-TV (until Apr. 17, 1966), starring Jack Warden (John Warden Lebzeleter Jr.) (1920-2006) as Army Maj. Simon Butcherm who manages shore operations for leaky wooden twin-master schooner USS Kiwi, commanded by Navy Lt. JG Richard "Rip" Riddle, played by Gary Ennis Collins (1938-2012), with the goal of placing spies behind Japanese lines. On Sept. 20 seven U.S. planes are downed in one day over wacky Vietnam. On Sept. 24 Pres. Johnson issues Executive Order 11246, which "prohibits federal contractors and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors, who do over $10,000 in government business in one year from discriminating in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." On Sept. 25 (Sat.) the animated series The Beatles debuts on ABC-TV for 39 episodes (until May 9, 1969), depicting the Beatles in their moptop-and-suit look, with each episode named after a Beatles song, and the story based on the lyrics with the tune played sometime during the episode; the voices of John and George are provided by Solomon Hersh "Paul" Frees (1920-86), and the voices of Paul and Ringo are provided by John Lancelot Blades "Lance" Percival (1933-2015). On Sept. 28 Taal Volcano on Luzon Island, Philippines explodes, killing 500. On Sept. 28 U.S. Marine PFC Robert Russell Garwood (1946-) is captured near China Beach, and stays in Vietnam until 1979 after being released in 1973, ending up being convicted of collaborating with the enemy on Feb. 5, 1981, while claiming innocence and that other POWs have been left behind. On Sept. 30 Pres. Johnson signs legislation establishing the Nat. Foundation for the Arts and Humanities. In Sept. the U.S. and Panama begin negotiating a new Panama Canal agreement, scrapping the 1903 treaty and recognizing Panamanian sovereignty (ends June 1967). In Sept. the new San Francisco psychedelic hippie group Jefferson Airplane performs at the first acid rock dance at Longshoreman's Hall, launching their recording career. In Sept. the wacky Old West comic strip Tumbleweeds by Tom K. "T.K." Ryan (1926-) debuts in the Register and Tribune Syndicate, later acquired by the King Features Syndicate; set in Grimy Bulch (pop. 49), the nearby village of the Poohawk tribe, and U.S. Army Ft. Ridiculous, manned by the 6/7/8 Cavalry, it chronicles the life of lazy cowboy Tumbleweeds, who is always running from Hildegard Hamhocker, his first horse Blossom, second horse Epic, best pal (prof. gambler) Ace, yo-yo-carrying Deputy Knuckles, handlebar-mustachioed Sheriff, for-sale Judge Horatio Curmudgeon Frump, Tex. lawman Quiet Burp, Hildegard's adopted niece Echo and her lazy dog Pajamas, undertaker Claude Clay and gravedigger Wart Wimble; "Garfield" creator is Ryan's asst. in 1969-78; the series ends on Dec. 30, 2007. On Oct. 2 the Hanna-Barbera Productions' animated series Atom Ant debuts on NBC-TV for 26 episodes (until Aug. 31, 1968), who works for the inept police to catch bad guys incl. Ferocious Flea and Prof. Von Gimmick while shouting "Up and at 'em, Atom Ant!" On Oct. 3 after testimony by Harvard U. immigration historian Oscar Handlin (1915-2011) helps persuade Congress, and it passes the U.S. House by 326-69 and the U.S. Senate by 76-18, LBJ signs the U.S. Hart-Celler Immigration Act of 1965 (effective June 30, 1968) on Liberty Island, backed by Ted Kennedy against mainly white Southern opposition, abolishing the discriminatory 1924 quota system by removing "national origin" language, and making family unification the overarching policy, with the soundbyte: "This system violates the basic principle of American democracy, the principle that values and rewards each man on the basis of his merit as a man. It has been un-American in the highest sense, because it has been untrue to the faith that brought thousands to these shores even before we were a country"; permitting up to 300K immigrants a year, incl. 170K from the Eastern Hemisphere and only 120K from the Western Hemisphere (no more than 20K per country), the act becomes effective on July 1, 1968, and soon causes Asian Hindu and Muslim immigration to increase, incl. future RFJ assassin Sirhan Sirhan (a Palestinian), resulting in a marked reduction of the percentage of whites and Christians in the U.S. pop.; it later becomes a key factor in the 2009 election of Pres. Barack Obama; it was sponsored by U.S. Rep. (D-N.Y.) (1923-73) Emanuel Celler (1888-1981) (who worked to get it passed since 1924), and co-sponsored by U.S. Sen. (D-Mich.) (1959-76) Philip Aloysius Hart (1912-76) ("the Conscience of the Senate"); on the Senate floor, after Ted Kennedy utters the soundbyte: "First, our cities will not be flooded with a million immigrants annually. Under the proposed bill, the present level of immigration remains substantially the same... Secondly, the ethnic mix of this country will not be upset... Contrary to the charges in some quarters, [the bill] will not inundate America with immigrants from any one country or area, or the most populated and deprived nations of Africa and Asia... In the final analysis, the ethnic pattern of immigration under the proposed measure is not expected to change as sharply as the critics seem to think... The bill will not flood our cities with immigrants, it will not upset the ethnic mix of our society, it will not relax the standards of admission, it will not cause American workers to lose their jobs" - he croaks just about the time the jig is up on his predictions? On Oct. 4 Pope Paul VI becomes the first reigning pope to visit the Western hemisphere, addressing the U.N. Gen. Assembly in New York City, and celebrating Mass before a crowd of 90K at Yankee Stadium, calling for generalized meaningless peace?; Rosemary and Guy Woodhouse watch the TV coverage, then she has sex with the Devil, and the pope visits her in a vision with a red suitcase, telling her "They tell me you have been bitten by a mouse" - 1968 film Rosemary's Baby. On Oct. 5 U.S. forces in Saigon receive permission to use tear gas - tell me gook, do you smoke pot? On Oct. 6-14 the Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) defeat the Minnesota Twins (AL) 4-3 to win the Sixty-Second (62nd) (1965) World Series. On Oct. 9 Yesterday by the Beatles becomes #1 in the U.S. for four weeks. On Oct. 10 up-and-coming Repub. leader, former B-movie actor Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) gives a speech at Coalinga Junior College in Calif., calling for an official declaration of war in Vietnam - in Vietnam his job was to kill, period? On Oct. 12 agriculturist Per Borten (1912-65) becomes PM of Norway (until 1971), forming a coalition of four center-right non-Socialist parties, with John Lyng as foreign minister; Borten goes on to make news in 1969 by inviting Elizabeth II of Britain to visit him on his farm, then greeting her in his underwear - I just got out of the sauna? On Oct. 14 the Soviet Union launches dual comm satellites Molniya 1 and Molniya 2, giving the vast country good coverage for Communist party propaganda - so pucker up, Buttercup? On Oct. 15-16 the Weekend of Protest sees anti-Vietnam War rallies in 40 U.S. cities, plus London and Rome; 14K anti-Vietnam War protesters march down Manhattan's Fifth Ave., while another 10K march on the Oakland, Calif. army base, and 2K more demonstrate in Berkeley, Calif.; 50 U. of Wisc. students try to arrest the commanding officer of the Truax Air Force Base as a war criminal; a "lie-in" is staged at a draft board office in Ann Arbor, Mich.; David J. Miller (1943-) in New York City becomes the first protester to burn his draft card, causing his arrest a few weeks later, after which he becomes the first person convicted under the new law. On Oct. 17 a time capsule, a twin to the one buried during the 1939 New York World's Fair is buried 10 ft. away at the close of the 1964 World's Fair; this one incl. a bikini and a Beatles record - which has more hair on it? The U.S. finds that the Play Misty for Me Stone Age Vietnamese Commies can actually cause heavy GI casualties despite all their vaunted hi tech? On Oct. 19-25 a U.S. Special Forces (Green Beret) camp at Plei Me in Misty Vietnam 40 mi. S of Pleiku is sieged by the Viet Cong for several days, and after they withdraw they are pursued to the Ia Drang Valley, beginning the 35-day Oct.-Nov. Battle of Ia Drang Valley (pr. ee-YAH DRAHNG) near Chupong Mt. 7 mi. from the Cambodian border (200 mi. N of Saigon's central highlands), becoming the first time U.S. troops meet North Vietnamese regulars; the battle culminates on Nov. 14-16 as the 1st Air Cav unknowingly lands 450 troops of the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry (of George Armstrong Custer fame) on LZ X-Ray near the elite 4K-man North Vietnamese 66th Regiment, getting ambushed and mauled by alien slant-eyed troops yelling "Kill GI!", causing B-52s to be called in to assist losing, er, needy U.S. combat troops for the first time, eventually making the NVA retreat into the jungle; Lt. Col. (later Lt. Gen.) Harold Gregory "Hal" Moore Jr. (1922-2017), cmdr. of the 1st Battalion troops becomes a hero after 1K-2K North Vietnamese are killed vs. 155 U.S. soldiers KIA and 124 wounded; on Nov. 17 the NVA does it again, ambushing 500 more troops of the 7th Cavalry at LZ Albany in the Ia Drang Valley, causing 60% casualties and killing 30% of them; Jack P. Smith (1945-2004), son of ABC-TV journalist Howard K. Smith is wounded, going on to follow in daddy's footsteps; British-born 2nd Lt. Cyril Richard "Rick" Rescorla (1939-2001) survives the assault into LZ Albany, and later dies in the WTC on 9/11; total U.S. war casualties now stand at 1,335 dead and 6,131 wounded; on Nov. 14 U.S. Army heli pilot Maj. Bruce Perry Crandall (1933-) flies repeatedly in and out of the thick of the action to support the troops, and wins a Medal of Honor in 2007; Am. journalist Joseph Lee "Joe" Galloway (1941-) wins a Bronze Star and becomes known as a fair pro-GI journalist; filmed in 2002 as We Were There, starring Mel Gibson as Hal Moore. On Oct. 26 after being nominated by former Merseyside MP Harold Wilson, Queen Elizabeth II awards the Beatles the Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in Buckingham Palace; only Paul is pleased; John utters the soundbyte "I thought you had to drive tanks and win wars to get the MBE"; they give an interview about it on June 12 after the initial announcement - just bring in big tax bucks? On Oct. 26 teenie boarder Sylvia Marie Likens (b. 1949), whose carnival workers left her and her sister Jenny in her care in July for $20 a week finally dies in Indianapolis, Ind. from prolonged humilitation, starvation, bondage, and torture (incl. Coke bottles in the vagina and the words "I am a prostitute and proud of it" carved into her skin) by Gertrude Nadine Baniszewski (vee van Fossan) (1929-90), who had allowed her children and neighbor youths to help with the fun, after which she and and two children and two neighbor youths are convicted, becoming the worst crime in Ind. history (until ?). On Oct. 27 after the Justice Party (Adalet Partisi) wins a majority in elections, Suleyman Demirel (1924-) becomes PM #12 of Turkey (until Mar. 16, 1971), going on to be reelected by a landslide on Oct. 10, 1969. On Oct. 28 the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) issues a number of declarations, all validated by Pope Paul VI, incl. Nostra Aetate (In Our Age), drafted by Jesuit scholar cardinal (since 1959) Augustin Bea (1881-1968), which denounces anti-Semitism and absolves Jews of collective guilt for the crucifixion of Christ; it also says "The Church regards with esteem also the Moslems... Since in the course of centuries not a few quarrels and hostilities have arisen between Christians and Moslems, this sacred synod urges all to forget the past and to work sincerely for mutual understanding and to preserve as well as to promote together for the benefit of all mankind social justice and moral welfare, as well as peace and freedom" - I'll tell all my murdered ancestors? On Oct. 29 after a new legislature is elected and an impasse over approval of the cabinet brings student riots, killing three, journalist and senior diplomat Mohammad Hashim (Hashem) Maiwandwal (1919-73), known for his advocacy of evolutionary Socialism becomes PM of Afghanistan (until Oct. 1967), replacing Mohammed Yousef; he quickly pacifies the students but makes their wiggle-room limits clear. On Oct. 29 Moroccan leftist opposition leader Mehdi Ben Barka (1920-) of the Nat. Union of Popular Forces, who was exiled in 1963 after supporting Algeria against king Hassan II is kidnapped in the Brasserie Lipp in Paris by French police, and never seen barking around the Med again; Morocco, CIA, French intel. and the Israeli Mossad are all suspected of being involved; on Jan. 10, 1966 L'Express pub. an interview with kidnapper Georges Figon, who claims that Hassan II's right-hand man gen. Mohammad Oufkir (1920-72) killed Barka, after which he found dead in his apt. on Jan. 18, the police labelling it suicide prior to an arrest. On Oct. 30 25K march in Washington, D.C. in support of the Vietnam War effort, incl. five Medal of Honor recipients - flags waving high on their wheelchairs? On Oct. 30 fireworks explosions in Cartagena, Colombia kills 50. In Oct. Moise Tshombe is dismissed as PM of the Dem. Repub. of Congo after rendering the Stanleyville rebels ineffective by July, then flees to Spain (until June 26, 1964); on Nov. 24 after being put up to it by CIA Congo station chief Lawrence "Larry" Devlin (1922-2008), Gen. Joseph Desire Mobutu (Joseph-Désiré Mobutu) (1930-97) of the Gbandi tribe deposes Joseph Kasavubu and becomes dictator pres. of the DRC (until May 16, 1997), imposing five years of totalitarian army rule, causing political stability and improving economic conditions while he rids the country of all colonial cultural influence and fights Communism in neighboring countries while maintaining close personal and party ties with Nicolae Ceausescu of Romania; too bad, Mobutu ends up using his position to enrich himself, setting the gold standard for African kleptocracy. In Oct. the Pathet Lao rename themselves to Lao People's Liberation Army. In Oct. a black man bleeds to death in Birmingham, Ala. after a white ambulance driver refuses to take him to a hospital - I don't want no nigger blood on me? In Oct. the 57-mo. Izangi Boom (named for the god who created Japan) begins in Japan (ends July 1970) as U.S. orders for the Vietnam War fuel a buildup of industry. In Oct. Paducah, Ky.-born ex-Scientologist (disciple of Swami Premananda Giri) John Paul Twitchell (1908-71) (Peddar Zaskq) founds Eckankar, claiming to be the Mahanta and Living ECK Master, ending his pronouncements with the soundbyte "I have spoken"; after gaining many followers and stinking himself up with failed predictions of the end of the Vietnam War in 1968 and a 2nd term for LBJ, he has a heart attack on Sept. 17, 1971 in Cincinnati, Ohio after failing to name a successor, causing his wife Gail on Oct. 22, 1971 to name Denhoff, N.D.-born ex-Mennonite Darwin Gross (1928-2008), who on Oct. 22, 1981 appoints Wisc.-born Harold Klemp (1942-) (Wah Z), who actually claims to be Living Eck Master #973, moving the HQ from Menlo Park, Calif. to Chanhassen, Minn. (SE of Minneapolis) and changing the motto from "The ancient science of soul travel" to "The religion of the light and sound of God" to emphasize "everyday spirituality" incl. community service. On Nov. 1 a trackless trolley outside Dokki, Egypt plunges into the Nile River, killing 74. On Nov. 2 (Tues.) English model Jean Shrimpton (1942-) makes history when she wears a jumbo shrimp-sized miniskirt to the Derby Day (first day) of the Melbourne Cup Carnival; she is hatless, gloveless and stockingless; by 1969 the miniskirt becomes a fad in the U.S. and Britain, causing pantyhose sales to skyrocket. On Nov. 2 after handing his 1-y.-o. daughter Emily to passersby, Baltimore Quaker Norman Morrison (b. 1933) immolates himself with kerosene outside the Pentagon office of U.S. defense secy. Robert Strange McNamara to protest the Vietnam War, leaving a note to his wife Anne Welsh saying "Know that I love thee, but I must go to help the children of the priest's village", causing him to become a hero in North Vietnam under the name Mo Ri Xon, with a street and a postage stamp issued in his honor, which U.S. citizens are prohibited from owning because of the U.S. embargo; on May 9, 1967 demonstrators hold a vigil for him before their 4-day occupation of the Pentagon; in 1999 Morrison's widow and two daughers visit Vietnam; in 2007 Vietnamese pres. Nguyen Minh Triet visits the site and reads the poem Emily, My Child by Vietnamese Communist poet To Huu (Nguyen Kim Thanh) (1920-2002). On Nov. 5 U.S. Marine Corps Capt. Harland P. Chapman (1934-) of the USS Oriskany is shot down over North Vietnam in his Vought F-8E Crusader, and becomes a POW; meanwhile after taking off from the USS Oriskany, Duke Mitchell is shot down and killed in his F-4 Phantom II in North Vietnam, and framed for misconduct, causing his son Lt. Pete "Maverick" Mitchell to be denied entrance to the academy and end up as a naval pilot with a chip on his shoulder; both of Maverick's parents loved Otis Redding's "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay", even though it's not written until Nov. 1967 - 1986 film "Top Gun" :) On Nov. 8 Canadian elections cause the Liberal Party to lose its parliamentary majority, and force them to work with the New Dems., who win 18% of the vote. On Nov. 8 Great Society boss LBJ signs the U.S. Higher Education Act, establishing a system of student loans. On Nov. 8 the British Indian Ocean Territory 300 mi. S of the Maldives and 1K mi. SW of India (halfway between Java and Tanzania) is created by detaching the 60-island Chagos Archipelago Island Group from Mauritius, and other islands from the Seychelles; next year Britain leases its largest island, Diego Garcia for setting up plantations, and in 1971 it enters into a joint agreement with the U.S. for 50 years to operate joint a U.S.-British military installation that is used to help control the Greater Middle East and its petroleum supplies, depopulating the island of its indigenous Chagossians in conspiracy with the U.S. via mass secret deportations to Mauritius and Seychelles in 1968-73 after killing their pet dogs, then claiming that the island was always uninhabited. On Nov. 8 (Mon.) the daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives debuts on NBC-TV (until ?), about the Horton family of doctors in the town of Salem; the title screen features the voiceover "Like sands through the hourglass, so are the days of our lives"; on Apr. 21, 1975 it expands from 30 min. to 60 min., going on to push the envelope with episodes on interracial romance, artificial insemination et al.; on Jan. 12, 1976 the cover of Time mag. features Bill Hayes and Susan Seaforth Hayes, becoming the first daytime soap opera stars to appear on its cover (until ?). On Nov. 9 after a populist campaign in which he utters the soundbyte: "The Filipino, it seems, has lost his soul, his dignity and his courage. We have come upon a phase of our history when ideals are only a veneer for greed and power", senate pres. (since 1963) Ferdinand Emmanuel ]Edralin Marcos (1917-89) is elected pres. of the Philippines, and is sworn-in on Dec. 30 as pres. #6 of the 3rd Repub. (until Feb. 25, 1986), pledging to reform the "old order" of bureaucrats, then becoming powerful, greedy, and corrupt as Hell, squirreling away billions of dollars in secret Swiss bank accounts and fictitious corporations? On Nov. 9 (5:16 p.m. EST) (17:16 9-11-65) the Great Northeast Blackout of 1965 occurs during rush hour (begins at 4:44 p.m.) in an 80K sq. mi. area of Ontario, New York and New England (seven NE states and two Canadian provinces) inhabited by 30M as Sir Adam Beck Station No. 2 four mi. W of Niagara Falls on the Canadian side of the border trips a relay, and by 5:38 a domino effect completes the blackout; New York City goes black at 5:27 p.m.; mucho leche flows in the dark as people begin playing hot rabbit?; 62M phone calls are placed in New York City, the most ever recorded in one day; the blackout is traced to the Beck plant on Nov. 15; the blackout lasts up to 13.5 hours. Speaking of black out? On Nov. 9 22-y.-o. former Catholic seminarian Roger Allen LaPorte (b. 1943) (member of the Catholic Worker Movement) immolates himself Buddhist monk-style in front of the U.N. to protest the Vietnam War. On Nov. 10 Chinese Gang of Four member Yao Wenyuan (1931-2005) pub. the 10K-word "On the Historical Beijing Opera 'Hai Rui Dismissed from Office'" in the Shanghai Daily, dissing a popular 1959 opera by Beijing deputy mayor Wu Han as being a veiled attack on Mao for his 1959 dismissal of defense minister Peng Dehau, launching the Chinese (Great Proletarian) Cultural Rev. (ends 1976) after the Beijing party apparatus tries to protect Wu Han and Mao decides to make an example of them and get rid of them and every other potential enemy in China; the other Gang of Four members are Mao's 3rd and last wife Jiang Qing (1914-91), Zhang Chunqiao (1917-2005), and Wang Hongweng (1933-92), all of whom are low-ranking members of the Chinese Communist Party but personally favored by Mao, allowing them to outmaneuver party moderates incl. Deng Xiaoing and take China down the Red roller coaster; after Mao dies, the Gang of Four is arrested on Oct. 6, 1976, and the Cultural Rev. shoved up their butts? On Nov. 11 the 5% white minority Repub. of Rhodesia does a United States of America and formally declares its independence from Britain via the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI), with Ian Douglas Smith as PM #1 (until June 1, 1979); on Nov. 12 the U.N. Security Council votes 10-0-1 (France) to adopt Resolution 216, condemning the UDI as "made by a racist minority" and calling on all member states to refuse to recognize or render assistance to it; Britain, which insists on the No Independence Before Majority Rule (NIBMAR) refuses to recognize it, and on Nov. 20 the U.N. Security Council votes 10-1-1 (France) to adopt Resolution 217, calling for a boycott along with the use of force by the U.K., which Zambia (former Northern Rhodesia) supports, causing Rhodesia to deprive it of their trade route through their territory. On Nov. 11 (night) the First Battle of Ap Bau Bang in Vietnam along Thunder Road (Nat. Route 13) involving the U.S. 1st Infantry Div. becomes the first major U.S. battle of the Vietnam War using armored vehicles. On Nov. 13 theater critic Kenneth Peacock Tynan (1927-80) gets away with saying "fuck" on BBC-3 during a discussion on theater censorship, becoming the first person in BBC history. On Nov. 13 after a mattress in a room above the boiler room filled with paint cans catches fire, and the fire alarms and sprinklers fail to activate, and fire hoses also fail, the 365-ft. wooden superstructure steam cruise ship SS Yarmouth Castle (originally the Evangeline) (built 1927) burns and sink off the Bahamas, killing 90 of 552 passengers and crew, becoming the worst disaster in North Am. waters since the USS Noronic in 1949; the investigation leads to the 1966 Safety of Life at Sea Law, requiring any vessel carrying more than 50 overnight passengers to be built entirely of steel. On Nov. 14 90K more soldiers are sent by the U.S. to Vietnam. On Nov. 17 the U.N. gen. assembly refuses admittance to Red China. On Nov. 17 the 66th North Vietnamese Regiment ambushes a U.S. battalion while moving E toward Plei Mei, killing 30% of the force, with 60% casualties. On Nov. 18 Vatican II releases Dei Verbum, finally encouraging "suitable and correct translations... into various languages, especially from the original texts of the sacred books", reversing their centuries-old policy making lay Bible reading all-but impossible. On Nov. 19 Harvey Oshinsky (1948-) begins pub. the Detroit, Mich. underground newspaper Fifth Estate (until ?), which becomes the longest-running English anarchist pub. in North Am. On Nov. 24 Kuwaiti emir #11 (since 1950) Abdullah III al-Salim al-Sabah (b. 1895) dies, and is succeeded as emir #12 (until Dec. 31, 1977) by his half-brother Sheik Sabah III al-Salim al-Sabah (1913-77), whose nephew Saad al-Abdullah al-Sabah (1926-2006) becomes crown prince and PM; by 1968 Kuwait is a model welfare state seeking to establish dominance among the sheikdoms and emirates in the Persian Gulf. On Nov. 25 (Thur.) (Thanksgiving) folk singer Arlo Davy Guthrie (1947-) (son of folk singer Woody Guthrie) and his friend Richard J. "Rick" Robbins (1946-) are arrested in Stockbridge, Mass. for dumping some trash on a holiday by officer William J. "Obie" Obanhein (1924-94) after a Thanksgiving feast at a restaurant run by Alice M. Brock, after which on Nov. 27 they plead guilty before blind judge James E. Hannon after seeing the "27 8-by-10 color glossy pictures with the circles and arrows and a paragraph on the back of each one explaining what each one was to be used as evidence against us", and are fined $50 and told to pick up the garbage; later turned into the hit 1967 song "Alice's Restaurant (Massacree)". On Nov. 26 France becomes the 3rd country after the U.S. and Soviet Union to launch its own satellite, the A-1, aboard the Diamant ("diamond") rocket, first in the Precious Stones series, incl. Agate, Topaze, Rubis, Emeraud, and Saphir. On Nov. 27 (Sat. after Thanksgiving) 20K-35K anti-Vietnam War protesters march in Washington, D.C., circling the White House then marching to the Washington Monument for a rally, becoming the first use of the chant, "Hey! Hey! LBJ! How many kids did you kill today?"; marchers incl. Dr. Benjamin Spock (1903-98), novelist Saul Bellow, sculptor Alexander Calder et al. - everything's here down to the last hitchin' post? On Nov. 30 U.S. defense secy. Robert S-for-Strange McNamara privately warns LBJ that U.S. casualty rates of up to 1K KIA per mo. can be expected. In Nov. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1927-2003) pub. the Moynihan Report, concluding that the solution to the problems of U.S. blacks must depend on first solving their dependency on welfare, high divorce rate, and 25% out-of-wedlock birthrate; big surprise, black leaders brand it as racist and call him a fascist; by 2006 70% of black children and one-third of all U.S. children are born to unmarried parents - why shouldn't black men pork their unmarried welfare queens to get poppa a new pair of shoes, while the half-grown brats beat it to the streets and hustle for them before founding the next generation? On Dec. 1 the Cuban Airlift of Cuban refugees by the U.S. begins, ending on Apr. 6, 1973 after 260K have been airlifted; too bad, Castro uses this opportunity to empty his jails of all his criminal undesirables and pack them off to pester Charles Bronson types? On Dec. 1 the South African govt. officially declares that children of white fathers are white, causing coloreds (mixed-race) to have a decision to make? - Barack Obama would qualify? On Dec. 3 the Nat. Council of Churches (NCC) calls on the U.S. govt. to halt the bombing of North Vietnam. On Dec. 3 the Beatles begin their final U.K. concert tour in Glasgow. On Dec. 4 a truck bomb goes off outside the Metropole Hotel in Saigon, killing eight U.S. servicemen and wounding 137. On Dec. 5 Charles de Gaulle narrowly defeats his Socialist rival Francois Mitterand on the 2nd ballot in the French pres. election. The pen is mightier than the sword even in Russia? On Dec. 5 the first pro-democracy demonstration in Soviet Union history sees several dozen demonstrate in C Moscow to demand that the trial of writers Andrei Donatovich Sinyavsky (1925-97) (non-Jewish) and Yuli Markovich Daniel (1925-88) (Jewish) be open; after becoming the first defendants in Soviet history to ender a plea of not guilty, they are tried next Feb., and sentenced to 5-6 years in priz for pub. anti-Soviet works; in 1973 Sinyavsky emigrates to France, while Daniel refuses to emigrate; their actions launch the dissident movement in the Soviet Union that ultimately brings it down. On Dec. 5 Bob Dylan meets with beat poets Allen Ginsberg and Michael McClure in City Lights Bookstore in San Francisco, Calif. On Dec. 6 two trucks carrying U.N. peacekeepers collide in Sotouboua, Togo, killing 125. On Dec. 7 U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara tells JFK that the North Vietnamese "believe that the war will be a long one, that time is their ally, and their staying power is superior to ours" - they fought the Chinese for a thousand years, so the U.S. ain't nothing? On Dec. 8 the U.S. 11th Ranger Battalion is ambushed in the Que Son Valley in South Vietnam by the 70th Viet Cong Battalion, causing Operation Harvest Moon to be launched (ends Dec. 20), killing 407 and capturing 33 while suffering 45 U.S. killed and 218 wounded; the ARVN suffers 90 KIA, 91 missing, and 141 wounded. On Dec. 9 food industry engineer Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny (1903-83) succeeds Anastas I. Mikoyan as pres. of the Supreme Soviet (until 1977). On Dec. 9 the New York Times pub. an article claiming that the U.S. is unable to stop the flow of North Vietnamese soldiers and supplies into the south despite massive bombing. On Dec. 9 Lee Mendelson's animated TV special A Charlie Brown Christmas, based on Charles M. Schulz' "Peanuts" cartoon debuts on NBC-TV, sponsored by Coca-Cola, ending up with a scrawny Xmas tree; produced by San Francisco, Calif.-born Leland Maurice "Lee" Mendelson (1933-2019), who produced a documentary of Willie Mays, and uttered the soundbyte that he had just "done the world's greatest baseball player, [and] now should do the world's worst baseball player"; ; stars the voices of Peter Robbins as Charlie Brown, Tracy Stratford as Lucy van Pelt, Chris Shea as Linus van Pelt, and Bill Melendez as Snoopy; "I think there must be something wrong with me, Linus. Christmas is coming, but I'm not happy. I don't feel the way I'm supposed to feel. I just don't understand Christmas, I guess. I like getting presents and sending Christmas cards and decorating trees and all that, but I'm still not happy. I always end up feeling depressed" (Charlie Brown); "Charlie Brown, you're the only person I know who can take a wonderful season like Christmas and turn it into a problem. Maybe Lucy is right. Of all the Charlie Browns in the world, you're the Charlie Browniest" (Linus); the jazz soundtrack the A Charlie Brown Christmas (#175 in the U.S.) by the Vince Guaraldi Trio sells 3.4M copies. On Dec. 14-15 Pakistani pres. Ayub Khan visits LBJ in Washington, D.C. Just the two of us, we can make it if we try? On Dec. 15 Gemini 6A, carrying Walter Marty "Wally" Schirra Jr. (1923-2007) and Thomas Patten Stafford (1930-), and Gemini 7 (launched Dec. 4), carrying Frank Frederick Borman II (1928-) and James Arthur "Jim" Lovell Jr. (1928-) make the first space rendezvous 180 mi. above the Earth, maneuvering to within 10 ft. of each other; the Gemini 7 crew splashes down on Dec. 18 after setting a space endurance record and being allowed to wear soft spacesuits and hang around in long johns. On Dec. 15 the U.S. drops 12 tons of bombs on industrial bldgs. near Haiphong. On Dec. 16 Tonga queen (since 1918) Salote Tupou III (b. 1900) dies, and her son Taufa'ahau Tupou IV (1918-2006) becomes king of 170-island Tonga, whose family has ruled since 1845 (until Sept. 10, 2006); at age 14 he is a top athlete that can pole vault over 9 ft., but he later becomes the world's record heaviest monarch at 462 lbs. On Dec. 16 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 2065 is adopted by 94-0-14, recognizing the existence of a sovereignty dispute between the U.K. and Argentina over the Falkland Islands, with U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 1514 calling for the elimination of all forms of colonialism applying, inviting the parties to find a peaceful solution taking into consideration the wishes of the inhabitants. On Dec. 18 nine states break off diplomatic relations with Britain for not using force against Rhodesia. On Dec. 18-20 Pres. Johnson holds another meeting with top aides to decide the future course of action in Vietnam. On Dec. 19 after projections of the 4th nat. economic plan (1962-5) are met, Charles de Gaulle defeats Francois Mitterrand by 55%-45% in a runoff election, and begins his 2nd term as pres. of France. On Dec. 20 the largest U.S. drug bust so far nets 209 lb. of heroin in Ga. On Dec. 20 The Dating Game, created by alleged CIA hit man Charles Hirsch "Chuck" Barris (1929-) debuts on ABC-TV (until July 6, 1973); it gets unexpectedly high ratings when CBS-TV and NBC-TV cover a press conference by Robert S. McNamara about the boring Vietnam War; in 1978 the "Dating Game Killer" Rodney James Alcala (1943-) appears on it in the midst of his serial rape-murder spree. On Dec. 20 the game show Supermarket Sweep debuts on ABC-TV for 1,111 episodes (until July 14, 1967), broadcast from Food Fair supermarkets in the New York City area and hosted by Bill Malone; after a team-based quiz show, there is a timed race through the supermarket where each team tries to fill their shopping cart with the most valuable items; well-fed America flaunts its abundance and makes a game of overconsumption and stuffing carts full of hams, steaks, and turkeys; "The TV game show that travels to your home town and lets you run wild through your supermarket" - and they wonder why all them illegal aliens wanna sneak over the border from hungry countries? On Dec. 21 four pacifists are indicted in New York City for burning their draft cards. On Dec. 21 the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) is opened for signing, establishing the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination; it goes into force on Jan. 4, 1969; by Jan. 2018 it has 88 signatories and 179 parties. On Dec. 22 the U.S. EF-105F Wild Weasel, which baits enemy radars to illuminate it then tracks them back to their source makes its first kill over Vietnam. On Dec. 23 France enacts a law providing workers with a 4th week of paid vacation. On Dec. 24 U.S. troops levels in Vietnam reach 184,300. On Dec. 25 Pres. Johnson orders the 2nd bombing halt, and sends out feelers for peace negotiations, causing Hanoi to denounce peace talks as a "trick" and "sheer, groundless fabrication"; the pause lasts for 37 days, giving the Commies a nice chance to get well? On Dec. 25 blonde actress and pin-up Chris Noel (1941-) gives her first USO perf. at two Calif. VA hospitals, going on to host her own Armed Forces Network radio show for the GIs in Vietnam while visiting dangerous areas, marrying a Green Beret capt. and becoming the GIs' favorite entertainer; too bad, after the war she and her hubby suffer from postwar trauma. On Dec. 28 the U.S. bans oil sales to Rhodesia. On Dec. 29 a Christmas truce is observed in Vietnam. On Dec. 31 Calif. becomes the largest U.S. state in pop. In Dec. the Mormon History Assoc. is founded in San Francisco, Calif. by "Dean/Father of Mormon History" Leonard James Arrington (1917-99), going on to found "The Journal of Mormon History" in 1974; in 1972-8 Arrington becomes the first official LDS Church historian, and in 1982-6 he becomes the dir. of the Joseph Fielding Smith Inst. for Church (Latter-day Saint) History at Brigham Young U. Despite its official Commie stance, Yugoslavia begins permitting some free enterprise, moderated by workers' councils. The U.S. U.S. Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Act mandates reductions from 1963 allowed emission levels, and sponsors research on motor vehicle emissions and new sources of energy. Sudan's first PM Ismail al-Azhari (b. 1900), who was deposed in 1956, returns to power as pres. of the supreme council (until 1969). Guinea breaks off diplomatic relations with France, and the Soviet Union replaces it as its chief economic and technical provider. Gen. Christophe Soglo dismisses the civilian govt. in Dahomey, and proclaims himself chief of state. King Hassan II of Morocco suspends the 1962 constitution and dissolves parliament. Hungarian-born Teddy Kollek (1911-2007), creator of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem becomes mayor of Jerusalem for the first of six terms (until 1993), going on to bring Arabs into the city as socioeconomic equals, causing Israeli grumbling about him being pro-Arab; he develops Jerusalem as a modern city, becoming known as "the greatest builder of Jerusalem since Herod the Great". Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr. (1912-2002), leader of the WWII Tuskegee Airmen becomes a Lt. Gen. in the U.S. Air Force, becoming the first black USAF gen. The U.S. Land and Water Conservation Act, promising $900M a year from federal oil and gas revenues for acquiring wetlands and other lands; too bad, the money never gets allocated; meanwhile the Calif. Williamson Land Conservation Act, sponsored by state rep. John Williamson (1913-98) gives tax breaks to farmers who agree not to sell their land for at least 10 years; in 1998 it is increased to 30 years; meanwhile prof. Kenneth Norris (1924-98) creates the U.C. Natural Reserve System, encompassing 120K acres by 1998. King Faisal of Saudi Arabia permits Saudi TV broadcasts for the first time, along with women's education, allowing 70 to join the univ., causing religious Muslims to go nonlinear and claim the kingdom is going to the Devil; the reading of the Quran on TV quiets most, but an attempt by extremists to take over the TV station results in the killing of Faisal's nephew, whose brother later gets even for him on June 18, 1975; meanwhile female univ. enrollment rises to 200K by 2001 (54% of the univ. pop.). U.S. steel workers win the right to retire on a full pension after 30 years of service - therefore the U.S. steel industry has about 30 years left before it goes belly-up? Tennis town Wimbledon, a city in Surrey becomes part of Greater London. Pope Paul VI creates 25 new cardinals, bringing the total to 103. The U.S. govt. begins restricting LSD; it is not criminalized until next Oct. U.S. Sen. (D-Wisc.) (1957-89) Edward William Proxmire (1915-2005) begins handing out Golden Fleece Awards to single out outrageous examples of govt. waste. The Soviet Economic Reforms of 1965 (ends 1971), designed by Ukrainian-born economist Evsei Grigorievich Liberman (1897-1981) are based on the Leninist principles of New Dem. Centralism, introducing capitalist mgt. methods incl. material incentives, saving the Soviet economy from stagnation, ditto the East German economy. Harvard-educated economist Barack Obama Sr. (1936-82) of the finance ministry of Kenya proposes dumping pres. Jomo Kenyatta's planned move from Socialism toward capitalism and going 100% Communist, with a 100% income tax to be "utilized in investment for future development", causing Kenyatta to kick him out of the govt., ending his career, after which he goes into a tailspin of alcoholism and drunk driving - leave it to his son to carry on and implement his polices in the U.S.? The Chinese govt. builds a smelting factory for lead and antimony in Pingyang (near Nan Ning), discarding waste in dumps that allow the metals to wash into fields and ponds, poisoning villagers until it is torn down in 2004. Sir Martin Furnival Jones (1913-97) (knighted in 1967) succeeds Sir Roger Hollis as head of the British MI5 internal security service (until 1972), going on to run an unsuccessful hunt for a Soviet mole and inform Labour Party PM Harold Wilson of a plot against him in 1968; when his friend Hollis is later suspected as the Soviet mole, he sticks by him, after which John Cairncross is smoked out in 1990. Popular liberal Egyptian Akhbar-el-Yom (Today's News) journalist and Nasser opponent Mustafa Amin (1914-97) (who got into a telephone argument with Nasser in 1961 after giving more space to Marilyn Monroe's suicide than Nasser's latest speech) is arrested in Alexandria during a meeting with a U.S. diplomat, tortured in jail, railroaded in a kangaroo court on charges of spying for the U.S., and sentenced to life in priz; pres. Anwar Sadat frees him in 1974; meanwhile Chicago mob boss Sam Giancana (1908-75) gets indefinitely jailed by Cook County atty. Edward "Ed" Hanrahan for contempt of court by granting him immunity and forcing him to testify against the mob or rot in jail; lucky for him, Soviet-friendly Egyptian pres. Gamal Abdel Nasser begins going after Israel as well as U.S. business and organized crime in Egypt, causing LBJ to get Saudi-Turkish arms merchant Adnan Khashoggi (Kashoggi) (1935-2017) (who supplied weapons for a cover mission in Yemen during the 1963 Aden Emergency, and has close contacts with the CIA and with Richard Nixon's friend Bebe Rebozo, and who later is implicated in the Iran-Contra Affair) to supply arms to Israel, with Giancana paying him millions in return for getting out of jail, getting set free on May 31, 1966, one year before the Six-Day War - therefore the Six-Day War was funded by organized crime? The Arab Charter of Honor is signed by Arab states to discourage mutual attacks and curb the aggressive Lebanese press - this is not a waterslide, it's a mind eraser? Ken Kesey and 13 others incl. Neal Cassidy are arrested in La Honda, Calif. for growing marijuana. Helen Gurley Brown (1922-) becomes ed.-in-chief of Cosmopolitan mag. The U.S. Nat. Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is established, with a budget of $2.5M a year - I have a structured settlement, and I need cash now? Rainbow Quest, hosted by no-longer-blacklisted folk singer Pete Seeger begins production by WNJU-TV in Newark, N.J. for 38 episodes (until 1966). The Los Angeles Free Press (LAFP) (Freep) is founded in Calif. (until 1970) by Art Kunkin, becoming the first U.S. underground counterculture newspaper; it features underground comics by Ron Cobb (1937-); on Oct. 1 the East Village Other (ETO) is founded by Walter Howard Bowart (1939-2007), Ishmael Reed (1938-), John Wilcock (1927-) et al., becoming the #1 underground counterculture newspaper in New York City. Am. psychologist Bernard Rimland (1928-2006) founds the Autism Society of Am., followed next year by the Autism Research Inst. in San Diego, Calif. The Barbering Hall of Fame is founded in Canal Winchester, Ohio. The Toyota Corolla is introduced in Japan, followed by the U.S. in 1967. U.S. dimes and quarters go from mostly silver to "clad" (copper core with an outer layer of copper and copper-nickel alloy); the quarter drops from 6.25 to 5.67 grams, and the dime from 2.5 to 2.268 grams. Warren Buffett takes Berkshire-Hathaway Corp. (founded in 1839 in Cumberland, R.I.) public; by 2007 $1K of stock brings $5.8M. Tequila, the nat. drink of Mexico (named after the town of Tequila, Jalisco) begins rising in popularity in the U.S., climbing 1,500% in the next decade. A fight over the right to claim Sachertorte (invented in 1832 by Franz Sache) results in a lawsuit, which is won by Vienna - won sado-masochistically by Vienna? In Donald F. Duncan Inc. vs. Royal Tops Mfg. Co., plaintiff Donald F. Duncan Sr. (1892-1971), founder of the Duncan Yo-Yo Co. loses his 1930 trademark on the term "Yo-Yo" when a federal appeals court rules that it has become generic because it has become a part of common speech, opening up other trademarks incl. Q-Tips, Kleenex, Frisbee, Slinky, and Band-Aid to similar rulings, after which federal courts slow down and refuse to use it as a precedent until 1982, when they void Parker Brothers' trademark on their Monopoly game, causing Congress to intervene and allow them to re-register it; although sales peaked at 33M in 1963, Ducan declares bankruptcy, and sells out to Flambeau Products Corp. in 1968, after which sales rebound. Erma Louise Bombeck (nee Fiste) (1927-96) begins a humorous newspaper column based on her midwestern suburban housewife life, reaching 30M readers in 900 newspapers in the U.S. and Canada by the 1970s. 3-y.-o. Hollywood resident Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (1962-) begins her acting career as a toddler in a boat in Coppertone TV commercials, with her mom as her mgr.; sorry, she's not a butt-exposing Coppertone girl. The Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City stages The Responsive Eye, which introduces the public to Op (Optical) Art, which creates an impression of movement by optical illusion. Britain celebrates the 900th anniv. of Westminster Abbey, the 750th anniv. of the Magna Carta, and the 700th anniv. of the British Parliament - forget about the last 50 and we're okay? The U. of Kent ("the U.K.'s European University") and U. of Warwick are founded in England. The Mujaheden-e Khalq (MeK) is founded in Iran, becoming an opposition group to the shah, then to the Iranian Islamic Repub. of 1979, opposing the principle of Velayat-e Faqih (control of the govt. by an ayatollah). Indian-born English Sufi scholar Idries Shah (1924-96) founds the Inst. for Cultural Research in London; in 1969 the spinoff Inst. for the Study of Human Knowledge is founded in Los Altos, Calif. by Am. psychologist Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-). English-born Clive Barnes (1927-) becomes dance-theater critic for The New York Times (until 1977), putting him in a yummy position to make or break Broadway productions. Am. singer Ray Charles is busted for a 3rd time for heroin possession, after which he avoids prison time by kicking the habit in a Los Angeles clinic, and spends a year on parole in 1966. The BBC radio show Round the Horne debuts (until 1968), featuring Julian and Sandy, starring gay working actors Hugh Paddick and Kenneth Williams, who play two young gay out-of-work actors, teaching the public the formerly secret Palare (Polari) code language used by English gays; "Omies and palones of the jury, vada well at the eek of the poor ome who stands before you, his lallies trembling" (Men and women of the jury, look well at the face of the poor man who stands before you, his legs trembling"; "bona drag" = nice outfit, "naff" = not available for fucking, "zhoosh riah" = style hair, "vogue" = cigarette, "willets" = breasts, "cottage" = meet in public bathroom for gay sex, "balonie" = rubbish. Duke Ellington (1899-1974) is rejected for the 1965 Pulitzer Prize in Music, uttering the soundbyte: "Fate is being kind to me. Fate doesn't want me to be famous too young"; he turns to sacred music, presenting a Concert of Sacred Music in Grace Cathedral in San Francisco, followed by a 2nd Sacred Concert at the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine in New York City, followed by a 3rd Sacred Concert in 1973 in Westminster Abbey, London. Right-wing columnist Francis James Westbrook Pegler (1894-1969) (who was kicked out of the John Birch Society for being anti-Semitic) utters the soundbyte about Robert F. Kennedy: "Some white patriot of the Southern tier will spatter his spoonful of brains in public premises before the snow flies." Conservative gun-loving ultra-ham Hollywood star Charlton Heston (1923-2008) (the man who played Moses) becomes pres. of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) (until 1971). Hollywood star Henry Fonda marries his 5th and last wife Shirlee Mae Adams, who lasts until his 1982 death at age 77. Allen Ginsberg walks around nude at a party in a London hotel with a "Do Not Disturb" sign hanging from his johnson; John Lennon shows up and leaves early, telling George Harrison that he hopes their reps will survive the encounter. Salvador Dali donates a sketch of Jesus Christ to the Riker's Island Prison in New Yorki City; on Mar. 1, 2003, four prison officials stage a fake fire drill, steal it and replace it with a fake, and are caught by June, claiming the original was destroyed. Dutch biologist Frits Warmolt Went (1903-90 (famous for his 1928 experiment demonstrating the existence of auxin in plants) founds the Laboratory of Desert Biology in Reno, Nev. The Calif. Native Plant Society is founded in Berkeley, Calif. to preserve native plants - especially that native plant called weed? Brazilian medium Joao de Deus (John of God) (Joao Teixeira de Faria) (1942-) begins his faith healing career, serving up to 3K a day with "psychic surgery", claiming to pull tumors (chicken livers?) out of their bodies etc. An alleged 11th cent. Vinland Map by Leif Ericsson fools Yale U., which announces it on Oct. 10; it is exposed as a forgery in 1974. After leaving EMI, Beatles producer George Henry Martin (1926-) opens the Associated Independent Recording Co. in London, going on to set up a recording studio on the Ireland-like Caribbean island of Montserrat in the 1970s, becoming a vacation-work spot for Elton John, The Rolling Stones, Duran Duran, The Police, Supertramp et al. IBM builds a plant in Montepellier, France. Pepsi-Cola Co. changes its name to PepsiCo. Time mag. enters the fledgling cable TV biz. CEOs of U.S. cos. are paid 44x more than the avg. U.S. employee this year, rising to 212x by 1995. The Philip Morris Tobacco Co. begins putting ammonia compounds into their cigarettes to increase nicotine dosage and make the smoke less acidic. Dow Chemical Co. begins making horrible Napalm, which burns at 2K F, and later becomes the symbol of the Vietnam War to the anti-war movement. The Youthquake Movement (coined by Vogue ed. Diana Vreeland) begins in London, England, dominating the fashion and music scene, with poster girls incl. Edie Sedgwick, Jean Shrimpton, Penelope Tree, Twiggy, and Veruschka modeling miniskirts and jumpsuits designed by Mary Quant, Betsey Johnson et al.; Andy Warhol and his Muses become part of the movement; too-thin, pale, large-eyed, long-lashed 16-y.-o. English model Twiggy (Leslie Hornby) (1949-) starts to become popular, becoming "the Face of 1967" in Europe, and lasting through the decade; "the knock-out beauty of our time" (Mary Quant); meanwhile Mod Fashions become in, featuring shrinking skirts - a statement? After taking the advice of Vogue ed. Diana Vreeland and working for Jane Derby, who dies in Aug., Dominican-born Oscar de la Renta (Oscar Aristides Renta Fiallo) (1932-2014) takes over her label, going on to dress Jacqueline Kennedy and rise to the top by making clients of film stars and royalty. The Benetton clothing group in Treviso, Italy is founded by Luciano Benetton (1935-) plus two brothers and one sister, going on to expand to 5K+ stores in 120 countries. Anchor Brewing Co. in San Francisco, Calif. (founded 1896) is saved from bankruptcy by Frederick Louis "Fritz" Maytag III (1937-), who returns it to its original brewing method, then helps competitors learn microbrewing technology to keep his brewery from having to get too big and lower the quality. Gen. Mills introduces the 3rd lily-white Betty Crocker, followed by the 4th in 1968, the 5th in 1972, the 6th in 1980, the 7th in 1986, and the 8th (multiethnic) in 1996; the first was in 1936, the 2nd in 1955. Pillsbury introduces the blue-eyed Poppin' Fresh Doughboy, created by Rudi Perz of the Leo Burnett Advertising Agency. Peavey Electronics is founded in his hometown of Meridian, Miss. by Hartley Peavey (1941-) in his garage to produce amplifiers for rock guitarists, becoming a hit with Eddie Van Halen, Jerry Cantrell of Alice in Chains et al. 7-Eleven introduces the Slurpee slushy soft drink, served at 28F, only 10 cents for a quick brain freeze?; in ? July 11 becomes the annual Slurpee Day. On May 16 Campbell's Soup Co. begins marketing Franco-American Spaghetti-O's canned mini circular spaghetti for children; on Oct. 19 "Honeycomb" singer Jimmie Rogers introduces them on TV with the "Uh-oh! Spaghetti-O's!" jingle; the original recipe was created in 1884 in Pozzuoli, Italy by the Kirby family, who later emigrated to Brooklyn, N.Y. Gold's Gym on Muscle Beach in Venice, Calif. is founded, becoming the center of the U.S. bodybuilding craze. The first T.G.I. Friday's restaurant opens on Mar. 15 in New York City, founded by Alan Stillman, becoming the first casual dining chain in the U.S. French restaurant critics Henri Gault (1929-2000) (inventor of the term "nouvelle cuisine"), Christian Millau (Dubois-Millot) (1928-), and Andre (André) Gayot (1929-) found Gault et Millau, which becomes one of the most influential French restaurant guides, using a rating scale of 1-20, championing nouvelle cuisine to distinguish it from the Michelin Guides. John Lennon finally passes his driving exam and buys a new Ferrari 330 GT 2+2 Coupe for $2K; meanwhile Yoko Ono presents her Cut Piece perf. art in the name of "peace, and against ageism, racism, and sexism", letting the audience take turns slowly cutting off her clothes with scissors. Haffenreffer Brewery in Boston, Mass. (founded 1870) closes, leaving Mass. without an operating brewery for the first time in 300 years. Cordele, Ga.-born housewife Janie Lou Gibbs (nee Hickox) (1932-2010) poisons her husband Marvin with rat poison, getting away with it when the doctors blame his death on liver disease; in 1966 she poisons her youngest son Marvin, and gets away with it the same way (inheritance); in Jan. 1967 she does ditto with 16-y.-o. son Lester, then finally goes too far and poisons her remaining 19-y.-o. son Robert and his young son Raymond, getting arrested on Xmas Day and convicted of five murders, receiving five life sentences; in 1999 she is released into the custody of her sister after being diagnosed with Parkinson's; she did it for insurance money? Architecture: On Apr. 9 the $35M Houston Astrodome (the first covered stadium) hosts its first ML baseball game between the Houston Astros and New York Yankees; the Astros win by 2-1 after Mickey Mantle hits the first indoor homer; on Apr. 19 the ceiling is painted (cost $20K) to reduce Sun glare, causing the grass to die, leading to the installation of AstroTurf. On July 16 the 7.5-mi. Mount Blanc Tunnel linking Chamonix, France and Courmayeur, Italy (begun 1957) opens, becoming the world's longest tunnel (until 1980). On July 24 the Mauna Kea Beach Hotel in Oahu, Hawaii opens, along with the Kahala Hilton Hotel in Oahu; there are only 587K visitors to Hawaii this year, growing to 10M by 2007. On Aug. 18 the 1-mi.-long Tay Road Bridge in Scotland opens, becoming the longest bridge on Earth (until ?). On Oct. 8 the London Post Office Tower opens, becoming the tallest bldg. in England (until ?). On Oct. 21 the $9.6M Vivian Beaumont Theater at the Lincoln Center at 150 West 65th St. in Manhattan, N.Y. (cap. 1.2K) opens, designed by Eero Saarinen becoming the only Broadway-class theater not located in the Theater District near Times Square, named after May Dept. Stores heiress Vivian Beaumont Allen (1885-1962), debuting with the 1835 play "Danton's Death" by George Buechner, starring James Earl Jones and Stacy Keach; in 1985 the Forum in the lower level becomes the Mitze E. Newhouse Theatre (cap. 299); in 2012 the Claire Tow Theatre opens on the roof. On Nov. 16 after purchasing 23K acres under the alias M.T. Lott, Walt Disney begins construction of Epcot Center (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow) theme park in Orlando, Fla. as a testbed for futuristic city planning, with a pop. of 20K, with above-ground transportation by monorails and PeopleMovers and all auto traffic kept underground; "In Epcot, there will be no slum areas because we won't let them develop. There will be no landowners and therefore no voting control. People will rent houses instead of buying them, and at modest rentals. There will be no retirees. Everyone must be employed" (Walt Disney); the Epcon, er, Epcot icon is Spaceship Earth; it officially opens on Oct. 1, 1982. The 31-story 648-ft. Chicago Civic Center is completed, built of self-weathering Cor-Ten steel, featuring a 50-ft. Untitled Sculpture by Pablo Picasso (an abstract animal of some kind?), unveiled on Aug. 15, 1967, becoming the tallest bldg. in Chicago until 1969 (John Hancock Center), and the tallest flat-roofed bldg. with less than 40 stories on Earth (until ?); on Dec. 27, 1976 it is renamed the Richard J. Daley Center. The Robert and Rosalie Gwathmey House in Amagansett, Long Island, N.Y., designed by architect Charles Gwathmey (1936-) is built for his parents, painter Robert Gwathmey (1903-88) and photographer Rosalie Gwathmey (1908-2001). The 270-mi. Pennine Way opens, becoming England's first nat. long-distance footpath, running N from Edale (near Manchester) in Yorkshire to Kirk Yetholm in Scotland, and crossing Hadrian's Wall - bring your sweater for those cold heaths? The Israel Museum is built in Givat Ram in W Jerusalem (near the Knesset, Israeli Supreme Court and Hebrew U. of Jerusalem), containing the Shrine of the Book to house the Dead Sea Scrolls (discovered in 1947 in Qumran). After the Grand Pennsylvania Station (opened Sept. 8 1910) in New York City at W. 31st-33rd Sts. and 7th Ave. across the street from Gimbel's Dept. Store was demolished in 1963 to make way for the new (4th) Madison Square Garden (opened on Feb. 11, 1968) (relocated from the 1925 site at 50th St. and 8th Ave.), it is rebuilt as the Penn Station at W. 31st St. and 8th Ave. under New York City''s first Preservation Act, sponsored by atty. Albert Bard (1866-1963). Sports: On Jan. 2 the AFL New York Jets sign U. of Ala. QB Joe Namath for $427K, doubling his own outrageous asking price to woo him away from the NFL Baltimore Colts. On Feb. 14 the 1965 (7th) Daytona 500 is won by Frederick "Fast/Fearless Freddy" "Golden Boy" Lorenzen (1934-) in 2 hours 23 min., beating 2nd place Darel Dieringer by a full lap. On Mar. 5 Ernie Terrell (1939-) wins a 15-round decision in Houston, Tex. over 6' Eddie Machen (1932-72) to win the WBA heavyweight boxing title withdrawn from Cassius Clay over his induction problems (until 1967), becoming the first "alphabet soup" world heavyweight champ. On Apr. 15 the 1965 Eastern Conference Finals Game 7 in Boston sees the visiting Philadelphia 76ers down by one point with 5 sec. left in the game, and after 76ers center Wilt Chamberlain is covered by Bill Russell, an inbound pass meant for star 76ers forward Chet Walker is deflected by Boston player (#17) John Joseph "Hondo" Havlicek (1940-) to teammate Samuel "Sam" "the Shooter" Jones (1933-) (#24), who dribbles out the clock, causing Celtics broadcaster John M. "Johnny" Most (1923-93) to yell "Havlicek steals it... Havlicek stole the ball!", becoming one of the most famous calls in sports history - good day to steal, on U.S. Income Tax Day? On Apr. 17-May the 1965 Stanley Cup Finals see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Chicago Black Hawks 4-3, becoming the 6th NHL dynasty in 1965-9; the first Conn Smythe Trophy for NHL playoffs MVP, picked by members of the Prof. Hockey Writers' Assoc. (PHWA) is presented to 6'3 center Joseph Jean Arthur "Le Gros Bill" Beliveau (Béliveau) (1931-2014); goalie Patrick Roy becomes the first to win it 3x (each in a different decade); it is never presented to a team that doesn't reach the Finals (until ?). On Apr. 18-25 the 1965 NBA Finals see the Boston Celtics (coach Red Auerbach) defeat the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Fred Schaus) by 4-1. On May 4 Willie Mays (1931-) hits homer #512, breaking Mel Ott's NL record. On May 6 the 1965 NBA Draft sees nine teams select 112 players in 17 rounds; since New York City is 1 mi. closer to Princeton U. than Philadelphia, the New York Knicks use their territorial pick to select 6'5" Crystal City, Mo.-born "White Oscar Robertson" William Warren "Bill" Bradley (1943-) (#24) (known for his ability to make baskets while turning his back to it), a top star at Princeton U. who set Ivy league records for points and free throws, played in the 1964 Olympics, became the first basketball player to win the James E. Sullivan Award for top amateur athlete in 1965, then becomes a Rhodes scholar and plays 1 year of pro basketball in Italy, followed by 6 mo. in the Air Force Reserve before joining the Knicks in Dec. 1967; he goes on to play for the Knicks for 10 seasons, retiring in 1977 to run for office, becoming U.S. Sen. (D-N.J.) in 1979-97; 6'7" Elizabeth, N.J.-born "Miami Greyhound" Richard Francis Dennis "Rick" Barry III (1944-) is selected #2 overall by the San Francisco Warriors (#24), going on to play for the ABA Oakland Oaks/Washington Caps in 1968-70 and the ABA New York Nets in 1970-2 before returning to the Warriors in 1972-8, becoming the first player to lead the NCAA, ABA, and NBA in season scoring, with an all-league record 30.5 points per game; Brooklyn, N.Y.-born 6'7" forward-center William John "Billy" "the Kangaroo Kid" Cunningham (1943-) of the U. of North Carolina is drafted #5 overall by the Philadelphia 76ers (#32), leaving in 1972 to join the ABA Carolina Cougars in 1972-4 before returning in 1974-6 then becoming the head coach in 1977-85, building a team incl. Bobby Jones, Maurice Cheeks, Andrew Toney, Moses Malone, and Julius Erving, leading them to the playoffs every year and to the finals 3x (1980-2), all against the Los Angeles Lakers. On May 25 Muhammad Ali (who has just converted to Islam) defeats Sonny Liston in round 1 in Lewiston, Maine; because of death threats a small arena is chosen, and only 2,434 turn out to see him float like a butterfly and sting like a bee; Robert Goulet sings the U.S. nat. anthem, beginning "Oh say, can you see, by the dawn's early night." On May 31 the 1965 (49th) Indianapolis 500 is won by James "Jim" "Jimmy" Clark Jr. (1936-68) of Scotland, launching the IndyCar Series on ABC-TV. In June ML baseball stages its first amateur (high school and college graduate) draft; a Jan. phase is added next year (until 1987), along with a 1-time summer selection of AL players; in 1986 foreign players attending U.S. schools are made eligible, Canadians in 1991, and Cuban defectors in 1993. On Sept. 3 the L.A. Angels ML baseball team moves to Anaheim, Calif. and changes their name to the Calif. Angels. On Sept. 25 black Kansas City A's pitcher Leroy Robert "Satchel" Paige (1906-82) becomes the oldest player (59 years, 80 days) to pitch in a ML baseball game in his final game, pitching three scoreless innings. On Nov. 4 after playing for the Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers in 1954-65, 6'9" Chicago, Ill.-born John Graham "Johnny" "Red" Kerr (1932-2009) (#43) of the Baltimore Bullets plays in his last of a record 844 consecutive games (12 seasons) in a 108-7 loss to New York; it takes until 1983 for Randy Smith to pass him; in 1975 after coaching the Chicago Bulls in 1966-8, he becomes a TV commentator for the Bulls (until 2008), overseeing the six Bulls championships in the 1990s along with Michael Jordan's entire career, with Jordan developing a ritual of clapping talcum powder in front of him before each game to mess up his nice suit. On Nov. 21 Francis Dayle "Chick" Hearn (1916-2002), announcer since Mar. 1961 for the Los Angeles Lakers begins a streak of 3,338 consecutive games (until Game 4 of the 2002 NBA Finals), starting the tradition of estimating the distance of shots taken, and becoming known for "Chickisms" incl. "air ball", "slam dunk" (instead of dunk shot), "triple-double", "bunny hop in the pea patch" (traveling), and "charity stripe". Louis Brian Piccolo (1943-70), who led the nation in rushing in college in 1964 makes the practice squad of the Chicago Bears as a free agent, going on to become backup to starting tailback Gale Eugene Sayers (1943-) ("the Kansas Comet") (who scored 22 TDs in his rookie year) in 1969 (the two becoming the first interracial roomates in the NFL), then move up to starting fullback, then tragically die of cancer in 1970, inspiring the 1971 film Brian's Song - I just invited him for a 1-night stand? On Dec. 10-12 the FIQ Internat. Masters Bowling Tournament is held at Stillorgan Bowl in Dublin, Ireland, with 20 bowlers from different nations competing, incl. Tom Hathaway of the U.S.; the winner is Lauri Ajanto of Finland; in 1969 it becomes the AMF World Bowling Cup; in 1972 women are allowed to compete and Irma Urrea of Ireland wins the first women's title; in 2005 it becomes the QubicaAMF World Bowling Cup. On Dec. 18 Kenneth LeBel of the U.S. sets a record by jumping 17 barrels on ice skates. QB (since 1960) Jack French Kemp (1935-2009) leads the Buffalo Bills to a 2nd straight AFL title, becoming the AFL MVP; in 1971 after 10 years with the Bills, he quits to become a Repub. rep. from N.Y. (until 1989). Jack Nicklaus wins the Masters golf tournament for a 2nd time. The Great Bridge Scandal? British bridge players Terence Reese (1913-96) and Boris Schapiro (1909-2002) are accused of cheating by using finger signals at the world bridge championships in Buenos Aires; the World Bridge Federation declares them guilty, but a later British investigation finds them not guilty. The Internat. Swimming Hall of Fame in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. opens. The Tournament Training and Qualifying Program is established by the PGA for aspiring golf pros, later described by David Gould as "golf's cruelest tournament". Nobel Prizes: Peace: UNICEF; Lit.: Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (1905-84) (Soviet Union); Physics: Richard Phillips Feynman (1918-88) (U.S.), Julian Seymour Schwinger (1918-94) (U.S.), and Shinichiro (Sin-Itiro) Tomonaga (1906-79) (Japan) [quantum electrodynamics]; Chem.: Robert Burns Woodward (1917-79) (U.S.) [synthesis of complex organic molecules, incl. the antibiotic cephalosporin, which he pushed the schedule on to be completed by the time of the Nobel ceremony); Medicine: Francois Jacob (1920-2013), Andre Michel Lwoff (1902-94), and Jacques Lucien Monod (1910-76) (France) [genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis]. Inventions: On Mar. 22 Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC) of the U.S. begins marketing the $18.5K 12-bit PDP-8, a computer that can be rolled around on a cart, the first commercial minicomputer, whose design spurs the creation of the Intel 4004 microcomputer; it sells 50K units by 1979. On Sept. 26 the $2.85M carrier-capable subsonic LTV A-7 Corsair II light attack aircraft makes its first flight, entering service in Feb. 1967 and replacing the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk; 1,569 are produced by 1984. The artificial sweetener Aspartame (200x sweeter than sugar) is accidentially discovered by James M. Schlatter of G.D. Searle & Co. after he mixes naturally-occurring amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine, later being marketed as Canderel in France in 1979, Equal in the U.S. in 1982, and NutraSweet in 1999; in 2010 the name of Aspartame is changed to AminoSweet despite increasing evidence that it's carcenogenic. Kidney specialist Robert Cade (1927-2007) of the U. of Fla. invents Gatorade, filled with potassium and sodium for sweating football players - should be Gatorcade? Portland, Ore.-born engineer Ray Milton Dolby (1933-2013) invents Dolby Noise Reduction (NR), separating sound into two channels to reduce tape noise. Am. chemist Stephanie Louise Kwolek (1923-) invents Kevlar, which is five times stronger than steel and half the density of fiberglass; it is first marketed in 1971 and used to make bulletproof vests. A team led by Britain's Charles Oatley (1904-96) produces the first production scanning electron microscope, the Stereoscan. Sherman "Sherm" Poppen (1930-) of Muskegon, Mich. invents the first snowboard on Dec. 25 by screwing together two pairs of children's skis so his daughter can stand up on her sled, calling it the Snurfer, then selling 1M by 1976 at a retail price of $10-$30. Pampers brand 2-piece disposable diapers (6 cents each), first introduced last year in St. Louis, Mo. are patented on Apr. 27 by R.C. Duncan, and marketed by Procter and Gamble; meanwhile Borden test-markets White Lamb brand disposable diapers, and next year Scott Paper Co. test-markets Baby Scott brand, followed in 1968 by Kimberly-Clark's Kimbies; by the end of the decade cloth diapers are kaput in the U.S.; in 1976 Procter & Gamble introduces Luvs, and in 1978 Kimberly-Clark introduces superior hourglass-shaped Huggies; too bad, they leak? Am. engineer James T. Russell (1931-) of Battelle Memorial Inst. in Wash. invents the Compact Disc (CD), a 0.004" thick round piece of acrylic plastic 12 cm in diam. that stores up to 700MB of data as bumps; he patents it in 1970; at first it is only used for audio data, and isn't commercially introduced until Oct. 1982. Science: Am. mathematicians James William Cooley (1926-) and John Wilder Tukey (1915-2000) discover the cool Cooley-Tukey Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (Butterfly) Algorithm for computers, radically speeding up the calculation of Fourier Transforms and permitting real-time computer spectral analysis; it was actually discovered in 1805 by German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss; the FFT becomes the most important computer algorithm of the 20th cent. Artemisinin is isolated byChinese army scientists from annual wormwood (Artemisia annua), and found to be effective against malaria, causing it to be used throughout China and Southeast Asia; too bad, they take 10 years to pub. the discovery, and won't cooperate with Western scientists for fear of Capitalist exploitation? Austrian math student Bruno Buchberger (1942-) develops the theory of Grobner (Gröbner) Bases for polynomial rings, named after his adviser Wolfgang Grobner (Gröbner) (1899-1980), which become important for computer algebra and integer programming, and finally provide an example to go with David Hilbert's "theological" 1888 Basis Theorem. British Jewish mathematician Irving John Good (Isadore Jacob Gudak) (1916-2009) pub. the papers "Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine" and "Logic of Man and Machine", in which he proposes a future "intelligence explosion" when smart machines will begin designing even more intelligent machines, eventually leaving the human race behind in the "technological singularity"; he is hired by Stanley Kubrick as a consultant for his 1968 film "2001: A Space Odyssey"; "Let an ultraintelligent machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however clever. Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could design even better machines; there would then unquestionably be an 'intelligence explosion,' and the intelligence of man would be left far behind. Thus the first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make" - Adam and Eve already heard that one? German-born Arno Allan Penzias (1933-) and Tex.-born Robert Woodrow Wilson (1936-) of Bell Labs pub. their discovery of the 3 deg. Kelvin Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR), supporting the Big Bang Theory, originally proposed in 1927 by Belgian Roman Catholic priest Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaitre (1894-1966), and taking it into primetime after the discovery of blue galaxies is announced on June 12, the blue color taken to mean that they're billions of light years away and therefore in the bloom of youth, winning them the 1978 Nobel Physics Prize; Am. physicist Robert Henry Dicke (1916-97) and Canadian-Am. physicist Phillip James Edwin "Jim" James Peebles (1935-) of Princeton U. independently derive the CMBR, and are in the process of building a radiometer to verify it when Penzias-Wilson scoop them just mi. away, and end up giving them more verification; better microwave detectors later lead know-it-all physicists to attempt to reconstruct the entire scenario in computers - it's complicated, it's complicated? Philosophy of science opponents Karl Popper (1902-94) and physicist Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922-96) debate at the London School of Economics, struggling for the soul of Science, with Kuhn defending his "paradigm shift" model of scientific progress, and Popper repudiating the old observation/induction method in favor of empirical falsification and critical rationalism, "the first non-justificational philosophy of criticism in the history of philosophy", which he extends to a defense of liberal democracy and the open society; Kuhn claims that when a result fails to conform to the central paradism, a scientist blames himself not the paradigm, and forgets about Popper's empirical falsification BS, and only after a series of anomalous results builds up to a crisis does a new central paradigm get formulated by revolutionary scientists who risk burning at the stake et al. until it gets accepted - are they arguing about reality or sci-fi novels they've read? The molecular structure of Transfer RNA (tRNA) is determined by ?. Gas chromatography is used to separate rare earth complexes by ?. Nonfiction: Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), The Conditions of Philosophy: Its Checkered Past, Its Present Disorder, and Its Future Promise. Herbert Sebastian Agar (1897-1980), The Perils of Democracy. Olivier Alain (1918-94), L'Harmonie. William Gordon Allport (1897-1967), Letters from Jenny. Kenneth J. Arrow (1921-), The Theory of Risk Aversion; combined with the 1964 paper by John W. Pratt titled Risk Aversion in the Small and in the Large proposes the Arrow-Pratt Measure of Absolute Risk Aversion (ARA). Roberto Assagioli (1908-74), Psychosynthesis: A Collection of Basic Writings; describes Psychosynthesis, a spiritual holistic approach to psychology based on psychoanalysis, parting ways with his teacher Sigmund Freud by paying "far more attention to the higher unconscious and to the development of the transpersonal self. In one of his letters Freud said, 'I am interested only in the basement of the human being.' Psychosynthesis is interested in the whole building. We try to build an elevator which will allow a person access to every level of his personality." Arnold M. Auerbach (1912-98), Funny Men Don't Laugh (autobio.) Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), Rabelais and His World; a rewrite of his 1940 dissertation. Ian Graeme Barbour (1923-), Issues in Science and Religion. Harry Elmer Barnes (1889-1968), Nathan F. Leopold Jr. et al., The Future of Imprisonment in a Free Society. Lerone Bennett Jr. (1928-2018), Confrontation: Black and White. John Peter Berger (1926-), The Success and Failure of Picasso. Theodore Besterman (1904-76), Crystal Gazing: A Study in the History, Distribution and Practice of Scrying. R.P. Blackmur (1904-65), Eleven Essays in the European Novel. David Bohm (1917-92), The Special Theory of Relativity. Lincoln Borglum (1912-86), My Father's Mountain; Mt. Rushmore. Max Born (1882-1970), On the Responsibility of Scientists in the Nuclear Age. Medard Boss (1903-90), A Psychiatrist Discovers India. Martin Boyd (1893-1972), Day of My Delight: An Anglo-Australian Memoir. Robert Vance Bruce (1923-2008), Two Roads to Plenty: An Analysis of American History. James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014), Presidential Government: The Crucible of Leadership. Violet Bonham Carter (1887-1969), Winston Churchill As as I Knew Him. Noam Chomsky (1928-), Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (May); his magnum opus on linguistics, presenting his epistemological assumptions with the goal of making linguistic theory-making a discipline on a par with the physical sciences, dissing behaviorism, constructivism, empiricism, and structuralism in favor of generativism, mentalism, nativism, and rationalism, focusing on the inner workings of the human mind during language acquisition and production - the kind of book everybody wishes they could write but don't have the innate capacity? Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), The Mexican Dream, or The Interrupted Thought of Amerindian Civilizations. Sidney Cohen (1910-87), Drugs of Hallucination: The LSD Story. R.G. Collingwood (1889-1943) and R.P. Wright (eds.), Roman Inscriptions in Britian (3 vols.); based the work of Francis J. Haverfield (1860-1919) supplemented by his drawings of almost 900 inscriptions Collingwood made all over Britain, containing a total of 2,401 monumental inscriptions found before 1955. Henry Steele Commager (1902-98), The Search for a Usable Past and Other Essays in Historiography. Harvey Gallagher Cox Jr. (1929-), The Secular City: Secularization and Urbanization in Theological Perspective; bestseller (1M copies); liberal Christianity for the 1960s; "God is just as present in the secular as the religious realms of life", but "intrinsic conservatism prevents the denominational churches from leaving their palaces behind and stepping into God's permanent revolution in history", therefore get into the groove and accept both your comfy Christian beliefs and liberal social activism? Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), Reasons of the Heart: Maxims. Alan Dale (1925-2002), The Spider and the Marionettes (autobio.); accuses TV hosts incl. Ed Sullivan of blacklisting him in the late 1950s. George Dangerfield (1904-86), The Awakening of American Nationalism, 1815-1828. Jonathan Worth Daniels (1902-81), They Will Be Heard: America's Crusading Newspaper Editors. Raymond Fredric Dasmann (1919-2002), The Destruction of California. Adelle Davis (1904-74), Let's Get Well; 4th and last in her series pushing uncooked natural foods as a way to prevent cancer et al.; too bad, she dies of cancer in 1974 - the LSD experiments were irrelevant? Edwin Denby (1903-83), Dancers, Buildings, and People in the Streets. Morton Deutsch (1920-), Theories in Social Psychology. Peter Diamond (1940-), National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model; develops the Overlapping Generations (OLG) Model, an extension of the infinite-agent-life Ramsey Exogenous Growth Model in which agents have finite lives, but live long enough to overlap with another agent's life, proving that the decentralized equilibrium might be dynamically Pareto efficient even though it is ex ante inefficient. Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Le Pouvoir, Notes et Maximes; Les Tambours de la Memoire, Mai 1945-Mai 1965. Martin Bauml Duberman (1930-) (ed.), The Antislavery Vanguard: New Essays on the Abolitionists. Will Durant (1885-1981) and Ariel Durant (1898-1981), The Story of Civilization, Part IX: The Age of Voltaire; from the French Regency to the Seven Years' War, 1715-56. Allan W. Eckert (1931-), A Time of Terror: The Great Dayton Flood; the Apr. 1913 Dayton, Ohio flood; The Silent Sky: The Incredible Extinction of the Passenger Pigeon; The Writer's Digest Course in Short Story Writing. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), The Two and the One. M. Stanton Evans (1934-), The Liberal Establishment; The Politics of Surrender. Rev. Edward Flannery (1912-86), The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Anti-Semitism; by a Roman Catholic priest in Providence, R.I.; "This book received its first impetus from a personal experience. One evening several years ago, I walked in New York City in the company of a young Jewish couple... within sight of the huge illuminated cross the Grand Central building displays at Christmas. The young lady declared: 'That cross makes me shudder. It is like an evil presence. It soon became clear that her fearful reaction was the fruit of a knowledge which she, but not I, had - a knowledge of the immense suffering undergone by her people at the hands of Christians for many centuries"; he later utters the soundbyte: "The anti-Semite, not the Jew, is the real Christ-killer. He thinks he's religious, but that's a self-delusion. Actually he finds religion so heavy a burden, he develops 'Christophobia'. He's hostile to the faith and has an unconscious hatred of Christ, who is for him, Christ the Repressor. He uses anti-Semitism as a safety valve for this hostility and is really trying to strike out at Christ" - the original Rambos? James Thomas Flexner (1908-2003), George Washington: The Forge of Experience, 1732-1775; vol. 1 of a 4-vol. definitive bio. of George Washington (1965-72). Erich Fromm (1900-80), Socialist Humanism. John Frederick Charles Fuller (1878-1966), Julius Caesar: Man, Soldier and Tyrant. Francois Furet (1927-97), The French Revolution: 1770-1814 (2 vols.) (1965-6); breaks ranks with the Annales School to agree with Alfred Cobban's revisionism. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), The European Powers, 1900-1945; Plough of My Own Furrow: The Life of Lord Allen fo Hurtwood. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015) and Richard Gott (1938-), The Appeasers. Paul Goodman (1911-72), People or Personnel. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Two Wise Children; Poetic Craft and Principle. Gerald Gunther (1927-2002), Constitutional Law; becomes std. U.S. textbook. David Halberstam (1934-2007), The Making of a Quagmire: America and Vietnam During the Kennedy Era. Leslie Halliwell (1929-89), The Filmgoer's Companion; British film critic pub. the first 1-vol. encyclopedia of cinema, which rates films 0-4, going with "Citizen Kane" (1941) as #1 of all time, followed by "Trouble in Paradise" (1932), "The Bride of Frankenstein" (1935), and "Le Million" (1931). Michael Harrington (1928-89), The Accidental Century; technical progress has opened a gap with social, religious, and economic consciousness, causing dem. socialism to become imperative? Michel Henry (1922-2002), Philosophie et Phenomenologie du Corps. Christopher Hill (1912-2003), Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution. Richard Hofstadter (1916-70), The Paranoid Style in American Politics, and Other Essays; the extreme right of the 1950s-1960s. Irving Howe (1920-93), New Styles in Leftism. F. Clark Howell (1925-2007), Early Man; features a chart showing how easy it is for scientists like him to see back in Time by depicting an ape turning into Albert Einstein by easy jumps like a parade, which later becomes popular for dissing one's favorite enemy by inserting him in the lineup. Robert Rhodes James (1933-99), Gallipoli; becomes a std. work. Walter Johnson (1915-85), The United States Since 1865. Pauline Kael (1919-2001), I Lost It at the Movies (Mar. 11); "1962 was the year I found out there was more to movies than rooting for the good guys and cowering in your seat"; bestseller, making her a top U.S. film critic; too bad, after panning "The Sound of Music", "Lawrence of Arabia", "Dr. Zhivago" et al., she is fired from her job at McCall's, and ends up working for The New Yorker, going on to make or break films for years. Herman Kahn (1922-83), On Escalation. Alfred Kazin (1915-98), Starting Out in the Thirties (autobio.). Christopher Lasch (1932-94), The New Radicalism in America 1889-1963: The Intellectual as a Social Type; the U.S. Left has sold out its old program of economic justice and abandoned its suspicion of those in power to become prof. leftists out to make a buck? Seymour Martin Lipset (1922-2006), The Berkeley Student Revolt: Facts and Interpretations. Walter Lord (1917-2002), The Past That Would Not Die; James Meredith and the the U.S. civil rights struggle. Jackson Turner Main (1917-2003), The Social Structure of Revolutionary America; uses tax and probate records to advantage. Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), Repressive Tolerance; claims that capitalist democracies can have totalitarian aspects. Angela du Maurier (1904-2002), Old Maids Remember: An Autobiography; sister of Daphne du Maurier. Gavin Maxwell (1914-69), The House of Elrig; his family history in calf country Galloway, Scotland. Rollo May (1909-94), The Art of Counseling. John McPhee (1931-), A Sense of Where You Are (first book); about Princeton U. basketball star Bill Bradley. James Edward Meade (1907-95), Principles of Political Economy (4 vols.) (1965-76). Merle Miller (1919-86), Only You, Dick Daring!; his attempt to get his show "Calhoun" starring Jackie Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck on the air at CBS-TV past pres. James T. Aubrey Jr. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), A Gift of Prophecy: The Phenomenal Jeane Dixon (Jan.); NYT bestseller (3M copies). Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), The American Revolution: Two Centuries of Interpretation; Puritan Political Ideas, 1558-1794; expounds the three main ideas of Puritan political theory, incl. Calling, Covenant, and Separate Spheres of Church and State; The Diary of Michael Wigglesworth, 1653-1657: The Conscience of a Puritan; about Am. Puritan minister Michael Wigglesworth (1631-1705). George Lachmann Mosse (1918-99), The Crisis of German Ideology: Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1927-2003), The Negro Family: The Case for National Action; how the African-Am. family has broken down - when true lust kissed, the spell shall break? Ralph Nader (1934-), Unsafe At Any Speed; bestseller proclaiming the Corvair to be a rolling deathtrap, and exposing the automotive industry's more general failure to attend to the "second collision", the impact of occupants with the inside of the vehicle in an accident; the book plus his congressional testimony causes federal vehicle safety standards legislation to be passed in 1966, launching him into the limelight as the first "consumer advocate"; he later sues GM for "overzealous surveillance" for sending women to proposition him at a grocery store and wins, and founds Nader's Raiders, an army of young clean-cut idealists to promote consumer advocacy - the original consumer Rambos? Elliott Nugent (1896-1980), Events Leading Up to the Comedy (autobio.). Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), Hiroshima Notes (essays). George Ohsawa (1893-1966), You Are Sanpaku; tr. William Dufty; launches the macriobiotic food movement in the U.S., along with the George Ohsawa Macrobiotic Foundation in 1971; makes a fan of John Lennon. Zoe B. Oldenbourg (1916-2002), The Crusades. Mancur Olson (1932-98), The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups; members of large groups only act in accordance with a common interest motivated by personal gain; why some interest groups have more influence on the govt. then others; people join interest groups when the returns to group members exceed the cost, and not to provide public but private goods? Vance Packard (1914-96), The Sexual Wilderness; the 1960s sexual rev. Charles Petrie (1895-1977), Scenes of Edwardian Life. Sir Isaac James Pitman (1901-85), Alphabets and Reading: The Initial Teaching Alphabet V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), The Working Novelist. Benjamin Arthur Quarles (1904-96) and Dorothy Sterling, Lift Every Voice: The Lives of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Mary Terrell, and James Weldon Johnson. Philip Rahv (1908-73), The Myth and the Powerhouse; disses myth criticism a la Northrop Frye; "What the craze for myth represents most of all is the fear of history." Theodore Roethke (1901-63), On Poetry and Craft (posth.). Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), Left and Right. Sir Steven Runciman (1903-2000), The Fall of Constantinople, 1453. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), On the Philosophy of Science; ed. by Charles A. Fritz Jr. Kamal Salibi (1929-2011), The Modern History of Lebanon (first book). Paul A. Samuelson (1915-2009), Proof That Properly Anticipated Prices Fluctuate Randomly, written after digging up Louis Bachelier's 1900 dissertation, giving Holbrook Working's 1948 thesis a mathematical form, proposing the Efficient Market Hypothesis; meanwhile Boston, Mass.-born Eugene Francis "Gene" Fama (1939-) (student of Benoit B. Mandelbroit) pub. his dissertation which concludes that stock price movements follow a random walk, sharing the credit. Han Sauyin (1917-), The Crippled Tree (autobio.). Arthur Schlesinger Jr. (1917-2007), A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Pulitzer Prize); bestseller; makes him an instant nerd celeb. Donald Mackenzie Schurman (1924-2013), The Education of a Navy: The Development of British Naval Strategic Thought, 1867-1914; resurrects forgotten British naval historian Sir John Knox Laughton (1830-1915), making him the founder of Canadian naval history. Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Big Board: A History of the New York Stock Market. Theodore Sorensen (1928-), Kennedy; bestseller by his speechwriter. Kenneth Milton Stampp (1912-2009), The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877; tries to disprove the "tragic legend" theory of William A. Dunning (1857-1922), that the North kicked the South down twice by giving its state govts. over to "ignorant, half-civilized former slaves", calling it a success, "the last great crusade of nineteenth-century romantic reformers". William Andrew Swanberg (1907-92), Dreiser.; "This book is intended solely as biography, not criticism... He deserves study simply as one of the most incredible of human beings, a man whose enormous gifts warred endlessly with grievous flaws." Elizabeth Taylor (1932), Elizabeth Taylor (autobio.). John Terraine (1921-2003), The Great War, 1914-1918: A Pictorial History. Time-Life Pubs., Early Man; incl. the Ape to Man Drawing (March of Man) by Russian-born Am. artist Rudolph Zallinger (1919-95), seeming to compress evolution into a single walk on a fashion model's runway, later getting widely ridiculed by creationists. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), Between Niger and Nile; Hannibal's Legacy: The Hannibalic War's Effects on Roman Life (2 vols.). Adam Bruno Ulam (1922-2000), Bolsheviks: The Intellectual and Political History of the Triumph of Communism in Russia; std. bio. of Lenin. John Updike (1932-2009), Assorted Prose (essays). U. of Wisc.-Madison, The Dictionary of Am. Regional English (DARE) (6 vols.) (1965-2009); regional variations in phrases, such as Hero in New York City, Hoagie in N.J. and Penn., Grinder in New England, and Cuban sandwich in Fla., or the use of "calling hogs" for snoring by Southern blacks; "My favorite reading" (Tom Wolfe). J.L. Wade (1913-2007), What You Should Know About the Purple Martin; how they each eat 2K mosquitoes a day. Friedrich Waismann (1896-1959), The Principles of Linguistic Philosophy; introduces the idea of porosity or open texture into the philosophy of language. Michael Walzer (1935-), The Revolution of the Saints: A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics (first book). Benjamin J. Wattenberg (1933-), This U.S.A.. Harold Weisberg (1914-2002), Whitewash: The Report on the Warren Report; former State Dept. intel analyst becomes a top conspiracy theorist on JFK (and later MLK Jr.), selling 30K copies; "When the motorcade turned toward the Depository Building on Houston Street, for several hundred feet there was a completely unobstructed view of it from the sixth-floor window. The police photographs and the forgotten Secret Service reconstruction of 1963 also show this. There was not a twig between the window and the President. There were no curves in that street, no tricky shooting angles. If all the shots came from this window, and the assassin was as cool and collected as the Report represents, why did he not shoot at the easiest and by far the best target? Why did he wait until his target was so difficult that the country's best shots could not duplicate his feat?"; "There is in neither the Commission's Report nor in any of the 26 printed volumes of its hearings and exhibits any sign that the Commission considered this assassination as a political crime, an unvarying characteristic of all assassinations. Likewise, despite the great amount of space devoted to the subject of conspiracy, there is no sign of any real quest for evidence of conspiracy in the broad or political sense. Both the FBI and the Commission decided, as had the police before them, that Oswald was their legitimate prey. Nowhere in the Report is there any evidence that any other assassin or assassins were ever sought or considered. Can anything be logically concluded other than that nobody wanted to find a different assassin or any additional assassin?" Theodore Harold White (1915-86), The Making of the President, 1964. Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby; starts out as a letter to his editor telling why he is trouble writing an article on the hot rod culture, and ends up getting pub. sans saluation, launching the New Journalism movement? Robin Wood (1931-2009), Hitchcock's Films; treats him as a serious artist akin to Shakespeare, launching a career as a film critic; in 1978 he comes out as gay. Malcolm X (1925-65) and Alex Haley (1921-92), The Autobiography of Malcolm X; calls Elijah Muhammad "a religious faker" and exposes his sexual adventures. Art: David Royston Bailey (1938-), Box of Pin-Ups; poster prints of Swinging London celebs, incl. the Beatles, the Kray Twins, and Terence Stamp, who hooks up with supermodel Jean Shrimpton before/after Bailey. Bob "Wassenaar" Bonies (1937-), Red-White Blue 1965; why use any other colors? Alexander Calder (1898-1976), Spiral. Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Le Cirque (The Circus). Lucien Coutaud (1904-77), Les Damarbres. Lucian Freud (1922-), Reflection with Two Children (Self-Portrait). William de Kooning (1904-97), Nude. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), M-Maybe; The Melody Haunts My Reverie; a woman singing "Stardust". Josaku Maeda (1926-), Mystagogie d'Espace. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), La Terre Uni. Henry Moore (1898-1986), Reclining Figure at the Lincoln Center (sculpture). Robert Motherwell (1915-91), Lyric Suite. Alice Neel (1900-84), Thanksgiving; a turkey defrosting in the sink. Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986), Sky Above Clouds IV. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Self-Portrait. Sigmar Polke (1941-), Potato Heads: Nixon and Khrushchev. Bridget Riley (1931-), Descending; Arrest 1. Music: Roy Acuff (1903-92), Freight Train Blues (#45 country). The Five Americans, Show Me (debut); Say That You Love Me, formerly the Mutineers; from Durant, Okla., incl. Mike Rabon, John Durrill, Norm Ezell, Jim Grant, and Jimmy Wright. Jay and the Americans, Cara Mia (#4 in the U.S.). Ed Ames (1927-), Try to Remember (album); incl. Try to Remember. Chris Andrews (1942-), Yesterday Man. The Animals, Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood (Jan.) (#15 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.), We Gotta Get Out of This Place, It's My Life; Dave Rowberry (1940-2003) replaces Alan Price on keyboards. Little Anthony and the Imperials, Hurt So Bad (Jan.) (#10 in the U.S.). Eddy Arnold (1918-), My World (album); incl. What's He Doing in My World?, Make the World Go Away. Joan Baez (1941-), Farewell, Angelina (album #4) (Oct.) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. Farewell, Angelina, It's All Over Now, Baby Blue (by Bob Dylan). The Barbarians, Moulty. Len Barry (1942-), 1-2-3 (Oct.) (#2 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.) (1.75M copies); sued by Motown Records for ripping-off "Ask Any Girl" by the Supremes, causing them to agree to give them 15% royalties; Like A Baby (#27 in the U.S.). Leslie Bassett (1923-), Variations for Orchestra (Philadelphia) (Oct. 22-23) (Pulitzer Prize). Norman Jean Beasler (1938-), Pretty Miss Norma Jean (album); incl. Go Cat Go. The Beatles, The Early Beatles (album) (Mar. 22); Beatles VI (album) (July 14); incl. Bad Boy, Dizzy Miss Lizzy; Help! (album) (Aug. 6); cover shows "NUJV" in semaphore because "HELP" doesn't look aesthetically pleasing; incl. Help!, The Night Before, You've Got to Hide Your Love Away, I Need You, Another Girl, You're Going to Lose That Girl, Ticket to Ride, Act Naturally, It's Only Love, You Like Me Too Much, Tell Me What You See, I've Just Seen a Face, Yesterday, Dizzy Miss Lizzy; Rubber Soul (album) (Dec. 3); incl. Baby You Can Drive My Car (inspired by chauffeur Alf Bicknell), Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) ("I once had a girl, or should I say, she once had me"), You Won't See Me, Nowhere Man, Think for Yourself, The Word, Michelle (Sont les mots qui vont tres bien ensemble tres bien ensemble") (These are words that go together well, go together well), What Goes On, Girl, I'm Looking Through You, In My Life, Wait, If I Needed Someone, Run for Your Life. Harry Belafonte and Miriam Makeba (1932-2008), An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba (album). Jack Beeson (1921-), Lizzie Borden (opera) (New York) (Mar. 25); libretto by Kenward Elmslie; initial scenario written by Richard Plant (1910-97). Luciano Berio (1925-2003), Laborintus II. Rockin' Berries, Life is Just a Bowl of Berries (album #2) (Dec. 1); last to chart; bassist Rod Clarke (1942-) joins in 1967, and they go cabaret; incl. Poor Man's Son (#5 in the U.K.), You're My Girl (by Gerry Goffin and Carole King) (#40 in the U.S.), The Water Is Over My Head (co-written by Al Kooper) (#43 in the U.S.). Leonard Bernstein (1918-90), Chichester Psalms (oratorio) (Philharmonic Hall, New York). Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Dear Dad; It Wasn't Me. Dino, Desi and Billy, I'm a Fool (#17 in the U.S.), Not the Lovin' Kind (by Lee Hazelwood) (#25 in the U.S.); Dean Paul "Dino "Martin (1951-87) (son of Dean Martin), Desiderio Alberto "Desi" Arnaz Jr. (1953-) (son of Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball), William "Billy" Hinsche (1951-) (brother of Carl Wilson's wife Annie Hinsche); signed to Reprised Records, they get special treatment despite lack of talent, incl. session musicians. Boris Blacher (1903-75), Tristan und Isolde (ballet). Cilla Black (1943-), Anyone Who Had a Heart; by Burt Bacharach and Hal David; #1 1960s U.K. hit for a female star in the U.K. The Moody Blues, The Magnificent Moodies (album) (debut) (July 22); from Liverpool, incl. Denny Laine (Brian Frederick Arthur Hines) (1944-)/ David Justin Hayward (1946-) (guitar), Clint Warwick (Albert Clinton Eccles) (1940-)/ John Lodge (1945-) (bass), Michael Thomas "Mike" Pinder (1941-) (keyboards), Ray Thomas (1941-) (flute), and Graeme Charles Edge (1941-) (drums); incl. Go Now. Pierre Boulez (1925-), Eclat. The Beach Boys, The Beach Boys Today! (album #7) (Mar. 8); incl. Do You Wanna Dance?, Good to My Baby, Dance, Dance, Dance, Help Me, Ronda (a dud, so they rework it), When I Grow Up (to be a Man); Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!) (album #8) (June 28); incl. The Girl from New York City, Help Me, Rhonda, California Girls, Then I Kissed Her; Barbara Ann (Dec. 20). James Brown (1933-2006) and the Famous Flames, Papa's Got a Brand New Bag (June) (#8 in the U.S.); I Got You (I Feel Good (Oct.) (#3 in the U.S.); marks the beginning of funk. The Beau Brummels, Introducing the Beau Brummels (album) (debut) (Apr.) (#24 in the U.S.); incl. Laugh Laugh (#15 in the U.S.); (Cry) Just a Little, Oh Lonesome Me (by Don Gibson); The Beau Brummels, Volume 2 (album #2) (Aug.); incl. You Tell Me Why (#38 in the U.S.), Don't Talk to Strangers (#52 in the U.S.). the first U.S. band that sounds like the Beatles, pioneering the San Francisco Sound; from San Francisco, Calif., incl. Sal Valentino (1942-) (vocals), Ron Elliott (1943-) (guitar), Ron Meagher (1946-) (bass), John Declan Mulligan (1938-) (guitar), and John Petersen (drums). The Byrds, Mr. Tambourine Man (album) (debut) (June 21); James Roger "Jim" McGuinn (1942-) (12-string Rickenbacker guitar), Gene Clark (1944-91), David Crosby (1941-), Chris Hillman (1944-), and Michael Clarke (Michael James Dick) (1946-93) (drums); incl. Mr. Tambourine Man (by Bob Dylan) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.), I'll Feel a Whole Lot Better; Turn! Turn! Turn! (album #2) (Dec. 6) (#17 in the U.S.) (#11 in the U.K.); incl. Turn! Turn! Turn! (by Pete Seeger) (#1 in the U.S., #26 in the U.K.), He Was a Friend of Mine. Glen Campbell (1936-2017),The Big Bad Rock Guitar of Glen Campbell (album #4) (Sept.). Johnny Cash (1932-2003), Johnny Cash Sings the Ballads of the True West (double album). The Castaways, Liar Liar (#12 in the U.S.); from Minneapolis, Minn., incl. James Donna (keyboards), Dick Roby (guitar), Robert Folschow (guitar, falsetto), Roy Hensley (-2005) (bass), and Dennis Craswell (drums). Chad and Jeremy, Willow Weep for Me; Before and After. Ray Charles (1930-2004), Cry; I Got a Woman Pt. 1; Makin' Whoopee; One More Time. Chubby Checker (1941-), Let's Do the Freddie. Cher (1946-), All I Really Want to Do (album) (debut) (Oct. 16); incl. All I Really Want to Do, I Go to Sleep, Dream Baby. Sonny Bono (1935-98) and Cher (1946-), Look at Us (album) (debut); they meet in a coffee shop in Hollywood; incl. I Got You Babe. Petula Clark (1932-), I Know A Place (#3 in the U.S., #17 in the U.K.); My Love (Is Warmer Than the Sunshine) (Dec.) (#1 in the U.S., #4 in the U.S.); Round Every Corner. Nat King Cole (1919-65), L-O-V-E (last album); incl. L-O-V-E. Judy Collins (1939-), Judy Collins' Fifth Album (album #5) (Nov.); incl. Tomorrow Is a Long Time (by Bob Dylan), Daddy You've Been on My Mind (by Bob Dylan), Mr. Tambourine Man (by Bob Dylan), Early Morning Rain (by Gordon Lightfoot), In the Heat of the Summer (by Phil Ochs). John Cranko (1927-73) and John Addison (1920-98), Cranks (musical revue) (Dec.) (London). The Dixie Cups, Iko Iko (last hit); I"ma Gonna Get You Yet. The Spencer Davis Group, First Album (album) (debut) (July); beat group from Birmingham, England, incl. Spencer David Nelson Davis (1939-) (vocals, guitar), Steve Winwood (1948-) (vocals, guitar), Muff Winwood (1943-) (bass), and Peter York (drums). Jackie DeShannon (1944-), What the World Needs Now Is Love (Apr. 15) (#7 in the U.S.); written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach; originally offered to Dionne Warwick, who changes her mind later; "What the world needs now is love, sweet love/ It's the only thing that there's just too little of." Little Jimmy Dickens (1920-2015), May the Bird of Paradise Fly Up Your Nose (#1 country) (#15 in the U.S.). Hamza El Din (1929-2006), Al Oud (album #2). D-Men, I Just Don't Care. Ken Dodd (1927-), Tears; sells 2M copies, after which he does an interview with the Beatles on the topic of what do you owe your success to. Eric Dolphy (1928-64), Out to Lunch (album #5) (his masterpiece?); incl. Hat and Beard (about Thelonious Monk), Something Sweet, Something Tender (w/Richard Davis), Gazzelloni (named after classical flautist Severino Gazzelloni). Donovan (1946-), What's Bin Did and What's Bin Hid (album) (debut) (May 14); incl. Josie, Catch the Wind; "the British answer to Bob Dylan", discovered by songwriter Geoff Stephens (1934-) and Peter Eden; recorded at Pye Records on Denmark St. in London, where he becomes friends with Brian Jones, whose soon-to-be-ex-babe Linda Lawrence becomes his dream babe, inspiring him to write "Sunshine Superman" and "Legend of a Girl Child Linda"; next year Donovan splits with Pye and signs up with Mickie Most. Sir Douglas Quintet, She's About a Mover (debut); original title "She's A Body Mover"; they pick a name that sounds like a British group, even though they play Tex-Mex and are from San Antonio, Tex. ("I bet they fool Lyndon"), incl. Douglas Wayne "Doug" Sahm (1941-99) (vocals), August "Augie" Meyers (1940-) (Vox Continental organ); they help to popularize Tex-Mex, esp. after they stop dressing like the mophead Beatles and don cowboy hats. Freddie and the Dreamers, Do the Freddie (#18 in the U.S.); a silly dance pioneered by frontman Freddie Garrity, where he throws his arms up and stands on one leg; becomes a minor dance craze. Bob Dylan (1941-), Bringing It All Back Home (Mar. 22) (album #5); incl. Subterranean Homesick Blues, Mr. Tambourine Man, It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Bleeding; Highway 61 Revisited (album #6) (Aug. 30); Bobby Gregg (snare drum), Michael Bernard "Mike" Bloomfield (1943-81) (guitar), Al Kooper (calliopelike organ); incl. Desolation Row (mentioning Cinderella, Romeo, Einstein, Robin Hood, Cain and Abel et al.), Queen Jane Approximately; the leadoff track Like a Rolling Stone breaks new ground in pop songwriting with its 6-min. length, the attempt to be grand and epochal rather than catchy, and its advice to cast off the safety net and become a "complete unknown, like a rolling stone"; its initial double-drum crack is like somebody "kicking open the door to your mind" (Bruce Springsteen). The Easybeats, Sad and Lonely and Blue; from Australia, incl. Stephen Carlton "Stevie" Wright (1948-) (vocals), George Redburn Young (1947-) (guitar), Harry Vanda (1946-) (guitar), Dick Diamonde (Dingeman van der Sluys) (1947-) (bass), Gordon "Snowy" Henry Fleet (drums); become Australia's #1 1960s rock group. Shirley Ellis (1941-), The Clapping Song (#8 in the U.S.). The Enemys, Sinner Man/ Say Goodbye to Donna (debut) (May); Glitter & Gold/ Too Much Monkey Business; Cory Wells (1942-) (vocals), Mike Lustan (guitar), Gene Jacobs, Dave Treiger (drums); become the house band for the Whisky A-Go-Go on Sunset Strip, and star in an episode of "The Beverly Hillbillies" and the film "Riot on Sunset Strip"; Cory Wells later co-founds Three Dog Night. Adam Faith (1940-2003) and The Roulettes, Stop Feeling Sorry for Yourself (#23 in the U.K.); Someone's Taken Maria Away (#34 in the U.K.). Marianne Faithfull (1946-), Come My Way (album); Marianne Faithfull (album) (Apr. 15); incl. As Tears Go By, Come and Stay With Me, This Little Bird, Summer Nights, Yesterday. Georgie Fame (1943-) and the Blue Flames, Yeh Yeh (album #3); incl. Yeh Yeh (#1 in the U.K.), In the Meantime, Like We Used to Be, Something. Mimi Farina (1945-2001) and Richard Farina (1937-66), Celebrations for a Grey Day (album). Dave Clark Five, Over and Over; written by Bobby Day; goes #1 on Christmas, passing the Beatles, becoming their only hit, causing fan mags. to tout them as the U.S. answer to the Beatles, even as they tank and disband in late 1970; earlier their single Glad All Over knocked the Beatles hit "I Want to Hold Your Hand" off the top of the British charts, then went to #6 in the U.S. in 1964, causing them to become the 2nd British Invasion group after the Beatles to appear on the Ed Sullivan Show. We Five, You Were On My Mind (#3 in the U.S.) (Sylvia Tyson); from San Francisco, Calif., incl. Beverly Bivens, Michael Stewart, Jerry Burgan, Peter Fullerton, and Bob Jones. Jean Francaix (1912-97), Double Piano Concerto; La Princesse de Cleve (opera); his biggest hit. Jackson C. Frank (1943-99), Jackson C. Frank (album) (debut); produced by friend Paul Simon at CBS Studios in London; he is so shy he perrforms behind screens; incl. Blues Run the Game, which gets covered by Simon & Garfunkel and many others; too bad, he descends into total schizophrenia and goes down the toilet. The Fugs, The Village Fugs Sing Ballads of Contemporary Protest, Points of Views, and General Dissatisfaction; euphemism for "The Fucks"; founded in 1964; anti-Vietnam War rock band from New York City, incl. poets Ed Sanders (1939-) and Naphtali "Tuli" Kupferberg (1923-2011) (who once jumped off the Manhattan Bridge and survived, ending up in Allen Ginsberg's "Howl"), and Ken Weaver (drums). France Gall (1947-), Sacre Charlemagne; music by George Liferman; sells 2M copies; Poupee de Cire, Poupee de Son; Les Sucettes (The Lollipops); the double meaning of loving oral sex with men causes her career to get hung up?; Attends Ou Va-T'en (Wait for Me, Or Go Away); Nous ne Sommes Pas des Anges (We Are Not Angels); L'Amerique (America). Marvin Gaye (1939-84), How Sweet It Is to Be Loved By You (album #6) (Jan.); incl. How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You), You're a Wonderful One; A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole (album #7) (Nov. 1). The Bee Gees, The Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs (album) debut; from Australia, incl. Barry Gibb (1946-), Robin Gibb (1949-2012), and Maurice Gibb (1949-2003); incl. Wine and Women. Peter and Gordon, I Go to Pieces (album #3); True Love Ways (album #4); incl. True Love Ways (Mar. 23), To Know You Is to Love You (June 11), Baby I'm Yours (Oct. 15), Don't Pity Me (Oct.). Lesley Gore (1946-2015), My Town, My Guy, and Me (album #5) (Sept.). The Groop, I'm Satisfied; from Australia, incl. Richard Wright (drums, vocals), Max Ross (bass), Don Mudie (guitar), Brian Cadd (keyboards, vocals), and Ronnie Charles (vocals). Vince Guaraldi Trio, A Charlie Brown Christmas (album); incl. Linus & Lucy; makes jazz cool for kids? Herbie Hancock (1940-), Maiden Voyage (album #5) (May 17). Cannibal and the Headhunters, Land of One Thousand Dances (#30 in the U.S.) (by Chris Kenner); from East Los Angeles, incl. Frankie "Cannibal" Garcia (-1996), Joe "Yo Yo" Jaramillo (-2000), Robert "Bobby" "Rabbit" Jaramillo, Richard "Scar" Lopez (-2010). Herman's Hermits, Introducing Herman's Hermits (album) (debut); produced by Mickie Most; from Manchester, England, incl. Peter Blair Denis Bernard Noone (1947-) (lead vocals), Keith Hopwood (1946-) (guitar, vocals), Alan Wrigley (bass, vocals), Steve Titterington (drums), Derek "Lek" Leckenby (1943-94) (guitar, vocals), and Jan Barry "Bean" Whitwam (1946-) (drums); incl. Mrs. Brown You've Got a Lovely Daughter (#1 in the U.S.), I'm Henry VIII, I Am (#1 in the U.S.), Wonderful World (#4 in the U.S.,#7 in the U.K.) ("Don't know much about history/ Don't know much about biology/ Don't know much about the French I took./ But I do know that I love you/ And I know that if you loved me too/ What a wonderful world this would be"); Herman's Hermits on Tour (album #2) (May). Ronnie Hilton (1926-2001), A Windmill in Old Amsterdam; "A mouse lived in the windmill in old Amsterdam". The Hollies, I'm Alive (#1 in the U.K.); Yes I Will (#9 in the U.K.); Look Through My Window (#4 in the U.K.). The Honeycombs, Have I the Right. The Impressions, People Get Ready. Horst Jankowski (1936-98), A Walk in the Black Forest (Eine Schwarzwaldfahrt) (#12 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.). Andre Jolivet (1905-74), Concerto for Flute and Percussion. Jack Jones (1938-), The Race is On; A Day in the Life of a Fool; I've Been a Bad Bad Boy. Tom Jones (1940-), Along Came Jones (album) (debut) (#11 in the U.K.); inicl. It's Not Unusual (#54 in the U.S.) (written by Les Reed) (becomes his theme song); It's Not Unusual (album #2); What's New Pussycat (album #3); incl. What's New Pussycat?. The Kinks, Kinda Kinks (album #2) (Mar. 5); incl. Tired of Waiting, Dancing in the Street; Kwyet Kinks (album) (Sept. 17); incl. A Well Respected Man; The Kink Kontroversy (album #3) (Nov. 26); incl. Till the End of the Day, Dedicated Follower of Fashion, Where Have All the Good Times Gone; too bad, they are banned from the U.S. until 1969. Kathy Kirby (1940-), I Belong. The Knickerbockers, Lies (#20 in the U.S.); from Bergenfield, N.J., incl. Buddy Randell (William Crandall) (vocals), Beau Charles (guitar), John Charles (bass), and Jimmy Walker (drums); the first U.S. Beatles clone hit. Vicky Leandros (1949-), Messer, Gabel, Schere, Licht (debut). Brenda Lee (1944-), Jambalaya. Barbara Lewis (1943-), Baby, I'm Yours (June); written by Van McCoy (1940-79); Make Me Your Baby (Sept.). Gary Lewis (1946-) and the Playboys, This Diamond Ring (album) (debut); incl. This Diamond Ring (#1 in the U.S.); drummer-singer Gary Lewis, son of comedian Jerry Lewis becomes the only 1960s artist to have his first seven releases reach the Billboard top-10; too bad, he is drafted into the U.S. Army in Jan. 1967-1968, after which his music career fizzles after 8 gold singles, 17 top 40 hits, 4 gold albums, and 45M records sold; A Session with Gary Lewis and the Playboys (album #2); incl. Count Me In, Save Your Heart for Me; Everybody Loves a Clown (album #3); incl. Everybody Loves a Clown; She's Just My Style (album #4); incl. She's Just My Style. Ramsey Lewis (1935-) Trio, The In Crowd. Trini Lopez (1937-2020), Lemon Tree (#20 in the U.S.). The Lords, Poor Boy; Que Sera; silly-looking mopheads with tuxes and lame dance moves? Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms, Good Good Lovin'. Miriam Makeba (1932-), The Click Song. Manfred Mann, If You Gotta Go, Go Now (Sept. 10) (#2 in the U.K.). Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, The Wailing Wailers (album) (debut). Al Martino (1927-), Spanish Eyes; composed by Bert Kaempfert. Peter, Paul and Mary, A Song Will Rise (album); incl. Motherless Child, San Francisco Bay Blues; See What Tomorrow Brings (album). Curtis Mayfield (1942-99) and the Impressions, People Get Ready. Barry McGuire (1935-), Eve of Destruction (#1 in the U.S.) (#3 in the U.K.); written by P.F. Sloan; used as a rallying cry for supporters of the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (18 year voting age); "You're old enough to kill, but not for votin'/ You don't believe in war, but what's that gun you're totin'/ And even the Jordan River has bodies floatin'.../ Think of all the hate there is in Red China/ Then take a look around to Selma, Alabama/ You may leave here for four days in space/ But when you return, it's the same old place.../ Hate your next-door neighbor, but don't forget to say grace." Heinz Meier and Hans Bradtke, Der Sommerwind; about the African sirocco wind; rewritten in English by Johnny Mercer, and recorded by Frank Sinatra for his album "Strangers in the Night", reaching #25 in the U.S., also by Wayne Newton (#78 in the U.S), becoming Mercery's final U.S. top-40 hit. Olivier Messaien (1908-92), The Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus Christ (1965-9). Jody Miller (1941-), Queen of the House (#12 in the U.S.); her answer to Roger Miller's "King of the Road"; Home of the Brave. Roger Miller (1936-92), King of the Road. Little Milton (1934-2005), We're Gonna Make It. The New Christy Minstrels, The Quiet Sides (album #8); Cowboys and Indians (album #9); Chim-Chim-Cheree (album #10); Wandering Minstrels (album #11). The Miracles, Greatest Hits from the Beginning (album #8) (double album) (Mar.); last before changing to Smokey Robinson & the Miracles. Chris Montez (1943-), Call Me (Nov.) (#22 in the U.S.). Wes Montgomery (1925-68), Bumpin' (album); incl. Bumpin, Nica's Dream. Van Morrison (1945-), Brown Eyed Girl (solo debut) (June 1); backed by The Sweet Inspirations, fronted by Emily "Cissy" Drinkard Houston (1933-), mother of Whitney Houston and aunt of Dionne Warwick, which also sings backup for Jimi Hendrix, and Elvis Presley. Question Mark and the Mysterians, 96 Tears (album); incl. 96 Tears (#1 in the U.S.) (1M copies); from Bay City, Mich.; first mainstream Latino rock group U.S. pop hit; Rudy Martinez (singer), Frank Rodriguez (Vox organ), Bobby Balderrama (guitar), Frank Lugo (bass), and Eddie Serrato (drums); named after the 1957 Japanese sci-fi film "The Mysterians"; lead singer Rudy Martinez only appears in public with sunglasses, and claims to be a Martian. Jane Morgan (1924-), Side By Side. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Ricorda Cosi Ti Hanno Fatto in Auschwitz; condemns Nazi war criminals. Phil Ochs (1940-76), I Ain't Marching Anymore (album #2); incl. I Ain't Marching Anymore ("It's always the old who lead us to the war/ It's always the young who fall/ But look at all we've won with a saber and a gun/ Tell me is it worth it all?/ I ain't marching any more, no I ain't marching anymore"), Draft Dodger Rag ("Oh I'm just a typical American boy from a typical American town/ I believe in God and Senator Dodd and akeepin' old Castro down,/ And when it came my time to serve I knew, better red than dead,/ But when I got to my old draft board, buddy, this is what I said,/ Sarge, I'm only eighteen, I got a ruptured spleen,/ And I always carry a purse/ I got eyes like a bat, and my feet are flat, and my asthma's getting worse"), That Was the President (tribute to JFK) ("The bullets of the false revenge have struck us once again/ As the angry seas have struck upon the sand,/ And it seemed as though a friendless world had lost itself a friend/ That was the president and that was the man"), Talking Birmingham Jam ("You see, Alabama is a sovereign state/ With sovereign dogs and sovereign hate/ They stand for the Bible, for the Constitution/ They stand against the Communist revolution/ They say, It's pinkos like you that freed the slaves"), Links on the Chain ("Come you ranks of labor, come you union core/ And see if you remember the struggles of before,/ When you were standing helpless on the outside of the door/ And you started building links on the chain/ On the chain, you started building links on the chain"). Odetta (1930-2008), Odetta Sings Dylan; "The first thing that turned me on to folk singing was Odetta" (Bob Dylan). Roy Orbison (1936-88), Goodnight/ Only With You (Feb.); (Say) You're My Girl/ Sleepy Hollow (July); Ride Away/ Wondering (Aug.); Crawling Back/ If You Can't Say Something Nice (Oct.). Patti Page (1927-), Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte; title song from the 1964 Bette Davis film, originally sung by Al Martino. The Mamas and the Papas, Go Where You Wanna Go (debut) (Nov.); fails to chart; California Dreamin' (Dec.) (#4 in the U.S., #23 in the U.K.). Jan Peerce (1904-84), Pop Goes Peerce (album); incl. Because You're Mine, With These Hands, Deep Are the Roots (of Love). Wilson Pickett (1941-2006), In the Midnight Hour (#21 in the U.S.) (1M copies). The Poets, Now We're Thru; That's the way It's Got to Be; from Glasgow, Scotland. Elvis Presley (1935-77), Do the Clam/ You'll Be Gone (Mar.); Girl Happy (album) (Apr.); incl. Girl Happy, Crying in the Chapel/ I Believe in the Man in the Sky (Apr.); Easy Question/ It Feels So Right (May); Tickle Me (album) (July); Elvis for Everyone (album) (July); I'm Yours/ Long Lonely Highway (Aug.); Puppet On A String/ Wooden Heart (Oct.); Harum Scarum (album) (Oct.); Blue Christmas/ Santa Claus is Back in Town (Nov.). Billy Preston (1946-2006), The Most Exciting Organ Ever (album) (debut) (Aug. 20); incl. If I Had a Hammer; Early Hits of '65 (Dec. 15). P.J. Proby (1938-), Mission Bell; big hit in Australia. Tito Puente (1923-2000), El Cumbanchero; composed by Rafael Hernandez; "O cumba, cumba, cumba, cumbanchero, sul bongo, bongo, bongo tieni duro. Col tuo ritmo piu' sicuro fai ballare i tuoi boleri in grande stil, Cumbanchero do Brasil". Sun Ra (1914-93), Angels and Demons at Play (album #11); which incl. Angels and Demons at Play. The (Young) Rascals, I Ain't Gonna Eat Out My Heart Anymore (debut); from Garfield, N.J., incl. Edward "Eddie" Brigati Jr. 1945-) (vocals), Felix Cavaliere (1944-) (keyboard), Gene Cornish (1944-) (guitar) (all three formerly of Joey Dee and the Starliters), and Dino Danelli (1944-) (drums); change their name back to The Rascals in 1966 after solving legal problems with Johnny Puleo's Harmonica Rascals. Otis Redding (1941-67), The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads (album #2) (Mar.) (#75 in the U.S., #30 in the U.K.); incl. For Your Precious Love (by Jerry Butler); Otis Blue: Otis Redding Sings Soul (album #3) (Sept. 15) (#75 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); incl. Ole Man Trouble, My Girl (by Smokey Robinson and Ronald White), I've Been Loving You Too Long, Respect. Jim Reeves (1923-64), This Is It (posth.) (#1 country) (#88 in the U.S.), Is It Really Over? (#1 country) (#79 in the U.S.). Martha Reeves (1941-) and the Vandellas, Nowhere to Run (Feb. 10) (#8 in the U.S.); You've Been in Love Too Long; Love (Makes Me Do Foolish Things). Steve Reich (1936-), It's Gonna Rain; black Pentecostal street preacher Brother Walter revisited? Ray Repp, Mass for Young Americans (album); post-Vatican II Catholic composer launches contemporary Christian music for the Latin-free crowd. Paul Revere and The Raiders, Just Like Us! (album). Creedence Clearwater Revival, Brown-Eyed Girl; originally the Golliwogs. Cliff Richard (1940-) and The Shadows, Lucky Lips; The Minute You're Gone; Wind Me Up. The Righteous Brothers, Unchained Melody (#4 in the U.S., #14 in the U.K.); (You're My) Soul and Inspiration (#1 in the U.S., #15 in the U.K.); Ebb Tide (#5 in the U.S., #48 in the U.K.). Johnny Rivers (1942-), Meanwhile Back at the Whisky a Go Go (album #4) (#21 in the U.S.); incl. Seventh Son (#7 in the U.S.). Marty Robbins (1925-82), Ribbon of Darkness (#1 country) (#103 in the U.S.). Smokey Robinson (1940-) and the Miracles, Going To A Go-Go (album #9) (Nov.) (#8 in the U.S.) (only top-10 album); first to bill Smokey Robinson; incl. The Tracks of My Tears, Ooo Baby Baby, Going to a Go-Go, My Girl Has Gone. Julie Rogers (1943-), The Wedding; Like a Child; Hawaiian Wedding Song. Normie Rowe (1947-), Que Sera Sera; best-selling single in Australia in the 1960s (100K); too bad, he is drafted in 1967 and ends in Vietnam, ending his pop career. Billy Joe Royal (1942-), Down in the Boondocks (#96 in the U.S.); incl. Down in the Boondocks (#9 in the U.S.), I Knew You When (#14 in the U.S.) (both written by Joe South), I've Got to Be Somebody (#38 in the U.S.). Paul Ryan (1948-) and Barry Ryan (1948-), Don't Bring Me Your Heartaches (debut). Bobby Rydell (1942-), Diana; his last single; makes it to #98, giving him 18 charted hits, incl. 6 in the top 10 and 12 in the top 20 - as he rides to Hell? Mitch Ryder (1945-) and the Detroit Wheels, Come See About Me (debut); Jenny Take a Ride. Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Pharaoh's First (album) (debut); sideman of John Coltrane goes solo. Boz Scaggs (1944-), Boz (album) (debut) (Sept. 30). The Searchers, Bumble Bee; Goodbye Mr. Love (#52 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); He's Got No Love (#79 in the U.S., #12 in the U.K.); When I Get Home (#35 in the U.K.); Take Me for What I'm Worth (#76 in the U.S., #20 in the U.K.). Sir Harry Secombe (1921-2001), If I Ruled the World; from the musical "Pickwick"; This Is My Song; How Great Thou Art; The Holy City. The Downliners Sect, Wreck of the Old '97; I Got Mine (June); Bad Storm Coming (Oct.); The Country Sect (album #2). The Seekers, I'll Never Find Another You; A World Of Our Own; The Carnival is Over. Peter Sellers (1925-80), A Hard Days Night. The Serendipity Singers, The Many Sides of the Serendipity Singers (album #2) (June) (#68 in the U.S.). Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Piano Sonata No. 3. Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs, Ju Ju Hand; Ring Dang Doo; Wooly Bully (Sam's cat); Domingo "Sam the Sham" Samudio. The Shangri-Las, Myrmidons of Melodrama (album); Give Him a Great Big Kiss, Twist and Shout (with Dobie Gray); The Boy; Heaven Only Knows; Out in the Streets ("He used to act bad, he used to, but he quit it, it makes me so sad, cause I know that he did it for me"; Bull Dog. Sandie Shaw (1947-), I'll Stop at Nothing; Long Live Love; Message Understood; How Can You Tell. Allan Sherman (1924-73), My Name is Allan (album). Dinah Shore (1916-94), Lower Basin Street Revisited (album). Frank Sinatra (1915-98), September of My Years (album); arranged by Gordon Jenkins (1910-84); incl. It Was a Very Good Year (by Ervin Drake). Patrick Sky (1943-), Patrick Sky (album) (debut); incl. Rattlesnake Mountain, The Battle of Ira Hayes (by Peter LaFarge). The Sonics, Here Are the Sonics (album) (debut); incl. Strychnine, The Witch, Psycho, Boss Hoss. The Lovin' Spoonful, Do You Believe in Magic (Aug.) (#9 in the U.S.); John Benson Sebastian Jr. (1944-) (vocals); group is named after a song by Mississippi John Hurt, and sounds like a combo of him and Chuck Berry. The Canadian Squires, Uh-Uh-Uh/ Leave Me Alone. The Rolling Stones, The Rolling Stones No. 2 (album #3) (Jan. 15); incl. Susie Q, Time is On My Side; The Rolling Stones, Now! (album #4) (Feb. 12); incl. Little Red Rooster, Mona (I Need You Baby); Bye Bye Johnnie; Money; You Better Move On; Poison Ivy; I Wanna Be Your Man; Tell Me (You're Coming Back); The Under Assistant West Coast Promotion Man (June) (dedicated to George Sherlock); Out of Our Heads (album #5) (Sept. 24) (first #1 U.S. album); incl. (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction (June) (first U.S. #1 hit), Heart of Stone, I'm Free; The Last Time; Play with Fire. The Serendipity Singers, Take Off Your Shoes with the Serendipity Singers (album #3) (Jan.) (#149 in the U.S.). The Strangeloves, I Want Candy (#11 in the U.S.), followed by Cara-Lin (#30), and Night Time (#30); from New York, but pretend to be from Australia. Barbra Streisand (1942-), My Name is Barbra (album) (debut). The Supremes, Stop! In the Name of Love; Back in My Arms Again; Nothing But Heartaches; I Hear a Symphony, My World is Empty Without You. The T-Bones, No Matter What Shape. Nashville Teens, Find My Way Back Home (Feb.); This Little Bird (May). Temptations, My Girl; originally the Elgins, from Detroit, Mich. incl. Otis Williams (1941-), Elbridge "Al" Bryant (1939-75), Melvin Franklin (1942-95), Eddie Kendricks (1939-92), Paul Williams (1939-73). The Them, Here Comes the Night/ All for Myself; The Angry Young Them (album) (Dec.). The Pretty Things, The Pretty Things (album) (debut) (Mar.); incl. Pretty Thing (by Willie Dixon), Road Runner, She's Fine, She's Mine, Rosalyn; Get the Picture (album #2) (Dec.); incl. Buzz the Jerk, Get the Picture. Mel Tillis (1932-), Wine (#15 country). Changin' Times, Pied Piper. Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), The Knot Garden (opera) (1965-70). The Four Tops, The Four Tops' Second Album (album); incl. I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch); It's the Same Old Song; Something About You. Unit 4 + 2, Concrete and Clay (debut) (#1 in the U.K.); too bad, a competing version by Eddie Rambeau hits #35 in the U.S., compared to #28 for them; You've Never Been in Love Like This Before. The Tornados, Granada; Early Bird; Stingray. The Turtles, It Ain't Me Babe (album) (debut) (Oct.); incl. It Ain't Me Babe, Eve of Destruction; formed in Westchester, Calif., incl. Howard Kaylan (Kaplan) (1947-), Mark "the Phlorescent Leech" "Flo" Volman (1947-), Al Nichol, Chuck Portz (bass), Don Murray (1945-96) (drums); formerly Don Murray and the Crossfires, then the Tyrtles with Flo & Eddie. Frankie Valli (1934-), The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine (Anymore). Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, Bye, Bye, Baby; Girl Come Running; Let's Hang On! (#3 in the U.S.); Don't Think Twice, It's Alright. Various Artists, Newport Folk Festival 1965 (album). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), The Happy Train; Wait. The Ventures, Play Guitar with the Ventures (4 vols.) (album); The Ventures A Go-Go (album) (Sept.); The Ventures Christmas Album (album) (Nov.). Bobby Vinton (1935-), Long Lonely Nights; L-O-N-E-L-Y; Theme from Harlow (Lonely Girl); What Color (Is a Man); written by Marge Barton; "If you color him blue, son, he may not be a happy man. If you color him red, son, someone may steal his land. If you color him green or yellow, he may be jealous and cowardly. If you color him black, son, he may never be free. Then he told his son, put your crayons away. Try your best to understand. Man is never made of any color, and color never made any man." The Vogues, Meet the Vogues (album) (debut); originally the Val-Airs; from Turtle Creek, Penn., incl. Bill Burkette (lead baritone), Don Miller (baritone), Hugh Geyer (first tenor), Chuck Blasko (tenor); incl. You're the One (#4 in the U.S.). The Walker Brothers, Make It Easy on Yourself; Scott Engel, John Maus, Gary Leeds. Junior (Jr.) Walker (1931-95) and the All Stars, Shotgun (debut) (#4 in the U.S.); Do the Boomerang (July 3); Shake and Fingerpop; Cleo's Back; Junior Walker (1931-) (sax, vocals), Tony Washington (drums), Willie Woods (guitar), and Vic Thomas (keyboards). Dionne Warwick (1940-), Are You There (With Another Girl) (#39 in the U.S.). Don't Say I Didn't Tell You So; If I Ever Make You Cry; What the World Needs Now Is Love (by Hal David and Burt Bacharach). Dale Wasserman (1917-), Mitch Leigh (1928-), and Joe Darion (1917-), Man of La Mancha (musical) (Nov. 22) (Washington Square Theatre, New York) (Martin Beck Theatre, New York) (Mar. 20, 1968) (Eden Theatre, New York) (Mar. 3, 1971) (Mark Hellinger Theatre, New York) (May 26, 1971) (2,328 perf.); inspired by Miguel de Cervantes' 1605/1615 novel "Don Quixote", set in a prison where Cervantes is being held by the Inquisition; stars Richard Kiley as Don Quixote, Irving Jacobson as Sancho Panza, Ray Middleton as the Innkeeper, Robert Rounseville as The Padre, and Joan Diener as Aldonza; features the songs The Impossible Dream (The Quest), sung by Richard Kiley, and later by Elvis Presley (1971), Jack Jones (1966), Tom Jones, Andy Williams, Matt Monro, USMC Pfc Gomer Pyle (Jim Nabors) et al.; "To dream the impossible dream/ To fight the unbeatable foe/ To bear with unbearable sorrow/ And to run where/ The brave dare not go... This is my quest, to follow that star/ No matter how hopeless,/ No matter how far,/ To fight for the right/ Without question or pause/ To be willing to march,/ March into hell/ For that heavenly cause." Franz Waxman (1906-67), Song of Terezin; lyrics by children of the Terezin death camp in Poland. Mary Wells (1943-92), Use Your Head; Never, Never Leave Me. Dottie West (1932-91), Here Comes My Baby Back Again (debut). The Guess Who, Shakin' All Over; the group's name is a ploy to make buyers think they're really the Beatles and not the 1960 loser group Chad Allan and the Reflections, er, Expressions from Winnipeg?; Chad Allan (1943-), Randy Bachman (1943-), Burton Cummings (1947-) (lead singer), Jim Kale (1943-) (bass); Allan leaves and Cummings becomes lead singer, after which the group takes off. The Who, I Can't Explain (debut); "It seems to be about the frustrations of a young person who is so incoherent and uneducated that he can't state his case to the bourgeois intellectual blah blah blah. Or, of course, it might be about drugs" (Townshend); Anyway Anyhow Anywhere (Ready Steady Go); first rock guitar solo with feedback; My Generation (album) (debut) (Dec. 3); Roger Harry Daltrey (1944-) (vocals), Peter Dennis Blandford "Pete" Townshend (1945-) (guitar), John Alec Entwistle (1944-2002) (bass), Keith John Moon (1946-78) (drums); incl. My Generation, The Kids Are Alright (channeling the Beatles?). Andy Williams (1927-), Andy Williams' Dear Heart (Andy Williams' Almost There) (album) (#4 in the U.S.). Malcolm Williamson (1931-2003), Julius Caesar Jones (children's opera) (London). Brian Wilson (1942-), Surf's Up. Stevie Wonder (1950-), Uptight (Everything's Alright). Glenn Yarbrough (1930-), Baby, the Rain Must Fall (#12 in the U.S.); from the film of the same name. The Yardbirds, I Wish You Would (debut); from England, incl. Eric Patrick Clapton (1945-), Geoffrey Arnold "Jeff" Beck (1944-), James Patrick "Jimmy" Page (1944-), Keith William Relf (1943-76) (vocals/harmonica), James Stanley "Jim" McCarty (1943-) (drums), Chris Dreja (1945-) (guitar), and Paul Samwell-Smith (1943-) (bass); For Your Love (album) (debut) (June) (#96 in the U.S.); incl. For Your Love (Apr.) (#6 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); Having a Rave Up (album #2) (Nov.) (#53 in the U.S.); incl. Heart Full of Soul (June), Evil Hearted You (Sept.), I'm a Man (Oct.). The Zombies, Begin Here (album) (debut); Tell Her No (#6 in the U.S.). Movies: 1965 - The Year of Julie Christie? Sir Carol Reed's The Agony and the Ecstasy (Oct. 7), based on the 1961 Irving Stone novel stars Charlton Heston as Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Rex Harrison as Pope Julius II (1487-1555), who makes him paint the Sistine Chapel. Ken Annakin's Battle of the Bulge (Dec. 16) (Warner Bros.) stars Henry Fonda as Lt. Col. Daniel Kiley, Robert Shaw as Panzer Col. Martin Hessler (based on SS Col. Jochen Peiper), Robert Ryan as Gen. Grey, Dana Andrews as Col. Pritchard, George Montgomery as Sgt. Duquesne, and Ty Hardin as Nazi fake U.S. Lt. Schumacher in a depiction of the Dec. 26, 1944 Battle of Celles; too bad, it has so many historical innacuracies despite the technical adviser being Battle of the Bulge veteran cmdr. German Col. Meinrad von Lauchert (incl. using U.S. M47 Patton tanks as German King Tiger tanks) that former Pres. Eisenhower comes out of retirement to slam it in a press conference, causing it to flop; does $4.5M box office on a $6.5M budget. John Rich's Boeing Boeing (Dec. 22) stars Jerry Lewis in his last Paramount Pictures film (first in 1949) as Am. journalist Robert Reed, the rival of as Am. journalist Bernard Lawrence (Tony Curtis), who juggles three girlfriends at the same time via air travel, incl. Air France (Dany Saval), British United Airways (Suzanna Leigh), and Lufthansa (Christiane Schmidtmer). Otto Preminger's Bunny Lake is Missing (Oct. 3), based on the 1967 Merriam Modell novel stars Carol Lynley as Ann Lake, who reports that her young daughter Bunny is missing, after which the police can find no evidence she existed, causing her to be accused of mental illness by them and her brother Stephen Lake (Keir Dullea); theaters carry a poster "No one admitted while the clock is ticking." Elliot Silverstein's Cat Ballou (May 7) (Columbia Pictures) stars Lee Marvin (after Kirk Douglas turns it down) as gunfighter twins Kid Shelleen and Tim Strawn, Jane Fonda (after Ann-Margret's mgr. turns it down without her knowledge) as Catherine "Cat" Ballou, John Marley as her father Frankie Ballou, Michael Callan as cattle rustler Clay Boone, Dwayne Hickman as his uncle Jed, Nat King Cole (who dies of lung cancer 4 mo. before release) as Shouter, and Bruce Cabot as Sheriff Maledon; former vaudeville blackface Sheriff Cardigan actor Jay C. Flippen has a leg amputated after being scraped by a car door, complicated by diabetes; does $20.7M box office on a ? office. John Boorman's Catch Us If You Can (Having a Wild Weekend) (Apr.), written by Peter Nichols (1927-) is a me-too movie for the Dave Clark Five; the debut of English dir. John Boorman (1933-). Norman Jewison's The Cincinnati Kid (Oct. 15) stars Steve McQueen as a high stakes poker player taking on Lancey Howard (Edward G. Robinson), with Ann-Margret as the lap warmer. Orson Welles' Chimes at Midnight (Dec. 22), based on Shakespeare's character Sir John Falstaff stars Welles as Falstaff, Keith Baxter as Prince Hal/Henry V, John Gielgud as Henry IV, Jeanne Moreau as Doll Tearsheet, and Margaret Rutherford as Mistress Quickly; Ralph Richardson is the narrator; the depiction of the 1403 Battle of Shrewbury later inspires "Braveheart" (1995); "If I wanted to get into heaven on the basis of one movie, that's the one I'd offer up" (Welles). John Schlesinger's B&W Darling (July 15) (Anglo-Amalgamated) stars Julie Francis Christie (1940-) (after Shirley MacLaine declines) as beautiful bored amoral married model ("swinging 60s British bird") Diana Scott, who leaves hubby Tony Bridges (Trevor Bowen) for dir. Robert Gold (Dirk Bogarde), ad exec Miles Brand (Laurence Harvey), gay photographer Malcolm (Roland Curram), and Italian Prince Cesare (Jose Luis de Vilallonga); becomes an internat. hit, and Christie wins a best actress Oscar, causing Life mag. to label 1965 "The Year of Julie Christie"; does $4M box office on a $1.1M budget. Luis Bunuel's Diary of a Chambermaid (Le Journal d'une Femme de Chambre) (Mar. 9) stars Jeanne Moreau in a great remake of the 1946 Jean Renoir film about 1930s chambermaid Celestine (Jeanne Moreau), who discovers her ability to influence her masters' lives. Nagisa Oshima's Diary of Yunbogi is about street children in Seoul. David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (Dec. 22) (MGM), based on the 1957 Boris Pasternak novel stars Omar Sharif as Russian physician-poet-intellectual Yuri Andreyevich Zhivago, caught up in the Bolshevik Rev. with lover Lara Antipova (Julie Christie), making the song Lara's Theme (Somewhere My Love) by Maurice-Alexis Jarre (1924-2009) a hit; Alec Guinness plays Sharif's mysterious brother Lt. Gen. Yevgraf Andreyevich Zhivago; does $111.7M box office on an $11M budget. Russ Meyer's Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill! (Aug. 6) is about three big-breasted strippers who waylay a young couple in the desert, then scheme to steal money from an old man by seducing his two sons, only to discover that the old fart is no babe in the woods; another low-budget hit from "King of the Nudies" producer-dir. Russell Albion "Russ" Meyer (1922-2004). Robert Aldrich's The Flight of the Phoenix (Dec. 15), based on the Elleston Trevor novel stars James Stewart, Richard Attenborough, Peter Finch et al. about a group of men stranded in the Arabian desert after a plane crash attempting to rebuild it to escape; famed stunt pilot Albert Paul Mantz (b. 1903), who flew in the 1927 film "Wings" and is known as the Honeymoon Pilot for flying Hollywood couples (Artie Shaw and Lana Turner, et al.) from L.A. to Las Vegas or Reno to get married crashes and dies in the "Phoenix" while making the movie. Sergio Leone's For a Few Dollars More (Dec. 20) (United Artists) ("Per qualche dollaro in piu") #2 in the Dollars Trilogy stars Clint Eastwood ("the Man with No Name"), Lee Van Cleef ("the Man in Black), Gian Maria Volonte ("El Indio") (known for smoking weed and playing his musical pocketwatch when he wants to kill somebody), and Klaus Kinski; does $15M on a $600K budget; "Where life had no value, death, sometimes, had its price. That is why the bounty killers appeared". Robert Gaffney's Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster (Sept. 22) (B&W) stars Robert Reilly as Col. Frank Saunders slash Frankenstein, who battles the alien monster Mull along with Martian Princess Marcuzan (Marilyn Hanold) and her asst. Dr. Nadir (Lou Cutell), who abduct bikini-clad Earth women to repopulate Mars; becomes a cult film. Lionel Rogosin's Good Times, Wonderful Times, inspired by "Hiroshima Mon Amour" about the horrors of war intercut with a posh London party becomes a hit with college students just as the Vietnam War goes into full swing. Blake Edwards' The Great Race (July 1) stars Jack Lemmon driving the car "Hannibal Twin 8" against others driven by Tony Curtis, Peter Falk and Natalie Wood in a New York-to-Paris auto race in 1908, which features a confrontation with a polar bear. George Stevens' The Greatest Story Ever Told (Apr. 9) (United Artists), based on the 1949 Fulton Oursler novel uses an all-star cast to portray the Gospel story, with Max von Sydow playing a Viking Jesus, and Charlton Heston playing John the Baptist as if he were Moses?; Dorothy McGuire plays Virgin Mary, Claude Rains (final film role) plays King Herod, Telly Savalas plays Pontius Pilate, Martin Landau plays Caiaphas, David McCallum plays Judas Iscariot, Roddy McDowall plays Matthew, Joanna Dunham plays Mary Magdalene, Joseph Schildkraut plays Nicodemus, and Donald Pleasence plays Satan (Dark Hermit); 550 Navajos hired as Roman legionnaires go home for a tribal election, causing ROTC cadets to replace them; does $15.5M box office on a $20M budget; Richard Lester's Help! (July 29) (United Artists) (original title "Eight Arms to Hold You") is the Beatles' 2nd film, about an Arab cult chasing the Fab Four in order to acquire Ringo's ruby ring; the Beatles ride skibobs to the song "Ticket to Ride"; the closing credits thank the inventor of the sewing machine; Elizabeth II attends the debut; the film score was composed by the Beatles along with English film composer Kenneth "Ken" Thorne (1924-); does $12M box office. William Asher's How to Stuff a Wild Bikini (July 14), the latest entry in the wildly popular Beach Party franchise of Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello stuffs more dough into their already bulging bank accounts. Hugo Grimaldi's The Human Duplicators (Mar. 3) stars Richard Kiel as giant alien Dr. Kolos, who arrives on Earth and hypnotizes Prof. Vaughn Dornheimer (George Macready) to create android doppelgangers, but falls in love with his beautiful blind niece Lisa (Dolores Faith). Otto Preminger's In Harm's Way (Apr. 6), based on the 1962 novel by James Bassett and distributed by Paramount Pictures stars John Wayne, Kirk Douglas, Patricia Neal, Tom Tryon, Paula Prentiss et al. in an epic flick about U.S. naval officers in Hawaii before Parl Harbor. Robert Mulligan's Inside Daisy Clover (Dec.), based on the 1963 Gavin Lambert novel stars Natalie Wood as teenie tomboy Daisy Clover, who lives in a trailer on a Calif. beach with her eccentric mother Ruth Gordon, becomes a singing star, marries closet gay Wade Lewis (Robert Redford) (a h.s. classmate), and has a mental breakdown; after trying to gas herself in the oven in vain, she walks out of the house as it explodes, telling a passerby "Somebody declared war"; a flop, it later becomes a cult film; Jackie Ward dubs Wood's singing voice. Sidney J. Furie's The Ipcress File (Mar. 18) (Lowndes Productions), based on the 1962 hit Len Deighton novel stars Michael Caine as ex-sgt. Harry Palmer, whose boss Maj. Dalby (Nigel Green) sends him on a mission to investigate the brainwashing of scientists, later figuring out that he was selected because he has a criminal past and is expendable; the first film from Lowndes Productions, founded in 1958 by Harry Saltzman, followed by "Funeral in Berlin" (1966) and "Billion Dollar Brain" (1967); it dissolves in 1992. J. Lee Thompson's John Goldfarb, Please Come Home (Mar. 24), based on the 1963 William Peter Blatty novel stars Shirley MacLaine as mag. reporter Jenny Ericson, Peter Ustinov as Arab king Fawz, and Richard Crenna as John "Wrong-Way" Goldfarb, whose U-2 is shot down and is forced to coach a football team to play Notre Dame; too bad, bad sport Notre Dame sues them, holding them back for 3 mo., after which it flops, almost driving 20th Cent. Fox into bankruptcy. Federico Fellini's Juliet of the Spirits (Oct. 22), his first full-length color film is a surrealist flick about betrayed Italian housewife Giulietta (Fellini's wife Giulietta Masina), who explores her odd sexy neighbor Suzy (Sandra Milo). Bryan Forbes' King Rat (Oct. 27), based on the 1962 James Clavell novel stars George Segal as U.S. Cpl. King, and James Fox as fellow Changi Prison POW RAF Flight Lt. Peter Marlowe. Richard Lester's B&W The Knack... and How to Get It (June 3) (Woodfall Film Productions) (United Artists), based on the Ann Jelicoe play is a comedy about roommates Tolen (Ray Brooks), Colin (Michael Crawford), and Tom (Donal Donnelly), who vie for the sexual favors of out-of-town visitor Nancy (Rita Tushingham); made by Lester between A Hard Day's Night and Help!, causing him to add oddball editing sequences and a Greek chorus of "the older generation"; film debuts of Jane Birkin, Jacqueline Bisset, Alan Haven, and Charlotte Rampling, along with "Top of the Pops" girl Samantha Juste; does $2.5M box office on a $364K budget. Tony Richardson's B&W The Loved One (Oct. 11) (MGM), a satire of the U.S. funeral parlor biz based on the 1948 Evelyn Waugh novel stars Robert Morse as young aspiring British poet David Barlow (Robert Morse), who goes to work at the kooky Whispering Glades Cemetery in Hollywood with Rev. Wilbur Glenworthy (Jonathan Winters), his uncle Sir Francis Hinsley (John Gielgud), embalmer Mr. Joyboy (Rod Steiger), and coffin salesman Mr. Starker (Liberace); also features James Coburn, Milton Berle, Robert Morley, John Gielgud (1904-2000), Roddy McDowall, and Tab Hunter; "The motion picture with something to offend everyone." Satyajit Ray's Mahapurush stars Prasad Mukherjee as emotionally vulnerable Gurupada Mittner, who is taken in by a fake holy man, causing him friends to try to rescue him. Sam Peckinpah's Major Dundee (Mar. 16) stars Charlton Heston as Union cavalry officer Amos Dundee, who leads a ragtag group into Mexico after Apaches. Bill Rebane's Monster a Go-Go (July) is about Am. astronaut Frank Douglas, who mysteriously disappears as his spacecraft is parachuting to Earth, and is replaced by a large radioactive Frankenstein-like monster, who is chased in vain; at the end a telegram is received stating that Douglas is alive and well after being rescued in the North Atlantic, and that they have been chasing an ET, ending with: "As if a switch had been turned, as if an eye had been blinked, as if some phantom force in the Universe had made a move eons beyond our comprehension, suddenly, there was no trail. There was no giant, no monster, no thing called Douglas to be followed. There was nothing in the tunnel but the puzzled men of courage, who suddenly found themselves alone with shadows and darkness. With the telegram, one cloud lifts, and another descends", causing the line "But there was no monster" to become a sci-fi fan in-joke. Stuart Burge's Othello (Dec. 15) (Eagle-Lion Films) (Warner Bros.), based on the Shakespeare play, staged by John Dexter stars Laurence Olivier (in blackface) as Othello, Maggie Smith as Desdemona, Frank Finlay as Iago, Joyce Redman as Emilia (who all receive Oscar nominations), Derek Jacobi (film debut) as Cassio, and Michael Gambon (film debut) as Senators-soldiers-Cypriots. Norman Maurer's The Outlaws Is Coming (Jan. 1) is the last Three Stooges film, with Larry, Moe, and Curly Joe DeRita. Guy Green's A Patch of Blue stars black actor Sidney Poitier as Gordon, who courts and kisses blind white Selina (newcomer Elizabeth Hartman) (ho of her pimp ho mom Shelley Winters, who can't see what color she's kissing, proving that racism is you know what?). Sidney Lumet's The Pawnbroker (Apr. 20) (Am. Internat. Pictures), based on the 1961 Edward Lewis Wallant novel stars Rod Steiger as Jewish you know what Sol Nazerman losing his faith in man after the Holocaust; features a black woman exposing her breasts, challenging the 1934 Production Code. Roman Polanski's B&W Repulsion (Oct. 3) (Compton Films) (Royal Films Internat.) is a horror film starring Catherine Deneuve as Belgian manicurist Carole Ledoux, who is left alone at her vacationing sister's apt. in Kensington, London, and is obsessed with fantasies of being seduced and/or raped, murdering any man who tries it; #1 in Polanski's Apartment Trilogy, incl. "Rosemary's Baby" (1968) and "The Tenant" (1976); Luchino Visconti's Sandra of a Thousand Delights stars Claudia Cardinale as a French babe giving her brother an excuse for a cool title? Vincente Minnelli's The Sandpiper (June 23) (MGM) stars Elizabeth Taylor as Laura Reynolds, an unwed mother in Big Sur, Calif., who seduces Episcopalian priest Dr. Edward Hewitt (Richard Burton); a promo documentary The Big Sur is also released. John Sturges' The Satan Bug (Apr. 14) (United Artists), based on the 1962 Alistair MacLean novel about germ warfare stars George Maharis, Richard Basehart, and Anne Francis; does $6M box office on a $1.8M budget. Stanley Kramer's Ship of Fools (Oct.), based on the Katherine Ann Porter novel about a Mexican ship sailing to pre-Hitler Germany, narrated by dwarf Carl Glocken (Michael Dunn) is the last film role of "Scarlett O'Hara" Vivien Leigh (d. 1967), who plays Mary Treadwell; Simone Signoret plays La Contessa. Jan Kadar's and Elmar Klos' The Shop on Main Street, funded by the Czech govt. is about the Nazi Aryanization program in Slovakia, becoming one of the most gut-wrenching portrayals of Nazi cruelty yet filmed, starring Danny Kaye's Polish-born cousin Ida Kaminska (1899-1980) as Jewish widow Rozalia Lautmannova; it wins the 1965 Oscar for best foreign language film; Kaminska is nominated for a best actress Oscar. Six in Paris is a combo of six short films by six French New Wave dirs, incl. Jean Luc Godard and Jean Douchet. Robert Wise's The Sound of Music (Mar. 2) (Rivoli Theater, New York), starring Julie Andrews as Maria, and Christopher Plummer as Capt. Georg von Trapp in a jazzed-up Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical version of the story of the Trapp Family Singers, becoming a giant hit and making Andrews an instant superstar; "The happiest sound in all the world"; Gil Stuart plays Nazi sympathizer Franz the Butler; incl. the songs The Sound of Music, Edelweiss, My Favorite Things, Climb Ev'ry Mountain, Do-Re-Mi; too bad, Julie Andrews is passed over for the best actress Oscar in favor of Julie Christie. Martin Ritt's The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (Dec. 16) (Salem Films) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1963 John le Carre novel stars Richard Burton as West Berlin British agent Alec Leamas, who goes on one last mission before you know what from the Cold War; features Claire Bloom as his Communist girlfriend Nan Perry, and Oskar Werner as his interrogator Fiedler; does $7.6M box office; "Brace yourself for greatness". Robert Stevenson's That Darn Cat (Dec. 20), a Walt Disney movie written by Mildred and Gordon Gordon about Siamese cat secret agent "D.C." stars Hayley Mills and Dean Jones, and pisses-off J. Edgar Hoover for apparently lampooning his precious FBI, later embarrassing him for writing a memorandum ordering it investigated. Terence Young's Thunderball (Dec. 9) (Eon Productions) (James Bond 007 film #4), produced after a legal hassle by Irish "Longitude 78 West" screenwriter Kevin O'Donovan McClory (1924-2006) sends him to the Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo (Adolfo Celi); stars Claudine Auger (after Julie Christie proves unsuitable, and Raquel Welch is committed to "Fantastic Voyage") as Bond girl Dominique "Domino" Derval, sends him to the Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo (Adolfo Celi); stars Claudine Auger (after Julie Christie proves unsuitable, and Raquel Welch is committed to "Fantastic Voyage") as Bond girl Dominique "Domino" Derval, who likes to wear checkerboard clothing; the Thunderball Theme (original title "Mr. Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang") is sung by Tom Jones, who faints while singing the song's long final note; the Breitling SA Top Time wristwatch worn by Connery is auctioned by Christie's on June 26, 2011 for over £100K; earns $141.2M box office worldwide on a $9M budget, becoming the most successful 007 film (until ?). Bert I. Gordon's Village of the Giants (Oct. 20) stars Johnny Crawford as Horsey, Beau Bridges as Fred, and Tommy Kirk as Mike, teenies living in beach party town Hainesville, Calif. who pressure teen mad scientist Genius (Ron Howard) into giving them some of his Goo that turns ducks into giants, growing to 30 ft. tall and trying to take over the town; features performances by the Beau Brummels and Freddy Cannon, becoming a cult classic. Clive Donner's What's New Pussycat? (June 22), written by Woody Allen and starring Peter Sellers is Woody's first feature as both actor and screenwriter; the Oscar-nominated theme song What's New Pussycat? is sung by Tom Jones. Plays: The Action, Land of One Thousand Dances (Oct.) (debut); originally The Boys; from Kentish Town, North West London, incl. Reginald "Reg" King (1945-2010) (vocals), Alan "Bam" King (1945-) (guitar), Mike "Ace" Evans (1944-2010) (bass), Roger Powell (1945-) (drums); hit with critics, but flops. William Alfred (1922-99), Hogan's Goat (Theater at St. Clement's Church, New York) (Nov. 11) (East 74th St. Theatre, New York) (607 perf.); about Irish-Am. mayoral politics in 1890 Brooklyn, N.Y.; dir. by Frederick Rolf; stars Ralph Waite as Matthew Stanton, and Tom Ahearne as his rival Ned Quinn, who discovers that Stanton and his wife Kathleen, played by Faye Dunaway (1941-) were never married in a Catholic church, and that Stanton was once a goat (kept man) of Quinn's ex-girlfriend Agnes Hogan; makes Dunaway a star. Aleksei Arbuzov (1908-86), The Promise; three people hiding in a derelect house during the 1942 Siege of Stalingrad; debuts at the Oxford Playhouse starring Judi Dench, Ian McKellen, and Ian McShane, then goes through 1,636 perf. in 66 Russian theaters. John Arden (1930-), Armstrong's Last Good Night (Glasgow). Alan Ayckbourn (1939-), Relatively Speaking; original title "Meet My Father". Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Come and Go. Leslie Bricusse (1931-) and Anthony Newley (1931-99), The Roar of the Greasepaint - The Smell of the Crowd (musical) (Shubert Theatre, New York) (May 16) (231 perf.); stars Newley as Cocky, Cyril Ritchard as Sir, and Sally Smith as Kid; features the song Who Can I Turn To (When Nobody Needs Me)?. Abe Burrows (1910-85), Cactus Flower (farce) (Royale Theatre, New York) (Dec. 8) (1,234 perf.); based on the play "Fleur de Cactus" by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy about young wild chick Toni (Brenda Vaccaro) and her old man dentist lover Julian Winston (Barry Nelson), who claims he's married to keep from having to marry her, causing her to attempt suicide, after which he gets his shy spinster nurse Stephanie Dickinson (Lauren Bacall) to pose as his wife to fool her and convince her to get a new beau; filmed in 1969 starring Walter Matthau, Goldie Hawn, and Ingrid Bergman. Emilio Carballido (1925-2008), I Swear to You, Juana, That I Really Want To (Te Juro Juana que Tengo Ganas). Jerome Coopersmith, Marian Grudeff, and Raymond Jessel, Baker Street (musical) (Broadway Theatre, New York) (Feb. 16) (311 perf.); based on the Sherlock Holmes stories of Arthur Conan Doyle. Harold Fielding (1917-2003), Charlie Girl (musical comedy) (Adelphi Theatre, West End, London) (Dec. 15)) (2,202 perf.); stars Dame Anna Neagle as widowed aristocrat Lady Hadwell, who opens her home to the public to pay the bills, and has three daughters, incl. Charlotte "Charlie", whose asst. Joe Brown (Joe Studholme, later Gerry Marsden) falls for before winning a fortune in the football pools and tries to cover it up despite mother trying to marry her off to an Am. millionaire; panned by critics, making it more popular?; runs for 5.5 years. Robert Wright (1914-2005), George Forrest (1915-99), George Abbott (1887-1995), and Guy Bolton (1884-1979), Anya (musical) (Ziegfeld Theater, New York) (Nov. 29) (16 perf.); based on Marcelle Maurette's play "Anastasia" and the 1956 film; stars Constance Towers as Anya, Michael Kermoyan as Bounine, Karen Shepard as Genia, "Floperetta Queen" Irra Petina as Katrinia, and Lillian Gish as the Dowager Empress; last production in the Ziegfeld Theatre, who started out in 1927 with "Show Boat"; too bad, critics pan it as an operetta, and it flops. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), A Singular Man; based on his 1963 novel. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), Betzi; A Friend Indeed. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), The Successful Life of Three; Promenade; music by Rev. Al Carmines. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Three Plays: The Young Disciple, Faustina, Jonah. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), An Evening's Frost. Jean-Claude van Itallie (1936-), Motel (1-act play). John Kander (1927-), Fred Ebb (1928-2004), George Francis Abbott (1887-1995), and Robert Russell (1912-92), Flora the Red Menace (musical) (Alvin Theatre, New York) (May 11) (87 perf.); produced by Harold Prince; dir. by Abbott; stars Liza Minnelli in her Broadway debut, winning a Tony Award for best actress in a musicall, becoming the youngest until Frankie Michaels in 1966; features the song A Quiet Thing; the first team production of composer John Harold Kander (1927-) and lyricist Fred Ebb (1928-2004), who go on to produce "Cabaret" (1966) and "Chicago" (1975). Felicien Marceau (1913-), Madame Princesse. Frank Marcus (1928-96), The Killing of Sister George; a decaying lesbian relationship. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), The Blind Young Man; Madame de Sade. Rochelle Owens (1936-), The String Game (debut) (Judson Poet's Theater, New York); Futz and What Came After (Tyrone Guthrie Workshop Theatre, Minneapolis); a sexual relationship between a man and his sow Amanda causes rednecks to kill them both. Joe Orton (1933-67), Loot (Brighton) (Feb. 2). John Osborne (1929-94), A Patriot for Me; gay part-Jewish traitor hero Col. Redl of the Austrian-Hungarian army of the early 1900s is a target for blackmail. Harold Pinter (1930-2008), The Homecoming; Am. philosophy prof. Teddy and his wife Ruth visit his father, uncle, and brothers in North London, who rag on about being macho heteros. Ronald Ribman (1932-), Harry, Noon and Night (debut) (Am. Place Theater, New York) (Mar. 7). Peter Shaffer (1926-), The Black Comedy (1-act play); a stage flooded with light is really a pitch-black room? Sam Shepard (1943-), Chicago; a bathtub play. Neil Simon (1927-2018), The Odd Couple (Plymouth Theatre, New York) (Mar. 10) (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (966 perf.); dir. by Mike Nichols; based on his brother Danny Simon and theatrical agent Roy Gerbert (Mel Brooks and Speed Vogel?) moving in together after divorces; fastidious newswriter Felix Unger (Art Carney) and slovenly sportswriter Oscar Madison (Walter Matthau), who reside at 1049 Park Ave.; Jack Klugman later subs for Matthau; on June 11, 1985 "The Female Odd Couple debuts at the Broadhurst Theatre in New York (295 perf.), featuring the Broadway debut of Tony Shalhoub. Dale Wasserman (1917-), Mitch Leigh (1928-), and Joe Darion (1917-), Man of La Mancha (musical) (Nov. 22) (Washington Square Theatre, New York) (2,329 perf.); inspired by Miguel de Cervantes' 1605/1615 novel "Don Quixote"; features The Impossible Dream, sung by Richard Kiley, and later by Elvis Presley, Jack Jones (1966), Tom Jones, Matt Monro et al.; "No matter how hopeless, no matter how far, to fight for the right without question". Lanford Wilson (1937-), Balm in Gilead; a cafe frequented by addicts, thieves, and hos; title from Jer. 46:11. Charles Wood (1932-), Meals on Wheels (Royal Court Theatre, London). Paul Zindel (1936-2003), The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (first play) (Pulitzer Prize) (Alley Theatre, Houston) (May 12) (Mercer-O'Casey Theatre, New York) (Apr. 7, 1970) (819 perf.); dir. by Melvin Bernhardt; a dysfunctional family headed by single mother Beatrice Hunsdorfer, who has two daughters, extroverted Ruth, and introverted Matilda "Tillie", who is preparing her science fair experiment consisting of seeds exposed to radioactivity, while the other two try to sabotage her; at the end Tillie wins, and Beatrice kills the girls' pet rabbit Peter; stars Pamela Payton-Wright as Tillie, Amy Levitt as Ruth, Sada Thompson as Beatrice, and Swoosie Kurtz as Janice Vickery; filmed in 1972 by Paul Newman starring Joanne Woodward. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Corsons Inlet; Tape for the Turn of the Year. W.H. Auden (1907-73), About the House. Edgar Bowers (1924-2000), The Astronomers. Charles Bukowski (1920-94), Crucifix in a Deathhand. Dino Buzzati (1906-72), Capt. Pic and Other Poems (Il Capitano Pic e Altre Poesie). Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Words; rev. in 1967. Cecil Day-Lewis (1904-72), The Room and Other Poems. Edward Dorn (1929-99), Idaho Out; Geography. Richard Eberhart (1904-2005), Selected Poems, 1930-1965 (June) (Pulitzer Prize). Gunnar Ekelof (1907-68), Diwan on the King of Emgion. Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931), Mirrors of the Soul (posth.). Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Love Respelt; One Hard Look; Collected Poems. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Plain Song (debut). Seamus Heaney (1939-), Eleven Poems (debut) (Nov.). John Hollander (1929-), Visions from the Ramble. Carolyn Kizer (1925-), Knock Upon Silence. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), The Privilege; incl. Pawnbroker. Irving Layton (1912-2006), Collected Poems. John Frederick Lehmann (1907-87), Christ the Hunter (prose poem). Philip Levine (1928-2015), Silence in America. Robert Lowell (1917-77), For the Union Dead; "The Aquarium is gone. Everywhere/ giant-finned cars move forward like fish;/ a savage servility/ slides by on grease." Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), Gucio Enchanted. Eugenio Montale (1896-1981), Selected Poems. Howard Moss (1922-87), Finding Them Lost and Other Poems. George Oppen (1908-84), This in Which. Henry S. Taylor (1942-), The Horse Show at Midnight and An Afternoon of Pocket Billiards (debut). Melvin B. Tolson (1898-1966), Harlem Gallery. John B. Wain (1925-94), Wildtrack. Derek Walcott (1930-), The Castaway and Other Poems. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), Finally a Valentine; I Sent Thee Late; Iyyob; Little: An Unearthing; All: The Collected Short Poems, 1923-1958; All: The Collected Short Poems, 1956-1964. Novels: Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Earthworks; about an overpopulated police state where the wealthy Farmers exploit rural prison labor while chasing the subversive Travellers. Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), The James Bond Dossier; The Book of Bond; or, Every Man His Own 007; pub. under alias Lt. Col. William "Bill" Tanner. Hubert Aquin (1929-77), Prochain Episode (Next Episode); greatest novel of Quebec's rev. period? Louis Aragon (1897-1982), La Mise a Mort. Francisco Ayala (1906-2009), The Kidnap (El Rapto) (short stories). Enid Bagnold (1889-1981), The Chinese Prime Minister. James Baldwin (1924-87), Going to Meet the Man (short stories). John Ball (1911-88), In the Heat of the Night; black Philly police detective Virgil Tibbs passes through racist Wells, S.C.; filmed in 1967. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Drought. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), The System of Dante's Hell. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), The Visitors. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), A Season in the Life of Emmanuel (Une Saison dans la Vie d'Emmanul) (Prix Medicis); about a rural farm family in Quebec dominated by matriarch Antoinette, whose 16th child is Emmanuel; filmed in 1972 by Claude Weisz. Robert Bloch (1917-94), THe House of the Hatchet (short stories); The Skull of the Marquis de Sade (short stories); Tales in a Jugular Vein (short stories). Bryher (1894-1983), Visa for Avalon; based on her WWII experiences rescuing Jews in Switzerland. Frederick Buechner (1926-), The Final Beast. Eugene Burdick (1918-65), Nina's Book. James Lee Burke (1936-), Half of Paradise (first novel). James M. Cain (1892-1977), The Magician's Wife; Clay Lockwood falls for a murderous woman. Taylor Caldwell (1900-85), A Pillar of Iron; about Roman senator Cicero. Italo Calvino (1923-85), Cosmicomics (short stories). John Dickson Carr (1906-77), The House at Satan's Elbow; Dr. Gideon Fell. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Star Over Bethlehem and Other Stories (Nov. 1); At Bertram's Hotel (Nov. 15); Miss Marple. Larry Collins (1929-2005) and Dominique Lapierre (1931-), Is Paris Burning? (Paris Brule-t-il?); the Nazi occupation of Paris. Richard Condon (1915-96), An Infinity of Mirrors. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), At the Crossroads (short stories). Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Long Corridor. Susan Cooper (1935-), Over Sea, Under Stone; Dark Is Rising #1 of 5 (1965-77), a fantasy series based on the legend of King Arthur. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), Tell Me Where the Good Times Are; 70-y.-o. Tommy Bartin of Dorchester County, Md. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), The Gold Diggers and Other Stories; expanded from the 1954 ed. Philip K. Dick (1928-82), The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch; set in the 21st cent., when the Proxans raise the temperature of Earth to force humans to leave for other worlds, causing many to escape with the illegal drug CAN-D and layouts and create a religious cult around Perky Pat. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), The Genocides (first novel). Allen Drury (1918-98), That Summer. Margaret Drabble (1939-), The Millstone. William Eastlake (1917-97), Castle Keep; about U.S. soldiers trying to defend a Belgian castle filled with artwork during the 1944 Battle of the Bulge; filmed in 1969 by Sydney Pollack, starring Burt Lancaster. Harlan Ellison (1934-), Paingod and Other Delusions (short stories); incl. "Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman. Philip Jose Farmer (1918-2009), World of Tiers; first in a series (ends 1993); Kickaha. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Back to China. Oliver La Forge, The Door in the Wall. Ian Fleming (1908-64), The Man With the Golden Gun (James Bond 007 #12) (Apr. 1) (posth.); rogue assassin Francisco Scaramanga; filmed in 1974. Margaret Forster (1938-), The Bogeyman; Georgy Girl; filmed in 1966. John Fowles (1926-2005), The Magus; based on the Wheel of Fortune. Janet Frame (1924-2004), The Adaptable Man. Pamela Frankau (1908-67), Slaves of the Lamp. Michael Frayn (1933-), The Tin Men. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Criminal Conversation (Van Der Valk #5). George Garrett (1929-2008), Do, Lord, Remember Me; Southern revivalist preacher. Romain Gary (1914-80), The Ski Bum (Adieu Gary Cooper); the new lost generation. Witold Gombrowicz (1904-69), Kosmos. Winston Graham (1908-2003), After the Act. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Simple People. Joanne Greenberg (1932-), The Monday Voices. Davis Grubb (1919-80), A Tree Full of Stars; the Dance family from Moundsville, W. Va. during the Great Depression, who keep their Xmas lights on year round. Arthur Hailey (1920-2004), Hotel; first of a string of bestsellers based on a formula about ordinary people facing a crisis, selling 170M copies and being turned into TV series and movies; filmed in 1967. Earl Hamner Jr. (1923-2016), You Can't Get There From Here. Joseph Hayes (1918-2006), The Third Day; Steven Mallory gets in a car crash that kills his sleazy mistress Holly, after which he gets amnesia and his wife and brother get hostile towards him, along with Holly's hubby Lester Aldrich. Frank Herbert (1920-86), Dune; rejected by 13 pubs. before Chilton (Radnor, Penn.) takes a chance on it, becoming the bestselling sci-fi novel of all time; Paul Muaddib, the Messiah of water-challenged dune planet Arrakis, home of giant worms and the mind-expanding spice Melange, controlled by Muslim-like Fremen; "I must not fear; fear is the mind-killer" (Bene-Gesserits); the Space OPEC?; filmed in 1984 by David Lynch. James Leo Herlihy (1927-93), Midnight Cowboy; filmed in 1969. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), A Suspension of Mercy (The Story-Teller). Chester Himes (1909-84), Cotton Comes to Harlem; Ed "Coffin" Jones and "Gravedigger" Johnson take on scheming Rev. Deke O'Malley. Edward Hoagland (1932-), The Peacock's Tail. Bohumil Hrabal (1914-97), Closely Watched Trains (The Close Watcher of Trains); I Served the King of England; a little waiter named Ditie falls for a Nazi gym teacher in post-WWI Czech., changing his politics. Langston Hughes (1902-67), Simple's Uncle Sam. William Humphrey (1924-97), The Ordways. Clifford Irving (1930-), The 38th Floor. Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), Cork Street, Next to the Hatters. Uwe Johnson (1934-84), Zwei Ansichten (Two Views). Yasunari Kawabata (1899-1972), Beauty and Sadness; married man Oki has an affair with young Otoko, then sees her again 20 years later. Thomas Keneally (1935-), The Fear; rewritten in 1989 as "By the Line". Jack Kerouac (1922-69), Desolation Angels; sequel to "The Dharma Bums" (1958). Damon Knight (1922-2002), The Rithian Terror. Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), The Painted Bird; about the Holocaust. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), Through Dooms of Love (first novel). Louis L'Amour (1908-88), The Sackett Brand. Meyer Levin (1905-81), The Stronghold; a thriller set in a WWII concentration camp. Alison Lurie (1926-), The Nowhere City; history grad student Paul Cattleman flirts with working for the MIC. Sir Compton Mackenzie (1883-1972), The Stolen Soprano. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), The Beggar. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), An American Dream (pub. in "Esquire"). Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), Father Hilary's Holiday. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), The Battle for Quebec; Maracaibo Mission. Peter Matthiessen (1927-), At Play in the Fields of the Lord. Cormac McCarthy (1933-), The Orchard Keeper (first novel). Shepherd Mead (1914-94), Carefully Considered Rape of the World: A Novel About the Unspeakable. James Merrill (1926-95), The (Diblos) Notebook. James A. Michener (1907-97), The Source; bestseller about the history of Israel and the fictional Makor (Heb. "source") Tell in N Israel. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), Acts of Worship (short stories). Brian Moore (1921-99), The Emperor of Ice-Cream. Robin Moore (1925-2008), The Green Berets; written after his Harvard classmate Robert F. Kennedy gives him special access to the Green Berets Special Forces unit, and he goes through their "Q Course"; makes him a hit with the U.S. military; also co-authors the lyrics for "The Ballad of the Green Berets", which is used in the 1968 John Wayne film. Walt Morey (1907-92), Gentle Ben. Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Accident; filmed in 1967. Robert Nathan (1894-1985), The Mallott Diaries. Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), One of the Founders. John Nichols (1940-), The Sterile Cuckoo (first novel); a quirky young couple. Francois Nourissier (1927-), Une Histoire Francaise. Edna O'Brien (1930-), August Is A Wicked Month. Flannery O'Connor (1925-64), Everything That Rises Must Converge (short stories) (posth.). Peter O'Donnell (1920-), Modesty Blaise; first of a series. John O'Hara (1905-70), The Lockwood Concern. Amos Oz (1939-2018), Where the Jackals Howl (short stories) (first book); life in a kibbutz. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), A Nice Derangement of Epitaphs (Who Lies Here?); George Felse. Donn Pearce (1928-), Cool Hand Luke (first novel); filmed in 1967 starring Paul Newman and George Kennedy. Georges Perec (1936-82), Things: A Story of the Sixties ()Les Choses: Une Histore des Annees Soixante) (first novel) (Prix Renaudot). Robert Pinget (1919-97), Autour de Mortin; Quelqu'un (Someone). Katherine Anne Porter (1890-1980), Collected Stories (short stories) (Pulitzer Prize). James Purdy (1914-2009), Cabot Wright Begins. Mario Puzo (1920-99), The Fortunate Pilgrim. Vance Randolph (1892-1980), Hot Springs and Hell. Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008), La Maison de Rendez-Vous. Robert Ruark (1915-65), The Honey Badger (posth.); the African animal that when cornered goes straight for the nuts. Patrick Ryan (1916-), Hubert Calendar Counts His Blessings. Nelly Sachs (1891-1970), Spate (Späte) Gedichte. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), La Chamade. J.D. Salinger (1919-2010), Hapworth 16, 1924; pub. in the New Yorker; Seymour Glass; his last pub. story, about a 7-y.-o. in summer camp. Gladys Schmitt (1909-72), Electra. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), The Death of William Posters. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), All Flesh is Grass; Millville is trapped in a bubble by an alien hive race of purple flowers. Konstantin Simonov (1915-79), They Are Not Born Soldiers. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Mandelbaum Gate; the crossing point between the Israeli and Jordanian sections of Jerusalem until 1967. Elizabeth Spencer (1921-), Knights and Dragons. Rex Todhunter Stout (1886-1975), The Doorbell Rang; based on the 1964 Fred J. Cook book "The FBI Nobody Knows"; Nero Wolfe takes on the FBI for trying to harass a woman for pub. a book critical of them; pisses-off J. Edgar Hoover (1895-1972), who tries to kill it. Han Suyin (1917-), L'Abbe Pierre. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), A Galaxy of Fathers; Sanctuary. Elizabeth Taylor (1912-75), A Dedicated Man and Other Stories. Jim Thompson (1906-77), Texas by the Tail. Elleston Trevor, The Berlin Memorandum; filmed in 1966 as "The Quiller Memorandum". Anne Tyler (1941-), The Tin Can Tree. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, or Pearls Before Swine; "A sum of money is a leading character in this tale about people, just as a sum of honey might properly be a leading character in a tale about bees. The sum was $87,472,033.61 on June 1, 1964, to pick a day." Peter De Vries (1910-93), Let Me Count the Ways. David Wagoner (1926-), The Escape Artist (first novel); Danny Masters boasts that he will escape from jail in 1 hour; filmed in 1982. Per Wahloo (1926-75) and Maj Sjowall (1935-), Roseanna; written with his new wife, it launches the realistic police procedural Martin Beck series (ends 1975) with the goal of using the crime novel "as a scalpel cutting open the belly of the ideological pauperized and morally debatable so-called welfare state of the bourgeois type." Alec Waugh (1898-1981), The Mule on the Minaret. Paul West (1930-), Tenement of Clay. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), Dangerous Inheritance; about Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642); The Eight Ages of Justerinis. Henry Williamson (1895-1977), The Phoenix Generation. Roger Zelazny (1937-95), This Immortal (...And Call Me Conrad) (first novel); Conrad Nomikos escorts a blue-skinned Vegan around what's left of Earth, and ends up protecting him from madass humans. Births: Am. "Elaine from Manhattan in Runaway Bride" actress-producer Lisa Roberts Gillan on Jan. 1 in Decatur, Ga.; sister of Eric Roberts (1956-) and Julia Roberts (1967-); aunt of Emma Roberts (1991-). U.S. Rep. (D-Ala.) (2011-) (black) Terrycina Andrea "Terri" Sewell on Jan. 1 in Huntsville, Ala.; educated at Princeton U., St. Hilda's College, Oxford U., and Harvard U. English "Susannah in Legends of the Fall", "Sabrina Fairchild in Sabrina" actress Julia Karin Ormond on Jan. 4 in Epsom, Surrey. French tennis player (lefty) Guy Forget on Jan. 4 in Casablanca, Morocco. British "Bullet Tooth Tony in Snatch", "Sphinx in Gone in 60 Seconds", "Ewan McStarley in The Condemned" actor-soccer player Vincent Peter "Vinnie" Jones on Jan. 5 in Watford, Hertfordshire. Saudi U.S.S. Cole Muslim terrorist Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri on Jan. 5. Danish environmentalist Bjorn (Bjørn) Lomborg on Jan. 6 in Frederiksberg; educated at the U. of Ga., U. of Aarhus, and U. of Copenhagen. Am. "Ensign Ro Laren in Star Trek: TNG", "Maryann Forrester in True Blood" actress Michelle Renee Forbes Guajardo on Jan. 8 in Austin, Tex. Am. 5'3" basketball player (black) (shortest in NBA) Tyrone Curtis "Muggsy" Bogues on Jan. 9 in Baltimore, Md. Trinidadian-German "What Is Love" singer (black) Nestor Alexander Haddaway on Jan. 9 in Port of Spain; grows up in Washington, D.C. English "King Ralph", "Shining Through", "Nip/Tuck" actress Joely Kim Richardson on Jan. 9; daughter of Vanessa Redgrave (1937-); sister of Natasha Richardson (1963-); makes film debut at age 3. Bangladeshi journalist (Muslim) Salah Uddin Shoaib Choudhury on Jan. 12 in Sylhet. Am. musician-dir.-producer-writer Rob Zombie (Robert Bartleh Cummings) (White Zombie) on Jan. 12 in Haverhill, Mass. English "River Cottage" chef Hugh Christopher Edmund Fearnley-Whittingstall on Jan. 14 in Hampstead, London. Am. "The World Ain't Slowing Down" folk singer-songwriter Ellis Paul (Paul Plissey) on Jan. 14 in Aroostook County, Maine. English actress Jemima Rebecca "Jemma" Redgrave on Jan. 14 in London; daughter of Corin Redgrave; niece of Vanessa Redgrave and Lynn Redgrave; cousin of Joely Richardson, Carlo Nero, and Natasha Richardson. Am. rock musician Adam Thomas Jones (Tool) on Jan. 15 in Park Ridge, Ill. Am. "Insomniac" comedian Dave Attell on Jan. 18 in Queens, N.Y. Am. rock bassist Gregory David "Greg K." Kriesel (The Offspring) on Jan. 20 in Glendale, Calif. Am. "I Swear", "Sold (The Grundy Country Auction Incident)" country singer-songwriter John Michael Montgomery (Montgomery Gentry) on Jan. 20 in Danville, Ky.; brother of Eddie Montgomery; collaborator of Troy Gentry (1967-). Am. rock drummer (Jewish) Steven "Steve" Adler (Guns N'Roses) on Jan. 22 in Cleveland, Ohio. Am. hip-hop producer (black) DJ Jazzy Jeff (Jeffrey A. Townes) on Jan. 22 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. hip hop artist (black) Jason William "Jam-Master Jay" "Jay Gambulos" Mizell (d. 2002) (Run-D.M.C.) on Jan. 21 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "Lorena Wood in Lonesome Dove" actress Diane Lane on Jan. 22 in New York City; daughter of Burt Lane and Colleen Farrington; begins acting onstage at age 6; films her first movie in Venice at age 13 with Laurence Olivier, landing on the cover of Time mag.; wife (1988-94) of Christopher Lambert (1957-) and (2004-) of Josh Brolin (1968-). Am. heavy metal drummer Louie Clemente (Testament) on Jan. 23. U.S. Rep. (R-Calif.) (2007-) and House Speaker (2023) Kevin Owen McCarthy on Jan. 26 in Bakersfield, Calif.; Dem. parents; educated at Cal. State U. Bakersfield. Scottish "Boris Grishenko in GoldenEye", "Nightcrawler in X2: X-Men United", "Dr. Dylan Reinhart in Instinct" actor-dir.-writer-producer (bi) Alan Cumming on Jan. 27 in Aberfeldy, Perth and Kinross; becomes a U.S. citizen in 2008. Am. 6'0" hockey player Brian R. Lawton on Jan. 29 in New Brunswick, N.J.; first U.S. h.s. hockey player to be drafted first overall (Minn. North Stars). Canadian cellist Ofra Harnoy on Jan. 31 in Hadera. Am. country musician Dwayne Dupuy (Ricochet) on Feb. 1. Am. "Audrey Horne in Twin Peaks" actress Sherilyn (Sheryl Ann) Fenn on Feb. 1 in Detroit, Mich.; of Italian, Hungarian, Irish, and French descent. Monaco princess and fashion designer Stephanie Marie Elisabeth Grimaldi on Feb. 1; youngest child of Rainier III and Princess Grace; sister of Princess Caroline (1957-) and Albert II (1958-); is in the car in mommy's fatal accident on Sept. 13, 1982. English rock musician Nick Hawkins (d. 2005) (Big Audio Dynamite II) on Feb. 3 in Luton. Am. "Nurse Abby Lockhart in ER", "Dead Women in Lingerie" actress Maura Tierney on Feb. 3 in Boston, Mass. Am. "Everybody Hates Chris" actor-comedian (black) Christopher Julius "Chris" Rock III on Feb. 7 in Andrews, S.C.; grows up in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, N.Y. Canadian actor-writer-lyricist Andrew Sabiston on Feb. 8 in London, Ont. Am. "Vailula in Doc Hollywood" actress Juliet Mia "Julie" Warner on Feb. 9 in Manhattan, N.Y.; educated at Brown U.; wife (1995-) of Jonathan Prince. Am. judge (Roman Catholic) Brett Michael Kavanaugh on Feb. 12 in Washington, D.C.; grows up in Bethesda, Md.; educated at Yale U.; husband of Ashley Estes. Israeli politician (Arab Muslim) Masud Ghnaim on Feb. 14. Cuban heavy metal drummer Dave Lombardo (Slayer) on Feb. 16 in Havana. Am. rapper and record exec (black) (Death Row Records, Aftermath Entertainment) Dr. Dre (Andre Rommelle Young) on Feb. 18 in Compton, Calif. Am. rock drummer (Jewish) Jon Fishman (Phish) on Feb. 19 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. Dell CEO (Jewish) Michael Saul Dell on Feb. 23 in Houston, Tex.; educated at UTA. Am. "Charlotte York in Sex and the City" actress Kristin Landen (Lee) Davis on Feb. 23 in Boulder, Colo.; grows up in S.C.; educated at Rutgers U. Czech tennis player Helena Sukova (Suková) on Feb. 23 in Prague. Am. supermodel-actress (black) Veronica Webb on Feb. 25 in Detroit, Mich.; of white, Nigerian, South Am. Indian, and Asian descent. Am. "Stan Beeman in The Americans" actor Noah Nicholas Emmerich on Feb. 27 in New York City. Am. wrestler (black) Booker T (Booker Tio Huffman) on Mar. 1 in Houston, Tex. Ethiopian WHO dir.-gen. (2017-) (black) Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Mar. 3 in Asmara, Eritrea Province; educated at the U. of Asmara, and U. of Nottingham. English "Event Horizon", "Alien vs. Predator" dir.-producer-writer Paul William Scott Anderson on Mar. 4 in Walsend, Newcastle upon Tyne; educated at the U. of Warwick. Am. "The Kite Runner" novelist-physician (Tajik) Khaled Hosseini on Mar. 4 in Kabul, Afghanistan; emigrates to the U.S. in 1980: "Writing for me is mostly about rewriting." Russian cosmonaut Yury Valentinovich Lonchakov on Mar. 4 in Balkhash, Kazakhstan. Am. "Planet Love", "Tell It To My Heart", "With Every Beat of My Heart" pop singer-actress Taylor Dayne (Leslie Wunderman) on Mar. 7 in Baldwin, N.Y. Dutch "Vera Springveer" transvestite singer-artist (gay) Charles Lucker (Lücker) (d. 2008) (Girls Just Wanna Have Fun) on Mar. 7 in Amsterdam. Am. Dem. politician (black) Jesse Louis Jackson Jr. on Mar. 11 in Greenville, S.C.; son of Jesse Jackson Sr. (1941-). Am. "Scream", "Dawson's Creek" producer-dir.-writer Kevin Meade Williamson on Mar. 14 in New Bern, N.C. Canadian economist Mark Joseph Carney on Mar. 16 in Fort Smith, Northwest Territories; educated at the U. of Alberta, Harvard U., St. Peter's College, Oxford U., and Nuffield College, Oxford U. Scottish "Nine Lives: In Search of the Sacred in Modern India" historian William Dalrymple (Hamilton-Dalrymple) on Mar. 20; son of Sir Hew Hamilton-Dalrymple, 10th baronet, a cousin of Virginia Woolf; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge U. Am. "Pawn Stars" pawn shop owner Richard Kevin "Rick the Spotter" Harrison on Mar. 22 in Davidson, N.C.; son of Richard Benjamin "the Old Man" Harrison (1941-). Am. "Detective Dennis Booker in 21 Jump Street" actor-model Richard Grieco on Mar. 23 in Watertown, N.Y. Am. wrestler Mark William "the Undertaker" Calaway on Mar. 24 in Houston, Tex.; joins World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in 1990. Am. "Carrie Bradshaw in Sex and the City" actress-producer (Jewish) Sarah Jessica Parker on Mar. 25 in Nelsonville, Ohio; wife (1997-) of Matthew Broderick (1962-). Am. astronaut William Anthony "Bill" Oefelein on Mar. 29 in Fort Belvoir, Va.; educated at Ore. State U., and U. of Tenn. English "Britain's/America's Got Talent" journalist and TV celeb Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan on Mar. 30 in Newick, East Sussex. Am. "Billy Kane in The Beat" actor-activist William West McNamara on Mar. 31 in Dallas, Tex. Am. taxi driver (black) Rodney Glen King (d. 2012) on Apr. 2 in Sacramento, Calif. Am. "Chaplin", "Tony Stark in Iron Man" actor (alcoholic) Robert John Downey Jr. on Apr. 4 in Greenwich Village, N.Y.; son of Robert Downey Sr. (1936-). Am. musician-singer-songwriter Black Francis (Frank Black) (Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV) (Pixies) on Apr. 6 in Boston, Mass. Am. comedian (black) Bill Bellamy on Apr. 7 in Newark, N.J. English rock musician David "Yorkie" Palmer (Space) on Apr. 7. Czech-Am. 5'11" supermodel-actress-novelist Paulina Porizkova (Pavlína Porízková-Ocasek) on Apr. 9 in Prostejov, Czech.; family flees to Lund, Sweden in 1968; becomes U.S. citizen; wife (1989-) of Ric Ocasek (1949-). Japanese astronaut Soichi Noguchi on Apr. 15 in Yokohama; educated at the U. of Tokyo. Am. rock musician-songwriter-producer (lesbian) Linda Perry (4 Non Blondes) on Apr. 15 in Springfield, Mass.; Portuguese-Am. father. Am. "Duckie in Pretty in Pink", "Alan Harper in Two and a Half Men" actor (Matthew Broderick lookalike?) Jonathan Niven "Jon" Cryer on Apr. 16 in New York City; son of Getchen Cryer (1935-); educated at Bronx H.S. of Science. Am. "Marcus Burnett in Bad Boys", "Malcolm Turner AKA Big Momma in Big Momma's House" actor (black) Martin Fitzgerald Lawrence on Apr. 16 in Frankfurt, West Germany; named after MLK Jr. and JFK; grows up in Queens, N.Y. and Landover, Md. Am. rock bassist Eric Adam Avery (Jane's Addiction) on Apr. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Brian Avery (1940-). Am. "Doug Heffernan in The King of Queens" actor-comedian-producer Kevin James (Kevin George Knipfing) on Apr. 26 in Mineola, N.Y.; educated at SUNY. Am. atty. (Muslim) Shereef Akeel on Apr. 27 in Walnut, Calf.; of Egyptian descent; educated at the U. of Mich., Wayne State U., and Mich. State U. Am. rock bassist Rob Squires (Big Head Todd and the Monsters) on Apr. 27 in Denver, Colo. Am. "Nathan Petrelli in Heroes" actor-dir. Adrian Kayvan Pasdar on Apr. 30 in Pittsfield, Mass.; Iranian father, German mother. English theater-TV producer (Jewish) Sonia Anne Primrose Friedman (nee Freedman) on Apr. ?; Russian Jewish immigrant descent father Leonard Friedman, English mother Clair Llewelyn Sims; sister of Maria Friedman (1960-), Richard Friedman, Ben Friedman, and Sarah Beecham. Italian fashion designer Donatella Versace on May 2 in Reggio di Calabria; sister of Gianni Versace (1946-97). Chinese astronaut Col. Fei Junlong on May 5 in Suzhou, Jiangsu. Canadian 5'10" wrestler Owen James "the Blue Blazer" Hart (d. 1999) on May 7 in Calgary, Alberta. Canadian 5'11" hockey hall-of-fame player Stephen Gregory "Steve" Yzerman on May 9 in Cranbrook, B.C. Canadian supermodel Linda Evangelista on May 10 in St. Catherines, Ont.; Italian parents; "We don't wake up for less than $10,000 a day." Am. rock bassist Krist Anthony Novoselic II (Nirvana, Sweet 75, Eyes, Flipper, Adrift) on May 10 in Compton, Calif.; Croatian immigrant parents. Am. "That's My Baby" country singer-actress Lari Michele White on May 13 in Dunedin, Fla. Am. "The Downward Spiral" singer-musician-producer Michael Trent Reznor (Nine Inch Nails) on May 17 in Mercer, Penn. Am. "Queer Eye for the Straight Guy" foodie (gay) Ted Allen on May 20 in Columbus, Ohio; educated at NYU; husband (2013-) of Barry Rice. U.S. White House Press secy. #29 (2011-14) James "Jay" Carney on May 22 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Yale U.; husband (1998-) of Claire Shipman (1964-). Am. "Lefty the Singing Cowboy in A Prairie Home Companion" actor John Christopher Reilly on May 24 in Chicago, Ill.; of Irish-Am. descent. Am. "Dogtown", "Casino Jack" filmmaker George Hickenlooper (d. 2010) on May 25 in St. Louis, Mo.; cousin of John Hickenlooper (1952-); educated at Yale U. Gambian pres. #2 (1994-) (black) Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh on May 25 in Kanilai. Am. rock guitarist Mark Knight (Bang Tango, Dancin' on Coals) on May 25 in Calif.; not to be confused with musician Mark Knight (1973-). Dutch rock guitarist Remco Prins (Burma Shave, Stash) on May 25. Dutch actor Rudolphus Henricus Cornelis "Roef" Ragas (d. 2007) on May 25 in Harderwijk. Israeli brig. gen. (Jewish) Miriam "Miri" Regev on May 26 in Kiryat Gat; Moroccan Jewish immigrant parents. Am. "Willis Jackson in Diff'rent Strokes" actor Todd Anthony Bridges on May 27 in San Francisco, Calif.; first black child actor with a recurring role on a successful U.S. TV series ("The Waltons"). Am. rock musician Christopher "Chris" Ballew (The Presidents of the United States of America) on May 28 in Seattle, Wash. Am. 6' "The Blue Lagoon", "Suddenly Susan" actress-model Brooke Christa Camille Shields on May 31 in New York City; English-Italian-German parentage; at 11 mo. becomes the Ivory Snow Baby; educated at Princeton U.; in June 2009 she announces that she lost her virginity at age 22; dates John F. Kennedy Jr., Liam Neeson, George Michael, Prince Naruhito of Japan, John Travolta, Mohammed Khashoggi, and Michael Jackson; wife (1997-9) of Andre Agassi (1970-) and (2001-) Chris Henchy (1964-). Am. rock bassist Mike Gordon (Phish) on June 3 in Sudbury, Mass. Am. "Female Perversions" actress Karen Sillas on June 5 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; wife of Peter Stormare (1953-). English "Lullaby Spring", "For the Love of God", Am. wrestler-actor-writer ("The King of Hardcore") Michael Francis "Mick" Foley Sr. (AKA Mankind, Cactus Jack, Dude Love) on June 7 in Bloomington, Ind.; raised in Long Island, N.Y. English "The Golden Calf" artist Damien Steven Hirst on June 7 in Bristol; known for scenes with dead animals preserved in formaldehyde. German-Am. model-dancer (singer?) Robert "Rob" Pilatus (d. 1998) (Milli Vanilli) on June 8 in New York City; black father, white German mother; raised in Munich, Germany. English "Vanessa Kensington in Austin Powers" actress ("Hugh Grant's former girlfriend") Elizabeth Jane Hurley on June 10 in Backingstoke. Filipino-Am. musician-composer Joseph Alberto "Joey" Santiago (Pixies, Martinis) on June 10 in Manila; emigrates to the U.S. in 1972; educated at the U. of Mass. Am. "Audrey Weston in Strange Luck" actress Pamela Catherine Gidley (d. 2018) on June 11 in Methuen, Mass.; grows up in Salem, N.H. U.S. Rep. (D-Wash.) (1997-) David Adam Smith on June 15 in Washington, D.C.; grows up in SeaTac, Wash.; educated at Fordham U., and U. of Wash. Am. astronomer Andrea Mia Ghez on June 16 in New York City; educated at MIT, and Cal Tech.; 2020 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. Olympic speedskater Daniel Erwin "Dan" Jansen on June 17 in West Allis, Wisc. Am. "The Matrix" film dir. Laurence "Larry" Wachowski on June 21 in Chicago, Ill.; brother of Andy Wachowski (1967-). English rock musician Paul "Bonehead" Arthurs (Oasis) on June 23 in Burnage, Manchester. U.S. OMB dir. (2013-14) and HHS secy. #22 (2014-17) Sylvia Mary Mathews Burwell on June 23 in Hinton, W. Va.; educated at Harvard U., and Worcester College, Oxford U. English rock musician Saul Davies (James) on June 28. Am. "Susan Bunch in Friends, Gretchen Schwartz in Breaking Bad" actress Jessica Hecht on June 28 in Princeton, N.J. Am. 6'5" hall-of-fame basketball player (black) (Golden State Warriors #23, 1988-91) (Sacramento Kings #2, 1991-8) Mitchell James "Mitch" "the Rock" Richmond on June 30 in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.; educated at Kansas State U. U.S. HHS dir. #2 (2014-17), dir. of the OMB (2013-14), and White House deputy chief of staff for policy (1997-8) Sylvia Mary Mathews Burwell on June ? in Hinton, W. Va.; Greek immigrant grandparents; educated at Harvard U., and Oxford U. Am. musician Oren Bloedow (Elysian Fields) on July 3 in New York City. Danish "Meredith Kane in Boss", "Terri Fisher in Mission to Mars", "Lucilla in Gladiator" actress (Mormon) Connie Inge-Lise Nielsen on July 3 in Frederikshavn; grows up in Elling; speaks eight languages. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) Horace Junior "the General" Grant on July 4 in Augusta, Ga.; twin brother of Harvey Grant (1965-). Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) Harvey Grant on July 4 in Augusta, Ga.; twin brother of Horace Grant (1965-). Indian rock musician-publisher Amit "Papa Rock" Saigal (d. 2012) on July 6 in Allahabad. English "Notes on a Scandal" novelist Zoe Kte Hinde Heller on July 7 St. Pancras, North London; German Jewish immigrant father, English Quaker mother; brother of Bruno Heller; educated at St. Anne's College, Oxford, and Columbia U. Am. federal judge (Repub.) Thomas Michael Hardiman on July 8 in Winchester, Mass.; grows up in Waltham, Mass.; educated at the U. of Notre Dame, and Georgetown U. Am. actor Corey Parker on July 8 in New York City; stepson of Patrick Dempsey (1966-). Am. heavy metal bassist Frank "Frankie" Bello (Anthrax, Helmet) on July 9. Scottish "The District", "Mad Irishman Stephen in Braveheart" actor David O'Hara on July 9 in Glasgow. Am. civil right activist (gay) Anthony Romero on July 9 in New York City; Puerto Rico immigrant parents; raised in Bronx, N.Y.; educated at Princeton U., and Stanford U. Am. rock bassist Scott G. Shriner (Weezer) on July 11 in Toledo, Ohio. Am. actor Michael Jace on July 13. British Labour politician (Jewish) (atheist) David Wright Milliband on July 15 in London; son of Belgian-born Marxist Ralph Milliband (1924-94) and Polish Jewish immigrant Marion Kozak; brother of Ed Miliband (1969-); educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford U. Canadian 6'0" hockey player Claude Percy Lemieux on July16 in Buckingham, Quebec; no relation to Mario Lemieux. Am. arcade video game champ Billy L. Mitchell on July 16 in Holyoke, Mass. English rock guitarist (black) Slash (Saul Hudson) (Guns N'Roses, Velvet Revolver) on July 23 in Hampstead, London; English father (designs album covers), African-Am. mother. English rock musician Rob Dickinson (Catherine Wheel) on July 23; cousin of Bruce Dickinson (1958-). Am. "Cape Fear", "Grace of My Heart" actress Illeana Douglas (Hesselberg) on July 25 in Quincy, Mass.; paternal granddaughter of Melvyn Douglas (1901-81); paternal step-granddaughter of Helen Gahagan (1900-80). Am. "Fighting" dir.-writer-musician Orlandito "Dito" Montiel (Gutterboy) on July 26 in New York City. Am. "Ari Gold in Entourage" actor Jeremy Piven on July 26 in New York City; as a child performs in the Chicago theater of parents Byrne and Joyce with Ann, Joan, and John Cusack. Am. jazz musician (black) Delfeayo Marsalis on July 28 in New Orleans, La.; son of Ellis Marsalis Jr. (1934-); brother of Branford Marsalis (1960-), Wynton Marsalis (1961-), and Jason Marsalis (1977-). English "Harry Potter" billionaire welfare queen children's novelist Joanne Kathleen "Jo" "J.K." Rowling (pr. like rolling) (AKA Joanne Murray, Robert Galbraith) on July 31 in Yate, Gloucestershire (11 mi. NE of Bristol); choose middle initial K after her paternal grandmother; educated at the U. of Exeter; sells 400M copies - steals the souls of millions of Western kids? English "American Beauty" dir. (Jewish) Samuel Alexander "Sam" Mendes on Aug. 1 in Reading, Berkshire; Portuguese father, English Jewish mother. Swiss economist Beatrice Weder di Mauro on Aug. 3 in Basel; educated at the U. of Basel. Am. "Gone, Baby, Gone" novelist Dennis Lehane on Aug. 4 in Dorchester, Boston, Mass. English libertarian writer-journalist James Mark Court Delingpole on Aug. 6 in Alvechurch, Worcestershire; grows up near Bromsgrove, Worcestershire; educated at Malvern College, and Christ Church, Oxford U. Am. basketball hall-of-fame 7'1" center (black) (San Antonio Spurs #50, 1989-2003) David Maurice "the Admiral" Robinson on Aug. 6 in Key West, Fla.; part of the Twin Towers with Tim Duncan (1976-). Am.-South African "Madeleine Johnsten in Junebug", "Helen Hirsch in Schindler's List" actress Embeth Jean Davidtz on Aug. 11 in Lafayette, Ind.; South African parents; grows up in South Africa; educated at Rhodes U. Am. "Annalise Keating in How to Get Away with Murder" actress-producer (black) Viola Davis on Aug. 11 in St. Mathews, College; educated at Rhode Island College, and Juilliard School. Am. "Nate Fisher in Six Feet Under", "Nick George in Dirty Sexy Money", "Adam Braverman in Parenthood" actor Peter William Krause on Aug. 12 in Alexandria, Minn.; educated at Gustavus Adolphus College, and NYU. Am. rock drummer Deen Castronovo (Journey) on Aug. 17 in Westminster, Calif. English "What You See is What You Get" singer-songwriter (black) Glen Goldsmith on Aug. 17 in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. Am. rock drummer Steve Gorman (Black Crowes) on Aug. 17 in Muskegon, Mich. Am. golfer Dottie Pepper (Mochrie) on Aug. 17 in Saratoga Springs, N.Y. Portuguese "Fabienne in Pulp Fiction" actress-dir. Maria de Medeiros on Aug. 19 in Lisbon. Am. "Brenda Leigh Johnson in The Closer" actress (Jewish) Kyra (pr. KEE-rah) Minturn Sedgwick on Aug. 19 in New York City; Episcopalian father, Jewish mother; educated at Sarah Lawrence College, and USC; wife (1988-) of Kevin Bacon (1958-). Am. "Sarah Norman in Children of a Lesser God" actress (Jewish) (deaf) Marlee Beth Matlin on Aug. 24 in Morton Grove, Ill.; of Russian Jewish descent. Am. 6'7" basketball player (Indiana Pacers #31, 1987-2005) Reginald Wayne "Reggie" Miller on Aug. 24 in Riverside, Calif.; 2,560 3-pointers. Canadian "You're Still the One", "Come on Over" country singer Shania (Ojibwa "on my way") Twain (Eileen Regina Edwards) on Aug. 28 in Windsor, Ont.; Irish-French ancestry. Swiss "Agent Johnson in The Matrix" actor-dir. Daniel Bernhardt on Aug. 31 in Worblaufen. Am. "Possum Kingdom" grunge musician Vaden Danger Todd Lewis (Toadies) on Sept. 3 in Ft. Worth, Tex. Am. "Pvt. Chris Taylor in Platoon", "Bud Fox in Wall Street", "Charlie Harper in Two and a Half Men" actor Charlie Sheen (Carlos Irwin Estevez) (Estévez) on Sept. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif.; youngest son of Martin Sheen (1940-) and Janet Templeton; brother of Emilio Estevez (1962-), Ramon Luis Estevez (1963-), and Renee Estevez (1967-); brother of Emilio Estevez (1962-); husband of (19956) Donna Peele, (2002-6) Denise Richards (1971-), and (2008-11) Brooke Mueller (1977-). Iranian secy. of the supreme nat. security council (2007-) Saeed Jalili on Sept. 6 in Mashhad. Am. 6'6" basetball player-coach (white) (Phoenix Suns #9, 1998-95) Daniel Lewis "Dan" Majerle on Sept. 9 in Traverse City, Mich.; educated at Central Mich. U. Am. "Jennifer in Blame It on Rio" actress Michelle Johnson on Sept. 9 in Anchorage, Alaska. Syrian pres. (2000-) (Shiite Muslim) Bashar al-Assad on Sept. 11 in Damascus; son of Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000); brother of Bushra al-Assad (1960-); husband (2000-) of Asma al-Assad (1975-). Am. "Play" musician-composer Moby (Richard Melville Hall) on Sept. 11 in Harlem, N.Y.; nicknamed by his parents after Moby Dick. Am. Chipotle Mexican Grill founder Steve Ells on Sept. 12 in Indianapolis, Ind. Am. rock musician James Norwood Fisher (Fishbone) on Sept. 12; wears a single giant dreadlock "antenna". Am. poker player ("the Duchess of Poker") Annie Duke (Anne LaBarr Lederer) on Sept. 13 in Concord, N.H.; daughter of Richard Lederer (1938-); sister of Howard Lederer (1964-) and Katy Lederer; educated at Columbia U., and U. of Penn. Russian 5'4" pres. #3 (2008-12) and PM #12 (2012-) (first not to serve as an official of the Soviet Union) Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (Russ. "bear's") on Sept. 14 in Leningrad (St. Petersburg); baptized into the Orthodox Christian faith at age 23; fan of Deep Purple and J.K. Rowling. Am. "Gary Hobson in Early Edition", "Coach Eric Taylor in Friday Night Lights" actor Kyle Chandler on Sept. 17 in Buffalo, N.Y.; educated at the U. of Ga. Am. TV journalist JuJu Chang on Sept. 17 in Seoul, South Korea; educated at Stanford U.; wife of NBC News pres. Neal Shapiro. U.S Sen. (R-S.C.) (2013-) (black) Timothy Eugene "Tim" Scott on Sept. 19 in North Charleston, S.C.; educated at Presbyterian College, and Charleston Southern U. English "Dinner: Impossible" chef Robert P. Irvine on Sept. 24 in Salisbury; grows up in Wiltshire. Ukrainian pres. (2014-) ("Chocolate King") Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko on Sept. 26 in Bolhrad. British "Mahmud Nasir in The Infidel" actor-comedian Omid Djalili on Sept. 30 in London; Iranian immigrant parents. Am. actress-model (Jewish) ("Queen of the Internet") Cynthia Dawn "Cindy" Margolis on Oct. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Tonight Show announcer" "Stuttering" John Melendez on Oct. 4 in New York City; Puerto Rican father, Danish mother. Italian "Susanna in Rain Man", "Gina Piccolapupula in Big Top Pee-wee" actress Valeria Golino on Oct. 22 in Naples; German father, Greek mother; Egyptian-French grandmother. Canadian 6'4" hall-of-fame hockey player ("the Magnificent One") (Pittsburgh Penguins, 1984-97, 2000-6) Mario Lemieux on Oct. 5 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. "Zed in Pulp Fiction" actor Peter Greene on Oct. 8 in Montclair, N.J. Am. rock bassist C.J. Ramone (Christopher Joseph Ward) (Ramones) on Oct. 8 in Queens, N.Y. Am. "Igby Goes Down", "17 Again" actor-dir.-screenwriter Burr Gore Steers on Oct. 8 in Washington, D.C.; educated at NYU.; cousin of Louis Auchincloss; half-nephew of Gore Vidal and Jackie Kennedy. Am. rock musician Todd Park Mohr (Big Head Todd and The Monsters) on Oct. 19 in Denver, Colo.; of Korean and German descent; educated at Columbine H.S., Colo. State U., and U. of Colo. Am. "Footloose" actor Christopher Shannon "Chris" Penn (d. 2006) on Oct. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif.; brother of actor Sean Penn (1960-) and musician Michael Penn (1958-); son of TV dir. Leo Penn (1921-98) and actress Eileen Ryan (1928-). Am. "Young Indiana Jones" actor Sean Patrick Flanery on Oct. 11 in Lake Charles, La. English "Morgan Jones in The Walking Dead" actor (black) Lennie James on Oct. 11 in Nottingham; Afro-Trinidadian immigrant parents. Am. rocker Bob Schneider on Oct. 12 in Ypsilante, Mich.; raised in Munich, Germany. English "Alan Gordon Partridge" comedian-writer-producer Stephen John "Steve" Coogan on Oct. 14 in Alkrington (near Middleton), Greater Manchester; Irish Catholic parents. Am. golfer William Todd Hamilton on Oct. 18 in Galesburg, Ill. Indian Islamic televangelist Zakir Abdul Karim Naik on Oct. 18 in Mumbai. Am. rock singer-musician Todd Park Mohr (Big Head Todd and the Monsters) on Oct. 19. English "gagsta folk" singer-songwriter John Wesley Harding on Oct. 22 in Hastings, East Sussex. Am. "Running with Scissors" writer Augusten Xon Burroughs (Christopher Richter Robison) on Oct. 23 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Canadian "Kirsten Cohen in The O.C." actress Kelly Rowan on Oct. 26 in Ottawa, Ont. Am. "Blair in Less Than Zero", "Melissa Reeves in Twister" actress (Jewish) Jami Beth Gertz on Oct. 28 in Chicago, Ill.; grows up in Glenview, Ill. Canadian rock musician Peter Timmins (Cowboy Junkies) on Oct. 29. English grunge musician Gavin McGregor Rossdale (Bush) on Oct. 30 in London; Russian Jewish descent father of surname Rosenthal; husband (2002-) of Gwen Stefani (1969-). Am. "Outnumbered" Fox News TV journalist (black) Harris Kimberly Faulkner on Oct. ? in Ft. McPherson, Atlanta, Ga.; educated at UCSB. Am. mathematical physicist Eric Ross Weinstein on Oct. ? in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at the U. of Penn., and Harvard U. Indian "Deewana" Bollywood actor-producer Shahrukh Khan on Nov. 2 in New Delhi. Serbian pres. #7 (2001-4) Natasa Micic on Nov. 2 in Titovo Uzice. Am. "Paid in Full" hip hop singer DJ Eric Barrier (Eric B. & Rakim) on Nov. 8 in Queens, N.Y. Am. surgeon Atul Gawande on Nov. 5 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Indian immigrant parents; grows up to Athens, Ohio; educated at Stanford U., Balliol College, Oxford U., and Havard U. Am. Morris Worm computer scientist Robert Tappan Morris on Nov. 8; son of Robert Morris (1932-2011); educated at Cornell U., and Harvard U. Am. Repub. Fla. atty.-gen. #37 (2011-19) Pamela Jo "Pam" Bondi on Nov. 17 in Tampa, Fla.; educated at the U. of Fla. Canadian poet-writer Michael Crummey on Nov. 18 in Buchans, Newfoundland and Labrador. Am. rocker Tim DeLaughter (Tripping Daisy, Polyphonic Spree) on Nov. 18 in Dallas, Tex. Icelandic singer-songwriter-producer Bjork (Björk Gudmundsdottir) on Nov. 21 in Reykjavik. English "Dr. Julian Bashir in Star Trek: DS9" actor (Muslim) Alexander Siddig (Siddig El Tahir El Fadil El Siddig Aberrahman Mohammed Ahmed Abdel Karim El Mahdi) on Nov. 21 in Sudan; Sudanese father, English mother; maternal nephew of Malcolm McDowell (1943-); paternal nephew of Sadiq al-Mahdi (1936-); maternal nephew of Malcolm McDowell (1943-); husband (1997-2001) of Nana Visitor (1957-); educated at St. Lawrence College, Ramsgate, Ktn. Am. 6'3" hall-of-fame football wide receiver (black) (Minnesota Vikings #81, 1990-2001) Graduel Cristopher Darin "Cris" Carter on Nov. 25 in Troy, Ohio; educated at Ohio State U.; "All he does is catch touchdown passes." (Chris Berman) Am. blues singer-musician (black) Bernard Allison on Nov. 26 in Chicago, Ill.; son of Luther Allison (1939-97). Am. country singer-musician Steve Grisaffe on Nov. 26 in New Iberia, La. Scottish actor Stephen Dougray Scott on Nov. 26 in Glenrothes, Fife; husband (2007-) of Claire Forlani (1972-). English musician Wallis Lee Buchanan (Jamiroquai) on Nov. 29 in Crouch End, London. Am. actor-producer Neill Barry on Nov. 29 in New York City. Am. "Nurse Helga in Armageddon" actress-writer (black) Ellen Cleghorne on Nov. 29 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "There's Something About Mary", "Zoolander" actor-comedian-filmmaker (Jewish) Benjamin Edward Meara "Ben" Stiller on Nov. 30 in New York City; son of Jerry Stiller (1929-) and Anne Meara (1929-); brother of Amy Stiller (1961-). Spanish surgeon Pedro Cavadas on Nov. ? in Valencia. Am. "Eugene Young in The Practice" actor Steve Harris on Dec. 3 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Northern Ill. U. German figure skater Katarina "Kati" Witt on Dec. 3 in Staaken (near Berlin), East Germany. Am. rock singer-musician John Joseph Theodore "Johnny" Rzeznik (Polish "butcher") (Goo Goo Dolls) on Dec. 5 in Buffalo, N.Y. Am. "Felix Leiter in Quantum of Solace", "Beetee in The Hunger Games" actor (black) Jeffrey Wright on Dec. 7 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Amherst College, and NYU. Am. 5'8" basketball player-coach (black) (New York Liberty #11, 1997-2003) (La. Tech, 2008-14) Teresa Gaye "T-Spoon" Witherspoon on Dec. 8 in Pineland, Tex.; educated at La. Tech U. Am. The New Agenda leftist writer (Jewish) (feminist) Amy Siskind on Dec. 16 in Marblehead, Mass.; educated at Cornell U., and NYU. Am. "Leon in Curb Your Enthusiasm" comedian-actor (black) J.B. Smoove (Jerry Angelo Brooks) on Dec. 16 in Plymouth, N.C.; grows up in Mount Vernon, N.Y.; educated at Norfolk State U. Am. "Donnie the CBS Page Who Likes to Suck Up in The David Letterman Show" actor-comedian-producer Andrew Roane "Andy" Dick on Dec. 21 in Charleston, S.C.; born with the name Thomlinson, then adopted by Allen and Sue Dick - meet the Dicks? Am. rock musician Gabrielle "Gabby" Glaser (Luscious Jackson) on Dec. 21. Am. "Amanda Moyer in Ned & Stacey", "Susan in Delocated" actress Nadia Dajani on Dec. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif. Indian Bollywood actor Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on Dec. 27 in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Am. hockey stick graph climatologist Michael E. Mann on Dec. 28 in Amherst, Mass.; educated at UCB. Am. "Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)" rock musician Bryan Keith "Dexter" Holland (The Offspring) on Dec. 29 in Garden Grove, Calif. Am. "Hollywood Madam" (Jewish) (vegetarian) Heidi Lynne Fleiss on Dec. 30 in Los Feliz, Los Angeles, Calif. Chinese "Hatsumomo in Memoirs of a Geisha" actress Gong Li on Dec. 31 in Shenyang. Am. "Bush's Law", "The Nazis Next Door" journalist (Jewish) Eric Lichtblau on ? in Syracuse, N.Y.; educated at Cornell U. Am. "Message in a Bottle", "Nights in Rodanthe" novelist Nicholas Charles Sparks on Dec. 31 in Omaha, Neb.; educated at the U. of Notre Dame. Am. "Britney Spears Giving Birth" sculptor Daniel Edwards on ? in La Porte, Ind. Am. "The Biggest Loser blue team trainer" Robert "Bob" Harper on ? in Nashville, Tenn. Am. Repub. atty. (Roman Catholic) Leonard A. Leo on ? in Long Island, N.Y.; educated at Cornell U. Canadian economist Ross McKitrick on ? in ?; educated at the U. of B.C. Am. federal whistleblower protection program dir. (gay) Daniel P. Meyer on ? in ?. English "Young Stalin" historian Simon Sebag-Montefiore on ? in ?; educated at Harrow School, and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge U. Australian "Everyman's Rules for Scientific Living" novelist Carrie Tiffany on ? in West Yorkshire, England; grows up in Perth. English "The Book Against God" novelist-critic James Wood on ? in Durham; educated at Eton College, and Jesus College, Cambridge U. South African "Weeping" Soto singer-songwriter Vusi Sidney Mahlasela Ka Zwane in Lady Selbourne (near Pretoria). Deaths: Am. "Grand Old Man of Football" Amos Alonzo Stagg (b. 1862) on Feb. 17; U. of Chicago coach for 41 seasons (1892-1932), incl. five undefeated; won 314 games as a coach; introduced the huddle, man-in-motion, and the end-around play; inventor of the batting cage in baseball. French gen. Maxime Weygand (b. 1867) on Jan. 28 in Paris. Am. financier Bernard M. Baruch (b. 1870) on June 20/21 in New York City; Polish-born Am. cosmetics queen Helena Rubinstein (b. 1870) on Apr. 1 in New York City: "There are no ugly women, only lazy ones"; "Hard work keeps the wrinkles out of the mind and spirit." English lexicographer Charles Talbut Onions (b. 1873): "I battle noun scholars" - that makes me cry? Am. children's writer Thornton Burgess (b. 1874) on June 5 in Hampden, Mass. English PM (1940-5, 1951-5) Sir Winston Churchill (b. 1874) on Jan. 24 in London (stroke); 1953 Nobel Lit. Prize; voted greatest Briton of all time in a 2002 BBC poll; in 1958 Churchill College at Cambridge U. is founded in his honor: on Nov. 29, 1995 the new destroyer USS Winston S. Churchill is announced by Pres. Clinton; "The truth is incontrovertible. Malice may attack it, ignorance may deride it, but in the end, there it is"; "Only one thing in history is certain: that mankind is unteachable"; "History will be kind to me for I intend to write it"; "Mountaintops inspire leaders but valleys mature them"; "I have taken more out of alcohol than alcohol has taken out of me"; "I am always ready to learn although I do not always like being taught"; "An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile hoping it will eat him last"; "Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts"; "You will never reach your destination if you stop and throw stones at every dog that barks"; "We must never cease to proclaim in fearless tones the great principles of freedom and the rights of man which are the joint inheritance of the English-speaking world and which through Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights, the Habeus Corpus, trial by jury, and the English common law find their most famous expression in the American Declaration of Independence." "I contend that for a nation to try to tax itself into prosperity is like a man standing in a bucket and trying to lift himself up by the handle"; "Americans always do the right thing after they've tried everything else." English "Of Human Bondage" novelist W. Somerset Maugham (b. 1874) on Dec. 16 in Nice, France: "The tragedy of love is indifference"; "Only a mediocre person is always at his best." Am. physiologist Joseph Erlanger (b. 1874) on Dec. 5. Am. actor Henry Travers (b. 1874) on Oct. 18. South Korean pres. #1 (1948-60) Syngman Rhee (b. 1875) on July 19 in Honolulu, Hawaii. French (Alsatian) "reverence for life" humanitarian physician-musician-theologian Albert Schweitzer (b. 1875) on Sept. 4 in Lambarene, Gabon; 1952 Nobel Peace Prize: "There are two means of refuge from the miseries of life: music and cats." English actress Hutin Britton (b. 1876) on Sept. 3. Am. religious leader Father Divine (b. 1876) on Sept. 10 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. biographer Katharine Anthony (b. 1877) on Nov. 20 in New York City. Am. educator Virginia Gildersleeve (b. 1877) on July 7. Am. actress Mary Boland (b. 1880) on June 23 on June 23 in New York City. Austrian-Jewish philosopher Martin Buber (b. 1878) on June 13. Am. actress Louise Dresser (b. 1878) on Apr. 24 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Swiss-born Am. George Washington Bridge engineer Othmar Ammann (b. 1879) on Sept. 22. Italian-born Am. Watts Towers creator Simon Rodia (b. 1879) on July 17 in Martinez, Calif. Am. diplomat Joseph C. Grew (b. 1880) on May 25. Am. "Painted Meadows" novelist Sophie Kerr (b. 1880) on Feb. 6; bequeaths $500K to Washington College in Chestertown, Md. for writers. Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman (b. 1881) on July 13 in Chenu, Sarthe, France (Parkinson's). Am. ML baseball exec Branch Rickey (b. 1881) on Dec. 9; signed Jackie Robinson to the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, breaking the color barrier: "Luck is the residue of design." German polymer chemist Hermann Staudinger (b. 1881) on Sept. 8 in Freiburg; 1953 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. "The Store" novelist T.S. Stribling (b. 1881) on July 8 in Clifton, Tenn. Am. "foil to the Marx Brothers" actress Margaret Dumont (b. 1882) on Mar. 6. U.S. Supreme Court justice #79 (1939-62) Felix Frankfurter (b. 1882) on Feb. 22 in Washington, D.C.: "There is no inevitability in history except as men make it." Am. silent film actress Betty Harte (b. 1882) on Jan. 3 in Sundland, Calif. British aviation pioneer Sir Geoffrey de Havilland (b. 1882) on May 21 in Watford, Hertfordshire (cerebral hemorrhage). U.S. labor secy. #4 (1933-45) (under FDR) Frances Perkins (b. 1882) on May 14 in New York City. Polish cosmetics queen Helena Rubenstein (b. 1882) on Apr. 1. Portuguese adm. Jose Mendes Cabecadas (b. 1883) on June 11 in Lisbon. Am. painter-photographer Charles Sheeler (b. 1883) on May 7. French composer-conductor Edgar Varese (b. 1883) on Nov. 8 in New York City. Am. silent film actress Bessie Barriscale (b. 1884) on June 30 in Kentfield, Calif. Italian Gini Coefficient statistician Corrado Gini (b. 1884) on Mar. 13. Am. abstract painter Milton Avery (b. 1885) on Jan. 3 in New York City. Canadian "The Silver Chalice" novelist-journalist Thomas B. Costain (b. 1885) on Oct. 8 in New York City (heart attack). French auto racer Jules Boux (b. 1885) on Mar. 6 in Valentigney. Am. actor Tom Kennedy (b. 1885) on Oct. 6 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Calif. English actor Sydney Chaplin (b. 1885) on Apr. 16 in Nice, France; dies on his brother Charlie Chaplin's 76th birthday on Good Fri. Am. silent film actor Jack Hoxie (b. 1885) on Mar. 28 in Elkhart, Kan. Am. athlete Johnny Hayes (b. 1886) on Aug. 25 in Englewood, N.J. Am. "Tom and Jerry" producer Fred Quimby (b. 1886) on Sept. 16 in Santa Monica, Calif. Japanese writer Junichiro Tanizaki (b. 1886) on July 30 in Yugawara, Kanagawa (heart attack). German-born Am. theologian Paul Tillich (b. 1886) on Oct. 22 in Chicago, Ill.: "The first duty of love is to listen." Swiss-born French #1 architect Le Corbusier (b. 1887) on Aug. 27 in Roquebrue-Cap-Martin (heart attack while swimming); dies after designing the entire city of Chandigarh, India. Canadian Gen. Harry Crerar (b. 1888) on Apr. 1 in Ottawa, Ont. Am.-born British poet-playwright-critic T.S. Eliot (b. 1888) on Jan. 4; 1948 Nobel Lit. Prize: "Those who say they give the public what it wants begin by underestimating public taste and end by debauching it"; "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons"; "Immature poets imitate; mature poets steal." Am. inventor John Hays Hammond Jr. (b. 1888) on Feb. 12 in New York City. British deputy PM (1945-51) Herbert Morrison (b. 1888) on Mar. 6 in Peckham, South London. Am. historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr. (b. 1888) on Oct. 30 in Boston, Mass. U.S. vice-pres. #33 (1941-5) Henry A. Wallace (b. 1888) on Nov. 18. Am. "Lt. Tragg in Perry Mason" actor Ray Collins (b. 1889) on July 11 (emphysema). U.S. Gen. Delos Carleton Emmons (b. 1889) on Oct. 3. Am. "Girl with the Bee-Stung Lips" actress Mae Murray (b. 1889) on Mar. 23 in Woodland Hills, Calif. U.S. Sen. (D-Hi.) (1959-62) Oren E. Long (b. 1889) on May 6 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Welsh novelist Howard Spring (b. 1889) on May 3. English pianist Dame Myra Hess (b. 1890) on Nov. 25. English "Laurel and Hardy" comedian Stan Laurel (b. 1890) on Feb. 23 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. "Skylark", "Lensman" sci-fi writer E.E. "Doc" Smith (b. 1890) on Aug. 31 in Seaside, Ore. Am. "I'm Always Chasing Rainbows" composer Harry Tierney (b. 1890) on Mar. 22 in New Rochelle, N.Y. Am. DC Comics founder Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson (b. 1890) on ? in Long Island, N.Y. Germanborn Am. UFO abductee George Adamski (b. 1891) on Apr. 23 in Silver Spring, Md. (heart attack). Am. psychologist Bruno Furst (b. 1891) on Feb. 17. Am. anti-Communist writer Benjamin Gitlow (b. 1891) on July 19 in Crompond, N.Y. Puerto Rican composer Rafael Hernandez (b. 1891) on Dec. 11 (cancer); wrote 3K+ songs. English physicist Sir Edward Victor Appleton (b. 1892) on Apr. 21 in Edinburgh, Scotland; 1947 Nobel Physics Prize. Canadian biochemist James Bertram Collip (b. 1892); 1923 Medicine Prize. Iraqi PM (1930, 1940-1) Rashid Ali al-Gaylani (b. 1892) on Aug. 28 in Beirut, Lebanon. Am. legislator Crystal Bird Fauset (b. 1894) on Mar. 27 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. humanitarian UNICEF exec. dir. (1947-65) Maurice Pate (b. 1894) on Jan. 19 in Manhattan, N.Y. (heart attack). Israeli PM (1953-5) Moshe Sharett (b. 1894) on July 7. Am. Depression-era photographer Dorothea Lange (b. 1895) on Oct. 11. Am. writer Muna Lee (b. 1895) on Apr. 3 in San Juan, Puerto Rico (lung cancer). Am. physician Philip Showalter Hench (b. 1896) on Mar. 30; 1950 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. writer Dawn Powell (b. 1896) on Nov. 14 in New York City (colon cancer); donates her body to the Cornell Medical Center, which later buries what's left on Hart Island, N.Y.: "A novel must be a rich forest known at the start only by instinct"; "Satire is people as they are; romanticism, people as they would like to be; realism, people as they seem with their insides left out." Am. poet Joseph Auslander (b. 1897) on June 22 in Coral Gables, Fla. Am. "tone cluster" composer Henry Dixon Cowell (b. 1897) on Dec. 10 in Shady, N.Y. Am. mathematician Jesse Douglas (b. 1897) on Sept. 7 in New York City. Irish aviation pioneer James Fitzmaurice (b. 1898) on Sept. 26 in Dublin. Am. Green Bay Packers coach (1921-49) Curley Lambeau (b. 1898) on June 1; the 1957 Green Bay Packers City Stadium is renamed Lambeau Field in Sept. French poet-playwright Jacques Audiberti (b. 1899) on July 9 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Swedish DDT chemist Paul Hermann Muller (b. 1899) on Oct. 12. English pharmacologist Sir John Henry Gaddum (b. 1900) on June 30. U.S. ambassador Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (b. 1900) on July 14 in London; heart attack in Grosvenor Square while walking with Marietta Tree after telling her "Do not walk quite so fast... and do hold you head up, Marietta"; a copy of the 1927 poem Desiderata by Am. poet Max Ehrmann (1872-1945) is found by his bed, becoming famous. Tonga queen (1918-65) Salote Tupou III (b. 1900) on Dec. 16. Am. TV inventor Allen Balcom DuMont (b. 1901) on Nov. 14 in Montclair, N.J. Romanian dictator (1948-65) Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (b. 1901) on Mar. 19 in Bucharest. Chinese opera singer Lee Hoi-chuen (b. 1901) on Feb. 7 in Hong Kong; father of Bruce Lee (1940-73). Am. Notre Dame U. football player Harry Stuhldreher (1901) on Jan. 26 in Pittsburgh, Penn. German Muslim convert Johann von Leers (b. 1902) on Mar. 5 in Cairo, Egypt. Am. "Gone With the Wind" film producer David O. Selznick (b. 1902) on June 22 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack): "Very few people have mastered the art of enjoying their wealth. I have... and therefore I spend my time enjoying myself"; "Once photographed, life here [Hollywood] is ended"; "It's somehow symbolic of Hollywood that Tara was just a facade, with no rooms inside." Swedish-born Sunbeam Co. inventor Ivar Jepson (b. 1903). Am. actress-singer Jeanette MacDonald (b. 1903) on Jan. 14 in Houston, Tex. (heart failure). Am. stunt pilot Paul Mantz (b. 1903) on July 8; killed in an airplane crash while making the film "The Flight of the Phoenix". Am. "Marian Kerby in Topper" actress Constance Bennett (b. 1904) on July 24 in Ft. Dix, N.J. Am. lit. critic R.P. Blackmur (b. 1904) on Feb. 2 in Princeton, N.J. Polish economist Oskar R. Lange (b. 1904) on Oct. 2 in London, England. Am. actress Clara Bow (b. 1905) on Sept. 26. Am. sculptor David Smith (b. 1906) on May 23 in Albany, N.Y. English Olympic runner Tommy Hampson (b. 1907) on Sept. 4 in Stevenage, Hertfordshire. Am. broadcast journalist Edward R. Murrow (b. 1908) on Apr. 27 in Pawling, N.Y. (lung cancer): "Everyone is a prisoner of his own experiences. No one can eliminate prejudices, just recognize them"; "Most of us probably feel we couldn't be free without newspapers, and that is the real reason we want the newspapers to be free"; "No one can terrorize a whole nation, unless we are all his accomplices." Dominican playboy Porfirio Rubirosa (b. 1909) on July 5 in Bois de Boulogne, Paris; crashes his Ferrari after celebrating winning the Coupe de France polo cup. Am. evangelist William Marrion Branham (b. 1909) on Dec. 24 in Amarillo, Tex.; dies from an auto accident on Dec. 18. Am. CIA exec Frank Wisner (b. 1909) on Oct. 29 in Md. (suicide). Swiss Albert Einstein's schizo son Eduard Einstein (b. 1910) on Oct. 25 in the famous Burgholzli Asylum in Austria. Am. bandleader Spike Jones (b. 1911) on May 1 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (emphysema). Am. actor John Larkin (b. 1912) on Jan. 29 in North Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack). English journalist Richard Dimbleby (b. 1913) on Dec. 22 in London (cancer); dies after getting embarrassed by muttering "Jesus wept" into a live microphone during a visit of the queen to West Berlin. Am. journalist and "What's My Line?" panelist Dorothy Mae Kilgallen (b. 1913) on Nov. 8 in Manattan, N.Y. (heart attack); found dead in her townhouse clutching the book "The Honey Badger" by Robert Ruark (1915-65), which she had finished weeks earlier; her blood contained alcohol and Seconal; cause of death is given as "undetermined"; her criticism of the Warren Commission and hiding of her sources causes speculation that the JFK conspirators killed her. Austrian composer Friedrich Wildgans (b. 1913) on Nov. 7 in Modling. Am. country musician Cecil Brower (b. 1914) on Nov. 21 in New York City (perforated ulcer). Am. writer Randall Jarrell (b. 1914) on Oct. 15 in Chapel Hill, N.C. (hit by car while walking on a country road). Am. screenwriter Arnold Manoff (b. 1914) on Feb. 10 in New York City. Am. actor Zachary Scott (b. 1914) on Oct. 3 in Austin, Tex. (brain tumor). Am. travel writer Robert Ruark (b. 1915) on July 1 in London, England. Am. "The Haunting of Hill House" horror novelist Shirley Jackson (b. 1914) on Aug. 8 in Bennington, Vt. (heart failure) - the good die young? Am. "Fail-Safe" writer Eugene Burdick (b. 1918) on July 26 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. entertainer Nat King Cole (b. 1919) on Feb. 15 in Santa Monica, Calif. (lung cancer); "I think I've finally got this cancer licked" (radio interview on Feb. 14). Egyptian 300 lb. king (1936-52) Farouk I (b. 1920) on Mar. 18 in Rome, Italy (exile); dies at the dinner table in a restaurant after a pig-out meal; "Queenie, do you know your son is farouking Egypt?" (Red Skelton to his mother?). Am. disc jockey Alan Freed (b. 1921) on Jan. 20 in Palm Springs, Calif. (alcoholism). Am. "It Should Happen to You" actress Judy Holliday (b. 1921) on June 7 in New York City (breast cancer): "I've always loved words. I ate up all the books I could get my hands on, and when I couldn't get books, I read candy wrappers and labels on cereal and toothpaste boxes." British writer W. Stanley Moss (b. 1921) on Aug. 9 in Kingston, Jamaica. Am. actress Linda Darnell (b. 1923) on Apr. 10 in Glenview, Ill. (house fire). Iranian PM #69 (1964-5) Hassan Ali Mansur (b. 1923) on Jan. 27 in Iran (assassinated by 17-y.-o. Mohammad Bokharaei of Fadai'iyan-e Islam). Am. Bell Labs information scientist John Larry Kelly Jr. (b. 1923) in New York City. Am. country singer Ira Louvin (b. 1924) on June 20 in Williamsburg, Mo. (auto accident). Chinese-born Am. civil rights activist Wing Luke (b. 1925) on May 16 in Okanogan County, Wash. (airplane crash). Am. Black Muslim leader Malcolm X (b. 1925) on Feb. 21 in Harlem, N.Y. (assassinated); the funeral is held on Feb. 27 in the Faith Temple Church of God in Christ (formerly the Bluebird Theater) at W 147th St. and Amsterdam Ave. in Harlem, N.Y., with speakers incl. Ossie Davis: "Just as a tree without roots is dead, a people without history or culture also becomes a dead people"; "A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything"; "The love of liberty is the love of others; the love of power is the love of ourselves"; "The media's the most powerful entity on Earth. They have the power to make the innocent look guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that's power. Because they control the mind of the masses"; "The white liberals, who have been posing as our friends, have failed us. The white liberal is the worst enemy to America, and the worst enemy to the black man"; "The white liberal differs from the white conservative only in one way: The liberal is more deceitful than the conservative. Both want power, but the white liberal is the one who has perfected the art of posing as the Negro's friend and benefactor"; "White liberals are those who have perfected the art of selling themselves to the black man as our ‘friend' to get our sympathy, our allegiance and our minds. The white liberal attempts to use us politically against white conservatives, so that anything the black man does is never for his own good, never for his advancement, never for his own progress, he's only a pawn in the hands of the white liberal"; "I only cite these things to show you that in America the history of white liberal has been nothing but a series of trickery designed to make us think that the white liberal was going to solve our problems. Our problems will never be solved by the white liberal. The only way that our problems will be solved is when the black man wakes up, cleans himself up, stands on his own two feet, stops begging the white liberal and takes immediate steps to do for ourselves the things that we have been waiting on the white liberal to do for us"; "If the Negro wasn't taken, tricked, or deceived by the white liberal than Negroes would get together and solve our own problems. I only cite these things to show you that in America the history of the white liberal has been nothing but a series of trickery designed to make Negroes think that the white liberal was going to solve our problems"; "The Democrats are playing you for a political chump and if you vote for them, not only are you a chump, you are a traitor to your race." Am. San Francisco gay poet Jack Spicer (b. 1925) on Aug. 17 in San Francisco, Calif. (alcoholism); last words: "My vocabulary did this to me. Your love will let you go on" - might as well face it you're addicted to love? Am. playground dir. Holcombe Rucker (b. 1926) (cancer). Am. Universalist Unitarian minister James J. Reeb (b. 1927) on Mar. 11 in Selma, Ala.; died of brain injuries from vicious white supremacists. Am. "A Raisin in the Sun" dramatist Lorraine Hansberry (b. 1930) on Jan. 12 in New York City (pancreatic cancer). Am. folk singer Peter La Farge (b. 1931) on Oct. 27 in New York City (Thorazine OD?). Am. Roy Roger's palomino horse Trigger (b. 1934) on July 3 in Hidden Hills, Calif.; stuffed and put on display at Roy's Double R-Bar Ranch near Victorville in Apple Valley, Calif.
1966 Doomsday Clock: 12 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Horse (Jan. 21) (2nd luckiest year after Dragon); it's actually Fiery Horse, causing the birthrate in Japan to drop from 19.3 to 14 per thousand from fear that girls born this year will grow up to destroy their husbands, rebounding next year, then bottoming out at 13.66 in 1980; meanwhile the Cultural Rev. causes the nat. birth control campaign to slide, resulting in Chinese birthrates of 38-43 per thousand. Time Man (People) of the Year: Twenty-Five and Under. At the beginning of the year U.S. troop levels in Vietnam are 184,300; 90K South Vietnamese soldiers deserted last year, while 35K North Vietnamese soldiers infiltrated to the S along the Ho Ho Ho Chi Minh Trail; up to 50% of the South Vietnamese countryside is under some degree of Viet Cong control. Most popular U.S. baby names: Michael, Lisa; the male baby name Thomas, long in the top 8-9, begins to tank, reaching #51 by 2006. A new Death of God Theology rocks Protestant churches even more than the Secular Theology of the early 1960s. The British Music Aftershock in the U.S. begins (ends 1970), with more psychedelic groups incl. The Moody Blues, Jethro Tull, and Led Zeppelin. Early in the year Pres. Johnson decides not to raise taxes even though the Vietnam War will cost $27B this year, causing a $23B deficit; New York Times correspondent Edwin Dale Jr. (1924-99) calls this the single most irresponsible pres. act in his 15 years of covering Washington, D.C. Early in the year New Orleans district atty. (1961-73) Earling Carothers "Jim" Garrison (1921-92) begins an independent inquiry into the JFK assassination from a conspiracy angle, claiming in Feb. "My staff and I solved the assassination weeks ago"; Canadian Jewish comedian Mort Sahl (1927-), a friend of JFK who hurt his career by criticizing his policies joins Garrison's staff, hurting his career worse?; Garrison connects the assassination to gay pilot David William Ferrie (1918-67), who suffers from alopecia and wears bright red wigs and painted eyebrows; too bad, he is found dead in the Fontainebleu Hotel in New Orleans before he can testify, after which gay New Orleans businessman Clay Laverne Shaw (1913-74) (AKA Clay Bertrand) is arrested within days and tried on Jan. 29, 1969 for conspiracy to kill JFK; Garrison links Shaw to Permindex (Permanent Industrial Expositions), a CIA front co. founded in 1958 by Canadian Jewish atty. Louis Mortimer Bloomfield (1906-84), that was also implicated in the 1962 assassination attempt on Charles de Gaulle; too bad, a jury takes less than an hour to acquit Shaw on Mar. 1, 1969; Garrison's maybe-valiant-maybe-paranoid work is made hay of in the 1991 film JFK by dir. Oliver Stone (1946-), which is widely criticized. On Jan. 1 UCLA defeats Michigan State by 14-12 to win the 1966 Rose Bowl. The Give Peace in Vietnam a Chance Month fizzles in Johnson's napalm? On Jan. 1 the rocked-up version of The Sound of Silence, by New York Jewish singers Paul Frederic Simon (1941-) and Arthur Ira "Art" Garfunkel (1941-) reaches #1 on the U.S. Hit Parade, causing them to scrap plans to call it quits after their first folksy version bombs - the perfect song for millions of teenies and college kids to listen to in their clean, safe, lonely bedrooms while mommy and daddy are humping down the hall? On Jan. 1 New York City-born liberal Repub. John Vliet Lindsay (1921-2000) becomes New York City mayor #103 (until Dec. 31, 1973), succeeding Dem. mayor (since Jan. 1, 1954) Robert F. Wagner Jr., issuing the following soundbyte in the Jan. 13, 1967 New York Times: "The miniskirt enables young ladies to run faster, and because of it, they may have to"; conservative former CIA agent and Nat Review mag. founder (1955) William Frank (Francis) Buckley Jr. (1925-2008), known for his chipmunk face with arching eyebrows and a darting tongue often compared with an anteater (who denounced the John Birch Society in 1965 as lunatic fringers) ran against him, taking 13.4% of the vote away from his Dem. challenger Abe Beame after uttering the soundbyte that if he won the election he'd demand a recount; on Jan. 2 the Transport Workers Union of Am. (TWU), led by Irish-born (ex-Communist) Michael Joseph "Red Mike" Quill (1905-66) (who calls Lindsey "Linsley") goes on strike, shutting down subway and bus service for 12 days until Lindsay obtains an injunction and gets Quill and seven others cited for contempt of court, at which Quill announces "The judge can drop dead in his black robes", after which he himself dies of a heart attack in jail three days after the strike ends. On Jan. 1 by law all cigarette packs in the U.S. begin carrying the warning "Caution! Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health". On Jan. 1 a bloodless coup in the Central African Repub. (CAR) sees gourmet cannibal defense minister Col. Jean-Bedel (Jean-Bédel) Bokassa (1921-96) overthrow his cousin David Dacko with French backing after they get pissed at Dacko's wacko ties with Red China, abolishing the 1959 constitution and setting up a dictatorship (until Sept. 20, 1979). On Jan. 1 during the 37-day truce, Pope Paul VI issues an encyclical asking for an end to hostilities in Southeast Asia. On Jan. 2 U.S. soldiers move into the Mekong Delta of Vietnam for the first time. On Jan. 2 the first (openly) Jewish child is born in Spain since the 1492 expulsion. On Jan. 3 Cambodia warns the U.N. of retaliation unless the U.S. and South Vietnam end their intrusions. On Jan. 3 the first Acid Test is conducted at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco, Calif. On Jan. 3 after a nationwide syndicalist strike, pres. (since 1960) Maurice Yameogo of Upper Volta is deposed by a military coup led by Maj. Gen. Aboubakar Sangoule (Sangoulé) Lamizana (1916-2005), who dissolves the nat. assembly and suspends the constitution, becoming pres. #2 of Upper Volta (until Nov. 25, 1980); a new constitution is adopted later in the year, and a new nat. assembly elected. On Jan. 4 a gas leak fire at the Feyzin Oil Refinery near Lyon, France kills 18 and injures 84. On Jan. 4 former "Bedtime for Bonzo" B-movie actor and "Death Valley Days" host Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) (who supported Barry Goldwater in 1964) announces his candidacy for Repub. gov. of Calif., promising to "clean up the mess in" Bonzo, er, "Berkeley"; his press secy. is Calif.-born journalist Franklyn C. "Lyn" Nofziger (1924-2006); on Jan. 9 he appears on Meet the Press and is asked why he has not disavowed the John Bonzo, er, Birch Society, replying that a committee had looked into the group and found Bonzo, er, "nothing of a subversive nature". On Jan. 4-10 Indian PM Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani pres. Ayub Khan meet in Moscow under the auspices of Soviet PM Alexei Kosygin, and on Jan. 10 sign the Tashkent Agreement over Kashmir in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, agreeing to withdraw troops to the Aug. 1965 lines and restore diplomatic relations, and promising a peaceful discussion of the problems without specifics; too bad, India fails to renounce guerrilla warfare; on Jan. 11 Shastri dies of a heart attack in Tashkent, and on Jan. 19 Mrs. Indira Gandhi (nee Nehru) (1917-84), daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru is elected PM and head of the Congress Party, taking office as PM #3 of ndia on Jan. 24 (until Mar. 24, 1977); meanwhile India suffers the worst famine in 20 years after crops fail in Bihar, and U.S. Pres. Johnson asks Congress for $1B to aid them, exporting 8M tons of wheat, which pisses-off rice-eaters in Karala State, who stage protests; meanwhile world food production lags 2% behind last year; too bad, after U.S. agricultural secy. Orville H. Freeman urges farmers to plant huge crops, and 6M tons of wheat are shipped to India (whose 1965 crop was 12.3M metric tons), farm prices fall next year, pissing-off farmers, although 10K receive $20K+ in subsidies, 6.5K receive $25K+, 15 receive $500K+, and five get $1M+ - go girl, you should write a book? On Jan. 7 a delegation from the Soviet Union in Hanoi expresses solidarity and wishes their Commie bro's an early V over the pesky Yankee imperialists in South Vietnam. On Jan. 7-13 the U.S. launches Operation Crimp (Buckskin) with 8K troops (largest operation so far), targeting the Viet Cong HQ for the Saigon sector in the district of Chu Chi, which is laced with tunnels, starting with a B-52 bombing raid that turns the landscape into a lunar wasteland; too bad, they don't make a dent on the tunnels, which continue to be used throughout the war, ensuring a U.S. defeat, despite the enlistment of "tunnel rats" to go after the "gooks" mano a mano. On Jan. 9 Snoopy, dressed as a WWI flying ace goes looking for the Red Baron for the first time in the Peanuts comic strip series; the Snoopy balloon enters the 1968 Macy's Parade. On Jan. 10 a meeting of Commonwealth heads of govt. in Lagos, Nigeria on pesky Rhodesia condemns its "political system based on racial discrimination" as "an outrageous violation of the fundamental principles of human rights" that is of "wider concern to Africa, the Commonwealth and the world", after which a committee is set up to monitor it. On Jan. 10 Nashville, Tenn.-born black activist Horace Julian Bond (1940-2015) is denied his seat in the Ga. legislature for opposing the Vietnam War; in 1968 he becomes the first black Dem. candidate for U.S. vice pres. On Jan. 10 civil rights activist Vernon Ferdinand Dahmer Sr. (b. 1908) (pr. DAY-mer) is killed by KKK members who firebomb his grocery store after he allows fellow blacks to pay their poll taxes at his store; 13 KKK members are charged, incl. imperial wizard Samuel Holloway "Sam" Bowers (1924-2006), is put on trial for it 5x before being convicted on Aug. 21, 1998 and sentenced to life in prison; only two others are convicted of murder and one of arson, and none serve more than 10 years. On Jan. 11 an act is passed in Ceylon allowing more extensive use of the minority Tamil language in the N and E provinces, despite violent opposition by Sinhalese factions; meanwhile in May the First World Buddhist Sangha (Community) Council is held in Colombo to iron out differences. On Jan. 11 the first uncatchable Mach 3 Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird (AKA Habu) spy plane goes into service at Beale AFB, Calif. (founded 1943); designed by Clarence Leonard "Kelly" Johnson (1910-90), 32 aircraft are built before it goes out of service in 1998, with 12 of them destroyed, but none lost in enemy action. On Jan. 12 LBJ's Third State of the Union Address claims that the U.S. should stay in Vietnam until Communist aggression there is ended, and that the U.S. could have both "guns and butter", admitting that this war is unlike anything the U.S. has faced before, but adding the soundbyte "Yet, finally, war is always the same. It is young men dying in the fullness of their promise. It is trying to kill a man that you do not even know well enough to hate... Therefore, to know war is to know that there is still madness in this world"; draft quotas are raised 10x (from 5K in 1965), causing the anti-Vietnam War protest to escalate 100x? - God you remind me of myself when I was your age? Speaking of tongue-in-cheek? On Jan. 12 the tongue-in-cheek series Batman, starring Walla Walla, Wash.-born Adam West (William West Anderson) (1928-2017) (after Lyle Waggoner is passed over) as Batman the Caped Crusader, and Burt Ward (Bert John Gervis Jr.) (1945-) as Robin the Boy Wonder debuts on ABC-TV for 120 biweekly episodes (until Mar. 14, 1968) (weekly in the 3rd and last season); disgraced TV game show host Jack Barry plays a newsman in the debut episode; recurring villains incl. Cesar Julio Romero Jr. 91907-94) as the Joker, Oliver Burgess Meredith (1907-97) as the Penguin, Frank John Gorshin Jr. (1933-2005) as the Riddler, and Julie Newmar (Julia Chalene Newmeyer) (1933-) as the Catwoman; too bad, although popular, it's too expensive to make, and loses money, ending in cancellation; the Batusi dance becomes a craze - he said one billion, not one batman with a burt ward? On Jan. 13 Robert Clifton Weaver (1907-97) becomes the first African-Am. to hold a U.S. cabinet post as Pres. Johnson appoints him head of the new U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) (until Dec. 18, 1968). On Jan. 14 after the transit strike causes too much congestion, Fifth Ave. in New York City becomes 1-way southbound, pissing-off Tiffany & Co. pres. (1955-80) Walter Hoving (1897-1989), who calls it a "superhighway"; Madison Ave. becomes 1-way northbound; meanwhile on July 5 transit fares jump for the first time since 1953, from 15 cents to 20 cents (30 cents in 1970). On Jan. 15-16 a violent military coup in Nigeria establishes a military dictatorship under maj.-gen. Johnson Thomas Umunnakwe Aguiyi-Ironsi (1924-66), an Ibo from the E; on Jan. 15 PM (since 1959) Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (b. 1912) is killed in the coup; on July 23 Katangese troops begin a revolt in Stanleyville in support of exiled minister Moise Tshombe, lasting several weeks; on July 29 Aquiyi-Ironsi is overthrown and executed, and on Aug. 1 Lt. Col. Yakubu Dan-Yumma "Jack" Gowon (1934-) from the Christian N (a lucky neutral who is neither a Muslim, Hausa or Fulani) becomes pres. #3 of Nigeria (until July 29, 1975). On Jan. 17 a U.S. B-52 bomber carrying four unarmed H-bombs has a midair collision with a KC-135 Stratotanker over Palomares, Spain, crashing off the Spanish coast; three bombs are quickly recovered because they drop on land, but the 4th isn't located until Mar. 17 by the midget U.S. sub DSV Alvin, and recovered intact on Apr. 7 by the same ship that later discovers the Titanic; on Jan. 17 Carl Maxie Brashear (1931-2006), the first African-Am. U.S. Navy diver is involved in an accident during recovery operations, resulting in a leg being amputated; on Apr. 1, 1968 he becomes the first amputee certified to make diving missions, culminating a long battle with the Navy brass - didn't I see that on Batman? On Jan. 18 8K more U.S. soldiers arrive in Vietnam, bringing the total to 190K. On Jan. 18 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. climbs over 1K for the first time; in July 1983 after the economic hits taken by the U.S., the Dow hits a low of just below 800, which is 60% less counting for inflation. On Jan. 20 demonstrations are held in Hungary over high food prices - I got paprika but no chicken? On Jan. 20 the Merry Prankster organizes the Trips Festival at the San Francisco Longshoremen's Hall, consisting of three days of LSD-soaked music and partying. On Jan. 21 Italian PM (since 1963) Aldo Moro resigns after a power struggle in his party, then makes up and returns (until June 24, 1968). On Jan. 22 the Muslim insurgent group Chad Nat. Liberation Front (FROLINAT) is founded in Sudan, later starting the Chadian Civil War in 1979-82. On Jan. 24 Air India Flight 101 crashes into Mont Blanc en route to Vienna, killing 117, incl. Indian Atomic Energy Commission chmn. Homi Jehangir Bhabha (b. 1909). On Jan. 24-Mar. 6 Operation Masher (later changed to Operation White Wing by LBJ for PR purposes), starting on Jan. 28 with the Battle of Bong Son (ends Feb. 12) in the Bon Son Plain in coastal South Vietnam becomes the first large-scale U.S. search-and-destroy operation against the pesky Viet Cong and NVA, featuring the Apocalypse Now 1st Air Cav whooping it up, killing 1,342 Commies vs. 228 Yanks killed and 788 wounded; too bad, the main goal ends up as often-inflated body counts of Commies, ensuring that the top brass never knows what's really going on; "Furthermore, as the only 'indicator of progress,' it suggested that death and destruction had some absolute value in terms of winning the war. That the enemy might continue to recruit, rearm, and rebuild (often with the help of people enraged by the American destruction) did not seem to enter into the calculations." (Frances FitzGerald). On Jan. 25 Japanese PM Eisaku announces an internat. peace mission to Vietnam. On Jan. 25 Pres. Johnson appoints NAACP atty. Constance Baker Motley (1921-2005) to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of N.Y. at the urging of Sen. Robert Kennedy, with the support of Repub. N.Y. Sen. Jacob K. Javits, becoming the first African-Am. woman federal judge; her long civil rights record incl. jail time with Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68), direction of James Meredith's U. of Miss. campaign and Autherine Lucy's U. of Ala. campaign; she helped write the briefs for the Brown v. Board of Ed. case, and was the first black woman to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court, winning 9 of 10 cases; a motley crew of 1,469 blacks now hold public office in the U.S. On Jan. 26 Australian Liberal PM (since Dec. 19, 1949, also Apr. 26, 1939-Aug. 26, 1941) Sir Robert Gordon Menzies retires after a total of 18 years 5 mo. and 12 days in office (a record until ?), and Liberal Party treasurer Harold Edward Holt (1908-67) becomes PM #17 of Australia (until Dec. 17, 1967), becoming known for his soundbyte "All the way with LBJ" as he ramps up Australian involvement in the Vietnam War. On Jan. 26 the three white Beaumont Children (ages 4-9) disappear from a beach near Adelaide en route to Glenelg, South Australia, and are never seen again despite the largest police investigation in Australian history, becoming one of their biggest embarrassments. On Jan. 27 the British govt. promises the U.S. that British troops will stay in Malaysia as long as needed to ensure peace with pesky Indonesia. On Jan. 27-31 a snowstorm in Lake Oswego, N.Y. and the N.E. U.S. kills 165. On Jan. 31 Britain ceases all trade with Rhodesia. On Jan. 31 after Hanoi fails to respond to LBJ's peace overtures, U.S. planes resume bombing of North Vietnam after a 37-day pause (Dec. 25), causing Sen. Robert F. Kennedy to criticize him, saying that the U.S. may be headed "on a road from which there is no turning back, a road that leads to catastrophe for all mankind". In Jan. France severs diplomatic relations with Morocco after the Ben Barka affair. In Jan. the Johnson admin. abolishes automatic student deferment from the draft, inflaming college student anger against the war, causing 300 new SDS chapters to be formed on U.S. college campuses, and causing education-loving Senate Foreign Relations Committee chmn. James William Fulbright (1905-95) on Jan. 28 to challenge the legality of U.S. military intervention in Vietnam and hold televised hearings in Feb., during which U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara states that the U.S. objectives are "not to destroy or overthrow the Communist government of North Vietnam. They are limited to the destruction of the insurrection and aggression directed by North Vietnamese against the political institutions of South Vietnam" - he's fully bright? In Jan. the BBC-TV documentary A Boy Called Donovan is aired, showing him and his friends smoking pot, causing him to become the first high-profile British pop star to be arrested for marijuana possession in June, and keeping him from being able to enter the U.S. until late 1967; News of the World reporters go on to interview rock stars and rat them out to the pigs, causing the later arrest of Keith Richards and Mick Jagger. In Jan. Milton Bradley begins marketing Twister (originally Pretzel), the first game to use humans as playing pieces ("sex in a box"), invented by in-store display designer Reynolds Windsor "Reyn" Guyer (1935-) for a promotion for S.C. Johnson; on May 3 the game is featured on Johnny Carson's Tonight Show, played by Johnny and Eva Gabor, causing lackluster sales to begin skyrocketing, selling 19M copies by 2010; on May 2, 1987 4,160 students at the U. of Mass. play the record largest game of Twister. On Feb. 1 West Germany receives 2.6K political prisoners from East Germany. On Feb. 3 the unmanned Soviet spacecraft Luna (Lunik) 9 makes the first controlled rocket-assisted landing on the Moon and takes some nice pictures to send home to Mother Russia, putting the Soviets ahead of the U.S. in the Moon Race; meanwhile the Soviet Venera 3 spacecraft (launched Nov. 16, 1965) heads for Venus in an attempt at a double coup on the Yanks, but on Mar. 1 it crash-lands on Venus, becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet, although its comm systems fail and send no data. On Feb. 3 the U.S. launches Environmental Science Services Admin. (ESSA) I, the first weather satellite capable of viewing the entire Earth, taking the frst whole-Earth geostationary satellite weather image; the satellite is based on the spin-scan concept of Verner E. Suomi (1915-95) of the U. of Wisc., who becomes the Father of Satellite Meteorology; on Dec. 6 the Applications Technology Satellite (ATS) I satellite is launched, containing a spin-scan radiometer. On Feb. 3 Am. newspaper columnist Walter Lippmann (1889-1974) criticizes LBJ's Vietnam strategy, saying "Gestures, propaganda, public relations and bombing and more bombing will not work", and predicting that the war will divide the U.S. as combat causalities mount. On Feb. 4 All Nippon Airways Flight 60 plunges into Tokyo Bay in Japan, killing 133. On Feb. 6 Fidel Castro accuses China of spreading anti-Soviet propaganda among Cuban soldiers. On Feb. 6-9 LBJ meets with South Vietnamese PM Nguyen Cao Ky in Honolulu, Hawaii. On Feb. 10 Roman Catholic activist David J. Miller (1943-) of Manhattan becomes the first draft card burner convicted in the U.S.; he receives a suspended 3-year sentence - the original Miller Lite? On Feb. 11 the Belgian govt. resigns for the 54th time since 1831, and on Mar. 19 Paul Vanden Boeynants (1919-2001) (AKA VDB) of the Christian Social Party (PSC-CVP) becomes Belgian PM #55 (until July 17, 1968). It's not your father's Olds? The bullet and the big character poster is stronger than the ballot in Red China? On Feb. 12 the Group of Five, led by Beijing mayor (since 1951) Peng Zhen (1902-97) pub. the Feb. Outline, trying to diffuse the issue of the "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" brouhaha, causing Gang of Four members Jiang Qing and Yao Wenyuan to fire back with articles denouncing them; on May 16 Chairman Mao pub. the Notification, criticizing Peng Zhen and disbanding the Group of Five, launching the Great Proletarian Cultural Rev. (ends 1976) against the liberal bourgeoisie elements in the Communist Party, ramping up his personality cult and touting him as "a genius, everything the Chairman says is truly great, one of his words will override the meaning of tens of thousands of ours"; on May 25 female Beijing U. philosophy prof. Nie Yuanzi (1921-) pub. the first dazibao (big character poster), calling the rector and other profs. at her univ. "black anti-Party gangsters", which Mao orders to be broadcast nationwide; on May 26 the first youth group of Red Guards is formed at Tsinghua U. to kick their elders' bourgeois butts for Mao; on June 1 the People's Daily calls for the purging of all imperialists, imperialistic intellectuals, or people with imperialist affiliations, after which the Red Guards write a formal letter to Mao on July 28 asking for official approval of mass purges, which he responds to with the epic article Bombard the Headquarters; on Aug. 8 the Chinese Communist Central Committee approves the 16 Points of the Cultural Rev. to "struggle against and crush those persons in authority who are taking the capitalist road", calling on all workers to "transform the superstructure" by writing big character posters and holding great debates, fighting the Four Olds (Old Customs, Old Culture, Old Habits, Old Ideas), pretending to grant unprecedented freedom of speech as long as it rubberstamps Mao; on Aug. 16 11M Red Guards gather in Beijing, where Mao warmly receives them on top of the Tiananmen Square gate; the terror campaign destroys all religious bldgs. and tortures and/or kills everybody with any kind of Western education or an IQ higher than a rice doughnut, with Mao on Aug. 22 issuing an order preventing police intervention in Red Guard actions while uttering the soundbyte "Hitler was even more ferocious. The more ferocious the better, don't you think? The more people you kill, the more revolutionary you are"; in Aug.-Sept. 1,772 are murdered in Beijing; in Sept. 534 are killed and 704 commit suicide; on Sept. 5 Mao invites all Red Guards to visit Beijing at govt. expense; on Oct. 10 Mao's puppet gen. Lin Biao (1907-71) publicly criticizes Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi, and Deng is sent to a reeducation camp 3x until being rescued by Zhou Enlai; by the end of the Cultural Rev. 1M+ are killed or driven to suicide; the Red Guards close medical schools and dump Western-trained physicians in favor of "barefoot doctors" peddling Chinese herbs. On Feb. 14 the Austrian dollar is introduced, exchanging at the rate of 10 shillings per U.S. dollar (2 dollars per pound). On Feb. 19 after British PM Harold Wilson decides to cancel the CVA-101 aircraft carrier and shift to land-based planes, navy minister (since 1964) Christopher Paget Mayhew (1915-97) and first sea lord (since 1963) Adm. Sir David Luce (1906-71) resign - hey, we don't have enough of a sea empire left to worry about? On Feb. 21 the U.S. resumes bombing raids on North Vietnam; B-52 bombers are used for the first time on Apr. 12. On Feb. 22 UAR planes aid Yemeni repub. forces against royalists in the first outbreak of violence since the Aug. 1965 truce. On Feb. 22 after being implicated in a plot to smuggle ivory and gold from the Dem. Repub. of Congo in exchange for arms, and then pocket $350K, Ugandan PM (since 1962) Milton Obote stages a coup, and declares himself pres. of Uganda on Apr. 15 (until Jan. 25, 1971), proclaiming a new 1966 Ugandan Constitution and deposing pres. Mutesa II on Mar. 2, after which the Bugandan parliament declares independence, causing him to send his protege, illiterate 6'4" British-trained gourmet cannibal and light heavyweight boxing champ (1951-60) Idi Amin Dada (1925-2003) to invade the palace on May 24 and capture Mutesa II, then exile him to Britain, declaring all Ugandan kingdoms abolished; Mutesa II settles in London, where his son Ronald Frederick Muwenda Mutebi II (1955-) is enrolled in boarding school, and spends the rest of his life in grumbling alcoholic exile, while his son finally returns in 1986; meanwhile Obote promotes Idi Amin from Maj. to col., and makes him military CIC, only to get overthrown by him on Jan. 25, 1971 after he is abou to arrest him for misappropriation of funds, made possible by his massive recruitement of soldiers from the West Nile region bordering Sudan - got everything you need, chicken breasts, onions, garlic? On Feb. 23 the Syrian Coup of 1966 in Damascus gives power to a radical Marxist neo-Baathist faction, causing the party's founders to flee into exile for life, while creating a permanent schism between the Syrian and Iraqi branches. On Feb. 24 while visiting Hanoi and Beijing, Ghana's Marxist pres. Kwame Nkrumah is deposed by a CIA-backed military coup led by Lt. Gen. Emmanuel Kwasi Kotoka (1926-67); on Mar. 2 pres. (1958-84) Ahmed Sekou Toure of Guinea welcomes him and declares him joint pres. in his 1-party police state paradise, but it turns out to be only honorary - it's not a house or a hut, it's a mansion? On Feb. 26 the Indonesian govt. declares a curfew. On Feb. 28 U.S. astronauts Charles Arthur "Art" Bassett II (b. 1931) and Elliott M. See Jr. (1927-) are killed in an aircraft accident in St. Louis, Mo. In Feb. Communist Party sec. Walter Ulbricht suggests talks between the GDR and West German Social Dem. Party, but they fall through. On Mar. 1 a U.S. Senate attempt to repeal the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution led by Sen. Wayne Lyman Morse (1900-74) (D-Ore.) (one of the original two no votes) fails by 92-5; Morse later gives a great interview criticizing how the U.S. news media keeps uncritically backing the govt. in war after war, and claiming that foreign policy belongs to the Am. people not to the president alone. On Mar. 2 U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara announces that there are 215K U.S. troops in Vietnam - 215K wasted lives? On Mar. 3 former Green Beret Donald W. Duncan (1930-), author of "I Quit! - The Whole Thing Was a Lie!" speaks at the city hall in Manhattan, N.Y., telling of atrocities and injustices he witnessed in Vietnam. You picked the wrong year to diss Jesus, buddy? On Mar. 4 comments by Beatle John Lennon in an interview with his friend-lover journalist Maureen Cleave (1941-) (inspiration for the Beatles song "Norwegian Wood") are pub. in the London Evening Standard, in which he utters the soundbyte: "Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink. I needn't argue with that; I'm right and I will be proved right. We're more popular than Jesus now; I don't know which will go first, rock and roll or Christianity. Jesus was all right but his disciples were thick and ordinary. It's them twisting it that ruins it for me"; after it is ignored in Britain, U.S. teen mag Datebook reprints the quote out of context on July 29 on its front cover, pissing-off Christian extremists in the U.S, who soon get into mass record burning and burning in effigy, causing the Beatles to have to fend off endless reporters' questions with lame semi-apologies; on Aug. 11 the beleaguered Beatles hold a press conference in Chicago, Ill., and John Lennon backtracks on his "more popular than Jesus" remarks, saying "I didn't mean it as a lousy anti-religious thing"; Beatlesmania develops a dark anti-Christian side, and by the end of the decade the Beatles have dumped Christanity forever? On Mar. 5 British Overseas Airways BOAC Flight 911 (Boeing 707) catches fire and crashes into Mt. Fuji in Japan, killing all 113 passengers and 11 crew, incl. 75 Americans working for Thermo King Corp. of Minneapolis, Minn., leaving 63 children orphaned. On Mar. 5 the Battle of Lo Ke sees the Viet Cong 9th Div. 272nd Regiment attack the U.S. 3rd Brigade, and withdraw after a U.S. air strike; on Mar. 7 the Viet Cong try it again on the U.S. 1st Brigade, with the same results. On Mar. 7 after saying that the changed world order has "stripped NATO of its justification", and that there should be a "Europeanized Europe" free of U.S. and Soviet domination, French pres. Charles de Gaulle announces to LBJ that France is withdrawing militarily from NATO, having all French military reps step down on July 1, and giving all NATO bases and HQs in France notice to close by Apr. 1, 1967; France remains a member of NATO except for the military side, and continues to participate in the Atlantic Council; this doesn't stop anti-French demonstrations from being held in the U.S., Britain, and Netherlands, and a feeling of anxiety in West Germany, while the Soviets are pleased; France doesn't fully rejoin NATO until 2009 - just beat it, beat it, beat it? On Mar. 9 the U.S. admits that it destroyed 20K acres of food crops in suspected Viet Cong villages, causing a firestorm of criticism from U.S. univs. On Mar. 10 (26?)-June 8 the Buddhist Uprising of 1966 is sparked by the dismissal of Buddhist South Vietnamese gen. Nguyen Chanh Thi (1923-2007), after which widespread demonstrations in the N take over radio stations in Da Nang and Hue on Apr. 1, causing PM Nguyen Cao Ky on Apr. 3 to claim that Da Nang is under Communist control and vow to liberate it, personally leading two marine battalions (3K men) on Apr. 5, find the roads blocked, and talk the U.S. military into ending its neutrality and join the conflict on Apr. 9, after which Ky leads his men into Da Nang on May 14 and clears it of renegade South Vietnamese Buddhist troops (causing a new wave of Buddhist monk self-immolations), then takes Hue back on June 8, ending the Buddhist "Struggle Movement" as a political force, while Buddhist complaints to LBJ result in the soundbyte that the immolations are "tragic and unnecessary". On Mar. 11 Indonesian pres. Sukarno signs the Supersedekarforhar, er, Supersemar, a document handing over all military and executive power to Gen. Suharto, who stages anti-Communist demonstrations on Mar. 17. On Mar. 11 Queen Beatrix (1938-) of the Netherlands marries West German diplomat Claus von Amsberg (1926-2002); his service in the German army in WWII causes grumbling. On Mar. 11 the first Nebula Awards by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Am. (SFWA) honor writers of U.S. science fiction. On Mar. 15 black teenagers start the Watts Riots in Los Angeles, Calif., which continue until next year. By mid-Mar. (10th week of the year) 2,559 Americans have died in Vietnam, almost half since the beginning of the year (4.8K by year's end). On Mar. 16 Gemini 8, with astronauts David Randolph Scott (1932-) and Neil Alden Armstrong (1930-2012) performs the first docking operation in space with an Agena Target Vehicle, then malfunctions, requiring the first emergency landing by a U.S. spacecraft on Mar. 17. On Mar. 18 the U.S. Dept. of Commerce orders economic sanctions against Rhodesia, prohibiting exports of useful items. On Mar. 18 the U.S. discloses that it had tested biological weapons in Texas earlier in the year. On Mar. 21 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-3 in Memoirs v. Massachusetts to give a V to Fanny Hill over New England's puritanical Comstockian prudes, ruling that material with redeeming social value can't be censored, effectively taking erotic books from under the counter to the shelves of mainstream bookstores; meanwhile the same day it hands down its 5-4 ruling in the case of Ginzburg et al. v. U.S., denying justice to publisher Ralph Ginzburg by upholding the obscenity of his mag. Eros along with his fine and prison sentence even though it isn't obscene under their other ruling, because Ginzburg used "salacious" methods to market it, with dissenting justice Potter Stewart remarking "Moose hockey", er, "Censorship reflects a society's lack of confidence in itself. It is a hallmark of an authoritarian regime. Long ago those who wrote our First Amendment chartered a different course. They believed a society can be truly strong only when it is truly free" - besides I read the stuff myself? On Mar. 22 GM chmn. (1965-71) James M. Roche (1906-2004), who rose through the ranks apologizes to Ralph Nader before a U.S. Senate subcommittee for his co.'s harassment, spying, and intimidation campaign; in 1971 before retiring he offers Philly black activist Baptist minister Rev. Leon Howard Sullivan (1922-2001) a seat on the GM board, and works to have GM and other corps. leave South Africa in protest against apartheid. On Mar. 23 English Canterbury archbishop (1961-74) Arthur Michael Ramsey (1904-88) visits Pope Paul VI as a first step in reconciling their churches - are Catherine of Aragon's descendants still mad at us? On Mar. 24 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-3 in Harper v. Va. Board of Elections that poll taxes in state elections are illegal, extending the 24th U.S. Amendment of 1964, with dissenting Justices John M. Harlan II and Potter Stewart saying that it's a states rights issue, and dissenting Justice Hugo Black saying that new meanings to the 14th Amendment require constitutional amendments. On Mar. 26 Vietnam War protests are held in New York City, Washington, D.C., Chicago, Philly, Boston, and San Francisco, Calif. On Mar. 26-28 elections in Malta give the Nationalist Party a V over the Labour Party, and Dr. Georgio Borg Olivier (1911-80) becomes PM (until 1971). On Mar. 27 20K Buddhists march in South Vietnam to protest the Catholic-run govt. On Mar. 27 Angel Maria Betancourt Cueto hijacks a plane from Santiago de Cuba (540 mi. ESE of Havana) to Havana, killing the pilot, wounding the copilot, and killing an air steward; he is caught and executed. On Mar. 28 Cemal Gursel resigns due to ill health, and Cevdet Sunay (1899-1982) becomes pres. #5 of Turkey (until Mar. 28, 1973), going on to survive terrorist attacks, student riots and attempted coups for his full 7-year term and still keep his scalp - it's the calcium in my food? On Mar. 28 the British TV spy show (founded Jan. 7, 1961) The Avengers debuts in the U.S. for 161 episodes (until May 21, 1969), starring Daniel Patrick Macnee (1922-2015) as Saville Row-suited bowler-hatted umbrella-carrying John Steed, and Diana Rigg (1938-) as Mrs. Emma Peel (Man Appeal) (1965-8), whose hubby went missing on a South Am. exploration; Honor Blackman played his first partner Cathy Gale from 1962-4; the cool Avengers Theme by Laurie Johnson makes the show hard to turn off. On Mar. 28-29 Indian PM Indira Gandhi visits Washington, D.C., followed by London on Apr. 1 and Moscow on Apr. 2, continuing the policy of nonalignment while begging, er, accepting economic aid. On Mar. 29 the 23rd Communist Party Conference convenes in the Soviet Union; Leonid Brezhnev demands that the U.S. pull out of Vietnam while admitting that Sino-Soviet relations suck. On Mar. 31 the Labour Party of PM Harold Wilson wins British elections. On Mar. 31 four clean-cut men in suits and ties burn their draft cards on the steps of the South Boston Courthouse in Mass., getting attacked by a mob, while the police make no arrests - don't burn your court documents or we'll refuse to make any new ones? On Mar. 31 the Soviet Union launches Luna (Lunik) 10, which on Apr. 4 becomes the first manmade object to enter lunar orbit (or any heavenly body), playing the "Internationale" for the 23rd Communist Party Congress; it quits transmitting on May 30 after 460 orbits. In Mar. U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara agrees to the bombing of North Vietnamese POL (petroleum, oil, and lubricant) supplies. In Mar. nat. elections in Austria result in the first-ever majority for the Christian/Conservative People's Party, and on Apr. 2 former finance minister Josef Klaus (1910-2001) becomes chancellor (until 1970) with a 1-party cabinet which introduces extensive reforms, while Austrian terrorists step up the terror in the South Tyrol. In Mar. DRC pres. Joseph-Desire Mobutu assumes all legislative powers from parliament, and on July 1 renames Leopoldville to Kinshasa, Stanleyville to Kisingani, and Elisabethville to Lubumbashi - you can shove them Belgian waffles too? In the spring Ga. Rep. Charles Longstreet Weltner (1927-92) signs a loyalty oath to support the entire Ga. Dem. ticket in the fall election, but when segregationist Lester Maddox is nominated for gov., he steps out of his own reelection race, pissing-off Maddox; he runs again in 1968 and loses, loses a 1973 bid for mayor of Atlanta, and in 1981 is appointed to the Ga. Supreme Court; in 1991 he wins the Kennedy Library's Profile in Courage Award. On Apr. 2 the Indonesian army calls on the govt. to rejoin the U.N. On Apr. 6 Frederick Lee, Baron Lee of Newton (1906-84) becomes the last British secy. of state for the colonies (until Aug. 1) - just in case Armageddon comes on June 6 and God takes out pesky America first, and named Newton in case he was God? On Apr. 7 after the British Beira Patrol muffs its interception of Greek oil tanker Joanna V headed for Beira, Rhodesia, Britain asks the U.N. Security Council for authority to use force against oil tankers violating their embargo against Rhodesia; on Apr. 9 they vote 10-0-5 (Bulgaria, France, Mali, Uruguay, U.S.S.R.) to adopt Resolution 221 aimed at blocking it, calling on U.K. to use force if necessary, but limiting the blockade to Beira and only by the Royal Navy, allowing other toil tankers with oil for Rhodesia to dock at other Mozambican ports; on May 12 the African members of the council call for the British army to blockade all of Rhodesia. On Apr. 8 Buddhists protest over the failure of the South Vietnamese govt. to set a date for free elections, causing them to cave in on Apr. 14 and promise elections within 5 mo. On Apr. 8 Miss. becomes the last U.S. state to end Prohibition. On Apr. 8 Time mag. seizes the chance to cash in on Millennium Fever by pub. an issue with the Easter ed. cover story Is God Dead? Toward a Hidden God; the cover features "Is God Dead" in big devil-red letters on a Hell-black background; the issue is really about the views of Am. radical Christian theologian Thomas Jonathan Jackson "J.J." Altizer (1927-2018) in his new book The Gospel of Christian Atheism, which combines Friedrich Nietzsche with G.W.F. Hegel and throws in William Blake; in 1966 Altizer and Am. theologian William Hughes Hamilton III (1924-2014) pub. Radical Theology and the Death of God; meanwhile on Apr. 30 (Walpurgisnacht) Chicago-born ex-circus roustabout, psychic, and organist (good actor) Anton Szandor LaVey (1930-97) comes out of the closet, shaves his head, and founds the Church of Satan in hip-to-it San Francisco, Calif., proclaiming 1966 as Year One Anno Satanas, going on to perform Satanic baptisms and be dubbed "the Black Pope" by the media, who makes him their 19666, er, 1966 darling? - it's red, it's rave? On Apr. 11 USAF paratrooper William Hart "Bill" Pitsenbarger (b. 1944) is killed by a sniper after parachuting and heroically aiding pinned-down soldiers near Cam My (E of Saigon), becoming the first enlisted recipient of the Air Force Cross in 1966, after which he becomes the first AF enlisted man since WWI to be awarded a Medal of Honor, although it takes until 2008 for the men of his co. to convince them. On Apr. 12 the U.S. uses B-52 bombers for the first time against the North Vietnamese, targeting military and industrial installations - you mess with the bull, you get the horns? On Apr. 12 surfer music star William Jan Berry (1941-2004), partner of Dean Ormsby Torrence (1940-) of Jan and Dean almost dies in a car accident near Dead Man's Curve on Whittier Blvd. in Beverly Hills after crashing his Corvette into a parked truck and sustaining head injuries incl. brain damage and partial paralysis, causing their music career to become a dead old man and old lady and stop until 1978. On Apr. 13 a Viet Cong attack on Tan Son Nhut Airport in Saigon destroys 12 U.S. helis and 9 aircraft, and causes 140 casualties. On Apr. 13 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Uniform Time Act, setting up daylight saving time, which is first observed next Apr. 30 (last Sun. in Apr.) at 2:00 a.m. until 2:00 a.m. on Oct. 29 (last Sun. in Oct.), which is changed in 1986 to the first Sun. in Apr., allegedly saving hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil a year, lowering crime rates, and preventing accidents; the clock-setting instructions are "spring forward, fall back". On Apr. 14 Taiwanese Buddhist nun Master Cheng Yen (1937-) founds the Tzu Chi Foundation with 30 housewives, with the motto "Instructing the rich and saving the poor", growing to 10M supporters by 2008, providing disaster and other relief - takes a Buddhist to think with the Master and not the Johnson? On Apr. 15 Iraqi pres. (since 1963) Abdul Salam Arif (b. 1921) is killed in a heli accident, and is on Apr. 16 succeeded by his brother gen. Abdul Rahman (Abd al-Rahman) Mohammed Arif Aljumaily (1916-2007) (until July 16, 1968), who continues the family-style govt. - dealing out the surplus, bow down? On Apr. 15 Egyptian pres. Gamal Abdel Nasser announces that a conspiracy against him by Islamic fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood leader Sayyid Qutb (1906-) has been exposed based on his 1964 book Milestones (Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq), which calls for a rev. in Islamic countries to restore Sharia; on Aug. 29 he and two companions are executed; his writings, filled with anti-U.S. jihadist rhetoric later help spawn al-Qaida. On Apr. 18 China announces that it's ending economic aid to Indonesia, after which on May 15 Indonesia flip-flops and asks Malaysia for peace negotiations, which are concluded on May 28, after which a treaty is signed on Aug. 11. On Apr. 18 the 38th Academy Awards in Los Angeles (the first to be broadcast in color), hosted by Bob Hope awards the best picture Oscar for 1965 to 20th Century-Fox's (Argyle Enterprises) The Sound of Music, along with best dir. to Robert Wise; best actor goes to Lee Marvin for playing good/bad twins Kid Shelleen and Tim Strawn in Cat Ballou, best actress to Julie Christie for Darling, best supporting actor to Martin Balsam for A Thousand Clowns, and best supporting actress to Shelley Winters for A Patch of Blue. On Apr. 21 the opening of the British Parliament is televised for the first time. On Apr. 21 Ethiopian emperor (1930-74) Haile Selassie I visits Jamaica for the first time, where he meets with adoring Rastafarians. On Apr. 21-May 6 after making the mistake of taking photos of themselves doing it, Ian Brady (Ian Duncan Stewart) (1938-2017) and Myra Hindley (1942-2002) of England are tried and convicted of killing five children of both genders after sexually abusing and torturing them for fun, and given three life sentences, becoming known as the Moors Murders since all victims were buried in Saddleworth Moore near Oldham in Lancashire; they later confess to two more kiddie murders; Brady becomes friends with Teacup Poisoner Graham Young in Parkhurst Prison, sharing a fascination with Nazi Germany; starting in 1999 Brady tries to commit suicide via hunger strikes, and is force-fed. On Apr. 26 a great earthquake strikes Tashkent. On Apr. 27 Pope Paul VI grants an audience to Soviet foreign minister Andrei Gromyko (1909-89), becoming the first official meeting between the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church and Soviet Union, beginning the Great Vatican Thaw; "Smiling broadly, [he] met Gromyko at the door of the library and held out both hands in greeting" (Newsweek). On Apr. 27 the ZANU Rebellion (Second Chimurenga) (ends 1980) begins in white-run Rhodesia as the Zimbabwe African Nat. Liberation Army (ZANLA) (formed in 1965), led by Herbert Wiltshire Pfumaindini Chitepo (1923-75) battles Rhodesian forces, who kill seven ZANLA men. On Apr. 29 U.S. troops in Vietnam reach 250K. On Apr. 30 Britain begins regular hovercraft service over the English Channel (until 2000). In Apr. East German "Nichtkonformer" (dissident) chemistry prof. Robert Havemann (1910-82) is ousted from the East Berlin Academy of Sciences, his job at Humboldt U., and the Socialist Party for criticizing the GDR regime after giving an interview to a West German newspaper and delivering the shocking lecture Dialectic Without Dogmatism: Natural Sciences Against Communistic Ideology in 1964; he was only trying to inject life into the moribund Marxist-Leninist theology? In Apr. transatlantic container ship service begins with the sailing of the SS Fairland from Port Elizabeth, N.J., reaching Rotterdam four weeks earlier than previous ships, causing a rev. in shipping with rectangular containers that can be hauled by trucks or trains, although it costs a lot of dockworkers their jobs; the containerization concept is from trucking co. magnate Malcom (Malcolm) Purcell McLean (1913-2001), who designed the first container in 1956 but took a decade to get ports built with enough cranes in N.J., Rotterdam, Bremen, and Grangemouth, Scotland; next year they begin service to South Vietnam, which produces 40% of their revenues until 1969, when they are acquired by R.J. Reynolds Co. and expand to Hong Kong and Taiwan, followed by Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines in 1971, reaching 27K containers with 36 ships and 30 ports; on May 10, 1968 SS Fairland is hit by rockets in the Long Tau River shipping channel 31 mi. from Saigon, sustaining light damage, and again on May 15, but the supply line keeps on truckin'. In Apr. rock promoter Chester Leo "Chet" Helms (1942-2005) of the Family Dog begins holding concerts at the Avalon Ballroom at 1268 Sutter St. in San Francisco, Calif., competing with Bill Graham (Wolodia Grajonca) (1931-91), who stages concerts at the Fillmore Auditorium at Fillmore St. and Geary Blvd., then in 1968 moves to Fillmore West at Market St. and South Van Ness Ave. In Apr. African-Am. "Roots" novelist Alex Haley interviews Rockwell in Playboy mag.; Rockwell: "There are always exceptions - but everybody knows that they prove the rule. Evolution shows that in the long run, if the superior mixes with the inferior, the product is halfway between, and inferior to what you started with in the original superior group - in other words, mongrelized."; Haley: "The words superior and inferior have no meaning to geneticists, Commander - and neither does mongrelization. Every authority in the field has attested that the world's racial groups are genetically indistinguishable from one another. All men, in other words including hybrids - are created equal"; Rockwell: " You're bringing tears to my eyes. Don't you know that all this equality garbage was started by a Jew anthropologist named Franz Boas from Columbia University? Boas was followed by another Jew from Columbia named Gene Weltfish. And our present Jew expert preaching equality is another Jew named Ashley Montagu. Any anthropologist who dares to preach the facts known by any farmer in the barnyard that breeds differ in quality are simply not allowed to survive in the universities or in publishing, because he can't earn a living. You never hear from that side"; Rockwell goes on to cite the 1916 study on negro psychology by George Oscar Ferguson that claimed to find a higher "intellectual efficiency" in proportion to the percentage of white blood in mixed-races, uttering the soundbyte: "No, we have machines to do their work now. I would simply revoke their citizenship and then offer them the alternatives of either returning to Africa with our generous help and assistance in establishing a modern industrial nation, or being relocated on reservations like the Indians were when they became a problem to the survival of the white people. This will apply to you, too, by the way. Nothing personal, you understand; I like you, personally; but I can't make any exceptions." In Apr.-May Operation Birmingham sees 5K U.S. troops plus large numbers of helis and armored vehicles sweep the area N of Saigon for three weeks, killing only 100 Viet Cong, and proving how lame the U.S. is if it won't try to go into them *!?*! tunnels and take them on. On May 1 the S coast of Finland suffers bad floods, becoming their worst until ? On May 2 U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara privately reports that 4.5K North Vietnamese are infiltrating to the S each mo. On May 3 50KW "legal pirate" AM radio station Swinging Radio England, run by Tex.-born Donald Grey "Don" Pierson (1925-96) begins broadcasting from a ship off the S coast of England (until Nov. 13), billing itself as the world's most powerful radio station; he also operates 50KW AM Britain Radio (billing itself as "the hallmark of quality") from the same ship. On May 4 Fiat pres (1946-66) Vittorio Valletta (1883-1967) signs a $1B agreement to build an automobile plant in the Soviet Union in Togliattigrad on the Volga River - is that like phone-a-friend? On May 9 NBC-TV airs LBJ's Texas, a tour of LBJ's hill country with Ray Scherer - a tour of Old Scratch's hell country in 666? On May 12 Radio Peking claims that U.S. planes shot down a Chinese plane over Yunnan; the U.S. denies it on May 13. On May 13 U.S. HEW secy. John W. Gardner orders federal funds to be withheld from 12 school districts in Ala., La., and Miss. that are in violation of 1964 Civil Rights Act guidelines; he ignores Northern school districts; on June 26 the U.S. Court of Appeals in New Orleans pioneers affirmative action in U.S. v. Jefferson County, Ala. Board of Education, ruling that Southern schools must integrate all levels from K-12, with the soundbyte: "The Constitution is color-conscious to prevent discrimination being perpetuated and to undo the effects of past discrimination. The criterion is the relevancy of color to a legitimate government purpose." On May 14 Turkey and Greece announce an intention to negotiate about pesky Cyprus. On May 15 tens of thousands of anti-Vietnam War demonstrators picket the White House and rally at the Washington Monument. On May 16 Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his first public speech on the Vietnam War, coming out against admin. policy. On May 16 students at the U. of Wisc. stage a sit-in to protest draft deferment exams. On May 16 the British Seamen's Strike by the Nat. Union of Seamen (first in 50 years) begins in protest of a 56-hour work week; on May 23 PM Harold Wilson claims that Communists are using it, and calls a state of emergency, sending the Royal Navy to control the ports and docks, causing them to cave in on May 24 and return to work; the NUS doesn't try another strike until Feb. 1988. On May 17 inscrutable Bob Dylan (1941-) stuns fans by switching from acoustic folk music to electric guitar rock & roll in a concert at Free Trade Hall in Manchester, England, causing folk music fans to call him a traitor; Pete Seeger is accused of trying to disconnect his amplifiers; in 1967 the documentary Don't Look Back is released, covering his 1965 tour of England; "God I'm glad I'm not me" (Dylan, reading a newspaper account of himself). On May 17 Pres. Johnson attends a Dem. fundraising dinner in Chicago, Ill., giving his Nervous Nellies Speech, railing against "Nervous Nellies" who "will turn on their leaders and on their country and on our fighting men". On May 18 U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara delivers the speech Security in the Contemporary World in Montreal, advocating economic development rather than military assistance as the solution to Third World turmoil - do the math and save? On May 22 The Case of the Final Fade-Out, the final episode of the Perry Mason TV series appears, becoming the only episode in color; the Man Himself Erle Stanley Gardner (1889-1970) appears in it; a 2nd Perry Mason series starring Monte Markham and Sharon Acker appears on TV in 1973, but only lasts 13 weeks. On May 24 the govt. of Nigeria prohibits all political activity until Jan. 17, 1969. On May 25 the U.S. launches Explorer 32 (Atmosphere Explorer-B) from Cape Canaveral to measure upper atmospheric parameters for the 10 mo. On May 26 British Guiana, home of vast rainforests and once home to the Lost Empire of Eldorado, and now dominated by Hindus from East India becomes the independent Commonwealth state of Grape Wanna, er, Guyana, with moderate socialist Forbes Burnham (since 1964) continuing as PM until Oct. 6, 1980, then pres. until his death on Aug. 6, 1985, constantly keeping his opponent Cheddi Jagan down by spying and election rigging. On May 28 Fidel Castro declares martial law in Cuba, claiming a possible U.S. attack. On May 29 the 1966 Anti-Igbo Pogrom in N Nigeria by Muslim Hausas begins, killing 3.1 Christian Igbos of S Nigerian origin in E Nigeria by Jan. 12, 1970, many of whom had been driven from the N. On May 31 the Philippines establishes diplomatic relations with Malaysia. In May-June the Battle of Dong Ha sees 10K North Vietnamese cross the DMZ and take on the U.S. Marine 3rd Div., who on July 7 launch Operation Hastings, driving them back with 8.5K Marines and 3K South Vietnamese ARVN troops by July 25, becoming the largest combined allied military operation so far. On June 2 Irish pres. (since 1959) Eamon de Valera (1882-1975) is reelected (until June 24, 1973). On June 2 the Dem. Repub. of Congo executes four former cabinet ministers for an alleged plot to kill Mobutu Sese Seko. On June 2 Surveyor 1 (launched May 30) lands on the Moon in Oceanus Procellarum, becoming the first soft landing by a U.S. spacecraft on a planetary body, and transmits 10.4K pretty pictures to keep up with the Joneskies, incl. some after surviving the 14-day lunar night; over the next two years, 5 of 7 Surveyor craft successfully land on the Moon and transmit 87K images to Earth - proving that Capitalism is softer than Communism? On June 3 U.S.-backed ex-pres. (1960-2) Joaquin Balaguer (1906-2002) defeats left-wing pres. Julian Bosch, becoming pres. of the Dominican Repub. on July 1 (until Aug. 16, 1978, then Aug. 16, 1986 to Aug. 16, 1996) (22 of the next 30 years), ruling with an iron fist while living like a monk in the servants quarters of his family mansion as a bachelor with six sisters; Hector Garcia Godoy becomes ambassador to the U.S. (until 1969); the peacekeeping force of 9K U.S. troops and 2K from other countries withdraws, and the bananas, er, economic-political stability is restored; on Nov. 28 the Dominican Repub. adopts the 1966 Dominican Repub. Constitution - what is good for bananas is good for the country? On June 3 Gemini 9A is launched from Cape Canaveral, carrying astronauts Thomas Patten "Tom" Stafford (1930-), and Eugene Andrew "Gene" Cernan (1934-2017); on June 5 Cernan completes the 2nd U.S. spacewalk (2 hours 7 min.), landing on June 6 after rendezvousing 3x with the Agena target vehicle. On June 4 a 3-page anti-Vietnam War ad pub. in The New York Times is signed by 6.4K teachers and profs. The U.S. civil rights movement splits over non-violence? On June 5 James Meredith leaves Memphis, Tenn. for a solo March Against Fear 220 mi. to Jackson, Miss. to encourage blacks to vote; on June 6 he is felled by shotgun blasts; after nat. civil rights leaders meet with him at his hospital bedside, the march continues on June 9, the marchers numbering several thousand; after they are gassed and beaten along the way, the civil rights movement splits irrevocably when on June 16 in Greenwood, Miss. Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael (1941-98), new chmn. (until 1967) of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (succeeding John Lewis) gives a speech, saying: "This is the 27th time that I've been arrested. I ain't going to jail no more. The only way we gonna stop them white men from whuppin' us is to take over. What we gonna start sayin' now is Black Power"; he is also the first to use the raised fist, causing Roy Wilkins of the NAACP and Whitney Young of the Nat. Urban League to abandon the march; Martin Luther King Jr. remains, addressing a rally in Jackson on June 26 attended by 15K, but the movement stays split, and Carmichael leaves the SNCC for the Black Panther Party. On June 5 the Indian govt. devalues the rupee by 36.5%. On June 6 (Mon.) (6-6-66) U.S. Sen. (D-Mass.) Robert Francis Kennedy (1925-68) gives his Day of Affirmation Speech to 15K racially-integrated students at the U. of Cape Town in South Africa, bemoaning apartheid and uttering the soundbyte: "Few will have the greatness to bend history itself, but each of us can work to change a small portion of events, and in the total of all those acts will be written the history of this generation... It is from numberless diverse acts of courage and belief that human history is thus shaped. Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance." The Big 6-6-66 comes and goes, and the world doesn't end, but the Wicked Witch does visit Kansas right afterward? On June 6 (Mon.) (June 28, Tues.?) Rosemary's Baby Adrian Woodhouse is born to Rosemary Woodhouse after she goes to Vidal Sassoon to get a short haircut; everybody born on June 6 of this year is haunted by rumors that he/she is the Antichrist?; "To 1966, the year one!" - pass the raw chicken livers? On June 8 a Wizard of Oz F5 tornado hits Topeka, Kan., killing 16, injuring hundreds, and causing $100M in damages. On June 8 legendary NASA test pilot Joseph Albert "Joe" Walker (1921-66) and USAF test pilot Maj. Carl Cross are killed when Walker's Mach 3 XB-70 Valkyrie prototype collides with Cross' F-104 Starfighter during a photo shoot; in 1963 Walker made two X-15 flights beyond 100km alt., qualifying him as an astronaut, becoming the only powered spaceplane flights past the magic threshold until SpaceShipOne in 2004. On June 10 67-y.-o. black farmhand Ben Chester White (b. 1899) is murdered by Klansmen Ernest Avants, James Jones, and Claude Fuller in Natchez, Miss. in order to lure Martin Luther King Jr. to the area, after which all are let off by state authorities; in 1999 Avants is arrested on federal charges after it is discovered they did the killing in a nat. forest, and is found guilty in 2003 and sentenced to life in prison before dying in 2004. On June 12-14 the Division Street Riots in the Humboldt Park area of Chicago, Ill begin after a downtown parade to honor St. John the Baptist (namesake of San Juan, Puerto Rico) when a white police officer wounds a young Puerto Rican man, becoming the first Puerto Rican riot in the U.S., with 16 wounded; the parade is renamed the Puerto Rican Parade. On June 13 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Katzenbach v. Morgan that Congress may not enact laws stemming from the 14th Amendment Sect. 5 to substantially increase the scope of the rights determined by the judiciary, but may only enact remedial or preventative measures consistent with the court's interpretations. 6/6+6+1/66: Ich bin ein Berliner is extended to all Americans? On June 13 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court issues its landmark 6-3 decision in Miranda v. Arizona, requiring the police to issue a Miranda Warning before questioning, invented by former DA Harold Berliner (1924-2010): "You have the right to remain silent; anything you say may be used as evidence against you; you may request the presence of an attorney, either retained by you or appointed by the court, and you have the right to remain silent", resulting in a stunning curbing of police power to obtain confessions, causing a furor when guilty defendants get off using this as a technicality; Justice Harlan calls the decision "dangerous experimentation" at a time of a "high crime rate that is a matter of growing concern"; the defendant Ernesto Arturo Miranda (1941-76) is retried sans confession, and still convicted, spending 11 years in prison before making parole in 1975, then getting stabbed to death in a bar in Phoenix - God bless the power of high-priced attorneys to get rich clients off? On June 14 the Roman Catholic Index of Forbidden Books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum) (begun in 1559 by Pope Paul IV) is officially abolished by Pope Paul VI (IV and VI are like bookends?), ending the horrible Inquisition, although it retains its "moral force" - millions of Catholics race to catch-up on their reading - not? On June 17 the U.S. Congress establishes the Nat. Council for Marine Resources and Engineering Development, with the mission of assisting the U.S. pres. in developing a nat. marine science and tech program. On June 18 marine biologist Samuel Milton Nabrit (1905-2003) becomes the first African-Am. to serve on the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). On June 20 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 5-4 in Schmerber v. Calif. that warantless blood tests do not violate the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination, but that a warrant is required unless exigent circumstances are present, e.g., natural metabolism of alcohol, causing the proliferation of breathalyzers. On June 20-July 1 French pres. Charles de Gaulle visits the Soviet Union to show his independence of NATO, discussing joint programs for technological development and space exploration; meanwhile on June 30 France officially leaves NATO - the end of the 6th month of 1966? On June 21 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 223 to admit Guyana; on Oct. 14 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 224 to admit Botswana; on Oct. 14 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 225 to admit Lesotho; on Dec. 7 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 230 to admit Barbados. On June 27 the campy daytime B&W Gothic soap opera Dark Shadows debuts on ABC-TV for 1,225 episodes (until Apr. 2, 1971), starring Joan Geraldie Bennett (1910-90) as Elizabeth Collins Stoddard, and Canadian actor Jonathan Frid (1924-) as vampire hero Barnabas Collins. On June 30 Adm. William Raborn resigns after 14 mo. (over the French exit of NATO?), and Philly-born German-speaking Richard McGarrah Helms (1913-2002) (who interviewed Hitler for UPI during the 1936 Olympics) becomes dir. #8 of the CIA (until Feb. 2, 1973), becoming the first career spy to head it, having been involved in the efforts to assassinate Castro before JFK's death, and the coup that toppled Vietnamese pres. Diem in 1961. On June 25 Vietnamese Buddhist leader Tri Quang is arrested, after which PM Nguyen Cao Ky calls for calm. On June 28 Argentine pres. (since 1963) Arturo Umberto Illia is overthrown by the military, and gen. Juan Carlos Ongania (1914-95) becomes pres. of Argentina (until June 8, 1970); on July 29 after leftists opposing revocation of the 1918 univ. reform take over five depts., the Night of the Long Batons (La Noche de los Bastones Largos) sees the military close the U. of Buenos Aires. The long hot summer brings Yankee Hell from the Skies in North Vietnam? On June 29 ending their self-imposed moratorium, the U.S. bombs fuel storage facilities in Hanoi and Haiphong from Tan Son Nhut Air Base outside Saigon, then attacks North Vietnamese forces inside the DMZ on July 22, but refrains from invading Hanoi for fear of retaliation from China and the Soviet Union. On June 30 the Battle of Route 13 sees U.S. forces brutally attacked by the Viet Cong on the road that links Vietnam to the Cambodian border until aircraft and artillery drive them back. On June 30 at the instigation of federal worker Catherine S. East (1916-96), feminist rabble-rouser Betty Friedan (1921-2006), black female episcopal priest Anna Pauline "Pauli" Murray (1910-85) and 26 other mainly women found the Nat. Org. for Women (NOW) in Washington, D.C. to end sexual discrimination by lobbying, litigation, and demonstrations, growing to 500K members and 500+ chapters by the end of the cent.; next year it holds its first nat. conference in Washington, D.C., adopting a bill of rights calling for a constitutional amendment giving women equal rights et al. - is that East or Yeast? In June Pres. Johnson gives a white hat speech, saying "No American, young or old, must ever be denied the right to dissent. No minority must ever be muzzled. Opinion and protest are the life breath of democracy, even when it blows heavy"; meanwhile in June a Presidential Scholarship for a 17-y.-o. girl is almost withdrawn when the White House staff finds out that her parents are war protesters, and in the future all recipients are subjected to FBI background checks - protest all you want, but when we find a mouse in the house we hit it with a broom? On July 1 the Medicare program (Title XVIII of the U.S. Social Security Act) begins in the U.S. for persons age 65 and over; the first Medicare card is issued to Pres. Truman, after which 3.7M receive some health care services by the end of the year. On July 1 Julio Cesar Mendez Montenegro (1915-96) becomes pres. of Guatemala (until July 1, 1970) after agreeing to let the military keep control of internal security with its anti-Indian Mano Blanca (White Hand) right-wing death squads, and on Nov. 2 a state of siege is proclaimed against leftist guerrillas led by Marc Antonio Yon Sosa (-1970) et al., who are agitating for reforms; Guatemalan, U.S., and Mexican troops kill thousands of peasants in the north, and horrible terror reigns in bananaland. On July 1 in accordance with French desires, NATO moves its Supreme HQ Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) (since 1951) from Paris to Casteau near Belgium, and does it on Oct. 26. On July 2 New Kid on the Block France performs its first of many nuclear tests on lucky Muruora Island (ends 1996) - use plenty of Murine on ur ora? On July 3 after resigning on Jan. 2 in favor of his partner Gen. Alfredo Ovando to prove he's not a dictator, rigged elections in Bolivia reelect Quechua-speaking Christian gen. Rene Barrientos Ortuno and his Bolivian Rev. Front., and on Aug. 6 he becomes Bolivian pres. #58 (until Apr. 27, 1969). On July 4 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), authored by Calif. Congressman John E. Moss (1915-1997), set to go into effect next year. On July 4 the Beatles are attacked and get into deep doo-doo in the Philippines after mistakenly snubbing pres. Ferdinand Marcos' wife Imelda Marcos before a concert; meanwhile despite criticism Marcos sends troops to Vietnam. On July 4 the Yad Kennedy memorial to JFK near Jerusalem opens. On July 4-6 a conference of Warsaw Pact countries sees Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu propose dissolution of both NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and demand that all nations withdraw their troops from the soil of other nations; it ends with a promise to support their brothers in North Vietnam. On July 6 captured U.S. pilots are paraded through the streets of Hanoi amid loud jeers; meanwhile their brother pilots intensify bombing raids on the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos, causing Ho Chi Minh on July 17 to order a partial mobilization to guard against air strikes. On July 6 Dr. Hastings Walter Kamuzu Banda (1896-1997) declares the 1-party Repub. of Malawi and rules with an iron hand for the next three decades (until 1994), with a pro-West foreign policy and economic cooperation with South Africa and Rhodesia, while instituting a personality cult and taking the title Ngwazi ("great lion"), complete with lion tail fly whisk; in 1971 he makes himself pres. for life and becomes the first African leader to visit South Africa; although life is regimented, he does build up the infrastructure, incl. schools modelled on Eton with British teachers, who teach African children ancient Latin and Greek along with African history. On July 8 Bormer army officer (Tutsi) Michel Micombero (1940-83) overthrows mwami (king) (Hutu) Ntare V (1947-72) right after he deposes his father Mwambutsa IV, and declares Burundi a repub. with himself as pres. #1 on Nov. 28 (until Nov. 1, 1976), suspending the constitution and legislature and ruling with an iron hand - I want my mwami? On July 11 the daytime quiz show The Newlywed Game debuts on ABC-TV (until 1974, going into syndication in 1977-80, returning to ABC-TV in 1984, returning to syndication in 1985-9, 1996-9, then switching to GSN in 2009-Feb. 4, 2013), with host Robert Leland "Bob" Eubanks (1938-), who becomes known for the phrase "Makin' Whoopee" as a eubankism, er, euphemism for having sex; one infamous show features the question "Where is the strangest place you ever had the urge to make whoopee?", to which one bride answers "My ass". On July 12 new Indian PM (since Jan. 24) Indira Gandhi visits Moscow, followed on July 16 by British PM Harold Wilson, who wants the Soviets get them to begin Vietnamese war peace negotiations; too bad, they tell him to fuck off, and on July 24 U.N. secy.-gen. U Thant visits Moscow, announcing on Sept. 1 that his efforts to obtain a peace in Vietnam are kaput and he will not seek reelection, but changes his mind on Dec. 2. On July 12 Zambia threatens to leave the British Commonwealth over its peace overtures to Rhodesia, causing Rhodesia to cut off its trade route, after which the U.S., Britain, and Canada organize an airlift to ship gasoline into Zambia; next year Britain agrees to finance new trade routes for Zambia. On July 14 Israeli and Syrian jets dogfight over the Jordan River - while John the Baptist rolls in his headless grave? On July 14 Kirkwood, Ill.-born. ex-con Richard Benjamin Speck (1941-91) terrorizes nine student nurses from South Chicago Community Hospital in Chicago, Ill., murdering eight of them; he is arrested on July 17, found guilty of eight counts of murder next year, and given a death sentence, which is reduced in 1972 to eight 50-150 year sentences after the U.S. Supreme Court overrules the death sentence in 1971; in priz he goes gayer than a kite and takes female hormones to develop breasts - blame it on 666? On July 14 Richard Gwynfor Evans (1912-2005) becomes the first member of the Welsh Plaid Cymru Party (founded 1925) to become a British MP (until 1970, then 1974-9). On July 17 singer-actor Frank Sinatra (1915-98) marries actress Mia Farrow (1945-) (daughter of Australian-born "Around the World in Eighty Days" dir. John Farrow and actress Maureen O'Sullivan), who later has Satan's baby in the movies in order to revive her screen hubby's career; they divorce in 1968 after the movie comes out - and really got married on June 6 and had the devil baby for real, and it has blue eyes and red hair and a great singing voice? On July 18-24 (nights) after a bar posts a sign reading "No Water for Niggers", causing a crowd to form and the pigs to arrive, the Hough Race Riots become the first race riots in the history of Cleveland, Ohio, killing four and injuring 30, with 240 fires and 275 arrests before the Nat. Guard ends it, after which white flight reduces the white pop. to 42% by the end of the cent. - if you're white hough better pack your bags? On July 18 Gemini 10, carrying astronauts John Watts Young (1930-) and Michael Collins (1930-) is launched, docking with an Agena target vehicle and setting an alt. record of 474 mi. (763km) before landing on July 21. On July 19 after Chinese welding engineer Hsu Tzu-tsai is kidnapped and taken to his office for wanting to defect, then is tortured and dies, Chinese diplomat Liu En-tsiu (En-chiu) is declared persona non grata by the Dutch, after which on July 22 the Chinese govt. declares Dutch diplomat G.J. Jongejans persona non grata, but won't let him leave until the rest of the eight Chinese welders are released from The Hague - no Mr. Liu, I expect you to die? On July 25 a bus carrying Belgian children plunges off an autobahn bridge in West Germany, killing 33 of 37, incl. 27 children and the sleeping driver. On July 28 the U.S. announces that a Lockheed U-2 spy plane crashed near Oruro, Bolivia after flying over Cuba. On July 29 Bob Dylan smashes up in his motorcycle near his home in Woodstock, N.Y., after which he stays out of the public eye for a year. On July 30 having driven them out of Quang Tri Province, the U.S. bombs NVA troops in the DMZ for the first time. On July 31 Lake Worth, Fla.-born architectural engineering student and former U.S. Marine Corps sharpshooter (discharged Dec. 1964) Charles Joseph Whitman (b. 1941) kills his mother and wife, then on Aug. 1 (11:48 a.m. - 1:24 p.m.) terrorizes the U. of Texas campus in Austin from the clock tower of its 27-story 307-ft. main bldg., killing three in the tower followed by 11 from the 28th floor observation deck, wounding 31 before officers break in and kill him - after waiting until he is out of ammo? On July 31 the 51-member Nat. Committee of Negro Churchmen place a full-page ad in the New York Times containing their "Black Power Statement" to the effect that the Bible should be used aggressively to combat racism, launching the Black Liberation Theology movement. In July Yugoslavian vice-pres. (former security chief) Alexander Rankovic (a Serb) is ousted for opposing the toleration of free enterprise, and his office is abolished. In July Jordan suspends relations with the Palestine Liberation Org. (PLO), which doesn't stop them from raiding across the Jordan River into Israel and agitating for the overthrow of King Hussein I, who is backed by the U.S. and Saudis. On Aug. 2 the govt. of Spain forbids overflights of British military aircraft, and on Oct. 22 demands that they stop flights to Gibraltar too, which the Brits refuse on Oct. 23, causing Spain on Oct. 25 to close its Gibraltar border to all but pedestrians. On Aug. 5 Martin Luther King Jr. is hit in the head with a rock thrown by an angry white mob during a march in mostly white Cicero, Ill. after they think he's trying to integrate them with the black community to the south - don't make me break out my woman? On Aug. 6 LBJ's daughter Luci Baines Johnson (1947-) marries Air Nat. Guardsman Patrick John Nugent (1943-) at the Nat. Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. before 700 guests plus 55M TV viewers (first daughter of an incumbent pres. to marry since 1934), after which they honeymoon in Nassau under the name Frisbee; on Thanksgiving Day she adopts a white dog she found at a gas station and names Yuki (Jap. for snow), becoming one of LBJ's favorite companions; after having four children the marriage is annulled in Aug. 1979, and on Mar. 3, 1984 she marries Scottish-born Canadian financier Ian J. Turpin (1944-). On Aug. 8-9 the Lansing Race Riot in Mich. sees 200-300 black youths rampage for two nights, causing Mich. gov. George Romney to denounce advocates of Black Power and threaten action. On Aug. 9 U.S. jets attack two villages in South Vietnam by mistake, killing 63 and wounding 100 civilians. On Aug. 10 citing a "lack of public demand", the U.S. Treasury Dept. stops printing $2 bills, and replaces silver-alloy quarters and dimes with a silver-looking copper-nickel combo; 50 cent and $1 coins go copper-nickel in 1971. On Aug. 10 Gunter Laudahn is sentenced to life in priz in East Germany for spying for the U.S. On Aug. 10 450 women of the Internat. Ladies Garment Workers' Union walk out of the Levi Strauss jeans factory in Blue Ridge, Ga., causing Levi to hire scabs, after which the union organizes a boycott of their jeans, holding a "burn-in" in Atlanta on Aug. 12, 1967, which spreads nationwide; too bad, the strike ends on Sept. 13 after 56 weeks when the union contract expires and the scabs decertify the union, becoming a V for Levi; their worldwide sales this year are $152M, double three years ago. On Aug. 10 the U.S. launches Lunar Orbiter 1, which becomes the first U.S. spacecraft to orbit the Moon or any heavenly body, going on to photograph smooth areas of the surface looking for possible landing sites, incl. on the dark side. On Aug. 11 British Labour Party first secy. of state and economic affairs secy. (since Oct. 16, 1964) George Alfred Brown (1914-85) becomes British foreign affairs secy. (until Mar. 15, 1968), becoming known for drunkenness, spawning the story that he once asked the Archbishop of Lima for a dance during the playing of the Peruvian nat. anthem. On Aug. 12 the Massacre of Braybrook Street (Shepherd's Bush Murders) sees career criminals Harry Maurice Roberts (1936-), John Duddy, and Jack Witney shoot and kill three plainclothes cops near Wormwood Scrubs Prison in London, then flee and get caught after a large manhunt, receiving life in priz, after which the Police Dependants' Trust is set up to assist families of British police who die on duty. On Aug. 15 Syrian and Israeli troops fight at Lake Genesaret (Sea of Galilee) for three hours - who's that guy walking on water? On Aug. 16 the House Un-Am. Activities Committee holds a meeting to investigate Americans who are aiding the Viet Cong, and are disrupted by anti-Vietnam War demonstrators; 50 are arrested. On Aug. 16 NBC-TV airs The Angry Voices of Watts, a documentary about black writers at the Watts Writers Workshop founds by "On the Waterfront" screenwriter Budd Schulberg (1914-2009). On Aug. 16 the Beatles perform at Shea Stadium in N.Y., the first show on their U.S. summer tour, taking in $304K from 55.6K fans, the largest show business gross to date, earning $160K for 30 min. On Aug. 17 Egypt and Saudi Arabia begin negotiations in Kuwait to end the war in Yemen. On Aug. 18 the Battle of Long Tan in Phuoc Tuy Province sees the 6th Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment defeat a 4x larger Viet Cong force, who lose 245 out of 2.5K vs. 36 Australians killed and 24 wounded. On Aug. 19 the 6.8 1966 Varto Earthquake in E Turkey kills 2.5K and injures 1.5K, destroying whole cities; from now on until 1971 Turkey experiences at least one earthquake every year. On Aug. 21 seven men are sentenced to death in Egypt for anti-Nasser agitation. On Aug. 24 NBC-TV presents White Paper: Organized Crime in America, a 3-hour report anchored by Frank McGee. On Aug. 24 the Peanuts comic strip introduces Peppermint Patty, who calls Charlie Brown "Chuck". On Aug. 26 riots occur in French Somaliland, after which on Aug. 30 the French promise the colony its independence - it's as simple as 1-2-3, A-B-C? On Aug. 27 65-y.-o. Sir Francis Charles Chichester (1901-72) begins a round-the-world solo voyage in his 53-ft. sailboat Gypsy Moth IV; he finishes on May 18 of next year after 9 mo., becoming the first to do it, and is knighted for it. On Aug. 29 (Mon.) the Beatles conclude their Fourth U.S. Tour (which opened on Aug. 12 in Chicago, Ill.) with their last public concert at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, Calif., too bad, the stands are half empty, causing concerns that their popularity is fading, causing EMI to pressure George Martin into releasing "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane" as a single, which works, bringing back their popularity, although the songs couldn't be included in the album, marring it; "San Francisco is 49 square miles surrounded by reality" (Paul Kantner of the Jefferson Airplane). On Aug. 30 Hanoi announces that Red China will provide it with economic and technical assistance. On Sept. 1 French pres. Charles de Gaulle visits Phnom Penh, Cambodia and calls for U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam. On Sept. 1 (00:47) Britannia Airways Flight 105 plane crashes in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia during landing due to a faulty altimeter, killing 98 of 117 passengers and crew, mostly British tourists. On Sept. 1 Hollywood movie star Jerry Lewis (1926-) hosts the first-ever Labor Day Telethon to raise funds for research on Muscular Dystrophy (MD). On Sept. 2 Ala. gov. George C. Wallace signs a bill forbidding the Ala. public schools from complying with the U.S. desegregation guidelines. On Sept. 3 after his Nat. Party wins a big V in gen. elections, South African PM (since 1958) (architect of apartheid) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (b. 1901) holds the first-ever meeting with the leader of a black African state, Lesotho PM #1 (1965-86) Joseph Leabua Jonathon (1914-87); too bad, on Sept. 6 as he is about to deliver a speech to parliament in Cape Town on resettlement of Bantus and nationalization of foreign-owned assets, he is stabbed to death by deranged page Dmitri Tsafendas (1918-99) (a half-white who was never classified as coloured, although he had applied for it to marry another coloured), who later claims that a tapeworm inside his head ordered him to do it, causing him to be found not guilty of murder by reason of insanity, after which he is imprisoned for life; on Sept. 13 Balthazar Johannes "John" Vorster (1915-83) becomes PM of South Africa (until Sept. 29, 1978), continuing the policy of apartheid and telling the U.N. to fuck off. On Sept. 3 Mao puppet Lin Biao urges students to go after party officials influenced by the ideas of Nikita Khrushchev. On Sept. 6 the Atlanta Race Riot in the Summerhill section near Atlanta Stadium in Ga. breaks the image of the "city too busy to hate". On Sept. 6 (Tues.) the sitcom Love on a Rooftop debuts on ABC-TV for 30 episodes (until Apr. 6, 1967), starring Peter Ellstrom "Pete" Deuel (1940-71) as Dave Willia, n apprentice architect in San Francisco, Calif. who has to live on $85.37 a week, and Judy Carne (Joyce Audrey Botterill) (1939-2015) as his new wife Julie. On Sept. 6 (Tues.) the sitcom The Pruitts of Southampton (The Phyllis Diller Show) debuts on ABC-TV for 30 episodes (until Sept. 1, 1967), based on the 1954 novel "House Party", about a broke family who pose as wealthy (an inverted version of "The Beverly Hillbillies"?), starring Phyllis Diller (Phyllis Ada Driver) (1917-2012) as Phyllis Pruitt; also stars Gypsy Rose Lee and Richard Deacon. On Sept. 7 (Wed.) the Western series The Monroes debuts on ABC-TV for 26 episodes (until Mar. 15, 1967), starring set in Grand Teton Nat. Park near Jackson, Wyo., about five orphans trying to survive after their parents die in an accident, starring English actor Michael Joseph Anderson Jr. (1943-) as eldest male Clayton Monroe, and Barbara Hershey (Barbara Lynn Herzstein) (1948-) as eldest female Kathy Monroe. To boldly crow where no Jim has crowed before? I'm a PC and I'm 8 years old? On Sept. 8 (Thur.) Star Trek: The Original Series, created by Tex.-born Eugene Wesley "Gene" Roddenberry (1921-91) debuts on NBC-TV for 79 episodes (until Apr. 4, 1969) with The Man Trap, starring Jeanne Bal (1928-96) as shape-shifting salt-sucking space siren Nancy Crater, unveiling a new technology-based Jesus-and-Muhammad-free futuristic leftist Jewish kingdom of heaven combined with a mostly white Wagon Train in Space show about the 23rd cent. voyages of the faster-than-light USS Enterprise NCC-1701, featuring Canadian Jewish actor William Shatner (1931-) (after Jack Lord demands to own part of the show and is declined) as straight womanizing swashbuckling Capt. James Tiberius Kirk (born in Riverside, Iowa), the Capt. Horatio Hornblower of Space, who is so good at his job that he's allowed to break the rules, incl. sex with blacks, browns, yellows, greens, blues, non-humans, anything they can sign an acting contract with; Jewish-Am. actor Leonard Nimoy (1931-2015) plays his 2nd in command, pointy-eared half-human half-Vulcan half-Salmon super-smart Science officer Spock (blood type T-negative) (only mates once every 11 years) (likes to put his hand in the shape of the Hebrew letter shin because in real life he's Jewish); Ga.-born actor DeForest Kelly (1920-79) plays liquor-pouring Southern-drawling Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy, and Canadian actor James Doohan (1920-2005) plays Scottish engineer Scotty, who is the real brains of the ship, staying safely behind while the reckless captain and crew go beaming into danger and he takes the credit for superhuman repair work by inflating repair time estimates while swigging Scottish whiskey; on Sept. 15 episode #2 +Charlie X stars Robert Hudson Walker Jr. (1940-), son of Robert Walker Sr. and Jennifer Jones as a space orphan raised by aliens who gets his first crush on a woman, Capt. Kirk's yeoman Janice Rand, played by Grace Lee Whitney (1930-), and can't grow up fast enough to avoid using his superhuman powers to destroy the ship until his alien parents intervene and take him back; in real life, Walker's mom Jennifer Jones cheated on his daddy then dumped him in 1945 for producer David O. Selznick, causing daddy to go nuts and become an alcoholic and have an early death in 1951, affecting him, while Whitney in real life was an orphan, and is cut from the show in the first season so that Kirk could have a guest babe each episode, causing her to spiral down also; episode #3 Where No Man Has Gone Before stars Gary Lockwood (1937-) as Lt. Cmdr. Gary Mitchell, who develops super-ESP when the Enterprise is driven over the edge of the galaxy; episode #9 Dagger of the Mind (Nov. 3) is about the Neural Neutralyzer Device; episode #21 Patterns of Force (Feb. 16, 1968) is about brilliant Starfleet Academy historian John Gill, who violates the Prime Directive on the planet Ekos and allows a clone of Nazi Germany to be created, which dopes him up and uses him as a puppet Hitler; episode #28 The City on the Edge of Forever (Apr. 6, 1967), written by Harlan Ellison and featuring a working Historyscope called the Guardian of Forever plus yummy Joan Henrietta Collins (1933-) as Am. Depression Era social worker Edith Keeler wins a Hugo Award; episode #29 (last of season 1) Operation Annihilate! (Apr. 13, 1967) (filmed Feb. 15, 1967) is set on the campus-like grounds of TRW Inc. in Redondo Beach, Calif; episode #35 The Doomsday Machine (Oct. 20, 1967) about a planet-eating machine is written by Norman Robert Spinrad (1940-); Theodore Sturgeon (Edward Hamilton Waldo) (1918-85) writes the screenplays for "Shore Leave" (1966), and "Amok Time" (1967), in which he invents the Vulcan Pon Farr mating ritual, the Vulcan benediction "Live long and prosper", and the Vulcan hand symbol; he also creates the Prime Directive; the show creates a new social class of fans called Trekkies (Trekkers), coined by Arthur William Saha (1923-99), incl. TLW, who took to emulating a Spock haircut in 9th grade (1967); too bad, after some go overboard, they get a bad name as nerdy escapist losers without a life; it's really an attempt to prepare youth for the New Age Movement? On Sept. 8 (Thur.) Sy Weintraub's jungle adventure series Tarzan debuts for 57 episodes (until Apr. 5, 1968), starring Ronald Pierce "Ron" Ely (1938-), who grew up, got educated, and returned to the jungle minus Jane but with Cheeta. On Sept. 8 (Thur.) the sitcom That Girl debuts on ABC-TV for 136 episodes (until Mar. 19, 1971), starring marshmallow-bright Jewish Am. princess Marlo (Margaret Julia) Thomas (1937-) (daughter of Danny Thomas); her steady boyfriend Donald Hollinger is played by Howard Weston "Ted" Bessel (1935-96). On Sept. 9 Calif. gov. candidate Ronald Reagan gives a speech lashing out at UC pres. Clark Kerr for appeasing campus activists, saying that the univ. should be "isolated from political influence". On Sept. 9 (Fri.) the non-campy Batman alternative The Green Hornet debuts on ABC-TV for 26 episodes (until July 14, 1967), featuring the cool Green Hornet Theme by Al Hirt, and starring Van Zandt Williams (1934-) as Britt Reid AKA the Green Hornet, and chopsockey star Bruce Lee (Lee Jun-fan) (1904-73) as his sidekick Kato. On Sept. 9 (Fri.) Irwin Allen's The Time Tunnel debuts on ABC-TV for 30 episodes (until Apr. 7, 1967), starring teen idol James Darren (James William Ercolani) (1936-) as young physicist Dr. Tony Newman, who tests Project Tic-Toc on himself and gets lost in time, and is followed by Dr. Doug Phillips, played by Robert Colbert (1931-). On Sept. 10 the Beatles' Zen-filled Revolver album (released Aug. 5) goes #1, and stays there for 6 weeks. On Sept. 11 elections in Cambodia give Norodom Sihanouk's People's Socialist Community 80% of the seats; on Oct. 18 a new cabinet is formed under Gen. Lon Nol, who calls for better relations with the West. On Sept. 11 (9/11/66) (Sun.) the Sherwood Schwartz series It's About Time debuts on CBS-TV for 26 episodes (until Apr. 2, 1967), starring Frank Aletter (1926-2009) and Jack Mullaney (1929-82) as U.S. astronauts Mac and Hector, who break the speed of light and end up in the Stone Age, meeting cave woman Shad, played by Imogene Coca (1908-2001) and her hubby Gronk, played by Joe E. Ross (1914-82); despite being a flop, it has a cool It's About Time Theme Song. On Sept. 12 500 U.S. planes attack NVA supply lines and coastal targets in the heaviest air raid of the Vietnam War so far. On Sept. 12 after a year of black protests, the town of Grenada, Miss. becomes a scene of racial strife as white mobs attack black children trying to integrate white schools while the police do nothing; folk singer Joan Baez and other activists try to protect the children, only to be harassed by the police; on Sept. 16 a judge issues an injunction, causing state troopers to be called out; on Sept. 18 the FBI arrests 13 whites on conspiracy charges, causing the mobs to disappear; on Sept. 19 MLK Jr. addresses a rally of 650; too bad, the fight goes to another level as the children are harassed in the schools, causing walkouts, strikes, and boycotts the rest of the year - how can people in a free country be forced to mix? On Sept. 12 Gemini 11, carrying astronauts Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr. (1930-99) and Richard Francis Gordon Jr. (1929-) blasts off from Cape Canaveral, docks with an Agena target vehicle on Sept. 12, and returns on Sept. 15. On Sept. 12 (Mon.) Family Affair debuts on CBS-TV for 138 episodes (until Mar. 4, 1971), starring Robert Alba "Brian" Keith (1921-97) as well-to-do New York City civil engineer William Sean "Uncle Bill" Davis, and Charles Sebastian Thomas Cabot (1918-77) as his English butler Giles French, who are snookered into raising Bill's dead brother Bob's children, incl. Kathleen Marie "Kathy" Garver (1945-) as Catherine Patterson "Cissy" Davis, and cute tykes Mary Anissa Jones (1958-76) and John Orson "Johnny" Whitaker Jr. (1959-) as Elizabeth Patterson "Buffy" Davis and Jonathan Joshua Patterson "Jody" Davis; Buffy's doll Mrs. Beasley is marketed as a talking toy by Mattel; too bad, Jones dies of a drug OD on Aug. 28, 1976. On Sept. 12 (Mon.) the crime drama Felony Squad debuts on ABC-TV for 73 episodes (until Jan. 31, 1969), starring Howard Green Duff (1913-90), known for his forlorn eyebrows. as Det. Sgt. Sam Stone, who makes a cameo apperance in "Batman". On Sept. 12 (Mon.) the Western series The Iron Horse debuts on ABC-TV for 47 episodes (until Jan. 6, 1968), filmed on the Sierra Railroad in Sonora, Calif., starring Daryl Lymoine "Dale" Robertson (1923-2013) as gambler Ben Calhoun, who wins the incomplete Buffalo Pass, Scalplock & Defense Railroad in a poker game. On Sept. 12 (Mon.) the Hollywood-designed answer to the Beatles ("the Pre-Fab Four"), "Hey, Hey, We're"The Monkees debuts for 58 episodes on NBC-TV (until Mar. 25, 1968), starring English-bornDavid Thomas "Davy" Jones (1945-2013), Tex.-born Robert Michael Nesmith (1942-) (known for wearing a woolen hat), Los Angeles, Calif.-born "Circus Boy" George Michael "Micky" Dolenz Jr. (1945-), and Washington, D.C.-born Peter Tork (Peter Halsten Thorkelson) (1942-2019) debuts on NBC-TV, and runs for two seasons (58 episodes); created by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider (Raybert Productions), it features Euro avant-garde production techniques and music videos; the ad for auditions looking for "4 insane boys" appeared on Sept. 8, 1965, and 400 showed up, of which 14 were given screen tests; lifer con Charles Manson tried-out for a spot and didn't quite fit in? On Sept. 12 (Mon.) the action-adventure series The Rat Patrol debuts on ABC-TV for 58 episodes (until Mar. 18, 1968), about the Allied North African campaign in WWII targeting German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps, starring Christopher John George (1931-83) as Australian army Slouch hat-wearing leader Sgt. Sam Troy ("Let's shake it"), Gary Raymond (1935-) as black beret-wearing British Sgt. Jack Moffitt, Lawrence P. Casey (1940-) as Cpl. Mark T. "Hitch" Hitchcock, and Justin Tarr (Howard Kenneth Barnes) (1940-2012) as red French kepi-wearing Ky. moonshine runner PFC Tully Pettigrew; Hans-Jorg Gudegast (Eric Braden) (1941-) plays their main foe German Capt. Hans Dietrich. On Sept. 12 (8:30p.m.) the half-hour variety series The Roger Miller Show debuts on NBC-TV for ? episodes (until Dec. 26), starring "King of the Road" singer Roger Dean Miller Sr. (1936-92), who performs with the Eddie Karam Orchestra. On Sept. 13 Soviet news agency TASS reports clashes between the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Monkees, er, Red Guards. On Sept. 14-Nov. 24 Operation Attleboro sees 20K U.S. and South Vietnamese solders stage a search-and-destroy mission 50 mi. N of Saigon near the Cambodian border, uncovering a hidden base camp with a huge weapons cache in the jungle; North Vietnamese losses are 1,106 vs. 155 allied soldiers killed and 494 wounded. On Sept. 16 South Vietnamese Buddhist leader Thich Tri Quang ends a 100-day hunger strike. On Sept. 16 (Fri.) the sci-fi series The Girl from U.N.C.L.E. debuts on NBC-TV for 29 episodes (until Apr. 11, 1967) as a spinoff of "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.", starring Stefanie Powers (Stefanie Zofya Paul) (1942-) as April Dancer, and Noel John Christopher Harrison (1934-2013) (son of Rex Harrison) as her British partner Mark Slate; Powers is featured on the cover of the Dec. 31, 1966 TV Guide, which contains the soundbyte: "...allocating roughly $1,000 an episode for stretch vinyl jackets and skirts, a bare-midriff harem-dancer outfit, miniskirts and the latest mod fashions from London's Carnaby Street"; too bad: "Unlike her fellow U.N.C.L.E. agents, the ladylike April is not required to kill the bad guys. Her feminine charms serve as the bait, while her partner Noel Harrison provides the fireworks. She does carry, however, a perfume atomizer that sprays gas, earrings and charm bracelets that explode, among other interesting gadgets." On Sept. 17 (Sat.) Bruce Geller's hip spy show Mission: Impossible debuts on CBS-TV for 171 episodes (until Mar. 30, 1973), starring Steven Hill (Solomon Krakovsky) (Solomon Berg) (1922-2016) as team leader Dan Briggs (season one), followed by Peter Graves (1926-2010) (brother of "Matt Dillon in Gunsmoke" actor James Arness) as team leader Jim Phelps, Barbara Bain (1931-) and Martin Landau (1928-2017) as chameleon rubber-mask agents Cinnamon and Rollin Hand, Greg Morris (1933-96) as white-shirted has-to-be-black electronics whiz Barney Collier, and 6'4" Peter Lupus (1932-) as blue collar Italian muscleman Willy Armitage; in season four Leonard Simon Nimoy (1931-2015) replaces Landau as magician "The Great Paris", who is replaced in season six by Lynda Day George (1944-) as master of disguise Lisa Casey; the cool (5/4-time) Mission: Impossible Theme by Lalo Schifrin (1932-) is a hit single in 1968; the creeping feeling that the network execs are giving away the big secret of the JFK assassination conspiracy supercharges it? On Sept. 18 21-y.-o. Valerie Percy (b. 1945), daughter of future (1967-85) Repub. Ill. U.S. Sen. Charles H. Percy is murdered in the family mansion in Kenilworth on the North Shore of Chicago, Ill.; the killer is never caught; she was the head of her daddy's failed 1964 campaign for gov. Bye, Bye, Birchie, God is permanently barred from schools? On Sept. 21 after Ind. Dem. Sen. (1963-81) Birch Evans Bayh II (1928-) (pr. like buy) lets Senators buy, er, vote for a Senate resolution endorsing voluntary prayer as a way to look good to voters back home, the U.S. Senate votes 49-37 to defeat the Dirksen Amendment to the U.S. Constitution of Ill. Repub. Sen. Everett Dirksen to allow school administrators to provide for voluntary prayers in public schools; other attempts are made in 1963, 1964, 1971, and 1980-5, and the ceaseless pressure to put prayers back in schools continues until ? On Sept. 23 the U.S. admits that it defoliates jungles near the DMZ with sprayed chemicals. On Sept. 30 the self-governing British protectorate of Bechuanaland becomes the independent (within the British Commonwealth) Repub. of Botswana, with capital at Gaborone 70 mi. NW of Pretoria-Johannesburg; Sir Seretse ("the clay that binds together") Khama (1921-80) (knighted this year by Elizabeth II), son of Bamanagwato paramount chief Sekgoma Khama II becomes pres. #1 (until July 13, 1980), starting out as one of the world's poorest countries deeply in hock to the British, the discovery of diamond fields next year causes their economy to become the fastest-growing in the world until 1980, with Khama refraining from corruption and wisely investing the money in infrastructure, while allowing black militants to use Botswana as a base for raids on Rhodesia and later acting as the broker of the end of the Rhodesian civil war. In Sept. a 2nd meeting of Commonwealth heads on Rhodesia (first in Jan.) is held, issuing a communique supporting Britain's objections to using force, which Tanzanian pres. Julius Nyerere refuses to sign. In Sept. after several struggling New York newspapers decide to merge, the New York World Journal Tribune (aka "The Widget") (circ. 700K) begins pub.; too bad, after unions get pissed-off at the consolidation and cause 18 work stoppages, it closes next May 5. In Sept. As-Sa'iqa (Arab. "thunderbolt", "storm") is founded by the Baath Party of Syria, becoming a rival to Yassir Arafat's Fatah faction, and #2 in size in the PLO after them. On Oct. 1 West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes 5.5 mi. S of Wemme, Ore., killing all 13 passengers and five crew aboard, becoming the first crash of a Douglas DC-9, a brand-spanking new one at that; no cause is determined; on July 1, 1968 West Coast (founded 1946) merges with Pacific Air Lines and Bonanza Air lines to form Air West, which in 1970 becomes Hughes Airwest. On Oct. 2-24 Operation Irving sees the U.S. 1st Air Cavalry clear NVA troops from mountainous areas near Qui Nhon. On Oct. 3 Tunisia severs diplomatic relations with the UAR (Egypt); meanwhile pro-Western pres. #1 (since July 25, 1957) Habib Bourguiba (1903-2000), the Kemal Ataturk of North Africa, who has already raised the min. marriage age for women from 16 to 17 and for men from 18 to 20, and outlawed polygamy, legalizes abortion and establishes family planning clinics, influencing religious leaders to reinterpret the Quran to make it okay; by the end of the cent. the birthrate plunges from 7.2 to 2.1 per thousand, and its economy outstrips its Egyptian, er, overpopulated neighbors. On Oct. 3 the Soviet Union announces that it will join Red China in providing economic and military assistance to North Vietnam. On Oct. 3 after hyperinflation and massive govt. debt, Gen. Suharto announces economic reforms incl. austerity and deregulation, based on the recommendations of the Berkeley Mafia of U.S.-trained economists,reducing the inflation rate from 650% to 13% by 1969. On Oct. 4 Israel applies to join the European Economic Community (EEC). On Oct. 4 Lesotho (formerly Basutoland) becomes an independent crown colony within the British Commonwealth, ruled by Oxford-educated king Moshoeshoe II (1938-96) (until 1996), who is jailed until he agrees to abide by the constitution. On Oct. 5 UNESCO signs the Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers, acknowledging their essential role, causing the date to be celebrated as World Teachers' Day. On Oct. 5-9 the Baltimore Orioles (AL) (mgr. Hank Bauer) defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) (mgr. Walt Alston) 4-0 to win the Sixty-Third (63rd) World Series (their first), becoming the 2nd team to never trail an inning (1963 Dodgers); MVP Frank Robinson Jr. (1935-) becomes the 10th player to win baseball's triple crown (#9 is Mickey Mantle in 1956); the New York Yankees finish statistically last for the first time. On Oct. 6 Hanoi insists that U.S. bombing must cease before peace talks can begin - please stop the pain, he's killing my minutes? On Oct. 6 Calif. passes the Grunsky Bill, criminalizing LSD, after which other states speedily follow suit, causing the impossible-to-stop drug to become more popular?; meanwhile Indian guru Meher Baba (1894-1969) comes out against any spiritual benefits of LSD. On Oct. 7 the Soviet Union orders all Chinese students to leave the country by the end of Oct. On Oct. 7 a school bus is hit by a train in Vaudreuil-Dorion in Quebec, Canada, killing 19. On Oct. 10 the U.S. launches Operation Robin S of Saigon to protect roads - where's Batman? On Oct. 11 France and the Soviet Union sign a treaty of cooperation in nuclear research - so what did the GIs save them in WWII for? On Oct. 14 the $213.7M 26-station Montreal Metro begins operation, replacing the 1937 trolley bus system (closed June 28) with air-conditioned rubber-tired cars. On Oct. 15 Pres. Johnson signs a bill creating the U.S. Dept. of Transportation (DOT), which begins operation next Apr. 1. On Oct. 15 the U.S. Congress establishes the Pictured Rocks Nat. Lakeshore in Munsing, Mich. On Oct. 15 Monroe, La.-born Huey Percy Newton (1942-89) and Liberty, Tex.-born Robert George "Bobby" Seale (1936-) found the rev. Socialist Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in Oakland, Calif., with the motto "Power to the people"; too, blacks decide to exclude whites (esp. liberal Jews) from the U.S. civil rights movement, causing Jewish orgs. in the U.S. to stop representing Am. Jewish interests in favor of backing Israel. On Oct. 15 ABC-TV broadcasts the 90-min. musical Brigadoon, starring Robert Goulet, Peter Falk, and Sally Ann Howes, which becomes a big hit and causes a series of famous Broadway musicals to be shown on the same network until interest fizzes. On Oct. 15 spurred by the loss of the 1910 Penn Station in New York City in 1963, the U.S. Nat. Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is passed, creating the Nat. Register of Historic Places, the Nat. List of Historic Landmarks, and State Historic Preservation Offices, after which in 1967 the Denver Preservation Ordinance is passed in Denver, Colo., establishing the Denver Landmark Preservation Commission, which designations 300+ properties as landmarks. On Oct. 17 Lesotho and Botswana are admitted to the U.N. On Oct. 17 the daytime game show The Hollywood Squares debuts on NBC-TV (until June 20, 1980), hosted by Peter Marshall (1927-), featuring a giant tic-tac-toe board with a Hollyweird star in each square, with players having to agree or disagree with the answer to a question, which is often a bluff, but often isn't since the questions usually are in the celeb's area of expertise; super-funny alcoholic closet gay comedian Paul Edward Lynde (1926-82) (whose 24-y.-o. lover James "Bing" Davidson died after falling from the window of their room at Sir Francis Drake Hotel in San Francisco last year) becomes a hit and takes over center square on Oct. 14, 1968; it moves to ABC-TV in 1976; "Paul, can you get an elephant drunk? Yes, but he still won't go up to your apartment." On Oct. 17 12 New York City firemen are killed in a fire across 23rd St. from Madison Square Garden in New York City after a floor collapses beneath them, becoming the worst FDNY accident until 9/11. On Oct. 19-Nov. 2 Pres. Johnson visits Southeast Asia incl. New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, South Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea; on Oct. 24-25 the Manila Summit Conference in Philippines of seven nations headed by Johnson, incl. allies Australia, Philippines, Thailand, New Zealand, South Korea, and South Vietnam pledges to withdraw from Vietnam within 6 mo. if North Vietnam withdraws from the south, and to support Johnson's war otherwise. On Oct. 20 the 10th Annual San Francisco Film Festival begins; fading sex symbol ("the Working Man's Monroe") Jayne Mansfield (Vera Jayne Palmer) (1933-67) gets a free plane ticket to attend, and shows up in a hot pink dress with side vents sans bra and panties, pissing-off the Masonic Auditorium gen. mgr. David M. Sacks; former lion tamer Anton LaVey makes her the high priestess of his Church of Satan, but she ridicules his church and he pronounces her death within a year; actually it was her beau Sam Brody whom he cursed, but he visits her at her Pink Palace in Los Angeles in June 1967 two weeks before her death - more 666 vibes as his prediction comes true? On Oct. 21 the Aberfan Disaster sees water-soaked coal mines in Landsfford Aberfan, South Wales engulf the Pantglas Junior School and 16 homes, killing 144 incl. 116 children. On Oct. 22 in Britain former MI-6 agent George Blake (Behar) (1922-), son of an Egyptian-born Sephardic Jew who fought for the British in WWI, who betrayed his comrades to the East Germans and was sentenced to 42 years in 1961 (longest sentence in British history so far) breaks out of Wormwood Scrubs Prison in London, and turns up in East Berlin on Nov. 20, where he is welcomed as a Cold War hero - anything to do with the August 12 massacre? On Oct. 25 actress Debbie Reynolds sponsors the Girl Scout Piper Project to recruit Girl Scouts. On Oct. 26 Pres. Johnson visits U.S. troops at the deepwater Cam Ranh Bay (finest deepwater shelter in SE Asia) in South Vietnam 180 mi. NE of Saigon, becoming his first of two pres. visits to the country; too bad, he gets his old buddies Brown and Root (founded 1910) of Houston, Tex. billions of dollars in contracts to dredge the bay as part of a 4-co. consortium that builds 85% of the infrastructure needed by the Navy for the Vietnam War, causing anti-Vietnam War protesters to call it "Burn and Loot". On Oct. 27 China test-fires its first guided missile capable of carrying a nuclear warhead - Vietnam is saved for Communism? On Oct. 27 the U.N. takes Namibia away from South Africa; meanwhile a 23-year brush war begins in Namibia, with the Marxist South West Africa People's Org. (SWAPO) black rebel guerrilla movement (founded 1957 in Cape Town) demanding independence from white South Africa (ends 1988). On Oct. 29 the British Army drops its color bar. On Oct. 29 the delegation from Guinea at the OAU meeting in Ethiopia are taken hostage by the govt. of Ghana in Accra. On Oct. 30 the Zodiac Killer murders his first female college student in Riverside, Calif.; the police later claim that the first confirmed killing isn't until Dec. 20, 1968; he goes on to kill up to 28-38 in the Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco area by Oct. 1969 while sending taunting letters to the press that incl. four cryptograms, incl. the soundbyte ""[killing] gives me the most thrilling experience it is even better than getting your rocks off with a girl" - not too late for 666 zombie points? In Oct. student riots and strikes rock India, causing several univs. to be closed. In Oct. a new electoral law in Hungary gives the voters a modicum of choice - depending on how you define modicum? In Oct. North Korea begins returning to its old allegiance with the Soviet Union, backing off its support of Communist China and its Cultural Rev. - how 'bout them missiles? In Oct. the 2-chord megahit 96 Tears by Question Mark (?) and the Mysterians (a Hispanic band from Bay City, Mich.) hits #1 on the U.S. pop charts, creating the theme song of the entire mysterious 666 year? On Nov. 1 India creates two Sikh states, one for Punjabi speakers, the other for Hindi speakers. On Nov. 2 the U.S. Cuban Adjustment Act is passed, permitting 123K Cubans to apply for permanent residency, and granting any Cuban who reaches U.S. soil the right to stay; 260,560 make it by the time the program ends in 1973 - the catch is that it says soil, not waters? On Nov. 3 the U.S. Fair Packaging and Labeling (Truth in Packaging) Act is signed by Pres. Johnson, to take effect on July 1, 1967, mandating that labels print the net weight of every package, along with the identity of the product and name and address of the manufactuer, and controlling proliferation of package sizes as well as phony "cents off" labels; in 1992 metric labeling is also required; this doesn't stop tricky packaging that disguises the true cost per ounce; meanwhile consumers stage supermarket boycotts in Denver, Colo. and other major U.S. cities over high prices, causing the supermarket chains to fire back with claims of low profit margins, even though in June the Nat. Commission on Food Marketing (established by the U.S. Congress in 1964) pub. a study finding that they avg. 12.5% return on investment and charge more for poorer neighborhoods. On Nov. 4-5 the 1966 Arno River Flood in Florence, Italy kills 101, destroys 15K cars, leaves 20K homeless, and damages the Uffizi Gallery, destroying 1.5K works of art, and soaks 1.5M vols. at the Biblioteca Nazionale, causing celebs incl. Sen. Edward M. Kennedy and Richard Burton to pitch in to help; on Nov. 4 Venice is also flooded after the Po River overflows, killing 12 and making another 10K homeless. On Nov. 5 38 African states demand that Britain use force against Rhodesia. On Nov. 7 U.S. defense secy. Robert S. McNamara visits Harvard U., and is confronted by 800 student protesters organized by the SDS; 25 lie down under his car to prevent him from leaving, calling him a fascist and a murderer. On Nov. 7 Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko begins a 6-week tour of the U.S. On Nov. 8 after campaigning against activist students, high taxes, welfare spending, pollution, and "throwing money" at problems, and fending off the "you're just an actor" critics, Ronald Reagan defeats Pat Brown by over 1M votes to become Repub. gov. #33 of Calif. (until 1975); Repub. Edward William Brooke III (1919-2015) of Mass. becomes the first African-Am. elected to the U.S. Senate by popular vote since Reconstruction (85 years) (until 1979), winning by over 500K votes, and is the only black in the U.S. Senate until 1993 (Dem. Carol Moseley Braun); after a white racist candidate wins the Dem. primary in Md., causing blacks to back the Repub. nominee, Spiro T. Agnew (b. 1918) (whose portrait bears a striking resemblance to the comic strip hyena character Pogo?) becomes the first Greek-Am. to serve as a U.S. state gov. (Md.) (5th Repub. Md. gov. since 1776); during his brief term he sponsors the largest tax increase in Md. history, and wins passage of one of the country's toughest anti-pollution laws; Dem. Milton Jerrold Shapp (1912-94) loses the Penn. state gov. election to moderate Repub. lt. gov. Raymond Philip Shafer (1917-2006) (son of a First Christian Church pastor) after Philadelphia Inquirer owner (fellow Jew) Walter H. Annenberg, major shareholder in the Penn. Railroad, who was pissed-off at his attempts to block its merger with the New York Central, goes after him, getting a reporter to ask him if he's ever been a patient in a mental hospital, and then pub. a headline reading "Shapp Denies Ever Having Been in a Mental Home"; Shapp is finally elected in 1971-9. On Nov. 8 the U.S. Senate elections sees Repubs. win seats in Ore., Tenn., and Ill.; veteran (since 1946) segregationist Dem. Va. Byrd Sen. Absalom Willis Robertson (1887-1971) (father of future 700 Club TV evangelist Pat Robertson) is defeated in the primary in an upset by William Belser Spong Jr. (1920-97), who becomes U.S. Dem. Sen. of Va. (until 1973) after Robertson snubs LBJ on a train trip through the South to encourage support for the U.S. Civil Rights and U.S. Voting Rights Acts, pissing LBJ off, marking the end for the influence of Harry F. Byrd Sr. in Va. state politics. On Nov. 9 John Lennon first meets Yoko Ono at a preview of her exhibition at Indica Gallery in Mason's Yard, Mayfair, London, featuring a panel on the ceiling with the word "yes" on it, climbing a ladder and viewing it through an attached microscope, after which she passes him a card reading "Breathe", then won't let him hammer a nail into a white board that has a sign inviting visitors to do it because he didn't pay for admission, after which the gallery owner tells her who he is (she allegedly doesn't know), causing her to relent and offer to let him do it for five shillings, to which he replies "I'll give you an imaginary five shillings if you let me hammer an imaginary nail" - it was a long night, even layered and in a sleeping bag? On Nov. 10 former hurling and Gaelic football star John Mary "Jack" Lynch (1917-99) becomes PM (Taoiseach) #4 of Ireland (until Mar. 14, 1973), becoming "the most popular Irish politician since Daniel O'Connell." (Liam Cosgrave) On Nov. 11 the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church unite as the United Methodist Church. On Nov. 11 Gemini 12 blasts off from Cape Kennedy, Fla. with astronauts James Arthur "Jim" Lovell (1928-) and Edwin Eugene "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. (1930-), returning and splashing down in the Atlantic 350 mi. E of the Bahamas on Nov. 15. On Nov. 11 a mine kills three Israeli paratroopers on the border of the West Bank. On Nov. 11 the govt. of Spain declares a gen. amnesty for crimes committed by Falangists (fascists) in the Spanish Civil War of 1936-9 - say dragons with Sir Snaxalot? On Nov. 12 the New York Times reports that 40% of U.S. economic aid sent to Saigon ends up stolen or ends up on the black market. On Nov. 13 the ACLU appeals to U.S. college and univ. presidents to block efforts by the House Un-Am. Activities Committee to obtain membership lists of anti-Vietnam War campus orgs. On Nov. 13 after an al-Fatah land mine kills three Israeli soldiers on border patrol two days earlier, despite a Jordanian effort to curb Fatah sabotage since last year, Israeli forces attack the Jordanian-held village of Sammu, Jordan in reprisal for PLO raids, killing 16 and losing one Israeli, becoming Israel's largest military operation since the 1956 Suez Crises, helping lead to the Six-Day War. On Nov. 14the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 5-4 in Adderley v. Fla. that protesters arrested for trespassing on govt. property are not protected by the First Amendment, even though the dissenters point out that the govt. shouldn't be able to decide which public property can and can't be used for protesting. On Nov. 15 Pan Am Flight 708 (a Boeing 727 cargo flight) crashes near Berlin, Germany, killing all three aboard. On Nov. 16 after 9 years in jail, osteopathic physician Samuel Holmes "Sam" Sheppard (1923-70) is acquitted in his 2nd trial of charges of murdering his pregnant wife Marilyn in 1954 after his atty. F. Lee Bailey argues that excessive pre-trial publicity prevented him from having a fair trial, getting a new trial ordered on July 15, 1964; in 1969 after marrying and divorcing German divorcee Ariane Tebbenjohanns (half-sister of Joseph Goebbels' wife Magda), he becomes a prof. wrestler under the name "Killer Sheppard", inventing the Mandible Claw submission hold, then dies in 1970 of liver disease, the coroner finding two quarts of vodka in his stomach - positive juice from 666 this time? On Nov. 17 a Leonid meteor shower, caused by a passing comet peaks at 7K an hour over Ariz. On Nov. 17 the U.N. founds the U.N. Industrial Development Org. (ONUDI), with HQ in Vienna, Austria to promote and accelerate industrial development in developing countries - to spend U.S. money on the Third World? On Nov. 17 the Firesign Theatre debuts on radio station KPFK-FM in Los Angeles, Calif., going on to release 14 record albums via Columbia Records in 1968-76, incl. Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers (1970), I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus (1971), and The Tale of the Giant Rat of Sumatra (Jan. 1974), going on to become known as "the Beatles of Comedy"; fans incl. Rush Limbaugh. On Nov. 17 Pope Paul VI issues the bull Paenitemini, and on Nov. 18 U.S. Catholic bishops do away with the rule against Eating Meat on Fridays, after which fish sales drop then rebound - that proves it's the 666 year? On Nov. 19 the 55-ft.-long 7 in. diam. gunpowder-powered High Alt. Research Program (HARP) Gun of the U.S. defense dept. fires a 185 lb. (94kg) projectile to a record alt. of 111.8 mi. (180km). On Nov. 21 an attempted coup in Togo is crushed. On Nov. 21 the New York Times announces that the first American sex-change operations were performed at Johns Hopkins U. in Sept. and Oct. On Nov. 24 (Thur.) (Thanksgiving Day) the Dallas Cowboys ("America's Team") begin the annual tradition of playing in a special NFL football game so that fat Americans can watch them while stuffing their faces with turkey. On Nov. 24 the Beatles decide to reinvent themselves, and lock themselves up in a studio to begin recording their paradigm-shifting album #8 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band("the world's first 41-min. single"), which goes to become the #1 rock album of all time (until ?), launching the era of the studio album, selling 32M copies. On Nov. 26 the NASA Lunar Orbiter 2 is launched, sending back more photos of the Moon. On Nov. 27 after Blanco (Nat. Party) Alberto Heber Usher succeeds Washington Beltran, Gen. Oscar Diego Gestido (1901-67) is elected pres. of Uruguay in a comeback by the conservative Colorado Party; he takes office next Mar. 1 (until Dec. 6). On Nov. 27 OCD-suffering billionaire Howard Hughes arrives in Las Vegas, Nev. via railroad car in a stretcher, and occupies the 9th floor penthouse of the Desert Inn, buying it next year and becoming the world's most famous recluse, hiring a panel of mainly Mormon business advisors, dubbed the Mormon Mafia; after he fails to bribe presidents LBJ and Nixon to stop nuclear tests in Nev., he decides to leave the U.S. On Nov. 28 Truman Capote holds his legendary masked Black and White Ball at the Plaza Hotel in New York City in honor of Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham, inviting 540 high society guests, who soon find out that it's really to celebrate his hit book "In Cold Blood"; men wear black dinner jackets and masks, women wear white dresses and masks. On Nov. 28-Dec. 3 the Ninth Congress of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party discusses economic reforms - more fashionable coveralls? On Nov. 30 former British colony Barbados achieves independence from Great Britain, adopting the 1966 Barbados Constitution, and being admitted to the U.N. on Dec. 7. In Nov. Jack Warner sells Warner Bros. Pictures to Seven Arts Productions. On Dec. 1 after Ludwig Erhard's coalition collapses, conservative former Nazi (supposedly cleared for trying to hamper anti-Jewish actions in the radio propaganda dept.) Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1904-88) becomes chancellor of West Germany (until Oct. 21, 1969); in 1968 German-born non-Jew Beate Klarsfeld (nee Kunzel) (1939-) slaps him in the face during the Christian Dem. Party Convention in West Berlin, calling him a Nazi and calling for him to step down, which he refuses to comment on; she first heard about the Holocaust in 1960 from French Jew Serge Klarsfeld (1935-), whom she married in 1963, both spending their lives tracking down ex-Nazis, incl. Klaus Barbie; she gets a 1-year prison sentence; when Kiesinger dies his funeral procession is followed by more protesters. On Dec. 2 British PM Harold Wilson negotiates with Rhodesian PM Ian Smith on the HMS Tiger in the Mediterranean, agreeing to black majority rule within 15 years; too bad, the British govt. rejects the agreement on Dec. 5,, and appeals on Dec. 6 for U.N. sanctions. On Dec. 3 the 12-3 Incident (1-2-3 Riot) sees anti-Portuguese demonstrations held in Macau modeled after the Chinese Cultural Rev. turn into a riot, causing a curfew to be declared on Dec. 4. On Dec. 5 Mao's wife Jiang Qing gets her first official political job, consultant to the Chinese Army, in an effort to curb the uppityness of the Red Guards; too bad, she flops to their side. On Dec. 7 Syria offers weapons to Jordanian rebels. On Dec. 8 the Typaldos Line car ferry SS Heraklion sinks in rough seas in the Aegean Sea near Crete, killing 217. On Dec. 8-9 Pres. Johnson proposes discussions concerning treatment of POWs with a possible exchange, and Hanoi tells him to drop dead - send Rambo? On Dec. 9 (Fri.) Roman Catholics can eat meat for the first time on Fri. On Dec. 13-14 the U.S. bombs the village of Caudat near Hanoi for the first time, drawing internat. criticism, after which they call it an accident - come again? On Dec. 16 the U.N. Security Council votes 11-0-4 (Bulgaria, France, Mali, U.S.S.R.) to adopt Security Resolution 232, approving an embargo against Rhodesia of asbestos, iron ore, pig iron, chrome, sugar, tobacco, copper, animal products, oil and oil products, arms, ammo, military vehicles and aircraft, and equipment and material for the manufacture of arms and ammo, and adopts the Internat. Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Internat. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; on Dec. 17 South Africa refuses to participate, causing British PM Harold Wilson on Dec. 20 to withdraw all his offers to Rhodesia and announce that he will only agree to independence after a black majority govt. is founded; Portugal also refuses to participate. On Dec. 15 (9:30 a.m.) #1 U.S. family entertainer Walt Disney (b. 1901) (big cigarette smoker) dies of lung cancer in Burbank, Calif. On Dec. 22 the U.S. Congress gives 900K tons of grain to feed starving India. On Dec. 23 the U.S. agrees to send huge grain shipments to Pakistan to relieve the food shortage; the drought continues next year, but the Green Rev. starts to kick in with better strains of wheat and rice. On Dec. 23 CBS-TV broadcasts Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas, narrated by Boris Karloff, becoming an annual Xmas tradition. On Dec. 24 a military-chartered plane crashes into a village in Binh Thai, South Vietnam, killing 129. On Dec. 26 the U.S. Defense Dept. finally admits that some North Vietnamese civilians may have been bombed accidentally. 12-26-66, how Christmasy? On Dec. 26 Md.-born Malcolm X admirer Maulana Karenga (Swahili "master teacher nationalist") (Ronald McKinley "Ron" Everett) (1941-), 1965 founder of the cultural black nationalist group Org. Us after the Watts Riots, and (later chmn. of the black studies dept. at Cal. State Long Beach from 1989-2002) celebrates the first Kwanzaa (Swahili "first fruits"), billed as a 7-day non-religious African-Am. celebration of family and heritage, culiminating in the Karamzu feast, which attracts 5M participants annually by 1990; too bad, Karenga is convicted in 1971 of felony assault for torturing two women from his org., then goes Marxist in priz before being released in 1975, promulgating the Seven Principles of Blackness (Nguzo Saba). On Dec. 26 the Fame in '67 Show opens for three weeks at London's Saville Theatre, featuring R&B act Georgie Fame (Clive Powell) (1943-) and the Blue Flames, and Cat Stevens, who just released his first hit song "I Love My Dog"; Fame is the only U.K. act to be invited to perform with the first Motown Review in the U.K., which incl. The Supremes, Stevie Wonder, and Martha Reeves and the Vandellas. On Dec. 27 the U.S. stages a large-scale air assault on Viet Cong positions in the Mekong Delta using bombs and napalm; meanwhile the CBS News Special Report: Westmoreland on Vietnam is aired on CBS-TV, with Charles Collingwood and Morley Safer interviewing Gen. William Westmoreland on the negative military situation in Vietnam - duck, you sucker? On Dec. 30 (Fri.) the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. ends the year at 785.69, down from 969.26 at the end of last year. On Dec. 31 East German PM Walter Ulbrich flirts with negotiations on German reunification - simple, become Commies and we're okay? On Dec. 31 the Dulwich Art Gallery in London (founded 1817) is robbed of eight paintings worth £4.5M incl. three Rembrandts and three Rubens; after a measly £1K reward is offered, police get lucky and recover them a few days later but only catch one of the thieves, ambulance driver Michael Hall, who gets five years in prison. On Dec. 31 the Dem. Repub. of Congo takes over the Belgian mine Union Miniere du Haut Katanga (founded 1906). Burmese leader U Nu is released from political arrest and goes into exile in Thailand. In Quebec Daniel Johnson's Union Nationale defeats Jean Lesage's Liberal Party (in power since 1960), favoring two nations within the Canadian confederation, and ending the Quiet Rev. (begun 1960). White House nat. security advisor (since 1961) McGeorge Bundy leaves the govt. to become pres. of the Ford Foundation (until 1979). The U.N. passes two Internat. Human Rights Covenants and presents them to the U.S. for signing, but the latter cites Cold War concerns and refuses (one of them is ratified in 1992); meanwhile the U.S. is busy propping up repressive regimes around the world merely because they claim to be anti-Communist: Bolivia, Chile, Guatemala, Haiti, Iran, Liberia, Pakistan, Paraguay, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Vietnam, Sudan, Zaire et al. The U.N. adds four 2-year-term non-permanent seats to the U.N. Security Council to go with the five permanent seats (U.S., Soviet Union, U.K., France, Taiwan); in 1971 Red China replaces Taiwan, and in 1991 the Russian Federation replaces the Soviet Union. The Pacific Nuclear Test Center on the atoll of Mururoa, 1.2 km from Tahiti is completed by the French. Lovely atheist Romania outlaws abortion after finding that there are 4x as many abortions as live births (which doesn't stop women from doing it anyway?). Tex.-born black Manhattan, N.Y. borough pres. Percy Ellis Sutton (1920-2009) (former atty. of Malcolm X) calls on state legislators to repeal N.Y.'s 19th cent. anti-abortion law. S.C. passes a law banning tattoo parlors. A tortoise given to the King of Tonga by Capt. Cook finally dies. The U.S. Child Protection Act and Toy Safety Act of 1966 is passed, making finger-severing spherical Cherry Bombs (Global Salutes) and tubular M-80s (Salutes) firecrackers illegal in the U.S.; too bad, that only makes them more popular? The U.S. Motor Vehicle Safety Act mandates seat belts (introduced in the early 1960s), energy absorbing steering columns and dashboards, warning flashers and head restraints on new cars sold in the U.S. - a 1930s Duesenberg is still an expensive death trap? The U.S. Oil Pollution Act is amended to require prosecutors to prove gross and willful negligence, making it practically unenforceable. The Nat. Welfare Rights Org. is founded in the U.S. by black Cornell-educated chemist George Alvin Wiley (1931-73) to help welfare mothers, mainly black, adopting the Cloward-Piven Strategy of swamping the welfare rolls with applicants proposed by white Columbia U. profs. Richard Andrew Cloward (1926-2001) and Frances Fox Piven (1932-) in order to force an economic collapse leading to Obama, er, Socialism; after reaching a peak of 22.5K members in 1969, it goes bankrupt and disbands in Mar. 1975, and is succeeded by ACORN (Assoc. of Community Orgs. for Reform Now) (founded 1970). English artist-writer Eugene Halliday (1911-87) founds the Inst. for the Study of Hierological Values (ISHVAL), devoted to the insight that no school of thought has access to the only truth about reality, and no one religion possesses the only true path to God. "The one Eternal Religion which Hindu thought intuited appears in its historical aspect in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, as Law (Father), Love (Son) and Illuminative Knowledge (Holy Ghost). The Fourth Revelation (Maitreya) will but put these three together as of equal validity in the cosmic plan." Folk singer Pete Seeger founds Hudson River Sloop Clearwater to fight pollution in the Hudson River, and in 1969 launches the sloop Clearwater, with crew incl. singer Don McLean; the Hudson River Shad catch falls to 50 tons this year, most of it tainted, causing the Dept. of Interior Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to stop keeping records of it; meanwhile the U.S. becomes the last major nation to abandon the 3-mi. limit for fishing, extending it to 12 mi.; in 1976 they up it to 200 mi. The Franks Report on Oxford U. recommends increasing student body size by one-third, doubling the postgrad pop, increasing emphasis on applied science and technology, and creating a Council of Colleges along with a single entrance exam. An 8-y.-o. schoolboy in Miami, Fla. smuggles the fist-size Giant African Snail (Acatina fulica) into the U.S., after which his grandmother releases them in a garden, causing them to proliferate and menace state food crops by 1969; they are finally eradicated in 1976 at a cost of $1M - pass the herb butter? The Internat. Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), headed by Norman Borlaug is founded by the govt. of Mexico and the Rockefeller Foundation. The U.S. Congress approves a plan to send thousands of tons of tobacco to famine-stricken India after U.S. Rep. (D-N.C.) (1933-67) Harold Dunbar Cooley (1897-1974), chmn. of the House Committee on Agriculture says that it will help ease their tension and help them eat and assimilate their food better; after his remarks are expunged from the Congressional Record, he loses his reelection bid. The 305-mi. U.S.-funded gravel-asphalt Afghanistan Eisenhower Highway between Kabul and Kandahar opens, reducing travel time to 6.5 hours; by 1996 after Soviet tanks use it, the road deteriorates so much that the trip takes 23 hours, after which the U.S. rebuilds it in 2002-3 for $250M. A subway opens in growing Tbilisi, Georgia. The 240 MW Rance Tidal Works on France's Channel coast near the isle of Jersey is built, becoming the world's largest electricity plant using tidal power; too bad, it's a method that can slow the Earth's rotation. The De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter airplane, which can be equipped with pontoons or skis in place of wheels and can be flown slowly or in tight circles is test flown on June 7, opening up the Canadian Arctic to pilots. The Pony Car Year in Detroit? The 1967 GM Pontiac Firebird hits the market, revolutionizing the world of sporty muscle cars; meanwhile the Chevrolet Camaro hits the market, sharing its platform with the Firebird, along with the Mercury Cougar, which shares it platform with the Ford Mustang. The London Times begins running news instead of classified ads on its front page for the first time in 178 years. The Queen's Awards to Industry begin to be awarded in Britain for the top 100 firms in technological achievement or exports. The Skull of St. Titus (disciple of Apostle St. Paul) is returned to Heraklion, Crete from Venice, where it had been taken in 1669 when the Turks captured Crete. South Korean gen. Choi Hong Hi (1918-2002) founds the Internat. Taekwondo Federation, combining the Korean martial art of Taek Kyon with Japanese karate. Vietnamese Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh (1926-) is exiled, founding the Order of Interbeing, and embarking on a tour of the U.S., where he convinces Martin Luther King Jr. to oppose the war in Vietnam. Conservative Hudson Inst. think-tank founder Herman Kahn (1922-83) becomes a consultant to the U.S. Dept. of Defense (until 1968), opposing direct negotiations with North Vietnam in favor of sharp escalation, arguing that if the latter is not done then the U.S. needs an exit strategy; he also argues against starting a counterinsurgency, but after it begins he gives advice on how to wage it after noting that historically all successful wars required an effective police force in place first, which South Vietnam doesn't have. The Internat. Society for Krishna Counsciousness (ISKCON) (AKA Hare Krishna) Bhakti yoga sect is founded in New York City by Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1896-1977), becoming known for proselytizing in public places; followers become known for hanging out in public places singing, dancing, peddling incense and begging, confronting Americans with the strange sight of fellow Americans dressed up like Indians and selling out their Western heritage? The Committee for the Defense of the Vietnamese Woman's Human Dignity and Rights is founded in Saigon by women educators to protest the military "comfort women" brothels set up by the U.S. at Pleiku, Lai Khei, and other camps, with the soundbyte "The miserable conditions of war have forced our people to sell everything - their wives, children, relatives and friends - for the American dollar." First Nat. City Bank of New York introduces Dollar Certificates of Deposit in London, becoming the first new negotiable instrument in that market since 1888. The term "Afro" (AKA natural) is coined for the disturbingly big round bushy hairstyle of black-is-beautiful African-Ams. The saying "You better believe it" becomes popular in the U.S. U.S. primetime TV broadcasts are now almost 100% in color. Freemasonry reaches a peak membership of 3.6M in the U.S., going on to shrink by half by the end of the cent. The posh estate Sunnylands at 37977 Bob Hope Dr. at Frank Sintra Dr. in Rancho Mirage (near Palm Springs), Calif. is built by Walter and Leonore Annenberg, becoming known for celeb visitors incl. Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope, Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Queen Elizabveth II, Patrick Macnee, and Mary Martin, and U.S. presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and Gerald Ford, causing it to become known as "the Camp David of the West". After losing the New York City mayoral race last year, conservative big brain William Frank Buckley Jr. (1925-2008) begins producing the 1-hour TV show Firing Line for 1,429 episodes (until Dec. 1999), where he invites suckers to debate and let him cut them into ribbons with awkward questions delivered with them arching eyebrows and darting tongue, usually accompanied by a dazzling display of pre-Internet erudition, fusing traditional Am. political conservatism with lassez-faire economics and anti-Communism, laying the theoretical groundwork for Barry Goldwater, Ronald Reagan et al.; the theme music is J.S. Bach's conservative 1721 Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F major, 3rd movement. Louis Leakey sends anthropologist Diane Fosse to Africa after insisting on a preemptive appendectomy. After getting pissed-off at only 2% of 1.4K workers being Hispanic, the Denver, Colo.-based Crusade for Justice, Colo. chapter of the Am. GI Forum et al. organize a boycott of the Adolph Coors Co. of Golden, Colo.; in 1977 the AFL-CIO supports a strike by co. employees of Local 366, but after the co. hires non-union scabs the workers vote to decertify the union, and in 1987 after the co. changes some practices the AFL-CIO ends its boycott. Speaking of big boobs? Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Md. opens their Gender Identity Clinic (later Sexual Behaviors Consultation Clinic), performing 500 sex-change operations in the next six years, mostly men who want to be Dolly, er, women; by the end of the cent. the U.S. has 7K transsexuals. After a donation by Catherine Filene Shouse (1896-1994), Wolf Trap Nat. Park for the Performing Arts (originally Wolf Trap Farm Park) in Vienna, Va. (near Washington, D.C.) is established, becoming the first U.S. nat. park for the performing arts. The Calif. bumper sticker "MARY POPPINS IS A JUNKIE" becomes popular. After the Hawaiian Fashion Guild launched Operation Liberation in 1962, distributing two Aloha shirts to every member of the Hawaiian legislature, causing the Hawaiian Senate to pass a resolution recommending that they be worn all summer starting on Lei Day, Aloha Friday begins, with employers encouraging employees to wear them on Fridays a few months each year; the tradition slowly spreads to Calif. and then throughout the Western world, becoming known as Casual Friday. Disposable paper dresses in cans costing $1-$2 are marketed. Male cosmetics are introduced, incl. false "Executive Eyelashes", and "Brass Knuckles", an after-shave powder puff. Heriot-Watt U. in Edinburgh, Scotland is founded. The Biliotheque Nationale in Paris holds the exhibition Les Plus Belles Gravures Du Monde Occidental, 1410-1914 (Best Paintings of the Western World, 1410-1914). Franklin Rosemont (1943-) and Penelope Rosemont (1942-) found the Chicago Surrealist Group. Austrian conductor Carlos Kleiber (1930-2004), son of Austrian conductor Erich Kleiber, fresh from being kapellmeister in Zurich since 1966 is appointed kappelmeister in Stuttgart (until 1973), making his British debut at the Edinburgh Festival in Alan Berg's opera "Wozzeck", which his father had debut in 1925; he goes on to make a small number of conducting appearances until his death, wowing audiences with his cool timing and hand movements, and being touted as the #1 conductor of all time, although it may only be that he just kept himself from becoming overexposed? Natalie Wood becomes the first performer to accept the Harvard Lampoon's Worst Actress of the Year Award in person; the Harvard Crimson writes that she was "quite a good sport". Algerian-born French designer Yves Saint Laurent (1936-2008) opens the Rive Gauche (Left Bank) boutiques in Paris, selling ready-to-wear fashions. Actors Studio dir. (since 1951) Lee Strasberg (1901-82) founds Actors Studio West in Los Angeles, Calif., followed in 1969 by the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Inst. in New City and Los Angeles. The Science Fiction Writers of Am. founds the Nebula Award, which is touted as the next best thing to a Hugo. The Society for Creative Anachronism is founded by Am. novelist Marion Zimmer Bradley et al. to recreate and relive the Middle Ages and Renaissance - without the Black Plague? Rocksteady music originates in Jamaica as a successor to Ska and a precursor to Reggae. Am. rock critic ("Godfather of Modern Rock Journalism") (fan of Philip K. Dick) Paul S. Williams (1948-2013) in Jan. founds Crawdaddy!, the first serious rock mag., which champions The Velvet Underground, The Grateful Dead et al.; he leaves the mag. in 1968-93; he is in attendance at the Lennon-Ono Bed-In in Montreal. The Motion Picture Assoc. of Jack Valenti quietly drops enforcement of the 1934 Production Code, permitting graphic sex scenes, nudity, sadistic violence and obscene language, which coupled with a slew of depressing films where everybody dies at the end causes a drop in movie audiences of 34% over the next four years, compared to 34% during the TV invasion of 1950-60; in 1962 Bob Hope utters a soundbyte about the rapid removal of sexual censorship in U.S. movies: "Nowadays when a film is awarded the Production Code seal, the producer cries 'Where have we failed?'" 62-y.-o. actor Cary Grant has his only daughter Jennifer with 25-y.-o. wife Dyan Cannon, and stops making films, but sits on the board of GM and Faberge Cosmetics; he divorces Dyan in 1968. Paramount Pictures Corp. is purchased by Gulf & Western Industries. Narconon Internat. is founded in Hollywood, Calif. by Scientologist William Benitez with help from L. Ron Hubbard, incorporating in 1970, ending up owned by the Assoc. for Better Living and Education (ABLE), which is owned by the Church of Scientology, and is widely accused of being a quack outfit that is little more than a church front. After becoming a born-again Christian in 1962, Lubbock, Tex.-born charismatic prosperity gospel televangelist Kenneth Max Copeland (1936-), who calls Oral Roberts his "spiritual father" after becoming his pilot-chaffeur founds Kenneth Copeland Ministries in Tarrant County, Tex., with the motto "Jesus is Lord' (Romans 10:9), later claiming to have "brought over 122 million people to the Lord Jesus Christ"; in 2009 the IRS denies his $3.6M jet tax-exempt status and opens an investigation into the church's expenses, which Copeland refuses to cooperate with; his personal worth is estimated at $300M to $760M. Wal-Mart begins computerizing - no wonder they got richer than Microsoft? Jaguar Cars Ltd. and Austin-Morris Cars merge to form British Motor Holdings Ltd., producing Jaguar, Austin and MG cars; meanwhile Leyland Motors Ltd. acquires Rover Co. Ltd., producing Triumph and Rover cars. Studebaker goes out of business this year with its Avanti model. Hewlett-Packard introduces its first computer, the $50K HP 2116A, used for instrumentation applications, becoming their first use of ICs; not needing an air-conditioned room to operate, it is used by Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. on its research ships. Panasonic introduces the first Japanese-made color TV sets to the U.S; meanwhile Lucky Goldstar develops the first South Korean B&W TV set. Brita GmbH is founded in Taunusstein, Hesse, Germany by Heinz Hankammer (named after his daughter) to manufacture water filtration products using silver-impregnated carbon and ion-exchange resin disposable filters, with activated carbon made from coconut shells, and pitchers made from styrene methyl methylacrylate copolymer; in 2000-8 Clorox acquires the North Am. rights. The Interbank Card Assoc. is formed in the U.S. by several banks, led by Marine Midland Bank of N.Y., issuing Master Charge credit cards, which become the main rival to BankAmericard in 1979 they change the name to MasterCard after BankAmerica changes its name to Visa in 1977; too bad, they get off to a bad start as Master Charge cards are mailed to 5M names in the Chicago area before Christmas, incl. to criminals, causing massive credit card fraud, after which the U.S. Congress holds hearings next year to decide if they should be outlawed; meanwhile there are 2M BankAmericard holders and 64K merchant outlets; next year there are 5.7M Master Charge card holders who charge $312M total, growing to 40M holders who charge $13.5B. Sir Frederick Albert "Freddie" Laker (1922-2006) of British United founds Laker Airways, the first no-frills airline; after the early 1980s recession, it goes bankrupt on Feb. 5, 1982. The Japanese co. Yamaha becomes the largest manufacturer of pianos. Dutch immigrant Alfred H. Peet (1920-2007) founds Pete's Coffee & Tea in Berkeley, Calif., introducing custom coffee roasting to U.S. customers and going on to teach the 1971 founders of Starbucks, becoming known as "the Dutchman who taught America how to drink coffee". Cola drink bottlers in the U.S. receive an exemption from the FDA from having to list caffeine as an ingredient; each can or bottle contains 4 mg. per fluid oz., vs. 12-16 mg. for coffee. Kellogg introduces Product 19 breakfast cereal, becoming the first 100% fortified cereal. Gen. Mills introduces Bac*Os textured soy imitation bacon bits. Nestle introduces Taster's Choice freeze-dried instant coffee, overtaking Gen. Foods' Maxim brand coffee (introduced in 1964). Baskin-Robbins introduces peanut butter & jelly ice cream. Nestle's 100 Grand ($100,000) Bar, consisting of chocolate, carmel and crisped rice is introduced, named after a TV game show. Pocky chocolate-covered biscuit sticks are introduced by Ezaki Gilco of Japan; in 1971 almond coatings are introduced, followed in 1977 by strawbery coatings; they are usually served with a glass of ice water; in 1983 Pepero cookie sticks are introduced by Lotte Confectionary of South Korea, pissing-off Pocky, who sues. Crunch 'n Munch caramel-coated popcorn with peanuts is introduced by the Franklin Nut Co.; in 1980 it is acquired by Am. Home Foods, which is renamed Internat. Home Foods in 1996; in 2006 it is acquired by ConAgra; in 2004 the New York Yankees switch from Cracker Jack to it, only to switch back after a public outcry. Architecture: On Nov. 9 the $25M Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Arena in Oakland, Calif. opens as the home of the NBA Golden State Warriors and WHL Calif. Seals; in 1996-7 it is renovated at a cost of $121M, expanding seating from 15K to 19,596; in Oct. 2006 it becomes Oracle Arena (The O), AKA the Roaracle because of the super-high-level crowd noise. On Nov. 17 the $6.4M San Diego Sports Arena (originally San Diego Internat. Sports Center, followed in 2004-7 by IPayOne Center, and in 2010 by Valley View Casino Center) in San Diego, Calif. opens as the home of the WHL San Diego Gulls, becoming the #1 U.S. sports facility for 10K-15K seating. The Akosombo Dam (begun 1961) on the Volta River in Ghana is built, creating Lake Volta next year. The Gettysburg Nat. Military Park in Gettysburg, Penn. is established by commemorate the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg and Nov. 19, 1963 Gettysburg Address. The Salang Tunnel through the Hindu Kush linking N and S Afghanistan opens, becoming the world's highest tunnel (11,034 ft. alt.). Monte Cassino Abbey, founded in the 6th cent. by St. Benedict of Benedictine Rule fame then destroyed by the Allies on Feb. 15, 1944 is rebuilt by the Italian govt. and reconsecrated by Pope Paul VI. The IBM Aerospace Bldg. in Los Angeles, Calif. designed by Eliot Fette Noyes (1910-77) (designer of the IBM Selectric Typewriter) is completed; Noyes goes on to design the IBM bldg. in Garden City, N.Y. (1966), the IBM Pavilion Hemisfair in San Antonio, Tex. (1968), and the IBM Mgt. Development Center in Aramonk, N.Y. (1980); meanwhile he designs a new look for Mobile gas stations. On Feb. 8 the North Am. Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) opens its binational (U.S.-Canadian) A-bomb-proof Cheyenne Mountain Complex near Colorado Springs, Colo., created by digging 700K tons of granite out of the Rocky Mts.; in 1975-6 it switches from copper wire to fiber optics to link its computers. Sports: On Jan. 26 the Chicago Bulls becomes Chicago's 3rd NBA team. On Feb. 9 the Los Angeles Kings NHL team is founded in Los Angeles, Calif. by Jack Kent Cooke, playing their home games at The Forum in Inglewood, Calif in 1967-99. On Feb. 26 the 1966 (8th) Daytona 500 is won by #43 Richard Petty (2nd time) in a 1966 Plymouth in a 198-lap race shortened by rain. On Mar. 8 the Nat. Football League (NFL) and Am. Football League (AFL) announce a merger. On Mar. 12 Robert Marvin "Bobby" Hull (1939-), #9 of the Chicago Black Hawks scores his 51st goal against the New York Rangers, setting the NHL single season scoring record; too bad, Wayne Gretzky blows it away in 1981-2 with 92;. On Mar. 12 English-born Am. jockey John Eric "Johnny" Longden (1907-2003) (who luckily missed his ride on the Titanic in 1912) rides George Royal to win the San Juan Capistrano Handicap at Santa Anita in Calif. for his 6,032th win, then retires. On Mar. 19 the 1966 NCAA Men's Div. 1 Basketball Championship sees the 27-1 Texas Western Miners under head coach (1961-99) Donald Lee "the Bear" Haskins (1930-2008) use all black starters to defeat the top-ranked "white bread" 28-0 U. of Kentucky Wildcats under head coach (1930-72) Adolph Frederick Rupp (1901-77) by 72-65, breaking the college basketball color line in the South, with the soundbyte: "I just wanted to put my five best guys on the court... I just wanted to win that game"; after the Southern backlash, led by Rupp, who calls the blacks quasi-prof. street thugs imported from the North to win the title, Haskins comments: "I wished for a long time that we had never won that game with Kentucky because life would have been a heck of a lot easier for me, my school and my players"; future coach Pat Riley plays for Ky.; since the Texas players use slam dunks, the NCAA outlaws them next year (until 1977); Rupp retires in 1972 after 42 years, with 24 SE Conference titles and four NCAA titles; in 2006 Disney releases the film "Glory Road" about the game. On Apr. 17-28 the 1966 NBA Finals is won 4-3 by the Boston Celtics (8th in a row) (coach Red Auerbach) over the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Fred Schaus). On Apr. 24-May 5 the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Detroit Red Wings by 4-2 to win the 1966 Stanley Cup Finals, becoming their 7th win in 11 years; MVP is 5'8" Red Wings goalie Roger Allan Crozier (1942-96), becoming the first goaltender to win and the first to win in a losing effort. On May 11-12, 1966 after the NBA introduces a coin flip between the worst two teams to decide who picks #1, the 1966 NBA Draft sees 10 teams select 112 players in 19 rounds; 6'5" guard Cazzie Lee Russell (1944-) of the U. of Mich. (#33) is selected #1 by the New York Knicks (#14/#33), moving to the Golden State Warriors (#32) in 1972-74, and the Los Angeles Lakers (#33/#32)in 1974-8, becoming their last player to wear #32 prior to Magic Johnson; 6'3" guard David "Dave" Bing (1943-) of Syracuse U. (#22) is selected #2 by the Detroit Pistons (#21), winning NBA rookie of the year, then leading the NBA with 2,142 points in the 1967-8 season; he goes on to move to the Washington Bullets (#21) in 1976-7, and the Boston Celtics (#44) in 1977-8; after retiring in 1978, he becomes Dem. mayor #24 of Detroit, Mich. in 2009-13; 6'10" center-forward Clyde Wayne Lee (1944-) of Vanderbilt U. (#43) is selected #3 by the San Francisco Warriors (#43), moving to the Atlanta Hawks (#43) in 1974, and the Philadelphia 76ers (#34) in 1974-6; 6'5" guard-forward Louis Clyde "Sweet Lou" Hudson (1944-2014) of the U. of Minn. (#14) is selected #4 by the St. Louis Hawks (#23), moving to the Los Angeles Lakers (#23) in 1978-9; 6'7" forward-guard John Warren "Jack" Marin (1944-) of Duke U. is selected #5 by the Baltimore Bullets (#15/#24), leading the NBA in free throw percentage in the 1971-2 season before being traded to the Houston Rockets (#24) in 1973 in exchange for Elvin Hayes, moving to the Buffalo Braves (#42) in 1974-5, and the Chicago Bulls (#24) in 1975-7 before retiring to enter law school; 6'9" forward-center John William Block Jr. (1944-) of USC is selected #27 by the Los Angeles Lakers (#34); moving to the San Diego Rockets (#34) in 1967-71, followed by several teams ending with the Chicago Bulls (#35) in 1974-6; 6'2" guard Archie L. Clark (1941-) of the U. of Minn., known for his Shake and Bake crossover dribble is selected #37 by the Los Angeles Lakers (#21), moving to the Philadelphia 76ers (#21) in 1968-71, the Baltimore Bullets (#21) in 1971-4, the Seattle SuperSonics (#21) in 1974-5, and the Detroit Pistons (#11) in 1975-6, going on to co-found the Nat. Basketball Retired Players Assoc. in 1992. On May 30 the 1966 (50th) Indianapolis 500 is won by Norman Graham Hill (1929-75) of England, who won the Monaco Grand Prix in 1963-5, and again in 1968-9, and wins the Le Mans in 1972, becoming the first to win the Triple Crown of Motorsport (until ?). On June 13 Ariz. State outfielder Reginald Martinez "Reggie" Jackson (1946-) signs a contract with the Kansas City Athletics for $85K after being picked #2 overall in the ML baseball draft; he plays for them through the 1975 season. On July 11-30 after 16 African nations boycott over a rules dispute, England defeats W Germany 4-2 in OT in Wembley Stadium to win the 8th FIFA World Cup of Soccer, becoming their first win (until ?), and the first host to win since World Cup play began in 1930; BBC commentator ? utters the immortal soundbyte as Geoff Hurst scores: "Some people are on the pitch. They think it's all over... It is now"; on Mar. 20 (Sun.) before the match, after being put on display in a shop window, the Jules Rimet World Cup Trophy is stolen, then recovered 1 mo. later in a garbage pile by a black-white mongrel dog named Pickles (-1967) and his owner David Corbett, who receives £1K for newsreel rights, while the dog receives a gourmet meal. On July 22 Altamont Speedway (Raceway Park) in Tracy, Calif. opens; it closes in Oct. 2008. On Oct. 1 (All Saints Day) after sports exec David Dixon (1923-) sees the Astrodome in Houston, Tex. and says "I want one of these, only bigger", the New Orleans Saints football team receives an NFL franchise, and on Nov. 8 La. voters approve a constitutional amendment to build the La. Superdome, estimated at $35M; too bad, it doesn't get started until Aug. 11, 1971, and when finished on Aug. 3, 1975 it costs $165M. On Nov. 8 Pres. Johnson signs a bill granting anti-trust immunity to the AFL-NFL merger. On Nov. 19 the College Football Game of the Century pits undefeated U. of Notre Dame U. against undefeated Michigan State U., and ends in a 10-10 tie, after which Notre Dame is voted nat. champ. On Nov. 27 the Washington Redskins defeat the New York Giants by 74-21, becoming the highest-scoring game in NFL history (until ?). Joseph Vincent "Joe" Paterno (1926-2012) becomes head coach of the Penn. State U. football team, the Nittany Lions (until ?). The Milwaukee Braves become the Atlanta Braves, retaining star Hank Aaron. After a test game in Sao Paulo in 1965 is won 118-109 by the Corinthians of the South Am. League over the Real Madrid team of the Euroleague, the FIBA Internat. Cup (FIBA Club World Cup) is founded by FIBA as an amateur basketball world championship; the Akron Wingfoots of the U.S. win the cup in 1967, 1968, and 1969 against Spartak Brno, Ignis Varese, and Real Madrid; in 1973 the cup adds the name William Jones after the FIBA secy.-gen.; in 1987 it is succeeded by the McDonald's Championship. Kauai King (1963-89) (jockey Don Brumfield) wins the Preakness Stakes and the Kentucky Derby. Jack Nicklaus wins the Masters golf tournament for a 2nd straight year (3rd time), along with his first British Open; William Earl "Billy" "Buffalo Bill" Casper (1931-2015) wins a playoff against Arnold Palmer in the U.S. Open, making him the year's biggest money winner with $121,944.92. Manuel Martinez "Manolo" Santana (1938-) from Spain defeats Richard Dennis Ralston (1942-) of the U.S. to win the Wimbledon men's tennis singles title, and Billie Jean King (1943-) of the U.S. wins the women's singles title, first of three in a row; Frederick Sydney "Fred" Stolle (1938-) of Australia wins the U.S. Open singles title, and Maria Bueno of Brazil wins the women's singles title for the 4th time in eight years; Australia defeats India 4-1 to win the Davis Cup of tennis. The Western Hockey League (WHL) (originally Canadian Major Junior Hockey League until 1967, then Western Canadian Hockey League until 1978) major junior (ages 16-20) ice hockey league is founded by seven teams in Sask. and Alberta, establishing the Ed Chynoweth Cup, whose winner moves on to play for the Memorial Cup; by 2015 there are 17 W Canadian teams and five NW U.S. teams. After suffering a fractured cheekbone from Mets pitcher Jack Fisher, Chicago Cubs 3rd baseman (1960-73) Ronald Edward "Ron" Santo (1940-2010) becomes the first ML player to wear a batting helmet with protective ear flaps. 18-y.-o. blonde-haired 6'0" "hockey defenceman Robert Gordon "Bobby" Orr (1948-) joins the NHL Boston Bruins (until 1976), helping them win eight straight playoffs and two Stanley Cups. Architecture: On Aug. 6 the 1.5-mi. Salazar (25th of April) Suspension Bridge in Lisbon, Portugal, built by the builders of San Francisco's Gate Bridge opens, becoming the 5th longest in the world (until ?). On Sept. 2 the Whitney Museum of Am. Art Bldg. at 945 Madison Ave. and East 75th St. in Upper East Side, New York City (begun 1963) opens, designed by Hungarian-born Am. modernist architect Marcel Lajos Breuer (1902-81); in Mar. 2016 it becomes the Met Breuer. On Sept. 16 the $45.7M 3,788-seat Metropolitan Opera House in the Lincoln Center, designed by Wallace K. Harrison (1895-1981) (brother-in-law of Abby Rockefeller), with two 30' x 36' Murals by Marc Chagall in the foyer opens to the world debut of Samuel Barber's opera Antony and Cleopatra starring Leontyne Price, which is a disaster; it replaces the 83-y.-o. 3,625-seat Met at 39th Ave. and Broadway, which is demolished next year. The 4.1 mi. 1,232-ft (370m) span Astoria-Megler Bridge across the mouth of the Columbia River opens on Aug. 27, linking Astoria, Ore. and Megler, Wash., completing the Pacific Coast Highway between Mexico and Canada, and becoming the largest continuous truss span on Earth. Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis, Mo., home of the St. Louis Cardinals opens on May 12 in time to host the ML All-Star game; the last Cardinals game is played on Oct. 19, 2005; it is replaced on Apr. 4, 2006 by the New Busch Stadium. The Four Queens Casino (begun Nov. 16, 1964) (named after the daughters of owner Benn Goffstein) on Fremont St. in downtown Las Vegas is opened, becoming home to the Queen Machine, the world's largest slot machine. The 67-ft. minimalistic stumpy Christ of the Ozarks statue on Magnetic Mountain outside Eureka Springs, Ark. (begun 1964) is completed by sculptor Emmet Sullivan (1887-1970) (student of Gutzon Borglum) for anti-Semitic white supremacist conservative Christian preacher Gerald Lyman Kenneth "L.K." Smith (1898-1976), founder of the Am. First Party in 1944, a former associate of Huey P. Long, who leads the hardcore anti-Semitic element in the U.S. and claims that Jesus was a blue-eyed blonde and not a "modern hook-nose shopkeeper, money-changer, brothel owner and whiskey peddler", also that the 6M Jews allegedly murdered by the Nazis were secretly illegally immigrated to the U.S. to keep FDR in power - and all those German U-boats missed them? Nobel Prizes: Peace: no award; Lit.: Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1888-1970) (Israel) and Nelly Sachs (1891-1970) (Sweden) [both Jews]; Physics: Alfred Kastler (1902-84) (France) [optical pumping]; Chem.: Robert Sanderson Mulliken (1896-1986) (U.S.) [molecular orbital theory]; Medicine: Charles Brenton Huggins (1901-97) (U.S.) [hormonal treatment of cancer] and Francis Peyton Rous (1879-1970) (U.S.) [role of viruses in cancer transmission]. Inventions: In Jan. the Chinese Chengdu J-7, a version of the Mig-21 makes its first flight; 2.4K are produced by 2013. On Apr. 21 65-y.-o. coal miner Marcel L. DeRudder (b. 1901) has an artificial heart implanted at Houston Methodist Hospital in Tex. by Michael Ellis DeBakey (1908-2008); too bad, he never comes out of a coma. On Aug. 2 the variable-sweep wing Sukhoi Su-17 "Fitter" fight-bomber makes its first flight, entering service in 1970, becoming popular throughout the Eastern Block, Middle East, and Latin Am. as the Su-20 and Su-22; by 1990 2,867 are produced. On Oct. 16 the Caspian Sea Monster (KM) ground effect vehicle (ekranoplan) makes its first flight, featuring 10 engines and Y-shaped tail, designed by Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev (1916-80); too bad, it sinks in 1980. On Dec. 22 the Northrop HL-10 heavyweight inverted airfoil lifting body aircraft makes its first flight to evaluate its reentry ability for space; only one is built. The heavily-armed long-endurance low alt. (7K ft.) Lockheed AC-130 ground-attack gunship, based on the C-130 Hercules makes its first flight; the AC-130U Spooky features a 5-barrel 25mm 2K-4K rounds/min. GAU-12 Equalizer Gatling gun for mowing down gooks; 47 are built by 2015. The first Botts Dots raised highway lane markers, invented by Caltrans chemist Elbert Dysart Botts (1893-1962) are installed in Calif., helping drowsy drivers know when they stray past the double yellow line. Cassette Tapes are introduced commercially based on a compact standard. Robert Dennard (1932-) of IBM invents the 1-transistor Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), which has to be continuously refreshed, and is later called the crude oil of the Info. Age because they are cheaper and use less space than static RAMs; they are first produced commercially in 1970; by 1979 the Japanese have a 42% market share. Swiss-born Richard Robert Ernst (1933-) and Weston A. Anderson of Varian Assocs. in Calif. invent Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, winning Ernst the 1991 Nobel Chem. Prize. Hewlett-Packard invents GaAsP LEDs (gallium arsenide phosphide light-emitting diodes), which are used in street and automobile lighting applications. Gabriel Groner, Tom Ellis et al. of Rand Corp. develop the Graphical Input Language (GRAIL) software system to recognize handwriting using a Rand Tablet. Am. inventor Arthur Minasy (1926-94) invents a plastic-coated magnetic store tag to protect store items from being shoplifted. Frederick A. Mosby (1924-) of Gen. Electric invents the Tungsten Halogen Lamp, which uses iodine in a quartz heat lamp to increase life and efficiency over an incandescent lamp. Martin Richards of Cambridge U. designs the Basic Combined (Computer) Programming Language (BCPL), the first curly bracket programming language, which later is used to develop the C programming language. German-born Jewish-Am. computer scientist Joseph Weizenbaum (1923-2008) (Einstein lookalike?) invents the ELIZA computer program (chatterbot) (taken from G.B. Shaw's "Pygmalion", 1913), which mimics an empathic psychologist, and later becomes a popular computer game; too bad, users take the pattern-matched stereotyped responses seriously, setting Weizenbaum off into a philosophical search for the meaning of AI. Gen. Electric develops the hard plastic Noryl. The 98-cent SuperBall (Super Ball) is introduced by Wham-O, invented in 1964 by chemist Norman H. Stinley of Bettis Rubber Co., made of vulcanized Zectron, containing his invention polybutadiene synthetic rubber, along with hydrated silica, zinc oxide, stearic acid et al., and pressured to 80 atm., causing it to bounce to 92% of its initial height; a giant hit, 6M are sold by the end of the year, when the price slides to 10 cents; on July 25 after his daughter says the word "Super Ball" with her Texas twang, AFL founder Lamar Hunt writes a letter to NFL commissioner Pete Rozzell, coining the name Super Bowl for the AFL-NFL Championship game, which is officially adopted with Super Bowl #3. Science: The Bohm-Jacopini (Böhm-Jacopini) Structured Program Theorem is pub. by Italian computer scientists Corrado Bohm (Böhm) (1923-) (whose 1951 dissertation describes the first meta-circular compiler, written in its own language) and Giuseppe Jacopini, proving that any function can be computed by a program sans go to statements if there are enough local program location variables, turning on computer scientists Edsger W. Dijkstra et al., who begin a campaign to ban the go to completely. Am. microbiologist Thomas Dale "Tom" Brock (1926-) studies the thermal springs in Yellowstone Nat. Park, discovering the hyperthermophile Thermus aquaticus, which yields the enzyme Taq polymerase, which later becomes useful for amplifying DNA. The Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is established by the Internat. Council of Scientific Unions to determine internationally-accepted values for all fundamental physical constants - oh my God? CIA polygraph expert Buck Blackster, er, Grover Cleveland "Cleve" Backster Jr. (1924-2013) begins experiments on plant consciousness by hooking one up to the leaves of a philodendron and observing that the electrical resistance changes when it is harmed or even threatened with harm; he also claims that human thoughts and emotions can be sensed by plants - macho carrots are bigger liars? English psychologist Sir Cyril Burt (1883-1971) pub. his research on 53 pairs of monozygotic twins, indicating that IQ levels are determined mainly by inheritance; too bad, he burns his records before he dies, allowing his critics (who are rocked to their socks by the implications, esp. with loose cannon William Shockley on deck) to claim that he falsified his data, while not wanting any more research done of course, until other studies reproduce his results, after which they only become more entrenched? Am. geophysicists Allan Verne Cox (1926-87), Richard Doell (1923-2008), and G. Brent Dalrymple (1937-) of Stanford U. determine that the Earth's magnetic field has undergone periodic reversals - it means it doesn't matter where you start, it all comes together, it all falls apart? Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923-2008) of the U.S. transfers the New Guinea cannibal disease Kuru (AKA laughing sickness and mad human disease) from humans to chimps, becoming the first prion disease to be described, winning him the 1976 Nobel Med. Prize; too bad, in 1996 he is convicted of child molestation - after getting it himself? New York City-born physicist Leo Philip Kadanoff (1937-2015) develops a block spin technique for magnets, breaking down an Ising grid into fewer blocks repeatedly to rescale or renormalize the material properties, applying the concept to second-order phase transitions, making him a star, after which in 1971 Kenneth Geddes "Ken" Wilson (1936-2013) combines his idea with his teacher Murray Gell-Mann's 1954 idea of combining an electron's infinite theoretical charge with its finite measured charge to create an effective charge that varies with distance to create the concept of < a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renormalization_group">Renormalization Group, which allows systematic investigation of the changes in a physical system as viewed at different scales, winning him the 1982 Nobel Physics Prize. The Screwworm Fly is eradicated in the U.S. via radiation sterilization developed by entomologist Edward F. Knipling (1910-2000). Chinese-born engineer-physicist Charles Kuen Kao (1933-) ("Father of Fiber Optics") and British engineer George Alfred Hockham (1938-2013) of Standard Telecommunications Labs in England demonstrate the practicability of Fiber Optics by proving that high losses are caused by impurities in the glass and not by the glass itself, winning Kao a share of the 2009 Nobel Physics Prize. Terje Lomo of Norway first describes Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), the putative cellular mechanism of memory and learning, which he observes in a rabbit hippocampus. Am. biochemists Marshall Warren Nirenberg (1927-2010), Har Gobind Khorana (1922-2011), and Robert William Holley (1922-93) of the U.S. crack the Genetic Code, determining which sequences of three nucleotides correspond to each of the 20 amino acids, and demonstrating the existence of Messenger RNA (mRNA), winning them the 1968 Nobel Med. Prize; meanwhile Am. molecular biologist Sol Spiegelman (1914-83) et al. of the U.S. discover an enzyme that allows RNA molecules to duplicate themselves - Pandora's Box is opened? Paul Douglas Parkman (1932-) and Harry Martin Meyer Jr. (1928-2001) of the Nat. Insts. of Health (NIH) in Auburn, N.Y. develop the first effective inexpensive Rubella (German Measles) Vaccine, causing the U.S. rubella epidemic of 1963-5 to be the last (until ?); in the 1970s it becomes a component of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine given to infants at 15 mo.; too bad, other countries are slow to use it, causing frequent epidemics as late as 1998-9 in Greece. Am. 6'6" biologist Robert T. Paine (1933-) of the U. of Washington coins the term "keystone species" to describe the Pisaster ochraceus starfish, which feeds on mussels on Tatoosh Island and keeps up the pop. of sea anemones, limpets, and barnacles. Am. neurologists Fred Plum (1924-2010) and Jerome B. Posner coin the term Locked-In Syndrome (LIS)for a vegetative state with higher order brain functions intact. English astronomer Sir Martin Rees (1942-) discovers anomalous quasars with components that seem to separate from each other at speeds greater than c; they are later explained by the light heading at a small angle toward the observer. Brooklyn, N.Y.-born psychologist Julian B. Rotter (1916-) pub. a paper proposing the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (I-E Scale). Michael B. Sporn et al. of Dartmouth College discover that aflatoxins caused by the Aspergillus flavus mold growing on peanuts cause liver damage and cancer. Microexpressions in humans are discovered by E. Haggard and K.S. Isaacs, later used in the Fox Network series "Lie to Me" (2009-). The 2-mi. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) linear particle accelerator (begun 1962) begins operation on Feb. 10; it is officially dedicated next Sept. 9. The U.S. FDA releases a Report on the Pill, finding "no adequate scientific data at this time proving these compounds unsafe for human use"; too bad, most U.S. women are still leery of using oral contraceptives because of side effects, while France and other Catholic countries still prefer onanism, i.e., coitus inerruptus, although when Onan did it in the Bible, God killed him (Gen. 38:8-10)? High Lysine Corn is developed in the U.S.; meanwhile refined sugar (sucrose) has 86% of the U.S. sweetener market, and High Fructose Corn Syrup, which is pioneered next year by Clinton Corn Processing Co. of Clinton, Iowa has 0% of the market (0 lbs. per capita), after which it begins its rise to #1, reaching 55% (62.6 lbs. per capita) in 2001. Nonfiction: Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), How to Read a Book: A Guide to Reading the Great Books; rev. of 1940 bestseller. Thomas J.J. Altizer (1927-2018), The God of Christian Atheism. Am. Bible Society, Good News for Modern Man: The New Testament in Today's English; sells 30M copies by 1971; spawns the Jesus Freaks mass movement in the U.S. (ends mid-1970s); the Old Testament pub. in 1976. Robert Ardrey (1908-80), The Territorial Imperative: A Personal Inquiry into the Animal Origins of Property and Nations; human beings are naturally territorial like songbirds? Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Home: Social Essays; incl. "Cuba Libre", and "The Legacy of Malcolm X and the Coming of the Black Nation". Paul A. Baran (1909-64) and Paul (1910-2004), Monopoly Capital: An Essay on the American Economic and Social Order; draws attention to the monopolistic economy being created by megacorporations, giving new life to the New Left. Erik Barnouw (1908-2001), A Tower in Babel: A History of Broadcasting in the United States to 1933; vol. 1 of 3 (1966-70). George Beadle (1903-89) and Muriel Beadle (1916-94), The Language of Life: An Introduction to the Science of Genetics. Daniel Bell (1919-), The Reforming of General Education. Peter Ludwig Berger (1929-), The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Pierre Berton (1920-2004), The Cool, Crazy, Committed World of the Sixties - and I'm selling it for a coupla bucks? Ray Allen Billington (1903-81), The Frontier Thesis: Valid Interpretation of American History?; The American Frontier Thesis: Attack and Defense. Earl Birney (1904-95), The Creative Writer. Robert Blake, Disraeli. Paul Blanshard (1892-1980), Paul Blanshard on Vatican II. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), The Impact of the Social Sciences; The Economics of Knowledge and the Knowledge of Economics. Norman Oliver Brown (1913-2002), Love's Body; humanity's fall from grace via eroticism. Kenneth Burke (1897-1993), Language as Symbolic Action; defines man as a "symbol-using animal", whose notion of reality has "been built up for us through nothing but our symbol system", and is a "clutter of symbols about the past combined with whatever things we know mainly through maps, magazines, newspapers, and the like about the present... a construct of our symbol systems" - ever read the Old Testament? Sir Herbert Butterfield (1900-79) and Martin Wright (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Politics. James Cameron (1911-85), Here is Your Enemy; Witness in Vietnam; British journalist who was allowed to enter North Vietnam in Dec. 1965; not to be confused with the Canadian film dir. born in 1954 who wants to disprove Christanity by proving that Jesus wasn't resurrected. Truman Capote (1924-84), In Cold Blood (Jan.); "non-fiction novel", which becomes the 2nd best-selling true crime book after Vincent Bugliosi's 1974 "Helter Skelter", making him the most famous writer in the U.S.; about the Herbert Clutter family quadruple murders in Holcomb, Kan. on Nov. 15, 1959 by Richard Eugene "Dick" Hancock (1931-65) and Perry Edward Smith (1928-65), based on notes taken with Harper Lee; first pub. in The New Yorker starting on Sept. 25, 1965; truth is more interesting than fiction?; his last finished work; both killers are executed on Apr. 1, 1965 long after Capote abandons them - and exposes their popsicle toes, with all your faults I love you still, it had to be you, wonderful you? David Caute (1936-), The Left in Europe Since 1789. Noam Chomsky (1928-), Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammar. Randolph Churchill (1911-68), Winston S. Churchill (8 vols.) (1966-88); bio. of Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965) by his son; vols. 3-8 ed. by Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015). Sir Kenneth Clark (1903-83), Rembrandt and the Italian Renaissance. Michael D. Coe (1929-), The Maya; claims that the Mayan Long Count cycle will end on Dec. 24, 2011. Norman Cohen (1915-2007), Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World Conspiracy and the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion". Sidney Cohen (1910-87), Ram Dass (1931-), and Lawrence Schiller (1936-), LSD. Henry Steele Commager (1902-98), Freedom and Order: A Commentary on the American Political Scene. Fred James Cook (1911-2003), The Secret Rulers: Criminal Syndicates and How they Control the U.S. Underworld. William Cooper (1910-2002), Memoirs of a New Man. Jonathan Worth Daniels (1902-81), The Time Between the Wars: Armistice to Pearl Harbor; former aide (1943-5) to FDR reveals his covered-up WWI-era romance with Lucy Mercer (1891-1948). David Brion Davis (1927-), The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture (Pulitzer Prize). Jacques Derrida (1930-2004), Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences; how the attempt to understand experience by comprehending its genesis is plagued by the problem that the origin or point of genesis must already be structured, causing understanding to be trapped in a loop, which he calls iterability, inscription or textuality - it's nice to know that no matter how bad it gets down there, it's always nice in here? Isaac Deutscher (1907-67), Stalin: A Political Biography; becomes a std. work. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), The Effective Executive. Martin Bauml Duberman (1930-), James Russell Lowell. Frank Edwards (1908-67), Flying Saucers - Serious Business: Overwhelming Evidence That UFOs Are Real. Edward Jay Epstein (1935-), Inquest: The Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth; attacks its credibility. Rowland Evans Jr. (1921-2001) and Robert D. Novak (1931-2009), Lyndon B. Johnson: The Exercise of Power. Walker Evans (1903-75), Many Are Called; photographs taken in New York City subways with a hidden camera. Oliver La Farge (1901-63), The Man with the Calabash Pipe: Some Observations (posth.). Antony Flew (1923-), God and Philosophy; English atheist philosopher disses the idea of life after death et al. Michel Foucault (1926-84), The Order of Things: An Archeology of the Human Sciences (Les Mots et les Choses: Une Archeologie des Sciences); original title "L'Ordre des Choses"; trans. into English in 1970; makes him a star in France; claims that all periods of history possess certain underlying epistemological assumptions for what is acceptable, which he calls episteme (Gr. "knowledge"), a sharp break between historical periods caused by the abandonment of one intellectual framework for another, although all human sciences have their roots in "life, labor, and language", i.e., biology, economics, and linguistics. "However, if in any given culture and at any given moment, there is always only one episteme that defines the conditions of possibility of all knowledge, whether expressed in a theory or silently invested in a practice"; claims that Euro culture can be divided into Late Renaissance (1500s), Classical Era (mid-1600s to late 1700s), and Modern Era (early 1800s to present); he follows with The Archaeology of Knowledge (1969). Erich Fromm (1900-80), Ye Shall Be as Gods: A Radical Interpretation of the Old Testament and Its Tradition; new light on the Adam and Eve story from a former orthodox Jew turned Humanist; "The approach to the understanding of what an idol is begins with the understanding of what God is not." John G. Fuller (1913-90), The Interrupted Journey: Two Lost Hours Aboard a Flying Saucer; bestseller about the 1961 Zeta Reticuli Incident. George Gamow (1904-68), Thirty Years That Shook Physics: The Story of the Quantum Theory. Peter Gay (1923-2015), The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, Vol. 1: The Rise of Modern Paganism; (Nat. Book Award); rev. ed. 1995; argues that the Enlightenment brought political modernization to the West by introducing democratic values and institutions leading to the creation of modern liberal democracies, and shouldn't be knocked for simplistic optimism; The Loss of Mastery: Puritan Historians in Colonial America (2 vols.). Richard T. de George, Patterns of Soviet Thought. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), The Roots of Appeasement. George F. Gilder (1939-), The Party That Lost Its Head; attacks the policies of Barry Goldwater, but later recants, with the soundbyte: "The far Right – the same men I dismissed as extremists in my youth – turned out to know far more than I did. At least the 'right-wing extremists', as I confidently called them, were right on almost every major policy issue from welfare to Vietnam to Keynesian economics and defense – while I, in my Neo-Conservative sophistication, was nearly always wrong." Carlo Ginzburg (1939-), The Night Battles (I Benandanti: Stregoneria e culti agrari tra Cinquecento e Seicento); English trans. in 1983; 17th cent. benandanti ("good walkers" in Friuli, Italy, who claim to travel out of their bodies while asleep to fight evil witches and ensure good harvest. William H. Goetzmann (1930-2010), Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and Scientist in the Winning of the American West (Pulitzer Prize). Paul Goodman (1911-72), Like a Conquered Province: The Moral Ambiguity of America; Five Years: Thoughts During a Useless Time. Curt Gowdy (1919-2006), Cowboy at the Mike (autobio.). Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. Alfred De Grazia (ed.), The Velikovsky Affair: Scientism Versus Science; attempts to reduce Immanuel Velikovsky to the size of a peanut, only making him more popular? William Hamilton (1924-2014), Radical Theology and the Death of God. Oscar Handlin (1915-2011), Children of the Uprooted; The Popular Sources of Political Authority: Documents on the Massachusetts Constitution of 1780. Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), The Limits of American Capitalism. Sir Alan Patrick Herbert (1890-1971), The Thames; his favorite place to live. Dick Higgins (1938-98), Intermedia; founds the avant garde Fluxus (Lat. "to flow") Art Movement, which blends different artistic media and disciplines; leaders incl. cellist ("Joan of Arc of New Music") Madeline Charlotte Moorman (1933-91), and artist Michael Leigh (1948-), who in 1980 adopts the name "A1 Waste Paper Co." Alfred George "Alfie" Hinds (1917-91), Contempt of Court; British escape artist who broke out of three high security prisons, then manipulated the legal system to get pardoned. Aaron Edward Hotchner (1920-), Papa Hemingway: A Personal Memoir; by his personal friend. Irving Howe (1920-93), On the Nature of Communism and Relations with Communists; Steady Work: Essays in the Politics of Democratic Radicalism, 1953-1966. Robert Hughes (1938-), The Art of Australia. Julian Huxley (1887-1975), From an Antique Land: Ancient and Modern in the Middle East. Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-), Revolutionary Change. Alan B. Jones, How the World Really Works; incl. Report from Iron Mountain: On the Possibility and Desirability of Peace, pub. separately next year. Carl Jung (1875-1961), Symbols of Transformation (posth.); vol. 5 of his collected works, covering mythology and comparative religion, becoming a std. work; rev. ed. pub. in 1977. Justin Kaplan (1925-2014), Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography (Pulitzer Prize); the definitive bio. despite not treating his life chronologically and not covering his childhood in Mo.?; "He was bound to be tormented by the distinction and the split, always invidious, between performing humorist and man of letters, and he had no way of reconciling the two... S.L. Clemens of Hartford dreaded to meet the obligations of Mark Twain, the traveling lecturer"; "To the end he remained as much an enigma and prodigy to himself as he was to the thousands at the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York who filed past the casket, topped with a single wreath of laurel, where he lay in a white suit." (last line) Jack Kerouac (1922-69), Satori in Paris; his travels in France to research his lineage; calls himself Jack Duluoz in an effort to turn it into a novel? Jacques Lacan (1901-81), Ecrits (Écrits). Mark Lane (1927-), Rush to Judgment (Aug.); bestseller dissecting and condemning the findings of the Warren Commission, asking the obvious question how a man like Lee Harvey Oswald who never got a trial be considered case closed. Dudley Joseph LeBlanc (1894-1971), The Acadian Miracle. Richard Borshay Lee (1937-) and Irven DeVore (1934-) (eds.), Symposium on Man the Hunter. John Frederick Lehmann (1907-87), The Ample Proposition. Sam Levenson (1911-80), Everything But Money (autobio.). Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), The Savage Mind; "Every word, like a sacred object, has its place. No precis is possible. This extraordinary book must be read" (NYT Book Review). Oscar Lewis (1914-70), La Vida: A Puerto Rican Family in the Culture of Poverty - San Juan and New York; Am. anthropologist develops his culture of poverty concept. Carol Loomis (1929-), The Jones Nobody Keeps Up With; coins the term "hedge fund" to describe a fund created by Australian-born Am. investor Alfred Winslow Jones (1900-89), "a quiet-spoken seldom photographed man", pointing out that his fund beat top-rated Dreyfus Fund by 87% over the last 10 years, causing an explosion of interest and 130 new hedge funds by 1969, incl. the Quantum Fund of George Soros and Steinhardt Partners of Michael Steinhardt. Konrad Lorenz (1903-89), On Aggression; the four drives of hunger, reproduction, fear, and aggression within a species; discusses his Hydraulic Model of Instinctive Pressures, where aggression builds relentlessly until released, which is shared by Sigmund Freud. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Cannibals and Christians (essays); incl. reports on the 1964 U.S. pres. conventions and profiles of Johnson and Goldwater, plus some really bad poetry. Sir Max Mallowan (1904-78), Nimrud and Its Remains (2 vols.). Henry G. Manne (1928-2015), Insider Trading and the Stock Market; claims that changes in the price of a share of stock in the stock market will occur more rapidly when insider trading is prohibited than when it is permitted, founding the theory of a market for corporate control as first pub. in Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control in Journal of Political Economy (1965). William Howell Masters (1915-2001) and Virginia Eshelman Johnson (1925-), Human Sexual Response; clinically describes getting it on, based on porno shows, er, lab tests at Washington U. in St. Louis, Mo., with the sexual athletes hooked up to electrocardiographs et al.; claims that penis size is unimportant to most females - Virginia Masturbates William's Johnson? John Masefield (1878-1967), Grace Before Ploughing (autobio.). Gavin Maxwell (1914-69), Lords of the Atlas: The Rise and Fall of the House of Glaoua 1893-1956; the last rulers of Morocco under the French. Phyllis McGinley (1905-78), Wonderful Time (essays). John McPhee (1931-), The Headmaster. Sylvia Meagher (1922-89), Subject Index to the Warren Commission Report. Nicholas Monsarrat (1910-79), Life is a Four Letter Word (2 vols.) (1966, 1970) (autobio.). Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), The Puritan Family. George Lachmann Mosse (1919-99), Nazi Culture: Intellectual, Cultural and Social Life in the Third Reich; "For the sanity of the human race it is essential that the record of Hitler's Germany should remain alive and be retold again and again as a warning for the future. Professor Mosse's book helps keep the record alive" (Saturday Review). George Lachmann Mosse (1919-99) and Walter Laqueuer (1921-) (eds.), 1914: The Coming of the First World War. Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), Tread Softly for You Tread on My Jokes. Jack Newfield (1938-2004), A Prophetic Minority; from the early 1960s sit-ins to the creation of the SDS incl. its rifts. John von Neumann (1903-57) and Arthur Burks (1915-2008), Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata; the winter of their discontent of Darwinian evolution transferred to machines. Roy Franklin Nichols (1896-1973), History in a Self-Governing Culture; lecture to the Am. Historical Assoc. (AHA). Anais Nin (1903-77), Diary of Anais Nin (vol. 1 of 7); starts it age 11 and keeps it up for life, reaching 15K typewritten pages; vol. 1 covers 1931-4, when she lives in Louveciennes near Paris with banker Hugh Parker Guiler and hooks up with Henry Miller and June Miller and is psychoanalyzed by Otto Rank and Rene Allendy; makes her an erotic writing star, even though it is expurgated until 1986. John Julius Norwich (1929-) and Reresby Sitwell (1927-2009), Mount Athos. Zoe B. Oldenbourg (1916-2002), Catherine the Great. Talcott Parsons (1902-79), Societies: Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives. John Dos Passos (1896-1970), The Shackles of Power: Three Jeffersonian Decades; The Best Times: An Informal Memoir. Brian Pearce (1915-2008), Early History of the Communist Party of Great Britain. George Plimpton (1927-2003), Paper Lion: Confessions of a Last-String Quarterback; his dream job experience as a backup QB at the 1963 Detroit Lions training camp. Richard Poirier (1925-), A World Elsewhere: The Place of Style in American Literature; how Am. writers like to create "verbal consciousness of freedom". Michael Polanyi (1891-1976), The Tacit Dimension. Hortense Powdermaker (1896-1970), Stranger and Friend: The Way of an Anthropologist (autobio.); "The anthropologist is a human instrument studying other human beings and their societies." Carroll Quigley (1910-77), Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time; how a secret OWG govt. is corrupting the world. Ayn Rand (1905-82), Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal; "Psychologically, the U.N. has contributed a great deal to the gray swamp of demoralization – of cynicism, bitterness, hopelessness, fear and nameless guilt – which is swallowing the Western world." James Reston (1909-95), The Artillery of the Press: Its Influence on American Foreign Policy; "My theme is that the rising power of the United States in world affairs, and particularly of the American President, requires, not a more compliant press, but a relentless barrage of facts and criticism, as noisy but also as accurate as artillery fire" - the Woodward-Bernstein Bible? Harry Richman (1895-1972), A Hell of a Life (autobio.); the singer-actor who made "Puttin' on the Ritz" famous in 1930, then became an aviator and nightclub host. Richard Lowell Rubeinstein (1924-), After Auschwitz: Radical Theology and Contemporary Judaism; complains that the Holocaust destroyed the traditional Jewish concept of God and his covenant with Abraham, causing Jews to need to junk the concept of an omnipotent God of history and the election of Israel as the chosen people, but not go atheist, instead cling to God as the ground of being, perhaps reverting to paganism; "As children of the Earth, we are undeceived concerning our destiny. We have lost all hope, consolation and illusion"; "Terms like 'ground" and 'source' stand in contrast to the terms used for the transcendent biblical God of history who is known as a supreme king, a father, a creator, a judge, a maker. When he creates the world, he does so as do males, producing something external to himself. He remains essentially outside of and judges the creative processes he has initiated. As ground and source, God creates as does a mother, in and through her own very substance. As ground of being, God participates in all the joys and sorrows of the drama of creation which is, at the same time, the deepest expression of the divine life. God's unchanging unitary life and that of the cosmos' ever-changing, dynamic multiplicity ultimately reflect a single unitary reality." W.G. Runciman, Relative Deprivation and Social Justice. S. Roux, L'Affaire de Rennes-le-Chateau. Cornelius Ryan (1920-74), The Last Battle: The Taking of Berlin. Lawrence Schiller (1936-), LSD (first book). Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), All the Brave Promises: The Memories of Aircraft Woman 2nd Class 2146391 (autobio.). Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), In My Father's Court (autobio.). Cornelia Otis Skinner (1901-79), Madame Sarah; bio. of Sarah Bernhardt. Carl Solomon (1928-93), Mishaps, Perhaps. Susan Sontag (1933-2004), Against Interpretation and Other Essays; incl. "On Style", "Notes on Camp" (about Scopitones). Marguerite Steen (1894-1975), Looking Glass (autobio.). John Steinbeck (1902-68), America and Americans; his last book pub. during his lifetime. Ian Stevenson (1918-2007), Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation; he goes on to investigate 3K children who spontaneously remembered recent ordinary lives, some with birthmarks as supporting evidence. Leo Strauss (1899-1973), Socrates and Aristophanes. Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), Dissenter in a Great Society: A Christian View of America in Crisis. Han Suyin (1917-), A Mortal Flower (autobio.). Guy Talese (1932-), Frank Sinatra Has a Cold; pub. in the Apr. Esquire; portrays Sinatra in depth without interviewing him, becoming a classic of New Journalism (best mag. piece ever written?); describes a clash between Sinatra and sci-fi writer Harlan Ellison during a billiards game. Hunter S. Thompson (1837-2005), Hell's Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga. Lawrance Roger Thompson (1906-73), Robert Frost: The Early Years, 1874-1915 (Dec.; reveals his dark side; followed by "The Years of Triumph, 1915-1938" (1970), "The Later Years, 1938-1963" (1976). Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), Change and Habit: The Challenge of Our Time - should a man over 50 take the same multivitamin as a woman? Barbara W. Tuchman (1912-89), The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War, 1890-1914. Mao Tse Tung (1893-1976), Quotations of Chairman Mao (AKA the Little Red Book); the cream of his sage speeches and writings from 1927-64; "People of the world, unite and defeat the U.S. aggressors and all their running dogs!"; "Classes struggle, some triumph, others are eliminated - such is the history of civilization for thousands of years"; "In a class society, everyone lives as a member of a particular class, and every kind of thinking, without exception, is stamped with a class brand"; "A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery... it is a insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another"; "War is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions between classes... and it has existed ever since the emergence of private property and classes"; "Every Communist must grasp the truth: Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun"; "We do not want war, but war can only be abolished through war, and in order to get rid of the gun it is necessary to take up the gun"; "Communists must grasp the principle of subordinating the needs of the part to the needs of the whole. If a proposal appears feasible for a partial situation but not for the situation as a whole, then the part must give way to the whole"; "The Communist Party does not fear criticism because we are Marxists, the truth is on our side, and the basic masses, the workers and peasants, are on our side"; "We Communists are like seeds and the people are like the soil. Wherever we go, we must unite with the people, take root and blossom among them"; "An army without culture is a dull-witted army, and a dull-witted army cannot defeat the enemy" - wouldn't be caught dead without my Little Red Book? John Tyndall (1934-2005), Six Principles of Nationalism; calls for Brits to save their racial purity, after which his Greater Britain Movement joins the new far-right whites-only anti-Zionist British Nat. Front next year, which gets 0.6% (191,719) votes in the 1979 election. Robert Charles Venturi Jr. (1925-), Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture; a "gentle manifesto for a nonstraightforward architecture", arguing for a postmodern rebellion against the purism of modernism and the clean functional Internat. Style, with a little "messy vitality" thrown in, incl. Pop Art; "I like complexity and contradiction in architecture" (opening line). Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81), Spaceship Earth. Alan W. Watts (1915-73), The Book: On the Taboo Against Knowing Who You Are; "For thousands of years human history has been a magnificently futile conflict, a wonderfully staged panorama of triumph and tragedies based on the resolute taboo against admitting that black goes with white. Nothing, perhaps, ever got nowhere with so much fascinating ado." Karl Joachim Weintraub (1924-2004), Visions of Culture; Euro collectivist culture is superior to Yankee individualist culture, and will ultimately take over even without Mao's guns? Harold Weisberg (1914-2002), Whitewash II: The FBI-Secret Service Cover Up. Paul West (1930-), The Wine of Absurdity: Essays in Literature and Consolation. Raymond Williams, Modern Tragedy. William Appleman Williams, The Contours of American History; "The tool used in this present study is the concept of Weltanschauung, or definition of the world combined with an explanation of how it works"; "The author has produced a volume so packed with erudite and obscure references and sesquipedalian words that it defeated one reader completely" (Kirkus Reviews). Garry Wills (1934-), Roman Culture: Weapons and the Man. George Woodcock (1912-95), The Crystal Spirit: A Study of George Orwell; his friend, who once called pacifism in a war against Fascism "objectively pro-Fascist". Frances Amelia Yates (1899-1981), The Art of Memory; about how the ancients did it sans printing and computers, from Simonides of Ceos to Giordano Bruno's Memory Wheel (1582), ending with Gottfried Leibniz and the emergence of the scientific method in the 17th cent. Al Young (1939-), Bodies & Soul; his first "musical memoir". Solly Zuckerman (1904-93), Scientists and War; distinguished British scientist comes out against the nuclear arms race. Art: Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Le Triomphe de la Musique et Les Soures de la Musique; mural for the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City; Lithographs for "The Story of Exodus; Carmen (lithograph). Max Ernst (1891-1976), A Swallow's Nest. Barbara Hepworth (1903-75), Four-Square Walk Through (bronze sculpture). Eva Hesse (1936-70), Not Yet (died fishnet bags et al.). David Hockney (1937-), Peter Getting out of Nick's Pool; has a nice ass if you're gay? Robert Indiana (1928-), Love (Pop Art series of letters-as-art) (1966-); supposed to mean that 666 wasn't Armageddon after all, so let's just love each other? Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), Yellow and Green Brushstrokes; Red Ocean Motion. Rene Magritte (1898-1967), The Two Mysteries. Brice Marden (1938-), The Dylan Painting; a blue-grey monochrome rectangle made with oil and beeswax, from his first solo show in New York at the Bykert Gallery; does another version in 1986; this year he becomes the asst. of Robert Rauschenberg. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Le ou A Maree Haute; La Promenade de Venus. Joan Miro (1893-1983), La Lecon de Ski. Bruce Nauman (1941-), Platform Made Up of the Space Between Two Rectilinear Boxes on the Floor (two fiberglass boxes); Neon Templates of the Left Half of My Body at Ten-Inch Intervals (sculpture). Barnett Newman (1905-70), Who's Afraid of Red, Yellow, Blue; a solid red rectangle with blue stripe at one end and yellow stripe at other; in 1986 Dutch realist painter Gerard Jan van Bladeren gets pissed-off at this charlatan dude making a living putting out minimalist crap, and slices the painting valued at $1.3M (it's the sublime colors?) with a box cutter in the Stedeljik Museum in Amsterdam; after paying Daniel Goldreyer $285K to restore it, critics claim he botched the job, causing him to sue them for defamation and settle out of court for $100K - just look at the job opportunities available for rectangle painters, art critics, art destroyers, art restorers and attorneys? Claes Oldenburg (1929-), Soft Toilet (plexiglass-vinyl-wood sculpture). Fairfield Porter (1907-75), The Mirror. Bridget Riley (1931-), Breathe. James Rosenquist (1933-), Car Touch. Robert Ryman (1930-), Winsor 34; an all-white painting; sells for 24M Swedish kronor at Christie's in London, causing him to devote his career to painting white is right?; "There is never any question of what to paint only how to paint." George Segal (1924-2000), The Truck (sculpture); The Legend of Lott (sculpture); The Laundromat (sculpture) (1966-7); made by casting full-body molds of people with Plaster of Paris and making statues out of them. Victor Vasarely (1906-97), Hatos II. Andy Warhol (1928-87), Flowers (silkscreen). H.C. Westerman (1922-81), Death Ship Run Over by a '66 Lincoln Continental (sculpture). Music: The Cannonball Adderley Quintet, Mercy, Mercy, Mercy. Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Airplane Takes Off (album) (debut) (Sept.); Signe Toly Anderson (1941-) (vocals) and Skip Spence (1946-99) drums) are then replaced by Grace Slick (1939-) and Spencer Dryden (1938-2005), and Spence goes to Moby Grape; incl. Blues from an Airplane. Herb Alpert (1935-) and the Tijuana Brass, What Now My Love (album); incl. What Now My Love, Spanish Flea. The Five Americans, I See the Light (album) (debut); incl. I See the Light (#26 in the U.S.), Evol-Not Love, Good Times, It's You Girl, I'm Feeling OK, Reality, If I Could. Lynn Anderson (1947-), Ride, Ride, Ride; by her mother Liz Anderson (1930-); gets her a place on The Lawrence Welk Show (until 1968). Chris Andrews (1942-), To Whom It Concerns. The Animals, The Best of the Animals (album) (Feb.); Don't Bring Me Down; in Oct. after their mgr. Michael Jeffrey rips them off, they change their name to Eric Burdon and the New Animals and go psychedelic, with John Weider (violin/bass), Vic Briggs (piano), and Danny McCulloch (bass). Eddy Arnold (1918-2008), I Want to Go With You (album); incl. I Want to Go With You, Tip of My Fingers, Make the World Go Away, The Last Word in Lonesome is Me. The Association, And Then... Along Comes the Association (album) (debut); incl. Along Comes Mary (written by Tandyn Almer), Cherish (#1 in the U.S.); Jules Gary Alexander (1943-)/ Larry Ramos (1942-), Terry Kirkman (1939-), Brian Cole (1942-72) (bass), Bob Page (1943-)/ Jim Yester (1939-), Russ Giguere (1943-), Ted Bluechel Jr. (1942-) (drums). The Bachelors, The Sound of Silence. Joan Baez (1941-), Noel (Noël) (album) (Nov. 21). Samuel Barber (1910-81), Antony and Cleopatra (opera) (New York). Bobby Bare (1935-), Norma Jean (1938-) and Liz Anderson (1930-), Game of Triangles. John Barry (1933-2011), Born Free Theme; lyrics by Don Black. Fontella Bass, Rescue Me. The Beatles, Yesterday... and Today (album #6) (June 20); the "butcher cover" shows them dressed in white smocks covered with pieces of raw meat and decapitated dolls, pissing-off Christian fans, who are already pissed-off by John Lennon's statement that the Beatles are bigger than Jesus; incl. Baby You Can Drive My Car, I'm Only Sleeping, Nowhere Man, Doctor Robert, Yesterday, Act Naturally, And Your Bird Can Sing, If I Needed Someone, We Can Work It Out, What Goes On, Day Tripper; Revolver (album #7) (Aug. 5) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); popularizes Backward Masking (Backmasking); incl. Taxman, Eleanor Rigby (four violins, two cellos and two violas, with score by George Martin) ("Eleanor Rigby died in the church and was buried along with her name/ Nobody came/ Father MacKenzie wiping the dirt from his hands as he walks from the grave/ No one was saved"), I'm Only Sleeping, Here, There and Everywhere, Yellow Submarine, She Said She Said, Good Day Sunshine, And Your Bird Can Sing, For No One, Doctor Robert, I Want to Tell You, Got to Get You into My Life, Tomorrow Never Knows; based on their LSD adventures before Yoko arrives; "Listen to the color of your dreams". Tony Bennett (1926-), The Very Thought of You. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Ramona Say Yes. Dave Berry and the Cruisers, Mama. The Birdwatchers, Girl I Got News for You. Cilla Black (1943-), Alfie; Love's Just a Broken Heart; A Fool Am I (Dimmelo Parlami). The Beach Boys, Pet Sounds (album #11); incl. Pet Sounds, Wouldn't It Be Nice, Sloop John B, God Only Knows, ("I may not always love you, but as long as there are stars above you, you'll never need to doubt it, I'll make you sure about it, God only knows what I'd be without you") (world's greatest song?); Smiley Smile (album #12) (Sept. 18); Good Vibrations (Oct. 10) (after mommy told them that dogs could sense things) ("a pocket symphony" - Derek Taylor) (uses the electro-Theremin AKA Tannerin); Wild Honey (album #13) (Dec. 18); incl. Wild Honey. Los Bravos, Black is Black (debut) (#4 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); I Don't Care; Madrid-based, incl. Mike Kogel (1945-) (born in Berlin) (vocals), Antonio Martinez (1945-90) (guitar), Manuel Fernandez (1944-67) (organ), Miguel Vicens Danus (1944-) (bass), Pablo Gomez (1943-) (drums). Jacques Brel (1929-78), Les Bonbons (album); incl. Les Bonbons; Ces Gens-La (album); incl. Ces Gens-La; Le Plat Pays. The Righteous Brothers, (You're My) Soul and Inspiration; White Cliffs of Dover. James Brown (1933-2006), It's a Man's Man's Man's World; "A man who don't have a woman, he's lost in the wilderness"; James Brown Sings Christmas Songs (album #17) (Nov.). The Beau Brummels, Beau Brummels '66 (album #3) (July). The Byrds, Fifth Dimension (album #3) (July 18) (#24 in the U.S.) (#27 in the U.K.); incl. 5D (Fifth Dimension), Eight Miles High (based on "India" by John Coltrane), Mr. Spaceman. Ray Charles (1930-2004), Crying Time; I Choose to Sing the Blues; Let's Go Get Stoned; I Don't Need No Doctor; Please Say You're Fooling; Together Again; In the Heat of the Night; Yesterday. Cher (1946-), Cher (album #3); sells 1.5M copies; incl. Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down). Sonny and Cher (1946-), The Sonny Side of Cher (album) (June 18); sells 4M copies; incl. Where Do You Go, Little Man, What Now My Love. The Chiffons, Sweet Talkin' Guy (#10 in the U.S., #31 in the U.K.). Lou Christie (1943-), Lightnin' Strikes (Dec.) (#1 in the U.S.); "Listen to me babe, you gotta understand. You're old enough to know the makings of a man... Every boy wants a girl he can trust to the very end... When I see lips begging to be kissed (Stop!) I can't stop (Stop!), I can't stop myself. Lightnin's striking again." Petula Clark (1932-), My Love (album) (#68 in the U.S.); incl. My Love (Is Warmer Than Sunshine) (#1 in the U.S.), A Sign Of the Times (#11 in the U.S., #49 in the U.K.); I Couldn't Live Without Your Love (#9 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); Who Am I (#21 in the U.S., #52 in the U.K.), Colour My World (#16 in the U.S., #52 in the U.K.). Lou Christie (1943-), Rhapsody in the Rain. (Mar.) (#16 in the U.S., #37 in the U.K.). The Coastliners, I See Me; from Galveston, Tex. Judy Collins (1939-), In My Life (album #6) (Nov.) (#46 in the U.S.); adds orchestral arrangements to her folk music; incl. In My Life (by John Lennon and Paul McCartney), Suzanne (Leonard Cohen). Pinkerton's Assorted Colours, Mirror Mirror (debut); from Rugby, England; Samuel "Pinkerton" Kempe (1946-) (vocals), Tony Newman (1947-), Michael Summerson (1950-) (bass), Dave Holland (drums), Stuart Colman (1944-) (piano), and Barrie Bernard (1944-); they change to The Flying Machine in 1969. John Coltrane (1926-67), Ascension, (album) (Feb.); a continuous 40-min. performance sans breaks, becoming "the torch that lit the free jazz thing" (Dave Liebman). Arthur Conley (1946-2003), I Can't Stop (No, No, No); Take Me (Just As I Am); Who's Foolin' Who. Cream, Wrapping Paper (debut) (Oct. 7); from England, incl. Eric Patrick Clapton (1945-) (guitar), John Symon Asher "Jack" Bruce (1943-2014) (lead vocals, bass), Peter Edward "Ginger" Baker (1939-2019) (drums); Fresh Cream (album) (debut) (Dec. 9); incl. I Feel Free, Spoonful. Creation, Painter Man. Jim Croce (1943-73), Facets (album) (debut); pays $500 to pub. 500 copies. George Crumb (1929-), Eleven Echoes of Autumn (Echoes I). The Cyrkle, Red Rubber Ball (album) (debut); incl. Red Rubber Ball (#2 in the U.S.); written by Paul Simon in England to get a a £100 advance from The Seeker, and co-written by Bruce Woodley of The Seekers; Neon (album #2); incl. Turn-Down Day (#16 in the U.S.); from Easton, Penn., incl. Don Dannemann (vocals, guitar), Tom Dawes (vocals, bass), Earl Pickens (bass), and Marty Fried (drums); named by atty. Nathan Weiss and spelled by John Lennon; they disband in 1967. Bobby Darin (1936-73), If I Were a Carpenter (#8 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.). Sam and Dave, Hold On, I'm Coming'. Edison Denisov (1929-96), Lamentations (Les Pleurs). The Spencer Davis Group, Second Album (album #2) (Jan.); incl. Keep On Running; played on black U.S. radio stations only until they see their photo, causing them to drop it, although it becomes a hit in Britain; Gimme Some Lovin' (album #3); incl. Gimme Some Lovin', Let Me Down Easy, Somebody Help Me, When I Come Home; Autumn '66 (album #4) (Sept.). Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich, Hold Tight!; Bend It; Save Me. The Deep, Psychedelic Moods (album) (Oct.); Philly band, incl. Rusty Evans; first use of the term "psychedelic" in reference to music? Del-Vetts, Last Time Around; from Chicago, Ill. Neil Diamond (1941-), Solitary Man (May 21) (#55 in the U.S.)(first hit); Cherry, Cherry (Aug. 20) (#6 in the U.S.); released by Bang Records. Little Jimmy Dickens (1920-2015), When the Ship Hit the Sand (#27 country) (#103 in the U.S.); Country Music Lover (#23 country). Bo Diddley (1928-2008), The Originator (album); he's the originator of rock & roll? The 5th Dimension, Go Where You Wanna Go (debut); Marilyn McCoo (1943-) (vocals), Billy Davis Jr. (1940-), Florence LaRue, Lamonte McLemore, Ron Townson (1933-2001) - sounds like the Mamas and the Papas? Ken Dodd (1927-), The River. Val Doonican (1927-), Elusive Butterfly; What Would I Be. Ugly Ducklings, Nothin'; from Toronto, Canada, incl. Dave Bingham (lead vocals), Glynn Bell (guitar), Rodger Mayne (guitar), John Read (bass), Robin Boers (drums). Bob Dylan (1941-), Blonde on Blonde (double album) (May 17) (#9 in the U.S.) (#3 in the U.K.) (Columbia Records); first important double rock music album?; incl. Rainy Day Women (#2 in the U.S.) (#7 in the U.K.) ("Everybody must get stoned"), I Want You (#20 in the U.S.) (#17 in the U.K.), Just Like A Woman (#33 in the U.S.), Leopard Skin Pillbox Hat (#81 in the U.S.), Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again, Visions of Johanna, Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands. The Easybeats, Sorry; Friday On My Mind. 13th Floor Elevators, The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators (album) (debut) (Nov.); first use of the electric jug?; first use of the word "psychedelic" with reference to music?; from Austin, Tex., incl. Roger Kynard "Roky" Erickson (1947-) (vocals), Tommy Hall, Benny Thurman, John Ike Walton; incl. The Word, You Really Got Me, Gloria, You're Gonna Miss Me. Duke Ellington (1899-1974), Far East Suite (album). The Enemys, Hey Joe. The Small Faces, Small Faces (album) (debut) (May 11) (#3 in the U.K.); from East London, England, featuring big-voice-in-small-package Steven Peter "Steve" Marriott (1947-91), Ronald Frederick "Ronnie" "Plonk" Lane (1946-97), Kenneth Thomas "Kenney" Jones (1948-) (drums), Jimmy Winston (James Edward Winston Langwith) (1945-) (keyboards), Ian Patrick McLaglan (1945-); incl. Shake, Sha-La-La-La-Lee, Whatcha Gonna Do About It. Adam Faith (1940-2003) and The Roulettes, Cheryl's Goin' Home (#46 in the U.K.) (last single to chart). Marianne Faithfull (1946-), Go Away From My World (album); North Country Maid (album); incl. North Country Maid; "A north country maid up to London had strayed/ Although with her nature it did not agree./ She wept and she signed and so bitterly she cried,/ 'How I wish once again in the north I could be!"/ "Oh the oak and the ask and the bonny ivy tree,/ They flourish at home in my own country." Faithfull Forever (album). Georgie Fame (1943-) and the Blue Flames, Sweet Things (album #4); incl. Get Away (#1 in the U.K.); Sunny (#13 in the U.K.); Sitting in the Park (#12 in the U.K.). Mimi Farina (1945-2001) and Richard Farina (1937-66), Reflections in a Crystal Wind (album). Chris Farlowe (1940-), 14 Things to Think About (album) (June); incl. Out of Time (#1 in the U.K.); The Art of Chris Farlowe (album) (Dec.). Vicente Fernandez (1940-), Perdoname (debut); launches his career as Mexico's #1 ranchera-style singer AKA "the King" and "the Idol of Mexico", selling 50M+ albums and acting in dozens of films by the end of the cent.; he always performs wearing the charro suit and sombrero. The Count Five, Psychotic Reaction; from San Jose, Calif., incl. John "Mouse" Michalski (1948-), Kenn Ellner (1948-), Roy Chaney (1948-) (bass), John "Sean" Byrne (1947-), and Craig "Butch" Atkinson (1947-) (drums); wear Count Dracula capes when performing. Carlisle Floyd (1926-), Markheim (opera). Eddie Floyd (1935-), Knock on Wood. Wayne Fontana (1945-) and The Mindbenders, A Groovy Kind of Love; Come On Home; Goodbye Bluebird. Bobby Fuller Four, I Fought the Law. Connie Francis (1938-), Somewhere, My Love (Lara's Theme). Dallas Frazier (1939-), Elvira (album) (solo debut); incl. Elvira (#72 in the U.S.), There Goes My Everything, Ain't Had No Lovin', I'm a People. The Fugs, The Fugs (album #2) (Mar.) (#95 in the U.S.); first underground rock album?; incl. Kill for Peace, Frenzy, Group Grope, I Want to Know, Skin Flowers. France Gall (1947-), Baby Pop. Paul Simon (1941-) and Art Garfunkel (1941-), Sounds of Silence (album #2) (Jan. 17); incl. The Sound of Silence (Sept. 13, 1965) (from the film "The Graduate") (first hit) ("Hello darkness, my old friend"), I Am a Rock, Kathy's Song, Richard Cory (based on the Edwin Arlington Robinson poem); Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (album #3) (Oct. 10); incl. Scarborough Fair/Canticle, Homeward Bound, The 59th St. Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy), The Dangling Conversation, A Simple Desultory Philippic (or How I Was Robert McNamara'd Into Submission), A Poem on the Underground Wall, 7 O'Clock News/Silent Night (mixes the Xmas carol with a simulated bulletin of the events of Aug. 3, 1966). Marvin Gaye (1939-84), Moods of Marvin Gaye (album #8) (May 23); incl. I'll Be Doggone (co-written by Smokey Robinson), Ain't That Peculiar (co-written by Smokey Robinson). Marvin Gaye (1939-84) and Kim Weston (1939-), Take Two (album) (Aug. 25); incl. It Takes Two, What Good Am I Without You?. Peter and Gordon, Peter and Gordon Sing and Play Hits of Nashville (album #5); Woman (album #6); incl. Woman (Jan. 10), To Show I Love You (June), Lady Godiva (Sept. 9), The Knight in Rusty Armour (Nov.); Best of Peter and Gordon (album #7). Lesley Gore (1946-2015), Lesley Gore Sings All About Love (album #6) (Jan.); in 2003 she comes out as a lesbian. Jack Greene (1930-), There Goes My Everything; written by Dallas Frazier. Janet Greene (1930-), Fascist Threat; one of six anti-Communist songs recorded this year by a former TV Cinderella, causing her to be called the "Anti-Joan Baez"; too bad, the non-reaction causes her to give up next year. The Groop, Empty Words. The Royal Guardsmen, Snoopy Vs. the Red Baron (album) (debut); incl. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (#2 in the U.S.); from Ocala, Fla., incl. Barry Winslow (vocals), Bill Balough (bass), John Burdett (drums), Chris Nunley (vocals), Tom Richards (guitar), Billy Taylor (organ); original name "the Posmen". Merle Haggard (1937-2016), I'm a Lonesome Fugitive (hist first #1 country hit). George Hamilton IV (1937-), Steel Rail Blues; Early Morning Rain; both written by Gordon Lightfoot. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Blow-Up Soundtrack (album). Tim Hardin (1941-80), Tim Hardin 1 (album) (debut) (July); incl. Reason to Believe, Can We Hang On to a Dream?. Josef Mattias Hauer (1883-1959), Die Schwarze Spinne (opera) (Vienna) (posth.). Herman's Hermits, Hold On! (album #4) (Mar.); incl. Hold On!, A Must to Avoid; Both Sides of Herman's Hermits (album #4). Vince Hill (1937-), Take Me to Your Heart Again; based on Edith Piaf's "La Vie en Rose"; Merci Cherie. The Hollies, I Can't Let It Go (#2 in the U.K., #42 in the U.S.); Bus Stop (#5 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.); Stop Stop Stop (#7 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.). Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Vishnu Symphony No. 19, Op. 217; used in Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" (1980). Jimmy Holiday (1934-87), Baby I Love You. The Honeycombs, Is It Because. Don Ho (1930-2007), Tiny Bubbles (Sept.) (#57 in the U.S.); becomes his signature song; Tony Bubbles (album) (#71 country). The Image, Red Rubber Ball. The Mothers of Invention, Freak Out! (album) (debut) (June 27); original band name "Soul Giants"; Ray Collins (1938-) (vocals), Roy Ralph Moleman Guacamole Guadalupe Hidalgo Estrada (1943-) (bass), Jimmy Carl Black (James Inkanish Jr.) (1938-2008) (drums), Elliot Ingber (guitar); no Frank Zappa yet. The Isley Brothers, This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You) (#6 in the U.S.); I Guess I'll Always Love You. Wanda Jackson (1937-), Because It's You; This Gun Don't Care; The Box It Came In. Tommy James (1947-) and the Shondells, Hanky Panky (#1 in the U.S.); released in 1963 under the Snap Records label, which had no nat. distribution, then becomes a hit after a Pittsburgh, Penn. disc jockey gives it regular airplay, making Tommy James a star and causing him to reform the band. Maurice Jarre (1924-2009), Dr. Zhivago Soundtrack (album); incl. Lara's Theme (Somewhere My Love). Swinging Blue Jeans, Don't Make Me Over (Jan.). Andre Jolivet (1905-74), Concerto for Cello No. 2. David and Jonathan, Lovers of the World Unite - don't ask about the rumors about the Biblical David and Jonathan? Jack Jones (1938-), Lady; I'm Indestructible; Now I Know; Live for Life. Paul Jones (1942-), High Time; solo debut after leaving Manfred Mann. Tom Jones (1940-), A-tom-ic Jones (album #4) (Jan. 14); From the Heart (album #5) (#23 in the U.K.); Green, Green Grass of Home (album #6) (#65 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); incl. Green Green Grass of Home. The Kinks, Face to Face (album #4) (Oct. 28); incl. Sunny Afternoon (#1 in the U.K.), Dandy. Shadows of Knight, Gloria; Jim Sohns (vocals), Warren Rogers (guitar), Norm Gotsch (guitar), Wayne Pursell (bass), Tom Schiffour (drums). The Barron Knights, Pop Go the Workers (#5 in the U.K.); Merry Gentle Pops (#9 in the U.K.). Patti LaBelle (1944-) and the Bluebells, Somewhere Over the Rainbow; becomes her signature song. Burton Lane (1912-97) and Alan Jay Lerner (1918-86), On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (musical) (Mark Hellinger Theatre, New York) (Oct. 17) (280 perf.); based on John L. Balderston's 1929 "Berkeley Square"; stars Barbara Harris as ESP-enabled Daisy Gamble, John Cullum as Dr. Mark Bruckner, Clifford David as Edward Moncrief, and William Daniels as Warren Smith. Brenda Lee (1944-), Coming on Strong (album); incl. Coming on Strong (#11 in the U.S.). Barbara Lewis (1943-), Don't Forget About Me (Jan.); Make Me Belong to You (July); Baby What Do You Want Me to Do (Oct.). Gary Lewis (1946-) and the Playboys, Hits Again! (album #5). Ramsey Lewis (1935-) Trio, Hang On Sloopy; Wade in the Water. Gyorgi Ligeti (1923-2006), Lux Aeterna; used in "2001: A Space Odyssey" (1968). Bob Lind (1942-), Elusive Butterfly. Trini Lopez (1937-2020),I'm Comin' Home, Cindy. The Lords, Death Bells at Dawn. Love, Love (album) (debut) (July); racially-mixed Los Angeles group, originally called the Grass Roots until they find out the name was taken; Jim Morrison's favorite group?; Arthur Lee (1945-2006) (vocals) (black), Johnny Echols (1947-) (guitar) (black), Bryan Maclean (1946-98) (guitar, vocals), Kenneth Raymond "Ken" Forssi (1943-88) (bass), Alan "Snoopy" Pfisterer (1946-) (drums); incl. My Little Red Book (by Burt Bacharach and Hal David) (about Mao's Little Red Book?), Hey Joe. Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms, Lover Boy; Too Late to Say You're Sorry. The Music Machine, (Turn On) The Music Machine (album) (debut); Los Angeles garage band, formerly called the Ragamuffins; like to wear all-black clothing and black moptop hardos; incl. Thomas Harvey "Sean" Bonniwell (1940-2011) (who wears a single black glove), Mark Landon (guitar), Keith Olsen (bass), Doug Rhodes (1945-) (Farfisa organ), and Ron Edgar (drums); too bad, they break up after one album; incl. Cherry Cherry, Double Yellow Line, Talk Talk, Hey Joe, Taxman, The People in Me. The Blues Magoos, Psychedelic Lollipop (album) (debut) (Nov. 1); first use of the word "psychedelic" with reference to music?; formerly The Trenchcoats; from Bronx, N.Y., incl. Peppy Castro (Emil Thielhelm) (1949-) (vocals), Dennis LaPore (guitar), Ralph Scala (organ), Ronnie Gilbert (bass), and John Finnegan (drums); incl. (We Ain't Got) Nothing' Yet (#5 in the U.S.). Miriam Makeba (1932-), The Click Song. The Mamas and the Papas, If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears (album) (debut) (Mar.) (only #1 album in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); one of the first unisex bands; named after the women of the Hell's Angels; originally The Magic Circle, from New York City, incl. "Papa" John Edmund Andrew Phillips (1935-2001) and Michelle Phillips (nee Gilliam) (1944-) (both of The New Journeymen),and Dennis Gerrard Stephen "Denny" Doherty (1940-2007) and "Mama" Cass Elliot (Ellen Naomi Cohen) (1941-74) (both of The Mugwumps); cover features a toilet, which is considered obscene, causing a scroll reading "California Dreamin'" to be inserted over it; way better in the vocals dept. than the Beatles?; incl. California Dreamin' (#4 in the U.S., #23 in the U.K.), Monday, Monday, I Call Your Name; The Mamas and the Papas (album #2) (Sept.); (#4 in the U.S., #24 in the U.K.); incl. And I Saw Her Again, Words of Love, Dancing in the Street, Dancing Bear. Manfred Mann, Pretty Flamingo (Apr. 15) (#1 in the U.K.) (bass played by Jack Bruce of John Mayall's Bluesbreakers); You Gave Me Somebody to Love (July 1); Poison Ivy (July 1); Just Like a Woman (July 29); Semi-Detached Suburban Mr. James (Oct. 21) (#5 in the U.K.). Barry McGuire (1935-), Walking My Cat Named Dog. The Swingin' Medallions, Double Shot (of My Baby's Love) (#17 in the U.S.); from Greenwood, S.C., incl. John McElrath (keyboards), Jim Doares (guitar), Carroll Bledsoe (trumpet), Charles Webber (trumpet), Brent Forston (sax), Steven Caldwell (sax), James Perkins (bass), and Joe Morris (drums). The Merseys, Sorrow. Roger Miller (1936-92), England Swings. The New Christy Minstrels, In Italy... In Italian (album #12); New Kick (album #13). Thelonious Monk (1917-82), Straight, No Chaser (album). The Monkees, The Monkees (album) (debut) (Oct. 10) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (5M copies); incl. Theme from The Monkees, Saturday's Child, Last Train to Clarksville (#1 in the U.S.) (a secret anti-Vietnam War song). The Monks, Black Monk Time (album) (debut); U.S. GI band in Germany, incl. Gary Burger (vocals), Eddie Shaw (bass), Larry Clark (Lawrence Spangler) (organ), Dave Day (David Havlicek) (-2008) (guitar), and Roger Johnston (-2004) (drums); known for shaving their heads monk-style; incl. Monk Chant, Monk Time, I Can't Get Over You, and Cuckoo. Chris Montez (1943-), Time After Time (#36 in the U.S.). Douglas Moore (1893-1969), Carry Nation (opera). Jane Morgan (1924-), 1-2-3; Elusive Butterfly; Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye (Capri C'est Fini). Napoleon XIV, They're Coming to Take Me Away Ha-Haaa! (album) (debut); Jerry Samuels (1938-) and Kim Fowley (1939-); incl. They're Coming to Take Me Away Ha-Haaa! (July) (rockets to #3 in the U.S. and #4 in the U.K., after which PC advocacy groups for the mentally ill protest, causing radio stations to drop it), Bats in My Belfry, Marching Off to Bedlam, Photogenic Schizophrenic You, Hey Buddy, I Owe a Lot to Iowa Pot, I Live in a Split-Level Head, Let's Cuddle Up in My Security Blanket, Dr. Psyche the Cut-Rate Head Shrinker, Nuts On My Family Tree; Doin' the Napoleon; I'm in Love With My Little Red Tricycle. Aaron Neville (1941-), Tell It Like It Is; his only hit until 1989. Anthony Newley (1931-99), The Genius of Anthony Newley (album); incl. Why Can't You Try to Didgeridoo; Moogies Bloogies. Harry Nilsson (1941-94), Spotlight on Nilsson (album) (debut). Luigi Nono (1924-90), A Floresta e Jovem e Cheia de Vida (The Forest is Young and Full of Life); denounces U.S. imperialism in Vietnam; "They cannot burn the forest, for it is young and full of life". Laura Nyro (1947-97), More Than a New Discovery (album) (debut) (Jan.); incl. And When I Die, Wedding Bell Blues, Blowin' Away, Stoney End. Phil Ochs (1940-76), Phil Ochs in Concert (album #3); incl. There But For Fortune, Bracero, Canons of Christianity, Cops of the World, Ringing of Revolution, I'm Gonna Say It Now. Roy Orbison (1936-88), Breakin' Up is Breakin' My Heart/ Wait (Jan.); Distant Drums/ Let the Good Times Roll (Jan.); Twinkle Toes/ Where Is Tomorrow (Mar.); Lana/ Our Summersong (June); Too Soon to Know/ You'll Never Be Sixteen Again (Aug.). The Outsiders, Time Won't Let Me (Jan.); written by Tom King and Chet Kelley of the recycled Starfires; Girl in Love; Respectable. The Overlanders, Michelle. Robert Parker (1930-), Barefootin'. Crispian St. Peters (1939-2010), The Pied Piper (June) (#4 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.). Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs, Little Red Riding Hood. Wilson Pickett (1941-2006), Mustang Sally (#23 in the U.S.) (1M copies); Land of One Thousand Dances (by Chris Kenner) (#6 in the U.S.). Gene Pitney (1940-2006), Nobody Needs Your Love. The Platters, I Love You 1000 Times (Apr.); I'll Be Home (Nov.). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Violin Summit (album). Elvis Presley (1935-77), Tell Me Why/ Blue River (Jan.); Joshua Fit the Battle/ Known Only to Him (Feb.); Milky White Way/ Swing Down Sweet Chariot (Feb.); Frankie and Johnny/ Please Don't Stop Loving Me (Mar.); Frankie and Johnny (album) (Apr.); incl. Frankie and Johnny; Love Letters/ Come What May (June); Paradise Hawaiian Style (album) (June); Spinout/ All That I Am (Oct.); Spinout (album) (Nov.); If Every Day Was Like Christmas/ How Would You Like To Be (Nov.). Billy Preston (1946-2006), Wildest Organ in Town! (album #2) (Mar. 25); incl. Satisfaction. The Blues Project, Live at the Cafe Au Go Go; recorded on Nov. 24-27, 1965 at the Cafe Au Go Go in New York City; incl. Catch the Wind; Projections (album #2) (Nov.); incl. Two Trains Running; formed in 1965; from Greenwich Village, N.Y., incl. Danny Kalb (1942-) (guitar, vocals), Al Kooper (Alan Petr Kuperschmidt) (1944-) (keyboards, vocals), Steve Katz (1945-) (guitar, vocals), Andy Kulburg (1944-2002) (bass), Roy Blumenfeld (drums); too bad, they break up in 1967, and Kooper and Katz form Blood, Sweat & Tears. Rapid T. Rabbit, The Ballad of Irving; Frank Gallop (1900-88); "He was short and fat and rode out of the West with a Mogen David on his silver vest. He was mean and nasty right clear through, which was kinda weird cause he was yellow too. They called him Irving, big Irving, big short Irving, big short fat Irving, the 142nd fastest gun in the West". Paul Revere and The Raiders, Midnight Ride (album #5) (May 6) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. Kicks (#4 in the U.S.); (I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone (#20 in the U.S.) (by the Monkees); The Spirit of '67 (album #6) (Nov. 28); incl. Hungry (#6 in the U.S.), Good Thing. The (Young) Rascals, The Young Rascals (album) (debut) (Mar. 28) (#15 in the U.S.); incl. Good Lovin' (#1 in the U.S.), Mustang Sally (by Mack Rice), In the Midnight Hour (by Steve Cropper and Wilson Pickett); You Better Run; Come On Up. The Rationals, Respect. Lou Rawls (1933-2006), Love is a Hurtin' Thing (debut). Otis Redding (1941-67), The Soul Album (album #4) (Apr. 1); incl. Cigarettes and Coffee; Complete & Unbelievable: The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul (album #5) (Oct. 15); incl. Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song), Try a Little Tenderness, My Lover's Prayer Jim Reeves (1923-64), Distant Drums (#1 country) (#45 in the U.S.); Blue Side of Lonesome (#1 country) (#59 in the U.S.). Martha Reeves (1941-) and the Vandellas, My Baby Loves Me; I'm Ready for Love. Steve Reich (1936-), Come Out; survivor of a race riot says "To let the bruise blood come out to show them" after wounding himself to convince police he's a victim. Buddy Rich (1917-87), Swinging' New Band (album); incl. West Side Story Medley; Cliff Richard (1940-) and The Shadows, Visions; Time Drags By; Wind Me Up. Johnny Rivers (1942-), Secret Agent Man (#3 in the U.S.) (1M copies); theme of the 1963 BBC-TV series "Danger Man" starring Patrick McGoohan. Marty Robbins (1925-82), The Shoe Goes on the Other Foot Tonight (#3 country). Smokey Robinson (1940-) and The Miracles, Away We A Go-Go (album #10) (Nov.); incl. (Come Round Here) I'm the One You Need, Whole Lot of Shakin' In My Heart (Since I Met You). Tommy Roe (1942-), Sweet Pea; Hooray for Hazel. The Grass Roots, Mr. Jones (Ballad of a Thin Man) (debut); Where Were You When I Needed You; Only When You're Lonely; originally the Bedouins and the 13th Floor, from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. songwriter-producers P.F. Sloan (Philip Gary Schlein) (1945-), Steve Barri (Steven Barry Lipkin) (1945-), and performers Rob Grill (1943-) (lead vocals), Warren Entner (1944-) (stands in front with Grill and trades off vocals), Creed Bratton (1943-) (stands back with the drummer and sings harmony) (later becomes a cast member of the TV series "The Office"), Kenny Fukomoto/ Rick Coonce (1946-) (drums); between 1967-72 they are on the Billboard charts for a record 307 straight weeks, selling 30M records, incl. 29 top 100 singles; "They don't have a manager, they have a gardener" (Jimmy Durante). Tim Rose (1940-2002), Hey Joe. The Irish Rovers, The First of the Irish Rovers (album debut); Canadian Irish folk band incl. Will Millar (tenor), Jimmy Ferguson (baritone), George Millar, and Joe Millar. Paul Ryan (1948-) and Barry Ryan (1948-), Have Pity on the Boy; Missy Missy. Mitch Ryder (1945-) and the Detroit Wheels, Devil with the Blue Dress; written in 1964 by W. Stevenson and F. Long; Little Latin Lupe Lu; Break Out. Barry Sadler (1940-89), Ballad of the Green Berets (#1 in the U.S.) (9M copies). Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Tauhid (album); incl. Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, Japan. The Sandpipers, Guantanamera. Gunther Schuller (1925-), The Visitation (opera) (Hamburg). The Searchers, Popcorn Double Feature; Western Union (#115 in the U.S.); Second Hand Dealer. The Downliners Sect, All Night Worker (Jan.); Glendora (June); The Cost of Living (Sept.); The Rock Sect's In (album #3). William Schuman (1910-92), The Witch of Endor (ballet) (New York). The Seeds, The Seeds (album) (debut); Sky "Sunlight" Saxon (Richard Elvern Marsh) (1937-2009) (singer, bass), Daryl Hooper (keyboards), Jan Savage (guitar), Rick Andridge (drums); part of the Los Angeles-based Paisley Underground alternative rock music scene, which later produce The Bangles; incl. Pushin' Too Hard, Mr. Farmer; A Web of Sound (album); incl. Can't Seem to Make You Mine. Pete Seeger (1919-2014), God Bless the Grass (album); Dangerous Songs!? (album); incl. Beans in My Ears (by Len Chandler); contains the lyric "Mrs. Jay's son Alby has beans in his ears", which the anti-Vietnam War crowd takes to mean LBJ. The Seekers, Someday One Day. Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Symphony No. 6 (Newark, N.J.) (Nov. 19); Six Pieces for Violoncello. Cryin Shames, Please Stay; What's New Pussycat. The Shangri-Las, Sophisticated Boom Boom; Dressed in Black; Paradise. Sandie Shaw (1947-), Nothing Comes Easy; Tomorrow; Run; Think Sometimes About Me. Allan Sherman (1924-73), Live!! (Hoping You Are the Same) (album). Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-75), Concerto for Violoncello and Orchestra, No. 2 (Moscow) (Sept. 25); stars Mstislav Rostropovich. Frank Sinatra (1915-98), A Man and His Music (album); incl. Strangers in the Night (#1 in the U.S. ) (composed by Bert Kaempfert for the film "A Man Could Get Killed", with lyrics by Eddie Snyder) (the ending "doo be doo de doo" inspires the cartoon Scooby Doo), Summer Wind. Nancy Sinatra (1940-), These Boots Are Made For Walkin' (Feb.) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); in 2005 Jessica Simpson covers it in the film "The Dukes of Hazzard" (#14 in the U.S.). Patrick Sky (1943-), A Harvest of Gentle Clang (album #2); incl. The Farmer's Cursed Wife, Need Somebody On Your Bond. Percy Sledge (1941-), When a Man Loves a Woman (Apr. 16) (debut) (#1 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); Warm and Tender Love; It Tears Me Up. The Lovin' Spoonful, Daydream (#2 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); Summer in the City. Buffalo Springfield, Buffalo Springfield (album) (debut) (Oct.); formed in Hollywood, Calif. in Apr. by Neil Young (1945-), James "Jim" Messina (1947-), Dewey Martin (1940-2009) (drums), Paul Richard "Ritchie" Furay (1944-), Stephen Stills (1945-), Bruce Palmer (1946-2004) (bass); named after the Buffalo-Springfield [Steam] Roller Co.; they have the potential to become the American Beatles?; they perform at the Whisky-a-Go-Go in Los Angeles from May 2-June 18, getting them a deal with Ahmet Ertegun of Atlantic Records; incl. For What It's Worth (#7 in the U.S.) (written and sung by Stills) (a protest against a police action against protesters of the closing of Pandora's Box nightclub on Sunset Strip), Go and Say Goodbye, Sit Down I Think I Love You, Hot Dusty Roads; after Palmer suffers numerous drug arrests and is kicked out in Jan. 1968, they break up on May 5, 1968 after 25 mo. and go their own ways; Palmer resurfaces in summer 1969 to play for Crosby, Stills, and Nash for two weeks; Furay and Messina form Poco, but disband after the Eagles' 1972 hit "Take It Easy" borrows their style; after his Souther-Hillman-Furay Band (1974) disbands, Furay moves to Sugarloaf Mt. W of Boulder, Colo. and forms the Ritchie Furay Band (1976), then in 1983 becomes pastor of Cavalry Chapel in Broomfield, Colo. Dusty Springfield (1939-99), You Don't Have to Say You Love Me (Mar. 28) (#4 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.). The Standells, Dirty Water; from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Dick Dodd (former Mouseketeer) (vocals, drums), Tommy Valentino (guitar), and Larry Tamblyn (brother of actor Russ Tamblyn) (organ); "Down by the river, down by the banks of the river Charles, that's where you'll find me, along with lovers, fuckers and thieves... oh Boston, you're my home"; the song gets played after every home victory by the Boston Red Sox, Boston Celtics, Boston Bruins, and Northeastern Huskies; Why Pick On Me; Sometimes Good Guys Don't Wear White. Ray Stevens (1939-), Freddie Feelgood (And His Funky Little Five Piece Band). Rolling Stones, Long Long While; Aftermath (album #6) (Apr. 15); first album recorded in the U.S. (RCA Studios, Hollywood, Calif.); incl. Paint It Black ("No colors anymore, I want them to turn black... I wanna see the Sun blotted out from the sky"), Mother's Little Helper ("What a drag it is getting old"), Under My Thumb ("Under my thumb, the girl who once had me down") Lady Jane, Goin' Home, Out of Time, Big Hits (High Tide and Green Grass) (album) (Nov. 4); incl. Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?, 19th Nervous Breakdown. Barbra Streisand (1942-), Color Me Barbra (album); incl. Second Hand Rose. The Supremes, Love is Like an Itching in My Heart; You Keep Me Hangin' On (Oct. 12); You Can't Hurry Love. Norma Tanega (1939-), Walkin' My Cat Named Dog (#22 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder; she goes on to have a lezzie affair with Dusty Springfield and write lyrics for her songs incl. "No Stranger Am I", "Earthbound Gypsy", "Midnight Sounds", and "Go My Love". Howard Tate (1939-), Ain't Nobody Home; Look at Granny Run Run. Nino Tempo (1935-) and April Stevens (1936-), All Strung Out. Nashville Teens, I Know How It Feels to Be Loved; Forbidden Fruit; That's My Woman; after they all flop, Barry Jenkins leaves to join the Animals. The Temptations, Beauty Is Only Skin Deep; Get Ready; Ain't Too Proud to Beg. Them, Them Again (album) (Jan.); incl. Mystic Eyes; Van Morrison leaves to go solo. Ed Thigpen (1930-60), Out of the Storm (album). The Pretty Things, Midnight to Six Man; Come See Me; A House in the Country; Progress (Dec.). B.J. Thomas (1942-2021), I'm So Lonesome I could Cry (album); B.J. Thomas (album). Four Tops, The Four Tops Live! (album); The Four Tops on Top (album); incl. Shake Me, Wake Me (When It's Over). Tornados, Pop-Art Goes Mozart; Is That a Ship I Hear. Do You Come Here Often? (last release); first openly gay U.S.-U.K. pop record, written by producer Joe Meek (1929-67), who commits suicide next year. The Toys, A Lover's Concerto. The Troggs, Wild Thing (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); written by Angelina Jolie's uncle Chip Taylor (James Wesley Voight); formerly the Troglodytes; from Andover, England incl. Reg Presley (Reginald Maurice Ball) (1941-) (vocals); With a Girl Like You (#1 in the U.K.), I Can't Control Myself, Any Way That You Want Me; Reg Presley, Chris Britton, Pete Staples, Ronnie Bond, Tony Murray. Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner (1939-), River Deep, Mountain High (album); arranged and conducted by Jack Nitzsche (1937-2000); a big flop, setting back the career of producer Phil Spector; incl. River Deep, Mountain High. Twilights, Needle in a Haystack; from Australia. Unit 4 + 2, You've Got to Be Cruel to Be Kind. The Turtles, You Baby (album #2); incl. You Baby. The Twilights, Bad Boy; Needle in a Haystack. Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, Working My Way Back to You (#9 in the U.S.); Opus 17 (Don't You Worry 'bout Me) (#13 in the U.S.); I've Got You Under My Skin (#9 in the U.S.); Tell It to the Rain (#10 in the U.S.). The New Vaudeville Band, Winchester Cathedral (album) (debut); incl. Winchester Cathedral (#1 in the U.S.) (3M copies); from London, England, incl. Geoffrey "Geoff" Stephens (1934-). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Cabaret. The Ventures, Where the Action Is! (album) (Feb.); The Ventures/Batman Theme (album) (Mar.); incl. Batman Theme; Go With the Ventures! (album) (June); Wild Things! (album) (Sept.). The Vogues, Five O'Clock World (album #2); incl. Five O'Clock World (by Allen Reynolds) (#4 in the U.S.). Bobby Vinton (1935-), Live at the Copa (album); Country Boy (album); Satin Pillows; Petticoat White (Summer Sky Blue); Dum-De-Da. Walker Brothers, After the Lights Go Out (album); incl. The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore. Junior Walker (1931-) and the All Stars, (I'm a) Road Runner; Cleo's Mood; How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You); Money (That's What I Want), Pt. 1. Burt Ward (1945-), Boy Wonder, I Love You (Nov. 14); written by Frank Zappa; Orange Colored Sky (Nov. 14). Dee Dee Warwick (1945-2008), I Want to Be With You (#41 in the U.S.). Dionne Warwick (1940-), Message to Michael (#8 in the U.S.); I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself. Mary Wells (1943-92), Dear Lover. Kim Weston (1939-), Helpless. The Who, A Quick One (Happy Jack) (album #2) (Dec. 9); incl. A Quick One, While He's Away, Boris the Spider, Happy Jack; Substitute. Andy Williams (1927-), The Shadow of Your Smile (album) (#6 in the U.S.); incl. Bye Bye Blues (#127 in the U.S.). Jackie Wilson (1934-84), Whispers (Gettin' Louder). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Down to Earth (album) (Nov. 16); incl. Blowin' in the Wind; A Place in the Sun. The Yardbirds, Shapes of Things (Mar.) (#11 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); Roger the Engineer (album #3) (July 15); Over Under Sideways Down (album #4) (July); incl. Over Under Sideways Down (May) (#13 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.); Happenings 10 years Time Ago (Oct.) (#43 in the U.K.). Movies: Since it's the big 666 year, it's safer to stick with titles that start with B as in Bible? Lewis Gilbert's Alfie (Mar. 24) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1963 Bill Naughton play stars Rotherhithe, London-born Sir Michael Caine (Maurice Joseph Mickelwhite) (1933-) as British Cockney nowhere man playboy chaffeur Alfie Elkins in mod London to the hit Alfie Theme ("What's it all about, Alfie?"), sung by Dionne Warwick, making Caine an internat. star; he got the part after his roommate Terence Stamp turned it down; first film to receive the PG rating from the Motion Picture Assoc. of Am.; "What's it all about? You know what I mean." Edward Dmytryk's Alvarez Kelly (Oct.), based on the Sept. 1864 Beefsteak Raid in the U.S. Civil War stars William Holden as Mexican cattleman Alvarez Kelly, and Richard Widmark as Col. Tom Rossiter. Andrei Tarkovsky's Andrei Rublev (Dec.) stars Anatol Solonitzine as the #1 medieval Russian Orthodox icon painter Andrei Rublev (1360-1430) in a rich 3.5-hour pathos-filled tale of hard times for the cross-kissing peasants under the horrible horseback-riding Tatars; too bad, the Soviet govt. suppresses it until the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union. Gillo Pontecorvo's The Battle of Algiers (Sept. 8) is a documentary of the 1954-62 Algerian War and 1957 Battle of Algiers, which becomes a bible for urban guerrillas. John Huston's The Bible: In the Beginning (Sept. 18) is 174 boring min. of 22 chapters of extravagantly-produced Genesis stories starring who-cares Michael Parks as Adam, who-cares Ulla Bergryd as Eve, well-cast Richard Harris as Cain, Stephen Boyd as Nimrod, George C. Scott as Abraham, Ava Gardner as Sarah, and Peter O'Toole as the Three Angels; one bright point, atheist Huston's great voiceovers as Noah, the Serpent, and God rule? Fielder Cook's A Big Hand for the Little Lady (Big Deal at Dodge City) (May 31), based on the TV play "Big Deal in Laredo" by Sidney Carroll stars Joanne Woodward and Henry Fonda as married travelers Mary and Meredith, who happen into a high-stakes poker game in Sam's Saloon in 1880s Laredo, Tex., and get in over their heads, causing them to go to local banker C.P. Ballinger (Paul Ford) to back them with their hand as their only collateral, winning a fortune, after which it is revealed they're all in cahoots and are all prof. gamblers, even their little kid Jackie (Jean-Michel Michenaud), and the doctor Joseph "Doc" Scully (Burgess Meredith), who deals the final hand; Ballinger turns out to be Mary's beau. Michelangelo Antonioni's Blow-Up (Blowup) (Dec. 18) (MGM), based on the 1959 story "The Droolings of the Devil" by Argentine novelist Julio Cortazar (Cortázar) (1914-84), about mod London photographer David Royston Bailey (1938-) and featuring a score by Herbie Hancock stars Vanessa Redgrave as fashion model Jane, and David Hemmings as Thomas, a photographer who takes photos of a couple in Marylon Park in Charlton, SE London, and then does you know what to it to prove it's evidence of murder, raising the issue of photography as voyeurism; does $20M box office on a $1.8M budget, helping to "liberate Hollywood from its puritanical prurience" (Richard Corliss) after the film's success causes the MPAA Production Code to be revised; features a performance of Stroll On by the Yardbirds (after Eric Burdon turns it down and The Who are dropped), and a 5-min. photoshoot of leggy German Ford Modeling Agency supermodel Veruschka von Lehndorff (1939-) - how many paid for a ticket thinking they were going to see a beejay? James Hill's Born Free (June 22), based on the 1960 book by Joy Adamson stars stars Virginia McKenna and Bill Travers as Joy and George Adamson, who raise cute lion cub Elsa then struggle to return it to the wild in Kenya so it won't have to live in a zoo; the 1971 sequel "Living Free" stars Susan Hampshire and Nigel Davenport. Yoko Ono's Bottoms (No. 4) features acres of closeups of human butts, showing why John Lennon fell in love with her? Melville Shavelson's Cast a Giant Shadow (Mar. 30) stars Kirk Douglas as U.S. Col. David "Mickey" Marcus, who is recruited by the Zionists to help them defend newly-founded Israel against pesky Arabs; Angie Dickinson plays Emma Marcus; John Wayne plays a U.S. gen. who teaches Marcus that Jews must show self-respect and stand up for themselves; "Outnumbered - unarmed - unprepared - they stunned the world with their incredible victory!" Arthur Penn's The Chase (Feb. 16), written by Lillian Hellman based on a play by Horton Foote stars Robert Redford as escaped con Charlie "Bubber" Reeves, who is chased by sheriff Calder (Marlon Brando), while Jason "Jake" Rogers (James Fox), son of rich oil man Val Rogers (E.G. Marshall) has an affair with Bubber's wife Anna (Jane Fonda). Andy Warhol and Paul Morrissey's The Chelsea Girls, starring Brigid Berlin as the Duchess makes your face feel like a cast, the cinematic equivalent of a blank stare?; stars a long list of nobodies, except Edith Minturn "Edie" Sedgwick (1943-71), a rich Boston girl Warhol took into his East Side Factory, who ends up ODing, getting Warhol blamed. Raoul Levy's The Defector (Nov. 16) is a thriller starring Montgomery Clift (his last film) as Prof. James Bower, an Am. physicist blackmailed by CIA agent Adam (Roddy McDowall) into going to East Germany to get microfilm from a defecting Russian scientist, and comes up against East German secret agent Peter Heinzeman (Hardy Kruger). Harmon Jones' Don't Worry, We'll Think of a Title (May) (United Artists), produced by Morey Amsterdam is a zany comedy about incompetent cook Charlie Yuckapuck (Amsterdam), who is mistaken for a wayward Soviet astronaut by the KEB as he switches jobs to work at a univ. bookstore with waitresses Annie (Rosie Marie) and Magda (January Jones); features cameos by Forrest Tucker, Irene Ryan, Steve Allen, Milton Berle, Moe Howard, Carl Reiner, Danny Thomas et al. Bruce Brown's The Endless Summer (June 15) stars Mike Hynson and Robert August as surfers going around the world to chase the summer, incl. Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa; cool surf rock soundtrack by The Sandals; does $5M U.S. and $20M worldwide box office on a $50K budget, causing the surf-and-travel craze, popularizing surfing in Calif. and Australia and sparking a series of surf movies; followed by the sequels "The Endless Summer II" (1994), showing the shortboard in use, and "The Endless Summer Revisited" (2000). Francois Truffaut's Fahrenheit 451 (Sept. 16) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1953 Ray Bradbury novel, Truffaut's first color and only English language film stars Oskar Werner as Guy Montag, and Julie Christie as Clarisse in a paean to scops; Bee Duffell is the Book Lady; Werner gets mad at Truffaut during filming and shaves his head for the final scenes to rile him up; refilmed in 2018. Marco Bellochio's Fist in the Pocket (Oct. 31) (Bellochio's feature film debut) stars Lou Castel as paranoid epileptic Alessandro, who decides to murder his family to end its transmission of hereditary diseases. Billy Wilder's The Fortune Cookie (Oct. 19), about a crooked lawyer (oxymoron?) getting his brother-in-law to fake a serious injury is the first of several Jack Lemmon-Walter Matthau comedies. Richard O. Fleischer's Fantastic Voyage (Aug. 24), written by Harry Kleiner is about a medical crew incl. Stephen Boyd and Raquel Welch, who are shrunk to microscopic size and injected into the bloodstream of a comatose diplomat to save him; remade in 2000; Welch becomes the last star to be created under the studio system. Richard Lester's A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (Oct. 16), based on the musical by Burt Shevelove and Larry Gelbart stars Zeo Mostel as Pseudolus, the laziest slave in Rome, Phil Silvers as slave dealer Marcus Lycus, Buster Keaton as Erronius (whose children were stolen by pirates, and is still looking for them), Michael Crawford as Hero, Jack Gilford as head slave Hysterium, and Annette Andre as lovely slave Philia, whom Pseudoleus tries to hook up with Hero in order to win his freedom after she is betrothed to Capt. Miles Gloriosus (Leon Greene). Silvio Narizzano's Georgy Girl (Oct. 17) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1965 Margaret Forster novel stars Lynn Redgrave (1943-2010) (sister of Vanessa Redgrave, and aunt of Joely Richardson and Natasha Richardson) as overweight virginal 22-y.-o. frump with a heart of gold Georgina Parkin in Swinging London, who raises Sara, the baby of promiscuous roommate Meredith (Charlotte Rampling), and must care for her irresponsible flirting father Jos Jones (Alan Bates) while dodging the amorous attentions of his boss James Leamington (James Mason); does $16.9M box office on a $400K budget; the title song Georgy Girl (written by Jim Dale and Tom Springfield) (#2 in the U.S.) (#3 in the U.K.) (3.5M copies) by the Australian group The Seekers is a big hit; "Who needs a perfect lover when you're a mother at heart... Better try to tell yourself that you've got your way...now you've got a future planned for you...at least he's a millionaire...you're rich, Georgy Girl." Don Weis' The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini stars Tommy Kirk as Chuck Phillips, and Deborah Walley as Lili Morton in a haunted house bikini combo movie, featuring Boris Karloff and Basil Rathbone; Nancy Sinatra also appears. Sergio Leone's The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (Il Buono, il Brutto, il Cattivo) (cattivo means bad and brutto ugly) (Dec. 23), #3 in the made-in-Spain Dollars Trilogy stars Clint Eastwood as the Man with No Name (Good), Elich Wallach as bandito Tuco Benedicto Pacifico Juan Maria Ramirez (who calls Eastwood "Blondie") (Ugly), and Eli Wallach as the Man in Black (whom Tuco calls "Angel Eyes") (Bad) (Bad and Ugly are mixed-up in the English vers. because the English title has the words reversed), who get in a struggle to find some stolen Confed. gold in a cemetery in a grave in Sad Hill marked Unknown next to Arch Stanton's, passing through Betterville POW Camp (based on Andersonville); the ensemble of Italian actors who play Union and Confed. soldiers and U.S. and Mexican citizens plus 1.5K Spanish militia members in a Spanish setting gives the whole movie an eerie unreality, adding to the effect of the futility of the U.S. Civil War; "the best-directed film of all time" (Quentin Tarantino); does $25.1M box office on a $1.2M budget; banned in Norway until 1982; Ennio Morricone's Theme from The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly is a hit; Leone, who is lax on safety at the set tops himself when Wallach drinks from a bottle of acid left accidentally next to his soda bottle by a studio technician, after which his horse runs away with him for a mi., and then he is almost decapitated by an iron step on a railroad car; the bridge that is blown up onscreen is first blown up by accident and has to be rebuilt. John Frankenheimer's Grand Prix (Dec. 21) stars James ? as race car driver Peter Aron, and Eva Marie Saint as groupie Louise Frederickson; also stars Yves Montand, Jessica Walter, and Toshiro Mifune. Jack Smight's Harper (Feb. 23), based on the Ross Macdonald novel stars Paul Newman as Bogart-clone P.I. Lew Harper of Calif., who is hired by wealthy matron Elaine Sampson (Lauren Bacall) to locate her kidnapped hubby, and runs into an illegal alien smuggling ring. Arthur Lubin's Hold On! (Aug. 12) stars Herman's Hermits singing "Leaning On a Lampost" and "A Must to Avoid". Rene Clement's Is Paris Burning?, based on the book by Larry Collins (1929-2005) and Dominique Lapierre (1931-) tells about about the Nazi occupation of Paris and the 1944 liberation, and Hitler's plans to destroy it if the Allies capture it. of Paris in 1944. Basil Dearden'sKhartoum (June 9) (United Artists), written by Robert Ardrey stars Charlton Heston as British Gen. Charles "Chinese" Gordon, and Laurence Olivier as El Mahdi in 1880s Sudan; "I am a poor man of the desert, but I am the Mahdi, the expected one. On my cheek, the mole; between my teeth, the space... All Islam must know who I am and believe... The Nile will taste of blood for a hundred miles." Norman Abbott's The Last of the Secret Agents? (May 25) is a flop starring comedy team Marty Allen (1922-) and Steve Rossi (1928-) as Am. spies in France going after an art theft ring that stole the Statue of Liberty; so bad it becomes a cult hit? Claude Lelouch's A Man and a Woman (Un Homme et Une Femme) (May 13) stars Anouk Aimee and Jean-Louis Trintignant, who meet at their children's boarding school, discover they're both widowers, and start to hook up until she tells him how her hubby's memory won't let her. Fred Zinnemann's A Man for All Seasons (Dec. 12) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1954 Robert Bolt play stars Paul Scofield as Sir Thomas More, and Robert Shaw as Henry VIII, who tries to force him to acknowledge his annulment to Catherine of Aragon and his self-elevation to English pope; Orson Welles plays Cardinal Wolsey; Leo McKern plays Thomas Cromwell; Nigel Davenport plays the duke of Norfolk; John Hurt plays Sir Richard Rich; does $28.4M box office on a $2M budget; "God made the angels to show Him splendor, as He made animals for innocence and plants for their simplicity. But Man He made to serve Him wittily, in the tangle of his mind"; "Thomas More's head was stuck on Traitors' Gate for a month, then his daughter, Margaret, removed it and kept it till her death. Cromwell was beheaded for high treason five years after More. The archbishop was burned at the stake. The Duke of Norfolk should have been executed for high treason, but the king died of syphilis the night before. Richard Rich became chancellor of England and died in his bed." Jean-Luc Godard's Masculin-Feminine (Masculin-Féminin): 15 Faits Precis (Mar. 22) stars Jean-Pierre Leaud as an ex-Army man, and Chantal Goya as a radical woman singer going anarchist in a New Wave hit. Karel Reisz's Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment (Apr. 4) stars David Warner as swinging 60s dreamer Morgan Delt, who divorces his wife Leonie (Vanessa Redgrave), get in trouble with the pigs, and ends up in a lunatic asylum. Henry Hathaway's Nevada Smith (June 10) (Paramount Pictures) stars Steve McQueen as Max Sand, whose white father and Indian mother were killed by outlaws when he was a boy, causing him to go on a revenge quest as Nevada Smith. Don Chaffey's One Million Years B.C. (Dec. 30) (Hammer Film Productions) (Seven Arts) (Warner-Pathe) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1940 Hal Roach flick debuts, starring John Richardson as Tumak, and impossibly-proportioned sex bomb Raquel Welch (Tejada) (1940-) as Loana, who likes to wear a fur bikini to show she has killer looks, and delivers only 1 line, "Me Loana, you Tumak", making her an instant star; "Discover a savage world whose only law was lust" - clever way to get around 666 by putting the million-year grandfather clause before the B.C. part? Daniel Mann's Our Man Flint (Jan. 16) is a James Bond 007 spoof starring James Coburn as secret agent Derek Flint, and Lee J. Cobb as his chief Cramden; the sequel is In Like Flint (1967), dir. by Gordon Douglas. Michael D. Moore's musical comedy film Paradise, Hawaiian Style (Paramount Pictures) (June 9) stars Elvis Presley as airline pilot Rick Richards, who starts a helicopter charter business with Danny Kohana (James Shigeta); Elvis' 3rd and last Hawaii film; does $2.5M box office on a $2M budget. Ingmar Bergman's Persona (Oct. 18) stars Bibi Andersson as nurse Alma, who is put in charge of actress Elisabeth Vogler (Liv Ullmann, and finds their personalities melding. Shohei Imamura's The Pornographers, based on the novel "An Introduction to Anthropology Through the Pornographers" by Akiyuki Naska is about porno filmmaker Mr. Ogata, who lives in a sleazy Japanese underworld. Michael Anderson's The Quiller Memorandum (Nov. 10), based on the 1965 Elleston Trevor novel "The Berlin Memorandum" stars George Segal as British spy Quiller, who investigates neo-Nazis in Berlin; Alec Guinness plays his controller Pol. Andrew V. McLaglen's The Rare Breed (Feb. 2, based on the life of rancher Col. John William Burgess is a Western starring Maureen O'Hara as Hereford cattle pioneer Martha Price, and James Stewart as cowboy Sam Burnett; musical score by "Johnny Williams" (John Williams). Norman Jewison's The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (May 25), based on the 1961 Nathaniel Benchley novel about a Soviet sub running aground off New England, causing the villagers to get riled up stars "The Banana Boat Song" co-composer Alan Wolf Arkin (1934-) as Lt. Rozanov, Brian Keith as police chief Link Mattocks, and Carl Reiner and Eva Marie Saint as Walt and Elspeth Whittaker. Robert Wise's The Sand Pebbles (Dec. 20), written by Robert Woodruff Anderson based on the Richard McKenna novel stars Steve McQueen as machinist's mate Jake Holman, who patrols the sleeping dragon of 1920s China on the gunboat USS San Pablo with Capt. Collins (Richard Collins) and machinist's mate Frenchy Burgoyne (Richard Attenborough); "I was home... What happened? What the hell happened?" (McQueen, as he dies at the end). John Frankenheimer's Seconds (Oct. 5), based on a novel by David Ely stars Rock Hudson as swinging bachelor artist Antiochus "Tony" Wilson, who started out as frumpy dissatisfied wealthy banker Arthur Hamilton (John Randolph, the last blacklisted actor to gain reemployment in Hollywood) until he was contacted by "the Company", who faked his death with a cadaver in a hotel room fire and gave him plastic surgery and psychological brainwashing, then put him up in a fancy home in Malibu, after which he hooks up with blonde babe Nora Morcus (Salome Jens) and enjoys bacchanalian orgies, but misses his old life and asks to go back, which causes him to find out what "seconds" means. Henry Coster's The Singing Nun (Apr. 2), based on real-life cun, er, nun Jeanne-Paule Marie "Jeanine" Deckers (1933-85), AKA Soeur Sourire ("The Smiling Nun) of the Dominican Fichermont Convent in Belgium (who sings the hit song "Dominique") stars Debbie Reynolds; last film dir. by Coster, who retires to take up painting; after calling the film "fictional", Deckers leaves the monastery next year and continues her musical career under the name Luc Dominique, recording the song Glory Be to God for the Golden Pill in support of birth control, and claiming to agree with John Lennon about Jesus, but ends up a 1-hit wonder, and after falling into debt and failing to score with a disco version of her big hit in 1982, she and her lezzie lover Annie Pecher commit double suicide in 1985 with barbituates. Norman Taurog's Spinout (Nov. 23) stars Elvis Presley as a race car driver in Santa Barbara, Calif. who also happens to be a nightclub singer and "the secret of my success is never say yes" ever-available straight bachelor, who gets chased by wealthy Cynthia Foxhugh (Shelley Fabares) (who uses her daddy's money to trap him), ever-ready female drummer Les (Deborah Walley), and sophisticated "Mating Habits of the Single Male" writer Diana St. Clair (Diane McBain) (who's giving him a whole chapter since he's her perfect man, and wants to housebreak him to make him her perfect hubby); the best that can be done by wholesome Elvis in the decade before hardcore porno does it right, but without the singing talent? Sydney Pollack's This Property is Condemned (Aug. 3), based on the 1946 play by Tennessee Williams is co-written by Francis Ford Coppola, Fred Coe, and Edith Sommer, and set in Depression era Dodson, Miss. (filmed in Bay St. Louis, Miss.); stars Charles Robert Redford Jr. (1936-) as Owen Legate, who hooks up with town flirt Alva Starr (Natalie Wood); after release, Wood has a nervous breakdown, causing her to turn down the Faye Dunaway role in "Bonnie and Clyde" to be with her pshrink; Redford goes on to star in five of Pollack's first 11 films. Barbara Connell's and William C. Jersey's A Time for Burning is a documentary chronicling the unsuccessful attempts of Neb. Lutheran minister Rev. L. William Youngdahl to integrate his church, ending up losing his job. Alfred Hitchcock's Torn Curtain (July 14) (his 50th film) stars Paul Newman as Prof. Michael Armstrong, a fake defector who goes to East Germany to steal missile secrets while innocent babe Dr. Sarah Louise Sherman (Julie Andrews) follows him; the chase scene at the end is a keeper; after dropping Bernard Herrmann, Hitchcock hires film composer John Addison (1920-98) for this film. Sergei Bondarchuk's 7-hour (431 min.) War and Peace (Mar. 14), (U.S. debut Apr. 26, 1968), based on the short little 1869 Leo Tolstoy novel about the Rostov, Bolkonsky and Bezukhov families stars Bondarchuk as Pierre Bezhukov, Ludmila Savelyeva as Natasha Rostova, Vyacheslav Tihonov as Andrei Bokonsky, and Boris Zakhava as Mikhail Kutuzov, becoming the most expensive movie ever made in the Soviet Union ($100M), taking seven years to produce; Vladislav Strzhelchik plays Napoleon; does 58M rubles box office on a $8.29M ruble budget. Alain Resnais' The War is Over (La Guerre est Finie) stars Yves Montand as Spanish Communist Diego Mora, who flees to France to be with lover Marianna (Ingrid Thulin), then returns to help his colleagues. Woody Allen's What's Up, Tiger Lily? (Apr.) takes the Japanese film "International Secret Police: Key of Keys" and overdubs it with a silly soundtrack; the dir. debut of Woody Allen (Allan Stewart Konigsberg) (1935-). Mike Nichols' B&W Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (June 21) (Warner Bros.), a black comedy based on the 1962 Edward Albee play about burned-out prof. George and his foul-mouthed wife Martha is Richard Burton's and Elizabeth Taylor's best film together?; one of the first films dealt with by Jack Valenti as pres. of the MPAA, who decides to censor the word "screw" but keep the phrase "hump the hostess"; does $40M box office on a $7.5M budget; Liz proves she can act, but plays an overweight unglamorous foul-mouthed alcoholic to do it, and her next seven films bomb because she is overexposed? - released in the 666 year, they become more scary? Bryan Forbes' The Wrong Box (May 27) is a British comedy starring Ralph Richardson, John Mills, Peter Cook, Dudley Moore, Peter Sellers, and Michael Caine about a tontine, an insurance pool where the survivor gets it all. Francis Ford Coppola's You're a Big Boy Now (Dec. 9) stars Peter Kastner as Bernard Chanticleer, a post-teen virgin whose daddy tells him to "grow up", and goes to the big city and tries to bed man-hating go-go girl Barbara Darling (Elizabeth Hartman), who was messed up by her lecherous peglegged high school counselor; the dir. debut of Francis Ford Coppola (1939-). Plays: Edward Albee (1928-2016), A Delicate Balance (Martin Beck Theatre, New York) (Sept. 12) (Pulitzer Prize) (132 perf.); stars Jessica Tandy and Hume Cronyn; Agnes and Tobias, and Agnes' sister Claire receive unexpected old friends Harry and Edna and daughter Julia in their drawing room, and end up exploring the frontier between sanity and madness. Woody Allen (1935-), Don't Drink the Water (Morosco Theatre, New York) (Nov. 17) (598 perf.); his first Broadway play; stars Kay Medford, Tony Roberts, Lou Jacobi, Anita Gilette, Dona Mills, and Richard Libertini; the Hollander family goes to Europe and is forced to land in Vulgaria behind the Iron Curtain, after which they are accused of spying for taking photos, and end up holed-up in the U.S. embassy; filmed in 1969 starring Jackie Gleason, and in 1994 starring Michael J. Fox. Jerry Bock (1928-) and Sheldon Harnick (1924-), The Apple Tree (musical) (Shubert Theatre, New York) (Oct. 18) (463 perf.); three acts, each based on another work: "The Diary of Adam and Eve" by Mark Twain (1835-1910), "The Lady or the Tiger?" by Frank Richard Stockton (1834-1902), "Passionella" by Jules Feiffer (1929-); stars Barbara Harris, Larry Blyden, and Alan Alda. Emilio Carballido (1925-2008), I, Too, Speak of the Rose (Yo Tambien Hablo de la Rose) (Teatro Jimenez, Mexico City) (Apr. 16); two vagabond children cause a train wreck. Aime Cesaire (1913-2008), A Season in the Congo (Theatre Vivant, Brussels) (Mar. 20); about Patrice Lumumba. Alice Childress (1920-94), Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in Black and White; a white man and black woman in 1918 S.C.; not produced in New York until 1972, then broadcast on ABC-TV in 1973, with several affiliates boycotting it. Marcel Dube (1930-), At the Return of the White Geese (Au Retour des Oies Blanches) (Comedie-Canadienne, Montreal) (Oct. 21). Friedrich Durrenmatt (1921-90), Der Meteor (comedy). Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Hess; Rudolf Hess' solo flight to the U.K.; Sextiotalskritik. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), The Office. James Goldman (1927-98), The Lion in Winter (Ambassador Theatre, New York) (Mar. 3) (92 perf.); stars Robert Preston as Henry II (1133-89) and Rosemary Harris as Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) in a castle in Chinon, Anjou during Christmas 1183; James Rado plays Richard the Lionheart (1157-99), and Christopher Walken plays his lover Philip II Augustus of France (1165-1223). Paul Eliot Green (1894-1981), Texas: A Symphonic Drama of American History. Christopher Hampton (1946-), When Did You Last See My Mother? (debut) (Royal Court Theatre, London); written while at Oxford U. in 1964; about adolescent homosexuality; youngest writer to have a play performed in the West End in modern times. Peter Handke (1942-), Offending the Audience and Self-Accusation (debut) (Theater am Turm, Frankfurt) (June 8); Prophecy (Oberhausen) (Oct.); Self-Accusation (Oberhausen) (Oct.); his speech at the 28th meeting of Gruppe 47 at Princeton U. in Apr. that German writers are writing nothing but decorative prose that reads like a "pictorial encyclopedia" giving people a false view of reality launches his rep., causing his first plays to have an enthusiastic audience, pissing them off for giving up all illusion that they are about real life, with actors delivering speeches and hurling insults at the audience for believing in them, after which his 1967 essay I Am An Ivory Tower Dweller how terrorizing it is that abstract legal-like language can be used for death and oppression, after which he switches to a lawbook style for all his lit. works. John Hawkes (1925-98), The Innocent Party. Jerry Herman (1931-), Jerome Lawrence (1915-2004), and Robert Edwin Lee, Mame (original title "My Best Girl") (musical) (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (May 25) (1,508 perf.); based on the 1955 Patrick Dennis novel; stars Angela Lansbury as eccentric Mame Dennis, who leads a fabulous life with wealthy friends until her late brother's son arrives; Lansbury is followed in Aug. 1967 by Celeste Holm, in Apr. 1968 by Janis Paige, in Dec. 1968 by Jane Morgan, and in May 1969 by former movie dancer Ann Miller, who does a tap dance number created just for her that wows the audience; features the songs If He Walked Into My Life, Open a New Window, We Need a Little Christmas; filmed in 1958 starring Rosalind Russell, and in 1974 starring Lucille Ball. Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), La Lacune. Jean-Claude von Itallie (1936-), America Hurrah (Pocket Theater, New York) (Nov. 7) (640 perf.); consists of the expressionistic mini-plays "Interview", "TV", and "Motel: Masque for Three Dolls"; shocks audiences with nudity and an anti-Vietnam War message, becoming the first major play of the Vietnam anti-Vietnam War movement; features a woman doll putting lipstick on her nipples; "What about us grills?" Frederick Knott (1916-2002), Wait Until Dark (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Feb. 2) (374 perf.); stars Lee Remick as blind Greenwich Village housewife Susy Hendrix, who is targeted by three thugs searching for a doll with heroin stuffed in it, causing her to even the odds by turning off the lights; also stars Robert Duvall; filmed in 1967. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Mick and Mick (Dublin). Henry Livings (1929-98), Eh? (Circle in the Square Downtown, New York) (Oct. 16); stars Dustin Lee Hoffman (1937-)as Valentine Brose, who is spotted by Mike Nichols, launching his film career; filmed in 1967 as "Work is a Four-Letter Word" starring David Warner. Joe Masteroff (1919-), John Kander (1927-), and Fred Ebb (1933-2004), Cabaret (musical) (Broadhurst Theater, New York) (Nov. 20) (1,165 perf.); produced and dir. by Harold Prince; based on Christopher Isherwood's Berlin Stories" and John Van Druten's 1951 play "I Am a Camera", about Sally Bowles and the Kit Kat Club in Berlin before Hitler shuts them down, and her Am. lover Clifford; stars Joel Gray (MC), Jill Haworth (Sally), Bert Convy (Clifford), Jack Gifford (Herr Schultz), Lotte Lenya (Fraulein Schneider); features the songs Cabaret, Wilkommen, The Money Song; filmed in 1972. Brian Ronald Macdonald (1928-) and Harry Freeman, Rose Latulippe (Stratford, Ont., Canada); first full-length Canadian ballet - for the Golden Arches? Mark Medoff (1940-), The Wager (first play). David Mercer (1928-80), Belcher's Luck. Rochelle Owens (1936-), Homo (Ambiance Theatre, London). Ronald Ribman (1932-), The Journey of the Fifth Horse; based on the short story by Ivan Turgenev. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Le Cheval Evanoui (Évanoui). Armand Salacrou (1899-1989), lay). Harvey Schmidt (1929-) and Tom Jones (1940-), I Do! I Do! (musical) (46th St. Theater, New York) (Dec. 5) (584 perf.); based on the 1951 Jan de Hartog play "The Four Poster"; title from Psalms 23:5; stars Mary Martin and Robert Preston; features the song My Cup Runneth Over. Peter Shaffer (1926-), Black Comedy (Old Vic Theatre, London) (Mar. 8); stars Albert Finney, Maggie Smith, and Derek Jacobi. Neil Simon (1927-2018), Cy Coleman (1929-2004), and Dorothy Fields (1905-74), Sweet Charity (musical) (Palace Theatre, New York) (Jan. 29) (608 perf.); based on the 1957 Federico Fellini film "The Nights of Cabiria"; the Fandango Ballroom; stars Gwen Verdon, who stumbles into one dead-end relationship after another; incl. Big Spender, If My Friends Could See Me Now. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (first play) (Edinburgh); two minor chars. in Shakespeare's "Hamlet" take front stage and play witty word games; "All your life you live so close to the truth, it becomes a permanent blur in the corner of your eye, and when something nudges it into outline it is like being ambushed by a grotesque." Charles Strouse (1928-) and Lee Adams (1924-), It's a Bird! It's a Plane! It's Superman! (musical) (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Mar. 29) (75 perf.); features the songs You've Got Possibilities, We Don't Matter at All. Megan Terry (1932-), Viet Rock (Open Theater, New York) (May); first rock musical, and first anti-Vietnam War play. Alexander Vampilov (1937-72), Farewell in June (debut) (Moscow) (June). Derek Walcott (1930-), Malcochon; or, Six in the Rain. Arnold Wesker (1932-), Their Very Own and Golden City. Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), We Have Always Lived in the Castle. Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Slapstick Tragedy (7 perf.); two 1-act plays, incl. "The Gnadiges Fraulein" and "The Mutilated"; big flop. Lanford Wilson (1937-), The Rimers of Eldritch; the town hermit of a Bible Belt Midwestern town is murdered. Charles Wood (1932-), Don't Make Me Laugh (Aldwych Theatre, London). Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Northfield Poems. John Ashbery (1927-2017), Rivers and Mountains; incl. The Skaters. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Ma noi Facciamone un'Altra. John Betjeman (1906-84), High and Low. Earle Birney (1904-95), Selected Poems 1940-1966. Paul Blackburn (1926-71), 16 Sloppy Haiku and a Lyric for Robert Reardon; Sing Song. Basil Bunting (1900-85), Briggflatts: An Autobiography; establishes his rep; "The spuggies are fledged." Angela Carter (1940-92), Five Quiet Shouters (debut); Unicorn. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), Watchboy: What of the Night (debut). Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Unbaited Trap. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Poems 1950-1965. Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), Cipango's Hinder Door. Guy Davenport (1927-2005), Cydonia Florentia (debut); Flowers and Leaves: Poema vel Sonata, Carmina Autumni Primaeque Veris Transformationem. Gunnar Ekelof (1907-68), The Tale of Fatumeh. William Everson (1912-94), The Blowing of the Seed; pub. under alias Brother Antoninus; Single Source: The Early Poems of William Everson, 1934-1940. Gunter Grass (1927-), Die Plebeier Proben den Aufstand. Robert Hayden (1913-80), Selected Poems. Seamus Heaney (1939-), Death of a Naturalist. Sandra Hochman (1936-), The Vaudeville Marriage; Love Poems: Ch'ing Shih. Randall Jarrell (1914-65), The Lost World (posth.); went nuts soon after completing it? Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Stanyan Street & Other Sorrows; bestseller. James Merrill (1926-95), Nights and Days. Eugenio Montale (1896-1981), Xenia; Il Colpevole. Marianne Moore (1887-1972), Tell Me, Tell Me: Granite, Steel, and Other Topics (last work). Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), Hallelujah Anyway. Sylvia Plath (1932-63), Ariel (posth.); incl. Ariel, Daddy; "I lived in a black shoe for thirty years"; "Daddy, I have had to kill you"; "I may be a bit of a Jew"; "There's a stake in your fat black heart/ And the villagers never liked you./ They are dancing and stamping on you./ They always knew it was you./ Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I'm through."; Tulips "I am nobody; I have nothing to do with explostions"; "I didn't want any flowers, I only wanted/ To lie with my hands turned up and be utterly empty.": The Munich Mannequins, which calls Munich the "morgue between Paris and Rome", and becomes famous for the opening line "Perfection is terrible, it cannot have children", Lady Lazarus, where she appears to believe she is Jewish, and predicts her suicide?; "Out of the ash/ I rise with my red hair/ And I eat men like air." Charles Le Quintrec (1926-2008), Stances du Verbe Amour. Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), Collected Shorter Poems. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), Necessities of Life: Poems 1962-1965. Theodore Roethke (1901-63), Collected Poems (posth.); incl. Infirmity; "How body from spirit slowly does unwind/ Until we are pure spirit at the end" - should have said pure shit? Nelly Sachs (1891-1970), Die Suchende. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Os Poemas Possiveis. James Schuyler (1923-91), May 24th or So. F.R. Scott (1899-1985), Selected Poems. Giorgos Seferis (1900-71), Three Hidden Poems. Anne Sexton (1928-74), Live or Die (Pulitzer Prize); her many suicide attempts, causing speculation of childhood sexual abuse. George Starbuck (1931-96), White Paper. May Swenson (1913-89), Poems to Solve. Wislawa Szymborska (1923-2012), 101 Poems; Selected Poetry. Tomas Transtromer (1931-), Windows and Stones. David Wagoner (1926-), Staying Alive. Diane Wakoski (1937-), Discrepancies and Apparitions. Al Young (1939-), Dancing (debut). Novels: China Achebe (1930-), A Man of the People; teacher Odili Samalu turns politician and helps turn Nigeria into a post-colonial nation. Alice Adams (1926-99), Careless Love (The Fall of Daisy Duke). Catherine Aird (1930-), The Religious Body (first novel); a new English crime novelist launches her series. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), The Saliva Tree and Other Strange Growths (short stories). Jorge Amado (1912-2001), Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands. Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), The Anti-Death League. Reinaldo Arenas (1943-90), Hallucinations: Being an Account of the Life and Adventures of Friar Servando Terese de Mier (El Mundo Alucinante); smuggled out of Cuba, after which the author, who started out backing the Castro rev. is imprisoned for homosexuality and bad thoughts, causing him to flee to the U.S. in 1980, get AIDS and commit suicide; the original Kiss of the Spider Woman? Isaac Asimov (1920-92), Fantastic Voyage; a novelization of the film by Harry Kleiner. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Embezzler. Richard Bach (1936-), Biplane; "Finding ourselves is like flying an ancient biplane coast to coast: there are strorms ahead, but once we've started, it's too late to turn back". Nigel Balchin (1908-70), In the Absence of Mrs. Petersen. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Crystal World; The Impossible Man (short stories). John Barth (1930-), Giles Goat-Boy; George Giles, the son of a computer who was reared by a herd of goats becomes a ritual wandering hero in a world that has become a gigantic academic campus; becomes a classic of metafiction. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), The Monument. Phyllis Eleanor Bentley (1894-1977), A Man of His Time; last in the Inheritance Trilogy (begun 1932). Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), L'Insoumise (The Fugitive). William Peter Blatty (1928-), Twinkle, Twinkle, Killer Kane. Robert Bloch (1917-94), Chamber of Horrors (short stories). Heinrich Boll (1917-85), Ende Einer Dienstfahrt (End of a Mission). Jacques Borel (1925-2002), L'Adoration. Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), Les Immortelles (first novel). Paul Bowles (1910-99), Up Above the World; the Am. Slades tourist couple visit a Central Am. capital, and their host Grove "Veto" Soto says "It's not exactly what you think". Bryher (1894-1983), This January Tale. Frederick Buechner (1926-), The Magnificent Defeat; what it means to follow Christ. Eugene Burdick (1918-65) and William J. Lederer (1912-), Sarkhan; Southeast Asian nation Sarkhan is targeted for Commie takeover. Dino Buzzati (1906-72), Il Colombre (short stories). Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Journey from Ellipsia; The Railway Police and The Last Trolley Ride. John Dickson Carr (1906-77), Panic in Box C. Angela Carter (1940-92), Shadow Dance (Honeybuzzard) (first novel); provincial bohemian disfigures his girlfriend and commits murder. Gabriel Chevallier (1895-1969), L'Enverse de Clochemerle (The Scandals of Clochemerle); last in the Clochemerle trilogy (begun 1934). Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Third Girl (Nov.); Hercule Poirot #31. James Clavell (1924-94), Tai-Pan: A Novel of Hong Kong; the rise of Jardine-Matheson Ltd. in Hong Kong as told by Scotsman Dirk Struan. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), The Deluge (Le Déluge)., about trouble and fear in major Western cities. Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), Beautiful Losers; Catholic Iroquois Catherine Tekakwitha. Larry Collins (1929-2005) and Dominique Lapierre (1931-), Is Paris Burning? - Adolf Hitler, August 25, 1944 (Paris Brule-t-il?). Richard Condon (1915-96), Any God Will Do. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), The Diary of a Rapist; Earl Summerfield; "a triumph of art over case history". Robert Coover (1932-), The Origin of the Brunists (first novel); an Am. miner survives a coal mine disaster and starts a religious cult. Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Todos los Fuegos el Fuego (short stories). A.J. Cronin (1896-1981), Further Adventures of a Black Bag. Lionel Davidson (1922-2009), A Long Way to Shiloh (The Menorah Men); language prof. Caspar Laing translated an ancient Israeli parchment giving the location of a menorah rescued from the Temple of Jerusalem before its destruction by the Roman in 70 C.E., and races the Jordanians to it in the Negev desert. Len Deighton (1929-), Billion Dollar Brain; Harry Palmer #4. Samuel R. Delany (1942-), Babel-17; an attempt to prove the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis that language strongly influences perception of reality and thought as the language Babel-17 is developed as a weapon during an interstellar war to make people into traitors, causing starship Capt. Rydra Wong to be selected to figure out they are infiltrating them. Nicholas Delbanco (1942-), The Martlet's Tale (first novel); based on the Biblical story of the Prodigal Son. R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), A Horseman Riding By. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), The Puppies of Terra (Mankind Under the Leash). Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008) and Cassandra Knye, The House That Fear Built; One Hundred and Two H-Bombs and Other Science Fiction Stories. E.L. Doctorow (1931-), Big As Life; two nude giants settle down in New York Harbor; "the worst I've done" (Doctorow). J.P. Donleavy (1926-), The Saddest Summer of Samuel S; a man is trapped by excessive self-analysis. Margaret Drabble (1939-), Jerusalem the Golden. Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Les Rois Maudits, Roman Historique (The Accursed Kings of France, a Historical Novel) (6 vols.); vol. 7 in 1977. Allen Drury (1918-98), Capable of Honor. Marguerite Duras (1914-96), The Vice-Consul. Stanley Elkin (1930-95), Criers and Kibitzers, Kibitzers and Criers (short stories). Richard Farina (1937-66), Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me (first novel) (Apr. 28); picaresque novel about Gnossos Pappadoupoulis; author dies in a motorcycle accident two days after pub., causing his Cornell U. friend Thomas Pynchon to dedicate "Gravity's Rainbow" (1973) to him, describing the novel as "coming on like the Hallelujah Chorus done by 200 kazoo players with perfect pitch". James T. Farrell (1904-79), Lonely for the Future. Howard Fast (1914-2003), Torquemada. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), The Last Jew in America (short stories). Ian Fleming (1908-64), Octopussy and The Living Daylights (short stories) (14th and last James Bond 007 book) (June 23) (posth.); incl. "Octopussy" (filmed in 1983), "The Living Daylights" (filmed in 1987), "The Property of a Lady", and "007 in New York". Janet Frame (1924-2004), A State of Siege. Michael Frayn (1933-), The Russian Interpreter. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), The King of the Rainy Country (Van der Valk #6); The Dresden Green. John Gardner (1933-82), The Resurrection (first novel); a philosophy prof. is dying of cancer. Romain Gary (1914-80), Les Mangeurs d'Etoiles (The Talent Scout). William Howard Gass (1924-), Omensetter's Luck (first novel); Brackett Omensetter vs. Rev. Jethro Ferber in 1890s Ohio. Dorothy Gilman (1923-), The Unexpected Mrs. Pollifax; first in a series about a grandmother who decides to become a spy. Jose Maria Gironella (1917-2003), Peace Has Broken Out (Ha Estallado la Paz). Nadine Gordimer (1923-), The Late Bourgeois World. Joanne Greenberg (1932-), Summering: A Book of Short Stories. Graham Greene (1904-91), The Comedians; set in Haiti after he visits Papa Doc Duvalier and stays in Hotel Oloffson in Port-au-Prince; filmed in 1967. Davis Grubb (1919-80), Shadow of My Brother; a young boy is brutally murdered in a Southern town while five people watch. Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018), Planet of Exile (first novel); Rocannon's World (Hainish). Peter Handke (1942-), Die Hornissen (The Hornets) (first novel). Alan Stewart Harrington (1918-97), The Secret Swinger. Harry Harrison, Make Room! Make Room!; the overpopulated Earth in 1999; filmed in 1973 as "Soylent Green". L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), The Betrayal. Shirley Hazzard (1931-), The Evening of the Holiday. Robert A. Heinlein (1907-88), The Moon is a Harsh Mistress. Sir Alan Patrick Herbert (1890-1971), Wigs at Work; a collection of his "Misleading Cases", humorous fake legal cases pub. in Punch mag. since 1910. John Hersey (1914-92), Too Far to Walk; undergrads doing LSD. Masuji Ibuse (1898-1993), Black Rain; the lasting social effects of the Hiroshima A-bomb; his masterpiece? - massagee the abusee pureese? Guillermo Cabrera Infante (1929-2005), Three Trapped (Sad) Tigers (Tres Tristes Tigres); makes him a Cuban Mark Twain? Christopher Isherwood (1904-86), Exhumations. Shirley Jackson (1916-65), Just an Ordinary Day (short stories) (posth.). Randall Jarrell (1914-65), The Animal Family; illustrated by Maurice Sendak; popular children's book. B.S. Johnson (1933-73), Trawl. Frances Parkinson Keyes (1885-1970), I, the King. Daniel Keyes (1927-), Flowers for Algernon; lab mouse Algernon is transformed into a genius, after which mentally-retarded Charlie Gordon undergoes experimental surgery to follow in his footsteps; filmed in 1968 as "Charly". Galway Kinnell (1927-2014), Black Light (only novel). Russell Amos Kirk (1918-94), A Creature of the Twilight: His Memorial. Fletcher Knebel (1911-93), The Zin Zin Road; Peace Corps workers in Africa get caught in a rev. John Knowles (1926-2001), Indian Summer; WWII flying vet Cleet Lingsolving returns home and gets in a war with the rich Reardon family. Anatoly Kuznetsov (1929-79), Babi Yar: A Document in the Form of a Novel; novel about the Sept. 29-30, 1941 Babi Yar Massacre of 33,771 Jews near Kiev; after the Soviets censor it, Kuznetsov flees to Britain in 1969 with the ms., which is pub. in 1970 under the alias "A. Anatoli". Louis L'Amour (1908-88), Mustang Man. Emma Lathen, Murder Makes the Wheels Go Round; John Putnam Thatcher #4; Death Shall Overcome; John Putnam Thatcher #5. Margaret Laurence (1926-87), A Jest of God; filmed in 1968 as "Rachel, Rachel". Camara Laye (1928-80), A Dream of Africa (Dramouss); written in exile in Senegal. Eric Linklater (1899-1974), A Terrible Freedom. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), The Green House; Bonifacia, queen of a brothel. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), The Double Image. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), When Eight Bells Toll. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Adrift on the Nile. Charles Eric Maine (1921-81), B.E.A.S.T. (Biological Evolutionary Animal Simulation Test) Bernard Malamud (1914-86), The Fixer (Pulitzer Prize); the 1913 Manahem Mendel Beilis trial, a Jew framed for murder in tsarist Russia; "No such thing as an unpolitical man"; becomes a hit with civil rights activists; filmed in 1968 starring Alan Bates as Yakov Bok. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Wild Horizon. William Keepers Maxwell Jr. (1908-2000), The Old Man at the Railroad Crossing and Other Tales (short stories). Larry McMurtry (1936-), The Last Picture Show; #3 in his Thalia Trilogy (1961-6); high school seniors Sonny Crawfrd and Duane Jackson in Thalia, Tex. in 1951-2 experiment with sex; filmed in 1961. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Terms of Reference. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), Patriotism; Death in Midsummer and Other Stories. Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Assassins. Patricia Moyes (1923-), To Kill a Coconut (The Coconut Killings); Inspector Henry Tibbett. Iris Murdoch (1919-99), The Time of the Angels. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Nabokov's Quartet (short stories). John Nichols (1940-), The Wizard of Loneliness. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Upon the Sweeping Flood and Other Stories. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Casualties of Peace. John O'Hara (1905-70), Waiting for Winter (short stories). Cynthia Ozick (1928-), Trust (first novel); her attempt at becoming the next Henry James flops, causing her to turn to short stories. Aldo Palazzeschi (1885-1974), Il Buffo Integrale. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Piper on the Mountain. Georges Perec (1936-82), Which Moped with Chrome-Plated Handlebars at the Back of the Yard? (Quel Petit Vélo à Guidon Chromé au Fond de la Cour?) Walker Percy (1916-90), The Last Gentleman; Am. Southerner Will Barrett struggles with amnesia. Harry Mark Petrakis (1923-), A Dream of Kings. Charles Portis (1933-), Norwood (first novel); ex-Marine Norwood Pratt of Ralph, Tex. Reynolds Price (1933-), A Generous Man. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), The Saint and Other Stories. Thomas Pynchon (1937-), The Crying of Lot 49; Oedipa Maas unearths the 200-y.-o. conflict between mail distribution cos. Thurn und Taxis and the Trystero (Tristero). Mary Renault (1905-83), The Mask of Apollo; Athenian actor Nikeratos, Plato, Dion, and Dionysius the Younger in Syracuse. Jean Rhys (1890-1979), Wide Sargasso Sea; prequel to Charlotte Bronte's 1847 "Jane Eyre"; how Rochester's first wife, white Creole Bertha Mason of Thornfield Hall (the "madwoman in the attic") starts out as Antoinette Cosway in Jamaica. Conrad Michael Richter (1890-1968), The Awakening Land Triology (The Trees, The Fields, The Town). Robert Henry Rimmer (1917-2001), The Harrad Experiment; bestseller (3M copies) about brainy students Stanley Kolasukas and Sheila Grove, Harry Schacht and Beth Hillyer, Jack Dawes and Valerie Latrobe, who start out rooming in pairs in college then enter a group marriage; launches the polyamory movement. Judith Rossner (1935-2005), To the Precipice (first novel). William Sansom (1912-76), Goodbye (Oct.). Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Le Mensonge. Mark Schorer (1908-77) and August Derleth (1909-71), Colonel Markesan and Less Pleasant People. Paul Mark Scott (1920-78), The Jewel in the Crown; #1 in the Raj Quartet (1966-74); a wordy rewrite of E.M. Forter's "A Passage to India" (1924). Ryotaro Shiba (1923-96), Ryoma on the Move (Moves Ahead) (8 vols.); 1860s samurai Ryoma Sakamoto starts out fighting the Tokugawa shogunate with the Sonno-Joi to restore the xenophobic emperor, then flops and helps bring about the Meiji Restoration that opens Japan to the West and its technology. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), Zlateh the Goat and Other Stories; illustrated by Maurice Sendak. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), The Sky Changes (first novel). Wole Soyinka (1935-), The Interpreters. Norman Spinrad (1940-), The Solarians, about the war between humans and Duglaari (Doogs). Edward Stewart (1938-96), Orpheus On Top (first novel). Tom Stoppard (1937-), Lord Malquist and Mr. Moon (first novel); a donkey-born Irishman claims to be the risen Christ. Jacqueline Susann (1918-74), Valley of the Dolls (first novel); actress-turned-writer writes bestseller about a set of glamorous women laced with sex and profanity incl. an explicit description of breast cancer. Jean Stafford (1915-79) Bad Characters; Emily Vanderpool and Lottie Jump. Philip Toynbee (1916-81), A Learned City: The Sixth Day of the Valediction of Pantaloon. Barry Unsworth (1930-2012), The Partnership (first novel). John Updike (1932-2009), The Music School (short stories). Peter Ustinov (1921-2004), Halfway Up the Tree. Per Wahloo (1926-75), Murder on the Thirty-First Floor; chief inspector Jensen. Per Wahloo (1926-75) and Maj Sjowall (1935-), The Man Who Went Up in Smoke; Martin Beck #2. John B. Wain (1925-94), Death of the Hind Legs and Other Stories. Margaret Walker (1915-98), Jubilee; in 1988 she unsuccessfully sues Alex Haley, claiming that his novel "Roots" violates her copyright. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Sunday Gentlemen. Martin Walser (1927-), Das Einhorn. Paul West (1930-), Alley Jaggers. Rebecca West (1892-1983), The Birds Fall Down. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Wanton Princess. Patrick White (1912-90), The Solid Mandala; the symbiotic relationship of Waldo and Arthur Brown in Sarsaparilla, Australia. Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), An Odor of Sanctity. Sol Yurick (1925-2013), Fertig; middle-class New York Jew goes ape after a hospital staff kills his son, hunting and murdering seven of them, then getting a taste of the corrupt city elite in court, incl. Judge Mabel Crossland, his atty. Royboy, and town boss Irving Hockstaff, going on to become the next "An American Tragedy". Roger Zelazny (1937-95), The Dream Master (He Who Shapes) (The Ides of Octember); neuroparticipant therapist Charles Render. Births: Am. "Strawberry Wine", "We Danced Anyway", "How Do I Get There" country singer Deana Kay Carter on Jan. 4 in Nashville, Tenn.; daughter of Fred Carter Jr. (1933-2010); educated at the U. of Tenn. Am. rock drummer (lesbian) Kate Schellenbach (Beastie Boys, Luscious Jackson) on Jan. 5 in New York City. Am. socialite Carolyn Bessette Kennedy (Carolyn Jeanne Bessette) (d. 1999) on Jan. 7 in White Plains, N.Y.; wife of JFK Jr. (1960-99). Am. "Dragula" rock singer-dir.-writer Rob Zombie (Robert Cummings) (White Zombie) on Jan. 12 in Haverhill, Mass.; horror movie junkie. Am. grunge musician Andrew Patrick Wood (d. 1990) (AKA Landrew the Love Child) (Malfunkshun, Mother Love Bone) on Jan. 8 in Columbus, Miss. Norwegian country singer Steinar Engelbrektson on Jan. 11. Am. "Dr. Derek McDreamy Shepherd on Grey's Anatomy" actor (dyslexic) Patrick Galen Dempsey on Jan. 13 in Lewiston, Maine. Am. "Dennis Blunden in Head of the Class" actor-writer-producer Daniel James "Dan" Schneider on Jan. 14 in Memphis, Tenn. Am. R&B singer (black) Maxine Waters Jones (En Vogue) on Jan. 16 in Paterson, N.J. Jamaican "Dem Bow" singer (black) Shabba Ranks (Rexton Rawlston Fernando Gordon) on Jan. 17 in Sturgetown, St. Ann. Am. "Training Day" dir. (black) Antoine Fuqua on Jan. 19 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; husband (1999-) of Lela Rochon (1964-). Am. musician (Jewish) Tracii Guns (Tracy Richard Irving Ulrich) (Guns N' Roses, L.A. Guns) on Jan. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Dwight Schrute on the Office" actor Rainn Dietrich Wilson on Jan. 20 in Seattle, Wash.; father is sci-fi author, mother is an actress, and both end up working at the Nat. Baha'i Center in Ill. English musician Robert "3D" Del Naja (Massive Attack) on Jan. 21 in Birstol. Am. country singer-drummer Mike Burch (River Road) on Jan. 25. English rock drummer Al Jaworski (Jesus Jones) on Jan. 31. Am. rock bassist Robert Emile DeLeo (Stone Temple Pilots) on Feb. 2 in Glen Ridge, N.J.; brother of Dean DeLeo (1961-). English "Never Gonna Give You Up" singer Richard Paul "Rick" Astley on Feb. 6 Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire. Am. rock bassist Rachel Bolan (Skid Row) on Feb. 9 in Point Pleasant, N.J. Am. "Gwen in The Departed" actress (redhead) Kristen Dalton on Feb. 14 in San Diego, Calif. Am. musician Ricky Wolking (The Nixons) on Feb. 14. Am. "Mallory Keaton in Family Ties" actress Justine Tanya Bateman on Feb. 19 in Rye, N.Y.; sister of Jason Bateman (1969-). Mexican actor-musician-writer and home designer Eduardo Xol (pr. ZALL) on Feb. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. supermodel-actress Cynthia Ann "Cindy" Crawford on Feb. 20 in De Kalb, Ill.; known for trademark mole above lip; educated at Northwestern U. for one quarter in chem. engineering. Swiss astronomer Didier Queloz on Feb. 23; educated at the U. of Geneva; 2019 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. "Caledon Hockley in Titanic", "John Justice Wheeler in Twin Peaks", "Cliff Huddle in The Deep End" actor William George "Billy" Zane Jr. on Feb. 24 in Chicago, Ill.; of Greek descent (Zanikopoulos). Am. "Wesley Wyndam-Price in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actor Alexis Denisof on Feb. 25 in Salisbury, Md. Am. "Jurassic Park III" actress-producer Tea Leoni (Elizabeth Tea Pantaleoni) on Feb. 25 in New York City; wife (1997-2014) of David Duchovny (1960-). Am. "Celeste Lundy in Beverly Hills, 90210" actress Jennifer Diane Grant on Feb. 26 in Burbank, Calif.; daughter of Cary Grant (1904-86) and Dyan Cannon (1937-); educated at Stanford U.; daddy doesn't want her to be an actress, and she waits until after his death, debuting in "Beverly Hills, 90210" in 1993. Am. "Amanda Kirby in Jurassic Park III" actress Tea Leoni (Elizabeth Tea Pantaleoni) on Feb. 25 in New York City. Am. actress Jennifer Grant on Feb. 26 in Burbank, Calif.; daughter of Cary Grant (1904-86) and Dyan Cannon (1937-). Am. "Ickey Shuffle" 6'2" football fullback (Cincinnati Bengals #30, 1988-91) (black) Elbert L. "Ickey" Woods on Feb. 28 in Fresno, Calif.; educated at UNLV. Am. actor John David Cullum on Mar. 1; son of John Cullum (1930-). Am. TV journalist (black) (gay) Don Lemon on Mar. 1 in West Baton Rouge, La.; educated at Brooklyn College. Russian PM (2020-) Mikhail Vladimirovich Mushustin on Mar. 3 in Lobnya; educated at Moscow State Tech. U. Am. "Wild Ting" rapper-actor (black) Tone-Loc (Anthony Terrell Smith) on Mar. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. English rock musician Patrick Hannan (The Sundays) on Mar. 4. Am. 6'1" basketball player (black) (Phoenix Suns, 1988-1998, 2000) Kevin Maurice Johnson on Mar. 4 in Sacramento, Calif.; educated at UCB; mayor #55 of Sacramento (2008-); husband (2010-) of Michelle Rhee (1969-). Am. comedian (Muslim) Aasif Mandvi (Aasif Hakim Mandviwala) on Mar. 5 in Mumbai, India; emigrates to Britain at age 1, and the U.S. at age 16; educated at the U. of South Fla. Am. singer Edie Brickell on Mar. 10 in Oak Cliff, Dallas, Tex. Russian billionaire (Muslim) Suleyman Abusaidovich Kerimov on Mar. 12 in Dagestan. Am. climate scientist Anthony R. "Tony" Lupo on Mar. 13 in Auburn, N.Y.; educated at SUNY, an Purdue U. Am. "Abe Kenarban in Malcolm in the Middle", "Uncle Ruckus in The Boondocks": actor-comedian (black) Gary Anthony Williams on Mar. 14 in Fayetteville, Ga. Am. "Scream", "Dawson's Creek", "The Vampire Diaries" screenwriter-actor Kevin Meade Williamson on Mar. 14 in New Bern, N.C.; educated at East Carolina U. Am. rock musician Jerry Fulton Cantrell Jr. (Alice in Chains) on Mar. 18 in Tacoma, Wash. Swedish auto racer Kenny Brack (Bräck) on Mar. 21 in Arvika, Varmland. U.S. Rep. (R-Ariz.) (2015-) and USAF Col. Martha Elizabeth McSally on Mar. 22 in Warwick, R.I.; educated at Harvard U. Am. basketball coach (U. of S.C., 2012-) Francisco Jose "Frank" Martin on Mar. 23 in Miami, Fla.; Cuban immigrant parents; educated at Fla. Internat. U. Am. baseball pitcher (lefty) (Atlanta Braves, 1987-2002) (New York Mets, 2003-7) (Atlanta Braves, 2008) Thomas Michael "Tommy" Glavine on Mar. 25 in Concord, Mass. Canadian jazz singer-guitarist (blind) Norman Jeffrey "Jeff" Healey (d. 2008) on Mar. 25 in Toronto, Ont. Am. "Christopher Moltisanti in The Sopranos", "Nick Falco in Law & Order", "Ray Carling in Life on Mars" actor-producer James Michael Imperioli on Mar. 26 in Mount Vernon, N.Y. Am. Repub. politician-atty. Kris William Kobach on Mar. 26 in Madison, Wisc.; grows up in Topeka, Kan.; educated at Harvard U., Magdalen College, Oxford U., and Yale U. Am. 6'2" football coach (Dallas Cowboys, 2010-) Jason Calvin Garrett on Mar. 28 in Abington, Penn.; educated at Princeton U. Am. 6'4" football linebacker (San Francisco 49ers #53, 1988-93), Denver Broncos #53, 1996-2001) William Thomas "Bill" Romanowski on Apr. 2 in Rockville, Conn.; educated at Boston College; plays in an NFL record 243 consecutive games; first linebacker to start five Super Bowls (until ?). Am. rock guitarist Michael David "Mike" McCready (Pearl Jam) on Apr. 5 in Pensacola, Fla. Am. "Term Limits" novelist Vince Flynn on Apr. 6. Am. "Jenny in Forrest Gump", "Buttercup in Princess Bride" actress Robin Gayle Wright (Robin Wright Penn) on Apr. 8 in Dallas, Tex.; grows up in La Jolla, Calif.; debuts in "Santa Barbara" in 1984; wife (1996-) of Sean Penn (1960-); mother of Dylan Penn (1991-) and Hopper Penn (1993-). Am. "Miranda Hobbes in Sex and the City" actress (gay) Cynthia Ellen Nixon on Apr. 9 in New York City. Am. football hall-of-fame defensive end Neil Smith on Apr. 10 in New Orleans, La. Am. baseball outfielder (black) (Atlanta Braves, 1989-96) (Cleveland Indians, 1997-2000) (New York Yankees, 2000-1) (Oakland Athletics, 2002) David Christopher Justice on Apr. 14 in Cincinnati, Ohio; educated at Thomas More College; husband (1992-7) of Halle Berry (1966-). English "Touch Me (I Want Your Body)" pop singer-model Samantha Karen "Sam" Fox on Apr. 15 in Mile End, London. Australian "The Conscious Mind" philosopher David John Chalmers on Apr. 20; educated at Lincoln College, Oxford U., and Indiana U. Am. Without Walls Internat. Church Christian televangelist Paula Michelle White (White-Cain) (nee Furr) on Apr. 20 in Tupelo, Miss.; wife of (1990-2007) Randy White (1958-) and (2015-) of Jonathan Cain (1950-). Am. "Audrey Griswold in National Lampoon's Vacation" actress Dana Barron on Apr. 22 in New York City. Am. "Negan in The Walking Dead", "Denny Duquette in Grey's Anatomy", "Jason Crouse in The Good Wife" actor Jeffrey Dean Morgan on Apr. 22 in Seattle, Wash. - his portrait bears a striking similarity to Robert Downey Jr.? Am. 5'11" golfer "Long" John Patrick Daly on Apr. 28 in Carmichael, Calif. Am. "The Ghetto", "Blow the Whistle" West Coast hip hop rapper (black) Too $hort (Todd Anthony Shaw) (AKA Short Dogg) on Apr. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. rock bassist Greg Christian (Testament) on Apr. 29. Australian "Toward a Science of Consciousness" philosopher David John Chambers on Apr. 20 in Sydney, N.S.W.; educated at the U. of Adelaide, Oxford U., and Indiana U. Am. rock drummer Jonathan Daniel Donahue (Flaming Lips) on May 6 in Kingston, N.Y. U.S. Rep. (D-Fla.) (2010-) Theodore Eliot "Ted" Deutch on May 7 in Bethlehem, Penn.; Russian Jewish immigrant grandparents; educated at the U. of Mich. German rock drummer Christoph "Doom" Schneider (Rammstein) on May 11 in Berlin. Am. "Michael McManus in The Usual Suspects", "Sal in Last Exit to Brooklyn" actor-producer Stephen Andrew Baldwin on May 12 in Massapequa, N.Y.; youngest of the Baldwin brothers incl. Alec Baldwin (1958-), Daniel Baldwin (1960-), and Billy Baldwin (1963-); becomes a born-again Christian after 9/11. U.S. Rep. (D-Virgin Islands, 2015-) (black) Stacey Plaskett on May 13 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Virgin Island immigrant parents; grows up in Bushwick, N.Y.; educated at Georgetown U.. and Am. U. Am. "Don't Think I Don't Think About It" country singer (black) Darius Carlos Rucker (Hootie and the Blowfish) on May 13 in Charleston, S.c. Am. rock bassist Michael Allen "Mike" Inez (Alice in Chains) on May 14 in San Fernando, Calif. French dancer-model-singer (black) Fabrice (Lat. "works with the hands") "Fab" Morvan (Milli Vanilli) on May 14 in Paris. Am. R&B singer (black) Raphael Saadiq (Charlie Ray Wiggins) on May 14 in Oakland, Calif. English "John Willoughby in Sense and Sensibility" actor-producer Matthew Gregory "Greg" Wise on May 15 in Newcastle upon Tyne; husband (2003-) of Emma Thompson (1959-). Am. singer (black) Janet Damito Jo Jackson on May 16 in Gary, Ind.; sister of Michael Jackson (1958-2009). Am. 6'1" football QB (Jacksonville Jaguars, 2019-2020) (Philadelphia Eagles, 2021-2) (Indianapolis Colts, 2023-) Gardner Flint Minshew II on May 16 in Flowood, Miss.; educated at Washington State U. Am. 5'10" football RB (black) (Buffalo Bills #34, 1988-99) Thurman Lee Thomas on May 16 in Houston, Tex.; educated at Okla. State U. Am. "CSI: NY" actor (black) Hill (Francis) Harper on May 17 in Iowa City, Iowa; educated at Brown U., and Harvard U. Iraqi heir apparent (Ace of Clubs) Qusay (Qusai) Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti (d. 2003) on May 17 in Baghdad; 2nd son of Saddam Hussein and 1st Sajida Talfah; brother of Uday Hussein (1964-2003); father of Mustapha Hussein (1989-2003). Am. 6'10" basketball player-coach (black) (Los Angeles Clippers #5/#25, 1988-94) (Atlanta Hawks #5, 1994) (Phoenix Suns #15, 1994-9) (Milaukee Bucks, 1999-2000) (Utah Jazz, 2000-1) (Dallas Mavericks, 2001-2) (Detroit Pistons, 2003) (Kansas U., 2003-12) (Wake Forest U., 2014-) Daniel Ricardo "Danny" Manning on May 17 in Hattiesburg, Miss.; educated at the U. of Kansas. Am. "Nineteen Minutes","Change of Heart", "My Sister's Keeper" novelist Jodi Lynn Picoult on May 19 in Nesconset, Long Island, N.Y.; educated at Princeton U. Am. "Natalie Green in The Facts of Life" actress (Jewish) Mindy Cohn on May 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Dr. Lisa Cuddy in House, M.D." actress (Jewish) Lisa Edelstein on May 21 in Boston, Mass.; educated at NYU; starts out as a cheerleader for Donald Trump's New Jersey Generals. English "Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove", "Marla Singer in Fight Club", "Red Queen in Alice in Wonderland" "Mrs. Lovett in Sweeney Todd", "Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry Potter" actress (Jewish) Helena Bonham Carter on May 26 in Islington, London; English banker father, Jewish French-Russian-Austrian-Spanish mother; great-granddaughter of PM Herbert Asquith (1852-1928); first cousin of Jane Bonham-Carter (1957-); granddaughter of Violet Bonham Carter (1887-1969). Pakistani-Am. banker (Muslim) Muzzammil Syed (Mo Steve) Hassan on May 26; emigrates to the U.S. at age 17; educated at the U. of Rochester. Am. rock drummer Tommy Stewart (Godsmack) on May 26 in Flint, Mich. South African Olympic barefoot runner Zola Pieterse (nee Budd) on May 26 in Bloemfontein. English chef (Jewish) Heston Marc Blumenthal on May 27 in Paddington, London; Zimbabwe-born Jewish father, English Jewish convert mother. Syrian dissident (founder of the Tharwa Foundation) Ammar Abdulhamid on May 30 in Damascus. Chinese astronaut Zhang Xiaoguang on May ? in Jinzhou, Liaoning. Pakistani cricketer Wasim Akram on June 3 in Lahore. World Mysterioso Anticristo on June 6 in New York City (Jerusalem?) (Berlin?) (Vienna?) (Constantinople?) - nobody will admit to being born today? Togo pres. (2005-) (black) Faure Essozimna Gnassingbe (Gnassingbé) on June 6 in Afagnan; educated at the Sorbonne. English virtual rocker Murdoc Faust Niccals (Gorillaz, Damien Thorn, The Answer to Armageddon) on June 6 in Stoke-on-Trent. Am. rock bassist Sean Yseult (Shauna Reynolds) (White Zombie) on June 6 in N.C. Am. rock drummer Eric Kretz (Stone Temple Pilot) on June 7. Am. "Nurse Carol Hathaway in ER", "Alicia Florrick in The Good Wife" actress Julianna Luisa Margulies on June 8 in Spring Valley, N.Y.; daughter of Paul Margulies (who invented the Alka-Seltzer line "Plop, Plop, Fizz, Fizz, Oh what a relief it is") and ballet dancer Francesca Margulies; educated at Sarah Lawrence College. Am. "Natalie Teeger in Monk", "Sharon Carter in Two Guys and a Girl", "Joy Byrnes in Boston Common" actress Traylor Elizabeth Howard on June 14 in Orlando, Fla. Am. "Breaking Open the Head" New Age writer Daniel Pinchbeck on June 15; son of Peter Pinchbeck and Joyce Johnson (1935-). Am. "The Lost Boys" actor Jason Patric Miller Jr. on June 17 in Queens, N.Y.; son of Jason Miller (1939-2001) and Linda Mae Gleason (daughter of Jackie Gleason); half-brother of Joshua John Miller (1974-). Canadian 6'0" hockey player (New York Islanders) David Volek on June 18 in Prague, Czech.; emigrates to Canada in 1988. Am. CNN journalist Alisyn Lane Camerota on June 21 in Shrewsbury, N.J.; educated at Am. U. Am. TV commentator (1989 Miss America) (Lutheran) Gretchen Elizabeth Carlson on June 21 in Anoka, Miss.; of Swedish descent; educated at Stanford U. French "Michelle in Frantic", "Bitter Moon" actress Emmanuelle Seigner on June 22 in Paris; sister of Mathilde Seigner (1968-); granddaughter of Louis Seigner (1903-91); wife (1989-) of Roman Polanski (1933-). Am. "Jerry in Factotum", "Maria Coughlin in Trust" actress-dir. (Jewish) Adrienne Shelly (Levine) (d. 2006) on June 24 in Queens, N.Y.; of Russian Jewish descent. French "Media-Ratings" media analyst (Jewish) Philippe Karsenty on June 25 in issy-les-Moulineaux. Congolese 7'2" hall-of-fame basketball center (black) ("Mount Mutombo") (Denver Nuggets #55, 1991-6) (Atlanta Hawks #55, 1996-2001) (Philadelphia 76ers #55, 2001-2) (New Jersey Nets #55, 2002-3) (New York Knicks #55, 2003-4) (Houston Rockets #55, 2004-9) Dikembe Mutombo (Dikembe Mpolondo Mukamba Jean-Jacques Wamutombo) on June 25 in Kinshasa, DRC; degree in linguistics and diplomacy from Georgetown U.; speaks 9 languages. Am. "Lost", "Alias" "Mission: Impossible III" dir.-writer-actor-producer (Jewish) Jeffrey Jacob "J.J." Abrams on June 27 in New York City; educated at Sarah Lawrence College. Am. country musician Robert Joseph "Bobby" Bare Jr. on June 28; son of Bobby Bare Sr. (1935-). Am. "Roy Dillon in The Grifters", "Martin Q. Blank in Grosse Pointe Blank", "Craig Schwartz in Being John Malkovich" actor-writer-producer John Cusack on June 28 in Chicago, Ill.; brother of Ann Cusack (1961-) and Joan Cusack (1962-). Am. "Idgie Threadgoode in Fried Green Tomatoes" actress-writer-dir. Mary Stuart Masterson on June 28 in New York City. Am. drummer Dale Baker on June 29. Kiwi "Guy de Lusignan in Kingdom of Heaven" actor Marton Paul Csokas on June 30 in Invercargill; Hungarian father, English-Irish-Danish descent mother. Am. ear-munching bitch-slapping tantrum-throwing lisping world heavyweight boxing champ #25 (1986-90) (black) (Muslim) Michael Gerard "Iron Mike" Tyson (Malik Abdul Aziz) on June 30 [Cancer] in Brownsville, Brooklyn, N.Y.; at age 2 his father leaves the family. English choreographer-dir. David Richard Parsons on July 2 in Hillington, London. Am. football QB Neil Kennedy O'Donnell on July 3 in Morristown, N.J. Am. "I Had a Hot Pocket for Dinner" actor-comedian James Christopher "Jim" Gaffigan on July 7 in Elgin, Ill.; grows up in Chesterton, Tenn. Am. actor Justin Fonda on July 9 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Peter Fonda (1940-2019) and Susan Jane Brewer; brother of Bridget Fonda (1964-); grandson of Henry Fonda (1905-82). Am. "Johnny Grunge of Public Enemy" wrestler Michael "Mike" Durham (d. 2006) on July 10 in Sulphur, La. Am. "Feed the Tree" singer-musician Tanya Donelly (Throwing Muses) on July 14 in Newport, R.I. Am. "Jack Shephard in Lost", "Charlie Salinger in Party of Five" actor Matthew Chandler Fox on July 14 in Abingdon, Penn.; raised in Crowheart, Wyo. Canadian rock musician Ellen Reid (Crash Test Dummies) on July 14 in Winnipeg, Man. Am. "The Houdini Box", "The Invention of Hugo Cabret" children's writer-artist Brian Selznick on July 14 in East Brunswick, N.J.; first cousin twice removed of David O. Selznick and Myron Selznick. Am. rock musician Stone Carpenter Gossard (Pearl Jam) on July 20 in Seattle, Wash. Am. "James Sawyer Ford in Lost" actor Joshua Lee "Josh" Holloway on July 20 in Calif.; grows up in Free Home, Ga. East German shot putter Andreas (Heidi) Krieger on July 20 in Berlin; after forced govt. doping by anabolic steroids, she undergoes sex change therapy in 1997. Mexican pres. #57 (2012-) Enrique Pena (Peña) Nieto on July 20 in Atlacomulco. Am. rock bassist Maureeen Herman (Babes in Toyland) on July 25 in Libertyville, Ill. Am. "Evolution" country singer ("the Celine Dion of Country Music") Martina McBride (Martina Mariea Schiff) on July 29 in Sharon, Kan. Am. "Superman in "Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman" 6'0" actor Dean Cain (Dean George Tanaka) on July 31 in Mount Clemens, Mich.; of french, Canadian, Irish, Japanese, and Welsh descent; educated at Princeton U. French-Canadian climate scientist Corinne Le Quere (Quéré) on July ? in ?; educated at the U. of Montreal, McGill U., and U. of Paris VI. Am. Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Donal "Jimbo" Wales on Aug. 7 in Huntsville, Ala. Norwegian writer-journalist Linn (Karin Beate) Ullmann on Aug. 9 in Oslo; daughter of Ingmar Bergman (1918-2007) and Liv Ullmann (1938-). Canadian "Eunoia" novelist Christian Book (Bök) on Aug. 10 in Toronto, Ont.; educated at Carleton U. and York U. Am. "Ororo Munroe/Storm in X-Men", "Leticia Musgrove in Monster's Ball" actress (black) Halle Maria Berry (Maria Halle Berry) on Aug. 14 in Cleveland, Ohio; black African father, white English mother; born Maria Halle Berry; abusive alcoholic father leaves when she is 4; marries Atlanta Braves player David Justice in 1993-7, then sex-addict singer Eric Benet in 2001-5, and Olivier Martinez in 2003-; partner of Gabriel Aubry in 2005-10; first African-Am. woman to win best actress Oscar ("Monster's Ball", 2002). Am. baseball left fielder (black) (Cleveland Indians, 1989-96) Albert Jojuan "Joey" Belle on Aug. 25 in Shreveport, La. Am. country singer Angela Rae (Wild Horses) on Aug. 15. Am. rock bassist-singer Jill Cunniff (Luscious Jackson) on Aug. 17. Canadian journalist Jamie (Yakov) Glazov on Aug. 19 in Moscow, Russia; emigrates to Canada in 1975. Am. "I Hope You Dance" country singer-songwriter Lee Ann Womack on Aug. 19 in Jacksonville, Tex.; educated at South Plains Junior College. Am. heavy metal musician Darrell Lance "Diamond" "Dimebag" Abbott (d. 2004) (Pantera, Damageplan) on Aug. 20 in Ennis, Tex. Am. baseball pitcher (Los Angeles Dodgers, 1989-91) (Montreal Expos, 1992-4) (New York Yankees, 1995-6) (Texas Rangers, 1997-2000) John Karl Wetteland on Au. 21 in San Mateo, Calif. Am. rapper (black) GZA/The Genius (Gary Grice) (Wu-Tang Clan) on Aug. 22 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Dutch 7'4" basketball player (Indiana Pacers #24/#45, 1988-2000) ("the Dunkin' Dutchman") Rik Smits on Aug. 23 in Endhoven; educated at Marist College. Am. atty. (Jewish) Michael Dean Cohen on Aug. 25 in Lawrence, Long Island, N.Y.; surgeon father is a Holocaust survivor; educated at Am. U., and Thomas M. Cooley Law School; Pres. Trump's atty. in 2006-May 2018, known as his fixer. Scottish "Stupid Girl" rock singer Shirley Ann Manson (Garbage) on Aug. 26 in Edinburgh. Am. "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" musician-composer Stephen Trask (Stephen R. Schwartz) on Aug. 29; educated at Wesleyan U.; born on the day of the Beatles' final concert. Am. 6'0" basketball player-coach (black) (Golden State Warriors #5/#10, 1989-96) (Miami Heat #10, 1996-2001) (Dallas Mavericks #10, 2001-2) (Denver Nuggets #10, 2002) (Indiana Pacers #14, 2003) (Detroit Pistons, 2014-) Timothy Duane "Tim" Hardaway Sr. on Sept. 1 in Chicago, Ill.; father of Tim Hardaway Jr. (1992-); educated at UTEP. Am. "Cars" rock musician Dino Cazares (Fear Factory) on Sept. 2 in El Centro, Calif. Mexican "Carolina in Desperado" actress Salma Hayek Jimenez on Sept. 2 in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz. Am. R&B singer (black) Terry Lynn Ellis (En Vogue) on Sept. 5 in Houston, Tex. Am. "Unforgiven" singer-actress-writer Wendy Alane Wright (Def La Desh and The Fresh Witness) on Sept. 6 in Buffalo, N.Y.; daughter of W.D. Wright. English musician Holly Golightly (Smith) (Thee Headcoatees, The Greenhornes) on Sept. 7 in London. English "Truman Capote in Infamous" actor Toby Edward Heselwood Jones on Sept. 7 in Hammersmith, London; son of Freddie Jones (1927-); educated at the U. of Manchester. Am. "Billy Madison", "Happy Gilmore", "The Waterboy", "The Wedding Singer" "Little Nicky" actor-comedian-writer-producer (Jewish) Adam Richard Sandler on Sept. 9 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; of Jewish Russian descent; grows up in Manchester, N.H.; educated at NYU - is that 9/9 or really 6/6? Canadian 6'2" hockey hall-of-fame player (Calgary Flames #25, Dallas Stars, New Jersey Devils, Toronto Maple Leafs, Florida Panthers) Joseph "Joe" Nieuwendyk on Sept. 10 in Oshawan, Ont. Am. telecom entrepreneur-engineer-astronaut (Shiite Muslim) (first Muslim woman in space) Anousheh Ansari (nee Raissyan) on Sept. 12 in Mashhad, Iran; educated at George Mason U., and George Washington U.; wife (1991-) of Hamid Ansari. Am. "Ed Chigliak in Northern Exposure" actor Darren E. Burrows on Sept. 12 in Winfield, Kan.; part native Am. Greek-Australian "Nick in My Big Fat Greek Wedding" actor Louis Mandylor (Theodosopoulos) on Sept. 13. Am. TV journalist (black?) Maria de la Soledad Teresa O'Brien on Sept. 19 in St. James, N.Y.; Australian-Irish father, Cuban-African mother. Am. rock musician Nuno Duarte Gil Mendes Bettencourt (Extreme) on Sept. 20 in Praia da Vitoria, Azores, Portugal; emigrates to the U.S. at age 4. English "Billy Elliot" playwright-screenwriter Lee Hall on Sept. 20 in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland; educated at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge U. Irish-Canadian alt-right podcaster Stefan Basil Molyneux on Sept. 24 in Athlone, Ireland; educated at Glendon College, York U., McGill U., and U. of Toronto. Am. criminal ("the Preppy Killer") Robert Emmet Chambers Jr. on Sept. 25 in New York City. English "Jekyll and Hyde in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen" actor Jason Flemyng on Sept. 25 in Putney, London; son of film dir. Gordon Flemyng (1934-95). U.S. Rep. (D-Fla.) (1993-2001, 2005-) (Jewish) Debbie Wasserman Schultz on Sept. 27 in Queens, N.Y.; first Jewish congressman from Fla.; educated at the U. of Fla. Am. rock drummer Ginger Fish (Kenneth Robert Wilson) (Marilyn Manson) on Sept. 28. Am. 6'3" basketball player (black) (Philadelphia 76ers #33, 1988-93) Hersey R. "Hawk" Hawkins Jr. on Sept. 29 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Bradley U. Am. actress Jill Whelan on Sept. 29 in Oakland, Calif. Am. actress Lisa Thornhill on Sept. 30 in Hardinsburg, Ky. Chinese astronaut Liu Boming on Sept. ?. Samoan-Am. wrestler Yokozuna (Rodney Agatupu Anoa'i) (d. 2000) on Oct. 2 in San Francisco, Calif. Israeli Jewish rabbi (Jewish Defense League leader) Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane (d. 2000) on Oct. 3 in New York City; son of Meir Kahane (1932-90); emigrates to Israel at age 4. Am. "Something Deeply Hidden" theoretical physicist (Episcopalian-turned-atheist) Sean Michael Carroll on Oct. 5 in Philadelphia, Penn.; educated at Harvard U. Am. "Rita Ortiz in NYPD Blue" actress Jacqueline Orbradors on Oct. 6 in San Fernando Valley, Calif. Am. rock bassist Thomas Eugene "Tommy" Stinson (Guns N' Roses) on Oct. 6 in Minneapolis, Minn. British Conservative PM (2010-16) David William Donald Cameron on Oct. 9 in Marylebone, London; of Scottish descent; grows up in Peasemore, Berkshire; brother of Alexander Cameron (1963-); direct descendant of William IV and his mistress Dorothea Jordan; 5th cousin twice removed of Elizabeth II; educated at Eton College, and Brasenose College, Oxford U. Am. chemist (founder of bioorthogonal and click chemistry) Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi on Oct. 10 in Boston, Mass.; sister of Andrea Bertozzi (1965-); educated at Harvard U., and UCB; 2022 Nobel Chem. Prize. Chinese astronaut Zhai Zhigang on Oct. 10 in Longjiang, Qiqihar. Am. "Dylan McKay in Beverly Hills, 90210" actor Luke Perry (Coy Luther Perry III) (d. 2019) on Oct. 11 in Mansfield, Ohio. Am. rock musician Tim Cross (Sponge) on Oct. 18. Dutch Miss Universe (1989) Angela Visser on Oct. 18 in Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel. Am. "Hogan in Iron Man", "Barry in I Love You, Man", "Iron Man", "elf" actor-dir.-writer-producer (Jewish) Jonathan Kolia "Jon" Favreau on Oct. 19 in Flushing Queens, N.Y.; Roman Catholic Italian and French-Canadian descent father, Russian Jewish descent mother; educated at Bronx H.S. of Science, and Queens College; not to be confused with speechwriter Jon Favreau (1981-). Am. rock drummer Fred Coury (Cinderella) on Oct. 20 in Johnson City, N.Y. Italian "Susanna in Rain Man", "Ramada Thompson in Hot Shots!", "Ramada Rodham Hayman in Hot Shots! Part Deux", "Taslima in Escape from L.A." actress Valeria Golino on Oct. 22 in Naples; Greek mother. Am. rock musician Brian Nevin (Big Head Todd and the Monsters) on Oct. 23. Chinese astronaut Jai Haipeng on Oct. 24 in Yuncheng, Shanxi. Am. "Conan O'Brien's sidekick" comedian-actor Paul Andrew "Andy" Richter on Oct. 28 in Grand Rapids, Mich. Am. hip hop musician-producer-actor (Jewish) Adam Keefe "Ad-Rock" Horovitz (Beastie Boys) on Oct. 31 in South Orange, N.Y. Anglo-Burmese musician-producer Annabella Lwin (Myint Myint Aye) (Burmese "high high cool") (Bow Wow Wow) on Oct. 31 in Rangoon, Burma; Burmese father, English mother. Am. "Dr. Ross Geller in Friends" actor (Jewish) David Lawrence Schwimmer on Nov. 2 in Astoria, Queens, N.Y. Am. "Officer Doug Penhall in 21 Jump Street" actor-dir.-producer-writer Peter John DeLuise on Nov. 6 in New York City; eldest son of Dom DeLuise (1933-2009) and Carol Arthur (1935-). Scottish "Hell's Kitchen" chef Gordon James Ramsay Jr. on Nov. 8 in Johnstone, Renfrewshire; pupil of Marco Pierre White (1961-). Irish "Elsa Schneider in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" actress Alison Doody on Nov. 11 in Dublin. Canadian musician (in Germany) Peaches (Merrill Beth Nisker) on Nov. 11 in Toronto, Ont. Am. economist (Jewish) Jeffrey d. "Jeff" Zients on Nov. 12 in Kensington, Md.; educated at Duke U. Am. baseball pitcher (Baltimore Orioles, 1988-90) (Philadelphia Phillies, 1992-2000) (Arizona Diamondbacks, 2000-3) (Boston Red Sox, 2004-7) Curtis Montague "Curt" Schilling on Nov. 14 in Anchorage, Alaska; educated at Yavapai College. Australian "Big Little Lies" novelist Liane Moriarty on Nov. 15 in Sydney; sister of Jaclyn Moriarty (1968-); educated at Macquarie U. Am. "My Sweetheart the Drunk" singer-songwriter Jeffrey Scott "Jeff" Buckley (d. 1997) on Nov. 17 in Anaheim, Calif. French "Princess Isabelle in Braveheart", "Elektra King in The World Is Not Enough" actress Sophie Marceau (Maupu) on Nov. 17 in Paris. Cuban-Am. model-actress Daisy Fuentes on Nov. 17 in Havana, Cuba; emigrates to the U.S. at age 7. Am. "Lance Cpl. Harold W. Dawson in A Few Good Men" actor (black) Wolfgang Bodison on Nov. 16 in Washington, D.C.; educated at the U. of Va. Am. "Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story", "Mowgli in The Jungle book" actor Jason Scott Lee on Nov. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif.; no relation to Bruce Lee. Am. hip hop drummer (Jewish) Mike D (Michael Diamond) (Beastie Boys) on Nov. 20 in New York City; educated at Vassar College. Am. football hall-of-fame QB Troy Kenneth Aikman on Nov. 21 in West Covina, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. rock musician Charlie Colin (Train) on Nov. 22 in Newport Beach, Calif. Danish "Le Chiffre in Casino Royale" actor Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen on Nov. 22 in Osterbro, Copenhagen. Am. rock singer-musician Ken Block (Sister Hazel) on Nov. 23. Am. rock musician Charlie Grover (Sponge) on Nov. 23. Israeli politician and feminist journalist (Jewish) Merav Michaeli on Nov. 24 in Petah Tikva. Am. "Charlie Swan in Twilight", "Cesaire in Red Riding Hood", "Miles Matheson in Revolution" actor-writer-producer William Albert "Billy" Burke on Nov. 25 in Everett, Wash. Am. "Let Me Be Your Angel" R&B singer (black) Stacy Lattisaw on Nov. 25 in Washington, D.C. Am. rock musician Rodney Charles Sheppard (Sugar Ray) on Nov. 25 in Trinidad. Haitian "Valerie Heywood in NYPD Blue", "Alison Sawyer in White House Down" actress-model Garcelle (Beauvais) Beauvais-Nilon on Nov. 26 in Saint-Marc. English "Starter for 10" novelist David Nicholls on Nov. 30 in Hampshire; educated at Bristol U. Am. psychologist Christine Margaret Blasey Ford on Nov. ?; grows up near Washington, D.C.; educated at the U. of N.C., Pepperdine U., USC, and Stanford U. Am. actor-comedian Fred Armisen on Dec. 4 in Valley Stream, N.Y.; German-Japanese father, Venezuelan mother. Am. CNN-TV journalist (gay) Suzanne Maria Malveaux on Dec. 4 in Lansing, Mich.; La. Creole descent parents of French, Spanish, and African descent; considers herself black; educated at Harvard U., and Columbia U.; partner of Katrine Jean-Pierre (1977-). Am. "Mark Watson in Soul Man", "Robert Morris in Red Dawn", "Thomas Chamberlain in Gettysburg" actor Christopher (C.) Thomas Howell on Dec. 7 in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, Calif. Am. hall-of-fame baseball pitcher (Baltimore Orioles, 1991-2000) (New York Yankees, 2001-8) Michael Cole "Mike" "Moose" Mussina on Dec. 8 in Williamsport, Penn.; educated at Stanford U. Irish "Nothing Compares 2 U" singer Sinead (Sinéad) Marie Bernadette O'Connor (Shuhada Sadaqat) (Magda Davitt) (dl. 2023) on Dec. 8 in Dublin; named after pres. Eamon de Valera's wife Sinead, and St. Bernadette of Lourdes. U.S. Sen. (D-N.Y.) (2009-) Kirsten Elizabeth Rutnik Gillibrand on Dec. 9 in Albany, N.Y.; educated at Dartmouth College. Am. "Warrick Brown in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" actor (black) Gary Dourdan (Gary Robert Durdin) on Dec. 11 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. sportscaster (black) Michael Todd "Mike" Tirico on Dec. 13 Queens, N.Y.; educated at Syracuse U. Canadian 5'11" hockey goaltender William "Bill" Edward Ranford on Dec. 14 in Brandon, Man. Am. "Ten Rounds with Jose Cuervo" country singer Tracy Lynn Byrd on Dec. 17 in Vidor, Tex. Am. FBI dir. #8 (2017-) Christopher Asher Wray (III) on Dec. 17 in New York City; educated at Phillips Academy, and Yale U. Am. "Elliot's brother Michael in E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial" actor Robert McNaughton on Dec. 19 in New York City; husband (2012-) of Bianca Hunter (1969-). Italian alpine skiier Alberto Tomba on Dec. 19 in Bologna. Am. rock singer Christopher Mark "Chris" Robinson (Black Crowes) on Dec. 20 in Marietta, Ga.; brother of Rich Robinson (1969-). Canadian "Jack Bauer in 24" actor Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland on Dec. 21 in London, England; son of Donald Sutherland (1934-) and Shirley Douglas (1934-); has twin sister Rachel. Am. "Lt. Harriet Sims Roberts in JAG" actress Karri Turner on Dec. 21 in Ft. Worth, Tex. Am. "Dr. Maria Santos Grey in All My Children" actress (Bahai) Eva Maria LaRue (LaRuy) on Dec. 27 in Long Beach, Calif.; Puerto Rican, French, Dutch, and Scottish ancestry. Am. bowler Michael Haugen Jr. on Dec. 29. English "Hitchcock" dir.-writer-journalist Alexander Sacha Simon Gervasi on ? in London; Am. father, Canadian mother; educated at Westminster School, and King's College London. Am. historian Walter Johnson Jr. on ? in Columbia, Mo.; educated at Cambridge U., and Princeton U. Am. artist Tsehai Johnson on ? in Ethiopia. English "Altered Carbon" sci-fi novelist Richard K. Morgan on ? in London; educated at Queens' College, Cambridge U. Am. Green Party activist Rupert Read on ? in ?; educated at Balliol College, Oxford U., Princeton U., and Rutgers U. Deaths: Russian abstract art founder Vassily Kandinsky (b. 1866) on Dec. 13 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: "Black is like the silence of the body after death, the close of life." Am. K-Mart magnate S.S. Kresge (b. 1867) on Oct. 18 in Mountain Home, Penn.; dies 4 mo. after retiring. English tennis player Charlotte Reinagle Cooper (b. 1870) on Oct. 10 in Helensburgh, Scotland. Am. illustrator Maxfield Parrish (b. 1870) on Mar. 10 in Plainfield, N.H. Japanese Buddhist scholar Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki (b. 1870) on July 22. Am. philosopher William Ernest Hocking (b. 1873) on June 12 in Madison, N.H. Am. musician Papa Jack Laine (b. 1873) on Sept. 21 in New Orleans, La. Swedish sculptor Erik Lindberg (b. 1873). French actress Cecile Sorel (b. 1873) on Sept. 3 in Trouville-sur-Mer (near Deauville), Calvados (heart attack). English physicist William Henry Eccles (b. 1875) on Apr. 29 in Oxford. Am. Nat. Geographic Mag. editor #1 (1899-1954) Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (b. 1875) on Feb. 4 in Baldeck, N.S., Canada. Am. GM chmn. (1937-56) Alfred Pritchard Sloan Jr. (b. 1875) on Feb. 17. Am. libertarian thinker Frank Chodorov (b. 1877) in Dec. English chemist Frederick Soddy (b. 1877). Canadian-born Am. cosmetics queen Elizabeth Arden (b. 1878) on Oct. 19 in New York City (heart attack). British Gen. John Frederick Charles Fuller (b. 1878) on Feb. 10 in Falmouth, Cornwall. Am. "Johnny Belinda" playwright-screenwriter Elmer Blaney Harris (b. 1878) on Sept. 6 in Washington, D.C. French PM (1940) Paul Reynaud (b. 1878) on Sept. 21 in Neuilly-sur-Seine (intestinal ailment). Am. women's movement leader Lucy Burns (b. 1879) on Dec. 22. Am. historian-archivist Waldo Gifford Leland (b. 1879) on Oct. 19. Am. poontang liberator (Planned Parenthood founder) Margaret Sanger (b. 1879) on Sept. 6 in Tucson, Ariz.: "Our purpose is to raise up a new race of human thoroughbreds"; "The dead weight of human waste." German-born Am. abstract expressionist painter Hans Hofmann (b. 1880) on Feb. 17 in New York City (heart attack): "The ability to simplify means to eliminate the unnecessary so that the necessary may speak." English magnetron physicist Albert Wallace Hull (b. 1880) on Jan. 22 in Schenectady, N.Y. Am. novelist Kathleen Norris (b. 1880) on Jan. 18 in Palo Alto, Calif.: "Life is easier to take than you'd think; all that is necessary is to accept the impossible, do without the indispensable and bear the intolerable." Swiss psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger (b. 1881) on Feb. 5 in Kreuzlingen. Dutch mathematician L.E.J. Brouwer (b. 1881) on Dec. 2 in Blaricum. Italian "peintura metafisica" painter Carlo Carra (b. 1881) on Apr. 13 in Milan. English writer William McFee (b. 1881) on July 2. Am. silent film actress Ethel Clayton (b. 1882) on June 6 in Oxnard, Calif. Am. "Ben-Hur" silent film actor Francis Xavier Bushman (b. 1883) on Aug. 23 in Pacific Palisades, Calif. (heart attack). Greek prof. gambler Nick the Greek Dandolos (b. 1883) on Dec. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; dies broke and playing $5 limit draw poker after winning and losing $500M in his career and going from rags to riches 73x, donating $20M to charity along the way. German writer Alfred Kreymborg (b. 1883) in Aug. Italian painter Gino Severini (b. 1883) on Feb. 26. French pres. #1 (1947-54) Vincent Auriol (b. 1884) on Jan. 1 in Muret, Haute-Garonne. Dutch-born Am. physicist-chemist Peter Debye (b. 1884) on Nov. 2 in Ithaca, N.Y.; 1936 Nobel Chem. Prize. French poet-novelist-dramatist Georges Duhamel (b. 1884). Am. AT&T pres. Walter Sherman Gifford (b. 1885) on May 7 in New York City. Austrian-Hungarian chemist George de Hevesy (b. 1885) on July 5/6 in Freiburg, Germany; 1943 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. gossip columnist Hedda Hopper (b. 1885) on Feb. 1 in Hollywood, Calif. (double pneumonia): "Having only friends would be... like eating eggs without salt." Am. sculptor Paul Manship (b. 1885) on Jan. 28. French Egyptologist Pierre Montet (b. 1885) on June 19 in Paris. Am. Adm. Chester William Nimitz (b. 1885) on Feb. 20 near San Francisco, Calif. Am. composer-music critic Deems Taylor (b. 1885) on July 3 in New York City. Am. sculptor Paul Manship (b. 1885). French sculptor Hans/Jean Arp (b. 1886) on June 7 in Basel, Switzerland (heart attack). British vice adm. Richard Bell Davies (b. 1886) on Feb. 26 in Gosport, Hampshire. Canadian sociologist Ernest Burgess (b. 1886) on Dec. 27. French cubist painter Amedee Ozenfant (b. 1886) on May 4 in Cannes. German aircraft designer Reinhold Platz (b. 1886) on Sept. 15 in Ahrensburg. Am. "Tillie the Toiler" cartoonist Russ Westover (b. 1886) on Mar. 5 in San Raphael, Calif. (heart failure). Am. "The Perfect Fool" actor-comedian Ed Wynn (b. 1886) on June 19 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (throat cancer): "A comedian is not a man who says funny things, he's a man who says things funny." U.S. Sen. (D-Va.) (1933-65) Harry Flood Byrd Sr. (b. 1887) on Oct. 20 in Berryville, Va.; brother of aviator Richard Evelyn Byrd. Am. "Fred Mertz in I Love Lucy" actor William Frawley (b. 1887) on Mar. 3 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack); Vivian Vance hears of his death at a restaurant, and shouts "Champagne for everyone!"? Dutch historian Pieter Geyl (b. 1887) on Dec. 31. Am. sculptor Malvina Hoffman (b. 1887) on July 10 in New York City (heart attack). Russian-born Am. boxer Abe Hollandersky (b. 1887) on Nov. 1 in San Diego, Calif. British gen. Arthur Ernest Percival (b. 1887) on Jan. 31 in Westminster; snubbed for a knighthood for surrendering Singapore on Feb. 15, 1942. Lithuanian-born Am. sculptor-painter William Zorach (b. 1887) on Nov. 15 in Bath, Maine. Russian-born Am. singer ("Last of the Red-Hot Mamas") Sophie Tucker (b. 1888) on Feb. 9 in New York City (lung cancer). Dutch physicist Fritz Zernike (b. 1888) on Mar. 10 in Groningen; 1953 Nobel Physics Prize. Russian poet Anna Akhmatova (b. 1889) on Mar. 5 in St. Petersburg. Swiss theologian Emil Brunner (b. 1889) on Apr. 6. Am. baseball player Hank Gowdy (b. 1889) on Aug. 1 in Columbus, Ohio; first to enlist in WWI. German film producer Eric Pommer (b. 1889). German banker Baron Kurt von Schroeder (b. 1889) on Nov. 4. Am. actor Clifton Webb (b. 1889) on Oct. 13 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack); lived with mother Maybelle until she died in 1960 at age 90. Am. Delta Air Lines founder Collette Everman Woolman (b. 1889) on Sept. 11 in Houston, Tex. Am. "Glinda's voice in The Wizard of Oz", "The Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland", "The Fairy Godmother in Cinderella" actress Verna Felton (b. 1890) on Dec. 14 in Hollywood, Calif. (stroke); dies hours before her boss Walt Disney. English "Five Weeks in a Balloon" actor Herbert Marshall (b. 1890) on Jan. 22 in Beverly Hills, Calif.: "There is nothing an economist should fear so much as applause." Am. "Road to Singapore", "The Big Broadcast of 1938", "It's a Great Life" producer-writer Harlan Thompson (b. 1890) on Oct. 29 in New York City. U.S. secy. of defense #2 (1949-50) Louis Arthur Johnson (b. 1891) on Apr. 24 in Washington, D.C. Am. aviator Oakley George Kelly (b. 1891) on June 5 in San Diego, Calif. Am. playwright Anne Nichols (b. 1891) on Sept. 15 in Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (heart attack). German Nazi gen. Sepp Dietrich (b. 1892) on Apr. 21/22 in Ludwigsburg - his personal night of the long knives? Japanese macrobiotic diet writer George Ohsawa (b. 1893) on Apr. 23. German "The Deputy" theatrical producer Erwin Piscator (b. 1893) on Mar. 30 in Starnberg. Am. "Sound of Music" playwright Russel Crouse (b. 1893) on Apr. 3 in New York City (pneumonia). Am. Tex. gov. #30 (1927-31) Dan Moody (b. 1893) on May 22 in Austin, Tex. Canadian hall-of-fame hockey player Frank Nighbor (b. 1893) on Apr. 13 in Pembroke, Ont. German gen. who saved Paris Dietrich von Choltitz (b. 1894) on Nov. 4 in Baden-Baden. Am. Pathfinder Internat. founder Clarence James Gamble (b. 1894) on July 15. Am. "Flying Leathernecks" actor William Harrigan (b. 1894) on Feb. 1 in New York City. Am. diplomat Herschel Johnson (b. 1894) on Apr. 16 in Charlotte, N.C. Belgian Big Bang physicist Georges Lemaitre (b. 1894) on June 20. Polish Gen. Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski (b. 1895) on Aug. 24, in London, England (exile). Am. screenwriter Joseph Fields (b. 1895) on Mar. 3 in New York City (Beverly Hills, Calif.?). Mexican writer Gregorio Lopez y Fuentes (b. 1895) on Dec. 10 in Mexico City. U.S. secy. of state (1959-61) Christian Archibald Herter Sr. (b. 1895) on Dec. 30 in Washington, D.C. English cricketer Charles Marriott (b. 1895) on Oct. 13 in Dollis Hill, Middlesex. French Surrealism founder Andre Breton (b. 1896) on Sept. 28 in Paris (heart failure): "It was in the black mirror of anarchism that surrealism first recognized itself." Am. comic "stone face" Buster Keaton (b. 1896) on Feb. 1 in Hollywood, Calif. (lung cancer). French automobile king Jean Peugeot (b. 1896) on Nov. 18. Russian-born Am. physicist Boris Podolsky (b. 1896) on Nov. 28 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Am. writer Mari Sandoz (b. 1896) on Mar. 10 in Gordon, Neb. (bone cancer). German Gen. Felix Steiner (b. 1896) on May 12 in Munich. Am. composer Quincy Porter (b. 1897) on Nov. 12 in Bethany, Conn. Am. historian Francis Butler Simkins (b. 1897) on Feb. 8; "Almost the only practicing historian of the South who defends the major and historic Southern institution of segregation" (David Potter); the Southern Historical Assoc. establishes the triennial Francis B. Simkins Award for the best first book about the South. Am. "Strange Fruit" novelist Lillian Smith (b. 1897) on Sept. 28 (breast cancer): "Faith and doubt both are needed, not as antagonists, but working side by side, to take us around the unknown curve"; "Education is a private matter between the person and the world of knowledge and experience, and has little to do with school or college." Am. "You Asked For It" TV host Art Baker (b. 1898) on Aug. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). English-born Am. "Aunt Bee's old flame in The Andy Griffith Show" actor Wallace Ford (b. 1898) on June 11 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. "Guys and Dolls" actor Robert Keith (b. 1898) on Dec. 22 in Los Angeles, Calif.; husband of Hollywood Sign jumper Peg Entwistle (1908-32). Am. poet-educator Melvin Beaunorus Tolson (b. 1898) on Aug. 29 in Dallas, Tex. (cancer). Guyana-born Am. Harlem Renaissance novelist Eric Walrond (b. 1898) on Aug. 8 in London (heart attack). Ukrainian-born Am. illustrator Boris Artzybasheff (b. 1899). Am. radio-TV actress Gertrude Berg (b. 1899) on Sept. 14 in New York City (heart failure). English "The African Queen" novelist C.S. Forester (b. 1899) on Apr. 2. Am. bandleader Richard Himber (b. 1899) on Dec. 11 in New York City (heart attack): "To be a good practical joker, you need patience and plenty of it, because there's a time and place for everything, and you have to wait for the right moment and remember that vanity rules the world." Am. "I Found a Million Dollar Baby" showman-lyricist Billy Rose (b. 1899) on Feb. 10 in Jamaica (pneumonia). Am. "Young and Beautiful" songwriter Abner Silver (b. 1899) on Nov. 24 in New York City. Indian Divine Light Mission founder guru Hans Ram Singh Rawat (b. 1900) on July 18 in Alwar. Am. family entertainment king Walt Disney (b. 1901) on Dec. 15 (9:30 a.m.) in Burbank, Calif. (lung cancer); last written words: "Kurt Russell"; nominated for 59 Oscars, winning 222 plus four honorary ones, incl. a record four in one year, more awards and nominations than anybody in history (until ?): "All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them." Swiss sculptor Alberto Giacometti (b. 1901) on Jan. 11 in Chur (heart disease). Dutch-born South African PM (1958-66) Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (b. 1901) on Sept. 6 in Cape Town (assassinated). English Dacron co-inventor John R. Whinfield (b. 1901) on July 6 in Dorking. English-born Harlem Globetrotters founder Abe M. Saperstein (b. 1902) on Mar. 15 in Chicago, Ill. (heart attack). Soviet "Alexander Nevsky" actor Nikolai Cherkasov (b. 1903) on Sept. 14 in Leningrad. German physicist Fritz Houtermans (b. 1903) on Mar. 1 (lung cancer). Am. conservative radio-TV broadcaster Fulton Lewis Jr. (b. 1903) on Aug. 20 in Washington, D.C. (heart attack). Irish writer Frank O'Connor (b. 1903) on Mar. 10 in Dublin (heart attack). French-born chef Henri Soule (b. 1903) on ? in New York City. English "Brideshead Revisited" novelist Evelyn Waugh (b. 1903) on Apr. 10 (Easter Sun.) in Taunton, Somerset (coronary thrombosis): "News is what a chap who doesn't care much about anything wants to read. And it's only news until he's read it; after that it's dead." English "Albert Campion" crime novelist Margery Allingham (b. 1904) on June 30 in Colchester (breast cancer). Am. labor leader Mike Quill (b. 1905) on Jan. 28 in New York City (heart attack). Italian auto racer Giuseppe Farina (b. 1906) on June 30 in Aiguebelle, Savoy; killed in 1-car accident en route to watch the 1966 French Grand Prix in Reims, France. French dir. Edmont T. Greville (b. 1906) on May 26 in Nice. Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leader Sayyid Qutb (b. 1906) on Aug. 29 (executed). Am. "The Beverly Hillbillies" dir. Richard Whorf (b. 1906) on Dec. 14 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. actor Douglass Montgomery (b. 1907) on July 23 in Norwalk, Conn. (spinal cancer). Am. mathematician James Roy Newman (b. 1907). Am. "The Hustler", "All the King's Men" dir. Robert Rossen (b. 1908) on Feb. 18 in New York City (heart failure). Indian nuclear physicist Himi Jehangir Bhabha (b. 1909) on Jan. 24 in Mont Blanc, France (airplane crash). Polish poet Stanislaw Jerzy Lec (b. 1909) on May 7 in Warsaw: "You can close your eyes to reality but not to memories"; "The exit is usually where the entrance was"; "The first condition of immortality is death"; "Don't ask God the way to heaven - he will show you the hardest one." Am. bridge player Albert Hodges Morehead Jr. (b. 1909) on Oct. 5 in Manhattan, N.Y. (cancer). Am. Miss America 1926 Norma Smallwood (b. 1909) on May 8 in Wichita, Kan. English auto racer Sydney Allard (b. 1910) on Apr. 12 in Black Hills, Esher, Surrey. German SS Maj. Alfred Naujocks (b. 1911) on Apr. 4 in Hamburg (heart attack). Irish novelist Brian O'Nolan (b. 1911) on Apr. 1 in Dublin. Am. hall-of-fame bowler Steve Nagy (b. 1913) on Nov. 11. Am. poet-writer Delmore Schwartz (b. 1913) on July 11 in New York City (heart attack); dies mentally ill and alcoholic holed-up in Hotel Marlon, becoming the basis for Saul Bellow's 1975 novel "Humboldt's Gift". German-born British political cartoonist Victor Weisz ("Vicky") (b. 1913) on Feb. 22 (suicide). Am. mob moll Virginia Hill (b. 1916) on Mar. 24 in Koppel (near Salzburg), Austria (OD of sleeping pills) (really murdered by the mob?). German opera producer Wieland Wagner (b. 1917) on Oct. 17 (lung cancer); Richard Wagner's grandson. Mexican bullfighter Carlos Arruza (b. 1920) on May 20 near Mexico City (automobile accident). Am. actor Montgomery Clift (b. 1920) on July 23 in New York City (heart failure); last words: "Absolutely not" (when asked if he wants to watch "The Misfits"). Am. test pilot Joe Walker (b. 1921) on June 8 in Barstow, Calif. (airplane crash). Am. "Island in the Sun" black actress Dorothy Dandridge (b. 1924) on Sept. 8 in Hollywood, Calif. (prescription drug OD). Am. jazz musician Bud Powell (b. 1924) on July 31 in New York City (TB). Am. "sick" comedian Lenny Bruce (b. 1925) on Aug. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. (morphine OD); pardoned on Dec. 23, 2003 by N.Y. Gov. George Pataki, becoming the first posth. pardon in N.Y. history; "One last 4-letter word for Lenny: Dead at forty - that's obscene" (Dick Schaap): "Take away the right to say fuck and you take away the right to say fuck the government." Am. "Gil Favor in Rawhide" actor Gil Fleming (b. 1925) on Sept. 28 in Peru; drowns in a canoe accident in the Huallaga River while filming the TV movie "High Jungle". Am. bluegrass musician Carter Stanley (b. 1925) on Dec. 1 in Bristol, Tenn. (cirrhosis). Am. writer-poet Frank O'Hara (b. 1926) on July 25 in Fire Island, N.Y. (ruptured liver from a jeep accident). German tenor Fritz Wunderlich (b. 1930) on Sept. 17 in Heidelberg (fall from a stairway). English pop singer Alma Cogan (b. 1932) on Oct. 26 in London (ovarian cancer). Am. "Pack Up Your Sorrows" folk singer Richard Farina (b. 1937) on Apr. 30 in Carmel, Calif. (motorcycle accident); dies on his wife Mimi Farina's 21st birthday, after which in 1968 she marries Milan Melvin at the Big Sur Folk Festival in Calif., and writes the song "Sweet Sir Galahad" about him. Am. mass murderer Charles Joseph Whitman (b. 1941) on Aug. 1 in Austin, Tex. (killed by police). Am. USAF hero William H. Pitsenbarger (b. 1944) on Apr. 11 in Xa Cam My, Vietnam (KIA); posth. awarded the Medal of Honor on Dec. 8, 2000; subject of the 2020 film "The Last Full Measure", starring Jeremy Irvine.
1967
Doomsday Clock: 12 min. to midnight.
Chinese Year: Goat (Sheep) (Jan. 21).
Time Mag. Man of the Year: Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-73) (1st time 1964).
This is the U.N. Internat. Tourist Year; slogan: "Passport to Peace".
The first day of the Jewish Passover falls during a
blood-red moon;
last 1492, 1948; next 2014, 2015.
U.S. pop. hits 200M on Nov. 20, doubling in 52 years (100M in 1915); only 39 years to the 300M mark; avg. U.S. household: 3.3 people (4.5 in 1915,
2.6 in 2006); median age: 30, life expectancy: 71, price of a new home: $24.6K; milk: $1.03/gal.; gasoline: 33 cents; first-class stamp: 5 cents;
bread: 22-25 cents per 1-lb. loaf.
U.S. troops in Vietnam at start of year: 389K, with 5,008 combat deaths and 30,093 wounded, with over 50% of casualties caused by Viet Cong snipers
and ambushes, along with booby traps and mines; ARVN troops: 45K; Australian troops: 7K; 89K North Vietnamese troops infiltrated South Vietnam
via the Ho Chi Minh trail last year; U.S. battle deaths in Vietnam avg. 1K per mo. this year, 33% higher than in 1966; there are more U.S. deaths this year
than in all of the war's previous years; cumulative civilian deaths total 53K; in 1967-1969 31,508 (14%) of all wounded U.S. soldiers in Vietnam are mine victims;
by the end of the year 8.8K men per mo. move down the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
U.S. mass transit rides fall to 8B this year from a peak of 23B in 1945 as everybody gets their own private ride; a new Chevy sells for less than $2.5K;
Volkwagen
is passed by Fiat in auto production, causing it to introduce Type 3 models, followed by Type 4 in 1969, which are all flops, and VW sales
in the U.S. peak at 582,573 in 1970, then slide until the 1974 introduction of the VW Golf; Sweden switches from driving on the left
side to the right, leaving Britain and Japan as retro lefties.
It takes until the year 1973 for the human technical knowledge in this year to double, according to French economist
Georges Anderla (1921-2005); last in 1967.
There are 100M telephones in service in the U.S.; 12B cans of beer and 5.3B cans of soft drinks are consumed in the U.S., plus 572.6B cigarettes (210 packs/adult).
On Jan. 1 Yugoslavia becomes the first Communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements;
pres. (since 1945) Josip Broz Tito goes on to call for Arabs to recognize Israel.
On Jan. 2 Purdue defeats USC by 14-13 to win the 1967 Rose Bowl.
On Jan. 2 Tampico, Ill.-born Hollywood B-actor Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004)
is sworn-in as Repub. gov. #33 of Calif. (until Jan. 6, 1975), promising to "reduce the cost of government", starting with the U. of Calif., whose budget he cuts
by 10% while proposing charging tuition, causing pres. Clark Kerry to freeze admissions; three weeks later the regents dismiss him, causing him to later utter the
soundbyte: "All that effort, all that passion, all that turmoil was mostly for naught."
On Jan. 2 Operation Bolo
sees 28 USAF F-4 Phantom jets (each with 8 missiles) use an electronic Trojan Horse to lure 16 MiG-21s (each with 2 missiles) into a dogfight
over Hanoi, shooting down seven, leaving only nine in their air force; too bad, U.S. pilots are prohibited from attacking North Vietnamese MiG bases.
On Jan. 3 the 90th U.S. Congress opens its first session in Washington, D.C. (ends Jan. 3, 1969).
On Jan. 3 after defeating Dem. Frank Briscoe, cousin of future gov. Dolph Briscoe Jr., Milton, Mass.-born Repub. WWII Navy vet
George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-), son of U.S. Sen. (R-Conn.) (1952-63)
Prescott Sheldon Bush Sr. (1895-1972)
becomes the U.S. rep for the Texas' 7th District (until Jan. 3, 1971), becoming the first Repub. from Houston, Tex. (where he lives in the Tanglewood neighborhood)
in the U.S. House, going on to vote for the 1968 U.S. Civil Rights Act, support the Nixon admin.'s Vietnam policies, and support birth control, rising to the
House Ways and Means Committee, where he votes to abolish the draft; in 1970 after Pres. Nixon talks him into it, he resigns from the House to run for the Senate,
losing to Dem. Lloyd Bentsen, after which Nixon appoints him as U.S. ambassador #10 to the U.N. on Mar. 1, 1971 to Jan. 18, 1973; on Jan. 19, 1973 to Sept. 16, 1974
he becomes Repub. Nat. Committee (RNC) chmn. #49; on Jan. 30, 1976 to Jan 20, 1977 he becomes CIA dir. #11.
On Jan. 3 liberal Repub. Edward William Brooke III (1919-2015) becomes the first popularly elected African-Am. Mass. U.S. Sen.
(until Jan. 3, 1979)., going on to co-write the 1968 U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1968 and become the first Senate Repub. to call for Pres. Nixon's resignation after Watergate.
On Jan. 3 Oswald assassin Jack Ruby (b. 1911) dies in Parkland Hospital of cancer, which he suddenly contracted while in jail; his secrets die with him;
the govt. injected cancer cells into him to shut him up? - Camp Sleepaway?
On Jan. 3 Chinese Gang of Four member Jiang Qing and Mao's man Lin Biao launch the Jan. Storm,
a purge of municipal govt. leaders in Shanghai, which ends up in purges of every local govt. in China after Mao calls on all to rise
in self-criticism, or criticism and purging of others; in Feb. the Gang of Four extends the purges to the military, and on July 22
Jiang Qing orders the Red Guards to displace the People's Liberation Army, causing them to loot military armories (until fall 1968).
On Jan. 3 former Bell & Howell CEO (1949-64) Charles Harting "Chuck" Percy (1919-)
becomes Repub. U.S. Sen. from Ill. (until Jan. 3, 1985), immediately introducing the first-ever proposal to provide home ownership to low-income families - just so
they're a long way from my family mansion in Kenilworth?
On Jan. 4 a CIA Memo to Press Assets
is pub., warning them of "conspiracy theorists", esp. those who try to implicate LBJ and/or the Warren Commission, giving them ammo to discredit them - the smoking gun?
On Jan. 7 The Forsyte Saga
soap opera debuts on BBC2-TV in B&W, based on the John Galsworthy novels set in the 1920s, starring Eric Porter as Soames Forsyte,
Margaret Tyzack as Winifred Dartie, Nyree Dawn Porter as Irene Forsyte (nee Heron), and June Barry as June Forsyte; after becoming a hit, it
switches to Sat. nights on BBC1-TV in 1968, attracting 18M viewers.
On Jan. 8 16K U.S. and 14K South Vietnamese ARVN troops launch Operation Cedar Falls (until Jan. 26),
the biggest combined offensive so far against the tunnel-laced Iron Triangle_(Vietnam)
between the Saigon River and Route 13 25 mi. NW of Saigon, which has been a Communist stronghold for 20 years, using tunnel rats for the
first time; on Jan. 18 the Viet Cong district HQ of Chu Chi is captured, along with 500K documents, incl. plans for a failed assassination
attempt on Robert S-for-Strange McNamara; too bad, the stupid Yankees arrive and leave by heli after cleaning out the area, allowing them to
return and rebuild, and continue it throughout the war.
On Jan. 9-12 the Anglican-Roman Catholic Internat. Commission (ARCIC)
meets in Gazzada, Italy to explore possible unity; they go on to hold a meeting on the place of Scripture in England, followed by a final meeting
in Malta next year, producing the Malta Report.
On Jan. 10 U.N. secy.-gen. Thank U, er, U Thant expresses doubts that Vietnam is essential to Western security.
On Jan. 10 LBJ's 4th State of the Union Address
starts out "I have come here tonight to report to you that this is a time of testing for our nation. At home, the question is whether we will continue
working for better opportunities for all Americans, when most Americans are already living better than any people in history. Abroad, the question
is whether we have the staying power to fight a very costly war, when the objective is limited and the danger to us is seemingly remote. So our test is
not whether we shrink from our country's cause when the dangers to us are obvious and dose at hand, but, rather, whether we carry on when they seem
obscure and distant - and some think that it is safe to lay down our burdens. I have come tonight to ask this Congress and this nation to resolve that
issue, to meet our commitments at home and abroad, to continue to build a better America, and to reaffirm this nation's allegiance to freedom";
after lasting seemingly forever, it ends "Whether we can fight a war of limited objectives over a period of time, and keep alive the hope of independence
and stability for people other than ourselves, whether we can continue to act with restraint when the temptation to get it over with is inviting but dangerous,
whether we can accept the necessity of choosing a great evil in order to ward off a greater, whether we can do these without arousing the hatreds and the
passions that are ordinarily loosed in time of war - on all these questions so much turns" - a president of state of the hot air?
On Jan. 10 ABC-TV devotes its prime time schedule to the Beatles, airing a film of their 1965 Shea Stadium concert.
On Jan. 10 Larry Cohen's sci-fi series The Invaders
debuts for 43 episodes (until Mar. 26, 1968), produced by Quinn Martin and starring
Roy Thinnes (1938-)
as architect David Vincent; the aliens pose as humans and red-out and evaporate when they die;
The Invaders Theme
features the soundbyte: "The Invaders, alien beings from a dying planet. Their destination: the Earth. Their purpose: to make it their world.
David Vincent has seen them. For him, it began one lost night on a lonely country road, looking for a shortcut that he never found. It began with
a closed deserted diner, and a man too long without sleep to continue his journey. It began with the landing of a craft from another galaxy. Now David Vincent
knows that the Invaders are here, that they have taken human form. Somehow he must convince a disbelieving world that the nightmare has already begun."
On Jan. 13 Lt. Col. Etienne (Étienne) Eyadema (Eyadéma) (1935-2005)
ousts Nicolas Grunitzky in a bloodless military coup in Togo,
and a Nat. Reconciliation Committee is set up to rule the country, but on Apr. 14 Eyadema dissolves it and becomes pres. #3,
setting up the Rally of the Togolese Party in 1969-2012,
going on to Africanize his name to Gnassingbe (Gnassingbé) and stay in power until his Feb. 5, 2005 death after weathering seven attempts on his life.
On Jan. 14 the Great Human Be-In is held in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, Calif. to a crowd of 20K-30K, drawing nat. attention to the
Haight-Ashbury (the "world's first psychedelic city-state") scene, and introducing the word psychedelic to the U.S. masses;
LSD guru Timothy Francis Leary (1920-96) proclaims the slogan "Turn on, Tune in, Drop out"; at the
Gathering of the Tribe, "Buddhist Jew" poet
Allen Ginsberg (1926-97) coins the term "Flower Power".
The big 666 year safely behind it, America acknowledges itself as the new Rome by establishing its own national gladiator match with the Super Bowl number for year #x always 1966 + x?
On Jan. 15 Super Bowl I (NFL World Championship) is played at the Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, Calif.
to nearly 28K empty seats with tickets just $6; the Green Bay Packers (NFL) (coach Vince Lombardi) defeat the Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) (coach Hank Stram) 35-10;
Packers QB Bryan Bartlett "Bart" Starr (1934-) (#15) is MVP, throwing two TD passes; Chiefs QB is
Leonard Ray "Len" Dawson (1935-) (#16); despite a hangover, 34-y.-o. wide receiver
William Max McGee (1932-2007) catches seven passes (compared to four all season) for 138 yards and scores the
first points in a SB, a TD on a 37-yard pass from Bart Starr; too bad, he later dies after falling from a roof; the announcer is Wyo.-born
Curt Gowdy (1919-2006); no rerun tape is saved; superstar Paul Hornung (known as the 2nd part of "Thunder and Lightning"
with Jim Taylor) is the only Packer not to play, suffering from a pinched nerve; Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt (1932-2006)
invents the term Super Bowl when his daughter says the word "Super Ball" with her Texas twang?;
Halo Effect
sees the Dow Jones Industrial avg. decline for a year after an AFC team wins the Super Bowl, and increase for a year after the NFC team wins.
On Jan. 16 Alan Stephenson Boyd (1922-), chmn. of the Civil Aeronautics Board secy. #1 of the
U.S. Dept. of Transportation (until 1969).
On Jan. 16 after state law prevents another term, George Wallace's wife Lurleen Burns Wallace (1926-68)
becomes gov. of Ala. (until May 7, 1968), being sworn-in on the same spot where Jefferson Davis took his oath for Confed. pres. in 1861
and vowing to continue the fight against racial integration and the feds, becoming the 3rd female U.S. state gov.;
she dies next May 7 of cancer; meanwhile he begins campaigning for U.S. pres.
On Jan. 18 Albert Henry DeSalvo (1931-73)
is convicted on various charges of rape et al. (not incl. murder) in Cambridge, Mass., even though he confesses to being the
Boston Strangler (Silk Stocking Murderer), who murdered 13 women in the Boston, Mass. area in 1962-4,
with DNA evidence posth. linking him to the last victim in July 2013; there was more than one perp?
On Jan. 26 the worst blizzard since 1940 hits the U.S. Midwest, killing 75 in the Chicago, Ill. area.
On Jan. 27, 1967 NASA astronauts Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (b. 1926),
Edward Higgins White (b. 1930), and
Roger Bruce Chaffee (b. 1935)
burn to death on the launchpad in their Apollo 1
space capsule, which was charge with 100% oxygen; Grissom was assassinated
for speaking out about the failings of the Apollo program, serving as a warning to future astronauts to keep their mouth shut?
In Jan. the British govt. announces a decision to withdraw military forces from Malta for economic reasons, pissing-off the Maltese govt. and leading to
a Mar. 12 agreement to slow down and increase aid.
In Jan. Harvard grad Fred Gardner
starts the first United Freedom Org. (UFO) Coffeehouse
for GIs in Columbia, S.C.
On Feb. 2 Pres. Johnson says that there are "no serious indications that the other side is ready to stop the war".
On Feb. 5 (Sun.) TLW-favorite The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour,
starring New York City-born folk singers geoThomas Bolyn "Tom" Smothers III (1937-)
("Mom always liked you best") and Richard Remick "Dick" Smothers (1938-)
debuts on CBS-TV for 72 episodes (until June 8, 1969), combining great comedy and music with boundary-pushing political criticism of the LBJ regime and the Vietnam War, going on to
beat "Bonanza" for the top audience ratings and host top rock groups incl. the Beatles until LBJ pulls strings with his personal friend and CBS head William S. Paley and gets
the show summarily canceled, using a comic sermon by Canadian Jewish comedian David Steinberg (1942-)
by a whale. The Gentiles, the New Testament scholars say, 'Hold it, Jews, no'. They literally grabbed the Jews by the Old Testament"; South Bend, Wash.-born comedian
Patrick Layton "Pat" Paulsen (1927-97)
runs for U.S. pres. in 1968, repeating every four years iuntil 1996 - why does every one of TLW's favorite shows always get canceled?
On Feb. 5 Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, N.Y. (founded 1926) admits its first six men.
On Feb. 7 (Black Tues.) after a wet spring leads to prolific grass growth, the 1967 Tasmanian Fires burn 653K acres,
kill 62, injure 900, leave 7K homeless, destroy 1,293 houses, and cause Australian $101M damage, becoming the most deadly bushfires in Tasmania (until ?).
On Feb. 8 Syria drafts an
anti-Semitic law
prohibiting govt. employees and military from trading with any Jewish establishment;
Jews are required to live in ghettos, and to carry ID cards with the word "Mussawi"
(follower of Moses) in red ink (the color denoting uncleanliness); Jewish homes and
stores must display a red sign; Jews can't own or drive cars or have telephones, and
are prohibited from serving in the military but have to pay $600 jizya tax for exemption certificates;
emigration is illegal, with forfeiture of property along with jail and torture.
On Feb. 8-10 a Fast for Peace
is held by U.S. religious groups; meanwhile on Feb. 8-12 a truce is observed in Vietnam over the lunar New Year Tet, after which on Feb. 13
Pres. Johnson announces the resumption of full-scale bombing of North Vietnam, causing the 50K Chinese advisors and engineers repairing damage
done by the Yankees to roll up their sleeves?
On Feb. 10 the Twenty-Fifth (25th) Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution (pres. disability and succession by vice-pres.) is ratified and goes into effect, calming fears of a repeat of an
assassinated pres. followed by a vice-pres. who once had a heart attack.
On Feb. 12 (Sun.) the Redlands Bust
sees the house of Rolling Stones member Keith Richards raided by the police just after George Harrison and his wife leave, and Richards is
arrested for drug possession.
On Feb. 14 an article by Sol Stern in the liberal Catholic San Francisco mag.
Ramparts
mag. reveals that the CIA has been subsiziding the
Nat. Student Assoc. (NSA),
representing student govts. on over 300 U.S. campuses with $200K+
a year for almost 15 years, shocking college students, causing both
to be discredited, and causing mag. sales to zoom to 200K, after which
the mainstream media quits protecting the CIA and other nat. intel
agencies and bests them at their own act?
On Feb. 14 the Treaty of Tlatelolco (Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin Am. and the Caribbean,
drafted by Alfonso Garcia Robles (1911-91) of Mexico and
Alva Reimer Myrdal (1902-86) of Sweden
(wife of Gunnar Myrdal) (who receive the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize) creates a nuclear-free zone starting on Apr. 25, 1969,
starting with 22 nations, and eventually ratified by all 33 nations in Latin Am. and the Caribbean after Cuba signs on Oct. 23, 2002.
On Feb. 15 2.5K women organized by
Women Strike for Peace (WSP)
(founded 1961) storm defense secy. Robert Strange McNamara's office at
the Pentagon demanding to see "the generals who send our sons to die".
On Feb. 15-21 nat. elections in India give Indira Gandhi's Congress Party
a small majority in the lower house, but state elections cause them to
have to form coalition govts. in 9 of 16 states, while the Communists gain;
the Congress Party begins to become weighed down by special interest
groups, incl. Muslims, Sikhs and Untouchables, and to become divided
over the language question; meanwhile rich peasants who made a killing
from inflated prices during the 1965-6 drought become a force.
On Feb. 22-May 14
Operation Junction City
sees 45K U.S. and ARVN troops thrusting into Zone C near Tay Ninh Province
near the Cambodian border in a successful effort to capture the Viet Cong
main HQ for South Vietnam, featuring the only U.S. parachute assault of
the war, and ending with 2,728 Viet Cong KIA and 34 captured vs. 282 allied
KIA and 1,576 wounded, after which the NVA relocate their main HQ inside
Cambodia; 240 helis are used, along with defoliant
herbicides;
Lt. Gen. Alexander M. Haig commands the 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry at Ap Gu.
On Feb. 22 JFK assassination mystery man
David Ferrie (b. 1918)
is found dead in his room in the Fontainebleau Hotel in New Orleans hours before
his testimony in the JFK assassination is scheduled; the official cause of death
is a Berry Aneurysm, despite a note found in his apt. reading "To leave this life
is, for me, a sweet prospect"; hours later, Ferrie's Cuban exile friend
Eladio del Valle (-1967)
is found murdered; in 1975 Cuban-born pro-Castro Fair Play for Cuba Committee member
Harry J. Dean (1927-)
claims to have infiltrated the John Birch Society in 1962, and learned that Gen. Edwin Walker
had hired del Valle and Cuban-born gunman
Loran Eugene Hall (1930-)
(who turned on Castro) to kill JFK in Mexico City in June 1962, and that they framed
Oswald; too bad, he provided no evidence.
On Feb. 27 the associated state of St. Christopher (Kitts)-Nevis-Anguilla is proclaimed by Britain; the islands have been united since 1882,
but Anguilla doesn't like St. Kitts domination, and expels St. Kitts police in May, unilaterally withdraws on June 16, and proclaims
independence on July 12 (until Mar. 19, 1969) under pres. Ronald Webster (1926-), pissing-off the Brits.
On Feb. 27 NAACP treasurer of Natchez, Miss. Wharlest Jackson (b. 1930) is killed by a car bomb after being
promoted at the Armstrong Rubber Co. to a job formerly reserved for white men; nobody is arrested.
On Feb. 27-Mar. 4 the Org. of African Unity (OAU) meets, urging the use of force to end South Africa's mandate over South-West Africa (Namibia) and topple the Ian Smith regime in Rhodesia.
In Feb. after NYT correspondent Harrison Evans Salisbury (1908-93)
becomes the first well-known respected U.S. journalist to come out against the Vietnam War after a visit to North Vietnam, White House press secy. (since July 1965)
Bill Moyers leaves after expressing doubts about the Vietnam War, pissing his boss and fellow Texan LBJ off and causing him to circle the wagons more;
James Barrett "Scotty" Reston (1909-95),
Washington bureau chief for the New York Times writes that Moyers left because LBJ had been "wounded at Credibility Gap".
In Feb. the album Surrealistic Pillow by the Jefferson Airplane
is released, launching the "San Francisco Sound", and giving the scads of newly-minted hippies
their own masturbatory music to accompany their new "counterculture" of drugs and sex (with the pill) in the upcoming Summer of Love while their country goes to pot over Vietnam,
as Baby Boomers are easily recruited right in their maximum hormone years with the looming draft putting a candle under their asses; meanwhile the movement has a dark
side, as "underground comics" such as Zap Comix (first issue pub. in Nov., 25 cents) by
R. (Robert Dennis) Crumb (1943-) give them visual lessons in drug-taking and unmarried promiscuous sex,
incl. "humping", "69", etc.; the unlucky males who were drafted into Vietnam are made to feel bad about forever missing the experience of having a free-loving pot-smoking birth-control-popping
hippie girl who puts out and/or shacks up without a wedding ring on her finger (and just disappears into smoke when they want to split), even though they partially make up for it with disease-filled
Vietnamese "love you long time" hookers.
On Mar. 1 New York Dem. rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (1908-72), accused of misconduct is denied his seat in the 90th Congress;
he gets it back in 1969 after a June Supreme Court decision; white Dem. Conn. Sen. (1959-71) Thomas Joseph Dodd (1907-71)
(former Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal prosecutor) is merely censured for his misconduct of misusing campaign funds and selling influence to West German business interests.
On Mar. 1 Uruguayan pres. Gen. Oscar Diego Gestido (b. 1901) of the long out-of-power semi-fascist Colorado (Sp. "Red" - as in blood?) Party is sworn in, and a
constitutional amendment dissolves the 9-man federal council (in place since 1952); too bad, on Dec. 6 Gestido dies of a heart attack, and vice-pres.
Jorge Pacheco Areco (Pachiko Arrigo) (1920-98) succeeds him as pres. (until 1972), immediately instituting hurt-so-good wage-price freezes
and taking a hard line against unions, going on to rule with an iron hand and crack down on dissidents.
On Mar. 3 pres. elections in South Korea give another V to Park Chung-Hee; meanwhile North Korea stages border raids and guerrilla operations to shake him up.
On Mar. 5-12 nat. elections in France cause the Gaullists to lose 25 seats, leaving them with a 1-seat majority in the nat. assembly, although they
can still count on support from the Independent Repub. Party of Valery Giscard d'Estaing.
On Mar. 6 Pres. Johnson announces his plan for a draft lottery, issuing an executive order prohibiting draft deferments for post-graduate study except for men pursuing
medical or dental degrees.
On Mar. 8 the U.S. Congress authorizes $4.5B for the Vietnam War.
On Mar. 8 a meeting of the Algerian Rev. Council sees Algerian women
walk out after being told they already have enough rights and don't need to fight any further; the avg. marriage age rises from 18 this year to 31 in 2008.
On Mar. 9 Joseph Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva (1926-)
defects to the U.S. embassy in New Delhi and tells how bad it is, becoming a big propaganda coup for the West, and causing Alexei Kosygin to utter the lame soundbyte
"she's a sick person"; in Apr. she arrives in the U.S. from Switzerland, becomes a U.S. citizen and marries architect William Peters, pub. two bestellers making her a millionaire,
then separates from him after daughter Olga is born, returns to the Soviet Union in 1984, leaves for the U.S. again in 1986, and ends up in England - I like the nightlife, I love to boogie?
On Mar. 10 after their F-4 Phantoms are hit by AA fire en route to bombing a steel mill N of Hanoi, North Vietnam,
USAF Capt. John R. "Bob" Pardo (1935-2024) uses the novel Pardo's Push
to save his wingman by pushing his tailhook, extending flight time to make it to safety in Laos.
On Mar. 13 PM Albert Margai loses the election in Sierra Leone to All People's Congress leader (since 1962)
Siaka Probyn Stevens (1905-88), leader of the All-People's Congress, but a military coup prevents him from taking power within minutes.
On Mar. 14 Pres. John F. Kennedy's body is moved to a permanent resting place at Arlington Nat. Cemetery - the coverup is complete?
On Mar. 15 Ho Chi Minh responds to LBJ's proposal for direct peace
talks by demanding an end to bombing and withdrawal of U.S. troops
from South Vietnam; on Apr. 5 LBJ names Ellsworth Bunker (1894-1984)
as the new ambassador to South Vietnam, replacing Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (since July 31, 1965) on Apr. 28 (until May 11, 1973).
On Mar. 15 pres. (since 1964) Humberto Castelo Branco resigns, and on July 18 he is killed when his Piper plane crashes into a Hercules training
jet near Forteleza; on Mar. 15 U.S.-trained war minister gen.
Artur da Costa e Silva (1902-69)
becomes pres. #30 of Brazil (until Aug. 31, 1969), going on to crack down on Communists, promulgate
Institutional Act 5 (AI-5)
next Dec. 13, giving him the power to dismiss the congress and repress left-wingers, and preside over the
Brazilian Miracle,
a 9%-10% per annum growth rate (until ?).
On Mar. 18 the 118K-ton supertanker SS Torrey Canyon
(built 1959) is shipwrecked on Pollard's Rock off the W Cornish coast of England,
spilling 860K barrels (120K tons) of crude oil, becoming the first major oil tanker
spill and causing an environmental diaster, creating a 270 sq. mi. oil slick,
contaminating 120 mi. of Cornish coast and 50 mi. of French coast, and killing 15K birds;
cleanup efforts with 10K tons of detergents (solvent emulsifiers) only make the problem worse?;
the disaster leads to the 1969 passage of
the Internat. Civil Liability Convention for Oil Pollution,
imposing strict liability on shipowners, followed in 1973 by the
Internat. Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships - supersize me?
On Mar. 19 Pres. Johnson meets in Guam with South Vietnamese PM Nguyen Cao Ky
and pressures him to hold nat. elections.
On Mar. 19 (night) the
Second Battle of Ap Bau Bang
is a V for the U.S. 5th Cavalry Regiment over two battalions of Viet Cong, who lose 227 KIA
and three taken POW.
On Mar. 20 Rwanda and Burundi reconcile are four years of war, and disarmed Tutsi refugees return to Rwanda.
On Mar. 22 the U.S. announces that Thailand has given permission to use their bases for
B-52 bombers now based in Guam.
On Mar. 22 the
British Iron and Steel Act
abolishes the British Iron and Steel Federation (formed 1934) and
creates the govt.-owned
British Steel Corp.,
controlling 14 major U.K. steel cos. with 200 subsidiaries (90% of the
U.K. steel industry); in 1969 the corp. is redivided into six divs.
On Mar. 29 La Redoutable,
France's first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine is launched by
pres. Charles de Gaulle as part of France's
Force de Frappe
(Deterrent or Strike Force); too bad, it proves full of bugs, and isn't commissioned
until 1971 (decommissioned in 1991); five other subs in the same class follow, all
decommissioned by 2008 - by which time France is not worth saving?
On Mar. 29-Apr. 11 the first nationwide strike in the 30-year history of the
Am. Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA)
occurs.
On Mar. 31 Pres. Johnson signs the
Consular Treaty,
the first bilateral pact with the Soviet Union since the Bolshevik Rev.,
pissing the ultra-conservatives off, who claim it will permit Soviet
spy nests in the U.S.
In Mar. new Austrian chancellor Josef Klaus visits Moscow and signs a
cultural agreement, but fails to get them to drop their opposition to
Austrian membership in the Common Market; he goes on to visit and improve
relations with several Balkan countries incl. Hungary.
In Mar. Japan signs a trade protocol with the Soviet Union providing
for a 16% increase in trade; in Apr. air service between the two
countries opens; on June 22 an agreement for scientific-technical
cooperation is signed.
Bolivia gets its Becket?
In Mar. a guerrilla movement in SE Bolivia led by Cuban rev. leader Maj.
Ernesto "Che" Guevara
(b. 1928) (who left Cuba in 1965) begins giving the govt. fits,
causing them to seek U.S. "training" and advisors; on Sept. 24 govt.
troops stage a daylight massacre of hundreds of men, women, and children
at the Siglo XX Mine
after accusing them of sympathizing with the guerrillas; on Oct. 8 Guevara
is wounded and captured by the Bolivian army (helped by the peasants) near
Vado del Yeso,
and executed on Oct. 9 after they announce that he died of his wounds on
Oct. 8; on Nov. 17 his French-born advisor
Jules Regis Debray
(1940-) is sentenced to 30 years in prison, then released in 1970
after an internat. campaign for his release by Charles de Gaulle,
Pope Paul VI, and Jean-Paul Sartre, going on to coin the term "mediology"
in a 1979 book.
On Apr. 1 NATO moves out of its last French HQ in Versailles and
Fontainebleau.
On Apr. 1 Pres. Johnson issues an executive order transferring control
of the U.S. Coast Guard from the Treasury Dept. to the new
Dept. of Transportation.
On Apr. 4 after urging by exiled Vietnamese Zen Buddhist monk
Thich Nhat Hanh
(1926-), Martin Luther King Jr. gives his
Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence Speech
at the Riverside Church in New York City, breaking his silence over
Vietnam and splitting ranks with LBJ, attacking U.S. weapons sales to
foreign countries, encouraging draft evasion, and proposing a merger
between the civil rights and anti-Vietnam War movements, with the soundbyte
"I knew that I could never raise my voice against the violence of the
oppressed in the ghettos without having first spoken clearly to the
greatest purveyor of violence in the world today, my own government...
Somehow this madness must cease"; King nominates Hanh for the
1967 Nobel Peace Prize but makes the mistake of revealing it and making a
"strong request" to pick him, causing them to not award the prize at all - so
you wanna be the black JFK? - so you wanna be the black JFK?
On Apr. 5 after opposition by Roman Catholics, who are only 6%
of the pop., Colo. Repub. gov. (1963-73)
John Arthur Love
(1916-2002) signs a new liberal abortion law, permitting
abortions for therapeutic reasons to prevent permanent injury or
death to the mother, or when the child is likely to be born with
grave physical deformity or retardation, or when the pregnancy
resulted from rape or incest; meanwhile on Oct. 27 the British Parliament
passes the
Abortion Act,
(effective Apr. 27, 1968), permitting abortion under the usual
limited circumstances up to 28 weeks after conception (amended
to 24 weeks in 1990); abortion remains illegal in Northern Ireland;
meanwhile France legalizes birth control, although actual birth control
devices and spermicidal preparations are hard to obtain.
On Apr. 6 2.5K Viet Cong and NVA attack
Quang Tri City.
On Apr. 7 (midnight) the Air France Robbery
at JFK Internat. Airport sees Lucchese crime family members incl. Henry Hill and Tommy DeSimone
use a stolen key from a security guard to walk into a cargo terminal and steal $420K; portrayed
in the 1969 film "Le Clan des Sicilians", and the 1990 film "Goodfellas".
On Apr. 7-8 the first Berkeley Jazz Festival
at the UCB campus is held, featuring Miles Davis, the Modern Jazz Quartet, the Gerald Wilson Big Band,
the Bill Evans Trio, Big Mama Thornton et al.
On Apr. 8 in Nashville, Tenn.
police eject a black from a restaurant at Fisk U. after being stoked by a speech by Stokely Carmichael, causing two days of riots (until Apr. 10), pissing-off the
Tenn. House of Reps., which calls for his deportation from the state.
On Apr. 9 the 115-passenger (6 abreast) 94-ft.-long narrow-body
Boeing 737
twin-engine jet makes its first flight from Seattle, Wash., entering service
next Feb. 10 with Lufthansa and becoming its most popular model, with 8K
ordered by 2008; meanwhile after the Boeing 707 kills its market, on Apr. 28
McDonnell Douglas Corp. (MDC)
is created by a takeover of civilian-oriented
Douglas Aircraft
(founded 1921) in Long Beach, Calif. by military-oriented
McDonnell Aircraft Corp.
(founded 1939) in St. Louis, Mo.; in May 1976-Dec. 1978 young whippersnapper with
peach fuzz on his cheeks TLW works for their Astronautics div. in Huntington Beach, Calif.
as an engineer; in 1984 it acquires Hughes Helicopters; in 1996 it is acquired by Boeing.
On Apr. 10 the
39th Academy Awards
awards the best picture Oscar for 1966 to Columbia's (Highland Films) A Man for All Seasons, along with best actor to Paul Scofield,
and best dir. to Fred Zinnemann; best actress and best supporting actress go to Elizabeth Taylor and Sandy Dennis for
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Richard Burton is snubbed for best actor, because when it comes to Liz he ain't acting?),
and best supporting actor goes to Walter Matthau for The Fortune Cookie.
On Apr. 11 the Saint-Nazaire Shipyard Strike
in Brittany at France's largest and most profitable shipyard wins support from French workers and students, causing another strike next Jan. in Caen, Normandy.
On Apr. 14 Richard Nixon visits Saigon, and says that the anti-Vietnam War protesters are "prolonging the war".
On Apr. 14 Jeno Fock (1916-2001) succeeds Gyulla Kalai as PM of Hungary (until 1975).
Back when the young needed a political excuse to go out in a park and strip and have sex?
On Apr. 15 the Spring Mobilization to End the War,
organized by the Nat. Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (MOBE)
(which also pushes black liberation) sees 50K-75K hold a anti-Vietnam War demonstration in San Francisco, Calif, and
another 100K-400K in New York City; a protest at the U. of Calif. is dealt with by Gov. Reagan, who sees a radical that he had seen before in the 1949 Hollywood strike, and shouts
"I knew you, Popsky!"; meanwhile Martin Luther King Jr. states that the Vietnam War is undermining Pres. Johnson's Great Society, with the soundbyte "The pursuit of this widened war
has narrowed the promised dimensions of the domestic welfare programs, making the poor white and Negro bear the heaviest burdens both at the front and at home" - bang, you're dead?
On Apr. 17 Surveyor 3 is launched by the U.S., landing on Apr. 19 (65 hours later) on the Moon at Oceanus Procellarum
and scooping and testing lunar soil, determining that it safe for humans to walk on.
On Apr. 17 Daniel Roland Michener (1900-91)
becomes gov.-gen. #20 of Canada (until Jan. 14, 1974).
On Apr. 20 the U.S. bombs Haiphong Harbor in North Vietnam for the first time.
On Apr. 20 (night) a chartered 4-engine Globe air Swiss Bristol Britannia
turboprop crashes after takeoff in Nicosia, Cyprus, killing all 45 aboard.
What's big about greasy big bags?
On Apr. 21 "The Colonels", a group of rightist army officers led by Col. George Papadopoulos (1919-99),
Stylianos Pattakos (Patakos) (1912-) and
Nikolaos Makarezos (1919-) seize power in a bloodless military coup in greasy
Greece; leftist leaders, incl. George Papandreou and his son
Andreas Papandreou (1919-96) are arrested; the constitution is suspended, and strict censorship imposed;
the U.S. imposes a military embargo; on Oct. 7 George Papandreou and several other leaders are released, but his son Andreas and hundreds of others
remain under arrest; on Dec. 13 Constantine II appeals for popular support to restore democratic institutions, and on Dec. 14 flees to Rome, while the
military junta appoints a new cabinet with George Papadopoulos as PM, and on Dec. 25 releases Andreas Papandreou in a Christmas amnesty, after which an
attempted counter-rev. led by King Constantine fails, and Andreas, the king and the royal family flee to gay Paris, attempting to stir up support for a return;
too bad, despite Western opposition, the colonels stay in power until 1974, ruling with a well-greased iron hand, starting with censoring the destabilizing anti-war play "Lysistrata" by Aristophanes.
On Apr. 22 Walter Reuther leads the UAW out of the AFL-CIO.
On Apr. 23 taking advantage of the Jan. 27 NASA space capsule ground tragedy,
Soyuz 1
is launched, and the Soviets once again best the Yanks as
Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov (b. 1927)
becomes the first in-flight space casualty when he dies in a crash landing on
Apr. 24 after the parachute lines release at 23K ft. and become snarled.
On Apr. 24 U.S. Gen. William Westmoreland sounds off against U.S. anti-Vietnam War
demonstrators, with the
soundbyte that they give the North Vietnamese
soldier "hope that he can win politically that which he cannot
accomplish militarily"; meanwhile he privately tells Pres. Johnson
that "the war could go on indefinitely."
On Apr. 24-May 11 the Battle of Khe Sanh
10 mi. from North Vietnam near the Laos border sees U.S. 3rd Marines fight in the hills with the NVA, killing 940, while losing 155 killed
and 425 wounded.
On Apr. 27 Expo '67,
with U.S. pavilion designed by R. Buckminster Fuller is officially opened in Montreal by Canadian PM Lester B. Pearson on the centennial
of the Canadian Confederation (Dominion status); it draws 50M visitors, and features
Habitat '67,
designed by Moshe Safdie; it closes on Oct. 27.
On Apr. 28 world heavyweight boxing champ Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. (1942-2016)
(a newly-converted Black Muslim who changed his name to Muhammad Ali) refuses induction into the U.S. Army on the grounds that he is a Muslim minister, uttering the soundbytes
"I only fight to expand the territory ruled by Sharia", er, "I ain't got no trouble with the Viet Cong";
"Why should they ask me to put on a uniform and go 10,000 miles from home and drop bombs and bullets on brown people in Vietnam while so-called Negro people in Louisville are treated like dogs
and denied simple human rights? No, I'm not going 10,000 miles from home to help murder and burn another poor nation simply to continue the domination of white slave masters of the darker people
the world over. This is the day when such evils must come to an end. I have been warned that to take such a stand would cost me millions of dollars, but I have said it once and I will say it again.
The real enemy of my people is here... If I thought the war was going to bring freedom and equality to 22 million of my people, they wouldn't have to draft me, I'd join tomorrow. I have nothing to
lose by standing up for my beliefs. So I'll go to jail, so what? We've been in jail for 400 years";
he is indicted on May 8, and convicted by a jury in Houston on June 20 of violating U.S. Selective Service laws when he again refuses induction into the U.S. Army after being denied
conscientious objector status; sportscaster Howard William Cosell (Cohen) (1918-95)
publicly supports his hero's decision, while sportscaster Walter Wellesley "Red" Smith (1905-82)
disses him, saying "Cassius makes himself as sorry a spectacle as those unwashed punks who picket and demonstrate against the war"; he is given the maximum 5 years and $10K fine, but released on
a $5K bond, then appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court and wins
8-0 on June 29, 1971, after he is stripped of his boxing title and his career ruined by Uncle Honky Sam; the WBA stages an
8-man tournament
to crown a successor, which is won next Mar. 4 by Joe Frazier after former champ Floyd Patterson loses a controversial 12-round decision
to Jerry Quarry - slapped down like any uppity nigger by the Man?
On Apr. 29 the 14-Hour Technicolor Dream Concert
in Alexandra Palace, London is organized by
Barry Miles
(1943-) and
John "Hoppy" Hopkins
(1937-) to raise funds for the
Internat. Times (IT),
underground newspaper (founded Oct. 14, 1966), gaining financial support from
Paul McCartney et al.; it ceases pub. in 1972 for a short time for running
personal ads for gay men.
In Apr. the the navy, army, and air force are consolidated into the Canadian Armed Services; the death penalty is abolished in Canada for a
5-year trial period, subject to being reinstated for murdering a police officer or prison guard - sacred cows are sacred cows?
In Apr. Yugoslavia passes constitutional amendments expanding the powers of the six local repubs. and the federal parliament.
In Apr. the Pakistan Dem. Movement,
opposing the regime of Gen. Mohammed Ayub Khan and working for greater
provincial autonomy emerges.
In Apr. Shirley Preston
becomes the first female taxicab driver in London, England.
In Apr. the U. of Mosul
is founded in Mosul, Iraq, becoming the 2nd biggest in Iraq after the U. of Baghdad; in 2014 ISIS closes it and destroys 8K books
and 100K mss.; in Mar. 2016 the Combined Joint Task Force bombs it.
In Apr. the
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR)
is founded in Chicago, Ill., growing from 75 to 1.4K members by modern times; in Jan. 1978 it
begins pub. the journal Diplomatic History at the U. of Colo. Boulder.
By the end of Apr. the U.S. has 480K men in Vietnam, more than the peak number in the Korean War.
On May 1 Elvis Presley marries German-born Priscilla Beaulieu
(pr. boy-YOO) (born Priscilla Ann Wagner) (1945-) in Las Vegas at the Aladdin Hotel; they divorce in 1973; they first met
in West Germany when she was 14.
On May 1 West Point-educated Nat. Guard head
Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (1925-80)
becomes pres. #73 of Nicaragua (until May 1, 1972), ruling with an iron hand as dictator until July 17, 1979, continuing and ending
the Somoza family dynasty (begun 1936).
On May 2 Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia assumes special powers as head of a provisional govt., which gives full recognition to the
Vietnamese Nat. Liberation Front (Viet Cong) and North Vietnam.
On May 2 Bertrand Russell holds the mock
Russell Vietnam War Crimes Tribunal
in Stockholm, Sweden, condemning the U.S. for the Vietnam War.
On May 10 NASA test pilot Bruce Peterson (1933-2006) is seriously injured in a landing accident during the
16th glide flight of a lifting body Northrop M2-F2, causing him to lose sight in one eye, but not ending his career; portions of the spectacular
crash footage are later used in the opening credits of the TV series "The Six Million Dollar Man", pissing him off.
On May 11 the siege of Khe Sanh
ends with the base still in U.S. hands.
On May 12 John Masefield (b. 1878) dies, and on Jan. 1, 1968 Cecil Day-Lewis (1904-72)
(father of actor Daniel Day-Lewis) becomes poet laureate of England (until May 22, 1972).
On May 13 Muslim leader Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) becomes pres. of India (until May 3, 1969).
On May 13 70K march in New York City in support of the Vietnam War; the leader is a fire capt.
On May 15 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 8-1 in In re Gault
that juveniles accused of crimes have the same due process rights as adults; the majority opinion is written by Justice Abe Fortas;
Justice Potter Stewart dissents, arguing that juvenile courts are for correction not punishment.
On May 16 French pres. Charles de Gaulle vetoes the admission of Britain to the Common Market for a 2nd time.
On May 18 after police fire on teachers and parents demonstrating in Atoyac, Mexico, killing 18+, Mexican schoolteacher
Lucio Cabanas (Cabañas) Barrientos (1938-74)
begins a guerrilla campaign in Atoyac de Alvarez, W of Acapulco in Guerrero state; the govt. responds with widespread repression,
and hundreds of civilians are killed or disappeared, becoming known as the
Dirty War;
in 2006 outgoing pres. Vicente Fox pub. an 800-page Report on the Dirty War,
admitting to 700 executions without trial.
On May 18-26 U.S. and South Vietnamese troops enter the DMZ for the first time and fight the NVA, with both sides suffering heavy losses.
On May 20-21 the Spring Mobilization Conference in Washington, D.C. sees
700 anti-Vietnam war activists meet to evaluate their Apr. 15 demonstrations in New York City and San Francisco, Calif., forming the Nat. Mobilization Committee to End the War (MOBE),
with plans for a big demonstration in the fall.
On May 22 Pres. Johnson publicly urges the North Vietnamese to offer a peace compromise.
On May 22 a fire in the L'Innovation dept. store in Brussels kills 322.
On May 22-23 (night) after being falsely told by the Soviet Union that Israel was planning to attack Syria, and pressuring
the U.N. peacekeeping force in the Sinai to withdraw, Egyptian pres. Nasser closes the Straits of Tiran
at the S end of the Red Sea, blocking Israeli naval traffic to the port of Elat, and positioning a 100K-man army
in the Sinai with plans to attack Israel, getting the Arab League behind him with hastily signed inter-Arab military pact
which incl. Jordan and mends its fences and hands control of its army to him; chain-smoking Israeli army chief of staff
Yitzhak Rabin has a breakdown the same day; Pres. Johnson tells Israeli PM Levi Eshkol not to attack first, causing him to
order a response to be postponed for 48 hours; on May 23 U.N. secy.-gen. U Thant talks with Nasser in Cairo, and Soviet
PM Alexei Kosygin also tells him to postpone a 1st strike; on May 28 Eshkol gives a live
speech
to the nation in which he stumbles and stutters, causing dismay, leading to the "Night of Generals" as agreement is reached to
get Gen. Moshe Dayan to become defense minister, since he distinguished himself against the Egyptians in 1956 and can talk real good.
On May 23 an unexplained case
of radar jaamming almost causes the U.S. to start a nuclear war until the new U.S. Solar Forecasting Center reveals it as a rash of solar flares.
On May 24 the Penn. Railroad tests its 156 mph experimental train; meanwhile on Dec. 2 New York Central discontinues its famed NY-Chicago
Twentieth Cent. Limited after 65 years, and the two financially plagued railroads merge.
On May 29 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 5-4 in Afroyim v. Rusk
that the U.S. govt. can't revoke the citizenship of a U.S. citizen involuntarily, opening the way for dual citizenship; on Apr. 5, 1971 the
U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules in Rogers v. Bellei
that Congress has the authority to revoke the citizenship of a person not born or naturalized in the U.S., and in 1978 Congress repeals the
min. period for U.S. residence to be naturalized, causing the U.S. Dept. of State in 1990 to adopt revised policies making it virtually
impossible to lose U.S. citizenship without expressly and formally renouncing it.
On May 30 after refusing to return to the Muslim N, the Christian Igbos (Ibos) in E Nigeria, led by Lt. Col. (later gen.)
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu (1933-2011)
proclaim their independence from the Nigerian Federation (founded 1954) as the
Repub. of Biafra,
with Ojukwu as pres. #1 (until Jan. 8, 1970), taking the oil-rich Niger River Delta region
and pissing-off the Nigerian govt. in Lagos (composed of Muslim Hansa-Fulanis and Yorubas),
which gets support from all the other African states and buys arms from Britain, while the
Ibos buy arms from France; in July fighting breaks as Nigeria attempts to reclaim it, taking
the Biafran capital of Enugu on Oct. 4, while starving Biafrans training with wooden sticks for
rifles take them on; meanwhile Nigerian "Things Fall Apart" novelist
Albert Chinualumogu "Chinua" Achebe (1930-2013)
becomes the Biafran ambassador, appealing for U.S. and Euro aid in vain as Muslims start a jihad against Christians and the Christian world does nothing.
In May U.S. secy. of defense Robert S. McNamara sends a memo to LBJ opposing "still another request from Gen. William Westmoreland to escalate" by sending
an additional 200K troops to Vietnam.
In May Esquire estimates that there are 60 different versions of the JFK assassination on sale, many holding LBJ responsible, causing a 500% increase
in arrests for threatening the life of the pres.; a Harris poll in May shows a jump in Americans doubting the Warren Report from 44% to 66%.
In May Stokely Carmichael resigns as chmn. of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and begins a tour of Cuba
and North Vietnam; he is succeeded by black militant H. Rap (Hubert Gerold) Brown (1943-),
who busily prepares immortal black militant soundbytes,
incl. "The only politics in this country that's relevant to black people today is the politics of revolution";
"There's no such thing as a black middle class... They cannot divide us by saying that you're middle class or
you're lower class"; "The poverty program was not designed to eliminate poverty... You see, the poverty program
of the last five years have been buy-off programs."
Baby boomers torn from their bedrooms to the jungles turn into animals trading ears for beers?
In May-Nov. the 45-man
Tiger Force
(founded Nov. 1965), an elite U.S. Army "recondo" paratrooper unit of
the 1st Battalion, 327th Infantry, 101st Airborne Div. in the Central Highlands
of South Vietnam (motto: "out-guerrilla the guerrillas") go ape after
being hit by snipers in the Song Ve Valley, and Lt.
James Hawkins
gives the order "Shoot anything that moves"; by Aug., under squad leaders
Sgt. William Doyle
and James Barnett
they begin massacring entire villages, with Pvt.
Sam Ybarra
killing infants and keeping scalps and ears as trophies, while unit
cmdr. Lt. Col. Gerald "Ghost Rider" Morse
confuses the civilians with Viet Cong, asking for ever-more "kills";
in 1974 after a 4-year investigation the Army Criminal Investigation Div. (CID) issues a report by Austrian-born warrant officer
Gus Aspey
implicating individual soldiers in atrocities and accusing cmdrs. of turning a blind eye, but in Nov. 1975 new defense secy. Donald Rumsfeld
orders it covered up; in Oct. 2003 journalists Michael D. Sallah and
Mitch Weiss
of the Toledo Blade expose it, winning the 2004 Pulitzer Prize.
Da Summer of Love, Da Summer of Love?
On June 1 the Beatles' album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
is released in the U.K., followed by the U.S. on June 2, being certified gold the day of release, becoming the first album containing printed lyrics and a fold-out cover,
pioneering the concept album with a beginning and end rather than random tracks; the cover features images of historical figures, incl. Marlon Brando from 1953's "The Wild One",
and writer Terry Southern, becoming iconic; the Beatles finally come out and lead the drug culture openly; it is produced by George Martin;
it goes on to hold the #1 slot in Britain for 27 weeks and in the U.S. for 19 weeks; the week following its release becomes "the closest Western Civilization has come to unity
since the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In every city in Europe and America, radio stations played it and everyone listened" (Rolling Stone); too bad,
it is banned behind the Iron Curtian, except for bootleg copies, starting a culture war that ends
with the fall of the Soviet Union?; the Hippie theme is just right for the Summer of Love,
which begins in the U.S. as the Hippie (Hippy) Movement
arrives bigtime; on June 25 the 2.5-hour Our World Satellite Broadcast,
with performers from 19 nations and an audience of 400M features the Beatles singing "All You Need is Love"
along with an orchestra and invited friends incl. the Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton, Marianne Faithfull, Keith Moon,
and Graham Nash - Baby Boomer activism begins with masturbating to Beatles music in white suburban bedrooms,
then progresses to becoming hippies and moving into cheap lodgings, parks and communes and driving VW buses while
getting high and practicing free love, after which the 1960s end and they get real, pair up and join the corporate
ladder-climbing world and become Yuppies, changing everything they touch, all with the Vietnam War as their Judge?
The best defense is a good offense? Israel looks the abyss in the patched eye and saves itself, but for how long nobody knows, while its backer the U.S. flirts with a mini-Armageddon on 6-6-67?
On June 1 kibbutz-born eye-patched Gen. Moshe Dayan (1915-81)
(known for the soundbyte "Israel has no foreign policy, only a defense policy") is named defense minister of Israel, uniting Israelis around his charisma and gaining
acceptance of a first strike on Egypt; on June 5 (Mon.) (7:50 a.m.) (6-5-6-7) the Six-Day War
breaks out as the Israeli Air Force, led by RAF veteran Ezer Weizman (1924-2005)
sneak-attacks and destroys the Egyptian Air Force in 3 hours, destroying 280 aircraft, then wipes out the Syrian Air Force in another 2 hours, followed by the
Jordanian Air Force in minutes after breaking a deal
with Israel to stay out of the war if Israel wouldn't touch the West Bank and Jerusalem, Jordan begins shelling Jerusalem, causing the mini-Armageddon-like
Battle for Ammunition Hill,
which Israel wins (partly because the Egyptians control the Jordanian army, and want them to go to Sinai instead), capturing the Arab sector of Jerusalem on June 7 and
all of Jerusalem on June 10 for the first time since being expelled by the Romans in 70 C.E., which causes Jordanian king (since 1952)
1968 Doomsday Clock: 7 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Monkey (Jan. 30). Time Man (Men) of the Year: U.S. Apollo 8 Astronauts Anders, Borman and Lovell. Pop. of Israel: 3.5M, incl. 2.4M Jews and 1M Arabs (after the Six-Day War). World temps have dropped steadily for the last 30 years, averaging half a degree in the N hemisphere since 1948, and shortening growing seasons by two weeks, spurring scientists to predict a frigid future; by the mid-70s the trend reverses, and opposite predictions of palm trees in Montana crop up. The Sahel Drought (ends 1973) begins in the 2.6K-mi. West African Sahel strip S of the Sahara Desert in Africa, killing cattle and causing famine, causing the U.N. Sahelian Office (UNSO) to be created in 1973. The Hong Kong Flu Epidemic of 1968 (begins in Sept.) causes 1M-4M deaths this year (33.8K in the U.S.), becoming the 3rd flu pandemic this cent. (1918, 1957). U.S. troops in Vietnam at the start of the year: 486K; South Vietnamese: 1.5M; NLF (Viet Cong): 400K. Beginning this year large numbers of Koreans begin immigrating to the U.S. Japan's GNP climbs 12% to $140B, passing West Germany ($130B) to become the free world's #2 economic power after the U.S. ($860B); per capita income lags at a cruddy $921. In the U.S. 7.3% of nonwhites are unemployed vs. 3.4% of whites, 41% of nonwhite families make less than $3.3K per year vs. 12% of white families, and 29% of blacks live in substandard housing vs. 8% of whites. U.S. single-family home median sales price: $20K ($28.9K in 1973, $38.1K in 1976). TV ownership: U.S.: 78M; Soviet Union: 25M; Britain: 19M; West Germany: 13.5M; France: 10M. U.S. advertising revenue: TV: $2B; radio revenue: $1B. Auto/truck production (cars/trucks): U.S.: 8.8M/2M; Germany: 2.5M/600K; Japan: 2.1M/2M; Britain: 1.7M/400K; France: 1.8M/240K; Italy: 1.5M/115K. Skyjacking (aircraft hijacking) peaks this year through 1972. By this year the African continent, which was completely white-controlled a decade ago, is controlled S of the Sahara by black regimes in every country except Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Mozambique, Rhodesia, South Africa, and South-West Africa (Namibia); in another six years only Rhodesia, South Africa, and South-West Africa will be controlled by whites - I'm just a hunka hunka burnin' love? This is the U.N. Internat. Year of Human Rights. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Indiana 14-3 to win the 1968 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 Hungary begins the New Economic Mechanism, a series of decentralizing reforms and liberal economic policies attempting to increase agricultural production; paprika-lucky Hungary is allowed more market mechanisms and small businesses than most other Commie countries. On Jan. 3 a savage U.S. assault in the Queson Valley of South Vietnam kills 329 North Vietnamese - on paper? Let's forget the past, or, Your mouth, mouth, mouth? Czechoslovakia plays cat and mouse with the Soviet Bear and gets eaten? On Jan. 5 the Prague Spring begins when Leonid Brezhnev replaces repressive (since 1957) Antonin Novotny (1904-75) as first secy. of the Czech Communist Party with indubitably liberal Alexander Dubcek (1921-92) (until Apr. 17, 1969); on Mar. 22 Dubcek announces liberal dem. reforms to implement "Socialism with a human face"; on Mar. 30 (as a hedge or a cover-story?); Moravian-born Communist hardliner war hero Ludvik Svoboda (1895-1979) is elected Czech pres. #8 (until May 28, 1975), then on Apr. 7 centrist fuel minister (son of a miner) Oldrich Cernik (1921-94) becomes PM (until Jan. 28, 1970); on Apr. 19 the secy. of the nat. assembly promises rehabilitation of political prisoners and freedom of the press, assembly and religion, and on June 27 does as promised; both Dubcek and Svoboda turn down invites to conferences in Moscow and Warsaw, although they receive support from Tito of Yugoslavia and Ceausescu of Romania - what's that creaking noise on the frontier? On Jan. 5 the U.S. launches Operation Niagara to map NVA positions around Khe Sanh and provide an air umbrella (ends Mar.); meanwhile the U.S. loses its 10,000th plane over Vietnam - I found a giant jawbone, I found a shoe? On Jan. 6 a passenger train derails in Nixon, er, Hixon, England, killing 11 and injuring 45. On Jan. 7 (1:30 a.m. EST) the U.S. launches Surveyor 7 from Cape Kennedy, Fla.; on Jan. 9 (8:05:36 p.m. EST) it makes the first-ever soft landing on the Moon 29 mi. N of Tycho Crater in the lunar highlands, analyzing the lunar soil and sending back 3,343 boring pictures; thus ends the boring U.S. unmanned lunar exploration program; meanwhile the increasingly Armageddon-like situation on Earth causes everybody to keep space in the back of their minds as humanity's only ultimate escape option? On Jan. 7 the U.S. first class postal rate climbs to 6 cents. On Jan. 7 FM radio station KMPX in San Francisco, Calif. holds a listener survey to determine the best candidate for a pro-grass tricket, and they select Bob Dylan for pres., Paul Butterfield for vice-pres., George Harrison for U.N. ambassador, Jefferson Airplane as secy. of transportation, and the Grateful Dead as atty.-gen.; on Msr. 18 the KMPX staff goes on strike, and the mgt. kicks them out on May 13, causing several rock groups incl. the Rolling Stones and Grateful Dead to prohibit them from playing their music. On Jan. 7-8 Israeli PM Levi Eshkol visits Pres. Johnson at his Texas ranch to request more weapons. On Jan. 8 after his first documentary "Conshelf Adventure" debuts on ABC-TV on Sept. 15, 1966, French "Captain" Jacques Yves Cousteau (1910-97) debuts as host of the ABC-TV documentary series The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau for 36 episodes(until May 30, 1976). On Jan. 9 Liberal Party head Sir John Grey Gorton (1911-2002) is elected party leader, and on Jan. 10 becomes PM #19 of Australia (until Mar. 10, 1971), succeeding interim PM John McEwen, and supporting U.S. policy in Vietnam. On Jan. 9, 1968 the action-adventure series It Takes a Thief debuts on ABC-TV for 66 episodes (until Mar. 24, 1970), inspired by the 1955 Alfred Hitchcock film "To Catch a Thief", starring Robert John Wagner Jr. (1930-) as sophisticated thief Alexander Mundy, who works for the U.S. govt. in exchange for his release from prison; Malachi Throne (1928-2013) plays his boss Noah Bain. On Jan. 11 GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) II (Explorer 36) is launched from Vandenberg AFB, Calif., becoming the first satellite equipped with an integral heat pipe. On Jan. 12 Congo pres. Alphonse Massamba-Debat dismisses the PM, declaring his office superfluous. On Jan. 12 the Supremes appear in an episode of "Tarzan" on NBC-TV, playing a group of nuns. On Jan. 12-18 Hurricane (Storm) Q in C Scotland kills 20 incl. 9 in Glasgow, and leaves 700 homeless, becoming the worst natural disaster in C Scotland in modern times; 134 mph wind gusts are recorded at Great Dun Fell in Cumbria, England, becoming the strongest wind gust recorded in the U.K. (until 1986 at Cairn Gorm). On Jan. 13 the U.S. shifts most of its air targets from North Vietnam to Laos; Richard Etchberger dies in Laos, and his Medal of Honor is delayed until Sept. 4, 2010 because LBJ won't officially admit that the U.S. has troops there. On Jan. 13 Johnny Cash gives his famous Folsom Prison Concert. On Jan. 14 Super Bowl II (2) (1968) is held in Miami, Fla. in the Orange Bowl; the Green Bay Packers (NFL) defeat the Oakland Raiders (AFL) 33-14; Packers QB Bart Starr is MVP for the 2nd straight time; Vince Lombardi is carried off the field for the last time after nine years as Packers coach; Raiders QB (1967-74) Daryle Pat "the Fireman" "the Mad Bomber" Lamonica (1941-) completes 15 of 34 passes for 2 TDs. On Jan. 15 the 90th U.S. Congress (begun Jan. 3, 1967) opens its 2nd session in Washington, D.C. (ends Jan. 3, 1969); former U.S. Rep. (R-Mont.) (1917-19, 1941-3) Jeannette Pickering Rankin (1880-1973) (first female U.S. Rep., known for voting against U.S. entry into WWI and WWII) leads 5K women of the Jeannette Rankin Brigade in a march on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C. to protest the Vietnam War and show some woman power - does that make you cra-a-a-zy? On Jan. 15 an earthquake in W Sicily kills 231 and injures 262. On Jan. 16 British PM Harold Wilson announces that Britain will end all "East of Suez" Far East military presence by 1971 as an austerity measure. On Jan. 16 U.S. military aide Lt. Cmdr. Ernest A. Munro is assassinated by Communist guerrillas while returning to the U.S. embassy in Guatemala. On Jan. 17 LBJ's Fifth State of the Union Message touches on the Vietnam War, unemployment, poverty, crime and urban decay. On Jan. 18 the U.N. Disarmament Committee convenes in Geneva for its 13th session. On Jan. 18 black entertainer Eartha Kitt (1927-2008) links the high U.S. crime rate to the escalation of the Vietnam War at a White House luncheon given by Lady Bird Johnson for about 50 white and black women to discuss urban crime, with the soundbyte "You send the best of this country off to be shot and maimed, and they rebel in the street." On Jan. 19 Colombia and the Soviet Union resume diplomatic relations for the first time since 1948. On Jan. 19 Cambodia claims that U.S. and South Vietnamese troops crossed their border and killed three Cambodians. I'll kill you, I'm not gonna crack? On Jan. 20-21 (night) after the U.S. deliberately lets the North Vietnamese build its forces up around the strategic 5K-man U.S. Marine base at Khe Sanh (which commands a major road junction and infiltration route S of the DMZ) so they will have more to shoot at, the Battle of Khe Sanh begins as 16-20K North Vietnamese troops under Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap (1911-2013) (who kicked French butt at Dien Bien Phu in 1954) go on the attack, causing the U.S. to withdraw on Jan. 21-22 under a heavy artillery barrage, which gets lucky and hits the main ammo dump, killing 18, wounding 40, and destroying 90% of the ammo, turning the Marines into cornered rats, while the U.S. press compares them to Dien Bien Phu; on Apr. 1 after Pres. Johnson tells the Joint Chiefs of Staff "I don't want any damn Dinbinfoo", and issues orders to the Marines to hold the base while demanding a guarantee "signed in blood" from the JCS to help them, Operation Pegasus begins to relieve the base, with three B-52s dropping 110K tons of bombs 24/7; on Apr. 6 the siege is lifted after 76 days. On Jan. 20-Feb. 3 the Caen Strike in Normandy starts with a trucking union strike, then spreads to other workers, with 7K storming the central square on Jan. 26, causing the police to arrive, injuring 200 and arresting dozens; by Jan. 30 15K go on strike, causing the authorities to crack and offer 3%-4% wage increases on Feb. 2. On Jan. 21 a U.S. B-52 loaded with nukes crashes in North Star Bay, Greenland. On Jan. 21 the restored Ford's Theatre (scene of Lincoln's 1865 assassination) reopens in Washington, D.C., and is dedicated by Vice-Pres. Hubert Humphrey. On Jan. 21 a 31-man North Korean paramilitary unit disguised as South Korean soldiers assaults the Bue House, home of South Korean pres. Park Chung-hee, but are stopped 800m away by police, then give nervous replies, giving themselves away, after which 39 commandos are killed, and two escape, only to be tracked down and killed; in response Seoul organizes Unit 684, an assassination squad that isn't disbanded until 1971. On Jan. 22 Apollo 5 is launched from Cape Kennedy, Fla. U.S. evening TV becomes a political veapon? On Jan. 22 (Mon.) Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In debuts on NBC-TV for 140 episodes (until May 14, 1973) to cheer up a jittery America, hosted by stand-up comedians Dan Rowan (1922-87) and Dick Martin (1922-2008), who begin the standing joke format (later adopted by the Smothers Brothers) of pretending not to be too obvious about being against the Vietnam War as well as totally politically and socially liberal, despite the jokes ridiculing the KKK, NRA, Pentagon et al.; the anti-establishment show makes a star of ditzy blonde Goldie Jeanne Hawn (1945-) ("My I.Q. has never been questioned; come to think of it, it has never been mentioned"), along with Arthur Stanton Eric "Arte" Johnson (1929-) ("Ve-e-e-ry interesting, but stupid"), Ruth Buzzi (1936-), Judy Carne (Joyce Audrey Botterill) (1939-2015) "Sock it to me!", JoAnne Worley (1937-) ("Is that a chicken joke?"), and Mary Jean "Lily" Tomlin (1939-), introducing "Look that up in your Funk and Wagnalls", "You bet your bippy", and "Heah come de judge" to the Am. lexicon; what uncanny luck debuting eight days before the Tet Offensive?; "Say good night, Dick"; "Good night Dick". On Jan. 22-24 British PM Harold Wilson meets with Soviet PM Aleksei N. Kosygin in Moscow about a "political settlement" of the Vietnam War; on Feb. 7 after the Pueblo Incident he confers with Pres. Johnson in Washington, D.C. On Jan. 23 North Korea seizes the intelligence ship USS Pueblo (AGER-2)_ and its 83-man crew, commanded by Pocatello, Idaho-born Lloyd Mark "Pete" Bucher (1927-2004) off the port of Wonsan in the Sea of Japan outside the 12-mi. limit, charging them with being on a spying mission; Bucher utters the soundbyte "I was not commanding a ship of war, I was commanding an auxiliary ship"; one crew member is killed, and the rest are held captive for 11 mo; meanwhile last minute attempts to destroy classified info. and espionage equipment are thwarted, seriously compromising U.S. security; on Apr. 15 a U.S. intel plane is shot down 90 mi. off the Korean coast. On Jan. 25 the British-built Israeli sub INS Dakar is lost in the Mediterranean on its maiden voyage, killing all 69 aboard; it is not found until 1999. On Jan. 25-31 Soviet PM Kosygin visits India, resulting in a joint declaration calling for an unconditional end to U.S. bombing in North Vietnam. On Jan. 27 a French sub sinks in the Mediterranean, killing all 52 aboard - in the secret Mediterranean sub war of '68? On Jan. 29 "extensive enemy build-up" causes South Vietnam to cancel the Tet (Lunar New Year) truce. On Jan. 31 West Germany and Yugoslavia resume diplomatic relations for the first time since 1957. On Jan. 31 the 8-sq.-mi. phosphate-rich South Pacific island of Nauru (pop. 7K) (former German colony) becomes an independent repub., with head chief (since 1955) Hammer de Roburt (1922-92) as chmn. of the council of state and pres. (until 1989). Tut tut tut, it's Tet? On Jan. 30 (night)-Mar. 7 the surprise Tet Offensive sees 84K Viet Cong guerrillas and NVA troops attack all U.S. bases in Vietnam (36 South Vietnamese provincial capitals, 60 towns and five large cities); Saigon is attacked, incl. the airfield, pres. palace, and U.S. embassy by 17 Viet Cong commandos (Jan. 31), freaking out the TV-watching U.S. public after years of TV news assuring them that the enemy is almost kaput; luckily U.S. Col. (later Gen., last cmdr. of U.S. military ops in Vietnam in 1972-3) Frederick Carlton "Fred" Weyand (1916-2010) (a WWII vet) sensed the attack and had troops positioned to protect Saigon, and on Feb. 1 they drive the North Vietnamese out of Tan Son Nhut Airport, stopping a possible capture of the South Vietnamese military HQ; on Feb. 1 Saigon police chief Gen. Nguyen Ngoc Loan (1921-98) executes a plaid-shirt-wearing Viet Cong Lt. with a Nazi-style pistol shot to the head in the street in a scene captured in a famous News Photo of a 1968 Street Execution of a Captured Viet Cong (The Saigon Execution) by AP photographer Eddie Adams (1933-2004) (along with color footage by NBC cameraman Vo Suu), which becomes a crystallizer of popular opposition to the war, saying everything about the senseless chaos and why the U.S. has no business being halfway around the world, although the real story that the whole week was marked by thousands of insurgents being killed while the latter do their bad deeds also, wreaking atrocities on civilians incl. beheading of women and children, and that the VC Lt. was the leader of a terrorist gang who killed the family of one of Loan's deputy cmdrs. is lost in the confusion of mass change of public opinion balance; "Two people died in that photograph; the general killed the Viet Cong; I killed the general with my camera" (Adams); the same day (Feb. 1) Elvis and Priscilla Presley give birth to their daughter Lisa Marie Presley (1968-); Nguyen Ngoc Loan leaves Vietnam in 1975, and opens a pizza restaurant in Va. until public disclosure causes him to close it in 1991; all 105 cities attacked are successfully defended by Mar. 7, with 11K total dead, but it is a psychological V for the Viet Cong, causing the U.S. pop. to begin turning against the war irreversibly, helped on Feb. 8 by Robert F. Kennedy (always at the forefront?) publicly stating that the U.S. cannot win the war; meanwhile during the Tet Offensive anti-Vietnam War activists Rev. Daniel Berrigan (1921-) (a Jesuit) and historian Howard Zinn (1922-2010) visit Hanoi, getting three U.S. POW airmen released (first of the war); Zinn goes on to edit "The Pentagon Papers" for Daniel Ellsberg - a shoe-in to win the pres. nomination now? In Jan. Columbia U. poet Kenneth Koch (1925-2002), known for standing on a table to shout lines by Walt Whitman (the real Dead Poets Society?) is accosted during a poetry reading at St. Mark's Church by the anti-art group Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers; after a member points a pistol at him and fires a blank while shouting "Koch!", he responds "Grow up" - you're now free to move about the country? On Feb. 5-7 a federal-provincial conference is established in Canada to prepare a new constitution. On Feb. 6-18 the X (10th) Winter Olympic Games in Grenoble, France feature 1,158 athletes (947 men, 211 women) from 37 countries competing in 35 events in 6 sports and 10 disciplines, and are the first games with an official mascot, Schuss; the first Olympics broadcast in color, and first to use Bugler's Dream by Leo Arnaud as the Olympic theme; sex tests for woman are introduced, along with doping control tests; Norway wins 14 medals (6 gold, 6 silver, 2 bronze); the East German women's luge team wins gold and silver, only to be disqualified for heating their runners; on Feb. 10 figure skater 5'4" Peggy Gail Fleming (1948-) wins the only gold medal for the U.S., helping making the Winter Olympics popular in the U.S. along with Killy and Sabich; 5'10" Jean-Claude Killy (1943-) wins three golds for France in men's alpine skiing, matching the 1956 record set by Austria's Toni Sailer; too bad, Karl Schranz of Austria claims that a mysterious man dressed in black crossed his path during the slalom race, forcing him to skid to a halt; after a restart, Schranz beats Killy's time, but a jury disqualifies him and gives the medal to Killy; 5'11" U.S. skier Vladimir Peter "Spider" Sabich (1945-76) finishes 5th in the slalom, his handsome face and body causing skiing to become more popular in the U.S., soon being cloned in the 1969 film "Downhill Racer", even though he never amounts to much professionally, and later makes headlines by getting fatally shot by his actress-singer girlfriend Claudine Georgette Longet (1942-), ex-wife (1961-75) of singer Andy Williams. On Feb. 7 the $100M Andean Development Corp. Accord is signed in Bogota by Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. On Feb. 6-7 Langvei U.S. Special Forces Base in South Vietnam for special ops into Laos and North Vietnam falls to the Communists after an 18-hour siege and tank battle, killing half of the 500 defenders. On Feb. 8 British Leyland Motor Corp. Ltd. is created by a merger of 2-y.-o. British Motor Holdings Ltd. and Leyland Motor Corp. Ltd. On Feb. 8 a civil rights protest in a whites-only bowling alley in Orangeburg, S.C. is broken-up by highway patrolmen, killing three college students, later becoming known as the Orangeburg Massacre. On Feb. 11 clashes take place on the Israel-Jordan border. On Feb. 13 the U. of Wisc. in Madison and the U. of N.C. in Chapel Hill are rocked by civil rights disturbances. On Feb. 14 $5B Penn Central is created by a merger of the Pennsylvania and New York Central railroads after Penn Central pres. James Miller Symes (1897-) promotes the idea to fight competition by trucks, cars, and airlines; it goes bankrupt in two years, and folds in 1976. On Feb. 15 Radical Liberal Party leader Hilmar Baunsgaard (1920-89) succeeds Jens Otto Krag (since 1962) as PM of Denmark (until 1971), ending 14 years of Social Dem. rule. On Feb. 16 the first 911 emergency telephone system is inaugurated in Haleyville, Ala. by a call from the mayor; New York City claims it has the first; by 1977 600 U.S. cities with a total pop. of 38M have them - something prophetic about this? On Feb. 17 Romania is divided into 39 counties. On Feb. 17 Thomas J. Boynton hijacks a private chartered Piper Apache from Marathon, Fla. to Cuba; after returning to the U.S. on Nov. 1, 1969, he is sentenced to 20 years for kidnapping. On Feb. 18 Great Britain goes off Greenwich Mean Time, and moves its clocks one hour ahead to coincide with West European time. On Feb. 19 Harvard U. historian Clarence Crane Brinton (1898-1968), author of "The Anatomy of a Revolution" (1938) testifies at the Fulbright Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, saying that Americans love revolutions but not Commie ones before dying on Sept. 7. On Feb. 19 Jacobus Johannes "Jim" Fouche (Fouché) (1898-1980) is picked to succeed South African pres.-elect Dr. Theophilus Eben Donges, who dies before he can take office; Fouche becomes South African pres. #2, the only one to serve his full 7-year term (until 1975). On Feb. 19 an internat. commission awards 300 sq. mi. of the disputed uninhabited Rann of Kutch salt marsh to Pakistan, and the remaining 3.2K sq. mi. to India. On Feb. 19 the daytime children's show Mister Rogers' Neighborhood debuts on PBS (until Aug. 31, 2001), starring Fred McFeely Rogers (1928-2003) (who started the show in 1963 in Toronto, Ont., Canada as "Misterogers", followed on May 25, 1967 on WQED Pittsburgh), becoming famous for beginning each show with the song It's a Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood and asking "Won't you be my neighbor?" while donning a sweater and changing into sneakers, then talking to the Land-of-Make-Believe puppets. On Feb. 21 a Delta Airlines jet carrying 169 passengers from Tampa, Fla. to Cuba is hijacked by Lawrence Rhodes, starting a trend, leading to airport searches of passengers and luggage; after surrendering in Spain on Feb. 10, 1970, he ends up in a mental institution, then gets 25 years for robbery on July 17, 1972 - my name is minimus maximus? On Feb. 22 after a spiritual epiphany in Nickajack Cave N of Chattanooga in Tenn. causes him to give up his amphetamine-barbituate addictions, country singer John R. "Johnny" Cash (1932-2003) proposes onstage at London Gardens in London, Ont. to twice-married fellow country singer June Valerie Carter (1929-2003) and marries her on Mar. 1 in Franklin, Ky., after which he becomes a regular at the Christian Evangel Temple in Nashville. On Feb. 24 the ancient capital city of Hue is finally cleansed of Viet Cong, although it is reduced to rubble, becoming the last major North Vietnamese stronghold cleared, and halting the Tet Offensive (begun Jan. 30). On Feb. 27 Walter Cronkite comments on his nightly news broadcast that "To say we are mired in a stalemate [in Vietnam] is the only if not satisfactory conclusion." On Feb. 29 after getting pissed-off at the Tet Offensive, U.S. defense secy. (since 1961) Robert Strange McNamara (1916-2009) resigns to become pres. of the World Bank (until 1981), and on Mar. 1 is succeeded by Kan.-born Clark Clifford (1906-98), who becomes U.S. defense secy. #9 (until Jan. 20, 1969), working to extricate the U.S. from that "wretched conflict in Vietnam". On Feb. 29 Archbishop Makarios (reelected Feb. 25) is inaugurated to a 2nd 5-year term as pres. of Cyprus. On Feb. 29 Leopold Sedar Senghor (reelected Feb. 25) is inaugurated to a 3rd term as pres. of Senegal. On Feb. 29 Romania walks out of a Communist Party conference in Budapest in a dispute over Communist China. On Feb. 29 the Kerner Report is issued, concluding that "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal", and blames the black riots in U.S. cities on white racism, noting that 400K housing units have been destroyed by white-run urban renewal, and only 10K new units built for blacks to replace them; the report is made public on Mar. 2 - move along, move along? In Feb. the Canadian Broadcasting Act of 1968 (effective Apr. 1) replaces the 32-y.-o. Canadian Radio-Television Commission (CRTC) with the Canadian Broadcasting Corp. (CBC), emphasizing ownership and control of media by Canadians, with bilingual predominantly Canadian programming. By spring there are 30 college demonstrations taking place a month throughout the U.S., and even high schools and junior highs are joining in; in Feb. hundreds of 8th graders take over Junior High School 258 in the Bedford-Stuyvestant section of Brooklyn and set off fire alarms to demand better food and more dances - everybody hates Chris? In Feb. Gabon invites the Quebec minister of education to attend a conference as a rep. of a sovereign state, pissing Canada off and causing it break off relations, blaming France for using it as a front. In Feb. black sanitation workers in Memphis, Tenn., led by white (son of Austrian-Hungarian immigrants) Jerry Wurf (1919-81) of the Am. Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees go on strike after white mayor (1960-3, 1968-71) Henry Loeb III (a Jew who converted to Episcopalian after the last election) refuses to recognize the union, and segregationist whites back him up - why ain't them darkies thankful for what we give them? In Feb. Hershey Chocolate reduces the size of its 10-cent Hershey Bar 1-3/4 oz. to 1-1/2 oz., and in May reduces its 5-cent Hershey Bar from 7/8 oz. to 3/4 oz. In Mar. 1 a Gallup poll indicates that only 36% of the U.S. pop. approves of Pres. Johnson's conduct of the presidency. On Mar. 1 Urho K. Kekkonen (elected in Jan.) is inaugurated to a 3rd 6-year term as pres. of Finland. On Mar. 2 the Soviet Union launches the Zond IV satellite; on Mar. 3 it breaks up on reentry, producing hundreds of UFO reports. On Mar. 3 Mauno Henrik Koivisto (1923-2017) becomes PM #32 of Finland (until May 14, 1970) with a 5-party coalition, succeeding Social Dem. Rafael Paasio. On Mar. 4 FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover issues a Memo on Black Nationalist Hate-Groups, ordering a "counter-intelligence program" to stop the "Mau Maus" from taking over the U.S. and prevent the rise of a "black messiah", saying that MLK Jr. "could be a very real contender for this position should he abandon his supposed obedience to white, liberal doctrines (nonviolence) and embrace black nationalism". On Mar. 4 the OGO (Orbiting Geophysical Observatory) V is launched from Cape Kennedy, Fla. On Mar. 5 the Explorer 37 spacecraft is launched from Wallops Island, Va. On Mar. 6 Am. Airlines CEO (since 1934) Cyrus Rowlett Smith (1899-1990) succeeds Alexander B. Trowbridge as U.S. commerce secy. (until 1969); too bad, after firing three of his four secys. on day one, the culture shock of govt. bureaucracy causes him to quit early. On Mar. 7 the Battle of Saigon ends. On Mar. 8 a Soviet sub code-named K129 sinks in the Pacific near Hawaii at a depth of almost 20K ft.; the USS Halibut (the first nuclear powered guided mission sub) finds it 6 mo. later and recovers three nuclear missiles, Soviet code books and an encryption machine. On Mar. 9 Gen. Westmoreland requests 206K more troops for Vietnam. On Mar. 10 Irish education minister Donagh Brendan O'Malley (b. 1922) dies suddenly in his native Limerick, sparking sympathy to implement his program of free secondary education. On Mar. 12 peace candidate Wisc. Sen. "Clean Gene" Eugene McCarthy (1916-2005) gets 42% of the vote and comes within 230 votes of ousting incumbent LBJ in the N.Y. Dem. primary after economist John Kenneth Galbraith breaks with LBJ over the Vietnam War and switches to him, after which Jewish-Am. writer Jeremy Larner (1937-) becomes his speechwriter. On Mar. 12 the British colony of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean 1200 mi. off the SE coast of Africa becomes an independent nation in the British Commonwealth after 158 years of British colonial rule (since 1810), with Gandhi-admirer ("Father of Mauritius") Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (1900-85) of the Labor Party as PM (until June 16, 1982); the Flag of Mauritius is four horizontal stripes, red for the blood shed in the struggle for independence, blue for the Indian Ocean, yellow for the light of independence, and green for the island's lush vegetation; the celebrations are marred by rioting, and after the economy see-saws in the 1970s many emigrate to Britain, Canada and Australia. On Mar. 12 three Cuban fugitives hijack a DC-8 from Tampa, Fla. to Cuba. On Mar. 13 a Phantom fighter jet based at the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground near Skull Valley, Utah, 85 mi. SW of Salt Lake City accidentally sprays 20 lbs. of VX nerve gas beyond its target grid, and winds carry the gas 30 mi., killing birds, rabbits, and 6.4K sheep, and causing ranchers to report health problems; after a coverup attempt the U.S. Army pays $1M+ to victims. On Mar. 14 the Federal Reserve Board raises the lending rate from 4% to 5% after a gold-buying spree abroad (followed on Apr. 18 by another 0.5%); on Mar. 15 the U.S. Mint halts the practice of buying and selling gold, and on Mar. 17 the U.S. and six West European countries agree to end sales to private buyers, with the U.S. price to other govts. remaining at $35 an ounce, while the free market price is allowed to fluctuate; on Mar. 19 Pres. Johnson signs legislation ending U.S. backing of its currency with gold, pissing-off right wingers at this "betrayal". On Mar. 14 Somalian PM Mohammed Ibrahim Egal meets with Pres. Johnson in Washington, D.C. On Mar. 14 the Panamanian Nat. Assembly votes to impeach pres. (since 1964) Marco A. Robles for misuse of public funds, and he calls on the Nat. Guard to keep him in power, causing street fighting on Mar. 24-29. On Mar. 15 after showing up drunk at a meeting of the Privy Council, British foreign secy. (since Aug. 11, 1966) George Brown resigns. On Mar. 16 Pres. Johnson decides to send another 35K-50K troops to Vietnam. On Mar. 16 in South Vietnam's Quang Ngai Province the My Lai (Song My) Massacre of 350-500 men, women, and children carried out by U.S. troops of the 11th Infantry Brigade of the Am. Div., C Co., 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry, under orders of Army Lt. William Laws "Rusty Calley Jr. (1943-) (William callously breaks the laws?) in retaliation for the Viet Cong killing of a popular sgt. stinks up the U.S. name in Vietnam, although it is buried, er, covered-up for a year; La.-born warrant officer Hugh C. Thompson Jr. (1943-2006) and his recon heli crew try to stop the massacre, landing and rescuing a dozen villagers, then get ostracised for it; after two soldiers write their congressmen about it, the U.S. Army puts up-and-coming African-Am. Maj. Colin Luther Powell (1937-) in charge of an investigation, who later writes "In direct refutation of this portrayal is the fact that relations between American soldiers and the Vietnamese people are excellent." On Mar. 17 after a rally by 10K in Trafalgar Square in London, a demonstration by 8K in Grosvenor Square against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War sees actress Vanessa Redgrave permitted to enter the U.S. Embassy with three supporters to deliver the message, after which the protest grows violent, and 91 police are injured while arresting 200+; Mick Jagger writes Street Fighting Man to commemorate it. On Mar. 18 encouraged by the Mar. 12 results of Eugene McCarthy, Mass. Dem. Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy (1925-68) joins the U.S. pres. race, with Frank Mankiewicz (1924-) (son of "Citizen Kane" screenwriter Herman Mankiewicz) as his press secy. - hey, my name is on the space center in Fla.? On Mar. 18 the U.S. and and six inflation-plagued West European nations agree to supply no more gold to private buyers, and the U.S. Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back U.S. currency. On Mar. 18 the Jabidah (Corregidor) Massacre sees the Philippines army massacre 28 Moro Muslim recruits, triggering an insurgency in the S Philippines and the creation of the separatist Moro Nat. Liberation Front (MNLF), followed by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) in 1981, and the Abu Sayyaf Group (SAG) in 1991. On Mar. 19-23 Paraguayan pres. Alfredo Stoessner meets with Pres. Johnson in Washington, D.C., then goes to New York City. On Mar. 21 Israel attacks a PLO base in Jordan, inflicting heavy losses but boosting PLO membership. On Mar. 21 a student is arrested during a demonstration against the head office of the Am. Express in Paris, causing student outbreaks to begin at the U. of Nanterre outside Paris on Mar. 22, leading to the big student uprising in May. On Mar. 22 Gen. William C. Westmoreland is relieved of his duties in the wake of the Tet disaster, returning to the U.S. as Army chief of staff until his 1972 retirement, and on June 11 he is succeeded by Lloyd Bridges lookalike Gen. Creighton Williams Abrams III (1914-74), who reverses Westmoreland's aggressive strategy of attrition of enemy forces, ending major search-and-destroy missions (which have been given a bad name by the press) and focusing on the nicer-sounding protection of pop. centers; meanwhile on July 1 William Egan Colby (1920-96) takes charge of the CIA pacification campaign known as the Phoenix Program to help the South Vietnamese govt. root out (don't say search) and pacify (don't say destroy) the civilian infrastucture supporting the Viet Cong, eventually assassinating 20K-60K suspected Viet Cong in Vietnamese villages (ends 1972) - justice the American way? On Mar. 22 Red Lobster seafood restaurant chain is founded in Lakeland, Fla. by William 'Bill' Darden (1918-94) and Charley Woodsby, with the slogan "Harbor for Seafood Lovers", later "Fresh fish - live lobster"; in 1970 Gen. Mills acquires it. On Mar. 25 French-speaking Guinea, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal form the Org. of Senegal River States - tres bien? On Mar. 27 Soviet cosmonaut (first man in space) Yuri A. Gagarin (b. 1934) is killed in a plane crash while test-flying it. On Mar. 28 the U.S. loses its first aircraft in Vietnam, an F-111 - first that it will admit to? On Mar. 28 a riot erupts during a protest march led by Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tenn. for the sanitation strike. On Mar. 30 the U.S. and Canada extend their joint agreement for the North Am. Air Defense Command (NORAD) in Colo. Springs, Colo. and North Bay, Ont. for another five years. JFK was right all along and we had him bumped off for nothing? On Mar. 31 (Sun. evening) Pres. Johnson orders an end to bombing of North Vietnam N of the 20th parallel, and asks Ho Chi Minh "to respond positively and favorably to this new step toward peace"; Gen. William C. Westmoreland utters the soundbyte "The enemy has been defeated at every turn"; Johnson then stuns the nation by announcing that "I shall not seek and I will not accept the nomination of my party as your president"; he did it to concentrate on the Vietnam War, or because he realized that JFK was right about Vietnam and they killed him for nothing?; the next day the stock market soars, and on Apr. 3 North Vietnam agrees to schedule preliminary peace talks with the U.S.; LBJ's advisor Arthur Hobson Dean (1898-1987) is instrumental in persuading him to halt the bombing and not run for reelection; Jewish New York civil-rights atty. and anti-Vietnam War activist Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (1929-80) leads the public opposition to another term for LBJ. On Mar. 31 a new 1968 Dahomey Constitution is promulgated by the new regime. In Mar. the Communist govt. of Poland launches a campaign against dissident intellectuals and students, stripping 12K-20K Jews and people of Jewish origin of their citizenship and forcing them to leave the country; in Mar. 1998 they are invited to return by pres. Aleksandr Kwasniewski, who calls the episode a shameful page in Polish history. In Mar. Sony Corp. joins with CBS to found Sony/CBS Records, with $720M capitalization, becoming the first U.S.-Japan joint venture after Japanese capital deregulation; notice which name comes first? On Apr. 2 (midnight) bombs explode in two dept. stores in Frankfurt am Main, West Germany; Andreas Bernd Baader (1943-77) and his babe Gudrun Ensslin (1940-77) are later sentenced for arson, after which in May 1970 German left wing journalist Ulrike Marie Meinhof (1934-76) helps them break out of prison, and they all flee to a training camp run by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Fatah), after which they return to West Germany in 1970 and go on a terrorist spree under the name Red Army Faction AKA the Baader-Meinhof Gang; their chip-on-the-shoulder beliefs are a trail mix of Marxism, Maoism, and Islam - don't bad-mouth mein hof? Camera crews go out and bravely shoot what's going on here? No matter who's zooming whom this year, people find one thing they can agree on? On Apr. 3, after the Citizens Board of Inquiry Into Hunger and Malnutrition in the U.S. claims that federal food aid programs reach only 18% of the nation's poor, and that there is widespread hunger in 250 "hunger counties" in 23 states, causing him to travel across the U.S. to gather a "multiracial army of the poor" for a Poor People's March (Campaign) to Washington, D.C. on May 12-June 24, with the goal of forcing Congress to enact a Poor People's Bill of Rights while uttering the soundbytes that Congress has shown "hostility to the poor" while appropriating "military funds with alacrity and generosity", but only providing "poverty funds with miserliness", and causing Reader's Digest to warn of a possible "insurrection", MLK Jr. utters the soundbyte: "It really doesn't matter what happens now.... some began to... talk about the threats that were out, what would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers.... Like anybody, I would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place, but I'm not concerned about that now. I just want to do God's will. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over, and I've seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you, but I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land. And so I'm happy tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord." 4-4-6-8, what happened to 2 (Jr.?) Only 40 years from shooting uppity black leaders down to Barack Obama? On Apr. 4 (Thur.) 39-y.-o. Martin Luther King Jr. (b. 1929) is assassinated on the balcony of the black-owned Lorraine Motel in Memphis (where he is staying in Room 307) as he is about to lead demonstrations by striking black sanitation workers (on strike since Feb.), sparking Holy Week Riots in 126 U.S. cities for the next several days (worst in U.S. history since the U.S. Civil War), incl. Washington D.C., Chicago, Ill., Baltimore, Md., Kansas City, Mo., New York City, Detroit, Avondale, Cincinnati, Ohio, Miami, Fla., Pittsburgh, Penn., and Louisville, Ky., and Wilmington, Del., killing 46 (41 black), injuring 21K, and setting 2.6K fires; federal troops are called out to quell the riots in Washington D.C., Baltimore, and Chicago; Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley gives "shoot to kill" orders to police, who arrest 3K after nine are killed, 500 injured, and $11M property damaged; Baltimore has 5.8K arrests, six killed, 900 injured, and $14M in property damage; Washington, D.C. has 8K arrests (incl. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), who runs for mayor of New York afterward and gets 5% of the vote), 11 killed, 1K injured, and $24M in property damage, and the city's new black mayor Harold E. Washington pisses-off FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover by giving orders that looters are not to be shot; across the country 21.27K arrests are made, and 55K federal troops and Nat. Guardsmen are called out; on Apr. 4 Bobby Kennedy announces MLK Jr.'s death in Indianapolis, Ind., uttering the soundbyte "What we need in the United States is not division, what we need in the United States is not hatred, what we need in the United States is not violence or lawlessness, but love and wisdom, and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country, whether they be white or they be black"; a Nat. Day of Mourning is proclaimed by Pres. Johnson on Apr. 7 (Sun.); on Apr. 5 public statements by black singer James Joseph Brown (1933-2006) in Boston help calm blacks and prevent a riot; more public statements by NFL star James Nathaniel "Jim" Brown (1936-) do ditto ("Black isn't positive or negative, it's just a color"); NBC Monitor weekend radio show host Frank McGee (1921-74) had interviewed MLK Jr., asking him how he felt being a target for assassination, to which he responded that he had given serious thought to the possibility; on Apr. 8 King's widow takes her husband's place at the head of 42K demonstrators in Memphis; on Apr. 9 services for King attended by world leaders and celebs (no U.S. presidents) are held in Atlanta, Ga., after which Ga. gov. (1967-71) Lester Maddox denies him the honor of lying in state at the state capitol; MLK Jr.'s widow Coretta Scott King offers the unofficial leadership of the U.S. civil rights movement to famous entertainer Josephine Baker (1906-75), who declines; the murder is later pinned on white ex-con James Earl Ray (1928-98), who escaped in 1967 from the Miss. State Penitentiary, and who is arrested on June 8 at the London airport carrying a fraudulent Canadian passport under the name Ramon George Sneyd of Toronto by Scotland Yard detectives led by Thomas M.J. "Tom" Butler (1913-), and on July 19 he is put in Shelby County jail in Memphis; after receiving a 99-year sentence he later recants his confession, and doubts remain after his death - ties into the JFK and RFK assassinations, as LBJ's resignation is part of a deal to let Hoover gets his payback by having his enemy MLK Jr. bumped off while he runs the federal uninvestigation again? On Apr. 4 the Apollo 6 mission is launched, becoming the 2nd and last unmanned test flight of the Saturn V launch vehicle. On Apr. 5 HemisFair '68 is officially opened in San Antonio, Tex. by Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson; in Apr. La Quinta Inns is founded across the street from the fair by Samuel H. Barshop (1929-) and his brother Joseph Barshop to provide "limited service", basic accommodations for visitors with no restaurant, disco lounge or large meeting hall, and room rates averaging only $13 a night. On Apr. 5 U.S. army units relieve the Marines at Khe Sanh after 76 days, and on Apr. 6 the siege is officially declared ended; evacuation is complete by June 27. Congratuations a-wipe, don't screw the pooch? On Apr. 6 Canadian PM #14 (since Apr. 22, 1963) Lester Bowles Pearson announces his retirement, and on Apr. 20 liberal (pro gun control, abortion and gay rights) minister of justice Pierre Elliott Trudeau (1919-2000) is elected leader of the Liberal Party of Canada over 19 other candidates; on Apr. 20 he is sworn-in as Canadian PM #15 (until June 4, 1979), and on June 25 the Liberal Party wins a decisive V in nat. elections, giving Trudeau the first workable majority parliament since 1958; on July 5 he organizes an all-Liberal Party cabinet. On Apr. 6 17-y.-o. Black Panther Party treasurer Robert James "Lil' Bobby Hutton" (b. 1950) (first recruit to the Black Panthers) is killed (murdered?) in a gun battle with police in West Oakland, Calif., and in Nov. recently-released "Soul on Ice" jailbird writer Eldridge Cleaver (1935-98), who ran for U.S. pres. on the ticket of the Peace and Freedom Party and received 36,571 votes (0.05%), then arranged the ambush of the pigs and got shot and charged with attempted murder jumps bail and flees to Cuba and begins a 7-year exile, ending up in Algeria, where Timothy Leary joins him and gets put under "revolutionary arrest" for promoting drug use; Cleaver returns to the U.S. in 1975, becomes an evangelical Christian to make a plea bargain, and is sentenced to probation for assault. On Apr. 7 the Soviet Union launches the Luna 14 lunar probe. On Apr. 10 the 40th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1967 to United Artists's (Mirisch Corp.) In the Heat of the Night, along with best actor to Rod Steiger, and best dir. to Mike Nichols; best actress goes to Katharine Hepburn for Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, best supporting actor to George Kennedy for Cool Hand Luke, and best supporting actress to Estelle Parsons for Bonnie and Clyde. On Apr. 11 (one week after MLK's assassination) Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1968, which incl. Title VIII, prohibiting racial discrimination in the sale and rental of 80% of U.S. houses and apartments - it was all a govt. plot to get the bill passed and get a pest out of the way by activating a sleeper agent? On Apr. 11 German Marxist student leader Rudi "Red" Dutschke (1940-79) (known for the soundbyte "Jesus Christ is the greatest revolutionary") is shot in the head on Kurfurstendamm St. in Berlin by painter Josef Erwin Bachmann (1945-70), who then botches his own suicide and is given seven years in priz, later committing suicide there; on Apr. 11-15 the West Berlin Riots begin when left-wing students who blame its anti-radical campaign blockade the HQ of Springer Press in Berlin, and many are arrested, incl. Red Army Faction founder Ulrike Marie Meinhof (1934-76), spreading to other German cities. On Apr. 14-15 the Soviet Union launches Cosmos 112 and Cosmos 113 from Plesetsk; they maneuver together, dock, fly together for 3 hrs. 50 min., then separate - they need new soulmates? On Apr. 15-17 Pres. Johnson confers with the U.S. military cmdr. of South Vietnam and Pres. Park Chung-hee of South Korea in Honolulu; meanwhile on Apr. 15 the North Koreans shoot down a U.S. intel plane 90 mi. off the coast, raising tensions near the war point. On Apr. 16 the Pentagon announces the "Vietnamization" (coined by Herman Kahn) of the Vietnam war, claiming that U.S. troops will be coming home - alive or in coffins? On Apr. 18 counter-coup restores civilian rule in Sierra Leone under Siaka Stevens, who is sworn-in as PM #3 on Apr. 26 (until Apr. 21, 1971). On Apr. 18 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 249 to admit Mauritius; on Sept. 11 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 257 to admit Swaziland; on Nov. 6 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 260 to admit Equatorial Guinea. On Apr. 20 English politician John Enoch Powell (1912-98) delivers his controversial Rivers of Blood Speech in Birmingham, likening the tide of non-white immigrants in Britain to Vergil's saying about the Tiber River foaming with blood, expressing the xenophobia of millions of pure white Brits, while causing him to become labelled a racist and slammed for the left, er, right, er, rest of his life - especially as the name Enoch suggests an Old Testament style prophet, and they're always killed, right? On Apr. 22 the U.N. Space Rescue Treaty is signed by the U.S., U.K., and Soviet Union at separate ceremonies. On Apr. 22 the Int. Conference on Human Rights convenes in Tehran, Iran as part of the U.N. observance of the 20th anniv. of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - good place to hold it? On Apr. 22 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-3 in Ginsberg v. New York that although legal for adults, obscene material may be harmful to children, and its marketing may be regulated by the govt.; Justice William O. Douglas dissents, claiming that the First Amendment is absolute, the definition of obscenity is subjective, and there would be no theoretical limit to what groups the govt. can decide to "protect" from viewing it; Am. porno producers begin cranking out "white coaters", sex films introduced by a doctor in a white coat. On Apr. 23 the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church merge to form the United Methodist Church. On Apr. 23 Congo pres. Mobutu releases captured mercenaries. On Apr. 23 the British Exchequer issues the country's first 5-pence and 10-pence coins for the shift to the decimal system. The no-king rule rules brainy King's College? On Apr. 23 an 8-day sit-in begins at the 17.5K-student campus of Columbia U. in New York City, incl. students, the SDS, and black activists H. Rap Brown and Stokely Carmichael, protesting the you know what war as well as the construction of a gym in an area they claim is needed for low-cost housing, causing construction to halt on Apr. 25, after which the students, led by Mark William Rudd (1947-) of the SDS take over five bldgs. in a week-long sit-in, holding several officials hostage for 24 hours, and trashing the offices of pres. #14 (since 1958) Grayson Louis Kirk (1903-97), demanding amnesty for protesters, causing provost (since 1967) David Bicknell Truman (1934-) (who has already let them have a 2-week break between classes and finals and allowed men to close their dorm room doors when their babes are present) to call in the pigs on Apr. 30, who make 628 arrests; on May 5 classes are suspended, and a 2nd occupation of Hamilton Hall starting on May 17 ends with a police raid on May 22, with 17 pigs and 81 students injured, and 177 students arrested; 30 students end up suspended, and a number of students walk out of the graduation ceremony; Canadian-born people's choice semanticist Samuel Ichiye "S.I." Hayakawa (1906-92) is named the new pres., and reopens the campus on Dec. 2, then closes it early for the Christmas vacation to avoid having high school students join the protest; a commission appointed by the faculty concludes that "the seizure of the buildings was not simply the work of a few radicals" but "involved a significant portion of the student body who had become disenchanted with the operation of their university"; a commission appointed by the faculty concludes that "the seizure of the buildings was not simply the work of a few radicals" but "involved a significant portion of the student body who had become disenchanted with the operation of their university"; before the ruckus started, French-born historian Jacques Martin Barzun (1907-)2012 (provost and dean of the graduate school and faculties since 1955) was ridiculed for claiming that the liberal arts are "dead or dying". On Apr. 24 the U.N. admits Mauritius as its 124th member nation. On Apr. 25 Vice-Pres. Hubert H. Humphrey announces his candidacy for the Dem. pres. nomination. On Apr. 26 Oakhurst, Tex.-born LBJ advisor William Marvin Watson (1924-2017) succeeds Lawrence F. O'Brien as U.S. postmaster gen. #58 (until Jan. 20, 1969), going on to work for Armand Hammer at Occidental Petroleum, deliver a euology for LBJ's Jan. 1973 state funeral, and become pres. of Dallas Baptist College in 1979-87. On Apr. 26 the 1.2MT H-bomb Boxcar is exploded at the bottom of a 3.8K-ft. shaft in Pahute Mesa in the Nev. desert - had to stop the Mole Men? On Apr. 27 the British Abortion Act (passed last Oct.) comes into force after receiving royal assent late last year, overturning an 1861 law making abortion a crime under all circumstances, and making it legal if two registered physicians find that "continuance of pregnancy would involve risks to the life or injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman or the future well-being of herself or of the child or her children" - Jane said I ain't never been in love, don't know what it is? On Apr. 30-May 3 the North Vietnamese sieges Dong Ha Combat Base in the Battle of Dai Do, with 81 U.S. Marines KIA vs. 600+ PAVN guerrillas; Capt. James E. Livingston and Capt. Jay R. Vargas are awarded the Medal of Honor. In Apr. the Club of Rome think tank is founded at the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome, Italy by super-rich David Rockefeller and 30 brain people, incl. Italian industrialist Aurelio Peccei (1908-84) and Scottish scientist Alexander King (1909-2007), to discuss the long-term dismal future of overpopulated humanity using computerized predictions, going on to pub. the manifesto The Predicament of Mankind, followed by The Limits to Growth in 1972, followed by The First Global Revolution in 1991, containing the soundbytes: "The common enemy of humanity is man. In searching for a new enemy to unite us, we came up with the idea that pollution, the threat of global warming, water shortages, famine and the like would fit the bill. All these dangers are caused by human intervention, and it is only through changed attitudes and behavior that they can be overcome"; "The resultant ideal sustainable population is hence more than 500 million people but less than one billion"; future members incl. Henry Kissinger, Desmond Tutu, Ted Turner, Jimmy Carter, Mikhail Gorbachev, Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Bill Gates, Kofi Annan, Javier Perez de Cuellar, Gro Harlem Bruntland, and the Dalai Lama; "The Earth has cancer and the cancer is Man." - let's hope they only discuss stuff? On May 1-15 the U.S. sieges Nhi Ha, Vietnam. On May 2 the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) commences TV broadcasts. Prague has a whole spring, France gets just May? On May 2 (Thur.) the French May of 1968, a near-repeat of the 1789 French Rev. begins when student outbreaks that began on Mar. 22 spread to Paris' Latin Quarter (Sorbonne et al.), and erupt into student riots; on May 3 the police evacuate the Sorbonne after arresting 600 (100 injured), just making them madder; on May 6 (Mon.), AKA Bloody Monday hundreds of thousands of students riot; on May 10 and May 11 ("Night of the Barricades") students in the Latin Quarter erect cobblestone barricades, fly red flags, and overturn 188 cars, burning many of them with Molotov cocktails, injuring 1K, incl. 251 police; on May 11 the revolt spreads to 10M French workers, who begin striking; on May 18 pres. Charles de Gaulle cuts a visit to Romania short to return to Paris, and calls in troops, causing the students' rev. spirit to begin to dissipate, and the strikes to stop by May 27; after philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80) is arrested for civil disobedience, de Gaulle intervenes and pardons him, with the soundbyte "You don't arrest Voltaire"; on May 24 de Gaulle gives a radio address, calling for a referendum on reforms to end the violence, with the soundbyte "Back me or sack me"; on May 24 protesters set fire to the Paris Bourse after French-born German Jewish student Daniel Marc Cohn-Bendit ("Danny the Red") (1945-), who took part in the initial revolt in Nanterre is exiled as a threat to public order; after trade unions sign major agreements on wages and working conditions, workers begin returning to the job on May 27; on May 30-31 de Gaulle dissolves the French nat. assembly (parlement) and proclaims new gen. elections, which are held on June 23-30 and are a V for his Gaullists, giving them 358 of 487 seats, a repudiation of Communists and other radicals, causing his govt. to become stronger than before the big ruckus; meanwhile on Apr. 29 a Renault factory on Seguin Island is struck for 33 days until the govt. recognizes their union; after things calm down, de Gaulle appoints former agriculture minister Edgar Faure as education minister and gets a new law enacted to reform higher education, dissolving the U. of Paris and creating 13 new univs. in its place, incl. Paris-Sorbonne U., Pantheon-Assas U., Rene Descartes U., Pierre and Marie Curie U., Denis Diderot U., Pantheon-Sorbonne U., Sorbonne Nouvelle U., U. of Vincennes in Saint-Denis, Paris Dauphine U., U. of Paris Sud, U. of Paris Ouest, U. of Paris Est, and U. of Paris Nord. On May 5 Communists shell 110 towns and military areas in a new offensive in South Vietnam. On May 5 Spain closes its frontier with Gibraltar. On May 6 Neil Armstrong is nearly killed in a lunar module training accident. On May 8 after the efforts of detectives led by Leonard Ernest "Nipper" Read (1925-), the notorious London East End crime bosses known as the Kray Twins, Reginald "Reggie" Kray (1933-2000) and Ronald "Ronnie" Kray (1933-95), are finally arrested by police after attempting to become respectable by being seen with Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Diana Dors et al., and end up getting life in priz. On May 10 the U.S. Senate confirms Wilbur Joseph Cohen (1913-87), "the Man Who Built Medicare", "Mister Social Security" to succeed John W. Gardner as HEW secy., who resigned in Mar. (until 1969). On May 12 in Panama former pres. Arnulfo Arias defeats David Samudio, candidate of impeached pres. Marco A. Robles. On May 12-June 24 after Pres. Johnson's 1964 War on Poverty wakes them up to their potential of forming a lobby, the multiracial Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)-led Poor People's Campaign (Poor People's March on Washington), led by MLK Jr.'s SCLC successor Ralph Abernathy (1926-90) sees 50K-100 march from Marks, Miss. to Washington, D.C. to demonstrate for a $30B federal anti-poverty bill, setting up Resurrection City; with Abernathy uttering the soundbyte: "The poor are no longer divided. We are not going to let the white man put us down anymore. It's not white power, and I'll give you some news, it's not black power, either. It's poor power and we're going to use it"; on May 14 they arrive in Washington, D.C., set up shantytowns, and hold daily demonstrations; Mrs. King comes out of her hubby's shadow and gives a major speech; on June 19 (Juneteenth) Solidarity Day sees tens of thousands join Resurrection City. On May 13 prelminary peace talks on Vietnam begin in Paris, with U.S. chief delegate W. Averell Harriman (1896-1986) calling for restraint by North Vietnam in return for a total U.S. bombing halt, and North Vietnamese chief delegate Xuan Thuy (1912-85) talking about the "monstrous crimes" of the U.S. On May 15 severe thunderstorms produces tornadoes causing massive damage and heavy casualties in Charles City and Oelwein, Iowa, and Jonesboro, Ark. On May 15-16 Tunisian pres. (1957-87) Habib Bourguiba meets with Pres. Johnson in Washington, D.C. - hey I'd like to take this car for a test-drive? On May 16 (shortly before midnight) the 9-y.-o. U.S. nuclear-powered submarine Scorpion (101 crew) receives a top secret message to change course in the Atlantic and head for the Canary Islands; 33 min. later it surfaces at Rota, Spain, and transfers two crewmen ashore; it is last reported S of the Azores on May 21, and on May 22 it sinks in the Atlantic 400 mi. SW of the Azores, killing the entire crew, and is finally located on Oct. 31 in 2-mi.-deep water; official explanation is mechanical failure, but Soviet hanky-panky is suspected - after James Bond saves the ATAC in St. Cyril's? On May 17 10K gather in Sproul Plaza in Berkeley, Calif. for a special commencement for the graduating class who are about to be sent to Vietnam as "cannon fodder". On May 18 Galo Plaza Lasso (1906-87) of Ecuador begins a 5-year term as secy.-gen. #4 of the Org. of Am. States (OAS) (until 1975). On May 19-20 Nigerian troops capture Port Harcourt and cut Biafra off from the outside world. On May 21 Schneor Zalman Shazar (elected in Mar.) is inaugurated to a 2nd 5-year term as the pres. #3 of Israel. On May 21 CBS-TV airs Hunger in America, documenting conditions of deficiency diseases in "the world's most affluent nation", showing infants on a Navajo Rez suffering from marasmus (wasting away of flesh which thins their cheeks to the point where they can no longer suck); too bad, the Communistic appearance of the march turns white liberals off, and it ends up a dud, but the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture does liberalize its food stamp program, expanding from two to 42 counties, although some local authorities resist; Indian food minister ("Father of the Green Revolution" Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000) chimes in, connecting malnutrition with brain damage, saying "This means that we are, in effect, producing subhuman beings at the rate of 35 million per year. By the time they reach school age they are unable to concentrate sufficiently to absorb and retain knowledge" (subramaniam beings too?); U.S. nutrition investigator Arnold Edward Schaefer (1917-92) reports on U.S. malnutrition, finding Vitamin A deficiencies worse than those in Head Start children who have gone blind from keratomalacia, meaning that they could go blind at any time "five minutes from now or a year from now"; on July 30 the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs (McGovern Committee) is established by S.D. Dem. Sen. (1963-81) George McGovern (1922-), dir. of the Food for Peace Program (1960-2) to focus on hunger and malnutrition; meanwhile the avg. U.S. diet provides 3.2K cal. a day; seeing that the nat. media is ready, willing and able to turn the cameras on them, after this the SCLC gives up on giant demonstrations in favor of smaller campaigns, mainly in the South. On May 24 Chief, the last cavalry horse on the rolls of the U.S. Army dies in Ft. Riley, Kan. On May 25 the Communists open another major attack on Saigon after Viet Cong infiltrate in large numbers. On May 26 Australian PM John G. Gorton meets with Pres. Johnson in Washington, D.C. On May 26 Bronx, N.Y.-born social-moral philosopher Eric Hoffer pub. Israel's Peculiar Position in the Los Angeles Times, with the soundbyte: "I have a premonition that will not leave me; as it goes with Israel, so it will go with all of us. Should Israel perish, the holocaust will be upon us." On May 27 U.S. Memorial Day is celebrated on the last Monday of the month rather than on the 30th for the first time; perhaps to rub it in, on May 27 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 8-1 in U.S. v. O'Brien that burning, destroying, or mutilating a draft card is a crime as stated in a 1965 amendment to the U.S. Selective Service Act, and rejects arguments of unconstitutionality; a few days later brother Jesuit priests Philip Francis Berrigan (1923-2002) and Daniel Berrigan (1921-), with seven other Catholic activist priests enter a draft board office in Catonsville, Md., and seize nearly 400 files on young men classified 1-A, then burn them with homemade napalm made from an army recipe, becoming known as the Catonsville Nine; they are all sentenced to prison terms of 2-3.5 years, but Daniel Berrigan escapes and speaks out against the war and writes the 1970 play "The Trial of the Cantonsville Nine" until his Aug. 1970 rearrest - they said it would be illegal to burn draft cards, not draft files? On May 27 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 6-2 in Menominee Tribe v. U.S. that Native Ams. keep their historical fishing and hunting rights and other treaty rights even after the federal govt. ceases to recognize the tribe unless Congress issues a clear and unequivocal statement terminating them; Justice Thurgood Marshall recuses himself. On May 28 former PM (1964-5) Tran Van Huong (1903-82) replaces Nguyen Van Loc as PM of crumbling South Vietnam (until Sept. 1, 1969). On May 29 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 to adopt Resolution 253, blockading Southern Rhodesia and requesting member nations to end trade and travel relations, condemning the recent "inhuman executions carried out by the illegal regime in Southern Rhodesia which have flagrantly affronted the conscience of mankind." On May 29 the U.S. Consumer Credit Protection (Truth in Lending) Act is passed, requiring banks to state the true interest on loans, and protecting employees from being fired for having their wages garnished - leave it to them to come up with credit cards and long contracts with extra charges buried in tiny print? In May Williami R. "Bill" Hambrecht (1935-) and George Quist found the venture capital firm of Hambrecht & Quist in San Francisco, Calif., which goes on to finance Apple Co., Genentech, Adobe Systems, Netscape, MP3.com, and Amazon.com; it is acquired by Chase Manhattan in 1999. On June 1 the British-based TV show The Prisoner debuts on CBS-TV as a summer replacement show for The Jackie Gleason Show. On June 1 Mrs. Robinson by Simon & Garfunkel hits #1 on the U.S. pop charts; The Good, the Bad and the Ugly by the Hugo Montenegro Orchestra is #2. On June 3 Valerie Jean Solanas (1936-88), founder of the Society for Cutting Up Men (SCUM), and author of the SCUM Manifesto shoots "15 minutes of fame" self-publicist Andy Warhol (1928-87) with a .32 automatic in his New York film studio "The Silver Factory" after he reneges on producing a porno film she had written; Warhol survives and founds the superstar mag. Interview ("The Crystal Ball of Pop") (until ?), and Solanas serves three years in a psychiatric prison. On June 3 the U.S. Supreme Court rules that opposition to the death penalty cannot automatically disqualify a person from jury service in capital cases - so what do they have to lie to get out of it? On June 3 the planned community of Mililani near Honolulu on Oahu Island, Island opens on a former plantation, becoming the first All-Am. City in Hawaii in 1986. On June 4 the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 index (founded 1957) closes above 100 for the first time (100.38). Another great American what-if? On June 4 U.S. pres. candidate (D.-N.Y.) Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy (b. 1925) wins the Calif. Dem. pres. primary, beating Eugene McCarthy (Hubert Humphrey was not entered) and giving him a total of 174 delegate votes, incl. those won in Ind. and Neb., and his loss in Ore.; too bad, on June 5 (Wed.) (12:50 a.m. PDT) he is shot as he exits through the kitchen after a campaign speech at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, Calif. (opened in 1921) (where he stands beside UFW leader Dolores Huerta, and utters the soundbyte "Fear not the path of truth for the lack of people walking on it") by Jerusalem-born Jordanian Christian Sirhan Bishara "Sol" Sirhan (1944-), who lived in the U.S. since the 1950s; he dies 26 hours later on June 6 in Good Samaritan Hospital; singer Andy Williams (a friend of the Kennedy family) is present at the speech, and Bobby had asked him to be a delegate for him even though he is a Repub.; RFK's bodyguards incl. Rafer Johnson and Rosey Grier; Sirhan uses a snub-nose 8-shot .22-cal. Iver-Johnson revolver (Model 55SA), given to him by his big brother Munir "Joe" Sirhan, an employee at Nash's Dept. Store, originally purchased for $31.95 in Aug. 1965 by a Los Angeles resident for protection during the Watts Riots; Sirhan receives the death sentence, which is commuted to life in priz in 1972 when the Calif. Supreme Court invalidates the death penalty; in 2006 he comes up for parole at a time when gov. Arnold "Terminator" Schwarzenegger is married to Maria Shriver, daughter of Eunice Kennedy Shriver, RFK's sister, and is denied; singer Rosemary Clooney is present at the assassination; ABC-TV journalist Howard K. Smith is anchoring coverage of the Calif. pres. primary at 3 a.m. as the closing credits are airing when word comes in of the shooting, causing him to leave the camera showing a wide shot of the newsroom for several min. while he goes backstage to confirm the story and return with a special report, continuing to air reports of RFK's condition for several hours; the RFK assassination turns Jackie Kennedy against the U.S., with the soundbyte: "I hate this country. I despise America and I don't want my children to live here anymore. If they're killing Kennedys, my children are number one targets... I want to get out of this country"; singer Bobby Darin (Walden Robert Cassotto) (1936-73) is present during the assassination, and later this year discovers that he had been brought up by his grandparents, not his parents, and that the girl he thought was his sister was actually his mother, freaking him out and sending him into a long period of seclusion; was the CIA behind the assassination because the fatal shot came from behind RFK, perhaps from security guard Eugene Cesar, while Sirhan was standing in front, and they couldn't let RFK become pres. and figure out that they were behind the muddah of his bruddah?; 11 bullets were found that supposedly came from Sirhan's 8-bullet gun?; the coroner found powder burns on RFK's ear next to the fatal shot in the back of his head and testified that the gun had to be only 2-3 in. away for that effect, but that Sirhan fired his pistol in front of RFK and was 3-6 ft. away?; an expert on hypnotism hypnotizes Sirhan in prison, and says he could have been programmed under hypnotism prior to the assassination?; how did Sirhan know that RFK would be sneaking through the pantry?; Bobby's brother Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (1932-2009) becomes the target of constant death threats, incl. a $1M reward offered by Sirhan Sirhan to a jailmate to kill him (which he declines), causing him to delay his run for U.S. pres. for 12 years; liberal Jewish-Am. U.S. rep. (D-N.Y. (1969-71) Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (1929-80) later exposes the anomalous forensic evidence on William F. Buckley Jr.'s PBS-TV show Firing Line in 1975. On June 6 Pres. Johnson signs legislation extending Secret Service protection to major pres. and vice-pres. candidates - closing the what after the what gets out? On June 7-8 thousands visit St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City to mourn RFK; a solemn Pontifical Requiem Mass is followed by a train procession to Washington, D.C. and burial in Arlington Nat. Cemetery near his brother JFK. On June 7-14 the U.S. conducts Operation Swift Saber in Elephant Valley, a VC infiltration route 10 mi. NW of Da Nang Valley in Vietnam. On June 8 James Earl Ray is arrested for the murder of Martin Luther King Jr. On June 10 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 8-1 in Terry v. Ohio that police may stop people on the street and frisk them without probable cause to arrest if they have a reasonable suspicion that they have committed or are committing or are about to commit a crime, and a reasonable belief that the person or persons "may be armed and presently dangerous"; the reasonable belief must be based on "specific and articulable facts", not merely a hunch, and all because "the exclusionary rule has limitations", viz., it is meant to protect persons from unreasonable searches and seizures aimed at gathering evidence, not for other purposes such as prevention of crime of protection of police, causing the proliferation of "stop and frisk" AKA Terry Frisk, later Terry Stop; dissenting Justice William O. Douglas writes the soundbyte: "We hold today that the police have greater authority to make a 'seizure' and conduct a 'search' than a judge has to authorize such action. We have said precisely the opposite over and over again.... To give the police greater power than a magistrate is to take a long step down the totalitarian path. Perhaps such a step is desirable to cope with modern forms of lawlessness. But if it is taken, it should be the deliberate choice of the people through a constitutional amendment." On June 12 the U.N. adopts the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and Pres. Johnson addresses the U.N. Gen. Assembly. On June 13 eight military comm. satellites are launched on one Titan III booster rocket from Cape Kennedy. On June 13-6 Malta is visited by the prince-grandmaster of the Sovereign Military Hospitaler Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta, renewing ties severed by Napoleon in 1798. On June 17 the U.K. enacts sanctions against Rhodesia, and again on July 18. On June 17 Gaston Eyskens (1905-88) ends a govt. crisis that began on Feb. 7 by becoming PM of Belgium (until 1937). On June 17 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. that Congress can regulate the sale of private property to prevent racial discrimination under the 13th Amendment and the 1866 U.S. Civil Rights Act. On June 19 50K protesters march in Washington, D.C. in support of the Poor People's Campaign; on June 23-4 police close their Resurrection City, U.S.A. shantytown near the Lincoln Memorial. On June 19 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act, which incl. a ban on interstate mail-order sale of handguns - not sniper rifles, since they are only used to kill presidents not police? On June 19 Pres. Johnson signs Paper Gold Legislation for U.S. participation in the IMF's special drawing rights. On June 19 Pres. Nguyen Van Thieu signs the first gen. mobilization law in South Vietnam history, permitting the drafting of males age 16-50. On June 20 Austin Currie (1969-), MP from Stormont in Northern Ireland joins a squat-in in a house in Caledon to protest discrimination in housing allocations. On June 21 chief justice (since 1953) Earl Warren submits his resignation from the U.S. Supreme Court after 15 years; Pres. Nixon offers his job to ex-gov. Thomas E. Dewey, but he declines due to age. On June 21 Thailand ends 10 years of military rule and proclaims the 1968 Thailand Constitution; too bad, the new senators are military puppets? On June 23 a stampede in ? Soccer Stadium in Buenos Aires kills 74 and injures 150. On June 24 the cabinet of Italian PM Aldo Moro resigns following withdrawal of the Socialists, who are pissed-off about their losses in the May elections, and on June 25 former (1963) PM Giovanni Leone succeeds as PM of Italy with an interim minority Christian Dem. cabinet; on Dec. 12 Mariano Rumor (1915-90) becomes PM of Italy (until Aug. 6, 1970), forming a center-left coalition cabinet. On June 24 Italian engineering prof. Giorgio Rosa declares the independence of his platform nation called the Repub. of Rose Island on his 400-sq.-m 9-pylon manmade Isle of the Roses off Rimini, Italy, complete with restaurant, nightclub, souvenir shop, and post office; too bad, after the Italian govt. views it as a tax dodge, Italian troops demolish it 2 mo. later, causing him to form a govt. in exile and issue postage stamps portraying the dastardly act of the Fascisti. On June 26 the U.S. returns Iwo Jima (To) and the Bonin Islands to Japan. On June 26 Des Moines, Iowa-born former undersecy. of state for economic affairs in the Kennedy admin. (1961-8) George Wildman Ball (1909-94), known for Ball's Rule of Power "Nothing propinks like propinquity", and who was called crazy by JFK for suggesting that the Vietnamese War one day might need up to 300K troops, then helped overthrow Pres. Ngo Dinh Diem replaces resigning Arthur J. Goldberg as U.S. ambassador to the U.N. #7 (until Sept. 25), becoming known for his pro-Israel quotes incl. "Until 1956, Americans treated Israel not much differently from other friendly states", "Yet the wonder of it all is that, while engaged in a seemingly endless struggle, the Israelis have managed to turn a desert into a garden"; "Most Americans approach the problems of the Middle East with a pro-Israeli bias, and rightly so", "Not only must Americans admire Israel, there can be no doubt that we have an interest in, and special responsibility for, that valiant nation", and "The question is no longer whether the United States should contribute to assuring Israel's survival and prosperity; that goes without saying." On June 27 Two Thousand Words is pub. in Czech., calling for more rapid progress toward democracy - the tanks will soon be on the way? On June 28 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968, adding a 10% surcharge on individual and corporate income to finance the Vietnam War, which still doesn't put a dent in the costs? On June 28 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Uniform Monday Holiday Act, giving federal employees four 3-day weekends per year starting in 1971 (an old Euro custom), and requiring that Washington's Birthday (AKA Presidents' Day, but not officially), Memorial Day, Columbus Day, and Veterans Day be observed on Mondays, although many states change Veterans (Armistice) Day back to Nov. 11 in 1978. The ice has been moved to the door for more space where you need it? On June 29 at St. Peter's in Rome Pope Paul VI disregards a papal commission that recognized the threat of world overpop. and recommended approval of certain types of birth control, and issues the encyclical Humanae Vitae, reaffirming the Church's opposition to abortion and to all contraception except the rhythm method; U.S. Catholics pooh-pooh it and get back to their birth control pills et al.; the encyclical shocks the world and derails Vatican efforts to obtain Roman Catholic participation in the World Council of Churches (WCC) assembly in July in Uppsala, Sweden (held every six years). On June 30 the Gaullists win the French elections. In June Pres. Areco of Uruguay proclaims a state of emergency, imposes a wage-price freeze, and wars with the trade unions, who launch hundreds of strikes. In June Communist guerrilla activity resumes in N Malaysia. In June Yehuda Leib Levin (1896-), chief rabbi of Moscow visits New York City, becoming the first visit of a Soviet rabbi to the U.S.; meanwhile Rabbi Martin David "Meir" Kahane (1932-90) founds the Jewish Defense League (JDL), a militant Jewish org. in New York City, causing comparisons with Nazis? On July 1 the U.S., Britain, and Soviet Union sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, drafted by Alfonso Garcia Robles of Mexico, pledging to refrain from helping any non-nuclear country get nukes; 59 other nations soon sign it, with France and Communist China holding out until 1992, and India, Pakistan, and Israel holding out until ?; the Soviet invasion of Czech. causes the U.S. Senate to delay ratification until Mar. 5, 1970, and in 1995 the 174-nation U.N. votes to extend it indefinitely - are you ready for hearts on fire? On July 1 the Canada Medical Care Act is signed by PM (1963-8) Lester Pearson, becoming known as Medicare, and becoming universal on Apr. 1, 1972 - just in time for the last draft resisters fleeing from the U.S.? On July 1 Cuban-born Velasquez Fonseca hijacks a Boeing 727 from Chicago, Ill. to Cuba. On July 3 Gen. William C. Westmoreland succeeds Gen. Harold K. Johnson as U.S. Army Chief of Staff (until 1972). On July 3 France increases the interest rate from 3.5% to 5% to pay for the higher wages demanded by striking workers in May-June. On July 3 Bulgarian immigrant Neo-Nazi Angel Angelhof opens fire from a roof in Central Park, N.Y., killing a 24-y.o. woman and 80-y.o. man before police kill him. On July 4 Explorer 38 (Radio Astronomy Explorer A) (RAE-A) is launched in Lompoc, Calif. On July 4 60-y.-o. Alec Rose (1908-91) arrives in Portsmouth, England after finishing a 354-day sailboat trip around the world; on July 5 he is knighted by Elizabeth II. On July 5 Bolivian pres. Gen. Rene Barrientos Ortuno visits Pres. Johnson in Texas; meanwhile revelations that a former minister of interior in his govt. has contacts with Fidel Castro causes violent riots, followed by the resignation of the cabinet, and the govt. suspends constitutional rights - love that Texas BBQ? On July 6-8 Pres. Johnson visits Central Am. On July 7 Vietnam protesters in London's Grosvenor Square take their cues from Americans and play for media coverage, vending big gross venal signs and placards such as "Take own your gun, buddy and go home", causing Walter Cronkite and others to begin to question the role of TV in shaping events. On July 10 Pres. Charles de Gaulle names Maurice Couve de Murville (1907-99) (a Protestant, not to be confused with his cousin, Roman Catholic archbishop Maurice Couve de Murville, b. 1929) to replace Georges Pompidou as PM #3 of the French Fifth Repub. (until June 20, 1969) - time to couve up de murvilling? On July 10 Mattel introduces Hot Wheels die cast miniature cars, which compete with English-made Matchbox Cars and go on to become functional and equipped for electric slot-car racing; in 1997 Mattel acquires Tyco Toys, owner of Matchbox. On July 10-17 the Fourth Palestine Nat. Assembly in Cairo revises the 1964 PLO Covenant with a new Palestine Nat. Charter, calling for the creation of a sovereign Palestinian state, and downplaying Pan-Arabism. On July 12 Leonard Benedicks hijacks a Cessna 210 from Key West, Fla. to Cuba; after being deported back to the U.S. next Sept., he is sentenced on Mar. 4, 1971 to 10 years. On July 15 (Mon.) the daytime soap opera One Life to Live, created by Chicago-born veteran soap opera writer ("As the World Turns", "Search for Tomorrow", "Guiding Light", "Another World") Agnes Nixon (nee Eckhardt) (1927-) ("the queen of contemporary soap opera") debuts on ABC-TV for 11,136 episodes (until Jan. 13, 2012), about the wealthy WASP Lord family, the working-class Polish-Am. Wolek family, the African-Am. Gray family, and the middle-class Irish-Am. Riley family in Llanview (near Philadelphia), Penn.; pushing the envelope with an ethnically, socially, and racially mixed cast, incl. Erika Alma Hermina Slezak (1946-) as Victoria "Viki" Lord, Jacquie Courtney, Amy Levitt, Anthony Ponzini, Michael Storm, Ernest Graves, Gillian Spencer et al., going on to explore teenage homosexuality, rape, S&M sex, drug abuse, breast cancer, and multiple personality disorder, expanding to 45 min. on July 26, 1976 and 1 hour on Jan. 16, 1978, becoming the #1 reason that U.S. offices make TVs available for the lunch hour? On July 15-16 the first direct air service between the U.S. and Soviet Union since the end of WWII begins as a 4-jet Aeroflot Ilyushin 11-62, designed by Sergei Vladimirovich Ilyushin (1894-1977) flies to New York City, while two Pan Am Boeing 707s fly to Moscow. On July 17 after indecisive results in the Apr. elections, the Military Rev. Committee selects foreign minister (physician) Emile Derlin Henri Zinsou (1918-2016) as pres. of Dahomey (until Dec. 10 1969), going on to improve the tax collection system and institute anti-smuggling policies and countermeasures against strikes; too bad, he pisses-off the military by his anti-militarist stance and independence, causing them to plot a coup. On July 17 Cuban-born Hernandez Leyva hijacks a DC-8 from Los Angeles, Calif. to Cuba. On July 17-18 the regime of Pres. Abdul Rahman Arif in Iraq is overthrown by the Ba'th Socialist Party led by Maj. Gen. Ahmed (Ahmad) Hassan (Hasan) al-Bakr (1914-82); his 2nd-in-command is his cousin Saddam Hussein (1937-2006); on July 30 a 2nd coup eliminates army officers from the govt., giving the Ba'ath Party, based in the town of Tikrit on the Tigris River total control, with al-Bakr becoming pres., PM and CIC, and Saddam becoming chief of internal security, going on to purge key party figures, deport thousands of Iranian Shiites and supervise the takeover of Iraq's oil industry and land reform - how damned insane is he at this point? On July 18 the Canadian Union of Postal Workers go on strike; on Aug. 9 after 22 days they accept a govt. contract. On July 19-20 Pres. Johnson confers with South Vietnamese Pres. Thieu in Honolulu. On July 23 three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) hijack El Al Flight 426 en route from Rome to Tel Aviv over Italy and divert it to Algiers, becoming the first successful El Al hijacking (until ?); after 40 days of negotiations, the hijackers and hostages all go free. On July 23 Robert Franklin "Bo" Worley (b. 1919) becomes the first and only U.S. gen. to be killed in Vietnam when his RF-4C Phantom jet crashes in Thua Thien Province 65 mi. NW of Da Nang Air Base after being hit by enemy fire. On July 23-28 the Glenville Shootout in Cleveland, Ohio sees black militants, led by eccentric astrologer Fred Ahmed Evans (1928-78) get hassled by white pigs, and begin a gunfight, and when the blacks hold their own, mayor Carl B. Stokes calls in the Nat. Guard, resulting in seven dead and 15 wounded; Evans is captured, railroaded on murder charges and sentenced to life; when it is found out that Evans received funds from Stokes' "Cleveland: Now!" urban renewal program, donations tank. On July 24 the Newport, R.I. Folk Festival makes Arlo Guthrie (1947-), son of folk singer Woody Guthrie a star with his performance of his 1967 hit Alice's Restaurant Massacree. On July 26 South Vietnamese opposition leader Truong Dinh Dzu, who ran on a peace platform last Sept. is sentenced to five years of hard labor for advocating a new coalition govt. to try to end the war, becoming the first person convicted under a 1965 decree prohibiting interference with the "government's struggle against Communism" - he gave me that hard sandwich, and I fell in love? On July 27 after they get too uppity, Mao orders the Red Guards' power over the army ended, and begins reining them in, dismantling them by next year after beginning a campaign in Oct. to completely consolidate his power by purging all officials disloyal to him and sending them to labor camps. On July 28 the Beatles have their Mad Day Out, going randomly around London while being photographed by Paul McCartney's Am. photographer girlfriend Francie "Franny" Schwartz (1944-), who Paul's upper-middle class actress fiance (since Dec. 25, 1967) Jane Asher (1946-) (sister of Peter Asher of Peter and Gordon) found him in bed with on July 20, ending their engagement; the Beatles' last official photoshoot, taken by society photographer Tom Murray and not released until 2010, it has an eerie Photo of John Lennon Playing Dead. On July 29 Costa Rica's Arenal Volcano (dormant for 450 years) erupts, killing 95 - do the hippie-hippie shake? On July 30 a 3-year steel pact is signed in the U.S. giving union workers a 44-cent wage increase and improved benefits; on July 31 Bethlehem Steel raises prices 5% to pay for it, causing Pres. Johnson to ask other steel producers not to follow suit, and on Aug. 1 the Pentagon to announce that it will buy steel only from firms that have not raised prices; on Aug. 7 Bethlehem Steel chickens out and rescinds its price increases; too bad, wholesale steel prices climb in 15 of the next 18 mo. as U.S. steelmakers negotiate agreements with Euro and Japanese mills to reduce their shipments to the U.S. while they claim to raise prices in anticipation of possible price controls - America, your Ford-Chevy-Pontiac is ready? In July Pres. Johnson signs a bill establishing the Federal Marijuana Farm at the U. of Miss. to supply marijuana for official research - no trouble getting people to work there? Silicon Valley is founded by beach-hating 98-pound weakling nerds? On July 18 1950s silicon IC co-inventor Robert Noyce (1927-90), and Gordon Earle Moore (1929-), originator in 1965 of Moore's Law (a prediction in the Apr. 19, 1965 issue of Electronics mag. that IC packing density, i.e., transistor count will double every 18 mo.) bolt Fairchild Semiconductor and un-PC William Shockley to form Intel Corp. in Santa Clara, Calif., with grandiose plans to monopolize the integrated circuit (IC) biz, leading to efforts to create the first microprocessor, putting up $250K each and recruiting Hungarian-born Jewish CEO Andrew Stephen "Andy Grove (Andras Istvan Grof) (1936-2016); Fairchild CEO Richard Hodgson (1917-2000) bolts to ITT (until 1980) - all causing Bill Gates to soon curtail his education and go into biz thinking life is a big Monopoly game and empty gibabits equals knowledge? On July 31 David Croft and Jimmy Perry's Dad's Army debuts on BBC-TV for 80 episodes (until Nov. 13, 1977), about the British Home Guard. On Aug. 1 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, authorizing a $5B building program for the indigent, mainly African-Ams. On Aug. 1 archeologist Kristjan Eldjarn (1916-82) (elected June 30), whose educational TV shows made him a star becomes pres. of Iceland (until 1980). On Aug. 3 reps. of the Soviet, Czech., and other Communist parties meet to resolve their differences; the Bratislava Statement apparently concedes Czech.'s right to pursue its own path; Bratislava (Pressburg) is named capital of the Slovak Socialist Repub. of Czech. On Aug. 4 Abe Fortas' name is withdrawn for chief justice by Pres. Johnson after the Senate fails to end a Repub. filibuster, becoming the first successful filibuster of a Supreme Court nominee (2nd Gorsuch in 2017). On Aug. 4 Jessie Willis hijacks a Cessna 182 from Naples, Fla. to Cuba; after returning voluntarily to Mexico on Jan. 10, 1969, he is sentenced to 10 years, then paroled on July 28, 1971. On Aug. 5 Finland opens the Saimaa Canal (built 1856) between Saimaa Lake and the Gulf of Finland for the first time since 1939 when the Russians captured it. On Aug. 5-9 the 1968 Repub. Nat. Convention is held in Miami Beach, Fla.; on Aug. 8 despite Nelson Rockefeller spending $6M in a 100-day campaign, former vice-pres. Richard M. Nixon is nominated for pres. on the 1st ballot (first Californian chosen by a major U.S. party), who claims to have a "secret plan" for ending the Vietnam War (as long as it doesn't end while the Dems. are in power), and whose campaign slogan is "This time vote like your whole life depended on it"; he chooses moderate 6'2" Greek-Am. Md. gov. #55 (since 1967) Spiro T. "Ted" Agnew (who placed Nixon's name in nomination at the convention) to be his running mate; Agnew tells reporters "Spiro Agnew is not exactly a household word"; former pres. Harry Truman calls Nixon "a shifty-eyed goddamn liar... He's one of the few in the history of this country to run for high office talking out of both sides of his mouth at the same time and lying out of both sides" - what did Onassis, Jackie, Bobby, LBJ, and the JFK assassination have to do with it? On Aug. 8 Explorer 39 and Explorer 40 are launched from the Western Test Range in Point Mugu, Calif. On Aug. 9 the Detroit News and Detroit Free Press strike (begun Nov. 15, 1967) ends. On Aug. 11 a British Rail steam locomotive makes its last 314-mi. journey from Liverpool to Carlisle and back before being sent to the wrecking yard, becoming the last steam passenger train service in Britain. On Aug. 13 Greek politician-poet Alexandros Panagoulis (1939-76) attempts to assassinate dictator George Papadopoulos, after which he is tortured, released, then elected to parliament after the Regime of the Colonels ends in 1974, and dies in suspicious circumstances in 1976, after which his cigarette-loving former lover, fellatio, er, oral, er Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006) claims that the remnants of the Greek junta assassinated him. On Aug. 16 former Pres. Eisenhower suffers his 7th heart attack, the 2nd in two weeks - make time for dinner at KFC? On Aug. 16 the ESSA VII meteorological satellite is launched from Vandenberg AFB in Calif. On Aug. 18 two charter buses collide in heavy rain on Route 41 in Gero, Japan, falling into the Hida River and killing 104. Every spring the toilets explode? Prague Spring yes, Hungarian Summer no? On Aug. 20 (night) fearing a Hungarian-copycat rev., the Soviets announce new military maneuvers along the Czech border, and in the early hours of Aug. 20/21 200K forces (incl. 5K tanks) of the Warsaw Pact (Soviet Union, Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, but not Romania) stage the 1968 Czech Invasion (AKA Operation Danube) to prevent the new govt. of Alexander Dubcek from carrying out promised dem. reforms; Dubcek and other members of the Czech Presidium incl. PM Oldrich Cernik are arrested to take them to the Kremlin (Dubcek is making a phone call, and Russian parachutists tear the phone from his hands and cut the cord); occupation forces are increased to 650K; Hollywood child star Shirley Temple Black (1928-) is in Prague during the invasion, and leads the first car of a convoy of Westerners to the Czech border; after PC pres. Ludvik Svoboda lobbies on their behalf, the arrested leaders return to Prague on Aug. 27 and announce reversal of their reforms, then on Aug. 28 Slovak anti-reform deputy PM Gustav Husak (1913-91) takes over from duped Czech, er, Dubcek as first secy. of the Czech Communist Party, taking office next Apr. 17 (until Dec. 12, 1987); after Soviet foreign minister Adm. Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov (1904-74) arrives in Prague, Dubcek bans political clubs on Sept. 6, Czech authorities introduce a censorship system on Sept. 13, and the foreign minister who presented the Czech case at the U.N. resigns under pressure on Sept. 19; Soviet writer Vladimir Emelyanovich Maximov (originally Lev Alekseyvich Samsonov) (1930-95) resigns as ed. of the Communist lit. journal Oktyabr to protest the Czech invasion. On Aug. 21 the Medal of Honor is posth. awarded to PFC James Anderson Jr. (1947-67), becoming the first African-Am. U.S. Marine to get one. On Aug. 21 the Monster of Florence kills his first young couple parked in lovers' lane, cutting out the sexual parts of the woman; the last is on Sept. 7/8, 1985; the case is never solved; filmed in 1977 as "Il Mostro", and in 1994 as "The Monster" starring Roberto Benigni; in 1994 69-y.-o. farmer Pietro Pacciani(1925-98) is convicted of 14 of the murders and sentenced to life in prison then released after allegations of a police frame-up, but his two alleged accomplices Mario Vanni and Giancarlo Lotti are sentenced to life and 30 years. On Aug. 21 The Gap Inc. (GAP) is founded in San Francisco, Calif. by Donald George Fisher (1928-2009) and his wife Doris Lee Feigenbaum Fisher (1931-) to provide 1-stop shopping for all jeans brands; it later expands to four divisions: Banana Repub. (1983), Old Navy (1994), and Athleta (for women) (1998); by 2023 it has 3,352 locations employing 95K and $15.6B revenue. On Aug. 22 Bill McBride hijacks a Cessna 336 from Nassau, Bahamas to Cuba. On Aug. 22-24 Pope Paul VI visits Bogota, Colombia for the 39th Internat. Eucharistic Congress, becoming the first reigning pope to visit Latin Am. - to remind them not to quit breeding like rabbits for Holy Mother Church? The Democratic Party implodes, giving the Republicans the White House? On Aug. 22-30 the 1968 Dem. Nat. Convention in Chicago, Ill. is the scene of mass protests by militant yippies and hippies, which are ruthlessly quashed by police, Nat. Guardsmen, and federal troops with tear gas and clubs, incl. the Festival of Life in Grant and Lincoln Parks, attended by 10K militants protesting the rising death toll in Vietnam by staging rock concerts (by MC5, etc.) in front of marijuana-smoking, nude public-lovemaking, draft-card-burning Baby Boomers, which is crushed on Aug. 25 by 16K Chicago pigs, 4K state pigs, and 4K Nat. Guardsmen armed with tear gas and nightsticks, cracking heads at mayor Richard Daley's orders to prevent them from overnighting; 308 are arrested, and later eight cops are indicted for use of excessive force (all acquitted); troops from Ft. Hood, Tex. are sent to Chicago but not used after some black soldiers hold a meeting questioning the orders and are court-martialed, causing questions about all the troops' loyalty; NBC-TV journalists Edwin Newman, John Chancellor, Frank McGee, and Sander Vanocur wear technologically advanced backpacks on the convention floor to conduct the first-ever live interviews with delegates, earning the title "Four Horsement of the Apocalypse"; on Aug. 27 CBS-TV journalist Dan Rather (1931-) is punched in the stomach while covering the convention; after convention chmn. (House Majority leader) Carl Bert Albert (1908-2000) fails to gain control of the rowdy delegates, LBJ calls U.S. Dem. Ill. rep. (1959-95) Daniel David "Dan" Rostenkowski (1928-2010) to take over, pissing-off Albert and turning him into an enemy for life, starting by passing him over for House whip for Tip O'Neill when he becomes House Speaker a few weeks after the convention, after which Rostenkowski's own party refuses to nominate him for a 3rd term as chm. of the Dem. Caucus; on Aug. 28 Conn. Dem. U.S. Sen. (1963-81) Abraham Alexander Ribicoff (1910-98) gives a speech nominating George McGovern, ad-libbing the soundbyte "If George McGovern were president, we wouldn't have these Gestapo tactics in the streets of Chicago", after which the TV cameras pan in on mayor Richard J. Daley, who allegedly mumbles "Fuck you, you Jew son of a bitch"; Julian Bond gives a well-received Seconding Speech for Eugene McCarthy, which is written by McCarthy's speechwriter Jeremy Larner (1937-), launching Bond's nat political career; leaders of the protest incl. Yippie leaders Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, who get in a fight on Aug. 22 after deciding to run a pig for president, with Hoffman wanting a small and cute pig and Rubin wanting a big and ugly pig (they end up with a 200-lb. porker purchased by Phil Ochs et al. named Pigasus); other leaders incl. Rennard Cordon "Rennie" Davis (1941-), Thomas Emmet "Tom" Hayden (1939-2016) of Students for a Dem. Society (SDS), Black Panther leader Bobby Seale (1936-), and civil rights advocate David "Dave" Dellinger (1915-2004) (head of Mobe). On Aug. 23 the Soviet Union casts its 105th U.N. Security Council veto to block a resolution condemning its own invasion of Czech. On Aug. 24 Charles de Gaulle's U.S.-hating France becomes the world's 5th nuclear power as it explodes its first H-bomb in the South Pacific, Operation Canopus in Fangataufa Atoll. On Aug. 27-29 Gore Vidal (1925-2012) and William F. Buckley Jr. (1925-2008) engage in a series of televised debates during the 1968 Dem. Nat. Convention, with Vidal against the Vietnam War and Buckley for it, disagreeing over the actions of the Chicago police against the protesters et al.; on Aug. 28 when discussing the raising of the Viet Cong flag by the protesters, Vidal says that many think the Viet Cong are right, and calls Buckley the "only proto-crypto-Nazi I can think of", and Buckley replies "Now listen, you queer, stop calling me a crypto-Nazi or I will sock you in your goddamn face, and you'll stay plastered." On Aug. 28 while police and demonstrators clash outside, the Gettysburg, er, Dem. Nat. Convention nominates vice-pres. Hubert H. Humphrey for pres., and Maine Sen. Edmund Sixtus "ED" Muskie (1914-96) for vice-pres.; Humphrey becomes the first nominee who doesn't win a majority of votes in the primaries (because of RFK's death); too bad, the spectacle of scruffy not-so-white street protesters and respectable and not so respectable Dems. at each other's throats, combined with Humphrey's unwillingness to repudiate the admin.'s unpopular war policies makes the normally scary Repubs. a shoe-in with the white Silent Majority sitting in front of their TV sets eating their Swanson TV dinners? On Aug. 27 Soviet puppet Czech leaders address their nation after returning from Moscow, while student protesters shout "A second Munich!" On Aug. 28 U.S. ambassador John Gordon Mein (b. 1913) is killed in Guatemala by kidnappers who order him out of his limo and shoot him, becoming the first U.S. ambassador to be assassinated. On Aug. 29 Norwegian crown prince Harald (Harald V) (1937-) marries commoner Sonja Haraldsen (1937-); they have one daughter, princess Martha Louise (1971-) (later known for claiming to possess psychic powers), and one son, crown prince Haakon (1973-). On Aug. 29 U.S. TV viewers claim to hear the Devil's voice, causing the stations to shut down for 25 sec. On Aug. 31 the First Isle of Wight Festival is held on Ford Farm near Godshill, England, featuring Jefferson Airplane, Arthur Brown, and T.Rex, with an attendance of 10K - from Dwight to Wight in one generation? On Aug. 31-Sept. 1 6.8-7.8 earthquakes in Iran kill 12K-20K and injure 15K. In Aug. U.S. Gen. George S. Brown (1918-82) begins overseeing the Vietnamization of the air war; U.S. troop numbers in Vietnam reach 541K this mo. On Sept. 1 Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (1893-1979) (elected in June) is sworn-in as pres. of cocao-king Ecuador (until Feb. 15, 1972), becoming his 5th time elected since 1934; he completed only one full term without being ousted by the army, in 1952-6. On Sept. 2 the Tanzania-Zambia Oil Pipeline between Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Ndola, Zambia opens. On Sept. 2 the Tunisian delegation walks out of the Arab League Conference in Cairo after calling the league a tool of the UAR. On Sept. 2 the Morecambe and Wise Show debuts on BBC-TV, starring English comedians (Wheeler & Woolsey clones) Eric Morecambe (1926-84) and Ernie Wise (1925-99), which becomes popular for its Christmas specials. On Sept. 4 an army coup in Brazzaville, Congo deposes pres. Alphonse Massamba-Debat, and on Sept. 5 replaces him with his PM Alfred Raoul (1930-99), after which next Jan. 1 Maj. Marien Ngouabi (N'Gouabi) (1938-77) becomes pres. #3 of the Repub. of Congo (Brazzaville) (until Mar. 18, 1977), promising elections later in the year, then on Dec. 31 junks that idea and changes the name to People's Repub. of Congo, becoming the first African Marxist-Leninist state, with his Congolese Workers Party (PCT) as the only party. On Sept. 6 Swaziland (pop. 700K) becomes the last British territory to gain its independence, becoming a constitutional monarchy after 66 years of British rule (since 1902), with king (since Dec. 10, 1899) Sobhuza II (1899-1982) continuing as king under an English-style 1968 Swaziland Constitution, becoming the longest reigning monarch in known history. On Sept. 7 the Miss America 1969 (42nd) Pageant at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, N.J. features the No More Miss America Protest, attended by 400 feminists and more civil right activists, bringing mucho publicity, incl. an erroneous reference to bra-burning, turning it into a symbol of feminism; the Miss America winner is lily white blonde-blue Miss Ill. On Sept. 7 the hour-long Hanna-Barbera live action-animated variety program The Banana Splits Adventure Hour debuts on NBC-TV for 31 episodes (until Sept. 5, 1970), with costumes and sets designed by Sid and Marty Krofft, sponsored by Kellogg's Cereals; watch intro. Judith Anne Ford (1949-); the same day New York Radical Women, founded by former child TV actress (Dagmar Hansen in "Mama") Robin Morgan (1941-) (founding member of the Yippies), Shulamith "Shulie" Firestone (1945-) et al. begin protesting the Miss America Beauty Pageant in Atlantic City, N.J., succeeding in getting the term "bra-burning feminist" added to the lexicon, even though all they did was throw them into a "freedom trash can"?; on Sept. 8 19-y.-o. 5'4" Sandra (Saundra) Williams (1949-) from Philadelphia becomes the first Black Miss America in a pageant held at the Ritz Carlton Hotel at the same time and city as the other one; "With my title, I can show black women that they, too, are beautiful"; meanwhile Socialist feminists Morgan et al. found W.I.T.C.H. (Women's Internat. Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell), which holds public "hexes" or "zaps" to diss sexism, starting in Dec. with HUAC and the Chicago Eight, which she claims makes the anti-war movement look like a pet project for males only; she soon splits from the male left completely, pub. the famous 1970 essay Goodbye to All That, then editing the 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful, which becomes the radical feminist Bible; too bad, by next year the feminists also split with each other into a Socialist ("politico") faction around Morgan, and a radical faction around Firestone - Robin Hood and Her Merry Man-Haters? On Sept. 12 Albania withdraws from the Warsaw Pact after criticizing the Soviet invasion of Czech. On Sept. 14 Soviet-occupied Czech. restores censorship and other restrictions too numerous to mention. On Sept. 14 The Archie Show debuts on CBS-TV for 17 episodes (until Aug. 30, 1969), featuring the fictional rock band the Archies, which goes on to have a string of hits that launch the Bubblegum Music craze (ends 1972); after the show folds in one season (17 shows), it spawns Sat. morning spinoff shows until 1978. Send the turtles to play rabbit for us? On Sept. 15-22 the Soviet spacecraft L-1 (Zond 5) (Probe 5), carrying turtles, flies, worms, and seeds becomes the first spaceship to loop around the Moon and return to Earth; it is recovered in the Indian Ocean. On Sept. 15 Rev. Billy Graham carries word to Pres. Johnson from Richard Nixon that he will give Johnson a share of the credit when the Vietnam War is settled; Johnson later becomes convinced that Nixon is using Beijing-born Anna Chennault (Chen Xiangmei) (1925-), widow of WWII "Fighting Tigers" cmdr. Lt. Gen. Claire Lee Chennault (1893-1958) to persuade Pres. Nguyen Van Thieu to sabotage the Paris peace talks by promising him a better deal after he gets elected. On Sept. 15 the Org. of African Unity (OAU) condemns the secession of Biafra. On Sept. 20 the Cunard Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2) ocean liner is launched in Clydesbank, Scotland. On Sept. 20 the pioneering 90-min. wheel (rotating leads) series The Name of the Game debuts on NBC-TV for 76 episodes (until Mar. 19, 1971), based on the 1966 TV movie "Fame Is the Name of the Game", about Howard Pubs., a prototype of "People" mag., starring Anthony "Tony" Franciosa (Anthony George Papaleo) (1928-2006) as reporter Jeffrey "Jeff" Dillon, Gene Barry (Eugene Klass) (1919-2009) as publisher Glenn Howard, Robert (Charles Langford Midini) Stack (1919-2003) as "Crime" mag. ed. Daniel "Dan" Farrell, and Susan Saint James (Susan Jane Miller) (1946-) in her TV debut as ed. asst. Peggy Maxwell. On Sept. 21 Portuguese PM #100 (since July 5, 1932) Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) suffers a stroke, and on Sept. 27 his ultraconservative former deputy (rector of Lisbon U. since 1959) Marcello Jose das Neves Alves Caetano (1906-80) replaces him without his knowledge, becoming PM #101 of Portugal (until Apr. 25, 1974). On Sept. 21 (Sat.) the Los Angeles, Calif. cop series Adam-12 (1-Adam-12 = Div. 1, 2-cop unit, Precinct 12), starring Martin Sam Milner (1931-2015) and Kent Franklin McCord (1942-) as officers Peter James "Pete" Malloy and Jim Reed debuts on NBC-TV for 174 episodes (until May 20, 1975), helping the U.S. TV public know that their cops are square, honest and hip too, and mostly white; Bing Crosby's son Gary Evan Crosby (1933-95) (half-brother of Mary Crosby) plays Officer Edward "Ed" Wells; a Plymouth Belvedere is used as the squad car for the first three seasons, followed by a Plymouth Satellite and AMC Matador; the theme music is by Frank Comstock, and sounds like "The Twilight Zone" turned into a military theme?; on Sept. 26 copycat Hawaii Five-O debuts for 278 episodes (until Apr. 26, 1980) on CBS-TV with Brooklyn-born actor Jack Lord (John Joseph Patrick Ryan) (1920-98) as Detective Steve "Book 'em, Dano" McGarrett (HQ in 'Iolani Palace) (after Richard Boone, who persuades Leonard Freeman to film exclusively in Hawaii rather than in S Calif. bugs out), and James Gordon MacArthur (1937-) as his partner Dan "Danno" Williams, who try to prove that paradise doesn't spoil cops?; Det. Chin Ho Kelly, played by Kam Fong (1918-2002) does ballistics testing; the longest-running U.S. crime TV show until "Law & Order" in 2003; the Hawaii Five-O Theme (Walk Don't Run) by the Ventures becomes a hit. On Sept. 23 (Mon.) Mayberry R.F.D. debuts on CBS-TV for 78 episodes (until Mar. 29, 1971) as a spinoff of "The Andy Griffith Show", starring Kenneth Ronald "Ken" Berry (1933-) as widowed farmer Sam Jones, and Lucius Fisher "Buddy" Foster IV (1957-) (brother of Jodie Foster) as his son Mike; episode 1 "Andy and Helen's Wedding" has the highest ratings in TV history so far; too bad the 1971 Rural Purge causes it to be canceled. On Sept. 24 the U.N. Gen. Assembly convenes its 23rd session, and elects Guatemalan foreign minister Emilio Arenales Catalan (1922-69) as its pres. (until 1969); on Sept. 24 it admits Swaziland as member nation #125. On Sept. 24 (Tues.) the prime-time TV newsmagazine 60 Minutes, produced by < a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Hewitt">Donald S. "Don" Hewitt (1922-2009) debuts on CBS-TV (until ?), becoming the first U.S. network news program to make a profit; Mike Wallace (1918-) turns down an offer to be Richard Nixon's press secy. and participates in the broadcast, ending up introducing all programming at the start of each show, with his cool voice over a ticking stopwatch becoming a narcotic to millions; Harry Reasoner (1923-91) is the main investigative reporter; later liberal Jewish Shana Alexander (1925-2005) and conservative James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920-2010) square-off on "Point-Counterpoint", boosting the show's popularity. On Sept. 24 (Tues.) the Bonanza-wannabe Western color series Lancer debuts on CBS-TV for 51 episodes (until June 23, 1970), starring Andrew Duggan (1923-88) as Lancer family patriarch Murdoch Lancer, James "Jim" Stacy (Maurice William Elias) (1936-) as half-Mexican gunslinger son Johnny Madrid Lancer, and Wayne E. Maunder (1937-) as educated older son Scott Lancer. On Sept. 24 (Tues.) the interracially-suggestive detective series The Mod Squad debuts on ABC-TV (until Aug. 23 1973), starring white Michael Cole (1945-) as Pete Cochran, big-bushy-Afro black Clarence Williams III (1939-) as Linc Hayes, and white (really Jewish) flower child Margaret Ann "Peggy" Lipton (1946-) (who marries black composer Quincy Jones in 1973 after being dumped by Elvis for her Scientology habit) as Julie Barnes, all undercover agents for the Los Angeles Police Dept. - the shock of first finding out? On Sept. 24 (Tues.) the musical comedy series That's Life debuts on ABC-TV for 32 episodes (until 1969), starring Robert Alan Morse (1931-) and Edra Jean "E.J." Peaker (1944-) as newlyweds Bobby and Gloria Dickson, and Kay Medford (1919-80) as Gloria's mother Mrs. Quigley. On Sept. 26 the British Theatres Act of 1968 effectively abolishes the Lord Chamberlain's powers of censorship (begun 1737). On Sept. 28 350 prisoners at Ohio State Penitentiary in Columbus riot against "sadistic guards", and 500 Nat. Guardsmen and police blast a hole in the prison wall, killing five convicts. On Sept. 29 Simba Maoist rebel army leader Pierre Mulele (b. 1929) voluntarily returns from exile to Kinshasa, Congo, where he is pubicly tortured and executed on Oct. 3 or 9, complete with his eyes, genitals, and limbs pulled off while still alive. On Sept. 29 a new 1968 Greek Constitution is approved in Greece by a 91.87% vote, defining Greece as a "crowned democracy", although royal power is greatly reduced; the parliament is deprived of most of its power, which is retained by the colonels, and civil and political rights are zeroed; in Oct. the U.S. partially lifts its military embargo, citing Greece's importance in the E Mediterranean, and on Nov. 24 the colonels restore the right to form trade unions and the right to assembly allegedly to prove that they intend to eventually democratize - meanwhile I'll take a couple dozen of them newfangled fighter jets? On Sept. 29-30 the USS New Jersey, the world's only active battleship goes into combat off the coast of North Vietnam - now we admit we're losing? On Sept. 30 Pres. Johnson signs the U.S. Lower Colorado River Basin Act, providing water to C Ariz. plus areas in Colo., Utah, N.M., and Calif. In Sept. the 704-calorie 45-cent Big Heart Attack, er, Big Mac ("A meal disguised as a sandwich") ("Two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun") (43.7g of fat), created last year by McDonald's franchisee Jim Delligatti in Uniontown (near Pittsburgh), Penn. begins marketing in all McDonald's outlets, and customers bite bigtime, ordering 600M per year by the end of the cent.; in 1975 the cardboard-foil-paper wrapper is replaced with a 1-piece polystyrene clamshell - two for a buck and two cents back? In Sept. Philippine pres. Ferdinand Marcos pardons former Huk leader Luis Taruc (1913-2005), who resumes working for land reform; meanwhile Manila lays claim to Saba on the island of Borneo and passes a law on Sept. 18 incorporating it into the Philippine Repub. after talks int Bangkok with the Malaysian govt. break down, and Malaysia breaks relations with Manila. In Sept. the non-nuclear carrier USS John F. Kennedy, christened a year earlier by his 9-y.-o. daughter Caroline enters U.S. Navy service; it is decommissioned on Mar. 23, 2007, leaving the USS Kitty Hawk as the only non-nuclear Navy carrier. On Oct. 1 Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid (1901-88) (elected May 12) is sworn-in for a 4-year term as pres. of Panama; too bad, on Oct. 11 after two weeks in office, after founding Panama's social security system and giving women the vote, then making the mistake of trying to restructure the Nat. Guard, he is ousted for the 3rd time (1941, 1951) in a coup led by Nat. Guard cmdr. Lt. Col. Omar Torrijos Herrera (1929-81) and Col. Boris Martinez, and replaced by puppet pres. Jose Maria Pinilla Fabrega (Fábrega) (1919-79) on Oct. 12 (until 1969); Arias flees to Miami until 1978; within a year (1969) Torrijos ousts Martinez (having him shanghaied to Fla., where he becomes a gas station attendant), promotes himself to brig. gen., foils a coup attempt by younger officers, then stirs up sentiment over the Panama Canal and first jails then invites leftists into his cabinet, relaxes banking and tax laws to attract banks to the country, retaining the U.S. dollar as official currency, going on to become the de facto leader of Panama until 1981, known as a champion of the poor, divesting landed families and promoting birth control, and gaining U.S. support by opposing Communism - only until they can get another boot-kisser of the rich to replace him? On Oct. 2 after considering and rejecting former ML baseball commissioner Happy Chandler, pres. candidate George Corley Wallace Jr. (1919-98) of the Am. Independent Party, who hopes to receive enough electoral votes to help him end federal efforts at desegregation names Berlin Airlift Hero and USAF Chief of Staff (since 1961) Gen. Curtis Emerson LeMay (1906-90) (who wanted to bomb the missile sites in Cuba even though he estimated only a 90% effectiveness, then wanted to invade Cuba after the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis, calling it "the greatest defeat in our history") as his running mate; actors Chill Wills and Walter Brennan endorse Wallace's campaign, in which he says that the only 4-letters hippies don't know are work and soap, tells hippies "I was killing fascists when you punks were in diapers", utters soundbytes "They're building a bridge over the Potomac for all the white liberals fleeing to Virginia", and "There's not a dime's worth of difference between the Democrat and Republican Parties"; too bad, LeMay, fresh from the years when the entire U.S. military thought it could fight and win a nuclear war puts his foot in his mouth with the un-PC soundbytes "I don't believe the world would end if we exploded a nuclear weapon" and "I think there are many cases where it would be most efficient to use nuclear weapons" - I smell popcorn? On Oct. 2 Pres. Johnson signs legislation creating the 505K-acre North Cascades Nat. Park in Wash. state, and the 58K-acre Redwood Nat. Park in Calif., home of the world's tallest tree - what will tree will tree? On Oct. 2 the Tlatelolco Massacre sees riot police and federal troops take on impoverished univ. students protesting an army takeover of the Nat. U. and the money lavished over the upcoming 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics (scheduled to start in 10 days) in the inner-city neighborhood of Tlatelolco in the Plaza of the Three Cultures (Plaza de las Tres Culturas) under the orders of pres. Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, who claims the protest was instigated by leftist writer Octavio Paz (1914-98) and his writer wife Elena Garro (1916-98), causing her to flee into exile for the next 20+ years; at least 10 plainclothes snipers on rooftops of the surrounding Tlatelolco housing complex open fire with machine guns on tens of thousands of students, becoming the worst govt. massacre since the 1910 Mexican Rev.; officials initially report 29 dead, then later raise the figure to 37; a U.S. diplomat says "nearly 200" were killed, and others count as many as 700 bodies; 2K are beaten and jailed, some for over two years; police ransack the office of a magazine publishing dramatic photos of the events, and the massacre crystallizes a generation of future leaders; super-cool Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006) is shot 3x, dragged down stairs by her hair and left for dead by the Mexican pigs, after which she exposes the massacre despite govt. denials; years later, after taking on illegal Mexican immigrants and Muslims, she utters the soundbyte "I don't love the Mexicans. If you hold a gun and say, 'Choose who is worse between the Muslims and the Mexicans', I have a moment of hesitation, then I choose the Muslims, because they have broken my balls." On Oct. 2-10 the Detroit Tigers (AL) defeat the St. Louis Cardinals (NL) 4-3 (4-1 in Game 7) to win the Sixty-Fifth (65th) World Series, helping unite the city after the 1967 Detroit Race Riot; on Oct. 2 Bob Gibson strikes out 17 Tigers players to win Game 1; Gibson also wins Game 4 and wins the Cy Young and MVP awards with a 1.12 ERA during the season; Denny McLain wins Game 6, while teammate pitcher Micky Lolich (1940-) goes 3-0 and becomes World Series MVP; too bad, cool blind Puerto Rican immigrant crossover artist Jose (José) Feliciano (1945-) sings The Star-Spangled Banner in slow, jazzy Latin-style, changing the arrangement, starting a (racist?) backlash among veterans and causing radio stations to quit playing his music for several years, even though the single reaches #50 on the Billboard Hot 100, and 10 mo. later Jimi Hendrix does his here's-what-it-looks-like-here's-what-it-feels-like electric guitar rendition at Woodstock sans backlash? White men can't jump, but they can throw? On Oct. 3 after a U.S. corp. is given permission to develop oilfields in N Peru, tanks roll into the Plaza de Armas, arresting pres. (since 1963) Fernando Belaunde Terry and sending him into exile (until Dec. 1970); coup leader Gen. Juan Velasco Alvarado (1910-77) is proclaimed pres. #1 of the "rev. govt. of the armed forces" (until Aug. 30, 1975), promulgating Plan Inca, promising to end the "unjust social and economic order", and going on to seize the Internat. Petroleum Co.'s La Brea and Parias oilfields, nationalize electric power, transportation and communications, and seize millions of acres of privately-owned farms, turning them into worker-managed pieces of cake; too bad, concentration on industrialization over rural development soon turns peasants and workers against the regime. On Oct. 4 Cambodia admits that the Viet Cong has been using their country for sanctuary in three provinces bordering South Vietnam. On Oct. 5 Catholics civil rights marchers, incl. several Stormont and British MPs march in Londonderry, Northern Ireland, and are dispersed by the Royal Ulster Constabulary. On Oct. 7 the U.S. Supreme Court opens its 1968-9 term with Earl Warren as chief justice. On Oct. 7 after being appointed by lame duck Pres. Johnson, Luverne, Minn.-born managing ed. of The Washington Post (since 1947) James Russell Wiggins (1903-2000) (known for ending racial IDs in news articles) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #8 (until Jan. 20, 1969), replacing George W. Ball, who resigned on Sept. 25 to advise Hubert H. Humphrey on foreign policy. On Oct. 7 the Motion Picture Assoc. of America (MPAA) adopts its MPAA Film Rating System, designed by former LBJ advisor Jack Valenti, ranging from "G" for "general" audiences to "X" for adult patrons only; as of Nov. 1 theater owners beginning bar children under 17 from X-rated films, and from R-rated films unless accompanied by a parent or guardian; too bad, the industry polices itself, and money becomes the main motivation for ratings? On Oct. 8 the U.S. launches Operation Sealord, an attack on North Vietnamese supply lines and base areas in the Mekong Delta. On Oct. 11 Apollo 7, the first manned Apollo mission is launched from Cape Kennedy with astronauts Navy Capt. Wally Schirra Jr. (1923-2007) (only astronaut to fly on Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo), Air Force Lt. Col. Donn Fulton Eisele (1930-87), and civilian Ronnie Walter "Walt" Cunningham (1932-); it orbits the Earth 163x (260 hours), rendezvouses with a stage from the Saturan launch vehicle, and gives the first live telecast from a manned spacecraft on Oct. 14, featuring a sign reading "From the lovely Apollo Room high atop everything", followed by a view of New Orleans and Fla. before splashing down in the Atlantic Ocean on Oct. 22; astronauts first use the nitrogen-pressurized Space Pen, made by Fisher Space Pen Co. of the U.S. On Oct. 12 Equatorial (formerly Spanish) Guinea on the W coast of Africa (ruled by Spain since 1778) becomes independent, with Francisco Macias (Masie Nguema Biyogo Negue Ndong) (1924-79) as pres. (until 1979), becoming the first Spanish-speaking sovereign country in Africa; too bad, he becomes a cruel dictator, killing tens of thousands (15% of the 300K pop.), causing 55% of the rest to flee, and allying with the Soviets while living high on the hog in a ruined economy, styling himself "Unique Miracle" and "Grandmaster of Education, Science, and Culture", loading the govt. with his relatives and clan members, and banning the word "intellectual" along with boats and fishing. On Oct. 12-27 the XIX (19th) (1968) Summer Olympic Games in 7,349-ft. alt. Mexico City are attended by 6,082 athletes from 112 countries; Detroit, Mich. was a candidate; drug testing makes its debut, causing cheating countries to hire cleverer doctors; Montevideo-born New York City sculptor Gonzalo Fonseca (1922-97) creates a 40-ft. cast-concrete tower for the games; the U.S. wins the most medals (107) as well as the most golds (45); the Soviet Union is #2 with 91 (29 golds); eight men's and six women's world track and field records fall to the lower gravity and air resistance (except the distance runners, who conk out from lack of oxygen); black U.S. athlete Robert "Bob" Beamon (1946-) sets a world long jump record of 29 ft. 2-1/2 in., besting the 1964 record set by Ralph Boston of the U.S. (27 ft. 4-3/4 in.), and his record stands until ?; black U.S. sprinter Jim Hines (1946-) becomes the first to run the 100m in under 10 sec. (9.95); white U.S. athlete Al Oerter (1936-) wins his 4th consecutive gold medal in the men's discus throw; Naftali Temu (1945-2003) of Kenya wins the 10K after passing Degaga "Mamo" Wolde (1932-2002) of Ethiopia with only 50m to go; Wolde wns the marathon, becoming the 2nd Ethiopian after Abebe Bikili in 1964; Australian runner Ronald William "Ron" Clarke (1937-2015) (who lit the Olympic Flame in the 1956 Melbourne Olympics and won the 10K bronze in 1964) collapses during the 10K final, sustaining permanent vitral valve damage in his heart from the altitude, causing him to complain that high altitude Olympics are rigged for African nig, er, genetic and geographical backgrounds, esp. after Mohamed Gammoudi (Mohammed Tlili ben Abdallah) (1938-) raised near sea level wins a gold in the 5K, outsprinting Kenyans Naftali and Kip Keino; James Ronald "Jim" Ryun (1947-) (first high schooler to run a 4-min. mile in 1964) of the U.S. wins a silver in the 1.5K after Kipchoge "Kip" Keino (1940-) of Kenya beats him by a record 20m; William Clark "Bill" Steinkraus (1925-) becomes the first to win a gold in show jumping for the U.S. on his horse Snowbound; on Oct. 16 U.S. athletes Tommie Smith (1944-) and John Carlos (1945-) wear long black socks while competing in the 200m run, then give a black power salute, raising their black-gloved fists (Smith right, Carlos left) while bowing their heads during their medal ceremony (Smith finishes 1st and Carlos 3rd, and Smith sets a world record at 19.8 sec.); despite being praised by Howard Cosell on Oct. 20, they are suspended by the USOC upon request of the IOC; silver medalist Peter George Norman (1942-2006) of Australia supports Smith and Carlos in ther podium stand; 7'2" UCLA Bruins center Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Ferdinand Lewis "Lew" Alcindor Jr.) (1947-) boycotts the Olympics; in 1969 after he joins the Milwaukee Bucks and makes too much use of them, scaring other teams, the slam dunk is made illegal in the NBA (until 1976); in 1969 leading scorer (16.1 points per game, .719 field goal percentage) 6'8" forward-center Spencer Haywood (1949-) of the U. of Detroit (sophomore) signs with the ABA Denver Rockets (#24) in 1969, being named rookie of the year, league MVP (youngest), and 1970 All-Star Game MVP, then with the help of owner Sam Schulman signs with the Seattle SuperSonics (#24) in 1970, becoming the first player to sign with the NBA without graduating from college, getting into a war with NBA commissioner Walter Kennedy that results in the anti-trust lawsuit Haywood v. National Basketball Association, which goes to the U.S. Supreme Court, which rules 7-2 on Mar. 1, 1971 (the Spencer Haywood Rule) that Haywood doesn't have to wait four years after graduating from college because he is a "hardship" case, needing to work to feed his family, after which he is loudly booed by Supersonics fans for years before moving to the New York Knicks (#42) in 1975-9, the New Orleans Jazz (#24) in 1979, the Los Angeles Lakers (#31) in 1979-80, Reyer Venezia in Italy in 1980-1, and the Washington Bullets (#24) in 1981-3; in the 1971 NBA Draft he officially becomes eligible is and selected #30 by the Buffalo Braves, who can't get him to leave Seattle. On Oct. 14 the U.S. Dept. of Defense announces that 24K Marines and soldiers will be sent back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours. On Oct. 14 the 90th U.S. Congress adjourns. On Oct. 16 Czech. signs a treaty with the Soviet Union allowing the latter to station troops within its borders indefinitely. On Oct. 16 the 1968 Rodney Riots rock Kingston, Jamaica after Guyanese historian and activist Walter Rodney (1942-80) is banned from the country. On Oct. 18 John Lennon and Yoko Ono are arrested in London for marijuana possession, messing up their relationship as John faces near deportation from the U.S., causing Yoko to worry about losing daughter Kyoko Chan Cox (1963-) if she leaves with him; they split in 1973-5 after Kyoko's father Anthony Cox kidnaps her in 1971. On Oct. 20 (Sun.) after he dumps opera diva Maria Callas for her, JFK's widow Jacqueline (Jackie) Bouvier Kennedy marries Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Sokatris (Socrates) "Ari" Onassis (1906-75) (who wears a red tie) on the privately-owned island of Skorpios; her daughter Caroline attends the ceremony; after pre-negotiations with Ted Kennedy, he offered her in advance $3M plus $1M for each son, plus $150K a year for life; "Ari promised that, if I'm good, next year he'll give me the Moon" (Jackie); "Hasn't anyone ever warned Jacqueline Kennedy about Greeks bearing gifts" (Alice Roosevelt Longworth); too bad, Onassis' daughter Christina poisoned his mind against Jackie, which considering the double assassination curse wouldn't have been hard; when he dies Jackie gets $10M-$26M, which is turned into $100M+ by her new late-life love (1980-), mature, cultured Antwerp-born Jewish diamond merchant Maurice Tempelsman (1929-). On Oct. 22 LBJ signs the U.S. Gun Control Act, regulating importation of guns, expanding 1938 gun dealer licensing reqts., and increasing the list of persons ineligible to purchase guns to non-business related felonies, minors, the mentally incompetent, and illegal drug users. On Oct. 23 Alben Truitt, grandson of U.S. vice-pres. Alben Barkley hijacks a Cessna 177 from Key West, Fla. to Cuba; after returning to the U.S. in Feb. 1969, he is sentenced to two consecutive terms of 20 years. On Oct. 25 the Soviet Union launches the Soyuz 2 spacecraft, followed on Oct. 26 by Soyuz 3, manned by Col. Georgi Timofeyevich Beregovoi (1921-95), who does rendezvous maneuvers with Soyuz 2 (200M or 650 ft. distance) and completes 64 orbits before landing in Russia on Oct. 30. On Oct. 26 a Monument to Czechs and Slovaks in WWII in Leamington Spa, England is dedicated. On Oct. 29 a law signed in Bratislava creates the Czech state of Bohemia and Moravia in the W, and the Slovak state in the SE. On Oct. 31 (Thur.) Pres. Johnson announces a complete cessation of "all air, naval, and artillery bombardment of North Vietnam" N of the 20th parallel (AKA Operation Rolling Thunder) effective Nov. 1, and begins withdrawing troops from Vietnam. On Oct. 31 U.S. nuclear-powered sub Scorpion is located after a frantic effort to keep nukes from spreading - they don't need it for the Onassis wedding anymore? On Oct. 31 a Communist rocket attack on Saigon kills 21 civilians; Hue and My Tho are also attacked. In Oct. student outbreaks in Pakistan cause the arrest of Pakistan People's Party leader Bhutto et al. On Nov. 1 the U.N. Gen. Assembly elects Colombia, Finland, Nepal, Spain, and Zambia to replace Brazil, Denmark, India, Canada, and Ethiopia on the U.N. Security Council in 1969-71. On Nov. 1-4 the Nat. Liberation Front (Viet Cong) delegation arrives in Paris to join the peace talks. On Nov. 4 Raymond Johnson hijacks a Beong 727 from New Orleans, La. to Cuba. On Nov. 5 the 1968 U.S. Pres. Election sees Repubs. Richard M. Nixon and Spiro T. Agnew defeat Dems. Hubert H. Humphrey and Edmund S. Muskie, with 31.770M (43.4%) (302 electoral votes) for Nixon, 31.270M (43.0%) (191 electoral votes) for Humphrey, and 9.906M (45 electoral votes) for George Wallace of the Am. Independent Party, who wins five Southern states, becoming the 4th time that a third party wins more than 10% of the vote in a U.S. Pres. Election (1892, 1912, 1924); Wallace becomes the last non-Dem. non-Repub. candidate to win any electoral votes (until ?); JFK conspiracy theorist and Freedom Rider Mark Lane and Dick Gregory of the Freedom and Peace Party, and anti-Vietnam War activist Dr. Benjamin Spock of the Peoople's Party (advocating free medical care, legalization of abortion and marijuana, a guaranteed minimum income, and immediate withdrawal of all U.S. troops from foreign countries) wins enough votes to fill a mini-piss pot maybe?; Shirley Chisholm (1924-2005) (D-N.Y.) becomes the first black woman elected to the U.S. Congress after she wins an upset V in Brooklyn's 12th Congressional District, which had been created by court-ordered reapportionment; her slogan is "unbought and unbossed"; she defeats James L. Farmer (1920-99), founder of the Congress of Racial Equality and a leader of the Freedom Rides in the South in the early '60s, and Ralph Carrano, the Conservative candidate; "I am an historical person at this point, and I'm very much aware of it" she tells The Washington Post a few mo. after being sworn in; she goes on to serve seven terms. On Nov. 5 Luis Alberto Ferre (Ferré) Aguayo (1904-2003) is elected gov. of Puerto Rico (until 1973) after the Popular Dem. Party splits into factions, ending 20 years of control of the governorship and 28 year of control of the legislature; Ferre goes on to increase wages and benefits, construct an airport, roads and beaches, and develop the island's copper mines - why is my office black, to intimidate my subordinates? On Nov. 6 the Third World Liberation Front supported by the SDA, Black Panthers, and students at San Francisco State College strike, demanding open admission and a Third World (Ethnic) (Black) Studies Dept., causing the college to close on Nov. 19; on Nov. 26 after pres. Robert R. Smith resigns, Vancouver, B.C., Canada-born Japanese-descent English prof. (since 1955) Samuel Ichiye "S.I." Hayakawa (1906-92) is appointed acting pres of the college, followed by permanent pres. next July 1969 (until July 10, 1973); on Dec. 6 after pulling the wires from loud speakers on the protesters' van at an outdoor rally, Hayakawa relents and creates the first College of Ethnic Studies in the U.S. after reopening the campus on Dec. 2, then closes it early for the Christmas vacation to avoid having high school students join the protest; the strike ends next Mar. 21. On Nov. 8 the Sun-orbiting Pioneer 9 satellte is launched from Cape Kennedy by a Delta rocket, which also sends a comm satellite into orbit. On Nov. 10 the Soviet Union launches the Zond VI spacecraft, which flies to the Moon and returns to Earth on Nov. 18 after taking photos of the Moon's limb with the Earth in the background. On Nov. 11 the U.S. begins Operation Commando Hunt (ends 1972) to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail through Laos into South Vietnam, eventually dropping 3M tons of bombs on Laos without seriously disrupting trail operations. On Nov. 11 a 2nd repub. is declared in the Maldives. On Nov. 11 Richard Nixon chooses Eisenhower's chief speech writer Bryce Nathaniel Harlow (1916-87) as his first staff aide. On Nov. 12 the U.N. admits Equatorial Guinea as its 126th member nation. On Nov. 13 a $27M Cambodia Dam Accord on the lower Mekong River is signed by 11 countries. On Nov. 13 a constitutional amendment in Austria reduces the voting age from 21 to 19 - now that Ahnuld is how old? On Nov. 14 Nat. Turn In Your Draft Card Day caps off a day of protest rallies on U.S. campuses as the Vietnam War U.S. death toll reaches 30K and U.S. troop strength reaches its peak of 550K. On Nov. 14 Yale U. announces that it's going co-ed after 268 years. On Nov. 17 the Soviet Union launches Proton IV, the largest automatic space station ever put into orbit, carrying a payload of 37,478 lb. On Nov. 19 after the Mali franc is devalued and the constitution suspended by pres. Modibo Keita in 1967, who begins ruling with an iron hand, a coup led by Gen. Moussa Traore (Traoré) (1936-) and Capt. Yoro Diakite (Diakité) (1932-72) arrests Keita, and Diakite becomes PM of Mali until next Sept., when the post is abolished until 1986; Keita dies in prison in 1977. On Nov. 20 (dawn) an explosion at the Consolidation Coal Co. mine along Buffalo Creek in Farmington, W. Va. kills 78; on Dec. 12 a fire at a Buffalo Mining Co. mine in nearby Lyburn, W. Va. kills three. Five years after who killed Kennedy, it's who killed white purity? On Nov. 22 the first interracial kiss on U.S. primetime TV is shown on the Star Trek episode Plato's Stepchildren when black busty comm. officer Uhura (Swahili "uhuru" = freedom) (Nichelle Nichols) from the United States of Africa kisses white skirt-chaser Capt. Kirk (William Shatner); to keep the heat down, they're supposed to be forced to do it by a Roman space dictator with super powers?; Martin Luther King Jr. talked Nichols into remaining on the series after she was thinking of leaving after the first season for Broadway, telling her he's her best and biggest fan. On Nov. 23 five Cubans hijack a Boeing 727 from Chicago, Ill. to Cuba. On Nov. 24 three Cubans hijack Pan Am Flight 281 (Boeing 707) from JFK Airport in New York City to Havana; in Dec. Luis Armando Pena Soltren, Jose Rafael Rios Cruz, Miguel Castro, and Alejandro Figueroa are indicted, after which Cruz gets 15 years, Castro 12 years, and Figueroa is acquitted; on Oct. 11, 2009 Soltren is arrested at JFK Internat. Airport in New York City. On Nov. 25 Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson dedicates Redwood Nat. Park in Calif. - she likes them big, red, and hard? On Nov. 26 South Vietnam ends its boycott of the Vietnam peace talks, and their delegation arrives in Paris on Dec. 8, but insists that the Viet Cong not be recognized as separate from the North Vietnamese delegation. On Nov. 26 France reduces its military budget by $80M and postpones its nuclear tests in the South Pacific. On Nov. 26 the world's 3rd largest telescope is dedicated at McDonald Observatory near Ft. Davis, Tex. - the Big Mac? On Nov. 26 Bell UH-1F heli pilot USAF 1st Lt. James Philip Fleming (1943-) rescues a 6-man Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire near Duc Co (30 mi. W of Pleiku), later receiving a Medal of Honor. On Nov. 30 Yugoslavia rejects the Soviet doctrine of limited sovereignty for "Communist Commonwealth" nations - do I look black? On Nov. 30 Cuban-born Montesino Sanchez hijacks a Boeing 720 from Miami, Fla. to Cuba. On Dec. 1 former law and sociology prof. Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodriguez (1916-), founder of the Christian Dem. Party (COPEI) is elected pres. of Venezuela (until Mar. 12 1974), winning by only 33K votes against a divided Accion Democratica Party, and is sworn-in next Mar. 11 in the first peaceful transfer of power between parties in the country's history; he goes on to pardon rebels, legalize the Communist Party, and establish diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, ditching the Betancourt Doctrine of not recognizing regimes who gained power by force as isolationist - preparing to create another Cuba on the coast of South America one day? On Dec. 3 still-slim Elvis Presley "the King" makes his Elvis Live Performance Comeback in an NBC-TV special. On Dec. 4 pres.-elect Nixon requests chief justice Earl Warren to remain on the Supreme Court until it adjourns next June, and he agrees. On Dec. 4 Sicilian rape victim Franca Viola (1947-) is married to an accountant in defiance of the Godfatherland custom that a raped woman is dishonored and cannot marry anyone except her rapist, usually a spurned admirer - everybody needs good feet? On Dec. 5 Eduardo Castera hijacks a Boeing 727 from Tampa, Fla. to Cuba. On Dec. 7 the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO) II is launched from Cape Kennedy. On Dec. 9 Pres. Nixon gives his This is the Place Speech, uttering the soundbyte: "If I were to pick a time in the whole history of man in which to live and a place in which to live I think the United States of America, 1968, this is the place, this is the time, and never forget it"; on Apr. 29, 1969 he utters a nearly identical soundbyte at the annual meeting of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, with 1969 substituted. On Dec. 10 the 300 Million Yen Robbery sees a motorcycle gang rob an armored Tokyo bank van of 300M yen ($1M), becoming Japan's biggest heist; they are never caught despite a 90%+ police apprehension rate. On Dec. 10 the 1-hour wheel series The Bold Ones debuts on NBC-TV for 90 episodes (until May 4, 1973), with four rotating segments, incl. "The New Doctors", starring E.G. Marshall and David Hartman, "The Lawyers", starring Burl Ives and Joseph Campanella, "The Protectors", starring Leslie Nelsen and Hari Rhodes, and "The Senator", starring Hal Holbrook. On Dec. 11 pres.-elect Nixon names 12 cabinet appointees, all male, and introduces them and their wives on TV - in a better idea? On Dec. 11 the BBC airs The Rolling Stones' Rock and Roll Circus, starring blues singer Taj Mahal (Henry Saint Clair Fredericks) (1942-), The Who (lead guitar Pete Townshend), J ohn Lennon and Yoko Ono's horrible band Dirty Mac (playing "Gitless", with Yoko Ono squawking like a monkey), and finishing with the Rolling Stone's Sympathy for the Devil in what amounts to a Satanic rite with everybody celebrating; Mick Jagger's words "Who killed the Kennedys, after all it was you and me" stun viewers so close to the assassination of RFK; the last appearance of Rolling Stones founder Brian Jones (who dies next year) with the Stones; the show is never reaired except once on VH1, then finally released to PBS in 2007; "Let's take a drink to the salt of the Earth." On Dec. 11 two men hijack a DC-8 from St. Louis, Mo. to Cuba. On Dec. 15 Hubert H. Humphrey announces plans to teach at Macalester College in St. Paul and the U. of Minn. in Minneapolis. On Dec. 16 the Spanish govt. finally revokes its 1492 ban on Jews, and reads the declaration at the opening of the first synagogue built in the country in 600 years. On Dec. 16 King Phumiphon Aduldet of Thailand and King Savang Vatthana of Laos inaugurate a new power line going between Ubol Ratana Dam in N Thailand and Vientane in Laos, sharing a red-carpeted raft in the middle of the Mekong River. On Dec. 17 Fla. heiress Barbara Jane Mackle (1948-) (Emory U. student in Atlanta, Ga.) is kidnapped and held for $500K ransom, being found alive in a coffin-sized box; Honduras-born kidnapper Ruth Eisemann-Schier (1942-) becomes the first woman to be placed on the FBI's most-wanted list, being apprehended on Dec. 22 along with her confederate, escaped convict Gary Steven Krist (1945-) (self-titled "Einstein of Crime"); she is paroled after serving four of a 7-year sentence, and deported to Honduras; Krist is paroled after 10 years and becomes a physician. On Dec. 18 the Intelsat III-A (first in a new series) comm satellite is launched from Cape Kennedy. On Dec. 19 the U.S. detonates a 1-megaton H-bomb at Pahute Mesa, Nev. underground. On Dec. 20 the Wing Walker boot-wearing Zodiac Killer murders teenie lovers David Arthur Faraday (17) and Betty Lou Jensen (16) in their car on lover's lane in Lake Herman Road in Benicia, Calif. with a .22-cal semi-auto pistol, becoming the first of up to 37 murders in N Calif. that the police attribute to him by Oct. 1969, confirming seven victims (four men, three women), of whom two survive; he gets his jollies by sending letters to the Bay Area Press containing four cryptograms, only one of which is solved; he isn't caught until ?. On Dec. 21 the U.N. Gen. Assembly adjourns its 23rd regular session. The Reverse Beagle Expedition of 1968? On Dec. 21 Apollo 8, the first U.S. manned mission to be propelled by the Saturn V launch vehicle and the first to orbit the Moon (first time that humans leave Earth's gravity) blasts off from Cape Kennedy, carrying Air Force Col. Frank Federick Borman II (1928-), Navy Capt. James Arthur "Jim" Lovell Jr. (1928-), and Air Force Maj. William Alison "Bill" Anders (1933-), reaching the Moon on Dec. 24 and giving a Christmas Eve Broadcast, where the crew takes turns quoting from the Bible Book of Genesis; after photographing the far side of the Moon for the first time, taking neat photos of Spaceship Earth, and making 10 lunar orbits, it returns, and on Dec. 27 makes a safe nighttime splashdown in the Pacific; Silly Putty (given to the astronauts by inventor Peter C. Hodgson in sterling silver eggs) is used to keep tools from floating away in space; "We came all this way to explore the Moon, and the most important thing is that we discovered the Earth" - take that, Charles Darwin? On Dec. 23 after the U.S. admits that it violated North Korean waters, the 82 surviving crew of the USS Pueblo cross the Bridge of No Return to South Korea preceded by the casket of Duane D. Hodges, wounded during the seizure of the ship on Jan. 23; as soon as the crew is safe the U.S. reneges on its admission, and the 60K U.S troops in South Korea tell them to stuff it; the Pueblo is put on display in Pyongyang Harbor (until ?). On Dec. 22 pres.-elect Nixon's daughter Julie Nixon (1948-) marries Ike's grandson Dwight David Eisenhower II (1948-) in New York City - they couldn't wait for the White House? On Dec. 25 future Mass. Sen. John Kerry claims he is sitting on a gunboat in Cambodia, "The president of the United States telling the American people that I was not there" (1986 U.S. Senate committee hearing). On Dec. 26 Arab terrorists fire on an Israeli airliner in Athens, killing one passenger; on Dec. 28 Israeli heli-borne commandos retaliate by bombing Beirut Internat. Airport, destroying 13 Lebanese airliners; on Dec. 31 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 262 condemning Israel for the attack. On Dec. 27 Communist China explodes its 2nd 3MT H-bomb, an improved device using plutonium in the primary. On Dec. 26 the British rock group Led Zeppelin plays their first U.S. concert in the Denver Auditorium Arena in downtown Denver, Colo. On Dec. 31 the Soviets use good old Communist industrial espionage to build and fly a supersonic aircraft, the Tu-144 "Charger", beating the capitalist Anglo-French Concorde; too bad, one crashes at the 1975 Paris Air Show, and it doesn't go into passenger service until Nov. 1, 1977, after which another one crashes in May 1978 in a test flight before delivery, grounding the passenger fleet after 55 flights; it remains in service as a cargo aircraft by 1983, for a total of 102 commercial flights. On Dec. 31 deputy mayor and mgr. of public works (since 1963) William Henry "Bill" McNichols Jr. (1910-97), brother of Colo. gov. (1957-63) Stephen McNichols becomes Dem. Denver mayor #40 (until July 1983), going on to supervise construction of Denver's 16th Street Mall, McNichols Sports Arena, Denver Center for the Performing Arts, and Auraria Campus, as well as additions to the Denver Art Museum and Mile High Stadium. In Dec. Yugoslavia passes constitutional amendments giving the chamber of nationalities more power. In Dec. Mao begins the Down to the Countryside Movement (literally "Up to the mountains and down to the villages") (ends 1978), ordering young intellectuals (middle school grads) in cities to move to the countryside - chuck the books, smell the manure, get some callouses? Indian guru Siri Singh Sahib Harbhajan Singh Khalsa Yogiji (Harhajan Singh Puri) (AKA Yogi Bhajan) (AKA Siri Singh Sahib) (1929-2004) emigrates to Canada, visiting Calif. late in the year and bringing Cunni, er, Kundalini Yoga to the U.S., founding 3HO (Health, Happy, Holy Org.) in Los Angeles next spring, while the 5th Dimension medley "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" tops the U.S. music charts; the record label is owned by his student Johnny Rivers; "His students flocked to him. Women so adored him, it became an honor just to wash his feet. Men longed for his approval. They trusted him to arrange their marriages and select their careers." (Los Angeles Times); Kundalini is really an Antichrist spiritual counterfeit of the Holy Ghost? In Japan students and radicals stage repeated demonstrations against renewal of the 1960 U.S.-Japanese Mutual Security Treaty and against visits by U.S. nuclear-powered or equipped vessels. Polish Communist leader (since 1946) Wladyslaw Gomulka (1905-82) helps stir up anti-Semitic feelings; within the next two years most of the 30K Polish Jews are forced to leave. NATO forms a standing consultative group to deal with eventual threats to the security of Malta. The Moro Nat. Liberation Front is established by Muslims in Mindanao, Philippines to fight for independence. Ugandan pres. Milton Obote promotes big boxing champ Brig. Gen. Idi Amin Dada (1926-2003) to maj. gen., announces a turn to the left and tries to remove influential Bugandan officials from power, replacing them with members of his own ethnic Acholi and Langi tribes. Los Angeles County superior court judge Shirley Mount Hufstedler (1925-) is appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals, becoming the first woman U.S. appellate justice. In the 85%-black Bahamas the mainly black Progressive Liberal Party, led by PM (since 1967) Lynden O. Pindling wins an overwhelming V over the mainly white United Bahamians, who had controlled the 700+ islands and 2.4K islets and cays for decades. Parti Quebecois is formed to work for the political independence of Quebec; meanwhile the Nat. Indian Council in Canada is dissolved, and the Canadian Metis Society is formed (changed to Native Council of Canada in 1970), along with the Nat. Indian Brotherhood. The U.S. EEOC rules that sex-segregated help wanted ads in newspapers are illegal; the U.S. Supreme Court upholds it in 1973. The U.S. Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. (Freddie Mac) is chartered by the U.S. Congress to supplement the Federal Nat. Mortgage Assoc. (established 1938) to give S&Ls access to secondary mortgage funds. The U.S. govt. moves the Bikini islanders back to their atoll after claiming that radioactive contamination from the 1956 H-bomb test has reached sufficiently low levels. Thousands die of starvation in Biafra this year - but they don't have a catwalk to strut on like the U.S. blacks do? The British Immigration Act of 1968 excludes thousands of Asians in Kenya from residency in Britain even though they have been offered and accepted British nationality. Tasmania abolishes capital punishment. After public reaction against prosectuion of the Edward Bond play "Saved" and John Osborne's play "A Patriot for Me", the Theatres Act of 1968 is passed by the British Parliament, abolishing the 1737 Licensing Act along with censorship of the stage. The Black Muslim Hanafi Movement in the U.S. is formed in New York City by former members of the Nation of Islam, incl. Khalifa Hamaas Abdul Khaalis (Ernest 2X McGee) (-2003), later moving to Washington, D.C., and staging the Hanafi Siege on Mar. 9-11, 1977. Desert locusts devastate crops in Saudi Arabia and other countries along the Red Sea in their first major locust plague since 1944. The U.S. is the Land of Plenty, so why care about the rest of the world? Farm labor represents only 7% of the U.S. workforce, down from 10% in 1960, with another 32% of the workforce is engaged in supplying the farmer or handling his produce; the avg. U.S. farm subsidy reaches $1K, up from $175 in 1960, while the number of U.S. farms continues to drop, and a few fat cats get big subsidies; avg. U.S. farm production is 70 bushels of corn per care, up from 25 in 1916, with some farmers producing 200 bushels per acre; U.S. crop acreage produces yields 80% above those in 1920, during which the output per breeding animal has doubled; U.S. farms have 5M tractors, 900K grain combines, 780K hay balers, 660K corn pickers and shellers, and all major crops harvested by machine. U.S. natural gas consumption begins to exceed new gas discoveries, causing reserves for interstate pipelines to begin falling, while the artificially low prices established by the Federal Power Commission cry marry me, marry me?; oil is discovered on Alaska's North Slope, becoming the largest reserve N of the Mexican border; petroleum cos. join forces to establish the Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. to bring the oil S to the ice-free port of Valdez (whose facilities have been rebuilt since the 1964 earthquake, pissing-off environmentalists. The U.S. Coast Guard reports 714 major oil spills this year, up from 371 in 1966, while enzyme detergents introduced by Procter & Gamble, Lever Brothers, and Colgate-Palmolive this year begin to create problems in U.S. water and sewage systems; the U.S Dept. of the Interior estimates that water pollution kills 15M fish each year, two-thirds of them commercial varieties; avg. fish consumption reaches 11 lbs., highest in a decade, with 58% of the fish imported. The U.S. Wild and Scenic Rivers Act is passed, protecting parts of some rivers from commercial exploitation. Electronic testing of milk is introduced commercially in the U.S. The U.S. House issues a Report on Lake Erie, declaring that the ickly lake is so polluted that it is essentially dead and that if all further pollution ceases it will take 500 years to restore it to its condition during World War II. Nuclear Materials Equipment Corp. begins sterilizing bacon and potatoes with radiation from radioactive cobalt-60 as a means of preserving them; in Apr. U.S. FDA commissioner James L. Goddard (1923-) refuses to permit radiated canned ham to be used for human consumption by the U.S. Army. The U.S. research ship USNS Glomar Challenger begins the Deep Sea Drilling Project, drilling 19K cores out of the ocean floor in 96 drilling runs over the next 15 years - what a boring job? The Condon Report of the U. of Colo. UFO Project (founded 1966), commissioned by the U.S. Air Force and headed by physicist Edward Uhler Condon (1902-74) (U as in UFO?) concludes that UFOs don't exist after investigating 12K sightings and narrowing them down to 791 "unexplained" ones - the first thing to learn is that you're not crazy? The first 326K-ton supertanker goes into service on charter to Gulf Oil Corp.; five sister ships soon follow. Regular hovercraft service starts across the English Channel. Mich.-born poet (mgr. of the band MC5 since 1966) John Sinclair (1941-) founds the White Panther Party, a group of white anti-racist counterculture Socialists who want to assist the Black Panthers and the civil rights movement; too bad, in July 1969 he is arrested for giving two joints of marijuana to a narc, and sentenced to 10 years in priz, causing a movement to be formed to free him, resulting in a 1971 concert featuring John Lennon and Yoko Ono that gets him released in three days. The word "Negro" starts to become un-PC, with the word "black" taking its place, along with "black is beautiful" - they're everywhere, run for the hills? The Amistad Reservoir in Tex. on the Mexican border is built, causing the Goodenough Spring (tributary of the Rio Grande) to be submerged, resulting in the Amistad gambusia small fish to be declared extinct in 1987. The Soviet Union opens an 800 KW tidal power station near Murmansk. Volkswagen chief (since 1948) Heinz Nordhoff (b. 1899) dies on Apr. 12, and is succeeded by Kurt Lotz (1912-2005) (until 1971); VW has 57% of the U.S. import market, with 569K vehicles sold this year (120K in 1959), and 70% of the models priced under $1.8K - save lotz with VW? 65-y.-o. U.S. Sen. (R-S.C.) J. Strom Thurmond (b. 1902) marries 21-y.-o. beauty queen Nancy (b. 1947); his first wife Jean died in 1960; they have four children, and separate in 1991 - trading in a forty for two twenties again? BankAmericard holders number 14M this year, up from 2M at the end of 1966, with 316K U.S. merchants accepting the card (64K at the end of 1966). The Riksbank (Central Bank) of Sweden establishes the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in celebration of its 300th anniv., to be awarded for the first time in 1969. Terence J. Cooke (1921-83) succeeds Francis Spellman as Catholic archbishop of New York. After capturing the Sinai Peninsula last year, Israel builds the Bar Lev Line, a chain of fortifications along the E coast of the Suez Canal; it is abandoned during the October 1973 War. Pope Paul VI orders the disbanding of the Noble Guard and Palatine Guard of Honor, leaving only the Vatican Gendarmerie and the Swiss Guard (until 1971). The Ananda Church of Self-Realization is founded in Nevada City, Calif. by Swami Kriyananda (J. Donald Walters), a disciple of Paramahansa Yogananda. Sri (Shri) Ram Sena (Hindu "Army of Lord Ram") is founded by right-wing Hindu nationalist politican Balasheb Keshav "Bal" Thackeray (1926-) to oust Muslims from Bombay (Mumbai), with the slogan "Maharashtra for Maharashtrans"; in 2002 he calls for Hindu suicide squads to fight them. The Islamic Circle of North Am. in Jamaica, N.Y. is founded by Muslims from the Indian subcontinent. A nationwide boycott of table grapes is organized by Caesar Chavez of the United Farm Workers, and gains wide support after Chavez dramatizes "La Causa" (The Cause) with long fasts; Chicano teacher Salvador B. "Sal" Castro (1933-) organizes the East Los Angeles Walkouts (Chicano Blowouts) by 20K Chicanos from five Los Angeles high schools over the low quality of their education, winning concessions, after which many sudent organizers become prominent activists. The Mexican-Am. Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF) is founded in the U.S. to fight for the rights of Latinos, going on to win big Vs in Plyler v. Doe in 1982 and GI Forum v. Perry in 2006. Britain refuses entry to Scientology students and teachers on the grounds that the cult is "socially harmful" and that its "authoritarian principles and practices are a potential menace to the well-being of those so deluded as to become followers"; the ban stays in effect until 1980. Flintstones brand vitamins are introduced to the market, with a cast consisting of Fred, Wilma, Barney, Pebbles, Bamm-Bamm and Dino, but no Betty (until 1995). Airline stewardesses no longer have to be single, but still have to sell tickets, load luggage (incl. the pilots'), and salute pilots, who never speak to them. John McConnell (1915-2012) designs the Earth Flag (Internat. Flag of Earth) based on the first photo of Earth from Apollo Life mag., with the motto: "World Equality". Action for Children's Television (ACT) is founded in Newton, Mass. by Peggy Charren (1928-) and three other women to stop violence and promotion of unwholesome products on commercial programming aimed at kids. The New York Times carries an Interview by Gloria Steinem of Richard and Pat Nixon aboard a plane on the campaign trail, where Pat tells her: "I haven't just sat back and thought of myself or my ideas or what I wanted to do. Oh, no, I've stayed interested in people. I've kept working... I don't have time to worry about who I admire or who I identify with. I've never had it easy. I'm not like all those people who had it easy", saying that a "good Republican cloth coat" is still good enough for her (no mink); meanwhile her hubby calls the Congressional Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (created in 1967) "morally bankrupt", and adds that "So long as I am in the White House, there will be no relaxation of the national effort to control and eliminate smut from our national life" - he'll personally review it all? Indian PM Indira Gandhi warns that the gap between rich and underdeveloped nations must be narrowed or "men and women will be impelled to revolt". Donald Trump graduates #1 at Wharton School of Finance in Penn. The 20K-pound Booker-McConnell Prize (later the Man Booker Prize) is established by the Publishers Assoc. of Britain and the Booker Food Co. to emulate France's 1903 Priz Goncourt, becoming Britain's most coveted lit. award; awarded for the best British Commonwealth and South African fiction; the first award (for 1969) goes to Percy Howard Newby (1918-97). Four big opera singer debuts in New York in one year? Luciano Pavarotti (1935-2007) makes his Metropolitan Opera debut on Apr. 23 singing the role of Rodolfo in Puccini's 1896 "La Boheme"; Shirley Verrett (1931-) makes her Metropolitan Opera debut on Sept. 21 singing the title role in Bizet's 1875 "Carmen"; Spanish tenor Placido Domingo (1941-) (who debut in 1961 in "La Traviata") makes his Metropolitan Opera debut on Sept. 28 singing the role of Maurice de Saxe in Cilea's 1902 "Adriana Lecouvrer"; English soprano Elizabeth Harwood (1938-90) makes her Covent Garden debut on Oct. 15 singing the role of the Fiakermilli, belle of the Coachmen's Ball in Strauss' 1933 "Arabella", then makes her New York City debut in an October Town Hall recital; she makes her Metropolitan Opera debut on Oct. 15, 1975 as Fiordiligi in Mozart's 1790 opera "Cosi Fan Tutte". 6-y.-o. Jodie Foster makes her acting debut in Mayberry R.F.D., followed by Daniel Boone. The Beatles found Apple Records; the logo is a green Granny Smith apple. Ralph Ginzburg launches the mag. Avant Garde (Jan. 1968-July 1971), featuring provocative but not obscene content, incl. a parody of Archibald Willard's 1875 painting "The Spirit of '76" with a white woman and black man; Herbert F. "Herb" Lubalin (1918-81) creates the Avant Garde Typeface for it. Roman Catholic layman Jerzy Turowicz (1912-99) of the Polish weekly pub. Tygodnik POWszechny defies the authorities who have launched an anti-Semitic purge by pub. articles by Jewish writers and inviting Jewish poet Anton Slonimsky to be a contributing ed. The Journal of Economic Theory (JET) is founded (until ?), becoming a top academic journal in economics. The Children of God (later the Family Internat.) Christian cult is founded in Huntington Beach, Calif. by new Messiah David Brandt Berg (1919-94), who calls himself Moses David, starting the new evangelism method of "Flirty Fishing" in 1974, where members engage in religious prostitution, incl. child members; to combat it, the anti-COG group Freecog (Free the Children of God) is formed in 1971, becoming the first anti-cult movement in the U.S. After he and Alan Watts found the Am. Academy of Asian Studies (AAAS) in 1951 in San Francisco, Calif., the Calif. Inst. of Integral Studies in San Francisco is founded by Bengali-born Haridas Chaudhuri (1913-75), a disciple of Sri Aurobindo, expanding to enroll 1.4K students annually; too bad, after earning accreditation for the Doctor of Psychology degree from the Am. Psychological Assoc. (APA) in 2003, it is revoked in 2011; Integral Psychology is defined as "a psychological system concerned with exploring and understanding the totality of the human phenomenon....(which) at its breadth, covers the entire body-mind-psyche-spirit spectrum, while at its depth... encompasses the previously explored unconscious and the conscious dimensions of the psyche, as well as the supra-conscious dimension traditionally excluded from psychological inquiry" (Bahman Shirazi). The Woodrow Wilson Internat. Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C. is founded by Congress as part of the Smithsonian Ins. Bolivian-born philosopher Oscar Ichazo (1931-) founds the Arica Inst. (School) human potential movement org., developing the Enneagram of Personality (Gr. "ennea" + "gramma" = nine + written), a diagram composed of a cirlce with nine points on the circumference, connected inside by three triangles, which was originally used for divination, but which he use to diagram nine standard character types: Perfectionist, Giver, Performer, Romantic, Observer, Loyal Skeptic, Epicure, Protector, Mediator; George Gurdjieff and Chilean psychologist Claudio Naranjo (1932-), founder of the Seekers After Truth Inst. were also instrumental. The Black P. (Peace) Stone Nation (BPSN) is founded in Chicago, Ill. by the Blackstone Rangers (formed in the late 1950s) as a mostly black street gang; in 1976 an Islamic faction called the El Rukn Tribe of the Moorish Science Temple of Am. is founded by Abdullah-Malik (Jeff Fort) (1947-), who is convicted in 1987 of conspiring with Libya to perform acts of domestic terrorism. Czech-born Karel Ancerl (1908-73) becomes conductor of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra - let's hear some Michael Haydn? Arthur Mitchell establishes a dance school which leads to the 1969 founding of the Dance Theatre of Harlem. German-born Jewish Am. pianist Andre Previn (1929-) becomes conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra (until 1979); in 1976-84 he also becomes dir. of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, followed in 1985 by the Los Angeles Philharmonic; meanwhile in 1970-9 he marries Mia Farrow, and in 1978 adopts Korean-born Soon Yi Previn (1970-), who later hooks up with Farrow's beau Woody Allen. Sculptor Caesar creates a sensation during a black-tie reception at London' s Tate Gallery by mixing chemicals to produce a liquid-foam expansion onto the floor - I'll take an end-piece? Ottawa, Canada-born U.S. Air Force Maj. Kenneth H. Cooper (1931-), M.D. launches the aerobics craze, with the goal being 50 ml of oxygen consumption in 12 min., along with 10K steps a day. The U. of Ill. at Urbana-Champaign establishes the first Doctor of Psychology (Psy. D.) prof. degree program. U.S. physicians study Chinese Restaurant Syndrome AKA Kwok's Disease (burning sensations, diziness, headache, numbness, chest pain), tracing it to overuse of monosodium glutamate (MSG) by Chinese food chefs. Britain's Ministry of Health rules that newspaper used by fish-and-chips shops is not a hygienic container for foods and outlaws it, but many shopkeepers continue to use it because it retains heat, soaks up excess vinegar, and provides a napkin, but get by with putting the food in a white wrapper inside the newsprint, causing the Nat. Union of Journalists to continue to telegraph their annual greeting to the Federation of Fish Friers: "Your trade is wrapped up in ours." The Society for Nutrition Education is founded in San Francisco, Calif. to counter misinfo. about nutrition. Des Moines, Iowa-born physician Stanley Biber (1923-2006) sets up shop in the small town of Trinidad in S Colo. performing sex-change operations starting next year with a trans woman, turning Trinidad into "the Sex Change Capital of the World"; he retires in 2003 and gives the vaginoplasty scalpel to Dr. Marci L. Bowers (1957-), a transgender male-turned-female. After being influenced by the Unity Church, Napoleon Hill, and multi-level marketing, English-born Alexander Everett (1921-2005) founds Mind Dynamics in Tex. to give seminars; too bad, it folds in Dec. 1973 after the death of co-owner William Penn Patrick amid allegations of fraud and practicing medicine without a license; its students go on to found other similar orgs. incl. est, Lifestream, Life Dynamics, Context Trainings, Actualizations, PSI World Seminars, and Personal Dynamics. The German NSU Ro 80 becomes the first Wankel-engine car marketed in Britain; meanwhile Toyo Kogyo of Japan uses a Wankel engine in its new Mazda cars. The $15M Circus Circus hotel-casino, the first "family-friendly" casino opens on Oct. 18 in Las Vegas, Nev., featuring a medieval castle, a huge $1M statue of Lucky the Clown, and acrobats rather than girly shows and music-hall stars; meanwhile Howard Hughes, planning to buy the Sands and other casinos, lobbies the Nevada state legislature, getting it to enact a law next year permitting Hilton Hotels, Holiday Inn et al. to own casino-hotel properties in the city - sin is now a family sport? Data General Corp. is founded by a group of nine ex-DEC engineers led by Ed DeCastro, and soon introduces the NOVA 16-bit minicomputer, causing DEC to counter with the 16-bit PDP-11, featuring the UNIBUS. Marriott Corp. founds Roy Rogers Family Restaurants in Falls Church, Va. in cooperation with cowboy singer Roy Rogers to replace their Hot Shoppes Jr. fast food chain, featuring tasty roast beef sandwiches and fried chicken, expanding to 51 stores by 2015; in 1982 Marriott acquires Gino's Mid-Atlantic restaurant chain for $48.6M and converts 180 of its 313 restaurants to Roy Rogers until they are acquired by Hardee's in 1990, after which all but 13 of the remaining restaurants are sold by 1996. Legoland opens near the Lego factory on the Jutland peninsula at Billund, Denmark, becoming a big tourist attraction. Sony Corp. introduces the 3-electron gun Trinitron color TV set, whose aperture-grill-based CRT is 25% brighter than shadow mask CRTs; the patent expires in 1996, opening competition up- leave it to Buddhists to name something after the Trinity without causing a religious controversy? The Suzuki Jimny line of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) is introduced (until ?). Czech-born British Jewish conductor Walter Susskind (1913-80), former head of the Scottich Orchestra and Toronto Symphony Orchestra becomes conductor of the St. Louis, Mo. Symphony Orchestra. Mexican-born dancer Jose Arcadio Limon (José Arcadio Limón) (1908-72) founds the Jose Limon Dance Co. in New York City. Welsh pop singer Tom Jones (1940-) breaks through to a new level when adoring women begin throwing their panties onstage at the Copacabana Night Club in New York City. Russian Jewish violinist David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (1908-74), longtime friend of Dmitri Shostakovich is honored in Moscow on his 60th birthday, being acclaimed as one of the greats. Buck Owens performs at the Fillmore West in Haight Ashbury, San Francisco, Calif., which helps launch Country Rock, an outgrowth of the Bakersfield Sound, which is adopted by the Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Dr. Hook, John Fogerty and the Blue Ridge Rangers, Bob Dylan, Gene Clark, Gram Parsons, Emmylou Harris, Poco, the Flying Burrito Brothers, the Everly Brothers, the Outlaws, Ricky Nelson, Mike Nesmith, Neil Young, the Dillards, the Doobie Brothers, Linda Ronstadt and the Pure Prairie League, New Riders of the Purple Sage, the Ozark Mountain Daredevils, the Beau Brummels, the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Eagles, Brooks and Dunn, the Grateful Dead, Bruce Springsteen, Rascal Flatts, Keith Urban, Toby Keith, Trace Adkins, Steve Earle et al. Manhattan, N.Y. born Jewish leftist feminist journalist Ellen Jane Willis (1941-2011) becomes the first pop-rock music critic for The New Yorker (until 1975), with the column "Rock, etc.", becoming the first with a nat. audience - took long enough, huh? A great year to be a New York City Jewish fashion designer? Ralph Lauren Corp. fashion clothing co. is founded by New York City Jewish fashion designer Ralph Lauren (Lifshitz) (1939-), producing the "old money" and "old West" Polo brand; New York City Jewish fashion designer Calvin Klein (1942-) displays his first collection, preferring functional simplicity; Anne Klein & Co. is founded by New York City Jewish fashion designer Anne Klein (1923-74) and her 2nd hubby Matthew "Chip" Rubenstein, making a girdle to be worn under miniskirts; spring fashions bring the midi (midcalf) skirt; late in the year the maxi (just above the ankle) becomes in, and by the end of the year women finally can wear their skirts at any length desired; the film "Bonnie and Clyde" causes a nostalgia for 1930s looks; the "rich hippie look" apes young people going to thrift shops scavaging for colorful items with lavish furs, jewels, Pocahontas dresses, Indian headbands, Navajo scarfs, guru, gaucho, and harem pants, guru meditation shirts, and plenty of vests - now you really have to look twice to tell the gender? Sports: On Jan. 8 the $6M Pacific Coliseum (AKA the Rink on Renfrew) opens, becoming the home of the WHL and NHL Vancouver Canucks. The Year of the Tiger in China and the Year of the Tigers in baseball? On Jan. 20 the Houston Cougars defeat the UCLA Bruins 71-69 after 7'2" center Lew Alcindor (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) only scores 15 points due to a left corneal injury; he gets so good at it that the dunk shot is banned in college basketball, and not relegalized until 1977. On Jan. 22 the NBA awards two expansion team franchises; the Milwaukee Bucks is formed, playing their first NBA regular season game against the Chicago Bulls before a Milwaukee Arena crowd of 8,467; their first V is in game #6, defeating the Detroit Pistons by 134-118; the Phoenix Suns is formed, becoming the first major prof. sports team in Ariz. until the Phoenix Cardinals in 1988; the team is name is picked from 28K entries in a contest sponsored by the Arizona Republic; after both teams tie for last, they flip a coin to see who gets the first pick in the 1969 draft, and the Bucks pick Lew Alcindor of UCLA, then have to win a bidding war with the ABA to keep him. On Feb. 25 the 1968 (10th) Daytona 500 is won by William Caleb "Cale Yarborough (1939-) (#21) in a 1968 Mercury after a record 11 caution flags (60 laps) (until 2005), beating no-relation Lonnie "LeeRoy" Yarbrough (1938-84) by less than 1 sec. In Feb. Alex Haley interviews retired Cleveland Browns RB Jim Brown. On Mar. 4 after Muhammad Ali's title was stripped by the WBA 10 mo. earlier, Joseph William "Smokin' Joe" Frazier (1944-2011) of Philly KOs Buster Mathis (1943-95) of Grand Rapids, Mich. in round 11 in New York City to gain heavyweight boxing title recognition in six states (Ill., Maine, Mass., N.Y., Penn., Tex.); on Apr. 27 in Oakland, Calif. (after an 8-man tournament to fill Clay's place) James Albert "Jimmy" Ellis (1940-) of Louisville, Ky. outpoints "the Bellflower Bomber" Jerry Quarry (1945-99) of Los Angeles in 15 rounds to win the WBA heavyweight title (until 1970); on Sept. 14 Ellis scores a close decision over former champ Floyd Patterson in Stockholm; Frazier goes on to win an undisputed title in 1970, becoming world heavyweight champ #23 (until 197?). On Apr. 3 the 1968 NBA Draft sees 14 teams select 214 players in 21 rounds; on May 8 and 10 the 2nd and remaining rounds are held; 6'9" Rayville, La.-born center-forward Elvin Ernest Hayes (1945-) of the U. of Houston is selected #1 overall by the San Diego Rockets (#44); Louisville, Ky.-born 6'7" center Westley Sissel "Wes" Unseld (1946-) of the U. of Louisville is selected #2 overall by the Baltimore Bullets (#41), winning rookie of the year and MVP in his first season (2nd player after Wilt Chamberlain in 1960), going on to spend his entire career with them (until 1981), becoming vice-pres. for six years before becoming their head coach in 1987-94. On Apr. 21-May 2 the 1968 NBA Finals (first in May) sees the Boston Celtics (coach Bill Russell) defeat the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Butch van Breda Kolff) by 4-2. On May 3-5 black tennis player Arthur Ashe is allowed to play on the whites-only courts at Byrd Park in Va. for the first time, helping the U.S. Davis Cup team defeat the British West Indies team; Wimbledon finally allows profs. to complete; Rod Laver wins the Wimbledon men's singles tennis title, and Billy Jean King wins the women's title; Arthur Ashe becomes the first African-Am. to win the U.S. Open men's singles tennis title at Forest Hills, N.Y.; Margaret Court Smith wins the women's singles title; Ashe also wins his first U.S. Open men's singles, while Sarah Virginia Wade (1945-) of Britain wins the women's singles title; on July 22 Philip Morris introduces Virginia Slims brand cigarettes for women in 1968, with the slogan "You've come a long way, baby", and the message that smoking keeps your weight down and tennis is a spectator sport?;meanwhile the avg. smoker puffs down 205 packs a year (571.1B cigs total). Dancer's Image (1965-92), ridden by jockey Robert N. "Bobby" Ussery (1935-) wins the Kentucky Derby on May 4, but is disqualified after disclosure of the analgesic anti-inflammatory drug phenylbutazone in his system, causing Forward Pass (1965-80) to be awarded first place, going on to win the Preakness Stakes; too bad, phenylbutazone is later permitted to be used by horses when running. On May 5-11 the 1968 Stanley Cup Finals see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the St. Louis Blues 4-0; each game is decided by one goal; MVP is 5'11" Blues goalie Glenn Henry "Mr. Goalie" Hall (1931-), inventor of the butterfly style of goalkeeping. On May 8 "Jason Lee in My Name Is Earl" lookalike James Augustus "Jim" "Catfish" Hunter (1946-99) of the Oakland Athletics (who change their name from Kansas City Athletics this year) pitches the first perfect game in the American League (AL) in 46 years and the 7th in ML history against the Minnesota Twins before a crowd of 6,298 at Oakland Coliseum; the last time was Charles Robertson of Chicago vs. Detroit on Apr. 30, 1922; in 1974 Hunter becomes the ML's first free agent and moves to the New York Yankees with a record $3.75M 5-year contract. On May 30 the 1968 (52nd) Indianapolis 500 is won by Robert William "Bobby" Unser (1934-), brother of Al Unser Sr., becoming the first of three (1975, 1981). On June 8 6'5" Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher #53 (1956-69) Donald Scott "Don" "Big D" Drysdale (1936-93) pitches his 58th consecutive shutout inning (first on May 14); he is beaten by fellow Dodgers pitcher Orel Hershiser in 1988. On June 10 after a 1-1 tie on June 8, Italy beats Yugoslavia 2-0 in a replay to win the 1968 European Soccer championship. On June 16 "Supermex" Lee Buck Trevino (1939-), son of a Dallas gravedigger defeats Jack Nicklaus to win the U.S. Open at Oak Hill Country Club in Rochester, N.Y., becoming a golf celeb, his followers becoming known as Lee's Fleas; 48-y.-o. Conn.-born Julius Nicholas Boros (1920-1994) becomes the oldest player to win a major golf title (until ?), the PGA championship; Arnold Palmer becomes the first pro golfer to win $1M, eventually starting in 48 straight Masters tournaments. On June 20 the AAU track championships in Sacramento, Calif. become known as the Night of Speed, as 10 men break or tie the existing world record of 10.0 sec. in the 100 meters - 10.0 is now old school? On June 25 San Francisco Giants right fielder Bobby Lee Bonds (1946-2003) becomes the first rookie to hit a homer with bases filled in his first ML game (3rd time at bat) against the Los Angeles Dodgers. On Sept. 17 the Detroit Tigers win the AL pennant for the first time since 1945 as they defeat the New York Yankees; Chicago-born pitcher Denny McLain (1944-) (known for drinking 25 Pepsis a day?) wins 31 of 36 games, becoming Detroit's first (only?) 30-game winner, ML's first since Dizzy Dean in 1934 (next in ?); in his 31st V McLain shows class by giving up a "fat" pitch to Mickey Mantle to allow him to hit his 535th homer and pass Jimmie Foxx in career homers - Tom Selleck is pleased? On Sept. 17 the D'Oliveira Affair sees the Marylebone Cricket Club tour of South Africa canceled when the South Africans refuse to accept the presence of Basil Lewis D'Oliveira (1931-) (a white-passing Cape Coloured) in the side. On Sept. 26 the Cincinnati Bengals NFL team is founded as an AFL expansion team by former Cleveland Browns coach (1945-63) Paul Eugene Brown (1908-91), who becomes coach #1 (until Jan. 1, 1976); it joins the NFL in the 1970 AFL-NFL merger; he keeps asst. coach Bill Walsh down for years, telling other teams that he's not head coach material, then loses two Super Bowls to San Francisco 49ers teams coached by him. Ex-U.S. pres. Dwight David Eisenhower hits his first and only hole-in-one in golf, becoming the first for a U.S. pres. (Gerald Ford is #2). On Oct. 1-17 the Japan Gold Cup in Tokyo is the first PBA tournament in Japan, with eight U.S. bowlers competing, and Prince Mikasa attending on Oct. 16; the winner is Don Johnson. On Oct. 6 5'11" Omaha, Neb.-born Marlin Oliver "the Magician" Briscoe (1945-) becomes the first starting African-Am. QB in prof. football (AFL), going on to set a Denver rookie QB record of 14 TD passes in five starts, and a cord 335 passing yards against Buffalo on Nov. 24; too bad, coach Nick Saban won't use him as a starter in the 1969 season, so he moves to the Buffalo Bills, only to be told that he can't be a QB and must become a wide receiver, going on to lead in TD catches and receptions before moving to the Miami Dolphins in 1971 and winning two Super Bowls. On Oct. 10 Galva, Iowa-born Beverly Ann Ortner (1938-2003) bowls the first WIBC-sanctioned 800 series, rolling 818 (267-264-287) on a 5-woman team; her record stands for 10 years. On Nov. 17 the Heidi Game (Bowl) sees an Okland Raiders comeback V over the New York Jets preempted by NBC-TV with 65 sec. to go to show the 104-min. made-for-TV film Heidi, dir. by Delbert Mann of "Marty" fame and starring Blake Edwards' daughter Jennifer Edwards, causing angry phone calls by legions of pissed-off football fans after the score goes from 32-29 to 32-43 as Oakland scores two TDs in the space of 9 sec., while announcer Curt Gowdy doesn't know he's off the air; the NFL gets language accepted in its TV contracts guaranteeing that games will be shown in their entirety to local markets. On Nov. 23 after both teams go 8-0 (first time both teams go unbeaten and untied since 1909), the 1968 Yale vs. Harvard Football Game at Harvard Stadium ends in a 29-29 tie after Harvard makes a miraculous comeback, scoring 16 points in the final 42 sec. with Yale leading 29-13, scoring a TD and 2-pt. conversion to make the score 29-21, after which Yale dittos to make the final score 29-29, causing the Harvard Crimson to print the headline "Harvard Beats Yale, 29-29"; too bad, after this game rule changes eliminate ties from college football. Nicaraguan featherweight boxer Alexis Arguello (1952-2009), AKA the Explosive Thin Man suffers a round 1 TKO in his prof. debut, then goes on to win 36 of his next 38 bouts, then wins the featherweight world title from Mexican boxer Ruben Olivares in Los Angeles, followed by the junior lightweight title from Alfredo Escalera in Puerto Rico, and the lightweight title from Jim Watt in London; too bad, he is defeated for the junior welterweight title by Aaron Pryor (1955-) in Miami, Fla., and hangs it up. The Special Olympics are founded by R. Sargent Shriver. The Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics for Woman is founded to govern U.S. women's athletics and conduct nat. championships; in 1971 it becomes the Assoc. for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW). Former Tigers and Dodgers relief pitcher Philip Ramond "Phil the Vulture" Regan (1937-) of the Chicago Cubs (1968-72) (known for stealing wins from starting pitchers) leads the NL with 25 saves, winning 12 games and saving 17 next year. Brooklyn, N.Y.-born former ball boy Marv Albert (Marvin Philip Aufrichtig) (1941-) becomes the voice of the New York Knicks (until 2004), becoming known as "the voice of the New York Knicks", becoming the NBA's lead play-by-play broadcaster on NBC-TV in 1990-2002, calling every NBA Finals except 1998-2000, when Bob Costas takes over because of his arrest for sexual assault. Architecture: On May 4, 1968 the 770-ft.-tall earthfill embankment Oroville Dam on the Feather River E of Oroville, Calif. in the Sierra Nevada foothills E of the Sacramento Valley (begun 1961) opens, becoming the tallest dam in the U.S. (until ?); 1.1T gal. 3.5M acre ft. Lake Oroville becomes the 2nd largest manmade lake in Calif.; in Feb. 2017 188K people are evacuated after the main and emergency spillways threaten to fail; on Feb . 7, 2017 the 2017 Oroville Dam Crisis begins after floods damage the main emergency spillway, causing it to be shut down, raising the level of Lake Oroville, causing the spillway to be reopened, threatening the concrete weir to collapse, sending a 30-ft. wall of of water into the Feather River that would flood downstream communities, causing 188K to be evacuated; luckily, it doesn't collapse. On May 25 the 630-ft.-high (190m) Gateway (to the West) Arch in St. Louis, Mo., designed by Finnish-born architect Eero Saarinen (1910-61) using stainless steel triangles (finished on Oct. 28, 1965) is dedicated by U.S. vice-pres. Hubert Humphrey and U.S. interior secy. Stewart Udall as part of the Jefferson Nat. Expansion Memorial; the elevators tilt 78 deg. On June 29 Pres. Johnson dedicates the J. Percy Priest Dam in NC Tenn. on the (don't say Rolling) Stones River. On Sept. 9 Pres. Johnson dedicates the Robert C. Weaver Bldg. in Washington, D.C., the new HQ of the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). On Sept. 12 Plaza Las Americas shopping mall in Hato Rey, San Juan, Puerto Rico opens, becoming the first indoor shopping mall in Puerto Rico, the largest in the Caribbean, and 2nd largest in Latin Am. On Nov. 14 7-wing Imperial Showa Palace (Kokyo) in Chiyoda, Tokya, designed by Japanese architect Junzo Yoshimura (1908-) in Tokyo opens as the primary home of the Japanese emperor on the site of the former Edo Castle, complete with 1.32 sq. mi. of gardens; "a masterpiece of modernity, harmonized with tradition"; during the 1980s the palace grounds are valued as worth more than all of the real estate in Calif. Construction begins in Boston's Copley Square (Clarendon St.) of the 60-story John Hancock Tower (AKA The Hancock) (finished 1976), designed by I.M. Pei, dwarfing the 1964 Prudential Tower, becoming plagued by falling glass panels. Westbeth Artists Community in West Village, Manhattan, N.Y., on its own city block bounded by West, Bethune, Washington, and Bank Streets is created out of the former HQ (1898-1966) of Bell Telephone Labs. to give affordable living quarters to artists and arts orgs.; residents incl. Diane Arbus, Robert Beauchamp, Paul Benjamin, Karl Bissinger, Joseph Chaikin, Robert De Niro Sr., and Vin Diesel; too bad, Arbus commits suicide there, giving it a rep? The Singer Tower in Chicago (once the world's tallest bldg.) is demolished, becoming the largest bldg. demolition in history (until ?) - Muslim terrorists do it better? Tokyo's 46-y.-o. Imperial Hotel (1922) is demolished to make way for a 20-story hotel of the same name incorporates some of the public rooms designed by the late Frank Lloyd Wright. London Bridge is bought at action for $2.46M by McCulloch Oil Corp., and shipped in 10K granite blocks to Lake Havasu City, Ariz., then reassembled over a channel of Lake Havasu; a new London Bridge is completed in 1973. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Rene Samuel Cassin (1887-1976) (France); Lit.: Yasunari Kawabata (1899-1972) (Japan) (first Japanese and first E Asian to win the Nobel Lit. Prize); Physics: Luis Walter Alvarez (1911-88) (U.S.) [resonance particles]; Chem.: Lars Onsager (1903-76) (U.S.) [isotope diffusion]; Med.: Robert William Holley (1922-93) (U.S.), Har Gobind (Hargobind) Khorana (1922-2011) (U.S.), and Marshall Warren Nirenberg (1927-2010) (U.S.) ["breaking the genetic code" - codon sequences]. Inventions: On Apr. 23 Martin A. Goetz of Applied Data Research receives the first U.S. software patent (#3380029), causing a flood of applications, even though the very idea of patenting software infringes on the age-old tradition that mathematical algorithms are in the public domain; the U.S. Supreme Court decides the issue in ?. In June the $700 Jacuzzi Whirlpool Roman Bath is introduced at the Orange County Fair in Calif. by the seven Italian-Am. Jacuzzi Brothers, starting a fad and a sexually loose lifestyle put together. Stephen A. Benton (1941-2003) of the U.S. invents the white light Rainbow Hologram, which can be embossed on a credit card and shows a 3-D image in ordinary light. The Bose 901 Speaker, developed by Am. MIT prof. (of Bengali Indian descent) Amar Gopal Bose (1929-) pioneers the use of "reflected sound" from walls and ceiling in an effort to bring concert-hall quality to home speaker systems; in 2011 he donates most of his co. stock to MIT. Allen K. Breed (1927-99) patents the "sensor and safety system", the first electromechanical Airbag. English (Welsh) mathematician Donald Watts Davies (1924-2000), Polish-born Am. engineer Paul Baran (1926-), and Am. computer scientist Leonard "Len" Kleinrock (1934-) invent Packet Switching, helping to make computer communication possible, which is later adopted by the Arpanet and the Internet. Burroughs introduces the B2500 and B3500, the first computers using ICs, with an instruction set optimized for COBOL, becoming known as Burroughs Medium Systems (ends 1991). Polish-born Jewish French physicist Georges Charpak (1924-2010) invents the Multiwire Proportional Chamber, a particle detector that allows the determination of high precision particle tracks in 3-D. Chemical Vapor Deposition is patented in the U.S.; too bad, the diamond is mixed with graphite, making it of limited use. Carl Engleman (1938-83), William A. Martin (1938-81), and Joel Moses (1941-) of MIT develop Macsyma-1, the first computer algebra system, performing 600+ types of mathematical operations, hosted on a PDP-6; it is put on the Arpanet, continuing development until 1982; it was originally (1964) called Mitre, then MATHLAB 68. Am. computer scientist Edward Albert Feigenbaum (1936-) and Am. molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008) of Stanford U. develop DENDRAL, an expert heuristic software AI system for the identification of chemical substances based on the results of spectrometric analysis. A method for producing diamond from methane, later called Chemical Vapor Deposition is patented in the U.S.; too bad the diamond is mixed with graphite, making it of limited use. San Francisco State U. student Charles Prior Hall invents the Waterbed, initially filling a vinyl bag with 300 lb. of liquid corn starch and calling it the "Incredible Creeping Chair", then trying Jell-O before settling on plain water; too bad, because waterbeds are described in sci-fi novels incl. "Stranger in a Strange Land" (1961-), the U.S. Patent Office rejects his patent, even though he's got the first working prototype? Paris newspaper cartoonist Franklin Loufrani (1943-) celebrates the end of the May student riots by creating the Smiley (Face), a bright yellow circle with stretched polka-dot eyes and a wide smile, which he trademarks in France in Oct. 1971, followed by over 80 countries, although U.S. companies ignore his claims and U.S. Forrest Gump courts tell him to stuff it, allowing Murray and Bernard Spain of Philadelphia, Penn. to begin punching them out in Sept. 1970, selling 50M by 1972; the real inventor is Am. ad exec Harvey Richard Ball (1922-2001), who created it in 1963 for State Mutual Life Assurance Co. of Am. in Mass., and sold it to them for $45, never applying for copyright or trademark protection. Jewish-Am. Northfield Mount Herman H.S. (Mass.) student Joel Silver (1952-) (who later becomes the producer of "Lethal Weapon" et al.) invents the sport of Ultimate Frisbee; after players switch to Discraft discs, they drop the Wham-O Frisbee part. Spencer Ferguson Silver (1941-) of 3M develops a "low-tack" reusable pressure-sensitive adhesive, which is later used in Post-It Notes. Einstein-lookalike Terry Allen Winograd (1946-) of MIT develops SHRDLU (ETAOIN SHRDLU, frequency table of English letter usage), a complex expert software system incorporating primitive reasoning capabilities in a virtual world of toy blocks; he later gives up, declaring artificial intelligence (AI) a dead end; "I don't know which blue block you mean." Aerotechnik Entwicklung und Apparatebau of Germany introduces the WGM2 inexpensive, easy-to-fly 1-person helicopter, with an open bicycle-like seat. Science: By this year a total of 103 Periodic Table elements have been discovered, which are adopted as a std. On Jan. 2 Dr. Christiaan N. Barnard performs his 2nd heart transplant on retired South African dentist Philip Blaiberg (1909-69), who lasts 563 days (19 mo. 15 days) because of improved anti-rejection drugs; by the end of the cent. 100K heart transplants are performed, with 85-90% of patients surviving one year, and 75% for five years. On Apr. 23 surgeons at the Hopital de la Pitie in Salpetriere, Paris perform Europe's first heart transplant on Clovis Roblain (b. 1902). On May 2 Houston, Tex.-born cardiovascular surgeon Denton Arthur Cooley (1920-2016) performs the first successful heart transplant in the U.S., from a 15-y.-o. female to a 47-y.-o. male; he performs four more transplants within 1 mo.; meanwhile his boss Michael E. DeBakey gets pissed-off for allegedly doing it without his authorization, causing them to get into a feud for decades (until 2007). In May British anthropologist Louis S.B. Leakey announces the discovery of a crude stone hammer 12M years old, found in Ft. Ternan in Kenya along with bones of Kenyapithecus wickeri - pardon me? Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber (1929-) discovers that bacteria defend themselves against viruses by producing restriction enzymes that randomly cut the virus DNA. English surgeon Sir Roy Yorke Calne (1930-) performs the first liver transplant in Europe, going on to perform the first liver, heart and lung transplatn in 1987. George W. Clark, William L. Kraushaar (1920-2008), and Gordon P. Garmire (1937-) report the discovery, using NASA's Third Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO-3) (launched Mar. 8, 1967) of a gamma-ray background coming from the Milky Way Galaxy, concentrated in its center. English archeologist John Desmond Clark (1916-2002) proposes that stone tool industries be grouped into five "modes" that are descriptive rather than based on specific sites: Mode I (simple flakes and cores), Mode II (flakes produced by direct percussion), Mode III (wide use of prepared cores), Mode IV (where blades and burins are dominant), and Mode V (microliths). Dutch computer scientist Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (1930-2002) pub. Go To Statement Considered Harmful, advocating the total elimination of go to statements ("spaghetti code") in high level languages in favor of structured programming (which he coins), sparking a debate by pundits Donald Knuth, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Linus Torvalds et al. Dentists show that dental caries (tooth decay) is caused by an acid produced by streptococcal bacteria that normally live in the mouth and metabolize sugar. British researchers report in Apr. that oral contraceptives can cause blood clots in susceptible women. New York City-born paleobotanist Elso Sterrenberg Barghoorn (1915-84) et al. report finding remains of amino acids in South African rocks that are as old as 3.4B years, becoming known as "the father of pre-Cambrian paleontology". Lloyd M. Beidler of Fla. State U. isolates Miraculin, active ingredient of the West African Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum), which causes sour substances like lemons to taste sweet after being chewed; the fruit was first discovered by ? Am. human ecologist Garrett James Hardin (1915-2003) pub. the article The Tragedy of the Commons, discussing the dilemma where people acting independently in their own self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared resource against their long-term self-interest. Vienna, Austria-born Am. psychologist Walter Mischel (1930-) pub. the paper Personality and Assessment, criticizing Gordon Allport's works on trait assessment with the observation that a patient's behavior is not consistent across diverse situations but dependent on situational cues. "http://www.magicalfruit.com/history.html">Reynaud des Marchais, Chevalier des Marchais in 1725; too bad, the bought-off, er, FDA refuses to approve it as a food additive (until ?). U.S. Air Force scientists show that radar can be used to detect wind shifts and precipitation. Doctors at the U. of Minn. perform the first successful bone marrow transplant to cure disease (other than radiation sickness) in a human being on a 4-mo.-o. boy suffering from an immune disorder, using marrow from his sister. The .5-mi. Bimini Road, made of limestone blocks is discovered offshore of Paradise Point on North Bimini off the coast of Fla., causing fans of psychic Edgar Cayce (1877-1945) to trumpet his predictions about the lost city of Atlantis. The Pulsar Year in Physics? The science community is now international and shows its grate powah? Using the new Cooley-Tukey FFT Algorithm, Richard V.E. Lovelace et al. of Cornell U. use the Arecibo Radio Telescope to find a pulsar with a period of 0.033 sec. in the center of the Crab Nebula in Taurus, the site of the famous supernova of July 4, 1054; meanwhile Bernard Yarnton Mills (1920-2011) et al. of the U. of Sydney in Australia identify the 11 Hz Vela Pulsar (PSR 0833-45), and Austrian-born astrophysicist Thomas "Tommy"Gold (1920-2004) of Cornell U. and Italian astrophysicist Franco Pacini (1939-2012) explain pulsars as rapidly rotating neutron stars that produce beams of synchrotron radiation which become rapid on-off signals by the time they intersect the Earth; late in the year David H. Staelin et al. use the Green Bank Radio Telescope in W.V. to discover the Crab Pulsar, becoming the first to identify a visible star associated with a pulsar, which previously were known from radio signals only, thus connecting pulsars with neutron stars and supernovas. Am. physicist Richard Phillips Feynman (1918-88) develops a theory for quarks based on (dolly?) Partons, hypothetical hard particles inside the nucleus, winning a share of the 1965 Nobel Physics Prize - so that's what's inside? Am. biochemist Walter Gilbert (1932-) and Am. molecular biologist Mark Ptashne (1940-) of the U.S. independently identify the first Repressor Proteins for genes, which prevent them from operating. French-born Roger Charles Louis Guillemin (1924-) and Lithuanian-born Andrew Victor Schally (1926-) of the U.S. discover Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), a simple peptide produced by the hypothalamus which signals the pituitary gland to produce the hormone cortisol, winning them the 1977 Nobel Med. Prize. David Hunter Hubel (1926-) of Canada and Torsten Nils Wiesel (1924-) of Sweden use cat brains to discover that specific visual receptor cells respond to specific stimuli, stationary light sources for some and motion for others, winning them the 1981 Nobel Med. Prize. Syukuro "Suki" Manabe (1931-) and Richard "Dick" Wetherald of Princeton U. warm, er, warn of the Greenhouse Effect caused by burning of fossil fuels, which can raise global temps by increasing the alt. at which the Earth radiates heat to space; in 1969 they demonstrate the role of oceanic transport. Benjamin Mazar (1906-95) of Jerusalem U. discovers the foundations of the Jewish Temple of Herod (destroyed 70 C.E.). Mich.-born Dr. Norman E. Shumway (1923-2006), who helped Dr. Christiaan Bernard develop a heart transplant technique for dogs performs the first successful heart transplant operation in the U.S. on Mike Kasperak (b. 1912), who lives 14 days and never leaves the hospital. French mathematician Rene Frederic (René Frédéric) Thom (1923-2002) pub. the first paper describing Catastrophe Theory - good timing considering the Paris riots? Italian physicist Gabriele Veneziano (1942-) of CERN discovers that the physics of the strong nuclear force can be modeled by Euler's Gamma Function, which he finds in a book on the history of mathematics by chance, becoming the beginnings of Superstring Theory. Steven Weinberg (1933-) and Sheldon Lee Glashow (1932-) of the U.S., and Mohammad Abdus Salam (1926-96) of Pakistan reduce the number of basic interactions in Nature from four to three by theorizing that the weak and electrical forces are really the identical electroweak force, the apparent differences being due to the "present low temperature of the Universe", and create the Gauge Principle, which states that a correct theory of Nature must be the same regardless of arbitrary definitions, e.g., a theory of gravity must give the same numerical value of energy expended in climbing a cliff regardless of path, winning them the 1979 Nobel Physics Prize; meanwhile Russian physicist Vladimir Mikhailovich Lobashev (1934-2011) shows that the strong nuclear force also violates parity conservation - it's always better when I'm with you? David Zipser discovers the unique (out of 64) Stop Codon, made up of UGA (uracil, guanine, adenine), which serves as the termination signal Say Goodnight Gracie ("stop making this protein"). Nonfiction: Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89), Desert Solitaire: A Season in the Wilderness; U.S. forest ranger inspires the modern environmentalist movement along with the ecoterrorist movement. Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), What Became of Jane Austen and Other Essays. Uri Avneri (1923-2018), Israel Without Zionists: A Plea for Peace in the Middle East; German-born atheist Israeli Jew doesn't like how Israel is becoming more religious. Sadik al-Azm, Self-Criticism After the Defeat; argues that the collapse of the Arab world is not due to Western imperialism and colonialism as much as lack of democracy, er, Communism. Joan Baez (1941-), Daybreak (autobio.). Bernard Bailyn (1922-), The Origins of American Politics. Harry Elmer Barnes (1889-1968), Society in Transition: Problems of a Changing Age. Erik Barnouw (1908-2001), The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States 1933-1953. Jacques Barzun (1907-), The American University: How It Runs, Where It Is Going; the university is obsolete? Ernest Becker (1924-74), The Structure of Evil: An Essay on the Unification of the Science of Man. Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer (1899-1972), Edward Gibbon and His World. Lerone Bennett Jr. (1928-2018), Was Abe Lincoln a White Supremacist? (Jan.); in Ebony mag., which debunks the "mythology of the Great Emancipator", claiming that Lincoln wanted to keep the races separated "preferably with the Atlantic Ocean or some other large, deep body of water between them", and favored their deportation to South Am. or Africa, and wanted to "win the war without touching slavery", freeing slaves only in areas where he had no power; "The man's character, his way with words and his assassination, together with the psychological needs of a racist society, have obscured his contradictions under a mountain of myths"; Pioneers in Protest (May 31). Sir Isaiah Berlin (1909-97), Four Essays on Liberty. Daniel Berrigan (1921-), Night Flight to Hanoi: War Diary with Eleven Poems. Pierre Berton (1920-2004), The Smug Minority. Bruce Bliven Sr. (1889-1977), A Prairie Boyhood. Ernst Bloch (1885-1977), Atheism in Christianity: The Religion of the Exodus and the Kingdom (Atheismus im Christentum). Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Beyond Economics: Essays on Society, Religion, and Ethics. Stewart Brand (1939-), Whole Earth Catalog; by a Menlo Park, Calif., truck store operator. Crane Brinton (1898-1968), The Americans and the French (Jan.); an attempt to explain their difficult relations. Charles Dunbar Broad (1887-1971), Induction, Probability, and Causation: Selected Papers. Michel Butor (1926-), Essais sur "Les Essais"; the Essays of Michel de Montaigne (1533-92) have the structure of a Mannerist or Baroque painting, stressing grotesque heterogeneity? Allan M. Campbell (1929-), Episomes; first explanation of plasmid DNA transfer. Carlos Castaneda (1925-98), The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge; NYT bestseller based on the thesis of a Peruvian-born Calif. UCLA anthropology student about the jimson weed and peyote drug culture of Sonora, Mexico, where belief in the supernatural is supposedly widespread, and Yaqui shaman Don Juan Matus rules, helping to usher in the D-final-answer make-up-your-own-facts New Age Movement; too bad, it turns out to be an academic fraud, debunked by Richard de Mille in his 1976 book "Castaneda's Journey", by which time Castaneda pub. the NYT bestsellers "A Separate Reality" (1971) and "Journey to Ixtalan" (1972) and is granted a Ph.D by UCLA. William Charvat, The Profession of Authorship in America, 1800-1870; ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli. Eldridge Cleaver (1935-98), Soul on Ice (essays) (Feb. 12); written during a 9-year imprisonment for rape and drug dealing, admitting serial rape of white women as "an insurrectionary act"; cites Tom Paine, Karl Marx, and James Baldwin to advocate overthrowing the U.S. govt. by force and replacing it with a ha-ha-ha-ha black-run Socialist regime - now close your eyes, it's getting darker but clear? Oliver Edmund Clubb (1901-89), Communism in China as Reported from Hankow in 1932. Robert Coles (1929-), Dead End School; illustrations by Norman Rockwell. Marc Connelly (1890-1980), Voices Offstage: A Book of Memoirs (autobio.); collaborator of George S. Kaufman (1889-1961). Robert Conquest (1917-2015), The Great Terror: Stalin's Purge of the Thirties; exposes the Soviet Gulags to the West, making him a star; Agricultural Workers in the USSR; The Soviet Police System; Religion in the USSR; Justice and the Legal System in the USSR. Quentin Crisp (Denis Charles Pratt) (1908-99), The Naked Civil Servant (autobio.); his openly gay life in London; makes him a star. Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), The Carnal Myth: A Search Into Classical Sensuality. Mary Daly (1928-2010), The Church and the Second Sex; rebuttal of Simone de Beauvoir's "The Second Sex" by a radical feminist Roman Catholic prof. at Boston College from 1967-99, where she gets into trouble for trying to exclude males from her classes. Jonathan Worth Daniels (1902-81), Washington Quadrille: The Dance Beside the Documents. Raymond Fredric Dasmann (1919-2002), A Different Kind of Country; coins the term "biodiversity". Paul Davies, How to Build a Time Machine. Isaac Deutscher (1900-67), Message of the Non-Jewish Jew and Other Essays (posth.); ed. by Tamara Deutscher. Joan Didion (1934-2021), Slouching Toward Bethlehem (essays); title is a phrase from W.B. Yeats' "The Second Coming"; the Haight-Ashbury drug culture of 1967; "At some point between 1945 and 1967 we had somehow neglected to tell these children the rules of the game we happened to be playing... These were children who grew up cut loose from the web of cousins and great-aunts and family doctors and lifelong neighbors who had traditionally suggested and enforced the society's values." Maurice Druon (1918-2009), L'Avenir en Desarroi; Grandeur et Signification de Leningrad; gets him an invitation to meet Russian pres. Vladimir Putin in Moscow in 2003. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), The Age of Discontinuity: Guidelines to Our Changing Society; why the rules for business and govt. have to be inherently different. Rene Dubos (1901-82), So Human an Animal (Pulitzer Prize); how environmental planning is needed to support humanity's basic biological needs; "Each human being is unique, unprecedented, unrepeatable"; "As presently managed, the scientific enterprise is too lopsided to allow science to be of much use in the conduct of human affairs." Will Durant (1885-1981) and Ariel Durant (1898-1981), The Lessons of History; "The South creates the civilizations, the North conquers them, ruins them, borrows from them, spreads them: this is one summary of history." Paul Ralph Ehrlich (1932-), The Population Bomb; bestseller (3M copies); rev. ed. 1971, 2nd ed. 1978; Stanford U. biology prof. freaks at the news of the 200M U.S. pop., predicting that 65M Americans will starve to death in the 1970s, that India is doomed, that "Sometime in the next 15 years the end will come... an utter breakdown of the capacity of the planet to support humanity", and that "England will not exist in the year 2000", founding Zero Pop. Growth (ZPG) (Pop. Connection) with a Conn. atty. and a Yale forestry prof., advocating two children max per family; "A cancer is an uncontrolled multiplication of cells; the population explosion is an uncontrolled multiplication of people... We must shift our efforts from the treatment of the symptoms to the cutting out of the cancer. The operation will demand many apparently brutal and heartless decisions”; "The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s and 1980s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now. At this late date nothing can prevent a substantial increase in the world death rate"; instead, grain farmers in the 1980s suffer economic losses from overproduction, and Ehlich's doom-and-gloom predictions prove a hoax? M. Stanton Evans (1934-), The Lawbreakers: America's Number One Domestic Problem; The Future of Conservatism: From Taft to Reagan and Beyond. William Everson (1912-94), Robinson Jeffers: Fragments of an Older Fury; by former Beat poet Brother Antoninus, who joined the Dominican Order in 1951 and quits in 1969 to marry a young babe. Emil Ludwig Fackenheim (1961-2003), Quest for Past and Future; The Religious Dimension in Hegel's Thought. Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006), The Egotists: Sixteen Surprising Interviews. Don Edward Fehrenbacher (1920-97), California: An Illustrated History; The Changing Image of Lincoln in American Historiography. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), The Return of the Vanishing American. James Thomas Flexner (1908-2003), George Washington in the American Revolution, 1775-1783. Robert James Forbes (1900-73), The Conquest of Nature: Technology and Its Consequences. Abe Fortas (1910-82), Concerning Dissent and Civil Disobedience. Paulo Freire (1921-97), Pedagogy of the Oppressed; Marxist analysis of education in Brazil; Eng. trans. 1970; bestseller (700K copies); traditional pedagogy is the "banking model", treating students as piggy banks to fill with knowledge, destroying their creativity; "No pedagogy which is truly liberating can remain distant from the oppressed by treating them as unfortunates and by presenting for their emulation models from among the oppressors. The oppressed must be their own example in the struggle for their redemption"; "Education makes sense because women and men learn that through learning they can make and remake themselves, because women and men are able to take responsibility for themselves as beings capable of knowing - of knowing that they know and knowing that they don't." Erich Fromm (1900-80), The Revolution of Hope: Toward a Humanized Technology; The Nature of Man. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), What I Have Learned: A Collection of 20 Autobiographical Essays. Richard M. Gale, The Philosophy of Time: A Collection of Essays. John William Gardner (1912-2002), No Easy Victories; Uncritical Lovers, Unloving Critics; commencement address delivered at Cornell U. on its 100th anniv.; "Where human institutions were concerned, love without criticism brings stagnation, and criticism without love brings destruction... The swifter the pace of change, the more lovingly men had to care for and criticize their institutions to keep them intact through the turbulent passages." James Maurice "Jumpin' Jim" Gavin (1907-90), Crisis Now; criticizes the U.S. Army for overreliance on nukes and hi-tech at the expense of conventional forces - yes, but there's only so many white niggers? Peter Gay (1923-2015), Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider; groundbreaking cultural history of the Weimar Repub.; Deism: An Anthology. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), British History Atlas; American History Atlas. Linda Goodman (1925-95), Sun Signs; first astrology book to hit the NYT bestseller list; followed by "Love Signs" (1978). G. Edward Griffin (1931-), The Grand Design: A Lecture on U.S. Foreign Policy; The Great Prison Break: The Supreme Court Leads the Way. Sir John Habakkuk (1915-2002), Industrial Organisation since the Industrial Revolution. Jurgen Habermas (1929-), Toward a Rational Society: Student Protest, Science, and Politics; claims that Immanuel Kant can be the answer, and gets called a Luddite? David Halberstam (1934-2007), The Unfinished Odyssey of Robert Kennedy; about RFK's journey toward "increasing radicalism" combined with his role as "leader of the honorable opposition in the Democratic party', causing him to place himself at "the exact median point of American idealism and American power". Garrett Hardin (1915-2003), The Tragedy of the Commons; argues that individuals acting like Adam Smith says inevitably deplete common resources incl. fish, energy, water, air, etc., proclaiming Hardin's First Law of Human Ecology: "You cannot do only one thing", which "modestly implies that there is at least one unwanted consequence." Yehoshafat Harkabi, The Arab Position in the Conflict with Israel; documents widespread anti-Semitism incl. popularity of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion". Michael Harrington (1928-89), Toward a Democratic Left: A Radical Program for a New Majority; calls for a new political movement composed of the New Left, blacks, white youth, white collar labor unions, and religious groups; too bad, Tricky Dicky Nixon is elected instead? Jacquetta Hawkes (1910-96), Dawn of the Gods: Minoan and Mycenean Origins of Freece; suggests that the ancient Minoans might have been ruled by women - time wounds all heels? Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), The Economic Problem. John Hersey (1914-92), The Algiers Motel Incident; the murder of three blacks by white pigs during the July 23, 1967 Detroit 12th St. Riot is seen as a thumbnail sketch of the big picture. Seymour Myron Hersh (1937-), Chemical and Biological Warfare: America's Hidden Arsenal. Richard Hofstadter (1916-70), The Progressive Historians: Turner, Beard, Parrington; "Since the time of the Bolshevik Revolution, it has been hard for most Americans, and especially those who make our world policies, to recapture the memory of the early United States, Constitution and all, as a revolutionary force." Philip Khuri Hitti (1886-1978), Makers of Arab History. Sidney Hook (1902-89), The Place of Religion in a Free Society; champions secular humanism. Irving Howe (1920-93), Shoptalk: An Instructor's Manual for Classics of Modern Fiction: Eight Short Novels. Samuel Phillips Huntington (1927-2008), Political Order in Changing Societies; in an article in Foreign Affairs this year he claims that "forced-draft urbanization and modernization" of the rural pop. of Vietnam will cause the Viet Cong to lose control of them. Chet Huntley (1911-74), The Generous Years: Remembrances of a Frontier Boyhood; "I have heard the forlorn and eerie howl of the coyotes ululating on the wind." Merrill Jensen (1905-80), The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution, 1763-1776. Haynes Johnson (1931-) and Bernard M. Gwertzman, Fulbright: The Dissenter. Winthrop D. Jordan (1931-), White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Ward Just (1935-), To What End: Report from Vietnam; Washington Post writer who sustained severe wounds in a jungle skirmish in 1967. Herman Kahn (1922-83) et al., Can We Win in Vietnam?; an attempt at a balanced debate. Pauline Kael (1919-2001), Kiss Kiss Bang Bang. Morton Keller (1929-), The Art and Politics of Thomas Nast. George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), From Prague after Munich: Diplomatic Papers, 1938-1939; Democracy and the Student Left. John Kobler, Luce, His Time, Life and Fortune. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), Drinkers of Infinity. Arthur Krock (1887-1974), Memoirs: 60 Years on the Firing Line; "The intimate of presidents from Theodore Roosevelt to LBJ, a chronicler of great events, and a storehouse of 'inside' information, Arthur Krock, three-time Pulitzer Prize-winner, was for more than thirty years a Washington Correspondent of The New York Times... The purpose of this book is to portray the men of government as I have known them in the context of great events, watching them at work from a close point of vantage and through intimate association." Stanley I. Kutler, Judicial Power and Reconstruction Politics. Ann Landers (1918-2002), Truth is Stranger; "An open marriage is Nature's way of telling you that you need a divorce." Timothy Leary (1920-96), The Politics of Ecstasy; "turn on and drop out" - let's go shopping, let's have some fun? William Lederer (1912-), Our Own Worst Enemy; The Anguished American: An Anthology of Accidental Assaults Upon Our Language. Julius Lester (1939-), Look Out, Whitey! Black Power's Gon' Get Your Mama! Leonard W. Levy (1923-2006), Origins of the Fifth Amendment: The Right Against Self-Incrimination (Pulitzer Prize) - shut the futz up? John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001), Programming and Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer: Theory and Experiments. Evelyn Maurine Norton Lincoln (1909-95), Kennedy and Johnson; by JFK's personal secy.; claims he told her on Nov. 19, 1963 that he was going to replace LBJ as vice-pres. for his 2nd term with N.C. gov. James Terry Sanford. Seymour Martin Lipset (1922-2006), Revolution and Counterrevolution: Change and Persistence in Social Structures. James Lipton (1926-), An Exaltation of Larks; a collection of "nouns of multitude", AKA "terms of venery", e.g. pride of lions, murder of crows, knot of toads, parliament of owls, school of fish (originally a misprint for shoal of fish). Sir Bernard Lovell (1913-), The Story of Jodrell Bank; by dir. #1 (1945-80). Alexander Luria (1902-77), The Mind of a Mnemonist: A Little Book About A Vast Memory. Edward N. Luttwak (1942-), Coup d'Etat: A Practical Handbook; 2nd ed. 1979; "A coup consists of the infiltration of a small but critical segment of the state apparatus, which is then used to displace the government from its control of the remainder." Edward H. Madden, Civil Disobedience and Moral Law in 19th Century American Philosophy. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, the Novel as History (Pulitzer Prize); his participation in the Oct. 1967 anti-Vietnam War march on the Pentagon, debuting the narrator-as-center-of-the-universe format? Bill C. Malone (1934-), Country Music, U.S.A. Andre Malraux (1901-76), Anti-Memoirs. Felicien Marceau (1913-), Les Annees Courtes (autobio.). Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), Negations: Essays in Critical Theory. Mary McCarthy (1912-89), Hanoi; her visit to North Vietnam. David McCullough (1933-), The Johnstown Flood. William S. McFeely (1930-), Yankee Stepfather: General O.O. Howard and the Freedmen (first book); Union "Christian General" Oliver Otis Howard and the Freedmen's Bureau after the U.S. Civil War. Larry McMurtry (1936-), In a Narrow Grave: Essays on Texas. John McPhee (1931-), The Pine Barrens. Kate Millett (1934-), Sexual Politics; dedicated to her hubby, Japanese sculptor Fumio Yoshimura, although she goes both ways; disses Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Henry Miller (1891-1980), and D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930), along with all patriarchy in Western society, and calls for a sexual rev. to "bring the institution of patriarchy to an end", with the soundbyte "Our society, like all other historical societies, is a patriarchy. The fact is evident at once if one recalls that the military, industry, technology, universities, science, political office, and finance — in short, every avenue of power within the society, including the coercive force of the police, is entirely in male hands"; big hit with women's libbers, with Time mag. calling her "the Mao Tse-tung of Women's Liberation", causing her to make $30K in royalties, which she uses to found the Women's Ant, er, Art Colony Farm in Poughkeepsie, N.Y.; too bad, her book is later dissed for its authoritarian attitude and factual errors, with Camille Anna Paglia (1947-) dissing her "repressive, Stalinist style in feminist criticism... Her condescending, destructive, bitterly anti-male method of approaching art was adopted as dogma by the women's studies programs as they sprang up everywhere in the 1970s and became insular fiefdoms intolerant of dissent." Marvin Lee Minsky (1927-), Semantic Information Processing. Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), African Heroes. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Here and Hereafter. Anne Moody (1940-), Coming of Age in Mississippi; black civil rights activist grows in da truth. Elting Elmore Morison (1909-95), Men, Machines, and Modern Times. Sabatino Moscati, The World of the Phoenicians. Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), The Urban Prospect. Seyyed Hossein Nasr (1933-), The Encounter of Man and Nature: The Spiritual Crisis of Modern Man (June); Muslim thinker claims that godless materialism is ruining the environment. Sir Harold Nicolson (1886-1968), Diaries and Letters; The Later Years, 1945-1962; ed. by his son Nigel Nicolson (1917-2004); big hit, showing the inside story of the British govt. before/after WWII, incl. inside scoops on David Lloyd George (1863-1945), Ramsay MacDonald, Anthony Eden, Winston Churchill (1874-1965), and Charles de Gaulle, causing Robert Bernays to call him "a national figure of the second degree". Anais Nin (1903-77), The Novel of the Future; exploration of the creative process. John Julius Norwich (1929-), Sahara; his travels in 1966. Frank O'Connor (1903-66), My Father's Son (autobio.) (posth.). Charles Petrie (1895-1977), The Letters, Speeches and Proclamations of King Charles I; The Drift to World War, 1900-1914. Edmund S. Phelps Jr. (1933-), Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor Market Equilibrium; introduces the concept of Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU), later (1975) called Non-Inflationary Rate of Unemployment (NIRU), which claims that there is a "natural rate of unemployment", distinguishing between a short-term Phillips Curve, and a vertical long-term Phillips Curve in which there is no tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. Kim Philby (1912-88), My Silent War: The Autobiography of a Spy; written in Moscow by MI6's former liaison with the CIA and FBI, who was also head of Soviet counterintel, and became the most successful spy in history (until ?); his writing revolutionizes espionage writing; his mentor was Cambridge economist Maurice Dobb; "It was the Labour disaster of 1931 which first set me seriously to thinking about possible alternatives to the Labour Party. I began to take a more active part in the proceedings of the Cambridge University Socialist Society, and was its Treasurer in 1932/35. This brought me into contact with streams of Left-Wing opinion critical of the Labour Party, notably with the Communists. Extensive reading and growing appreciation of the classics of European Socialism alternated with vigorous and sometimes heated discussions within the Society. It was a slow and brain-racking process." Jean Piaget (1896-1980), Genetic Epistemology. Michael Polanyi (1891-1976), Life's Irreducible Structure; claims that the DNA molecule is not reducible to the laws of physics and chemistry, but embodies higher level ordering principles. David Morris Potter (1910-71), The South and the Sectional Conflict. Bernard van Praag (1939-), Individual Welfare Functions and Consumer Behavior: A Theory of Rational Irrationality; his dissertation, proposing the Individual Welfare Function of Income (WFI), a cardinal concept; in 1970 he founds the Leyden School Project (ends 1984) to give the Income Evaluation Question (IEQ) to thousands of subjects in W Europe, asking them what income level they would label good, sufficient, bad, etc., discovering a preference drift where the WFI depends on current income, shifting up with rising income. Benjamin Arthur Quarles (1904-96), Frederick Douglass. Roy Radner, Competitive Equilibrium under Uncertainty; proposes the concept of Radner Equilibrium, an extension of the Arrow-Debreu Equilibrium for incomplete markets. Maxwell Lewis Rafferty (1917-82), Max Rafferty on Education. Benjamin Lawrence Reid (1918-90), The Man from New York: John Quinn and his Friends (Pulitzer Prize). Charles Rembar (1915-2000), The End of Obscenity: The Trials of Lady Chatterley, Tropic of Cancer and Fanny Hill. Robert Roberts (1905-79), Imprisoned Tongues. Corinne Robinson (1919-), Fundamentals of Normal Nutrition; disses the "charlatans" who distrust commercial additives and knock U.S. big agriculture. Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), The Master Game: Beyond the Drug Experience. Walter S. Ross, The Last Hero: Charles A. Lindbergh. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), Autobiography, Vol. 2 (1914-44). Francis Russell (1910-89), The Shadow of Blooming Grove: Warren G. Harding and His Times; tries to rescue him from obscurity; "To Harding, a profession, a newspaper, a grocery store, even a farm, was as much a 'business' as was a steel corporation. In a typical small-town manner Harding used the term 'business' to indicate a state of independence rather than to delimit a specific enterprise. This is quite different from saying that Harding was oriented toward big business and Wall Street as was sometimes charged." Andrew Sarris (1928-), The American Cinema: Directors and Directions 1929-1968; index of film dirs. by the film critic for The Village Voice, defining 1st, 2nd and 3rd tiers, incl. the "Pantheon" of the top 14 U.S. dirs., and emphasizing the auteur theory of Francois Truffaut, although he coins the term; his rival is Pauline Kael (1919-2001) of The New Yorker, who disses the auteur theory in her essay Circles and Squares. Mark Ivor Satin (1946-), Manual for Draft-Age Immigrants to Canada: Preserve Oneself and Change the World; bestseller (100K copies). Mark Schorer (1908-77), The World We Imagine: Selected Essays. Theodore W. Schultz (1902-98), Economic Growth and Agriculture. Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber (1924-2006), The American Challenge (Le Defi Americain); U.S.-owned multinationals are the real beneficiaries of the European Common Market, outcompeting them on all fronts, and it's time for a wakeup call?; sells 600K copies in France and becomes an internat. bestseller, causing a resurgence of French nationalism. Karl Shapiro (1913-2000), To Abolish Children and Other Essays. Louis Sheaffer (1912-93), O'Neill, Son and Playwright; ends at the New York City debut of "Beyond the Horizon" in 1920; based on correspondence in 1957-92 with Barbara Burton (1914-2009), daughter of O'Neill's 2nd wife Agnes Boulton O'Neill, who saves the correspondence and leaves it in her will; followed by "O'Neill, Son and Artist" (1973). Robert Cedric Sherriff (1896-1975), No Leading Lady (autobio.). B.F. Skinner (1904-90), The Technology of Teaching. Adam Smith (George Goodman) (1930-), The Money Game; makes Wall Street concepts understandable the avg. investor, incl. that it's only a game. C.P. Snow (1905-80), The State of Siege. Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Big Board: A History of the New York Stock Market; Panic on Wall Street: A History of America's Financial Disasters. Carl Solomon (1928-93), More Mishaps. R.W. Stallman, Stephen Crane. Marguerite Steen (1894-1975), Pier Glass: More Autobiography (autobio.). George R. Stewart (1895-1980), Not So Rich as You Think; promotes environmentalism. John A. Stormer (1928-2018), The Death of a Nation; links atheistic Communism to the Antichrist and the End of Days; The Anatomy of a Smear. Leo Strauss (1899-1973), Liberalism: Ancient and Modern. William Andrew Swanberg (1907-92), The Rector and the Rogue. M. Daniel Takton, The Great Vitamin Hoax; disses vitamin pills, causing a firestorm with its anecdotal testimony to the effectiveness of dietary supplements (apple cider vinegar et al.); double-blind tests show placebos to be equally effective? John Terraine (1921-2003), The Life and Times of Lord Mountbatten. Ted Thackrey, Gambling Secrets of Nick the Greek; Nick the Greek Dandolos (1883-1966). James Tobin (1918-2002) and William C. Brainard, Pitfalls in Financial Model-Building; proposes Tobin's Quotient, the ratio between the market value and replacement value of the same physical asset. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975) (ed.), Man's Concern with Death. Rexford Guy Tugwell (1891-1979), The Brains Trust; about FDR's New Deal think tank, as told by a member. Pierre Vallieres (1938-98), The White Niggers of America (Les Negres Blancs d'Amerique); leader of the Quebec separatists compares being black in America with being French in Quebec; "To be a nigger in America is to be not a man but someone's slave". Sherwood Washburn (1911-2000) and Chet Lancaster, Man the Hunter; hunting caused the evolution of large brains and social communications skills?; "In a very real sense our intellect, interests, emotions, and basic social life - all are evolutionary products of the success of the hunting adaptation"; sounds good, but too bad, they forget about human women, causing a backlash by female anthropologists, who pick the book apart, causing it to become a cause celebre, and the book to become an embarrassment? James D. Watson (1928-), The Double Helix; the most exciting discovery since E=MC^2, from Da Man. Alan W. Watts (1915-73), Psychedelics and Religious Experience; in Calif. Law Review. Alec Waugh (1898-1981), Foods of the World: Wines and Spirits. Peter Weiss (1916-82), Vietnam Discourse. John Harvey Wheeler (1918-2004), Democracy in a Revolutionary Era: The Political Order Today. Sir John W. Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75) (ed.), Action This Day: Working with Churchill: Memoirs by Lord Norman Brook and Others (Nov. 1). Garry Wills (1934-), The Second Civil War: Arming for Armageddon. Carl Woese (1928-), The Genetic Code; first proposes the "RNA World Hypothesis", that life began with RNA and evolved into DNA; coined in 1986 by Walter Gilbert (1932-). Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (first full-length book); about Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters; coins the term "radical chic"; The Pump House Gang; Am. status seekers from Calif. surfers to Hugh Hefner. Robin Wood (1931-2009), Howard Hawks. George Woodcock (1912-95) and Ivan Avakumovic, The Doukhobors. Richard Wright (1908-60), Letters to Joe C. Brown. Howard Zinn (1922-2010), Disobedience and Democracy: Nine Fallacies on Law and Order. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), Prepositions: Collected Critical Essays. Art: Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010), La Fillette (Young Inexperienced Girl) (latex sculpture) (that looks like a man's thing?); Cumul I (marble statue); "No building is more organic than this inverse digestive tract. The ambulatories are metamorphically intestines. It is a concrete stomach." Marc Chagall (1887-1985), The Summer Evening (Le Soir d'Ete); Ma Mere - Poemes; L'Envol (1968-71). Lucien Coutaud (1904-77), Les Compositions aux Mains et aux Oreilles. Max Ernst (1891-1976), Sign for a School of Monsters. Duane Hanson (1925-96), Race Riot (lifecast sculpture). Eva Hesse (1936-70), Sans II (fiberglass sculpture). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), La Caza de Adolescentes. Robert Morris (1931-), Earthwork. Barnett Newman (1905-70), Broken Obelisk (inverted obelisk sculpture); Anna's Light (28' x 9'); in memory of his late mother (d. 1965), a pure red rectangle which people claim to see various hues in. Philip Pearlstein (1924-), Female Model on Oriental Rug with Mirror; Female Nude Lying on Purple Drape; Two Female Nudes on a Cast Iron Bed; Male and Female Nudes with Red and Purple Drape; preserves the realist tradition in a sea of abstract expressionists, concentrating on everyday women lounging around nude, which gets around obscenity laws as art; too bad, he eventually cranks out so many that they become indistinguishable, meanwhile real porno makers soon best him by a zillion times, but by then he's in with the art collectors? Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Man with Pipe; Musketeer. Michelangelo Pistoletto (1933-), Orchestra of Rags (arte povera sculpture). Fairfield Porter (1907-75), Self-Portrait in the Studio. Gerhard Richter (1922-), Townscape Madrid. Richard Serra (1939-), Thirty-Five Feet of Lead Rolled Up, Prop (lead antimony sculpture); comes complete with 16 mm. B&W film Hand Catching Lead. Robert Smithson (1938-73), Shift and (r) Learning Strata (sculpture). Frank Stella (1936-), Untitled, Protractor (Variation 1). Yokoo Tadanori, Diary of a Shinjuku Burglar. Wayne Thiebaud (1920-), Girl in Blue Shoes. Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81), The Lopsided World. H.C. Westermann (1922-81), The Last Ray of Hope (sculpture). Music: Ten Years After, Undead (album #2) (Aug. 10); incl. I'm Going Home; big hit at Woodstock. Jefferson Airplane, The House at Pooneil Corners (Dec.).; unannounced live perf. in Manhattan that is shut down by the pigs. Luther Allison (1939-97), Love Me Mama (album) (debut). The United States of America, The United States of America (album) (debut) (last album); from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Joseph Byrd (1937-), Dorothy Moskowitz, Gordon Marron, Craig Woodson, Ed Bogas, and Rand Forbes; the ultimate underground hippie album?; incl. The American Metaphysical Circus, Coming Down, The Garden of Earthly Delights, Hard Coming Love, Cloud Song, No Love to Give, Where Is Yesterday, I Won't Leave My Wooden Wife ("But I've got to consider my mortality, and I won't leave my wooden wife for you, sugar./ I've got a split-level house with a wonderful view, sugar, three kids and Yorkshire terrier too, sugar, and I just couldn't stand it when you come home late from school"). The Five Americans, Now and Then (album #4); incl. 7:30 Guided Tour, See-Saw Man, No Communication, Con Man, Generation Gap. Jay and the Americans, Sands of Time (album); doo wop singles covers, incl. This Magic Moment (#9 in the U.S.) (1M copies) (last top-10 hit). Ed Ames (1927-), Apologize (album); incl. Apologize, Who Will Answer? (And Other Songs of Our Time) (album) (#13 in the U.S.) (1M copies); incl. Who Will Answer? (based on "Aleluya No. 1" by Luis Eduardo Aute), Blowin' in the Wind (by Bob Dylan); All My Love's Laughter; The Hits of Broadway and Hollywood (album); incl. Kiss Her Now. Silver Apples, Silver Apples (album) (debut); Danny Taylor (1949-2005) (drums), Simeon Coxe III (synthesizer); two decades ahead of everybody else?; incl. Oscillations. Louis Armstrong (1901-71), What a Wonderful World. Eddy Arnold (1918-2008), The Everlovin' World of Eddy Arnold (album); incl. Here Comes the Rain, Baby, Then You Can Tell Me Goodbye. The Association, Birthday (album #4); incl. Everything That Touches You, Time for Livin'; Greatest Hits (album); incl. Six Man Band. Joan Baez (1941-), Baptism: A Journey Through Our Time (album #5) (June); spoken-sung poetry; Any Day Now (album #6) (double album) (Dec.) (#30 in the U.S.); 15 covers of Bob Dylan songs, recorded in Sept. in Nashville, Tenn.; incl. Love Minus Zero, No Limit, North Country Blues, You Ain't Going Nowhere, Tears of Rage. The Band, Music from Big Pink (album) (debut) (July 1); formerly Levon and the Hawks, Canadian Squires; a pink house at 2188 Stoll Rd. (56 Parnassus Ln.), West Saugerties, N.Y.; from Toronto, Ont., Canada, incl. Jaime Robert "Robbie" Robertson (1943-2023), Richard George Manuel (1943-86), Eric Garth Hudson (1937-) (organ), Richard Clare "Rick" Danko (1942-99), Mark Lavon (Levon) Helm (1940-) (only Yankee, the one with the mournful voice who sings "The Weight"); they switch instruments and take turns singing; incl. The Weight; composed by Robertson; "I pulled into Nazareth, was feeling 'bout half past dead/ I just need some place where I can lay my head/ Hey mister, can you tell me where a man might find a bed?/ He just grinned and shook my hand/ No was all he said." lyrics are about Nazareth, Penn. in the Lehigh Valley; "I pulled into Nazareth, I was feeling about half past dead. I just need some place where I can lay my head. 'Hey mister, can you tell me where a man might find a bed?' He just grinned and shook my hand. 'No' was all he said"; chorus: "Take a load off Annie, take a load for free; take a load off Annie and you can put the load right on me". Ray Barretto (1929-2006), Acid (album); fuses Latin and soul music; incl. Acid; Mercy, Mercy Baby, The Soul Drummers, A Deeper Shade of Soul, Teacher of Love. The Beatles, Lady Madonna (Mar.) (written in emulation of the style of Fats Domino, who charts with his own version this year); Hey Jude (Aug.) (7 min.) (named after John Lennon's son Julian and originally titled Hey Jules, written to console him after his parents split over Yoko) (first Apple Records single, and longest single to top the charts, reaching #1 on Sept. 28); The White Album (Nov. 22) (album #9) (double album); their best-selling album, the first released on the Apple label, selling 2M copies the first week; plain white cover designed by English Pop artist Richard Hamilton (1922-) features a serial number; first album after death of mgr. Brian Epstein; original title "A Doll's House", after the Henrik Ibsen play; incl. Back in the USSR, Dear Prudence (about Mia Farrow's sister Prudence Farrow), Glass Onion ("Here's another clue for you all, the walrus is Paul"), Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da, Wild Honey Pie; The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill, While My Guitar Gently Weeps (written by George), Happiness is a Warm Gun; Martha My Dear, I'm So Tired, Blackbird (about the racial struggle in the U.S.?), Piggies (George), Rocky Raccoon, Don't Pass Me By (Ringo), Why Don't We Do It in the Road?, I Will, Julia (quotes Kahlil Gibran's 1923 work "The Prophet"), Birthday, Yer Blues, Mother Nature's Son, Everybody's Got Something to Hide Except Me and My Monkey, Sexy Sadie; Helter Skelter (4:29) (Charles Manson claims it sends him Satanic messages), Long, Long, Long (George), Revolution 1, Honey Pie, Savoy Truffle (George), Cry Baby Cry, Revolution 9 (try it backwards and hear the Satanic messages, starting with "Number Nine" turning into "Turn me on dead man"?); Good Night. Captain Beefheart (1941-) and The Magic Band, Strictly Personal (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Ah Feel Like Ahcid, Son of Mirror Man - Mere Man, Beatle Bones 'n' Smokin' Stones, Gimme Dat Harp Boy. Archie Bell (1944-) and The Drells, Tighten Up (album) (debut) (Mar. 30); incl. Tighten Up (#1 in the U.S.); ("We dance just as good as we walk"); I Can't Stop Dancing (album #2) (Sept. 28); incl. I Can't Stop Dancing, Do the Choo Choo, Love Will Rain On You; There's Gonna Be A Showdown (album #3); incl. There's Gonna Be A Showdown. Elmer Bernstein (1922-2004), Max Schulman (1919-88) and Carolyn Leigh (1926-83), How Now, Dow Jones (musical) (Dec. 7) (New York, Lunt-Fontanne Theatre) (220 perf.); stars Tony Roberts as Charley, Marlyn Mason as Kate, Brenda Vacaro as Cynthia, Hiram Sherman as Wingage; incl. Tommy Tune as a waiter, and Bernard Hughes as Sen. McFetridge; features the song Step to the Rear, which is later used in Dodge car commercials and becomes the fight song of the U. of S.C. Luciano Berio (1925-2003), Sinfonia for Voices and Orchestra. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Louie to Frisco. Mike Bloomfield (1943-81), Al Kooper (1944-), and Stephen Stills (1945-), Super Session (album) (July 22). Mike Bloomfield (1943-81) and Al Kooper (1944-), The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper (album); sequel to "Super Session", recorded at the Fillmore West in Sept. The Moody Blues, In Search of the Lost Chord (album #3) (July 26); incl. Legend of A Mind (about Timothy Leary), Departure, Ride My See-Saw (#42 in the U.K.), Voices in the Sky (#27 in the U.S.), Dr. Livingstone, I Presume. Laci Boldemann (1921-69), The Hour of Folly (opera) (Malmo). The Beach Boys, Blue Birds Over the Mountain; ithe B-side is "Never Learn Not to Love", which they stole from the song "Cease to Exist" by guitar-playing Charlie Manson (whom Beach Boys drummer Dennis Wilson befriended and helped to make a studio album, which is released in 1974), pissing him off and causing him to threaten to kill Dennis and come to his house only to get beaten-up by him. Jacques Brel (1929-78), J'Arrive (album); incl. J'Arrive; L'Homme de la Mancha (Man of La Mancha) (album); incl. Gloria, La Quete. Brewer and Shipley, Down in L.A. (album) (debut); from Kansas City, Mo., incl. Michael "Mike" Brewer (1944-) (tall hairy one) and Tom Shipley (short hairy one). Benjamin Britten (1913-76), The Prodigal Son (June 10) (Orford, Suffolk). Arthur Brown (1942-), The Crazy World of Arthur Brown (album) (debut) (Sept.); produced by Pete Townshend; incl. Fire (June) (#2 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (1M copies) ("I am the god of Hellfire"), I Put a Spell on You. Peter Brotzmann (1941-), Machine Gun (album #2); just the thing for politically-torn Europe; incl. Machine Gun. James Brown (1933-2006), I Got the Feelin' (Apr.) (#6 in the U.S.); Say It Loud - I'm Black and I'm Proud; changes America's racial vocabulary?; A Soulful Christmas (album #26); incl. Santa Claus Goes Straight to the Ghetto. Savoy Brown, Getting to the Point (album #2); first with vocalist Chris Youlden; incl. Stay With Me Baby. The Beau Brummels, Triangle (album #4) (July) (#197 in the U.S.); incl. Magic Hollow, Only Dreamin' Now. The Buckinghams, Susan (#11 in the U.S.); Back in Love Again (#57 in the U.S.); they break up in 1970. Eric Burdon and the New Animals, Sky Pilot (Jan.) (#14 in the U.S.) (British for a military chaplain); too bad, they break up, and next year Eric Burdon joins War in Long Beach, Calif. Iron Butterfly, Heavy (album) (debut) (the first heavy metal album?); Doug Ingle (1945-) (keyboards, vocals), Ron Bushy (1945-) (drums), Jerry "the Bear" Penrod (1946-), Darryl James DeLoach (1947-2002), Danny Weis (1948-); Weis leaves to join Rhinoceros, and Ingle and Bushy are replaced by Lee Dorman (1942-) (bass) and Erik Brann (Braunn) (1950-2003) (guitar); In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (album); incl. the 17-min. superhit In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida ("in the Garden of Eden"); sells so many copies that Ahmet Ertegun of Atlantic Records creates the Platinum award. The Byrds, The Notorious Byrd Brothers (album #5) (Jan. 15) (Columbia Records); incl. Goin Back; exeunt David Crosby and Michael Clarke, leaving Roger McGuinn and Chris Hillman, who go country, then add Gram Parsons; Sweetheart of the Rodeo (album #6) (Aug. 30) (Columbia Records); the first major country rock album by an established act; incl. You Ain't Going Nowhere (by Bob Dylan), You Don't Miss Your Water, Pretty Boy Floyd (by Woody Guthrie), Hickory Wind. Glen Campbell (1936-2017), Wichita Lineman (album #12) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Wichita Lineman, written by Jimmy Layne Webb (1946-). Walter (Wendy) Carlos (1939-), Switched-on-Bach (album); one of the first classical albums to sell 500K copies, making the Moog synthesizer popular. Vikki Carr (1941-), The Lesson. Johnny Cash (1932-2003), At Folsom Prison (album) (May) (#13 in the U.S.); recorded on Jan. 13; incl. Folsom Prison Blues. Chambers Brothers, Time Has Come Today; black group from Miss., incl. Lester (1940-), Joe, William, and George Chambers, and Brian Keenan (1943-85). Ray Charles (1930-2004), Come Rain Or Come Shine; Eleanor Rigby (violin by Sidney Sax) ("Waits at the window, wearing the face that she keeps in a jar by the door, who is it for?") (rated R for sax and violins?); Understanding. Blue Cheer, Vincebus Eruptum (album) (debut) (#11 in the U.S.); named after a street brand of LSD; from San Francisco, Calif.; managed by ex-Hells Angels member Gut, who pares them down to a power trio; incl. Richard Allan "Dickie" Peterson (1946-2009) (vocals, bass), Leigh Stephens (guitar), and Paul Whaley (drums); pioneers heavy metal; incl. Summertime Blues (by Eddie Cochran, 1958) (#14 in the U.S.); Outsideinside (album #2) (Aug.); last with Leigh Stephens; incl. Satisfaction (by the Rolling Stones), Just A Little Bit, The Hunter (by Albert King). Cher (1946-), Backstage (album) (July); her first flop. Gene Clark (1944-91) and Doug Dillard (1937-), The Fantastic Expedition of Dillard and Clark. Petula Clark (1932-), I've Got My Eyes on You; written by Les Reed and Jackie Rae. Tomorrow; Sit With the Guru; Barefoot in Baltimore; Sea Shell. Classics IV, Stormy. The Collectors, Grass and Wild Strawberries (album #2). Nat King Cole (1919-65), Best of Nat King Cole (album) (posth.). The Collectors, What is Love; She Will O The Wind; from Vancouver, Canada. Judy Collins (1939-), Who Knows Where the Time Goes (album #8) (Nov.) (#29 in the U.S.) (500K copies); incl. Who Knows Where the Time Goes (by Sandy Denny), Someday Soon (by Ian Tyson), Bird on the Wire (by Leonard Cohen). Big Brother and the Holding Company, Cheap Thrills (album #2) (Aug.); incl. Ball and Chain, Summertime, Piece of My Heart. 1910 Fruitgum Company, Simon Says; May I Take a Giant Step (Into Your Heart); 1,2,3, Red Light; Goody Goody Gumdrops; group name inspired by a candy wrapper; Mark Gutkowski (vocals), Mark Gutkowski, Steve Mortkowitz, Floyd Marcus, Pat Karwan; Bruce Shay (drums), Rusty Oppenheimer (drums), Larry "with the moustache" Ripley (bass), Mick Mansuelo, Dennis Kubala, and Dan Mileaf. Arthur Conley (1946-2003), Funky Street; Otis Sleep On; People Sure Act Funny; Run On; Aunt Dora's Soul Love Shack; inspires the Temptations' "Psychedelic Shack" (1969?)? Amen Corner, Round Amen Corner (album) (debut) (#26 in the U.K.); incl. Bend Me, Shape Me (#3 in the U.K.), High in the Sky (#6 in the U.K.). Country Joe and the Fish, Together (album #3) (#23 in the U.S.); incl. Susan, Mojo Navigator; Who Am I? The Cowsills, The Cowsills Plus the Lincoln Park Zoo (album #2); We Can Fly (album #3); Captain Sad and His Ship of Fools (album #4); incl. Indian Lake. Cream, Wheels of Fire (double album) (July) (#1 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); first-ever platinum double album; incl. White Room, Sitting on Top of the World, Passing the Time, Pressed Rat and Warthog, Born Under a Bad Sign. Town Criers, Everlasting Love. Bing Crosby (1903-77) and Jose Feliciano (1945-), Mama Don't Allow It. (Pulitzer Prize). Luigi Dallapiccola (1904-75), Odysseus (opera) (Berlin). Spencer Davis Group, With Their New Face On (album). Grateful Dead, Anthem of the Sun (album #2) (July 18); incl. Born Cross-Eyed, Alligator. Edison Denisov (1929-96), Ode to Che Guevara; Romantic Music (Musique Romantique); Autumn. Donovan (1946-), Atlantis (Nov.) (#7 in the U.S., #23 in the U.K.); To Susan on the West Coast Waiting (Nov.). Sandy Denny (1947-78) and the Strawbs, All Our Own Work (album); incl. Who Knows Where the Time Goes; Heyday (album). Neil Diamond (1941-), New Orleans; Red Red Wine (Apr. 13) (#62 in the U.S.). The 5th Dimension, Stoned Soul Picnic (album #3) (Aug.) (#21 in the U.S.); incl. Stoned Soul Picnic (#3 in the U.S.), California Soul (#25 in the U.S.), Sweet Blindness (#13 in the U.S.). Dion (1939-), Abraham, Martin and John (Abraham Lincoln, MLK Jr. and JFK) (#4 in the U.S.); lyrics by Richard "Dick" Holler. Fats Domino (1928-2017), Lady Madonna; his last single to chart (#100). Donovan (1946-), Jennifer Jupiter (Feb.); about Jenny Boyd, sister of George Harrison's wife Pattie Boyd; The Hurdy Gurdy Man (album) (Oct.); incl. The Hurdy Gurdy Man (May); bitter perf. reveal his discontent with the music biz; Alan Parker plays guitar after Jimi Hendrix and Jimmy Page are unavailable; who plays the tambura?; Goo Goo Barabajagal (May); Jeff Beck on lead guitar; Donovan in Concert (album #6) (July); Anaheim, Calif.; one of the first live rock LPs; Lalena (Laleña) (Oct.). The Doors, Waiting for the Sun (album #3); incl. Hello, I Love You (Won't You Tell Me Your Name), The Unknown Soldier (banned from radio); Touch Me (Dec.). Sir Douglas Quintet, Mendocino; sells 3M copies. Ugly Ducklings, Hangman; Can't Judge a Book. The Amboy Dukes, Journey to the Center of the Mind (album) (Apr.); incl. Journey to the Center of the Mind (#16 in the U.S.). Dave Edmunds (1943-) and Love Sculpture, Blues Helping (album); incl. Sabre Dance. 13th Floor Elevators, Live (album #3) (Jan.); Bull of the Woods (album #4) (last album); original title "The Beauty and the Beast"; incl. May the Circle Remain Unbroken, Street Song. Cass Elliot (1941-74), Dream a Little Dream (album) (solo debut); incl. Dream a Little Dream of Me. The Fifth Estate, Morning Morning. Zager and Evans, In the Year 2525 (#1 in the U.S.); from Lincoln, Neb., incl. Denny Zager (1943-) and Rick Evans (1943-); becomes a hit next year, going #1 for 6 weeks starting on July 12, incl. during the Apollo 11 Moon Mission; "In the year 2525, if man is still alive, if woman can survive, they may find... In the year 7010, if God's a comin', he ought to make it by then... In the year 9595, I'm kinda wondering if man is gonna be alive. He's taken everything this old Earth can give, and he ain't put back nothing in... Now it's been 10,000 years. Man has cried a billion tears. For what, he never knew. Now man's reign is through. But through eternal night, the twinkling of starlight, so very far away, maybe it's only yesterday." Ohio Express, Yummy Yummy Yummy (May) (#4 in the U.S.); Chewy Chewy (Oct.) (#15 in the U.S.). Small Faces, Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake (album #4) (May 24) (#1 in the U.K.); named after Ogdens' Nut-Brown Flake tobacco from Liverpool; incl. Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake, Afterglow (Of Your Love), Lazy Sunday. Georgie Fame (1943-) and the Blue Fames, The Third Face of Fame (album #6); incl. The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde (#7 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.). Family, Music in a Doll's House (album) (debut) (July); incl. Me My Friend, Mellowing Grey, Never Like This, Winter. Chris Farlowe (1940-), Tonite Let's All Make Love in London Soundtrack (album) (July). Balloon Farm, Question of Temperature. Jose Feliciano (1945-), Feliciano! (album); incl. Light My Fire; The Star-Spangled Banner. Jerry Filler, Over You. The Fugs, Tenderness Junction (album #4); It Crawled Into My Hand, Honest (album #5); incl. Crystal Liaison, Wide Wide River, Johnny Piss Off. Bobbie Gentry (1944-) and Glen Campbell (1936-2017), Bobbie Gentry and Glen Campbell (album) (Sept.); incl. All I Have to Do Is Dream (by the Everly Brothers) (#27 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.), Little Green Apples (by Bob Russell), My Elusive Dreams. Jimmy Gilmer (1940-) and The Fireballs, Bottle of Wine (#9 in the U.S.); written by Tom Paxton. Bottle of Wine. Eddie Floyd (1937-), Big Bird. Pink Floyd, A Saucerful of Secrets (album #2) (June 29); after this album, David Jon Gilmour (1946-) replaces mentally unstable Syd Barrett (1946-2006); incl. A Saucerful of Secrets, Let There Be More Light, Remember a Day, Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun, Corporal Clegg, Jugband Blues. The Foundations, Rocking the Foundations (album #2); incl. Build Me Up Buttercup (#2 in the U.K., #3 in the U.S.), written by Tom Macaulay (1941-); "Why do you build me up Buttercup, baby, just to let me down, and mess me around, and then worst of all, you never call baby, when you say you will, but I love you still. I need you more than anyone, darling, you know that I have from the start, so build me up Buttercup, don't break my heart" (should be the officlal Erectile Dysfunction song?); also Baby Now That I've Found You (#11 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (first #1 U.K. hit from a multiracial group) (written by Tom Macaulay); The Foundations (album #3). Jean Francaix (1912-97), Clarinet Concerto. Aretha Franklin (1942-2018), (You Better) Think; (Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone; The House That Jack Built; I Say a Little Prayer. Freakout, Electric Flag; from the film "You Are What You Eat". Free, Tons of Sobs (album) (debut) (Nov.); from London, incl. Paul Bernard Rodgers (1949-) (vocals), Paul Francis Kossoff (1950-76) (guitar), Andrew McLan "Andy" Fraser (1952-2015) (bass), John Douglas "Rabbit" Bundrick (keyboards), Simon Frederick St. George Kirke (1949-) (drums); incl. Goin' Down Slow. Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91) and Brigitte Bardot (1934-), Comic Strip (album); incl. Bonnie and Clyde. Paul Simon (1941-) and Art Garfunkel (1941-), The Graduate Soundtrack (album #3) (Jan. 21); incl. Mrs. Robinson; Bookends (album #4) (Apr. 3); incl. Bookends, America, A Hazy Shade of Winter, Fakin' It, Mrs. Robinson, At the Zoo. Marvin Gaye (1939-84), In the Groove/I Heard It Through the Grapevine (album #9) (Aug. 26); incl. I Heard It Through the Grapevine (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); has an eerie suicidal quality that makes it #1?; he originally thought it "sucked" and turned it down, then was so depressed over Tammi Terrell that he called the success "undeserved". Marvin Gaye (1939-84) and Tammi Terrell (1945-70), You're All I Need (album #2) (Aug.); incl. Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing, You're All I Need to Get By. Bee Gees, Horizontal (album #4) (Jan.); incl. Massachusetts, World, And the Sun Will Shine; Idea (album #5) (Aug.); sells 1M copies; incl. I've Gotta Get a Message to You, I Started a Joke, Such a Shame (lead vocals by Vince Melouney). Bobbie Gentry (1944-), The Delta Sweete (album #2) (Mar.) (#132 in the U.S.); incl. Louisiana Man (by Doug Kershaw) (#100 in the U.S.); Local Gentry (album #3). Bobbie Gentry (1944-) and Glen Campbell (1936), Bobbie Gentry and Glen Campbell (album); incl. All I Have to Do Is Dream (#27 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.). Bobby Goldsboro (1941-), Honey; #1 hit; a "musical sphincter lock" (Al Bundy in "Married: With Children). Peter and Gordon, I Feel Like Going Out (Apr.); You've Had Better Times (July 12). Les Goths, Turn Over; from France. Eddy Grant (1948-), Baby Come Back. Moby Grape, Wow/Grape Jam (double album) (Apr. 3); incl. Never; Skip Spence goes crazy on LSD and ends up in Bellevue Hospital in New York City, then after release heads for Nashville on a motorcycle dressed in pajamas to record the solo album "Oar" (1969), quitting Moby Grape. The Royal Guardsmen, Snoopy for President (album); incl. Snoopy for President; I Say Love; Baby Let's Wait. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Down Every Road (album); incl. Mama Tried; Same Train, Different Time (album); tribute to Jimmie Rodgers; incl. Sing Me Back Home; The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Speak Like a Child (album #6). Edwards Hand, Edwards Hand (album) (debut); formerly Piccadilly Line; Rod Edwards and Roger Hand. Howard Hanson (1896-1981), Symphony No. 6 (Feb. 29) (New York). Tim Hardin (1941-80), Tim Hardin 3 Live in Concert (album) (Nov.). Roy Harper (1941-), Come Out Fighting Ghengis Smith (album #2). Richard Harris (1930-2002), A Tramp Shining (album); incl. MacArthur Park (by Jimmy Webb) (on Wilshire Blvd. - he calls it MacArthur's Park) (#2 in the U.S.). Roy Harris (1898-1979), Symphony No. 11 (Feb. 8) New York). Procol Harum, Shine on Brightly (album #2); incl. Shine on Brightly, In Held Twas In I (17 min.). Edwin Hawkins Singers, Oh Happy Day; million-selling gospel hit; Edwin Hawkins (1943-). Lee Hazlewood (1929-2007) and Nancy Sinatra (1940-), Nancy & Lee (album); incl. Some Velvet Morning; "About Phaedra, how she gave me life". Canned Heat, Boogie with Canned Heat (album #2) (Jan. 21); incl. On the Road Again (#16 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.), Amphetamine Annie, Evil Woman; Living the Blues (album #3) (double album) (Nov. 1); incl. Going Up the Country (#11 in the U.S., #19 in the U.K.). Jimi Hendrix (1942-70), Electric Ladyland (album); incl. All Along the Watchtower (written by Bob Dylan), Voodoo Child (Slight Return), Voodoo Chile (his last #1 hit in the U.K.). Hans Werner Henze (1926-), Das Floss der Medusa (oratorio) (The Raft of Medusa) (Planten un Blomen Hall, Hamburg) (Dec. 9); a requiem for Che Guevara; he is arrested with several others at the Hamburg debut for placing a red flag on the stage after the Che poster is torn up by the orchestra mgr., after which he spends a year teaching in Cuba, but becomes disillusioned with Castro. Herman's Hermits, Mrs. Brown You've Got A Lovely Daugher Sountrack (album). The Hollies, Jennifer Eccles (#40 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.). Mary Hopkin (1950-), Those Were the Days (Aug. 30) (debut); an old Russian song; produced by Paul McCartney; one of the first singers signed by Apple Records. Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 21 ("Etchmiadzin"), Op. 234. Janis Ian (1951-), The Secret Life of J. Eddy Fink. Wanda Jackson (1937-), My Baby Walked Right Out On Me; A Girl Don't Have to Drink to Have Fun. Tommy James (1947-) and the Shondells, Mony Mony (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.), Crimson and Clover (#1 in the U.S.). Tom Jones (1940-), Delilah; written by Les Reed and Barry Mason; Help Yourself; based on "Gli Occhi Miei" by Carlo Donida, performed at the 1968 San Remo Festival by Dino and Wilma Goich, with lyrics by Jack Fishman. Ulysses Kay (1917-95), Stephen Crane (cantata) (Feb. 4) (Chicago); Symphony No. 1 (Mar. 28) (Chicago). The Kinks, The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society (album #6) (Nov. 22); last with Pete Quaife; incl. The Village Green Preservation Society, Wicked Annabella, Susannah's Still Alive. Jerry Leiber (1933-) and Mike Stoller (1933-), Do Your Own Thing. John Lennon (1940-80) and Yoko Ono (1933-), Unfinished Msuic No. 1: Two Virgins (album) (debut) (Nov. 29). Gary Lewis (1946-) and the Playboys, Golden Greats (album #6); Gary Lewis and the Playboys (album #7); incl. You Don't Have to Paint Me a Picture, My Heart's Symphony. More Golden Greats (album #8). Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006) et al., 2001: A Space Odyssey Soundtrack; incl. The Blue Danube, Atmospheres (1961), Lux Aeterna (1966) (moonbus scene), Requiem (Kyrie) (1963-5), Aventures (1962). The Locomotive, Rudi's in Love. Jackie Lomax (1944-), Sour Milk Sea; written by George Harrison and released by Apple Records; features George Harrison and Eric Clapton on guitar, Paul McCartney on bass, Ringo Starr on drums, and Nicky Hopkins on piano. Trini Lopez (1937-2020), Sally Was a Good Old Girl. Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms, You Got Me Hummin'. Lulu (1948-), To Sir, With Love (#1 in the U.S.). Loretta Lynn (1935-), Fist City. Fleetwood Mac, Fleetwood Mac (album) (debut) (Feb.); from London; named by founder Peter Green (Peter Allen Greenbaum) (1946-2020) after drummer Michael John Kells "Mick" Fleetwood (1947-) and bassist John Graham McVie (1945-); incl. Daniel David "Danny" Kirwan (1950-), Robert Lawrence "Bob" Welch Jr. (1945-), Robert Joseph "Bob" Weston (1947-), Stephanie Lynn "Stevie" Nicks (1948-), Lindsey Adams Buckingham (1949-), and Christine McVie (1943-); incl. Black Magic Woman, Need Your Love So Bad; Albatross (Nov.) (#1 in the U.K., #104 in the U.S.); Mr. Wonderful (album #2) (Aug. 23); incl. Dust My Broom. The Blues Magoos, Basic Blues Magoos (album #3). The Mamas and the Papas, The Papas & the Mamas (album #4) (last album) (May) (#15 in the U.S.); incl. Twelve-Thirty (Young Girls Are Coming to the Canyon), Safe in My Garden, Dream a Little Dream of Me, For the Love of Ivy, Gemini Childe; they break up after a trip to London where John Phillips insults Cass Elliott in front of Mick Jagger and she quits; they first return to finish the album, and appear on the Ed Sullivan Show in the summer, after which they officially split in July after releasing five studio albums and 17 singles incl. six top-10 singles, selling a total of 40M records worldwide; John and Michelle divorce in 1970, after which she marries Dennis Hopper on Oct. 31-Nov. 8, 1970 (8 days). Manfred Mann, The Mighty Quinn (Jan. 12) (#1 in the U.K.) (by Bob Dylan) )(about an Eskimo); Theme from "Up the Junction" (Feb. 23); My Name is Jack (June 7); Fox on the Run (Nov. 29) (#5 in the U.K.). The Marbles, Only One Woman (#5 in the U.K.); Graham Bonnet (1947-), later with Rainbow. The Marmalade, Lovin' Things (by Keith Mansfield) (summer) (#6 in the U.K.); covered by the Grass Roots in 1969. Marvelettes, Sophisticated Soul (album); incl. My Baby Must Be a Magician. Melanie (1947-), Born to Be (My First Album) (album) (Nov.) (debut). Steve Miller Band, Children of the Future (album) (debut) (Sept.); Steve "Guitar" Miller (1943-), James Cook (guitar), Lonnie Turner (bass), Tim Davis (drums), Boz Scaggs (1944-); produced by Glyn Johns; incl. Children of the Future, Steppin' Stone, Key to the Highway; Sailor (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Dear Mary, Living in the USA, Quicksilver Girl, Gangster of Love. Mills Brothers, Cab Driver; written by Clarence Carson Parks II (1936-2005); their last hit. Joni Mitchell (1943-), Song to a Seagull (album) (debut) (Mar.); incl. I Had a King (about her ex Chuck Mitchell), Nathan La Franeer (a bitter taxi driver she knows) Sisotowbell Lane ("Somehow, in spite of trouble, ours will be everlasting love"), Song to a Seagull (the longing for freedom). Thelonious Monk (1917-82), Underground (album); Monk's Blues (album). The Monkees, The Birds, the Bees & the Monkees (album #5) (Apr. 22) (#3 in the U.S.) (1M copies); incl. Valleri, Head Soundtrack (album #6) (Dec. 1); last with all four Monkees until 1996; cover is surfaced with aluminized PET film; incl. Porpoise Song (Head Theme), Circle Sky. Chris Montez (1943-), The Face I Love (#15 in the U.S.); Love is Here to Stay (338 in the U.S.). Jane Morgan (1924-), A Child; her last charting song. Van Morrison (1945-), Astral Weeks (album) (solo debut); incl. Astral Weeks, Sweet Thing. The Move, Fire Brigade (Feb.) (#3 in the U.K.); first with Roy Wood singing lead vocals; The Move (album) (debut) (Apr.); Wild Tiger Woman (Aug.); Blackberry Way (Dec.) (#1 in the U.K.). Anne Murray (1945-), What About Me (album) (debut); incl. What About Me, There Goes My Everything, The Last Thing on My Mind. Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (1896-1957), Il Gattopardo (The Leopard) (opera) (Palermo) (Dec. 19); based on his 1958 novel. Os Mutantes, Os Mutantes (The Mutants) (album) (debut); Tropicalia band; Rita Lee (1947-) (vocals), Arnaldo Baptista (1948-), Sergio Dias Baptista (1951-); original name Six-Sided Rockers; incl. A Minha Menina (My Girl). Johnny Nash (1940-), You Got Soul. The New Christy Minstrels, On Tour Through Motortown (album #15); Big Hits from Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (with Arthur Treacher) (album #16). Anthony Newley (1931-99), I'm All I Need; Sweet November. The Nice, Ars Longa Vita Brevis (album #2) (Nov.); first rock album to use an orchestra?; David O'List is fired during the recording; incl. Diary of an Empty Day, Country Pie. Harry Nilsson (1941-94), Aerial Ballet (album #3); title refers to his circus highwire act grandparents; incl. Everybody's Talkin' (by Fred Neil) (a flop until it is used in the 1919 film "Midnight Cowboy"), Little Cowboy (written by his mother) (later used as the theme for "The Courtship of Eddie's Father"), Good Old Desk (about God?), Daddy's Song (removed after the Monkees pay $35K for exclusive rights to use it in their film "Head"), One ("One is the loneliest number") (later becomes a #1 U.S. Three Dog Night hit); Skidoo Soundtrack. Laura Nyro (1947-97), Eli and the Thirteenth Confession (album #2) (Mar. 3); first of the Holy Trinity of albums (1968-70); incl. Stoned Soul Picnic, Eli's Comin', Emmie (first pop lesbian love song?), Timer. Phil Ochs (1940-76), Tape from California (album #5) (July); incl. Tape from California, The War Is Over (if people just declare it's over, it will be?), The Harder They Fall, White Boots Marching in a Yellow Land, When In Rome (13 min. on depression). Des O'Connor (1932-), I Pretend (album); incl. I Pretend; written by Les Reed and Barry Mason. Kenny O'Dell (1946-), Beautiful People (album) (debut); incl. Beautiful People. The O'Kaysons, I'm a Girl Watcher. Roy Orbison (1936-88), Born To Be Loved By You/ Shy Away (Jan.); Walk On/ Flowers (July); Heartache/ Sugar Man (Sept.). Orpheus, I've Never Seen Love Like This. Robin Orr (1909-2006), Full Circle (opera) (Perth); libretto by Sydney Goodsir Smith. Gram Parsons (1946-73) and the Internat. Submarine Band, Safe at Home (album) (debut); pioneers country rock. Dolly Parton (1946-), Just Because I'm a Woman. The Lemon Pipers, Rice Is Nice (#46 in the U.S.); Jelly Jungle (Of Orange Marmalade) (#51 in the U.S.). Elvis Presley (1935-77), Guitar Man/ High Heel Sneakers (Jan.); Elvis Golden Records Vol. 4 (album) (Feb.); US Male/ Stay Away (Mar.); You'll Never Walk Alone/ We Call On Him (Apr.); Your Time Hasn't Come Yet Baby/ Let Yourself Go (May); Speedway (album) (June); incl. There Ain't Nothing Like A Song (with Nancy Sinatra); Almost in Love (album); incl. Almost In Love/ Little Less Conversation (Sept.); If I Can Dream/ Edge of Reality (Oct.); Singer Presents Elvis Singing Flaming Star and Others (album) (Nov.); Elvis NBC-TV Special (album) (Dec.). The Electric Prunes, Mass in F Minor (album #3) (Jan.); a psychedelic Latin Mass; incl. Kyrie Eleison (featured in the 1969 film "Easy Rider"); Release of An Oath: The Kol Nidre - A Prayer of Antiquity (album #4) (Nov.); mixed Jewish and Christian liturgies, performed by session musicians working for producer David Axelrod. Gary Puckett (1942-) and the Union Gap, Young Girl (Mar. 4) (#2 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); Over You; Don't Give In To Him; Lady Willpower (#2 in the U.S.). Bubble Puppy, Hot Smoke and Sassafras (#14 in the U.S.); named after the Centrifugal Bumble-Puppy game in Aldous Huxley's "Brave New World"; from Austin, Tex., incl. Rod Prince (guitar), Todd Potter (guitar), Roy Cox (bass), and David "Fuzzy" Fore (drums); named after a mangled line from "The Beverly Hillbillies". Deep Purple, Shades of Deep Purple (album) (debut) (July); AKA Roundabout; from Hertford, England, incl. Rod Evans (1947-) (vocals), Jonathan Douglas "Jon" Lord (1941-2012) (organ), Hugh Richard "Ritchie" Blackmore (1945-) (guitar), Nicholas "Nick" Simper (1945-) (bass), and Ian Paice (1948-) (drums); distributed by Tetragrammaton Records, founded by Roy Silver, Marvin Deane, Bruce Post Campbell, and Bill Cosby, which also distributes John Lennon's and Yoko Ono's 1968 "Two Virgins" album, but goes bankrupt in 1971, leaving Deep Purple's deep pockets empty and broke; incl. Hush (#4 in the U.S.); The Book of Taliesyn (album #2) (Dec. 11); incl. River Deep, Mountain High (#53 in the U.S.). Status Quo, Picturesque Matchstickable Messages from the Status Quo (album) (debut) (Sept. 27); originally the Spectres; from England, incl. Francis Dominic Nicholas Michael Rossi (1949-) and Alan Charles Lancaster (1949-); they go on to produce a record 60+ chart hits in the U.K., incl. 22 in the top-10; Pictures of Matchstick Men (only U.S. hit), Black Veils of Melancholy. The (Young) Rascals, Once Upon A Dream (album #4) (Feb. 19) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. It's Wonderful, Once Upon A Dream; Beautiful Morning; The Rascals' Greatest Hits (album) (June 24). Paul Revere and The Raiders, Hard'n Heavy (With Marshmallow) (album); incl. Too Much Talk; Don't Take It So Hard; Cinderella Sunshine; Alias Pink Puzz (album). Otis Redding (1941-67), The Dock of the Bay (album #6) (Feb. 23) (posth.); incl. (Sittin' on) The Dock of the Bay (Jan.) (posth.); "Nothing to live for, and looks like nothing's gonna come my way"; The Immortal Otis Redding (album #7) (June) (posth.); incl. The Happy Song (Dum-Dum), I've Got Dreams to Remember, Hard to Handle; In Person at the Whisky a Go Go (album) (Oct.). Red Krayola, God Bless the Red Krayola and All Who Sail With It (album #2); incl. Say Hello to Jamie Jones. Martha Reeves (1941-) and the Vandellas, Ridin' High (album); incl. Forget Me Not. Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR), Creedence Clearwater Revival (album) (debut); John Cameron Fogerty (1945-) (vocals), Tom Fogerty (1941-) (guitar), Stuart Alden "Stu" Cook (1945-) (bass), Doug "Cosmo" Clifford (1945-) (drums); named after Fogerty's friend Creedence Nuball, Olympia Beer commercials, and their revived commitment after getting back from military service; produced by Saul Zaentz of Fantasy Records; incl. Suzie Q (1956 hit by Dale Hawkins). Jeannie C. Riley (1945-), Harper Valley PTA (#1 country) (#1 in the U.S.) (#12 in the U.K.) (6M copies); written by Tom T. Hall (1936-), who arrived in Nashville in 1964 with $46 and a geetar, and also writes "The Year That Clayton Delaney Died" and "Old Dogs, Children, and Watermelon Wine". Terry Riley (1935-), In C (album); the result of study under Indian singer Pandit Pran Nath; incl. In C; a minimalist classic - sounds like the ending bars to something, except it's the whole piece? Marty Robbins (1925-82), I Walk Alone (#1 country) (#65 in the U.S.). Smokey Robinson (1940-) and the Miracles, Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (album #12) (Feb. 26); incl. I Second That Emotion; Special Occasion (album #13) (Aug.); incl. Special Occasion, If You Can Want. Kenny Rogers (1938-) and the First Edition, The First Edition (album) (debut); incl. Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) (debut) (#5 in U.S.); The First Edition's Second (album #2). Linda Ronstadt (1946-) and the Stone Poneys, Linda Ronstadt, Stoney Poneys and Friends, Vol. III (album #3) (last) (Apr.). The Grass Roots, Midnight Confessions (#5 in the U.S.). Jerome Rosen (1921-), Concerto for Synket and Orchestra (Seattle). Diana Ross (1944-) and the Supremes, Love Child; I'm Gonna Make You Love Me. Diana Ross (1944-) and the Supremes and the Temptations, I'm Gonna Make You Love Me. Marty Robbins (1925-82), You Gave Me a Mountain. Tim Rose (1940-2002), Tim Rose (album) (solo debut); incl. Come Away Melinda. Tom Rush (1941-), The Circle Game (album) (Dec.); incl. The Circle Game (by Joni Mitchell), Rockport Sunday, No Regrets; the first music video? Bobby Russell (1940-92), Little Green Apples. Barry Ryan (1948-), Eloise; Paul becomes the songwriter, Barry does the singing, causing greater success. Sagittarius, Present Tense (album )debut); studio group led by Gary Usher (1938-90), incl. Glen Campbell (1936-2017); incl. My World Fell Down (#70 in the U.S.). Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again (album); incl. I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again, Take My Hand for Awhile. The Searchers, Umbrella Man; doesn't chart, and they're about kaput, releasing one more in 1971. The Scaffold, The Scaffold (album); incl. Lily the Pink (Oct.) (1M copies). Pete Seeger (1919-2014), Wimoweh and Other Songs of Freedom and Protest. Quicksilver Messenger Service, Quicksilver Messenger Service (album) (debut); based in San Francisco, Calif., incl. Gary Duncan (Grubb) (1946-) (formerly with The Brogues), Johnathan "John" Cippolina (1943-89), David Freiberg (1938-), Greg Elmore (1946-); Revolution: Movie Soundtrack. Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Symphony No. 8 (May 2) (New York). Sandie Shaw (1947-), Today; Don't Run Away; Together; Those Were the Days. Patrick Sky (1943-), Reality Is Bad Enough (album #2) (Verve Forecast); incl. Jimmy Clay. Percy Sledge (1941-), Take Time to Know Her; Sudden Stop; You're All Around Me. Buffalo Springfield, Last Time Around (album #3) (last album); incl. On the Way Home. Steppenwolf, Steppenwolf (album) (debut) (Jan.); originally The Sparrows; from Canada, incl. John Kay (Joachim Fritz Krauledat) (1944-) (born in Germany, then emigrated to Canada in 1958) (vocals), Michael Monarch (1950-) (guitar), Rushton Moreve (John Russell Morgan) (1948-81) (bass), Goldy McJohn (John Raymond Goadsby) (1945-) (keyboards), Jerry Edmonton (1946-93) (drums); incl. The Pusher, Born to Be Wild; written by Mars Bonfire (Dennis Edmonton) (1943-); Steppenwolf the Second (album #2) (Nov.); incl. Magic Carpet Ride. Michael Stewart (1924-87) and John and Fran Pascal, George M! (musical) (Apr. 10) (New York, Palace Theatre); music and lyrics by George M. Cohan; stars Joel Grey, Jill O'Hara and Bernadette Peters. Dusty Springfield (1939-99), Son of a Preacher Man (Nov. 8) (#10 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.); written by John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins, and originally offered to Aretha Franklin, who changes her mind too late after it becomes a hit. Sly and the Family Stone, Dance to the Music (album #2) (Apr. 27); incl. Dance to the Music; Life (album #3) (Sept.); incl. Life. The Rolling Stones, Jumpin' Jack Flash (May); Beggars Banquet (album #9) (Dec. 6); incl. Dear Doctor, Parachute Woman, Street Fighting Man, Stray Cat Blues, Salt of the Earth ("Let's take a drink to the salt of the Earth"), Factory Girl, Sympathy for the Devil (original title "The Devil is My Name"); inspired by Mikhail Bulgakov's 1937 novel "The Master and Margarita", which was introduced to Mick Jagger by Marianne Faithfull; Stray Cat Blues. Strangers, Happy Without You. Howard Tate (1939-), Stop. James Taylor (1948-), James Taylor (album) (debut) (Dec.); first recording by a non-British artist released by Apple Records, and his only release on that label. Temptations, I Wish It Would Rain; Cloud Nine. The Pretty Things, S.F. Sorrow (album #4) (Dec.); one of the first rock concept slash rock opera albums, about Sebastian F. Sorrow; incl. S.F. Sorrow Is Born, Bracelets of Fingers, Balloon Burning, Baron Saturday. B.J. Thomas (1942-2021), On My Way (album); incl. Hooked on a Feeling (#5 in the U.S.) (#3 in Canada); features a sitar. David Clayton-Thomas (1941-), Spinning Wheel. Randall Thompson (1899-1984), Place of the Blest; based on texts by Robert Herrick and Richard Wilbur. Big Mama Thornton (1926-84) and Lightnin' Hopkins (1912-83), Ball 'n' Chain. Tiny Tim (1932-96), God Bless Tiny Tim (album) (debut); demonstrates his encyclopedic knowledge of pre-rock music, and his ability to sing baritone and tenor as well as falsetto; incl. Tip-Toe Through the Tulips (cover of the 1929 Nick Lucas #1 U.S. hit), The Other Side. The Box Tops, Cry Like a Baby (Feb.) (#2 in the U.S., #15 in the U.K.). The Four Tops, Yesterday's Dreams (album); incl. Yesterday's Dreams, Walk Away Renee, If I Were a Carpenter. Traffic, Traffic (album #2) (Oct.) (#17 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.); incl. Feelin' Alright, (Roamin' Thru the Gloamin' with) 40,000 Headmen. T.Rex, My People Were Fair and Had Sky in Their Hair... But Now They're Content to Wear Stars on Their Brows (album) (debut) (July 5) (#15 in the U.K.); incl. Hot Rod Mama. Child Star, Scenescof. Prophets, Seers & Sages: The Angels of the Ages (album #2) (Oct. 14); incl. Aznageel the Mage, The Friends, Wind Quartets, full name Tyrannosaurus Rex; from London, England, incl. Marc Bolan (Feld) (1947-77) and Steve Peregrin Took (1949-80). Spooky Tooth, It's All About (album) (debut) (June); incl. Tobacco Road (by J.D. Loudermilk); formerly Art; from England, incl. Michael "Mike" Harrison (1942-) (keyboards, vocals), Gary Malcolm Wright (1943-) (organ), Luther "Luke" Grosvenor (1946-) (guitar, vocals), Alfred Gregory "Greg" Ridley (1942-2003), Andy Leigh (bass, vocals), Mike Kellie (1947-) (drums). Jethro Tull, This Was (Oct. 25) (#62 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.); from Blackpool and Luton, England, incl. Ian Scott Anderson (1947-); named after English agriculturalist (inventor of horse-drawn seed drill) Jethro Tull (1674-1741); incl. Cat's Squirrel. The Turtles, The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands (album #4) (Nov.); the identity crisis band pretends to be a series of different groups; a flop. Tyrannosaurus Rex, Debora. The Velvet Underground, White Light/White Heat (album) (Jan. 30); incl. White Light/White Heat, Lady Godiva's Operation, The Gift, Here She Comes Now, Sister Ray. The Untouchables, Tighten Up. Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, Will You Love Me Tomorrow; Electric Stories. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Nevertheless (I'm in Love With You); Mame; Souvenirs. The Ventures, Flights of Fantasy (album) (May); The Horse (album) (Aug.); first with bassist Gerry McGee replacing Nokie Edwards; Hawaii Five-O (album) (may 10) (#11 in the U.S.); incl. Hawaii Five-O Theme (#4 in the U.S.). Bobby Vinton (1935-), Just as Much as Ever (#24 in the U.S.); Take Good Care of My Baby (album #17) (May); incl. Take Good Care of My Baby (#33 in the U.S.), I Love How You Love Me (album #18) (Dec.); incl. I Love How You Love Me (#9 in the U.S.), Halfway to Paradise (#23 in the U.S.). The Vogues, Turn Around, Look at Me (album #3); incl. Turn Around, Look at Me (by Glen Campbell) (#7 in the U.S.); My Special Angel (by Bobby Helms) (#7 in the U.S.). Jerry Jeff Walker (1942-), Mr. Bojangles (#77 in the U.S.); about a tap-dancing homeless white man he met in a New Orleans jail ("I knew a man Bojangles and he'd dance for you in worn-out shoes/ Silver hair, ragged shirt and baggy pants, that old soft shoe/ He'd jump so high, he'd jump so high, then he lightly touched down/ Mr. Bojangles, Mr. Bojangles, dance"), after which the hit covers by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Neil Diamond, Bob Dylan, Tom T. Hall, Sammy Davis Jr. et al. turn him into a living legend, allowing him to set up shop in Austin Tex. Junior Walker (1931-) and the All Stars, Hip City, Pt. 2. Jennifer Warnes (1947-), I Can Remember Everything (album) (debut). Dionne Warwick (1940-), Do You Know the Way to San Jose? (#10 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); I'll Never Fall in Love Again (#19 in the U.S.). Jimmy Webb (1946-), Galveston. Mary Wells (1943-92), The Doctor. Dr. West's Medicine Show and Junk Band, The Eggplant That Ate Chicago; Norman Greenbaum (1942-). The Who, Magic Bus: The Who on Tour (album #4) (Sept.); incl. Magic Bus, Pictures of Lily. Andy Williams (1927-), Honey (album) (#9 in the U.S.). Mason Williams (1938-), The Mason Williams Phonograph Record (album) (Feb.); head writer for "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour"; incl. Classical Gas. Johnny Winter (1944-), The Progressive Blues Experiment (album) (debut). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Eivets Rednow (album #9) (Nov. 20); instrumental album released under his name spelled backwards; incl. Alfie Theme (by Burt Bacharach and Hal David). For Once in My Life (album #10) (Dec. 10); incl. For Once in My Life, Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day. Betty Wright (1953-), My First Time Around (album) (debut); incl. Girls Can't Do What Guys Can Do. Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Take Me to Your World/ I Don't Wanna Play House (album #2) (Jan. 5) (#3 country); incl. Take Me to Your World (#1 country), I Don't Wanna Play House (#1 country); D-I-V-O-R-C-E (album #3) (Dec.) (#1 country) (#147 in the U.S.); incl. D-I-V-O-R-C-E (#1 country) (#63 in the U.S.). Neil Young (1945-), Neil Young (album) (debut) (Nov. 12); produced by Jack Nitzsche (1937-2000); incl. I've Been Waiting for You. Frank Zappa (1940-93) and The Mothers of Invention, We're Only In It for the Money (album #3) (Jan.); incl. Are You Hung Up?, Bow Tie Daddy, Telephone Conversation; Lumpy Gravy (album) (solo debut) (May 13); incl. Duodenum; Cruising with Ruben and the Jets (album) (Nov.). The Zombies, Odessey and Oracle (album) (Apr. 19); "odyssey" is misspeled, er, misspelled by cover designers; incl. Time of the Season (#3 in the U.S.), Care of Cell 44, This Will Be Our Year; they disband before the album is released, and it flops, although it is now considered one of the top 100 rock albums of all time. Movies: Steven Spielberg's Amblin' is his first film (26 min.), about a marijuana-puffing guitar guy (Richard Levin) who picks up a free barefoot wannabe hippie girl (Pamela McMyler) in the S Calif. desert then travels with her to find paradise on the beach (sex in a sleeping bag), after which she opens up his guitar case, finds middle class items (suit and tie, mouthwash, and toothpaste, and a copy of Arthur C. Clarke's "The City and the Stars"), and disdainfully leaves him; Spielberg later names his production co. after the film. Edward Dmytryk's Anzio, about the 1944 Battle of Anzio, Italy stars Robert Mitchum as war correspondent Dick Ennis, Peter Falk as Cpl. Rabinoff, and Arthur Kennedy as Gen. Lesley. Roger Vadim's Barbarella (Oct. 18), set in the year 40,000 stars bodacious Jane Seymour Fonda (1937-) as Barbarella, who is sent by Earth pres. Dianthus (Claude Dauphin) to rescue Dr. Durand Durand (Miles O'Shea), inventor of the Positronic Ray from the planet Tau Ceti, taking on the Black Queen of Sogo, the Great Tyrant (Anita Pallenberg), who puts her in the Excessive Machine that tries to orgasms her to death; John Phillip Law plays Pygar the Angel; David Hemmings plays resistance leader Dildano; "Meet the most beautiful creature of the future. Her name is Barbarella, and she makes science fiction something else.... Barbarella is a 5-star double-rated astro-navigatrix Earth girl, whose specialty is love." Fraucois Truffaut's The Bride Wore Black (La Mariee Etait en Noir) (June 25), based on a Cornell Woolrich novel is a homage to Alfred Hitchcock, complete with score by Bernard Hermann, starring Jeanne Moreau as a woman who gets revenge on all five men who accidentally killed her hubby. Peter Yates' Bullitt (Oct. 17), based on the Robert L. Fish (Pike) novel "Mute Witness" stars Steve McQueen as Lt. Frank Bullitt racing through the roller coaster streets of San Francisco in a 325 hp Mustang GT 390 chasing a 375 hp Dodge Charger (greatest car chase ever filmed?); #4 grossing film of 1968 ($42.3M). Gerald Thomas' Carry On Up the Khyber (Khyber Pass as in Ass) (Sept.) (Rank Org.) is a spoof of Rudyard Kipling films starring the usual cast, with Roy Castle taking Jim Dale's part as the romantic male lead. Ralph Nelson's Charly (Sept. 23), based on the 1959 short story "Flowers for Algernon" by Daniel Keyes stars Cliff Retarded Man, er, Cliff Robertson as retarded Charly Gordon, who wakes up a genius, only to go dumb again when it hurts the most. Robert Altman's Countdown (Feb.), based on the Hank Searls novel stars Robert Duvall, James Caan et al. as astronauts on the first Moon mission; the real one doesn't happen until next year, so they think the cash registers will ring? Nagisa Oshima's Death by Hanging is about the failed 1958 execution of a young Korean for rape and murder. Gordon Douglas' The Detective (May 28), based on the 1968 novel by Roderick Thorp stars Frank Sinatra as detective Joe Leland, and is the producing debut of New York-born Jew Robert Evans (1930-), the first actor to run a studio, who goes on to become production head of Paramount in 1966-74, bringing it from #9 largest to #1 with giant hits incl. "Barefoot in the Park", "The Odd Couple", "True Grit", "Rosemary's Baby", "The Great Gatsby", and "The Godfather", while living like Croesus and going through seven increasingly glamorous wives, starting with #3 Ali MacGraw next year (1969-72). Leonid Gaidai's The Diamond Arm is about a Soviet smuggler who uses a plaster cast, going on to become a giant hit in the Soviet Union, with 76.7M tickets sold. John Cassavetes' Faces (Nov. 24) stars John Marley and Lynn Carlin as middle-aged couple Richard and Maria, who break up and fall into the arms of ho Jeannie (Gena Rowlands) and hippie Chet (Seymour Cassel), becoming the first indie hit of John Nicholas Cassavetes (1929-89), helping launch the New Hollywood in which a dir. doesn't need a studio. Francis Ford Coppola's Finian's Rainbow (Oct. 9) (Warner Bros. - Seven Arts), based on the 1947 E.Y. Harburg-Fred Saidy musical stars Fred Astaire as Finian McLonergan, Petula Clark as his daughter Sharon McLonergan, who abscond from Ireland with a pot of gold hidden in a carpetbag and head to Rainbow Valley in Missitucky near Fort Knox, while pissed-off Og the Leprechaun (Tommy Steele) pursues him; Barbara Hancock plays Susan the Silent; Keenan Wynn plays Sen. Billboard Rawkins; features songs incl. Look to the Rainbow; How Are Things in Glocca Morra; does $11.6M box office on a $3.5M budget. Paul Morrissey's Flesh (Sept. 26), about New York City hos, produced by Andy Warhol stars transsexual drag queen Candy Darling (1944-74). John Wayne's The Green Berets (June 19) (Batjac Productions), based on the 1965 Robin Moore novel stars Wayne as a you know what, and David Janssen as a skeptical journalist who follows him around and comes to realize that the Vietnam War is good; the only major Hollywood film to support the war?; shocks Wayne worshipper Phil Ochs, and spawns the hit song Ballad of the Green Berets by Green Beret SSgt. Barry Allen Sadler (1940-89) - if they were only fighting Apaches instead? Claude Chabrol's Les Biches (The Does) (Mar. 22) stars Stephane Audran and Jacqueline Sassard as tortured lesbians Frederique and Why, who go to Frederique's villa in Saint Tropez for the winner, inhabited by an odd gay couple. William Wyler's Funny Girl (Sept. 19), written by non-Jewish writer Isobel Lennart based on her 1964 play stars super singer Barbara (Barbara Joan) "Babs" Streisand (1942-) in her film debut as Jewish comedian Fannie Brice, and Omar Sharif as gambler hubby Nick Arnstein, making Streisand a star; #1 grossing film of 1968 ($58.5M). Brian De Palma's Greetings (Dec. 15), about men avoiding the Vietnam war draft is the film debut of Robert De Niro (1943-), who studied under Lee Strasberg and Stella Adler and appeared in several plays in New York City; becomes the first film to receive an X rating, although it is later reduced to R. David Miller's Hammerhead (Apr.) (Columbia Pictures) is based on the 1964 novel by English novelist James Mayo (personal friend of Ian Fleming), starring Vince Edwards as art-loving James Bond clone Charles Hood, who goes to Portugal to take on the criminal mastemind Hammerhead (Peter Vaughan) to stop him from stealing NATO nuclear secrets; Beverly Adams and Diana Dors play Hood's mistresses Ivory and Kit; Michael Bates plays NATO delegate Sir Richard Calvert. Ted Post's Hang 'Em High (Aug. 3) (United Artists) stars Clint Eastwood (the first production of his new Malpaso Co., named after a creek near his home of Carmel, Calif.) as ex-lawman Jed Cooper, who is wrongly lynched in 1889 Okla. Territory, then becomes a U.S. marshal and goes after the nine lynchers led by Capt. Wilson (Ed Begley), incl. Stone (Alan Hale Jr.), Charlie Blackfoot (Ned Romero), and weasly Miller (the real killer) (Bruce Dern); Inger Stevens plays widow Rachel Warren, who helps him, and Pat Hingle plays Eastwood's new boss, hanging judge Adam Fenton (based on Hanging Judge Isaac Parker of Ft. Smith, Ark.); Dennis Hopper plays the Prophet; a scene between Stevens and Eastwood where he kisses her and she doesn't seem to be turned on, then explains that she was raped by white men has an eerie meaning in the light of the fact that she secretly goes for black er, guys and ends up committing suicide?; does $6.8M box office on a $1.6M budget. Bob Rafelson'1 and Bert Schneider's Head (Nov. 6), co-written by Jack Nicholson is a plotless musical comedy featuring the Monkees, a collection of old movie clips, and guest appearances by Frank Zappa, Teri Garr, Annette Funicello, and Victor Mature (as The Big Victor); the title refers to the physical beginning of a film, or in case there's a sequel they can say "From the people who gave you Head"; a flop until a rescreening in 1973 gains a cult following. Lindsay Anderson's if.... (Dec. 19) (Paramount Pictures) satirizes English public school life, becoming famous for its depiction of an armed revolt that gets mileage from the May 1968 Paris student riots, earning an X rating; the film debut of Horsforth, West Riding of Yorkshire-born Malcolm McDowell (Malcolm John Taylor) (1943-) as Michael Arnold "Mick" Travis; "There is no such thing as a wrong war - violence and revolution are the only pure acts"; first in the Mick Travis Trilogy, incl. "O Lucky Man!" (1973) and "Britannia Hospital" (1982). Hy Averback's I Love You, Alice B. Toklas! (Oct. 18), written by Paul Mazursky and Larry Tucker stars Peter Sellers as an establishment atty. going hippie - a male lesbian? Ingmar Bergman's B&W Hour of the Wolf (Vargtimmen) (Feb. 19) is a surrealistic psychological horror drama film staring Max von Sydow and Liv Ullmann as painter Johan Borg and his wife Alma going bonkers on an isolated Baltic island and meeting up with demons in the hour before dawn, when most people die; "The hour of the wolf is the hour between night and dawn. It is the hour when most people die, when sleep is deepest, when nightmares are most real. It is the hour when the sleepless are haunted by their deepest fear, when ghosts and demons are most powerful. The hour of the wolf is also the hour when most children are born"; does $250K box office in the U.S. Anthony Harvey's The Lion in Winter (Oct. 30) (AVCO Embassy Pictures), based on James Goldman's play with a score by John Barry stars Peter O'Toole as Henry II (1133-89), and Katharine Hepburn as his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) duking it out in a castle in Christmas 1183; the film debut of Welsh actor Anthony Philip Hopkins (1937-) as their son Richard I Lionheart; Bristol-born Nigel Terry (1945-2015) (film debut) plays their other son John; the film debut of Welsh actor Timothy Dalton (1946-) as scheming 18-y.-o. French king Philip II Augustus (1165-1223); Hopkins is thrown from a horse and breaks his arm, halting production for three weeks; Hepburn dazzles women with women's libber lines incl. "I rode bare-breasted halfway to Damascus. I damn near died of wind burn, but the troops were dazzled", and "I'd hang you from the nipples, but you'd shock the children"; does $22.3M box office on a $4M budget. Arthur Rankin Jr.'s and Jules Bass' animated Christmas TV special The Little Drummer Boy (Dec. 19) debuts on NBC-TV, narrated by Greer Garson and starring the voice of Teddy Eccles as Jewish orphan drummer boy Aaron, who hates all humanity and only plays his drum for his animal friends until he joins the Magi's caravan and meets Baby Jesus in Bethlehem and learns to love humanity again; becomes a Christmas standard. Norman Taurog's Live a Little, Love a Little (Oct. 23), based on a novel by Dan Greenburg stars Elvis Presley as Greg Nolan, who meets Bernice (Michele Carey), loses his job and apt., and lets her get him a too-expensive apt., causing him to take two full-time jobs; also stars Rudy Vallee as Louis Penlow; features the song A Little Less Conversation. Donald Siegel's Madigan (Mar.), based on Richard Doughtery's "The Commissioner" stars Richard Widmark and Harry Guardino as NYC dicks who have 72 hours to track down killer James Whitmore while police chief Henry Fonda gets increasingly pissed-off. Robert Stevenson's The Love Bug (Mar. 13) stars a VW named Herbie, and his owner Jim Douglas (Dean Jones); Michelle Lee plays Carole Bennett, and Buddy Hackett plays Tennessee Steinmetz; #2 grossing film of 1969 ($50.5M). Milton Glaser's and Lee Savage's Mickey Mouse in Vietnam is a cartoon satire of the Vietnam War. George A. Romero's B&W Night of the Living Dead (Oct. 1) (Walter Reade Org.) debuts at Fulton Theater in dreary Pittsburgh, Penn., a horror movie set in rural W Penn. that's so bad it's great, starring Duane Jones and Judith O'Dea as humans Ben and Barbra, who hole-up in a farmhouse fighting hordes of zombies brought back to life by radiation; #6 grossing film of 1968 ($12M U.S. and $18M worldwide box office on a $114K budget); spawns sequels "Dawn of the Dead" (1979), "Day of the Dead" (1985). Jack Smight's No Way to Treat a Lady (Mar. 20) stars Rod Steiger as a serial killer and George Segal as a dick tracking him down only to discover he's going after his babe Lee Remick. Gene Saks' The Odd Couple (May 2), based on the Neil Simon play stars Jack Lemmon as Felix Ungar, and Walter Matthau as Oscar Madison; #3 grossing film of 1968 ($44.5M). Sir Carol Reed's Oliver! (Sept. 26) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1839 Charles Dickens "Oliver Twist", with music by Lionel Bart stars Mark Lester as Oliver, Ron Moody as Fagin, and Jack Wild as the Artful Dodger; features the songs "Food, Glorious Food", "Consider Yourself", "As Long As He Needs Me", "You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two", "Oom-Pah-Pah", and "Where Is Love?"; wins six Oscars; does $77.4M box office on a $10M budget. Sergio Leone's Once Upon A Time in the West (C'era una Volta il West) (Dec. 21) (Paramount Pictures), a Spaghetti Western about a band of ruthless gunmen trying to murder mysterious widow Jill McBain (Claudia Cardinale) in desert town Sweetwater is filmed in Italy, Spain, and Monument Valley, Ariz., and casts Henry Fonda against type as villain Frank, while smiling harmonica-playing Charles Bronson is cast as leading man Harmonica (after Clint Eastwood turns it down, reversing the situation in "A Fistful of Dollars"); Jason Robards plays bandit Cheyenne; features some of the longest opening credits ever; musical score by Ennio Morricone; big hit in Europe, but a flop in the U.S.; Canadian actor Al Mulock (1925-68), who had a part in this movie and "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" jumps from a hotel window in full movie costume and commits suicide in Guadix, Spain in May 1968. Blake Edwards' The Party (Apr. 4) stars Peter Sellers as bumbling Hindu actor Hrundi V. Bakshi, whom a studio exec mistakenly places on the A-list instead of the blacklist; also stars Andy Williams' French actress-singer wife (1961-75) Claudine Longet (1942-); Elvis Presley's favorite film? Richard Lester's Petulia (June 10), based on the novel "Me and the Arch Kook Petulia" by John Haase stars George C. Scott as a sensitive surgeon, whom flighty Julie Christie dallies with to spite hubby Richard Chamberlain, with 1968 hippie San Francisco as backdrop; the Grateful Dead observe Petulia being taken out of Archie's apt. on a stretcher. Franklin J. Schaffner's Planet of the Apes (Feb. 8) (20th Cent. Fox), co-written by Rod Serling based on the 1963 novel by Pierre Boulle stars Charlton Heston as human astronaut George Taylor, who crash-lands on future Earth in 2673 C.E. and meets talking apes, incl. good chimps Cornelius (Roddy McDowall) and Zira (Kim Hunter), and bad baboon Dr. Zaius (Maurice Evans), finally escaping with mute human babe Nova (Linda Harrison) and encountering the half-buried Statue of Liberty; the apes represent whites, and the humans blacks, and modern whites are supposed to see the light and lose their racist attitudes?; does $33.4M box office on a $5.8M budget. Mel Brooks' The Producers (Nov. 10), a musical about mousey accountant Leo Bloom (Gene Wilder), who sells theatrical producer Max Bialystock (Zero Mostel) on "Springtime for Hitler", a guaranteed flop for a tax write-off; the phony play is actually produced later by Alan Johnson? Paul Newman's Rachel, Rachel (Aug. 26), based on the 1966 Margaret Laurence novel "A Jest of God" stars Joanne Woodward as a sexually repressed spinster who gets awakened by her real-life hubby Paul Newman. Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet (Oct. 8) stars unknowns Leonard Whiting and Olivia Hussey, and is set in the 1960s, with Laurience Olivier voicing the prologue and epilogue, becoming a hit with teenies; does $38.9M box office on an $850K budget. Hollyweird cashes in on Millennium Fever bigtime? Roman Polanski's Rosemary's Baby (June 12 = 6, 6+6) (Paramount), based on the 1967 Ira Levin novel and Goethe's "Faust" is the first U.S. film for Polish dir. Roman Polanski (Rajmund Roman Thierry Polanski) (Liebling) (1933-); stars Mia Farrow as Rosemary Woodhouse, mother of baby 666, John Cassavetes as her Faustian actor hubby Guy Woodhouse, Sidney Blackmer and Ruth Gordon as their warlock-witch neighbors Roman Castevet (really Steven Marcato, son of warlock Adrian Marcato) and Minnie Castevet, Charles Grodin as Dr. Hill, Ralph Bellamy as Dr. Abraham Sapirstein, and Tony Curtis as the voice of actor Donald Baumgart, who is blinded so that Guy can get his big break to seal the deal; the film debut of Charles Grodin (1935-); does $33.4M box office on a $3.2M budget; Vidal Sassoon does Farrow's hair for $5K; filmed in the Dakota Apts. in New York City's Upper West Side on W 72nd St. and Central Park West (later made famous by John Lennon and Yoko Ono, who rent the Woodhouse apt.) and called the "Black Bramford"; "What did you do to its eyes?"; "He has his father's eyes"; "Satan is his father, not Guy. He came up from Hell and begat a son of mortal woman. Satan is his father and his name is Adrian. He shall overthrow the mighty and lay waste their temples. He shall redeem the despised and wreak vengeance in the name of the burned and the tortured. Hail, Adrian! Hail, Satan!"; "God is dead! Satan lives! The year is One! The year is one! God is dead!"; the name Adrian comes from the Latin "man from Hadria", a town in N Italy that gave us 2nd cent. C.E. Roman emperor Hadrian, but could be Hades?; part of a trilogy by Polanski on the horrors of apt.-dwelling incl. "Repulsion" (1965), and "The Tenant" (1976); "Look What's Happened to Rosemary's Baby" (1976) is made for TV; "Son of Rosemary" is written in 1997, and filmed in ? Sydney Pollack's The Scalphunters (Apr. 2) stars Burt Lancaster as Trapper Joe Bass, and Ossie Davis as escaped slave Joseph Lee, who are victimized by a band of you know what led by Telly Savalas; written by ex-Communist writer William Wallace "Bill" Norton (1925-2010), who writes several screenplays for Burt Reynolds then retires in 1985 and ends up as an IRA gunrunner in Northern Ireland. David Greene's Sebastian (Jan. 24) stars Dirk Bogarde as ex-Oxford prof. Sebastian, who gets involved with cracking the code of a Soviet satellite that resembles the noise of his baby's rattle. Joseph Losey's Secret Ceremony (Oct. 23), based on the short story "Ceremonia Secreta" by Marco Denevi stars Liz Taylor and Mia Farrow as an aging ho and young waif who resemble each other's dead mother and daughter. Edward Dmytryk's Shalako (Nov. 6), based on a Louis L'Amour novel is a Western starring Sean Connery as tracker Moses Zebulon "Shalako Carlin, who tries to save a party of Euros incl. Brigitte Bardot, Jack Hawkins, and Honor Blackman from bad guy "Massala" Stephen Boyd; a waste of casting? Ingmar Berman's Shame (Skammen) (Dec. 23) stars Max von Sydow and Liv Ullmann as concert musicians who flee a civil war for a small island only to have it catch up with them. Francois Truffaut's Stolen Kisses, a sequel to "The 400 Blows" stars Jean-Pierre Leaud as French dick Antoine Doinel, and his adventures with femmes, esp. Claude Jade (Chritine Darbon); dedicated to Cinematique Francais dir. Henri Langlois, who was sacked while the film was being made. Ulu Grosbard's The Subject Was Roses, based on the Frank D. Gilroy play stars Martin Sheen as Timmy Clear, who returns from war to his parents John and Netty, played by Jack Albertson and Patricia Neal, in her first film after recovering from a series of strokes. Frank and Eleanor Perry's The Swimmer (May 15), based on a John Cheever story stars Burt Lancaster as s uburbanite Ned Merrill, who swims through all the pools in his upscale Westport, Conn. neighborhood in an existential path of self-discovery; features Kim Hunter, Marge Chamion, Joan Rivers, Cornelia Otis Skinner, Janet Landgard, and Janice Rule; soundtrack by Marvin Hamlisch is not released until 2006. William Greaves' Symbopsychotaxiplasm: Take One ("together-life-movement-fluid") , based on "Inquiry into Inquiries: Eassays in Social Theory" by Arthur F. Bentley shows a group of actors from the New York City Actor's Studio auditioning in Central Park for the fictional documentary "Over the Cliff"; "a circular meta-documentary about a documentary, a documentary about a documentary and a documentary documenting a documentary about a documentary. Greaves's attempt to capture reality on film employs cameras in the right places at inopportune moments to discourage any short improvisations or unnatural events." Peter Bogdanovich's Targets (Aug. 15) stars Boris Karloff as a horror film star who retires because real life is worse than his films, and guess what, becomes the target of a sniper at a drive-in-movie; an anti-gun dialogue is added after RFK's assassination; Bogdanovich's dir. debut - I thought what happened in Vegas stayed in Vegas? Pier Paolo Pasolini's Theorem (Teorema) (Sept. 7) stars Terence Stamp as the Visitor, who visits a wealthy family and seduces everybody in it, then leaves; only 923 spoken words. Norman Jewison's The Thomas Crown Affair (June 19) (United Artists), written by Alan R. Trustman stars ever-cool Steve McQueen as a wealthy sharp-dressing bank robber, later inspiring New York Knicks coach Isiah Thomas to dress up; Faye Dunaway is his insurance investigator opponent, who falls for him; does $14M box office on a $4.3M budget; features the song The Windmills of Your Mind by Michel Legrand, performed by Noel Harrison (#8 in the U.K.), which wins the best song Oscar; remade in 1999. Robert Freeman's The Touchables (Nov. 16) stars a bevy of beautiful groupies who kidnap a rock star and force themselves on him, and he likes it. Stanley Kubrick's classical music-heavy landmark A-list sci-fi film 2001: A Space Odyssey (Apr. 2) (MGM), based on Arthur C. Clarke's story "The Sentinel", with a cool score by Romanian-born Austrian-Hungarian Jewish composer Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006) stars white dull-enough-but-kinky-inside Keir Dullea as a space Ulysses, with its depiction of space travel as commercialized and matter-of-fact (Pan Am Orion between Earth and Moon), and its depiction of the AI talking computer HAL (I-1 B-1 M-1), who throws a hissy fit over Jupiter, which just happens to be the home of the aliens who evolved us from apes, and gave us a test to qualify for the next evolutionary jump; #2 grossing film of 1968 ($56.7M U.S. and $138M worldwide on a $12M budget) the soundtrack features The Blue Danube, plus Ligeti's Atmospheres (1961), Lux Aeterna (1966) (moonbus scene), Requiem (Kyrie) (1963-5), and Aventures (1962); his 1967 piece Lontano is used in the 1980 film "The Shining" - the real thrill is the thought that white flight can look to space? Russ Meyer's Vixen!, starring sex kitten Erica Gavin (1947-) is another of his satiric big-breasted softcore porns that hits it big. Peter Bogdanovich's Voyage to the Planet of Prehistoric Women, adapted from the 1962 film "Planeta Bur" by Pavel Klushantsev stars Mamie Van Dorean as Moana, leader of a troupe of sexy Venusian women who attack Earth astronauts and adopt their robot as a god. Shelby Storck's What Manner of Man is a documentary on Hubert Humphrey, which causes a surge in the polls too late towards the end of his losing pres. race with Richard Nixon. Tom Gries' Will Penny (Feb. 16) (Paramount Pictures) stars Charlton Heston as an aging loner bad penny cowboy who gets hooked by love-hungry Catherine Allen (Joan Hackett) while fighting off the Quint family led by Preacher Quint (Donald Pleasence); a box office flop, although Heston considers it his best work?; also features Ben Johnson, Lee Majors, Bruce Dern, Slim Pickens, and Anthony Zerbe; does $1.8M box office on a $1.4M budget. Barry Shear's Wild in the Streets (May 29) stars Christopher Jones as Max Frost (Max Jacob Flatow Jr.), who fights for a Constitutional amendment to reduce the voting age and age reqts. for holding nat. political office to 14, and helps the Baby Boomers take over the world and lock up everybody over 35; also stars Hal Holbrook, and Shelley Winters. George Dunning's Yellow Submarine (July 17) (Apple Films) (King Features Syndicate) (United Artists) featuring music by the Beatles is the first full-length British animated feature in 14 years; the Fab Four accompany Capt. Fred in his you know what to battle the Blue Meanies in Pepperland for the sake of Sgt. Pepper, the Nowhere Man, and Strawberry Fields, the Sea of Time, the Sea of Science, the Sea of Monsters, the Sea of Nothing, the Sea of Holes, and the Foothills of the Headlands; voices; John: John Clive, Paul: Geoff Hughes, George: Peter Batten, Ringo: Paul Angelis (who also does Blue Meanie). Barry Feinstein's You Are What You Eat (Sept. 24) is a mobile camera freak-out flower power film shot in Haight-Ashbury, the East Village in New York, and the Sunset Strip. Melville Shavelson's Yours, Mine and Ours (Apr. 24) stars Henry Fonda as widowed naval officer Frank Beardsley, who has 10 children, and marries widowed nurse Helen North (Lucille Ball), who has eight; when asked by AP how he liked directing Ball, Shavelson replies "This is the time time I ever made a film with 19 children", pissing her off. Plays: Jay Presson Allen (1922-2006), The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (Jan. 16) (Helen Hayes Theatre, New York); adapted from the 1961 Muriel Spark novel; Forty Carats (Dec. 26) (Morosco Theatre, New York); adapted from a French play by Barillet and Gredy. Robert Woodruff Anderson (1917-), I Never Sang for My Father (Jan. 25) (Longacre Theatre, New York); autobio. drama. Jean Anouilh (1910-87), Le Boulanger, la Boulganere et le Petit Mitron. Burt Bacharach (1928-) Hal David (1921-), and Neil Simon (1927-2018), Promises, Promises (musical) (Shubert Theatre, New York) (Dec. 1) (1,281 perf.); based on the 1960 Billy Wilder film "The Apartment"; dir. by Robert Moore; choreographed by Michael Bennett and Bob Avian; stars Jerry Orbach as Chuck Baxter, Jill O'Hara as Fran Kubelik, and Edward Winter as J.D. Sheldrake; features the song I'll Never Fall in Love Again, which becomes a hit for Dionne Warwick. Peter Barnes (1931-), The Ruling Class (Nov. 6) (Nottingham Playhouse); black comedy that disses the upper-classes, the Church of England, Parliament and the British Empire, about insane Jack Arnold Alexander Tancred Gurney, 14th Earl of Gurney who believes that he's Jesus Christ, and get cured by electroshock therapy, becoming Jack the Ripper and going on a killing spree while nobody stops him; filmed in 1972 - thank Coca-Cola for it? Alan Bennett (1934-), Forty Years On (Oct. 31) (Apollo Theatre, London); stars John Gielgud (1904-2000), and Paul Eddington. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Ein Fest fur Boris (A Party for Boris). Brigid Brophy (1929-95), The Burglar (Feb. 22) (Vaudeville Theatre, London). Ed Bullins (1935-), The Electronic Nigger. Mart Crowley (1935-), The Boys in the Band (Apr. 18) (Theater Four, New York); "The finest treatment of homosexuality I have ever seen on stage" (Clive Barnes); stars Cliff Gorman. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Grouse Moor Image. Dario Fo (1926-), Archangels Don't Play Pinball (Zagreb); after the Soviet invasion of Czech., he withdraws rights to perform his plays in Czech., causing all Commie countries to ban him, making him more popular? Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Dr. Kheal; Molly's Dream; music by Cosmos Savage; The Red Burning Light, or Mission XQ3; music by John Vauman. Charles Henry Fuller Jr. (1939-), The Village: A Party (McCarter Theatre, Princeton); a community of racially mixed couples maintain their society through murder. Herb Gardner (1934-2003), The Goodbye People (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Dec. 3) (7 perf.); elderly Max Silverman (Milton Berle) tries to reopen his old Coney Island boardwalk hot dog stand; "I was born in Coney Island. Who should I write about: Swedes?" Peter Handke (1942-), Kaspar (May 11) (Frankfurt and Oberhausen); his first hit. Joseph Heller (1923-99), We Bombed in New Haven (Oct. 17). Hal Hester (1929-92), Your Own Thing (musical) (Jan. 18) (New York, Orpheum Theatre); satire based on Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night"; causes the phrase "Your own thing" to become popular. Richard Hill, John Hawkins, and Nevill Coghill, Canterbury Tales (musical) (Mar. 21) (London, Phoenix Theatre); stars Jacques Ottaway as Chaucer. Israel Horovitz (1939-), The Indian Wants the Bronx (1-act play) (Jan. 17) (Astor Place Theatre, New York); street tough Al Pacino torments Indian man John Cazale on a Bronx street. Jean-Claude van Itallie (1936-), The Serpent (Italy); the JFK assassination set in the Garden of Eden; debuts in New York next year, becoming a symbol of the decade? John Kander (1927-), and Fred Ebb (1933-2004), The Happy Time (musical) (Jan. 18) (New York, Broadway Theatre) (286 perf.); based on the 1950 play by Samuel A. Taylor (1912-2000); first Broadway to musical to lose $1M; stars Robert Goulet as 1920s French-Canadian photographer Jacques Bonnard, and David Wayne as his dad Grandpere; Zorba (musical) (Nov. 17) (New York, Imperial Theatre) (305 perf.); based on the 1946 novel "Zorba the Greek" by Nikos Kazantzakis; stars Herschel Bernardi as Zorba, John Cunningham as Nikos, and Maria Karnilova as Hortense. Alex Katz (1927-) and Iannis Xenakis, Private Domain (Oct. 8). Thomas Keneally (1935-), Halloran's Little Boat; Childermas. Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), A Lesson in Dead Language. Thomas Kilroy (1934-), The Death and Resurrection of Mister Roche (debut) (Oct. 7) (Olympia Theatre, Dublin). Arthur Kopit (1937-), Indians (July 4) (Aldwych Theatre, London); disses white genocide of native Americans, juxtaposing the lives of Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill (Barrie Ingham); debuts in New York next year. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), The Late Arrival of Incoming Aircraft (Dublin). Ira Levin (1929-2007), Dr. Cook's Garden; green Greenfield Center, Vt. Peter Luke (1920-), Hadrian VII (Apr. 18) (Mermaid Theatre, London); adaptation of 1904 novel by English gay bud Frederick Rolfe (1860-1913). Terrence McNally (1939-), Sweet Eros (1-act play) (Gramcercy Arts Theater, New York) (Nov. 21); Sally Kirkland (1941-) plays a woman kidnapped, tied to a chair, then striped and raped by a man who wants to tell her his maladjusted life story, becoming the first New York actress to appear nude throughout an entire play other than in "Hair"; Witness (appears simultaneously with Sweet Eros). Arthur Miller (1915-2005), The Price (Feb. 7) (Morosco Theatre, New York); two brothers dispose of the family possessions. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), My Friend Hitler and Other Plays. Howard Moss (1922-87), The Oedipus Mah-Jongg Scandal. Rochelle Owens (1936-), Istanboul (Judson Poet's Theater, New York). Joyce Rayburn, The Man Most Likely To... (July 4) (Vaudeville Theatre, London). Howard Sackler (1929-1982), The Great White Hope (Oct. 3) (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Pulitzer Prize); stars James Earl Jones and Jane Alexander. Neil Simon (1927-2018), Plaza Suite (comedy) (Feb. 14) (Plyouth Theatre, New York) (1,097 perf.); three 1-act plays centered on Suite 719 of New York's Plaza Hotel, incl. "Visitor from Mamarneck" (about Sam and Karen Nash), "Visitor from Hollywood" (about Jesse Kiplinger and Muriel Tate), "Visitor from Forest Hills" (about Roy and Norma Hubley and their daughter Mimsey); dir. by Mike Nichols; stars George C. Scott, Maureen Stapleton, and Bob Balaban; filmed in 1971 starring Walter Matthau. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Enter a Free Man (Mar. 28); stars Michael Hordern; The Real Inspector Hound; two critics are watching Agatha Christie's "The Mousetrap"? Samuel A. Taylor (1912-2000), Avanti! (New York) (21 perf.); filmed in 1972 by Billy Wilder. Michel Tremblay (1942-), The Sisters-in-Law (Les Belles-Soeurs) (Theatre of the Green Curtain, Montreal) (Aug. 28). Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), The Double Case History of Doctor Valmy (La Doble Historia del Doctor Valmy). Tennessee Williams (1911-83), The Seven Descents of Myrtle (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Mar. 27) (29 perf.); adapted from his short story "Kingdom of Earth", about white transvestite tubercular neurotic Miss. farmer Lot (Brian Bedford), his new showgirl ho wife Myrtle of the Five Memphis Hot Shots (Estelle Parsons), and his half-black half-brother Chicken (Harry Guardino), whom he tries to steal his mother's farm from. Lanford Wilson (1937-), The Gingham Dog (New York) (5 perf.); the failure of an interracial marriage. Jay Wright (1934-), Balloons: A Comedy in One Act (debut). Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Selected Poems. W.H. Auden (1907-73), Collected Longer Poems; August 1968; the Soviet invasion of Czech; "The Ogre does what ogres can,/ Deeds quite impossible for Man,/ But one prize is beyond his reach:/ The Ogre cannot master Speech." Wendell Berry (1934-), Openings; incl. The Peace of Wild Things; "I come into the peace of wild things/ who do not tax their lives with forethought of grief." Earle Birney (1904-95), Memory No Servant. Paul Blackburn (1926-71), In, On, Or About the Premises. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), Please Plant This Book; eight poems on seed packages. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000), In the Mecca; a tenement mother's search for a lost child, with paeons for Medgar Evers and Malcolm X. Paul Celan (1920-70), Fadensonnen (Fathom Suns). Rene Char (1907-88), Dans la Pluei-Giboyeuse. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Divisions and Other Early Poems; The Finger; 5 Numbers; Numbers. Edward Dorn (1929-99), Edward Dorn (1929-99), The Midwest Is That Space Between the Buffalo Statler and the Lawrence Eldridge, T. Williams; Gunslinger; about a demigod cowboy and his talking horse Claude Levi-Strauss, who travel the Am. Southwest with a saloon madam searching for Howard Hughes, followed by "Book II" in 1969, "The Cycle (Book 2 1/2)" in 1971, "The Winterbook (Book III)" in 1972, "Bean News (Gunslinger's secret book) in 1972, and Book IIII in 1975; "We need help, the Poet reckoned"; "Talismans of perfect writing" (Stephen King). Robert Edward Duncan (1919-88), Bending the Bow; vows not to pub. any more poetry collections for 15 years. Richard Eberhart (1904-2005), Shifts of Being. Mari Evans (1923-), Where Is All the Music? (debut). William Everson (1912-94), The Springing of the Blade; A Canticle to the Water Birds; pub. under alias Brother Antoninus. George Fetherling (1949-), United States of Heaven (debut). Allen Ginsberg (1926-97), Planet News: 1961-1967; his best work of the 1960s, incl. reflections of his grief at the death of buddy Neal Cassady (1926-68). Nikki Giovanni (1943-), Black Feeling, Black Talk (debut); makes her a star; incl. The True Import of Present Dialogue, Black vs. Negro; "Nigger/ Can you kill/ Can you kill/ Can a nigger kill/ Can a nigger kill a honkie?"; Black Judgement; incl. Rosa. Louise Gluck (1943-), Firstborn (debut). Paul Goodman (1911-72), North Percy. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Poems 1965-1968. Ramon Guthrie (1896-1973), Asbestos Phoenix. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Locations; saintly Indians vs. working class oversexed overdrinking Scandinavians in N Mich. Seamus Heaney (1939-), The Island People. Dorothy Hewett (1923-2002), Windmill Country; The Hidden Journey; Late Night Bulletin. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Love Letters from Asia. John Hollander (1929-), Types of Shape. David Ignatow (1914-1997), Earth Hard: Selected Poems; Rescue the Dead; his best work?; incl. "Walk There" and "The Inheritance". Ronald Johnson (1935-98), Valley of the Many-Colored Grasses. Galway Kinnell (1927-2014), Body Rags; "Focuses on our painful attachment to the minimal shreds of mortality". Etheridge Knight (1931-1991), Poems from Prison (debut); Korean War vet doing time for armed robbery since 1960 meets Gwendolyn Brooks in priz and becomes a hot poet. Bill Knott (1940-), The Naomi Poems: Corpse and Beans (debut); pub. under the alias St. Geraud, who supposedly committed suicide two years ago. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Shattered Plinths. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Life At War; anti-war poems. Philip Levine (1928-2015), Not This Pig; "One of the best books of poetry to come out of the sixties" - James McMichael; incl. "Coming Homeward from Toledo", "In a Grove Again", "A New Day", "The Rats", "The Book", "Commanding Elephants", "The Everlasting Sunday", "Blasting from Heaven". Audre Lorde (1934-92), The First Cities (debut). Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Lonesome Cities. Thomas Merton (1915-68), Cables to the Ace. Marianne Moore (1887-1972), The Complete Poems. Elsa Morante (1912-85), The World Saved by Little Children (Il Mondo Salvato dai Ragazzini). Howard Moss (1922-87), Second Nature. Howard Nemerov (1920-91), The Winter Lightning: Selected Poems. John Newlove (1938-2003), Black Night Window. W.S. Merwin (1927-), The Lice. George Oppen (1908-84), Of Being Numerous (Pulitzer Prize); on man's essential isolation; "Whether, as the intensity of seeing increases, one's distance from Them, the people,/ does not also increase/ I know, of course I know, I can enter no other place". Rochelle Owens (1936-), Salt and Core. Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), But Even So. Marge Piercy (1936-), Breaking Camp (debut). Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), Collected Longer Poems. Muriel Rukeyser (1913-80), The Speed of Darkness. Karl Shapiro (1913-2000), White-Haired Lover; Selected Poems. Louis Sissman (1928-76), Dying: An Introduction (debut); 1943 Quiz Kid's battle with Hodgkin's disease since 1965. W.D. Snodgrass (1926-2009), After Experience; incl. "Exorcism", a satire of Pres. Nixon. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), The Perfect Fiction. Gary Snyder (1930-), The Back Country; untamed regions of Earth vs. the unconscious mind. Mark Strand (1934-), Reasons for Moving: Poems. May Swenson (1913-89), More Poems to Solve. James Tate (1943-), The Torches. Judith Viorst (1931-), It's Hard to Be Hip over Thirty and Other Tragedies of Married Life; launches her career as the "age poet". Diane Wakoski (1937-), Greed; the "All or nothing syndrome in female romantic fantasies" (Alicia Ostriker). Alice Walker (1944-), Once (debut). Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Incarnations: Poems, 1966-1968; James Arlington Wright (1927-80), Shall We Gather at the River. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), Catullus Fragmenta (with music by Paul Zukofsky). Novels: According to British pundit Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), this year "the novel has sunk without trace into a slough of sex and slush". Catherine Aird (1930-), Henrietta Who. Margery Allingham (1904-66), A Cargo of Eagles (posth.); last Albert Campion novel. Kingsley Amis (1922-95), I Want It Now. Hubert Aquin (1929-77), Blackout (Trou de Memoire). Ayi Kwei Armah (1939-), The Beautiful Ones Are Not Yet Born; the last days of the regime of Ghanaian pres. Kwame Nkrumah. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), A World of Profit. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), Another Part of the Wood. James Baldwin (1924-87), Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone; a bisexual black actor with a weakness for white women and black men gets a heart attack. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Why I Want to Fuck Ronald Reagan; satire of the new phenomenon of media politicians. John Barth (1930-), Lost in the Funhouse: Fiction for Print, Tape, Live Voice (short stories). Donald Barthelme (1931-), Unspeakable Practices, Unnatural Acts (short stories); incl. "The Indian Uprising" (Comanches conquer a modern city), "The President" (a 4-ft. tall U.S. pres.). Roland Barthes (1915-80), The Death of the Author; cross-dressing castrato Sarrisine Balzac; treating a work as having an ultimate meaning is a bourgeois trap? Giorgio Bassani (1916-2000), L'Airone (The Heron). H.E. Bates (1905-74), The Four Beauties; The White Admiral; The Wild Cherry Tree. Peter Soyer Beagle (1939-), The Last Unicorn. Simone de Beauvoir (1908-86), La Femme Rompue (The Woman Destroyed). S.N. Behrman (1893-1973), The Burning Glass. Saul Bellow (1915-2005), Mosby's Memoirs and Other Stories; a diplomat reflects on his career. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), Welcome to Xanadu; 16-y.-o. Doris Mae Winter is kidnapped by psycho Leonard and held in a cabin in the mountains, coming to like him. Phyllis Eleanor Bentley (1894-1977), Gold Pieces (last novel); about the Cragg Coiners, who clip the edges of gold coins. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Les Voyageurs Sacres. Robert Bloch (1917-94), Ladies Day/ This Crowded Earth; The Star Stalker; Dragons and Nightmares (short stories). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), La Rose Rose. Elizabeth Bowen (1899-1973), Eva Trout: Or Changing Scenes (last novel). Richard Bradford (1932-2002), Red Sky at Morning; coming of age during WWII. John Braine (1922-86), The Crying Game; a conservative journalist learns of a political scandal; no connection with the 1992 film. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), In Watermelon Sugar. John Brunner (1934-95), Stand on Zanzibar; about the year 2010, which is predicted with eerie accuracy, incl. an EU, China as the #1 rival of the U.S., Africa a basket case, widespread terrorism and school shootings, Israel under siege, Detroit in ruins after the auto industry collapses, marijuana is decriminalized and tobacco sales are falliing, the institution of marriage is crumbling and people use drugs to enhance sexual performance; the pres. of the U.S. is named Obomi; the entire world's pop. of 7B could fit onto Zanzibar rather than the Isle of Wight, describing it as way too crowded compared to what it came out, which doesn't stop it from being a hit. Frederick Buechner (1926-), The Hungerig Dark. Anthony Burgess (1917-93), Enderby; #2 in the Enderby series. W.R. Burnett (1899-1982), The Cool Man. Martin Caidin (1927-97), The God Machine; cybernetic technician Steve Rand discovers that top-secret Project 79 has created an AI that's trying to take over the world. John Dickson Carr (1906-77), Dark of the Moon; Dr. Gideon Fell; Papa La-Bas; Sen. Judah P. Benjamin and Richard Macrae witness a devilish murder in 1858 New Orleans; "He had been conscious of disquiet for many days before anything actually happened. Then, at dusk on the evening of Wednesday, April fourteenth, a New Orleans drowned in mud-flats beside the Father of Waters..." John le Carre (1931-2020), The Looking Glass War; a Polish defector is sent behind the Iron Curtain to photograph a rocket in East Berlin. Angela Carter (1940-92), Several Perceptions. Fred Chappell (1936-), Dagon (first novel); transforms the Cthulhu story into a Southern Gothic about Peter Leland; awarded best foreign book by the French Academy. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), By the Pricking of My Thumbs (Nov.); Tommy and Tuppence Beresford #4 (#1 in 1922); "By the pricking of my thumbs,/ Something wicked this way comes". Mary Higgins Clark (1927-), Aspire to the Heavens (first novel). Bernard Clavel (1923-), Les Fruits de l'Hiver (The Fruits of Winter). Jackie Collins (1937-2015), The World is Full of Married Men (first novel); "Nasty, filthy and disgusting" (Barbara Cartland); it is banned in Australia and South Africa, making it more popular and launching her all-bestseller career? Larry Collins (1929-2005) and Dominique Lapierre (1931-), Or I'll Dress You in Mourning (Ou tu Porteras Mon Deuil). George E. Condon, Laughter from the Rafters. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Round Tower. Robert Coover (1932-), The Universal Baseball Association, Inc., J. Henry Waugh, Prop.; an accountant's fantasy baseball league gets real. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), Now and At the Hour (first novel). Julio Cortazar (1914-84), 62: A Model Kit. James Gould Cozzens (1903-78), Morning, Noon, and Night (last novel); first person novel about an upper-class man who tries to come to terms with life; too bad, the theme of societal stability doesn't jive with the times, and he is kaput as a novelist. Harry Crews (1935-), The Gospel Singer (first novel). Michael Crichton (1942-2008), A Case of Need (first novel); pub. under alias Jeffrey Hudson. Frank Marshall Davis (1905-87), Sex Rebel: Black; a semi-autobio. novel pub. under the alias Bob Greene, describing him and his wife having sex with a 13-y.-o. girl (Barack Obama's mother?). Len Deighton (1929-), Only When I Larf. Meindert Dejong (1906-91), Journey from Peppermint Street. Samuel R. Delany (1942-), Nova; a cyborg society uses Tarot cards to make major decisions? R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), The Green Gauntlet; sequel to "A Horseman Riding By" (1966). Thom Demijohn AKA Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008) and John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), Black Alice; Blonde Alice is kidnapped in Baltimore and reappears in Norfolk as Black Alice, niece of Bessie McKay. Philip K. Dick (1928-82), Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?; a Blade Runner tries to buy a real sheep in a world without animals to prove he's not an android?; filmed in 1982 as "Blade Runner". Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Camp Concentration. R.B. Dominic, Murder Sunny Side Up; first in the Benton Safford series. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), The Beastly Beatitudes of Balthazar B.; a French nobleman with Irish ancestry. Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Vezelay, Colline Eternelle. Allen Drury (1918-98), Preserve and Protect. Marguerite Duras (1914-96), L'Amante Anglaise. Lawrence Durrell (1912-90), Tunc; pt. 1 of "The Revolt of Aphrodite" (1968-70). Allan W. Eckert (1931-), The Crossbreed; Blue Jacket: War Chief of the Shawnees; The Dreaming Tree; Wilderness Empire: A Narrative. Gunter Eich (1907-72), Maulwurfe (Maulwürfe). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), In Dionysus' Court. George P. Elliott (1918-80), An Hour of Last Things and Other Stories (short stories). Harlan Ellison (1934-), Love Ain't Nothing But Sex Misspelled (short stories). Per Olov Enquist (1934-), The Legionnaires: A Documentary Novel (Legionarema: En Roman om Baltutlamningen). Frederick Exley (1929-1992), A Fan's Notes (first novel); a man lives vicariously through his love for the New York Giants and their star player Frank Gifford; rejected by 14 publishers, then wins the Faulkner Award for best novel of 1968. James T. Farrell (1904-79), A Brand New Life. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Nude Croquet: The Stories; sexual problems of middle age. Charles G. Finney (1905-84), The Magician Out of Manchuria. Margaret Forster (1938-), The Park. Janet Frame (1924-2004), The Rainbirds (Yellow Flowers in the Antipodean Room). Pamela Frankau (1908-67), Colonel Blessington (posth.); ed. Diana Raymond. Michael Frayn (1933-), A Very Private Life. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), This is the Castle. Romain Gary (1914-80), Le Tete Coupable (The Guilty Head). Curt Gentry (1931-2014), The Last Days of the Late, Great State of California; a 9.0 earthquake causes it to sink into the Pacific Ocean. William Howard Gass (1924-), In the Heart of the Heart of the Country (short stories); Willie Masters' Lonesome Wife. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Adam and His Works: Collected Stories. Simon Gray (1936-2008), A Comeback for Stark; pub. under the alias Hamish Reade. Davis Grubb (1919-80), The Golden Sickle. Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018), A Wizard of Earthsea; goatherd Ged rises to become a great wizard; #1 in her popular Earthsea fantasy series (ends 1990). Arthur Hailey (1920-2004), Airport; bestseller. L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), Poor Clare. Sir Alan Patrick Herbert (1890-1971), The Singing Swan: A Yachtsman's Yarn. Barry Hines (1939-2016), A Kestrel for a Knave; young Billy Casper raises a kestrel and comes to grief; filmed in 1969. Richard Hooker (H. Richard Hornberger) (1924-97), MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors; the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital Unit 4077 in Uijeongbu, South Korea during the Korean War; rejected by 21 pubs. before William Morrow in New York City takes a chance on it; filmed in 1970; becomes a CBS-TV series in 1972-83. William Humphrey (1924-97), A Time and a Place (short stories). John Irving (1942-), Setting Free the Bears (first novel); two univ. students liberate the Vienna Zoo. Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), The Survival of the Fittest. Ismail Kadare (1936-), The Wedding. Marjorie Kellogg (1922-2005), Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon (first novel); disabled Junie Moon, Warren, and Arthur leave the hospital and set up housekeeping together; filmed in 1970 starring Liza Minelli. Thomas Keneally (1935-), Three Cheers for the Paraclete; a doubting priest. Jack Kerouac (1922-69), The Vanity of Duluoz; his alter ego comes of age in the 1930s-40s. Fletcher Knebel (1911-93), Vanished; a top U.S. pres. aide vanishes during a reelection campaign. John Knowles (1926-2001), Phineas (short stories). Dean Koontz (1945-), Star Quest (first novel). Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), Steps; sequel to "The Painted Bird" (1965); the unnamed boy becomes an adult unable to conform to accepted social norms. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), The Passions of Uxport. Milan Kundera (1929-), Laughable Loves (short stories). Emma Lathen, A Stitch in Time; John Putnam Thatcher #7; Come to Dust; John Putnam Thatcher #8. Halldor Kiljan Laxness (1902-98), Under the Glacier/ Christianity at the Glacier. Meyer Levin (1905-81), Gore and Igor; beatnik poets from New York City and Moscow. Malcolm Lowry (1909-57), Dark as the Grave Wherein My Friend Is Laid (unfinished) (posth.). Helen MacInnes (1907-85), The Salzburg Connection. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Force 10 from Navarone. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Roads to Liberty. Anne McCaffrey (1926-), Dragonflight; first of the Dragonriders of Pern series. Cormac McCarthy (1933-), Outer Dark. Thomas McGuane (1939-), The Sporting Club (first novel); an elite Mich. outdoor club. James Alan McPherson (1943-), Hue and Cry (short stories) (debut); working class chars. "mostly desperate, mostly black, and mostly lost figures in the urban nightmare of violence, rage, and bewilderment that is currently America"; he will never be "an embarrassment to such people of excellence as Willie Mays, Duke Ellington, Leontyne Price - or, for that matter, Stephen Crane or F. Scott Fitzgerald" (Ralph Ellison). Shepherd Mead (1914-94), How to Succeed at Business Spying by Trying: A Novel About Industrial Espionage. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), The Golden Evening. Merle Miller (1919-86), The Warm Feeling. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), The Sea of Fertility (4 vols.) (1968-70); incl. "Spring Snow" (1968), "Runaway Horses" (1969), "The Temple of Dawn" (1970), "The Decay of the Angel" (1970). William Ormond Mitchell (1914-98), Jake and the Kid (short stories). Patrick Modiano (1945-), The Place of the Stars (La Place de l'Étoile) (first novel); about French Jew Raphael Schlemilovitch; title is a play on words referring to the yellow Star of David that Jews were forced to wear by the Nazis, as well as the square around the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. N. Scott Momaday (1934-), House Made of Dawn (first novel) (Pulitzer Prize); a young Native Am. unable to live in white or Indian society, making him the symbol for a new gen. of Native Am. writers incl. Louise Erdrich (1954-), Leslie Marmon Silko (1948-), and James Welch (1940-2003), who launch the Native Am. Renaissance. Henri de Montherlant (1896-1972), La Rose de Sables. Brian Moore (1921-99), I Am Mary Dunne. Paul Morand (1888-1976), Monplaisir. Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Impossible Object; filmed in 1973 by John Frankenheimer as "Story of a Love Story". Patricia Moyes (1923-), Death and the Dutch Uncle. Alice Munro (1931-), Dance of the Happy Shades and Other Stories (short stories). Iris Murdoch (1919-99), The Nice and the Good. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Nabokov's Congeries (short stories). Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), Something to Answer For; how widow Eli Khoury and 31-y.-o. Townrow cause Nasser to take over the Suez Canal; winner of the first Booker Prize. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Expensive People; affluent suburbia. John O'Hara (1905-70), And Other Stories (short stories). Theodore V. Olsen (1932-93), The Stalking Moon. Amos Oz (1939-2018), My Michael; Hannah Gonen and her mad hallucinations; "I am writing this because people I loved have died. I am writing this because when I was young I was full of the power of loving, and now that power of loving is dying. I don't want to die." (first line) Aldo Palazzeschi (1885-1974), Cuor Mio. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Grass-Widow's Tale; George Felse. Roger Peyrefitte (1907-2000), Les Americains (Américains). Robert Pinget (1919-97), Le Libera. Charles Portis (1933-), True Grit; 14-y.-o. Mattie Ross searches for a man with you know what to find her daddy's killer in the Old West; filmed in 1969 starring John Wayne. Anthony Powell (1905-2000), The Military Philosophers; vol. 9 of "A Dance to the Music of Time". Reynolds Price (1933-), Love and Work; teacher copes with death of mother. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), A Cab at the Door (short stories). Manuel Puig (1932-90), Betrayed by Rita Hayworth (La Traicion de Rita Hayworth) (first novel). Jean Rhys (1890-1979), Tigers Are Better Looking (short stories). Mordecai Richler (1931-2001), Cocksure; satire of the entertainment industry. Robert Henry Rimmer (1917-2001), Proposition 31; two middle-class couples fight to legalize group marriage in Calif. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), Picnic on Paradise (first novel); female sci-fi hero Alyx. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), La Garde du Coeur (The Heart-Keeper). William Sansom (1912-76), Christmas. Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Entre la Vie et la Mort. Paul Mark Scott (1920-78), The Day of the Scorpion; #2 in the Raj Quartet. Allan Seager (1906-68), The Glass House: The Life of Theodore Roethke. Michael Shaara (1928-88), The Broken Place (first novel). Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), A Sillitoe Selection: Eight Short Stories. Ignazio Silone (1900-78), The Story of a Humble Christian; Pope Celestine V (1215-96), who abdicated in 1294 after 5 mo. to lead a simple pure life but let the degenerate power-grabbing Pope Boniface VIII (1235-1303) (patron of the painter Giotto di Bondone) take his place, who promptly imprisoned and starved him to death. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), The Goblin Reservation; a traveller teleports home and learns that he was murdered a week earlier. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), The Seance and Other Stories (short stories). John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), The Reproductive System (Mechasm) (first novel); machines that clone themselves. Lee Smith (1944-), The Day the Dog Bushes Bloomed (first novel); 9-y.-o. Susan Toby's summer; the next Carson McCullers? C.P. Snow (1905-80), The Sleep of Reason; Strangers and Brothers #10. Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), In the First Circle; a sharashka (R&D bureau made up of gulag inmates) in the Moscow suburbs; based on Dante's concentric circles of Hell; Cancer Ward; about cancerous POW Oleg Kostoglotov, who finds love with nurse Zoya in Ward 13 of a hospital in Soviet Kazakhstan in 1955 that discharges patients before they die to save rubles - the original Obamacare? Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Public Image; actress Annabel Christopher. Elizabeth Spencer (1921-), Ship Island and Other Stories. Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004), Up (first novel); a working class zero grows up in Brooklyn. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), The Bright Lights. Elizabeth Taylor (1912-75), The Wedding Group. Paul Theroux (1941-), Fong and the Indians (first novel); an innocent Chinese storekeeper in East Africa who believes that "man is good" despite all. Roderick Thorp (1936-99), The Detective. Philip Toynbee (1916-81), Views from a Lake: The Seventh Day of the Valediction of Pantaloon. John Updike (1932-2009), Couples; marital infidelity in Tarbox, Mass.; "best-written dirty book since 'The Decameron'". Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Myra Breckinridge; the campy escapades of a transsexual in Hollywood who loves actor James Craig (1912-85); filmed in 1970 - worst-written dirty book since the Decameron? Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Welcome to the Monkey House (short stories); rev. of "Canary in a Cathouse" (1962); incl. Harrison Bergeron (first pub. in 1961), about the 211th-213th amendments to the U.S. Constitution which punish excellence via handicapping. Peter De Vries (1910-93), Cat's Pajamas/ Witch's Milk. Per Wahloo (1926-75), Steep Spring; a plague in Sweden. Per Wahloo (1926-75) and Maj Sjowall (1935-), The Laughing Policeman; Martin Beck #4; first novel to criticize the Swedish welfare state; wins the 1971 Edgar Award. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The White Witch of the South Seas. Arthur Wise (1923-82), The Day the Queen Flew to Scotland for the Grouse Shooting: A Document; the disunion of the U.K.; "I seriously believe that unless the North gets more decentralised government and wider consultation, then there will be violence." A.B. Yehoshua (1937-), Over Against the Woods (Muol Ha-Ye'arot) (short stories). Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), Judas, My Brother. Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87), The Abyss (L'Oeuvre au Noir); 16th cent. gay alchemist Zeno (1510-). Sol Yurick (1925-2013), The Bag. Births: Russian billionaire industrialist Oleg Vladimirovich Deripaska on Jan. 2 in Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novogorod. Am. "Show Me the Money Rod Tidwell in Jerry Maguire" actor (black) Cuba Gooding Jr. on Jan. 2 in Bronx, N.Y.; son of R&B singer Cuba Gooding (1944-). Am. actress Shannon Sturges on Jan. 3 in Hollywood, Calif.; granddaughter of Preston Sturges (1898-1959). Am. "Dancing With the Stars", "Fook Yu in Goldmember" actress-dancer-singer-choreographer Carrie Ann Inaba on Jan. 5 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Am. "Boyz n the Hood", "Rosewood" dir.-producer (black) John Daniel Singleton (d. 2019) on Jan. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at USC. Am. "Alyssa Jones in Chasing Amy" actress Joey Lauren Adams on Jan. 9 in North Little Rock, Ark. Am. rock guitarist Al Schnier (moe) on Jan. 9 in Utica, N.Y. Am. musician-producer Thomas Martin "Tom" Dumont (No Doubt) on Jan. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. English 5'8-1/2" celeb (vegetarian) (Lady McCartney) Heather Anne Mills on Jan. 12 in Aldershot, Hampshire; loses her lower left leg after a police motorcycle hits her near Kensington Palace in Aug. 1993; wife (2002-8) of Paul McCartney (1942-); mother of Beatrice Milly McCartney (2003-). Am. auto racer Robby Unser on Jan. 12 in Albuquerque, N.M.; son of Bobby Unser (1934-); cousin of Al Unser Jr. (1962-). Canadian soccer goalie Pat Onstad on Jan. 13 in Vancouver, B.C. Am. "Hey Lover", "Mama Said Knock You Out" rapper-actor (black) LL Cool J (James Todd Smith III) (Ladies Love Cool James) on Jan. 14 in Bay Shore, N.Y.; raised in St. Albans, Queens, N.Y. Am. "Reed Pollock in 24" actor Charles "Chad" Lowe on Jan. 15 in Dayton, Ohio; brother of Rob Lowe (1964-). Am. "Cody Madison in Baywatch" actor David Chokachi (Al-Chokhachi) on Jan. 16 in Plymouth, Mass.; of Finnish and Turkish descent. Am. ABC News political journalist Jonathan David Karl on Jan. 19 in ?; grows up in S.D.; educated at Vassar College. Am. Legion of Doom computer hacker Patrick Karel Kroupa (Lord Digital) on Jan. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Czech parents. Am. TV personality (Jewish) Melissa Rivers (Rosenburg) on Jan. 20 in Manhattan, N.Y.; daughter of Joan Rivers (1933-) and Edgar Rosenburg (1925-87); educated at the U. of Penn. Am. "Connie McDowell in NYPD Blue" actress Charlotte Ross on Jan. 21 in Winnetka, Ill. Am. "Guy's Big Bite" chef Guy Fieri (Guy Ramsay Ferry) on Jan. 22 in Columbus, Ohio; Italian immigrant paternal grandfather named Fieri; grows up in Ferndale, Calif.; educated at UNLV. Am. theoretical physicist (Anthony) Garrett Lisi on Jan. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif.; grows up in San Diego, Calif.; educated at UCLA, and UCSD. Am. Olympic gold medal gymnast Mary Lou Retton (Rotunda) on Jan. 24 in Fairmount, W. Va. Am. "Sticks and Stones" country singer Tracy Lawrence on Jan. 27 in Atlanta, Tex.; grows up in Foreman, Ark. English "Right Arm in The Fifth Element" actor-musician-producer (black) Tricky (Adrian Nicholas Matthews Thaws) on Jan. 27 in Knowle West, Bristol; Jamaican father, Anglo-Guyanese mother. Am. bowler Wendy Macpherson on Jan. 28 in Walnut Creek, Calif. Canadian "World on Fire" singer Sarah McLachlan on Jan. 28 in Halifax, N.S. Am. rapper (black) Rakim Allah (William Michael Griffin Jr.) on Jan. 28 in Wyandanch, Long Island, N.Y.; nephew of Ruth Brown (1928-2006). Am. "Saving Private Ryan", "The Brothers McMullen" actor-dir.-writer-producer Edward "Ed" Burns Jr. on Jan. 29 in Woodside, Queens, N.Y. Korean actress Sora Jung (Kim Sora) on Jan. 29 in Seoul. Spanish king (2014-) Felipe VI on Jan. 30 in Madrid; only son of Juan Carlos I (1938-) and Queen Sofia. Am. singer (Scientologist) Lisa Marie Presley (d. 2023) on Feb. 1 in Memphis, Tenn.; only child of Elvis Presley (1935-77) and Priscilla Presley (1945-); wife (1988-94) of Danny Keough (1964-), (1994-6) Michael Jackson (1958-2009), (2002-4) Nicolas Cage, (2006-), and (2006-) Michael Lockwood (1961-); mother of Riley Keough (1989-). Canadian hockey right wing Mark Louis "the Recchin' Ball" Recchi on Feb. 1 in Kamloops, B.C. Am. "Stoney Brown in Encino Man" actor-comic Pauly Shore on Feb. 1 in Hollywood, Calif.; mother Mitzy runs the Comedy Store. Am. 6'8" basketball player (black) (San Antonio Spurs #32, 1989-2001) Sean Michael Elliott on Feb. 2 in Tucson, Ariz.; educated at the U. of Ariz. Puerto Rican baseball 2B player Roberto Alomar Velazquez on Feb. 5 in Ponce. Am. rock singer Chris Barron (Spin Doctor) on Feb. 5 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Am. heavy metal singer-songwriter Salvatore Paul "Sully" Erna (Godsmack) on Feb. 7 in Lawrence, Mass. Am. 4'8" "Arnold in Diff'rent Strokes" actor (black) Gary Wayne Coleman (d. 2010) on Feb. 8 in Zion, Ill.; "What you talkin' bout Willis?" Indonesian TV journalist Atika Suri on Feb. 10 in Lirik, Riau. Australian "Angie Russell in Home and Away" actress Laurie Foell on Feb. 10 in Argentina. Am. singer-actress Gilliam Chynna Phillips (Wilson Phillips) on Feb. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of John Phillips (1935-2001) and Michelle Phillips (1944-); wife (1995-) of William Baldwin (1963-). Am. "Wild Bill Hickock in The Young Riders", "Llewelyn Moss in No Country for Old Men" actor Josh James Brolin on Feb. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of James Brolin (1940-) and Jane Cameron Agee (-1995); husband (2004-) of Diane Lane (1965-); named after Steve McQueen's char. Josh Randall in "Wanted: Dead or Alive" (1958). Am. actress-model Kelly Hu on Feb. 13 in Honolulu, Hawaii; Miss Teen USA 1985. Am. model-TV personality Jules Asner (Julie Ann White) on Feb. 14 in Tempe, Ariz. Am. wrestler (black) Nelson Aston "Viscera" Frazier Jr. on Feb. 14 in Memphis, Tenn. Am. White House press secy. (2003-6) Scott McClellan on Feb. 14 in Austin, Tex. Am. 6' basketball player (white) (Cleveland Cavaliers) (1986-95) William Mark Price on Feb. 15 in Bartlesville, Okla. Am. "Pretty in Pink" Brat Pack actress Molly Kathleen Ringwald on Feb. 18 in Roseville, Calif. English "Female of the Species" musician-songwriter Thomas "Tommy" Scott (Space) on Feb. 18 in Liverpool. Am. punk rock musician Bradley James "Brad" Nowell (d. 1996) (Sublime) on Feb. 22 in Long Beach, Calif. Am. "Seven of Nine in Star Trek: Voyager", "Veronica Ronnie Cooke in Boston Public", "Dr. Kate Murphy in Body of Proof" actress Jeri Lynn Ryan (nee Zimmermann on Feb. 22 in Munich, Germany; grows up in Paducah, Ky.; educated at Northwestern U. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) (New Jersey Nets #55, 1992-9) Jayson Williams on Feb. 22 in Ritter, S.C.; educated at St. John's U. Am. "Skippy in Family Ties" actor Marc Price on Feb. 23. English billiards player ("the Duchess of Doom") Allison Fisher on Feb. 24. French "Quadrille" actress Sandrine Kiberlain on Feb. 24 in Boulogne-Billancourt. Am. rock bassist Timothy Robert "Tim" "Timmy" Commerford (Rage Against the Machine) on Feb. 26 in Irvine, Calif. Canadian baseball player (Oakland Athletics, 1996-2000) (Toronto Blue Jays, 2007-8) (San Diego Padres #47, 2010) Matthew Wade "Matt" Stairs on Feb. 27 in St. John, N.B.; grows up in Fredericton. Indian weightlifter (female) Nameirakpam Kunjarani Devi on Mar. 1. English "James Bond 007 #6" actor Daniel Wroughton Craig on Mar. 2 in Chester, Cheshire; German-born mother. English physicist Brian Edward Cox on Mar. 3 in Chadderton, Lancashire; educated at the U. of Manchester. Am. 6'0" hockey hall-of-fame player Brian Joseph Leetch on Mar. 3 in Corpus Christi, Tex.; grows up in Cheshire, Conn.; educated at Boston College. English "Twenty-One" actress-singer Patricia Jude Frances "Patsy" Kensit (Eighth Wonder) on Mar. 4 in Hounslow, Middlesex. Venezuelan baseball player Giovanni Carrara on Mar. 4 in Anzoategui State. English theoretical physicist (black) Clifford Victor Johnson on Mar. 5 in London; educated at Imperial College London, and U. of Southampton. Am. "Mandy Hampton in The West Wing" actress Moira Kelly on Mar. 6 in Queens, N.Y. Am. "Lullaby" folk rock singer Shawn Mullins (The Thorns) on Mar. 8 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. "Stay (I Missed You)" singer-songwriter Lisa Anne Loeb on Mar. 11 in Bethesda, Md. Am. "Chad in In the Company of Men", "Harvey Dent/Two-Face in The Dark Knight" actor (ex-Mormon) Aaron Edward Eckhart on Mar. 12 in Cupertino, Calif.; educated at BYU. Canadian "Anne Shirley in Anne of Green Gables" actress Megan Elizabeth Laura Diana Follows on Mar. 14 in Toronto, Ont. Japanese "One Thousand 20th Century Chairs" Shibuya-style (whispering) singer Kahimi Karie (Mari Hiki) on Mar. 15 in Utsunomiya, Tochigi. Am. "Fly" rocker-actor Mark Sayers McGrath (Sugar Ray) on Mar. 15 in Hartford, Conn. Am. FBI deputy dir. (2016-18) Andrew George McCabe on Mar. 18 in Hartford, Conn.; educated at Duke U., and Washington U. in St. Louis. Japanese "Pokemon" seiyu (voice actor) Shinichiro Miki on Mar. 18 in Tokyo. Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (Golden State Warriors #32, 1990-3) (Cleveland Cavaliers #32, 1993-97) (Milwaukee Bucks #42, 1997-9) (Philadelphia 76ers #40, 1999-2001) (Miami Heat #32, 2003) Tyrone Hill on Mar. 19 in Cincinnati, Ohio; educated at Xavier U. Am. "The Know-It-All" journalist-writer (Jewish) Arnold Stephen "A.J." Jacobs Jr. on Mar. 20 in New York City; educated at Brown U. Am. trapeze artist Angel Wallenda (Elizabeth Pintye) (d. 1996) on Mar. 20. Anglo-Am. "Dil in The Crying Game", "Ra in Stargate" actor (black) (gay) Jaye Davidson (Alfred Amey) on Mar. 21 in Riverside, Calif.; Ghanaian father, English mother; emigrates to England at age 2. Am. "Aeon Flux", "Jennifer's Body" dir.-writer Karyn Kusama on Mar. 21 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Norwegian Satanist musician Euronymous (Oystein Aarseth) (d. 1993) (Mayhem) on Mar. 22 in Egersund. English rocker Damon Albarn (Blur, Gorillaz) on Mar. 23 in Leytonstone, London. English cricketer Michael Andrew Atherton on Mar. 23 in Failsworth, Lancashire. Am. "The Grand", "X2", "Incident at Loch Ness" film dir.-writer (Jewish) Zak Penn on Mar. 23 in ?; educated at Wesleyan U. Am. "You Had Me From Hello" country singer-songwriter Kenneth Arnold "Kenny" Chesney on Mar. 26 in Knoxville, Tenn.; husband (2005) of Rene Zellweger (1969-). Am. "Tideland" novelist Mitch Cullin on Mar. 23 in Santa Fe, N.M.; Scotch-Irish and Cherokee descent. Am. musician James Yoshinobu Iha (Smashing Pumpkins) on Mar. 26 in Chicago, Ill. Am. "The Rape of Nanking" writer Iris Shun-Ru Chang (d. 2004) on Mar. 28 in Princeton, N.J.; Taiwan immigrant parents. Am. country singer Kenneth Arnold "Kenny" Chesney on Mar. 26 in Knoxville, Tenn. English cricketer Nasser Hussain on Mar. 28 in Madras, India; Indian father, English mother. Am. 5'4" "Night of the Templar" actor (lefty) Max Perlich on Mar. 28 in Cleveland, Ohio. Kiwi "Xena: Warrior Princess" actress Lucille Frances "Lucy" Lawless (nee Ryan) on Mar. 29 in Mount Albert, Auckland. Canadian "My Heart Will Go On" singer Celine (Céline) Marie Claudette Dion on Mar. 30 in Charlemagne, Quebec; wife (1994-) of Rene Angelil. Am. country singer-songwriter Woody Lee on Apr. 1 in Garland, Tex. German "Cannibal 2000" film dir. Andreas Schnaas on Apr. 1 in Hamburger, er, Hamburg. Canadian-Am. "Slave to the Grind"singer Sebastian Bach (Sebastian Philip Bierk) (Skid Row) on Apr. 3 in Bahamas; grows up in Peterborough, Ont. Spanish chef Sergi Arola Martinez on Apr. 3 in Barcelona. Canadian heavy metal singer Sebastian Bach (Sebastian Philip Bierk) (Skid Row) on Apr. 3 in Freeport, Bahamas; raised in Peterborough, Ont.; son of painter David Bierk (1944-2002). Am. "Where Have All the Cowboys Gone" singer Paula Cole on Apr. 5 in Rockport, Mass. Am. "Allison DuBois on Medium" actress Patricia T. Arquette on Apr. 8 in Chicago, Ill.; granddaughter of "Charley Weaver" Cliff Arquette (1905-74); Muslim convert father and Jewish mother; descendant of explorer Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809); sister of Rosanna Arquette (1959-). Am. "MADtv" actor-comedian (black) Orlando Jones on Apr. 10 in Mobile, Ala. Am. "Sixteen Candles", "The Breakfast Club" Brat Pack actor-dir.-producer Anthony Michael Thomas Charles Hall on Apr. 14 in West Roxbury, Boston, Mass. English rock musician Edward John "Ed" O'Brien (Radiohead) on Apr. 15 in Oxford. Am. model Stacey Williams on Apr. 15 in Mechanicsburg, Penn. Am. "Dr. Kate McTiernan in Kiss the Girls", "Ensign Lefler in Star Trek: TNG" actress Ashley Judd (Ashley Tyler Ciminella) on Apr. 19 in Granada Hills, Calif.; daughter of Naomi Judd (1946-); sister of Wynonna Judd (1964-); wife (2001-13) of Dario Franchitti (1973-). Am. singer Rebekka Ruth Lazone "Bekka" Bramlett (Fleetwood Mac) on Apr. 19. Swaziland king (1986-) (black) Mswati III (Makhosetive Dlamini) on Apr. 19 in Manzini; son of Sobhuza II (1899-1982) and Ntfombi Tfwala. Am. "The Biggest Loser" TV host J.D. Roth on Apr. 20 in Cherry Hill, N.J. Am. rapper (black) Michael Franti (Spearhead) on Apr. 21 in Oakland, Calif.; African, Am. Indian, Italian and German descent. Kuwaiti Islamic terrorist Ramzi Yousef on Apr. 27 in Kuwait (UAE?); nephew of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (1964-). Am. terrorist bomber Timothy James McVeigh (d. 2001) on Apr. 23 in Lockport, N.Y.; raised in Pendleton, N.Y. Kosovo PM (2008-) (Muslim) Hashim "the Snake" Thaci on Apr. 24 in Srbica. Am. TV chef Rachael Domenica Ray (Scuderi-Ray) on Aug. 25 in Glens Falls, N.Y.; wife (2005-) of John Cusimano. Am. singer Carnie Wilson (Wilson Phillips) on Apr. 29 in Bel Air, Calif.; daughter of Brian Wilson (1942-) and 1st wife Marilyn Rovell. Am. rock bassist D'arcy Elizabeth Wretzky (Wretzky-Brown) (The Smashing Pumpkins) on May 1 in South Haven, Mich. Am. teenie porno queen and actress Traci Elizabeth Lords (Nora Louise Kuzma) on May 7 in Steubenville, Ohio - kuzma what? Am. country musician Del Gray (Little Texas) on May 8 in Hamilton, Ohio. Am. "The Brat", "Night Rhythms" porn actress Jamie Summers (Denise Stafford) on May 8. German "Stefan Leitner in Forsthaus Falkenau" actor Hardy Kruger (Krüger) Jr. on May 9 in Lugano, Switzerland; son of Hardy Kruger Sr (1928-). French Olympic sprinter (black) Marie-Jose Perec (Marie-José Pérec) on May 9 in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. U.S. EPA dir. #14 (2017-) Edward Scott Pruitt on May 9 in Danville, Ky.; educated at Georgetown College, and U. of Tulsa. Am. "Henri in I Am Number Four" actor Timothy Olyphant on May 20 in Honolulu, Hawaii; grows up in Modesto, Calif. Am. "Dr. Dave Malucci in ER" actor Erik Palladino on May 10 in Yonkers, N.Y. Am. "Michael Westen in Burn Notice" actor Jeffrey Donovan on May 11 in Amesbury, Mass. Am. skateboard champ Anthony "Tony" Hawk on May 12 in San Diego, Calif.; first to do the "900 trick" (2.5 rotations). Am. "Billie Thornton in Then Came You" actress Susan Floyd on May 13 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Australian PM #30 (2018-) Scott Kpjm Morrison on May 13 in Waverley, Sydney, N.S.W.; educated at the U. of N.S.W. Am. chef John Besh on May 14 in Meridian, Miss. French dressage champ Constance Menard on May 17; daughter of Jacques Menard. Am. rock drummer David James Abbruzzese (Pearl Jam) on May 17 in Stamford, Conn. Am. "American Psycho", "Go Fish" actress-screenwriter (lesbian) Guinevere Turner on May 23 in Boston, Mass. Am. "Bobby Briggs in Twin Peaks" actor Dana Vernon Ashbrook on May 24 in San Diego, Calif. Am. basketball player-boxer (black) Kendall Cedric Gill on May 25 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ill. Am. "Hell House", "A Scanner Darkly" dir.-producer Tommy Pallotta on May 25 in Houston, Tex.; educated at UTA. Danish crown prince Frederik on May 26 in Copenhagen; eldest son of Queen Margrethe II (1940-) and prince consort Count Henrik of Monpezat (1934-); nicknamed "Pingo" in the Frogman Corps, tattooing it on his left bicep. Am. rock drummer Phillip Rhodes (Gin Blossoms) on May 26. Am. baseball 1B player Jeffrey Robert "Jeff" Bagwell on May 27 in Boston, Mass. Am. baseball player (black) (Chyicago White Sox, 1990-2005) ("The Big Hurt") Frank Edward Thomas on May 27 in Columbus, Ga. Australian "Locomotion", "Especially for You", "Two Hearts" actress-singer Kylie Ann Minogue on May 28 in Melbourne, Victoria. French 9/11 conspirator (Muslim) Zacarias Moussaoui on May 30 in St. Jean de Luz. Australian "Especially for You" actor-singer Jason Sean Donovan on June 1 in Malvern, Melbourne. Am. 4'3" Howard Stern Show Wack Pack member (black) Beetlejuice (Lester Napoleon Green) on June 2 in Jersey City, N.J.; known for the The BeetleJuice Song. English comedian Jonathan Peter "Jon" Culshaw on June 2 in Ormskirk, Lancashire. Am. rockabilly musician Deke Dickerson on June 3 (The Untamed Youth, Dave & Deke Combo) in St. Louis, Mo. Australian "There Is No Arizona" country singer Jamie O'Neal (Murphy) on June 3 in Sydney. Brazilian chef Alex Atala on June 3 in Sao Paulo. Am. "Kuby in Breaking Bad" actor-comedian William Frederucj "Bill" Burr on June 10 in Canton, Mass.; of French, German, and Irish descent; educated at Emerson College. Am. rapper (black) The D.O.C. (Tracy Lynn Curry) on June 10 in Dallas, Tex. English singer-songwriter David Gray on June 13 in Sale, Greater Manchester. English singer-songwriter Denise Lisa Maria Pearson (Five Star) on June 13 in Romford, Essex. Am. actress Yasmine Bleeth on June 14 [Gemini] in New York City. Am. "Emmett Honeycutt in Queer as Folk" actor-dir.-writer (gay) Peter Paige on June 20 in West Hartford, Conn. Am. "El Mariachi", "Desperado", "Once Upon a Time in Mexico", "From Dusk Till Dawn", "Sin City" film dir. Robert Anthony Rodriguez on June 20 in San Antonio, Tex. Haitian pres. #43 (2017-21) (black) Jovenel Moise (d. 2021) on July 7 in Trou-du-Nord. Welsh soccer player Iwan Wyn Roberts on June 26 in Bangor, Gwynedd. Am. hall-of-fame football tight end (black) (Denver Broncos #84, 1990-9, 2002-3) Shannon Sharpe on June 26 in Chicago, Ill.; brother of Sterling Sharpe (1965-). U.S. Sen. (R-N.H.) (2011-17) Kelly Ann Ayotte on June 27 in Nashua, N.H.; French-Canadian descent father; educated at Penn. State U., and Villanova U. English "Ian Beale in EastEnders" actor Adam Brinley Woodyatt on June 28 in Walthamstow, East London. Canadian 5'6" hockey player (1988-2006) Theoren Wallace "Theo" Fleury on June 29 in Oxbow, Sask. Am. musician Philip Hansen "Phil" Anselmo (AKA Anton Crowley) (Pantera, Down) on June 30 in New Orleans, La. Spanish "Diego Delgado in Blow" actor-dir.-writer-artist (the Tom Cruise of Spain") Mordi Molla i Perales (Mollà i Perales) on July 1 in Barcelona. Japanese "Love Hina" mangaka Ken Akamatsu on July 5 in Higashikurume, Tokyo. French fashion designer-photographer Hedi Slimane on July 5 in Paris; Tunisian father, Italian mother. Am. "Griffin in Men in Black 3" actor (Jewish) Michael Stuhlbarg on July 5 in Long Beach, Calif.; educated at Juilliard School. Am. "Sara Sidle in CSI" actress (vegetarian) Jorja-An "Jorja" Fox on July 7 in New York City; Canadian-born parents. Am. "City of Saints and Madmen" novelist Jeffrey Scott "Jeff" VanderMeer on July 7 in Bellefonte, Penn. Japanese seiyu (voice actor) Akio Suyama on July 8 in Toyonaka, Osaka. Am. "Logan Cale in Dark Angel" actor Michael Manning Weatherly Jr. on July 8 in New York City. Am. "Russell Hammond in Almost Famous", "Sleepers" actor William "Billy" Crudup on July 8 in Manhasset, N.Y. Algerian Olympic athlete Hassiba Boulmerka on July 10 in Constantine. Am. "Willie Oleson in Little House on the Prairie" actor Jonathan J. Gilbert on July 10; half-brother of Melissa Gilbert (1964-) and Sara Gilbert (1975-). Burmese anti-Muslim Buddhist monk Ashin Wirathu on July 10 in Kyaukse. Am. "Deuce Bigalow" actor-comedian (black) Eddie Griffin Jr. on July 15 in Kansas City, Mo. Am. "Richie Ryan in Highlander" actor Stanley Benjamin "Stan" Kirsch on July 15 in New York City. Indian field hockey player Dhanraj Pillay on July 16 in Khadki, Maharashtra. Am. information engineer (Wikipedia co-founder) Lawrence Mark "Larry" Sanger on July 16 in Bellevue, Wash. Am. football running back (black) Barry David Sanders on July 16 in Wichita, Kan. Am. "Crying Evelyn in A League of Their Own", "Sharona Fleming in Monk" actress (Jewish) Elizabeth Natalie "Bitty" Schram on July 17 in Mountainside, N.J. Am. "Opie and Anthony Show" comedian Jim Norton on July 19 in Bayonne, N.J. Am. "Jack Snyder in As the World Turns" actor Michael Frank Park on July 20 in Canandaigua, N.y>; educated at Nazareth College. Am. 5'7" "It's Not About the Bra" soccer player Brandi Denise Chastain on July 21 in San Jose, Calif. Welsh actor Rhys Ifans (Evans) on July 22 in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire. Am. 6'4" hall-of-fame basketball guard (black) (Seattle SuperSonics #20, 1990-2003) Gary Dwayne "the Glove" Payton on July 23 in Oakland, Calif.; educated at Oregon State U. Am. "Ms. Noodle in Sesame Street", "Annabeth Schott in West Wing", "Olive Snook in Pushing Daisies" coloratura soprano-actress Kristin (Kristi Dawn) Chenoweth on July 24 in Broken Arrow, Okla.; adopted; one quarter Cherokee; known for her Betty Boop voice. Kiwi "Emilio Restrepo in Colombiana", "Travis Manawa in Fear the Walking Dad" actor Clifford Vivian Devon "Cliff" Curtis on July 27 in Rotorua; of Maori descent. Australian "Dr. Christian Troy in Nip/Tuck", "Cole Turner in Charmed" actor Julian Dana William McMahon on July 27 in Sydney, N.S.W. Am. "Julius in Everybody Loves Chris" 6'2" "football player and actor (black) Terry Alan Crews Jr. on July 30 in Flint, Mich. Polish racewalker Robert Korzeniowski on July 30 in Lubaczow. Welsh rock drummer Sean Anthony Moore (Manic Street Preachers) on July 30 in Pontypool, Monmouthshire. Am. rock musician Dan Donegan (Disturbed) on Aug. 1 in Oak Lawn, Ill. English rock musician Rob Cieka (Boo Radleys) on Aug. 4. Am. "Jin-Soo Kwon in Lost" actor Daniel Dae Kim on Aug. 4 in Busan, South Korea; emigratest to the U.S. in 1970. French Nat. Front conservative politician Marine (Marion Anne Perrine) Le Pen on Aug. 5 in Neuilly-sur-Seine; youngest daughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen (1928-); aunt of Marion Marechal-Le Pen (1989-). Am. "Agent Dana Scully in X-Files", "Lady Dedlock in Bleak House" actress Gillian Leigh Anderson on Aug. 9 in Chicago, Ill. Australian "Avner in Munich", "Hector in Troy", "Sgt. Norm Hoot Gibson in Black Hawk Down" actor Eric Bana (Banadinovich) on Aug. 9 in Melbourne, Victoria. Am. Jeopardy! champ (blind) Edward "Eddie" Timanus on Aug. 9 in St. Joseph, Mo.; educated at Wake Forest U. Am. "Monsters, Inc.", "Up" dir.-writer Peter Hans "Pete" Docter on Aug. 10 in Bloomington, Minn. Canadian hockey player Greg Hawgood on Aug. 10 in Edmonton, Alberta. Am. R&B drummer (black) Chris "Daddy" Dave (Mint Condition) on Aug. 11. Am. "Skyler White in Breaking Bad", "Martha Bullock in Deadwood" actress Anna Gunn on Aug. 11 in Santa Fe, N.M. Am. rock guitarist-songwriter Charlie Sexton on Aug. 11 in San Antonio, Tex. Am. "Rick Johnson in A Nightmare on Elm Street 4" actor-singer Andras Jones (Mr. Jones and the Previous) on Aug. 12 in Santa Cruz, Calif. Am. "Monster's Ball" actress (black) Halle Maria Berry on Aug. 14 in Cleveland, Ohio; black father, white mother. Am. "Lt. Col. Sarah MacKenzie in JAG" actress (Roman Catholic turned Scientologist) (lesbian) Catherine Lisa Bell on Aug. 14 in London, England; English father, Iranian mother; emigrates to the U.S. at age 3; educated at UCLA; wife of (1994-2013) Adam Beason and (2021-) Brooke Daniells (1974-). Irish golfer Darren Christopher Clarke on Aug. 14 in Dungannon, North Ireland; defeats Tiger Woods in 2000. Am. "Grace Adler in Will & Grace" actress (Jewish) (straight) Debra Lynn Messing on Aug. 15 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; of Russian-Polish Jewish descent; educated at Brandeis U., and NYU. Am. football WR (Denver Broncos #87) (1995-2003) Edward T. "Ed" McCaffrey on Aug. 17 in Waynesboro, Penn. Belgian economist Bruno J.M.T.G. van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie on Aug. 17 in Uccle, Brussels; educated at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles. Am. rock singer-musician Zac Maloy (Nixons) on Aug. 18 in Oklahoma City, Okla. Am. "Mrs. Steven Rudy" country singer-songwriter Mark McGuinn on Aug. 19 in Greensboro, N.C. Am. sci-fi writer and computer game designer (Christian) Vox Day (Theodore Robert Beale) on Aug. 21 in Minn.; son of Robert Beale (1943-); educated at Bucknell U. English BBC TV journalist Laura Kate Trevelyan on Aug. 21 in Islington, Ondon; descendant of Sir Charles Trevelyan (1807-86); educated at Bristol U., and Cardiff School of Journalism. Brazilian heavy metal guitarist Andreas Rudolf Kisser (Sepultura) on Aug. 24 in Sao Bernardo do Campo. Scottish musician-songwriter Stuart Lee Murdoch (Belle & Sebastian) on Aug. 25 in Clarkston, East Renfrewshire. Am. TV (Food Network) chef Rachael Ray on Aug. 25 in Glen Falls, N.Y.; of Cajun-Sicilian descent; "How cool is that?"; "Easy Peasy"; "EVOO" (extra virgin olive oil). Am. serial murderer (black) ("the Woodward Corridor Killer") Benjamin "Tony" Atkins (d. 1997) on Aug. 26 in Detroit, Mich. Scottish "Peregrin Pippin Took in The Lord of the Rings" actor Billy Boyd on Aug. 28 in Glasgow. Japanese baseball pitcher (Los Angeles Dodgers, 1995-8) Hideo Nomo on Aug. 31 in Minato-ku, Osaka; first Japanese-born major league baseball player to permanently relocate to ML U.S. baseball. Egyptian 9/11 terrorist (teetotaler) Mohammed Mohammed el-Amir Awad al-Sayed Atta (d. 2001) on Sept. 1 in Kafr el-Sheikh - happy birthday, raghead? Am. "Kelly in Drew Carey", "Libby in Lost" actress Cynthia Michele Watros on Sept. 2 in Lake Orion, Mich. Am. "Teech Gibson in Teech" actor (black) Phill Lewis on Sept. 4 in Uganda. Am. hall-of-fame baseball catcher (Los Angeles Dodgers, 1992-8) (New York Mets, 1998-2005) Michael Joseph "Mike" Piazza on Sept. 4 in Norristown, Penn. Am. 6'8" basketball player (black) (Orlando Magic #3, 1990-7) David Eugene Scott on Sept. 5 in Hagerstown, Md.; educated at Georgia Tech. Am. rock drummer Brad Wilk (Rage Against the Machine, Audioslave) on Sept. 5 in Portland, Ore. French soccer player (black) Marcel Desailly (Odenke Abbey) on Sept. 7 in Accra, Ghana. Argentine physicist Juan Martin Maldacena on Sept. 10 in Buenos Aires; educated at Princeton U. English "Sherlock Holmes", "Snatch", "Revolver" dir.-writer-producer (dyslexic) Guy Stuart Ritchie on Sept. 10 in Hatfield, Hertfordshire; husband (2000-8) of Madonna (1958-). Am. musician Kay Hanley (Letters To Cleo) on Sept. 11 in Dorchester, Mass. Belgian rock drummer Bart Van Der Zeeuw (K's Choice) on Sept. 11. Am. rock musician Larry "Ler" LaLonde (Primus) on Sept. 12 in Oakland, Calif. Am. photographer John Stutz on Sept. 12. Am. "Petty Officer Danny Rivetti in Crimson Tide" actor Danny Nucci on Sept. 15 in Klagenfurt, Austria; Italian father, French Moroccan mother; emigrates to the U.S. at age 7. Am. tropical salsa singer-songwriter-actor-producer Marc Anthony (Marco Antonio Muniz) on Sept. 16 in New York City; husband (2004-) of Jennifer Lopez (1969-). Am. chef Joseph "Joe" Bastianich on Sept. 17 in Astoria, Queens, N.Y.; son of Lidia Bastianich (1947-). Am. "Six-Word Memoirs" writer-ed. Larry Smith on Sept. 17 in N.J.; husband (2006-) of Piper Kerman (1969-); educated at the U. of Penn. Am. "Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail" writer Cheryl Strayed (nee Nyland) on Sept. 17 in Spangler, Penn.; educated at the U. of Minn. Croatian 6'11" basketball player Toni Kukoc on Sept. 18 in Split. British TV host-writer Phillippa Forrester on Sept. 20 in Winchester, Hampshire. Am. "The Green Collar Economy" environmental activist (black) (Communist) Anthony Kapel "Van" Jones on Sept. 20 in Jackson, Tenn.; educated at the U. of Tenn., and Yale U. Am. "John Wick" dir. Chad Stahelski on Sept. 20; friend of Brandon Lee, acting as his stunt double after his death in "The Crow" (1994). Am. drag racer Darrell Russell (d. 2004) on Sept. 20. Am. rock musician Hunter Benedict "Ben" Shepherd (Soundgarden) on Sept. 20 in Okinawa, Japan; grows up in Bainbridge Island, Wash. Am. rapper (black) David Jude "Dave" Jolicoeur (AKA Trugoy the Dove) (De La Soul) on Sept. 21 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; known for the De La Doe of uneven dreadlocks. English "Blue Peter" TV host Yvette Paula Fielding on Sept. 23 in Manchester; grows up in Bramhall; educated at Dane Bank College. Argentine 6'6" tennis player ("the Tower of Tandil") Juan Martin del Potro on Sept. 23 in Tandil. Am. murderer Chai Soua Vang on Sept. 24 in Laos; of the Hmong tribe; emigrates to the U.S. in 1980. Am. economist John August List on Sept. 25 in Madison, Wisc.; educated at the U. of Wyo., and U. of Wisc. Am. "Agent J Men in Black", "Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness" actor-rapper (black) (Scientologist?) Willard Christopher "Will" Smith Jr. on Sept. 25 in Wynnefield, Philadelphia, Penn. Am. "Jesus in Passion of the Christ", "John Reese in Person of Interest" actor (Roman Catholic) James Patrick "Jim" Caviezel on Sept. 26 in Mount Vernon, Wash.; Romansh origin name; Slovak-Swiss descent father, Irish descent mother; educated at Bellevue College, and U. of Wash. Am. journalist Anthony Shadid (d. 2012) on Sept. 26 in Oklahoma City, Okla.; of Lebanese Christian descent; educated at the U. of Wisc. Am. "Austin Reed in Days of Our Lives", "Richard Hart in Melrose Place" actor Patrick Muldoon on Sept. 27 in San Pedro, Calif.; Irish-Am. father and Croatian mother; breaks up Pvt. Rico and Fleet Cmdr. Carmen Ibanez in "Starship Troopers". Am. daredevil clown Bello Nock (Demetrius Alexandro Claudio Amadeus) on Sept. 27 in Sarasota, Fla.; 7th gen. of the Swiss Nock circus dynasty (founded 1772); begins performing at age 3; signature is 8 in. of red hair standing straight up. Am. "The Adventures of Sebastian Cole" dir.-producer-writer Tod Culpan "Kip" Williams on Sept. 27 in New York city; son of Tod Williams (1943-); brother of Rachel Williams (1967-); educated at Bard College, and Columbia U.; husband (1995-2000) of Famke Janssen (1964-) and (2004-) Grechen Mol (1972-). Am. R&B singer (black) Sean Edward Levert (d. 2008) on Sept. 28 in Cleveland, Ohio; son of Eddie Levert (1942-); brother of Gerald Levert (1966-2006). Am. rock bassist Hunter Benedict "Ben" Shepherd (Soundgarden) on Sept. 20 in Okinawa, Japan. English "Sleepwalkers" actress Naomi Ellen Watts on Sept. 28 in Shoreham, Kent. Am. "Haunting Evidence" paranormal investigator Patrick Burns on Sept. 29 in Highland Park, Ill. Indian Bollywood actor Samir (Sameer) Soni on Sept. 29 in London, England. Nigerian-Am. CTE forensic pathologist (black) Bennet Ifeakandu Omalu on Sept. ? in Nnokwa, Nigeria; educated at the U. of Wash.; becomes a U.S. citizen in 2015. Am. rock musician-songwriter-producer Kevin Griffin (Better Than Ezra) on Oct. 1 in Monroe, La. English "BBC Radio 5 Live" radio host Victoria Derbyshire on Oct. 2 in Ramsbottom. Czech 5'9" tennis player Jana Novotna (Novotná) on Oct. 2 in Brno. Am. "Joey in Twister", "Milton Buttle in Boston Public" actor (Jewish) Joey Slotnick on Oct. 2 in Chicago, Ill. English 6'2" soccer player Paul Andrew Crichton on Oct. 3 in Pontefract. Dutch writer (gay) Marc van der Linden on Oct. 6 in Vught. Am. "Un-Break My Heart" R&B singer (black) Toni Michelle Braxton on Oct. 7 in Severn, Md. English singer-songwriter Thomas Edward "Thom" Yorke (Radiohead) on Oct. 7 in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire. Am. "Calleigh Duquesne in CSI: Miami", "Ainsley Hayes in The West Wing" actress Emily Mallory Procter on Oct. 8 in Raleigh, N.C. Am. rapper (black) C.L. Smooth (Corey Brent Penn) (Pete Rock & CL Smooth) on Oct. 8 in New Rochelle, N.Y. Am. bowler Patrick Healy Jr. on Oct. 9 in Niagara Falls, N.Y.; educated at Wichita State U. Dutch mountain biker Bart Jan-Baptist Marie Brentjens on Oct. 10 in Haelen. Am. "Elaine Vassal in Ally McBeal", "Jenna Maroney in 30 Rock" actress Jane Krakowski (Krajkowski) on Oct. 11 in Parsippany, N.J.; Polish parents; educated at Rutgers U. Australian 6'2-1/2" "Wolverine in X-Men", "Curly in Oklahoma!" actor-singer Hugh Michael Jackman on Oct. 12 in Sydney, N.S.W.; English immigrant parents who were converted to evangelist Christianity by Billy Graham - huge act, man? Am. "Nicholas Bradford in Eight is Enough" child actor Adam Rich on Oct. 12 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Preetinder Singh "Preet" Bharara on Oct. 13 in Ferozepur, Punjab, India; Sikh father, Hindu mother; grows up in Eatontown, N.J.; educated at Harvard U., and Columbia U. Am. "Rags to Riches" actress (black) Tisha Campbell-Martin (Tisha Michelle Campbell) on Oct. 13 in Oklahoma City, Okla.; grows up in Newark, N.J. English soccer player Matthew Paul "Matt" Le Tissier on Oct. 14 in St. Peter Port, Guernsey. French 5'7" soccer player Didier Claude Deschamps on Oct. 15 in Bayonne. Italian "Gomorra" dir. Matteo Garrone on Oct. 15 in Rome. Jamaican "Love Is My Religion" reggae singer (black) (vegetarian) David Nesta "Ziggy" Marley on Oct. 17 in Kingston; eldest son of Bob Marley (1945-81) and Rita Marley (1946-). Am. comedian Basil White on Oct. 18. Jamaican "Angel" reggae rapper (black) Shaggy (Orville Richard Burrell) on Oct. 22 in Kingston; grows up in Flatbush, Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. Howard Stern Show comedian Salvatore "Sal the Stockbroker" Governale on Oct. 24 in New York City. Am. singer Speech on Oct. 25. Japanese singer-composer Tsunku (Mitsuo Terada) (Sharam Q, Morning Musume) on Oct. 29 in Higashiosaka, Osaka; sells 38M copies. Am. rock musician Kenneth Stuart "Ken" "Power Pop" Stringfellow (The Posies, R.E.M., Big Star) on Oct. 30 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. "Ice Ice Baby" rapper-actor Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (Indiana Pacers #33, 1993-9) (Toronto Raptors #33, 1999-2003, 2006) (Chicago Bulls ##34, 2005-6) (New York Knicks #32, 2005-6) Antonio Lee Davis on Oct. 31 in Oakland, Calif.; educated at UTEP. Vanilla Ice (Robert Matthew Van Winkle) on Oct. 31 in Miami Lakes, Fla. Australian 5'10-1/2" "Switch in The Matrix" actress Belinda McClory on Nov. 1 in Adelaide. Am. political scientist Roger A. Pielke Jr. on Nov. 2; son of Roger A. Pielke Sr. (1946-); educated at the U. of Colo. Boulder. Canadian actress Debbie Ann Rochon on Nov. 3 in Vancouver, B.C. Kiwi cricketer Lee Kenneth Germon on Nov. 4 in Christchurch. Am. "William Wild Bill Wharton in The Green Mile" actor Sam Rockwell on Nov. 5 in San Mateo, Calif. Am. "Fay Grim", "The House of Yes", "Kitty Kowalski in Superman Returns" actress ("Queen of the Indies") Parker Christian Posey on Nov. 8 in Baltimore, Md.; named after Suzy Parker; educated at SUNY. Dutch porno actress Zara Whites (Esther Kooiman) on Nov. 8 in Hoeksche Ward. Italian pianist Nazzareno Carusi on Nov. 9 in Celano. English "The X Factor" season 1 jazz-soul singer Stephen Desmond "Steve" Brookstein on Nov. 10 in Camberwell, London; first winner of X-Factor (2004). Am. "Alexandra Amberson in Wishmaster" actress Tammy Lauren on Nov. 10 in San Diego, Calif. German-Am. photographer Petra Liebetanz on Nov. 10 in Dusseldorf, Germany. Am. "Tracy Jordan in 30 Rock" actor (black) Tracy Jamal Morgan on Nov. 10 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. comedian Tom Papa on Nov. 10 in Passaic, N.J. Am. "Drop That Rock" Christian music singer David L. Cook on Nov. 11 in Pascagoula, Miss. Am. "Huell in Breaking Bad" actor-comedian (black) Lavell Craword on Nov. 11 in St. Louis, Mo. Dominican baseball outfielder (Chicago Cubs #21, 1992-2004) Samuel Kelvin Peralta "Sammy" Sosa on Nov. 12 in San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Repub. Am. baseball pitcher-coach (Toronto Blue Jays, 1991-9) Patrick George "Pat" Hentgen on Nov. 13 in Detroit, Mich. Am. porno actress Janine Marie Lindemuler on Nov. 14 in La Mirada, Calif.; wife (2002-4) of Jesse James (1969-). Am. singer Jennifer Charles (Elysian Fields) on Nov. 15 in Washington, D.C. Am. rapper (black) Ol' Dirty Bastard (Russell Tyrone Jones) (d. 2004) (Wu-Tang Clan) on Nov. 15 in Ft. Greene, Brooklyn, N.Y. Chinse Baidu co-funder Robin Li (Li Yanhong) on Nov. 17 in Yangquan, Shanxi; educated at Peking U., and U. of Buffalo; collaborator of Eric Xu (1964-). Irish soccer player-mgr. Barry Hunter on Nov. 18 in Coleraine, Northern Ireland. Am. actor Owen Cunningham Wilson on Nov. 18 in Dallas, Tex.; brother of actors Luke Wilson (1971-) and Andrew Wilson. Am. infomercial king Dean Graziosi on Nov. 20 in Marlboro, N.Y. Stephen Alexander "Alex" James (Blur) on Nov. 21 in Boscombe, Bournemouth, Dorset. Iranian scholar Hamid Hassani on Nov. 23 in Saqqez, Kuridstan. Canadian "Claire Kincaid in Law & Order", "Jordan Cavanaugh in Crossing Jordan" actress Jillian Noel "Jill" Hennessy on Nov. 25 in Edmonton, Alb. French "Jolene", "Michael Vaughn in "Alias" actor (Jewish) Michael S. Vartan on Nov. 27 in Boulogne-Billancourt, Haus-de-Seine; emigrates to the U.S. at age 5; Bulgarian father, Polish Jewish mother. British musician Martin Carr (Boo Radleys) on Nov. 28 in Thurso, Scotland. Am. R&B singer (black) Dawn Robinson (En Vogue, Lucy Pearl) on Nov. 28 in New London, Conn. Am. "Ling Woo in Ally McBeal" actress Lucy Alexis Liu on Dec. 2 in Queens, N.Y.; Chinese immigrant parents. Canadian-Am. "Richard Rick O'Connell in The Mummy", "George of the Jungle" actor Brendan James Fraser (pr. with a z) on Dec. 3 in Indianapolis, Ind.; Canadian parents. Am. R&B singer (black) Montell Du'Sean Jordan on Dec. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. Korean-Am. "Charlene Lee in It's My Party", "Teri Lee in Drop Dead Diva" comedian-actress (bi) Margaret Moran Cho on Dec. 5 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. "Martian Girl in Mars Attacks!" actress-model Lisa Marie Smith on Dec. 5 in Piscataway, N.J. Australian rugby player ("Rugby League Rebel") Mark "MG" Geyer on Dec. 7. Am. baseball pitcher (Baltimore Orioles, 1991-2000) (New York Yankees #35, 2001-8) Michael Cole "Mike" "Moose" Mussina on Dec. 8 in Williamsport, Penn. Am. World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) commentator Michael Cole (Michael Sean Coulthard) on Dec. 8 in Syracuse, N.Y. Am. MSNBC-TV journalist (black) Joy-Ann Reid (Joy-Ann M. Lomena Reid) on Dec. 8 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Congo immigrant father, British Guiana immigrant mother; grows up in Denver, Colo.; educated at Harvard U. Am. Olympic wrestling gold medalist Kurt Steven Angle on Dec. 9 in Mt. Lebanon, Penn. Am. rock musician Brian Bell (Weezer, Space Twins) on Dec. 9 in Iowa City, Iowa. French microbiologist Emmanuelle Marie Charpentier on Dec. 11 in Juvisy-sur-Orge; educated at Pierre and Marie Curie U.; 2020 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. "The Seventh Sense", "The Age of the Unthinkable" writer-journalist Joshua Cooper Ramo on Dec. 14 in Durham, N.C.; grows up in Los Ranchos, N.M.; educated at the U. of Chicago, and NYU. Am. economist (Jewish) Peter Richard Orszag on Dec. 16 in Boston, Mass.; of Hungarian Jewish descent; grows up in Lexington, Mass.; educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, Princeton U., and London School of Economics; husband (2010-) of Bianna Golodryga (1978-). Canadian race car driver ("the Thrill from West Hill") Paul Tracy on Dec. 17 in Scarborough, Toronto, Ont. Am. "Johnny Rico in Starship Troopers", "Tarzan in Tarzan and the Lost City" actor-producer ("perfect life-sized Ken doll") Casper Robert Van Dien VI on Dec. 18 in Milton, Fla.; grows up in Ridgewood, N.J.; of Dutch descent; educated at Fla. State U. Australian "Brenda Chenowith in Six Feet Under", "Brenda Chenowith in Six Feet Under" actress Rachel Anne Griffiths on Dec. 18 in Melbourne, Victoria. Am. rock drummer Kevin Shepard (Tonic) on Dec. 19. Am. "Simone Foster in Head of the Class" actress Khrystyne Kamil Haje on Dec. 21 in Santa Clara, Calif.; Lebanese and Czech descent parents. Am. "Christine Cricket Blair in The Young and the Restless" actress Lauralee Bell on Dec. 22 in Chicago, Ill. Am. "Dizzy Flores in Starship Troopers", "Kara in Dragonheart" actress Dina Meyer on Dec. 22 in Queens, N.Y. Canadian "Emma Hollis in Millennium" actress Klea Scott on Dec. 25 in Canal Zone, Panama. Am. atty. R. Alexander Acosta on ? in Miami, Fla.; Cuban immigrant parents; educated at Harvard U. Am. "The Most Famous Man in America" biographer-historian Debby Applegate on ? in Eugene, Ore.; educated at Amherst College, and Yale U. English "Judge Dredd" dir.-producer Danny Cannon on ? in Luton, Bedfordshire. U.S. Rep. (D-Ill.) (2013) (first Thailand-born) (first disabled woman) Ladda Tammy Duckworth on ? in Bangkok, Tahiland; Am. father, Thai mother of Chinese ancestry; educated at the U. of Hawaii, and George Washington U.; first female double amputee of the Iraq War. English writer-historian Thomas "Tom" Holland on ? in Broadchalke (near Salisbury), Wiltshire; educated at Queen's College, Cambridge U. Canadian-Am. "Big Fat Liar", "Cheaper by the Dozen" dir.-actor Shawn Adam Levy on ? in Montreal; not to be confused with Shawn Anthony Levy (1961-). Canadian "The Trouble with Islam Today" feminist writer (Muslim) (lesbian) ("Osama bin Laden's worst nightmare" - NYT) Irshad (Arab. "guidance") Manji on ? in Uganda; Egyptian and Gujarati Indian descent parents; emigrates to Canada in 1972. Am. "Beyond the Green Zone" jouranlist Dahr Jamail on ? in Houston, Tex.; of Lebanese descent; educated at Tex. A&M U. Israeli journalist-activist (black) (Jewish) Tsega Melaku on ? in Gondar, Ethiopia; emigrates to Israel in 1984. Am. ClimateDepot.com Repub. climate change denial activist Marc Morano on ? in Washington, D.C.; grows up in McLean, Va.; educated at George Mason U. Am. poker champ Rick Salomon on ? in Neptune Township, N.J.; husband (1995-2000) of Elizabeth Daily, (2002-3) Shannen Doherty, and (2007-8, 2014-5) Pamela Anderson. German "Flightplan", "The Time traveller's Wife" dir.-writer Robert Schwentke on ? in Stuttgart. Am. actor (Jewish) Benjamin "Ben" Shankman on ? in New York City. Irish artist George Henry Smyth on ? in Ardglass, County Down, Northern Ireland. Deaths: Am. historian Charles Howard McIlwain (b. 1871) on June 1. Italian cardinal (since 1959) Francesco Morano (b. 1872) on July 12 in Vatican City. English theologian Benjamin George Wilkinson (b. 1872). French-born Am. film dir. Alice Guy (b. 1873) on Mar. 24 in Wayne, N.J. English revisionist historian George Peabody Gooch (b. 1873) on Aug. 31 in London. Am. Sanforizing process inventor Sanford L. Cluett (b. 1874) on May 18 in Palm Beach, Fla. Am. silent film dir. Alice Guy-Blache (b. 1874) on Mar. 24 in Mahwah, N.J. English physiologist Sir Henry Hallett Dale (b. 1875) on July 22; 1936 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. atty. Joseph Hodges Choate Jr. (b. 1876) on Jan. 19: "You cannot live without lawyers, and certainly you cannot die without them." Spanish Cardinal (since 1946) Enrique Pla y Deniel (b. 1876) on July 5 in Toledo. Am. athlete John Walter Tewksbury (b. 1876) on Apr. 25 in Tunkhannock, Penn. Australian tennis player Sir Norman Everard Brookes (b. 1877) on Sept. 28 in Melbourne, Victoria. German-born Am. "The Captain and the Kids" cartonist Rudolph Dirks (b. 1877) on Apr. 20 in New York City. Dutch-born French Fauvist painter Kees Van Dongen (b. 1877) on May 28 in Monte Carlo (pneumonia). Estonian-born British wrestling champ George Hackenschmidt (b. 1877) on Feb. 19 in London. Scottish "Balthazar in Ben Hur" actor Finlay Currie (b. 1878) on May 9 in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, England. English lyricist Percy Greenbank (b. 1878) on Dec. 9 in Rickmansworth. Austrian nuclear physicist Lise Meitner (b. 1878) on Oct. 27 in London. Italian opera conductor Tullio Serafin (b. 1878) on Feb. 2; chief conductor of New York's Metropolitan Opera House in 1924-35. Am. "The Jungle" journalist Upton Sinclair (b. 1878) on Nov. 25 in Bound Brook, N.J.: "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it." Am. dance pioneer Ruth St. Denis (b. 1879) on July 21 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack); teacher of Martha Graham. German radiochemist Otto Hahn (b. 1879) on July 28 in Gottingen; 1944 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. race car driver Ray Harroun (b. 1879) on Jan. 19; winner of the first Indy 500 is founded. Am. zoologist Carl G. Hartman (b. 1879) on Mar. 1; chmn. of the Planned Parenthood World Pop. biological research committee - let's get rid of them human weeds? Am. actor Philip Lord (b. 1879) on Nov. 25 in Chicago, Ill. Am. Dem. politician Jouett Shouse (b. 1879) on June 2 in Lexington, Ky.; backed Alfred E. Smith against FDR. Am. baseball hall-of-fame player Sam Crawford (b. 1880) on June 15 in Hollywood, Calif.; only player to lead the NL (16 for Cincinnati Reds in 1901) and AL (7 for Detroit Tigers in 1908) in homers; career total 312 3-base hits. Am. handicapped author-lecturer-hero Helen Keller (b. 1880) on June 1 in Easton, Conn. (diabetes-related stroke); cremated and buried at the Nat. Cathedral in Washington, D.C. alongside Anne Sullivan and Polly Thomson: "No matter how dull, or how mean, or how wise a man is, he feels that happiness is his indisputable right"; "Death is no more than passing from one room into another. But there's a difference for me, you know. Because in that other room I shall be able to see." Italian composer-educator-author Ildebrando Pizzetti (b. 1880) on Feb. 13 in Rome; composed 11 operas. English-born Canadian composer-organist-educator Healey Willan (b. 1880) on Feb. 16. German ecumenical Jesuit scholar Cardinal (1959-) Augustin Bea (b. 1881) on Nov. 16 in Rome; pres. (1960-) of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity; helped the Vatican repudiate anti-Semitism. Am. poet Witter Bynner (b. 1881) on June 1 in Santa Fe, N.M. Am. gen. Ulysses S. Grant III (b. 1881) on Aug. 29 in Clinton, N.Y.; grandson of U.S. pres. Guess Who's in Grant's Tomb. British RAF marshal Sir John Maitland Salmond (b. 1881) on Apr. 16. Am. actress Mary Servoss (b. 1881) on Nov. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. Danish-born Am. Ford Motor Co. designer Charles Emil Sorensen (b. 1881) on Aug. 13 in Bethesda, Md. Am. heavyweight boxing champ (1915-19) Jess Willard (b. 1881) on Dec. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cerebral hemorrhage). Am. baseball pitcher Babe Adams (b. 1882) on July 27 in Silver Spring, Md. (throat cancer). Am. A&W Root Beer founder Roy W. Allen (b. 1882) on Mar. 26. Am. Pearl Harbor patsy rear Adm. Husband Edward Kimmel (b. 1882) on May 14 in Groton, Conn. (heart attack). English-born New Zealand PM (1957-60) Sir Walter Nash (b. 1882) on June 4 in Auckland. Am. foot care king William Mathias Scholl (b. 1882) on Mar. 29 in Chicago, Ill. (pneumonia). Am. Atlantic City boss (1911-41) Nucky Johnson (b. 1883) on Dec. 9 in Northfield, N.J. Am. Bob Jones U. founder Bob Jones Jr. (b. 1883) on Jan. 16 in Greenvile, S.C. Am. "Aunt Clara in Bewitched" actress Marion Lorne (b. 1883) on May 9 in New York City (heart attack); Alice Ghostley replaces her in "Bewitched" as Esmeralda; they had appeared side-by-side in "The Graduate" as Miss DeWitte and Mrs. Singleman. Am. newspaper pub. Merrill Church Meigs (b. 1883) on Jan. 26. Italian field marshal Giovanni Messe (b. 1883) on Dec. 18. Czech-born German writer Max Brod (b. 1884) on Dec. 20 in Tel Aviv (heart attack). British political advisor Sir Alexander G.M. Cadogan (b. 1884) on July 9. U.S. Rep. (R-Mass.) Joseph William Martin Jr. (b. 1884) on Mar. 6 in Hollywood, Fla.; House Speaker in 1947-9 and 1953-5. Am. Socialist Party leader Norman Mattoon Thomas (b. 1884) on Dec. 19 in Huntington, N.Y.; 6x candidate for U.S. pres. (1928-48); co-founder of the ACLU. German Nazi gen. Nikolaus von Falkenhorst (b. 1885) on June 18 in Hozminden, West Germany. Am. "Show Boat", "Cimmaron", "Giant", "So Big", "Dinner at Eight" novelist-playwright Edna Ferber (b. 1885) on Apr. 16 in New York City (cancer); never had a romance or sexual relationship?: "There are only two kinds of people in the world that really count: one kind's wheat and the other kind's emeralds." Canadian hockey team owner Ambrose O'Brien (b. 1885) on Apr. 25. Austrian-born Am. photographer Morris Rosenfeld (b. 1885). Swiss Protestant theologian Karl Barth (b. 1886) on Dec. 10 in Basel: "Conscience is the perfect interpreter of life." Am. "Kate Bradley in Petticoat Junction" actress Bea Benaderet (b. 1886) on Oct. 13. U.S. atty.-gen. (1941-5) Francis Biddle (b. 1886) on Oct. 4 in Wellfleet, Mass. (heart attack); U.S. member of the Internat. Military Tribunal at the first Nuremberg trial. Am. boring psychologist Edwin G. Boring (b. 1886) on July 1 in Cambridge, Mass. Japanese-born French painter Tsuguharu Foujita (b. 1886) on Jan. 29 in Zurich, Switzerland (cancer). Am. historian and Federal Reserve Board member (1930-50) Bray Hammond (b. 1886) on July 20. Spanish Cardinal (since 1965) Herrera y Oria (b. 1886) on July 28; Bishop of Malaga in 1947-66. Am. writer-journalist Rose Wilder Lane (b. 1886) on Oct. 30 in Danbury, Conn. English writer-critic-diplomat Sir Harold Nicolson (b. 1886) on May 1 in Kent (heart attack). Am. Sperry-Rand co-founder James H. Rand Jr. (b. 1886) on June 3 in Freeport, Bahamas. French "The Fountain" conceptual artist Marcel Duchamp (b. 1887) on Oct. 2 (early a.m.) in Neuilly-sur-Seine (heart failure); epitaph: "Besides, it's always the others who die"; the Pix Marcel Duchamp is established in 2000 by the Centre Georges Pompidou. Italian Capuchin monk Padre Pio (b. 1887) on Sept. 23 in San Giovanni Rotondo; carried the stigmata on his body and limbs - at least he didn't go blind? Am. radio commentator Raymond Gram Swing (b. 1887) on Dec. 22 in Washington, D.C. (heart attack). German writer Arnold Zweig (b. 1887) on Nov. 26 in East Berlin. Greek PM (1944-5, 1963, 1964-5) George Papandreou (b. 1888) on Nov. 1 in Athens (bleeding ulcer). Am. Black Mountain College founder (1933) John Andrew Rice Jr. (b. 1888). Czech-born Swiss art historian Sigfrid Giedion (b. 1888) on Apr. 10 in Zurich. Am. plant geneticist Edmund Ware Sinnott (b. 1888) on Jan. 6: "Science alone may make monsters of men!" Am. "Van & Schenck" vaudeville comedian Gus Van (b. 1888) on Mar. 12 in Miami Beach, Fla. (auto accident). Am. historian Harry Elmer Barnes (b. 1889) on Aug. 25 in Malibu, Calif. (heart failure). Russian-born Am. concert pianist Alexander Borovsky (b. 1889) on Apr. 20. Am. businessman Warren Albert Cole (b. 1889) on Dec. 29 in Fall River, Mass. Danish film dir.-writer Carl Theodor Dreyer (b. 1889) on Mar. 9 in Copenhagen. Am. playwright Philip Dunning (b. 1889) on July 20 in Westport, Conn. Am. "Imitation of Life" author Fannie Hurst (b. 1889) on Feb. 23 in New York City; pub. hundreds of short stories and 30 novels. Am. "The Great Ziegfeld", "The Divorcee" producer-dir. Robert Z. Leonard (b. 1889) on Aug. 27 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (aneurism); gave the first screen test to Greta Garbo. Am. "Arsenic and Old Lace", "The Sound of Music" actor-playwright-producer Howard Lindsay (b. 1889) on Feb. 11 in New York City (leukemia); played the title role in "Life with Father" with wife Dorothy Stickney as mother. Norwegian poet Arnulf Overland (b. 1889) on Mar. 25. German Gen. Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke (b. 1889) on July 4 in Kappeln, West Germany. Russian-born Am. sociologist Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin (b. 1889) on Feb. 11; dies after prophesying the fall of materialistic Western civilization into decadence followed by its reemergence in a spiritual or spiritual-materialist era. German writer Georg von der Vring (b. 1889) on Mar. 1 in Munich. British "Footprings in the Sea" Commodore Augustus Agar (b. 1890) on Dec. 30 in Alton, Hampshire. Am. Olympic swimmer Duke Kahanamoku (b. 1890) on Jan. 22 in Honolulu (heart attack); revolutionized sprint swimming by replacing the scissors kick with the flutter kick. Am. novelist Conrad Michael Richter (b. 1890) on Oct. 30 in Pottsville, Penn. (heart attack). Am. "Winnetka Plan" educator Carleton Wolsey Washburne (b. 1890) on Nov. 17 in Okemos, Mich. Am. "Auntie Belle in Jezebel" actress Fay Bainter (b. 1891) on Apr. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pneumonia). German racial theorist Hans Gunther (b. 1891) on Sept. 25 in Freiburg. German photomontage pioneer John Heartfield (b. 1891) on Apr. 26. Am. ecumenical leader Douglas Horton (b. 1891) on Aug. 21; dean of Harvard Divinity School in 1955-9. Am. "A Night in Casablanca", "Petrified Forest" actor-dir. Archie L. Mayo (b. 1891) on Dec. 4 in Guadalajara, Mexico. French-born Boston Symphony Orchestra conductor (1949-62) Charles Munch (b. 1891) on Nov. 6 in Richmond, Va. (heart attack); founded the Orchestre de la Societe Philharmonique in Paris in 1935, and the Orchestre de Paris in 1967. Swedish poet Arnulf Overland (b. 1891) on Mar. 25 in Oslo; given the home of poet Hernik Wergeland after WWII by the Norwegian govt. French playwright Maurice Rostand (b. 1891) on Feb. 21. Am. New York Times chmn. (1935-61) Arthur Hays Sulzberger (b. 1891) on Dec. 11 in New York City; succeeded his father-in-law Adolph Sulzberger Ochs in 1935, and retired in 1961 in favor of his son Arthur Ochs Sulzberger (1926-). German diplomat Hans Thomsen (b. 1891). Am. "George White's Scandals", "Rhapsody in Blue" actor-screenwriter-dir.-producer and dapper showman George White (b. 1891) on Oct. 11 in Hollywood, Calif. (leukemia). Am. painter Ralph Pallen Coleman (b. 1892) on Apr. 3. Belgian medical scientist Corneille Heymans (b. 1892) on July 18 in Knokke; 1938 Nobel Medicine Prize. Belarussian painter Michel Kikoine (b. 1892) on Nov. 4 in Cannes, France. German-born Am. art historian Erwin Panofsky (b. 1892) on Mar. 14 in Princeton, N.J. Am. "A Town Like Alice" film producer Earl St. John (b. 1892) on Feb. 26 in Spain. Am. bi poet-playwright and costume designer Mercedes de Acosta (b. 1893) on May 9 in New York City (cancer): "You can't dispose of Mercedes lightly. She has had the two most important women in the U.S., Greta Garbo and Marlene Dietrich" (Alice B. Toklas). Czech animator Berthold Bartosch (b. 1893) on Nov. 13. Am. poet Donald Davidson (b. 1893) on Apr. 25 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. Johnson & Johnson CEO Robert Wood Johnson II (b. 1893) on Jan. 30 in New York City. English art-lit. critic Sir Herbert Read (b. 1893) on June 12 in Stonegrave, North Yorkshire. U.S. surgeon gen. Thomas Parran Jr. (b. 1893) on Feb. 16 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Am. "Harvey Griffin in Hazel" actor Howard Smith (b. 1893) on Jan. 10 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack). Scottish-born Am. golfer Tommy Armour (b. 1894) on Sept. 11 in Larchmont, N.Y. Am. Cardinal (since 1967) Francis Brennan (b. 1894) on July 2 in Philadelphia, Penn. (heart attack); holds highest Vatican post ever for an American (until ?), prefect of the Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments, which he was named to on Jan. 15. Am. "Little Orphan Annie" cartoonist Harold Lincoln Gray (b. 1894) on May 9 in La Jolla, Calif (cancer). Am. "Here Comes Mr. Jordan" dir. Alexander Hall (b. 1894) on July 30 in San Francisco, Calif. (stroke). Am. writer-lyricist Paul Girard Smith (b. 1894) on Apr. 4 in San Diego, Calif. Am. "Plumes", "What Price Glory?" playwright-journalist Laurence Stallings (b. 1894) on Feb. 28 in Pacific Palisades, Calif. (heart attack). English "Rhodes", "Accused", "Treasure Island" actor Basil Sydney (b. 1894) on Jan. 10 in London (pleurisy). British Adm. Philip Louis Viand (b. 1894) on May 27 in Ashford Hill, Hampshire. Am. "The Sheik", "Stagecoach" film producer Walter Wanger (b. 1894) on Nov. 18 in New York City (heart attack). Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player-coach-mgr. Jack Adams (b. 1895) on May 1 in Detroit, Mich. Italian composer-pianist Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco (b. 1895) on Mar. 15 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Argentine composer-conductor Juan Jose Castro (b. 1895) on Sept. 3. Am. football hall-of-fame QB Paddy Driscoll (b. 1895) on June 28 in Chicago, Ill. Am. novelist Vardis Fisher (b. 1895) on July 9. Am. Grand Ole Opry founder George Dewey Hay (b. 1895) on May 8 in Virginia Beach, Va. Am. "Flora in The Birth of a Nation" actress Mae Marsh (b. 1895) on Feb. 13 in Hermosa Beach, Calif. Dutch-born Am. minister-journalist Pierre van Paassen (b. 1895) on Jan. 8. Am. comedian Bert Wheeler (b. 1895) on Jan. 18 in New York City; partner or Robert Woolsey (1888-1938). Am. bookmaker Frank Erickson (b. 1896) on Mar. 2 (cardiac arrest). English comedian Bud Flanagan (Robert Winthrop) (b. 1896) on Oct. 20; partner of Chesney Allen. Am. Fruehauf Trailer Co. co-founder Harvey Charles Fruehauf (b. 1896) on Aug. 13 in Detroit, Mich. (heart attack). Am. "Grand Ole Opry's Solemn Ole Judge" George D. Hay (b. 1896) on May 9. Norwegian statesman and U.N. secy.-gen. #1 (1946-53) Trygve Lie (b. 1896) on Dec. 30 in Geilo, Norway (heart attack). Soviet Field Marshal Konstantin K. Rokossovsky (b. 1897) on Aug. 3 in Moscow. Am. historian Crane Brinton (b. 1898) on Sept. 7 in Cambridge, Mass.: "The doctrine of the absolute uniqueness of events in history seems nonsense." Australian penicillin bacteriologist Sir Howard Walter Florey (b. 1898) on Feb. 22 in London (heart attack); 1945 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. silent film actress Dorothy Gish (b. 1898) on June 4 in Rapallo, Italy (pneumonia); younger sister of Lillian Gish. Polish physicist Leopold Infeld (b. 1898) on Jan. 16. Am. baseball-basketball player Fats Jenkins (b. 1898) on Dec. 6 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. surgeon Charles William Mayo (b. 1898) on July 28 in Rochester, Minn. Am. hall-of-fame jockey Earl Sande (b. 1898) on Aug. 19 in Nassau, Bahamas; 968 wins incl. three Kentucky Derbies (1923, 1925, 1930). Polish physicist Leopold Infeld (b. 1898) on Jan. 15 in Warsaw. South African ichthyologist J.L.B. Smith (b. 1898) on Jan. 7 in Cape Town; confirmed the discovery of a live coelacanth in 1938. Soviet Field Marshal Vasily Danilovich Sokolovsky (b. 1898) on May 10 in Moscow. Am. "New York Confidential", "Martin Kane" actor Lee Tracy (b. 1898) on Oct. 18 in Santa Monica, Calif. (cancer). Latvian politician Gustavs Celmins (b. 1899) on Apr. 10 in San Antonio, Tex.: "In one word: in a Latvian Latvia there will only be Latvians." Argentine-born Italian painter-sculptor Lucio Fontana (b. 1899) on Sept. 7 in Comabbio, Varese. Am. ambassador Julius C. Holmes (b. 1899) on July 15. West German VW CEO Heinz Nordhoff (b. 1899) on Apr. 12 in Wolfsburg (heart attack). Mexican-born Am. "Rupert Hentzau in the Prisoner of Zenda" actor Ramon Novarro (b. 1899) on Oct. 30 in Hollywood Hills, Calif. (found murdered in his home). Am. jockey Earle Sande (b. 1899) on Aug. 18 in Jacksonville, Ore. Am. photographer Weegee (b. 1899) on Dec. 26. Am. Lutheran Church of Am. pres. (1962-8) Franklin Clark Fry (b. 1900) on June 6. Am. poet-critic Yvor Winters (b. 1900) on Jan. 26. English historian Alfred Cobban (b. 1901) on Apr. 1 in London. French-born Am. "painting on light" film artist Andre Girard (b. 1901) on Sept. 2. Am. "Bloody Mary in South Pacific" actress-singer Juanita Hall (b. 1901) on Feb. 28 in Bay Shore, N.Y. Italian poet-critic Salvatore Quasimodo (b. 1901) on June 14 in Naples (brain hemorrhage); 1958 Nobel Lit. Prize. Estonian artist Adamson-Eric (b. 1902) on Dec. 2 in Tallinn. English film dir. Anthony Asquith (b. 1902) on Feb. 20 in London. Am. husky-voiced actress Tallulah Bankhead (b. 1902) on Dec. 12 in New York City (emphysema): "I'm as pure as the driven slush"; "Cocaine isn't habit-forming. I should know, I've been using it for years"; "If I had my past life over again I'd make all the same mistakes only sooner"; "I hate to go to bed, I hate to get up, and I hate to be alone." German dancer-choreographer Harold Kreutzberg (b. 1902). Am. entomologist Theodore C. Schneirla (b. 1902) on Aug. 20. Am. "The Grapes of Wrath" novelist John Steinbeck (b. 1902) on Dec. 20 in New York City (heart attack): "It is the nature of man to rise to greatness if greatness is expected of him"; "A man, after he has brushed off the dust and chips of his life, will have left only the hard, clean question: Was it good or was it evil? Have I done well - or ill?"; "I do wonder whether there will come a time when we can no longer afford our wastefulness." Am. "Road to Survival" ecologist William Vogt (b. 1902) on July 11 English actor-theatrical manager Sir Donald Wolfit (b. 1902) on Feb. 17: "Dying is easy, comedy is hard." Am. "March of Time" radio narrator Westbrook Van Voorhis (b. 1903) on July 13 in Milford, Conn. (cancer): "Time Marches On!" Am. "Rear Window" mystery writer Cornell Woolrich (b. 1903) on Sept. 25 in New York Center (alcoholism). Am. "New Yorker" cartoonist Peter Arno (b. 1904) on Feb. 22 in Port Chester, N.Y (lung cancer): "Well, back to the old drawing board"; "Tell me about yourself: your struggles, your dreams, your telephone number." U.S. Sen. (D-Alaska) (1959-68) Edward Lewis "Bob" Bartlett (b. 1904) on Dec. 11 in Cleveland, Ohio. Ukrainian-born Am. physicist-astronomer George Gamow (b. 1904) on Aug. 19. Am. King Records founder Syd Nathan (b. 1904) on Mar. 5 in Miami, Fla. (heart disease). Am. top Disney animator Vladimir Peter Tytla (b. 1904) on Dec. 30 (cancer); resigned in 1943, then spent the rest of his life trying to get rehired? English "South of the Border" composer Michael Carr (b. 1905) on Sept. 16 in London. Am. "The Wild Bunch" actor Albert Dekker (b. 1905) on May 5 in Hollywood, Calif.; found bound and gagged with a hypo in each arm and obscenities written on his bod. Am. actress Kay Francis (b. 1905) on Aug. 26 in New York City (cancer). Am. librarian and book reviewer Margaret C. Scoggin (b. 1905) on July 11. Am. "Advise and Consent" actor Franchot Tone (b. 1905) on Sept. 18 in New York City (lung cancer). Am. Barnes Dance traffic engineer Henry A. Barnes (b. 1906) on Sept. ? in ? (heart attack); dies on the job: "You can't be a nice guy and solve traffic." Am. "Petticoat Junction" actress Bea Benaderet (b. 1906) on Oct. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. baseball pitcher Tommy Bridges (b. 1906) on Apr. 19 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. physicist (xerography inventor) Chester Floyd Carlson (b. 1906) on Sept. 19 in New York City; gave away $100M in an effort to die poor. Am. poet George Dillon (b. 1906) on May 9. Soviet (Russian) mathematician Alexander Gelfond (b. 1906) on Nov. 7 in Moscow. English-born German actress Lilian Harvey (d. 1906) on July 27 in Juan-les-Pins, France (jaundice). English ex-duchess of Kent Princess Marina (b. 1906) on Aug. 27. Am. novelist Allan Seager (b. 1906) on May 10 in Tecumseh, Mich. (cancer). Am. "Young Man with a Horn" Dorothy Dodds Baker (b. 1907) on June 17 in Terra Bella, Calif. Am. actress June Collyer (b. 1906) on Mar. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pneumonia); wife of Stu Erwin (1903-67) in the TV series "The Trouble with Father" ("The Stu Erwin Show"), and in real life. Am. playwright Harry Kurnitz (b. 1908) on Mar. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. bad guy actor Dan Duryea (b. 1907) on June 7 in Hollywood, Calif. (cancer). Swedish poet Gunnar Ekelof (b. 1907) on Mar. 16 in Sigtuna. Am. actress Pert Kelton (b. 1907) on Oct. 30 in Westwood, N.J. (heart disease). Am. illustrator John O'Hara Cosgrave II (b. 1908) on May 11 in Falmouth, Mass. Italian "Don Camillo" author-journalist Giovanni Guareschi (b. 1908) on July 22 (heart attack). German conductor Joseph Keilberth (b. 1908) on July 20 in Munich; collapses while conducting Wagner's "Tristan und Isolde" (like Felix Mottl did is founded). Russian cryogenic physicist Lev Davidovich Landau (b. 1908) on Apr. 1 in Moscow (from injuries suffered in a Jan. 1962 car accident); 1962 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. actor-dir. Dennis O'Keefe (b. 1908) on Aug. 21 (lung cancer). Am. explorer-geographer Paul Allman Siple (b. 1908) on Nov. 25. Am. children's book writer-illustrator Virginia Lee Burton (b. 1909) on Oct. 15 in Boston, Mass. (lung cancer). Am. children's book writer-illustrator Elizabeth Enright (b. 1909) on June 8. Am. golf champ Lawson Little (b. 1910) on Feb. 1 in Pebble Beach, Calif. Am. baseball pitcher Al Benton (b. 1911) on Apr. 14 in Lynwood, Calif. (motel explosion). English journalist-politician Randolph Frederick Edward Spencer Churchill (b. 1911) on June 6 in Stour (heart attack); only son of Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965); completed 2 vols. of an 8-vol. bio. of his daddy, which is completed by Sir Martin Gilbert. Am. country-western singer "Red" Clyde Foley (b. 1911) on Sept. 20 in Ft. Wayne, Ind. Chinese-born English "Gormenghast" writer-artist Mervyn Peake (b. 1911) on Nov. 17. Australian Queensland PM Jack Pizzey (b. 1911) on July 31; became Liberal Party PM on Jan. 17. U.S. Rep. (D-Tex.) Joe R. Pool (b. 1911) on July 14. Am. record co. exec Stephen H. Sholes (b. 1911) on Apr. 22. French Cardinal (since 1967) Pierre Veuillot (b. 1913) on Feb. 14. Am. golfer Bud Ward (b. 1913) on Jan. 2 in San Mateo, Calif. Am. actress Judith Arlen (b. 1914) on June 5 in Santa Barbara, Calif. Am. actor Wendell Corey (b. 1914) on Nov. 8 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (liver failure). Am. jazz trumpeter Ziggy Elman (b. 1914) on June 26 in Van Nuys, Calif. (liver ailment). Am. TV comedy writer Nat Hiken (b. 1914) on Dec. 7 in Brentwood, Calif. (heart attack). Am. journalist Will Lang Jr. (b. 1914) on Jan. 21 in St. Anton, Austria (heart attack). Am. "Lone Wolf" actor Gerald Mohr (b. 1914) on Nov. 10. Canadian Quebec PM Daniel Johnson (b. 1915) on Sept. 25. Am. country singer Skeets McDonald (b. 1915) on Mar. 31 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). French-born Anglo-Am. "The Seven Storey Mountain" writer Thomas Merton (Father M. Louis) (b. 1915) on Dec. 10 in Bangkok, Thailand; electrocuted by an electric fan in a bathtub while attending an ecumenical conference of Catholic and Buddhist monks; buried at the Trappist Abbey of Gethsemani near Louisville, Ky. where he lived since 1941. English "#2 in The Prisoner" actress Mary Morris (b. 1915) on Oct. 14 in Aigle, Switzerland (heart failure). Am. "Hamilton Burger in Perry Mason" actor William Talman (b. 1915) on Aug. 30 in Encino, Calif. (lung cancer); leaves the first anti-smoking commercials for the Am. Cancer Society filmed by a Hollywood actor. Swedish composer Karl-Birger Blomdahl (b. 1916) on June 14 in Stockholm. Am. "D.A. Hamilton Burger in Perry Mason" actor William Talman (b. 1917) on Aug. 30 (lung cancer). Am. novelist Edwin O'Connor (b. 1918) on Mar. 23 in Boston, Mass. (cerebral hemorrhage). Am. writer Damon Runyon Jr. (b. 1918) on Apr. 14 in Washington, D.C. (leaped from a bridge). Am. psychiatrist Donald deAvila Jackson (b. 1920) on Jan. 29. Am. actress Helen Walker (b. 1920) on Mar. 10 in North Hollywood, Calif. (cancer). English comedian Tony Hancock (b. 1924) on June 24 in Sydney, Australia (suicide). Am. actor Charles Chaplin Jr. (b. 1925) on Mar. 20 (pulmonary thrombosis); son of Charlie Chaplin. U.S. Sen. (D-N.Y.) (1965-8) Robert Francis Kennedy (b. 1925) on June 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. (assassinated); astronaut John Glenn is a pallbearer at his funeral: "There are those who look at things the way they are, and ask why... I dream of things that never were and ask why not"; "Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly"; "The sharpest criticism often goes hand in hand with the deepest idealism and love of country"; "What if we go to Heaven and we, all our lives, have treated the Negro as an inferior, and God is there, and we look up and He is not white?"; "A young man who saw wrong and tried to right it" (Edward Kennedy) - the good die young? Am. jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery (b. 1925) on June 15 in Indianapolis, Ind. (heart attack). Am. Beatnik leader Neal Cassady (b. 1926) on Feb. 4 in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico (OD?) (renal failure?); found in a coma by some railroad tracks. Am. Ala. gov. (1967-8) Lurleen Burns Wallace (b. 1926) on May 7 in Montgomery, Ala. (cancer). Am. guitarist Luther Perkins (b. 1928) on Sept. 8 in Nashville, Tenn. (house fire caused by going to sleep with a lit cigarette). Am. civil rights leader (pres. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference) Martin Luther King Jr. (b. 1929) on Apr. 4 in Memphis, Tenn. (assassinated); travelled 6M mi., spoke 2.5Kx, and was arrested 20x; 1964 Nobel Peace Prize; Repub.-supporting Wilt Chamberlain accompanies Richard Nixon to the funeral; on Dec. 8, 1999 a jury in Memphis, Tenn. finds that he was assassinated by a conspiracy that incl. U.S. govt. agencies; "Our scientific power has outrun our spiritual power. We have guided missiles and misguided men"; "The time is always right to do what is right"; "Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about the things that matter"; "The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice"; "If you want to say that I was a drum major, say that I was a drum major for justice"; "Never forget that everything Hitler did in Germany was legal"; "The Church was not merely a thermometer that recorded the ideas and principles of popular opinion; it was a thermostat that transformed the mores of society"; "Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hatred cannot drive out hatred, only love can do that"; "I submit to you that if a man hasn't discovered something he will die for, he isn't fit to live"; "He who passively accepts evil is as much involved in it as he who helps to perpetrate it. He who accepts evil without protesting against it is really cooperating with it"; "I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws"; "Communism forgets that life is individual. Capitalism forgets that life is social, and the kingdom of brotherhood is found neither in the thesis of communism nor the antithesis of capitalism but in a higher synthesis. It is found in a higher synthesis that combines the truths of both"; "Now is the time to lift our national policy from the quicksand of racial injustice to the solid rock of human dignity." Congolese Simba rebel leader Pierre Mulele (b. 1929) on Oct. 3 (Oct. 9?) in Kinshasa (tortured and executed). Am. "The Rebel" actor Nick Adams (b. 1931) on Feb. 7 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (OD). Soviet cosmonaut (first man to orbit the Earth) Yuri A. Gagarin (b. 1934) on Mar. 27 in Kirzhach (near Moscow) (plane crash) (co-pilot also killed); despite lobbying for dissidents, his ashes are interred in a niche in the Kremlin wall, and his birth town of Gzhatsk is renamed Gagarin. Scottish auto racer Jimmy Clark (b. 1936) on Apr. 7 in Hockenheim, Germany (killed in a Formula 2 race). British auto racer Mike Spence (b. 1936) on May 7 in Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Ind.; dies in a Lotus 56 gas turine car during practice 1 week before the Indy 500 - bit the brick? Am. child actor Bobby Driscoll (b. 1937) on Mar. 30 in New York City; found dead in a tenement in East Village after becoming a drug addict, and buried as a John Doe. Mexican tennis player Rafael Osuna (b. 1938) on June 4 near Monterrey (plane crash). Am. "Why Do Fools Fall in Love"" singer Frankie Lymon (b. 1942) on Feb. 28 in Harlem, N.Y. (heroin OD). Am. Black Panther Party member Bobby Hutton (b. 1950) on Apr. 6 in West Oakland, Calif.
1969 Doomsday Clock: 10 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Rooster (Chicken) (Feb. 17) - Rooster Cogburn? Time Man (People) of the Year: The Middle Americans (cover features a symbolic couple). U.S. pop.: 200M (Feb. 5). U.S. troops in Vietnam at start of year: 537K; small forces are sent by Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, Philippines, and South Korea (50K). The U.S. economy employs a record number of workers, with the lowest unemployment in 15 years, a prime interest rate of 7%, a strong dollar, and a Dow Jones Industrial Avg. rising above 1K for the first time; meanwhile Italy's "economic miracle" postwar recovery grinds to a stop as the trade union movement finally wins major pay raises without productivity increases; 43% of U.S. women over age 16 and 41% of all married women are in the labor force, up from 34% and 31% in 1960. This year 7.5K women file sex discrimination charges with the U.S. EEOC under Title VII, causing the U.S. Justice dept. to file its first-ever sex discrimination suit against Libby-Owens and its AFL-CIO union United Glass and Ceramic Workers of North Am., which is settled in the women's favor next year. In Jan. Hong Kong flu reaches epidemic proportions. In Jan. the U.S. Dept. of Justice files an antitrust suit against IBM, becoming the last official act of the Johnson admin. In Jan. heavy rains in Calif. in burned-out areas above Glendora, Calif. produce Calif. mudslides, which destroy or damage 10K homes and kill 100. On Jan. 1 (Wed.) Australian media baron Rupert Murdoch (1931-) purchases the #1-selling British Sunday newspaper The News of the World after a bitter fight with Czech-born Jewish British media mogul Ian Robert Maxwell (Jan Ludvik Hyman Binyamin Hoch) (1923-91), who accuses him of using "the laws of the jungle"; later in the year he purchases the money-losing daily Sun, converts it to the tabloid format Daily Herald on Nov. 17, and shocks the former owners by printing the daily topless "Sun Lovely" on page three. On Jan. 1 undefeated Ohio State defeats undefeated USC by 27-16 to win the 1969 Rose Bowl; first time with two unbeaten teams; 1968 USC Heisman Trophy winner Orenthal James "O.J." Simpson (1947-) ("the Juice") rushes for 171 yards and an 80-yard TD run, but it is spoiled by five turnovers incl. a fumble by Simpson. On Jan. 1 a new system of govt. takes effect in chastized Czech. On Jan. 1 the People's Democracy March in Northern Ireland, a 4-day MLK-style protest march from Belfast to Derry begins; too bad, on Jan. 5 after leaving Claudy they are ambushed by a loyalist mob at Burntollet Bridge 7 mi. from Derry, becoming known as the 1969 Derry Riots, leaving 100 injured; more riots occur in Derry and Newry on Jan. 11; on Jan. 15 PM Terence O'Neill announces an official inquiry. On Jan. 2 a revolt breaks out along the Brazil-Guyana border in an attempt to set up a separate state in Rapunini in SW Guyana; it is quashed by Jan. 4. On Jan. 2 Soviet Sport calls Emile Zapotek a public enemy. On Jan. 2 two Americans hijack a DC-8 from New York City to Cuba. The public dumped the Dems., but puts the Repubs. on a short leash with an all-Democratic Congress? On Jan. 3 the 91st U.S. Congress meets (ends Jan. 3, 1971), with the Dems. having a 57-43 majority in the House and a 243-192 majority in the Senate; John William McCormack (D.-Mass.) is House Speaker for a 5th term (1962-71); Mike Joseph Mansfield (1903-2001) (D-Mont.) continues as Senate majority leader (1961-77), and Everett McKinley Dirksen (1896-1969) (R-Ill.) is Senate minority leader until he dies on Sept. 7, and is replaced by liberal Hugh Doggett Scott Jr. (1900-94) (R-Penn.), who becomes Senate minority leader (until Jan. 3, 1977), while Robert Paul Griffin (1923-) (R-Mich.) becomes Senate minority whip (until 1977); Dem. Mass. Sen. (since 1962) Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (1932-2009) (D-Mass.) becomes Senate majority whip (until 1971); Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (1913-2006) (R-Mich.) continues as House minority leader (1965-73), and Leslie Cornelius Arends (1895-1985) (R.-Ill.) continues as House minority whip (1955-75); Carl Bert Albert (1908-2000) (D-Okla.) continues as House majority leader (1961-71), and LBJ's Great Society go-to man (member of the Warren Commission) Thomas Hale Boggs Sr. (1914-72) (D-La.) continues as House majority whip (1961-71). On Jan. 3 the U.S. House votes to reseat Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (D-N.Y.), who was ousted in Mar. 1967 for misuse of office; liberal Repub. Sen. Charles McCurdy "Mac" Mathias Jr. (1922-2010) becomes U.S. Sen. from Md. (until Jan. 3, 1987), going on to join fellow liberal Repub. Hugh Scott of Penn. in threatening a "rebellion" unless the Nixon admin. works harder to protect African-Am. rights, vote against Nixon Supreme Court nominees Clement Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell, and become the first Repub. on Ted Kennedy's Senate judiciary subcommittee, supporting investigation of the Watergate Scandal ahead of other Repubs. On Jan. 3 30K copies of the Nov. 29, 1968 John Lennon-Yoko Ono debut album Two Virgins are confiscated by police in Newark, N.J., claiming that the nude cover photo violates their obscenity laws - not because they're naked, but because they're so ugly? On Jan. 4 Spain agrees to return Ifni Province to Morocco by June 30 in a treaty signed in Fez. Well chapp my hide, here cums another Kennedy? On Jan. 4 Sen. Edward "Ted" Kennedy (D-Mass.) defeats 20-year veteran (since 1948) Russell B. Long of La. after only 6 years tenure to become asst. majority leader; for the next 7 mo. he has to wear shades his future is so bright? - maybe the middle name Billiu had something to do with it? On Jan. 4 France begins an arms embargo against Israel. On Jan. 5 pres.-elect Nixon appoints Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. as U.S. negotiator at the Paris Peace Talks, effective Jan. 20. On Jan. 5 Lebanese PM Abdulla Yafi resigns over the Israeli attack on the Beirut Internat. Airport in Dec.; Pres. Charles Helou directs former PM Rashid Karami to form a new govt. On Jan. 5 the Soviet Union launches the Venera 5 on a mission to Venus, followed by Venera 6 on Jan. 10. On Jan. 7 the trial of Sirhan B. Sirhan for the assassination of Sen. Robert F. Kennedy opens in Los Angeles; on Apr. 17 he is found guilty of first degree murder, and on Apr. 23 sentenced to the gas chamber. On Jan. 7 Damiya Bridge, the only link between Jordan's East Bank and the Israeli-occupied West Bank is blown up during a 2-hour gun battle. On Jan. 7 the U.S. Congress doubles the president's salary to $200K (first salary raise since 1949), and Pres. Johnson signs it on Jan. 18. On Jan. 9 the Smithsonian Inst. begins displaying the works of Winslow Homer for six weeks. On Jan. 9 21-y.-o. Purdue U. student Ronald Bohle (1947-) hijacks a Boeing 727 from Miami, Fla. to Cuba; after +returning to the U.S. on Nov. 1, 1969, he is sentenced to 20 years on July 6, 1972. On Jan. 10 Sweden becomes the first Western nation to recognize North Vietnam. On Jan. 1 a man hijacks a Boeing 727 from Jacksonville, Fla. to Cuba; after returning on May 5, 1969, he gets off on temporary insanity. On Jan. 12 Super Bowl III (3) ("biggest upset in NFL history") is held in Miami, Fla.; the 18-point underdog New York Jets (AFL) shock the 13-1 Baltimore Colts (NFL) (who skunked the Cleveland Browns 34-0 in the NFL title game) 16-7, and make shaggy, mustachioed, swinging single Jets MVP QB (#12) Joseph William "Broadway Joe" "Joe Willie" Namath (1943-) (born in Beaver Falls, Penn.) (who boldly predicted a win in advance) into a celeb on a par with rock stars after he passes for 206 yards and holds his right index finger aloft while leaving the field; later in the year he is snubbed for Johnny Unitas for NFL greatest QB of all time; the V is a vindication for Jets coach Wilbur "Weeb" Ewbank (1907-98), who was fired from the Baltimore Colts in 1962 and hired in 1963 to build the new revamped New York Titans franchise up; on June 6 Joe Namath resigns from the NFL after commissioner Pete Rozelle tells him he must sell his stake in a bar - what have you been up to, Mr. Moneybags? On Jan. 13 a man attempts to hijack a Convair 880 from Detroit, Mich. to Cuba and is foiled; on July 31 he is sentenced to 15 years. On Jan. 14 LBJ's Sixth State of the Union Address (last) contains the soundbyte: "Every president lives, not only with what is, but with what has been and what could be" - no apology for knocking off JFK? On Jan. 14 liberal Sen. (since 1964) Fred Roy Harris (1930-) of Okla. succeeds Lawrence F. O'Brien as chmn. of the Dem. Nat. Committee (until 1970). On Jan. 14 the 8-nuclear-reactor aircraft carrier (world's largest warship) USS Enterprise is ripped by weapons explosions while on a training mission off Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, setting a fire on the stern and killing 28 and injuring 314, destroying 15 aircraft and costing $126M - the original Kobayashi Maru dilemma? We can't deliver the Moon, but we can put on an acrobatics show? On Jan. 14 the Soviet Union launches Soyuz 4 carrying cosmonaut Vladimir Alexandrovich Shatalov (1927-); on Jan. 15 it launches Soyuz 5, carrying Boris Valentinovich Volynov (1934-), Alexei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev (1943-), and Yevgeni Vassilyevich Khrunov (1933-2000); on Jan. 16 the first space-docking of two spacecraft (Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5) takes place in space, followed by the first space crew transfer in Earth orbit, to Soyuz 4; Soyuz 5 lands on Jan. 17. On Jan. 16 ten paintings are defaced in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art (MoMA). On Jan. 16 21-y.-o. Prague student Jan Palach (b. 1948) sets himself on fire in Prague's Wenceslas Square to protest Soviet repression, and dies on Jan. 19, sparking demonstrations; on Jan. 25 a silent crowd of 500K fills the streets of Prague for his funeral, and he becomes a martyr. On Jan. 17 a man from the Dominican Repub. hijacks a DC-8 from New York City to Cuba. On Jan. 18 a state of siege is declared in Bolivia after a plot to overthrow pres. Rene Barrientos Ortuno is allegedly discovered; on Apr. 27 he is killed in a heli crash near Arque, Cochabamba, and on Apr. 27 vice-pres. Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas (1925-2005) succeeds him as Bolivian pres. #59; on Sept. 26 a military junta overthrows Salinas, and armed forces CIC Gen. Alfredo Ovando Candia (1918-82) becomes the new pres. (until Oct. 6, 1970), relieving pressure by releasing political prisoners, withdrawing troops from the mines, and rescinding restrictions on trade unions; on Oct. 17 he nationalizes U.S.-owned Gulf Oil, revoking the 1956 Davenport Code, becoming the 2nd nationalization since Standard Oil in 1936. On Jan. 18 Pete Best wins his defamation suit against the Beatles, but settles for less than the $8M he sought. The Sock It to Me President get what he asks for? On Jan. 20 Richard "Tricky Dicky" "King Richard" Milhous Nixon (1913-94) becomes the 37th U.S. pres. (until 1974) (2nd Quaker after Hoover, and neither of them last 8 years?) in the 54th U.S. Pres. Inaguration in Washington, D.C.; 3rd pres. to be elected for a 2nd term and not finish (Lincoln, McKinley); his wife Pat Nixon swears him in on a family Bible; Spiro Theodore "Ted" Agnew (1918-96) becomes the 39th U.S. vice-pres. (until Oct. 10, 1973); Nixon's First Inaugural Address contains the soundbyte: "We have endured a long night of the American spirit. But as our eyes catch the dimness of the first rays of dawn, let us not curse the remaining dark. Let us gather the light. Our destiny offers, not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity. So let us seize it, not in fear, but in gladness, and, riders on the Earth together, let us go forward, firm in our faith, steadfast in our purpose, cautious of the dangers, but sustained by our confidence in the will of God and the promise of man"; First Lady is Thelma Catherine Patricia "Pat" Ryan Nixon (1912-93) (Secret Service codename: Starlight) (a smoker); the Nixons used to have a pet cocker spaniel named Checkers (1952-64), who woulda been First Dog; Nixon becomes known for raising his arms in a giant V sign with his first two fingers extended from closed fists in small V signs; a Gallup Poll finds that he's the most admired American; the Paris Peace talks begin negotiating full withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam; on Jan. 22 the new cabinet is sworn in, incl. Neb.-born Melvin Robert Laird (1922-) as defense secy. (until 1973) (who coins the term "Vietnamization"), William Pierce Rogers (1913-2001) as sec. of state (until Sept. 3, 1973), Nixon's campaign mgr. John Newton Mitchell (1913-88) (JFK's WWII PT boat unit cmdr.) as U.S. atty.-gen. #67 (until 1972), issuing the soundbyte "Watch what we do, not what we say", and U. of Neb. chancellor Clifford Morris Hardin (1915-) as agriculture secy. (until 1971); on Jan. 22 construction magnate Winton Malcolm "Red" Blount Jr. (1921-2002) becomes U.S. postmaster-gen. #59 (until Jan. 1, 1972), running into a giant postal strike next Mar.; Senate delay causes Alaska gov. #2 (since 1966) Walter Joseph "Wally" Hickel (1919-2010) to be sworn-in as interior secy. #38 on Jan. 25 (until Nov. 25, 1970), becoming a strong environmentalist, demanding controls of the Alaskan oil industry and offshore oil rigs; 29-y.-o. former Jungle Cruise skipper at Disneyland (a non-journalist) (non-Jew, sorry) Ronald Louis Ziegler (1939-2003) becomes White House press secy. (until 1974), youngest ever; Jewish TV Guide pub. Walter Hubert Annenberg (1908-2002) sells the Philadelphia Inquirer and Phila. Daily News to Knight Newspapers for $55M, and is appointed U.S. ambassador to Britain, becoming so popular that they knight him; Pres. Reagan later appoints his wife Leonore Cohn "Lee" Annenberg (1918-2009) as State Dept. chief of protocol; Nelson Rockefeller backer Henry Kissinger claims to meet Nixon for the first time after he becomes pres., which doesn't stop his enemies from claiming he was maneuvering to become nat. security adviser all along; Nixon flops on U.S. policy toward the French nuclear program, deciding to help it to sow divisions in Europe by skirting U.S. law; Ill. rep. (since Jan. 3, 1961) John Bayard Anderson (1922-2017), who broke with conservative Repubs. last year by voting to end racial discrimination in housing becomes chm. of the House Repub. Conference (until June 8, 1979), going on to criticize Nixon for his Vietnam War policies and become one of the first Repubs. to call for his resignation over the Watergate scandal. On Jan. 22 NASA launches Orbiting Solar Observatory 5; retired in July 1975. On Jan. 22 The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour debuts on CBS-TV for 68 episodes (until June 13, 1972). On Jan. 23 after being appointed by Pres. Nixon, Watertown, N.Y.-born Dem. diplomat Charles Woodruff Yost (1907-81) (ambassador to Thailand in 1946, Laos in 1954-6, Syria in 1958, and Morocco in 1958-61) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #9 (until Feb. 25, 1971), resigning to concentrate on writing, visiting Red China in 1973 and 1977 and becoming co-chmn. of Americans for Salt II in 1979. On Jan. 24 citing civil unrest, Franco's govt. declares a "state of exception" and suspends five articles of the constitution, then closes the U. of Madrid and arrests 300+ students. On Jan. 24 queen (since 1948) Juliana (1909-2004) of the Netherlands is made an honorary citizen of Addis Ababa. On Jan. 24 a 19-y.-o. U.S. Navy deserter who didn't want to go to Vietnam hijacks a Boeing 727 from Key West, Fla. to Cuba. On Jan. 25 U.S.-North Vietnamese peace talks begin in Paris. On Jan. 26 two weeks of riots and strikes in Colombia caused by bus fare and electricity rate hikes end after six are killed, 20 injured, and 200 arrested as the govt. and striking unions reach a settlement. On Jan. 27 Iraq hangs 14 Iraqis (incl. nine Jews) in Baghdad and Basra for spying for Israel. On Jan. 27 hardline Protestant Northern Ireland leader Rev. Ian Richard Kyle Paisley (1926-2014), leader of the loyalist opposition to the Roman Catholic civil rights movement in Northern Ireland is jailed for 3 mo. for illegal assembly, going on to help instigate the Troubles after taking Terence O'Neill's parliament seat. On Jan. 27 the new 100K KVA Hetch Hetchy Moccasin Powerhouse run by the city of San Francisco, Calif. is placed in operation, and on Feb. 7 the original one (opened in 1921) is removed from service. On Jan. 28 Peru nationalizes all properties belonging to the Internat. Petroleum Co. (IPC) (subsidiary of Standard Oil of N.J.), claiming they owe them $690M; after squabbles with the U.S., Peru keeps them, turning them over to the new Petroleos Peruanas agency in Aug. On Jan. 28 two prison escapees hijack a DC-8 from Los Angeles, Calif. to Cuba. On Jan. 29 an offshore Union Oil Co. oil well blowout in the Santa Barbara Channel of Calif. leaks 11M gal. of crude oil and causes an 800-sq.-mi. oil slick, then covers a 30-mi. stretch of shoreline with 235K gal. of oil; the blowout is capped on Feb. 18; the platforms continue leaking for years, killing fish and wildlife, pumping up the Calif. environmental movement. On Jan. 30 after releasing their Yellow Submarine album (#10) on Jan. 17, the Beatles give their last public performance on the roof of Apple Records in London, stopping traffic on the street while they make a great video of Get Back (the first single release in true stereo in the U.S.) (originally a response to Enoch Powell's Apr. 20, 1968 Rivers of Blood Speech, with an early version having the line "Don't dig no Pakistanis taking all the people's jobs"); black Houston, Tex.-born Afro-wearing "5th Beatle" organist William Evertt "Billy" Preston (1946-2006) (hired on Jan. 22) accompanies them; the London bobbies end up shutting them down in the middle of "Let It Be"; on Sept. 26 Preston releases the album That's the Way God Planned It on the Apple label, featuring the track That's the Way God Planned It. On Jan. 31 Allan Sheffield hijacks a DC-8 from San Francisco, Calif. to Cuba, saying that he is "tired of TV dinners and tired of seeing people starve in the world". In Jan. Yugoslavia passes a new electoral law permitting voters to propose their own candidates not on the official party list - though nobody guarantees they'll be around to vote for them? In Jan. Pres. Nixon tells aide Egil "Bud" Krogh Jr. (1939-) to reduce crime in the District of Columbia; in Aug. U.S. physician Robert L. Dupont reports that 44% of those arrested test positive for heroin, and favors treatment of felons with methadone, causing 10K U.S. addicts to be put on it by next year, despite fears about it also being addictive; burglaries in D.C. fall sharply by May of next year, but heroin addiction is not stopped. In Jan. the Direct Action Committee, composed of eight center-right parties is formed in Pakistan under Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan (1918-2003), demanding release of political prisoners and a return to parliamentary govt., causing pres. Gen. Ayub Khan to announce on Feb. 21 that he will not run for reelection, triggering widespread strikes and student riots. In Jan. the Nat. Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (Mobe), weakened by its leader Dave Dellinger being one of the Chicago Seven, demonstrates at Nixon's inauguration, then is kicked out of its HQ at 5 Beekman St. in New York City and moves to Washington, D.C. and changes its name to New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam. On Feb. 2-3 Indian political leader and journalist (PM of Madras State since, 1967, which he renamed Tamil Nadu) C.N. (Conjeevaram Natarajan) Annadurai (AKA Anna) (b. 1909) dies in Madras of oral cancer from inhaling snuff tobacco; on Feb. 3 six mourners die in a stampede when his body lies in state at the city's Ragji Hall, and on Feb. 4 3M attend his funeral, and 28 are killed en route when they are struck by bridge girders while riding atop a packed train. On Feb. 3 anti-Portuguese Mozambique Liberation Front leader (since Sept. 1962) Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane (b. 1920) is assassinated in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania by a book bomb, and Marxist Samora Moises Machel (1933-86) succeeds as head of FRELIMO, veering it more to the left. On Feb. 3 Yasser Arafat of Fatah is appointed head of the Palestine Liberation Org. (PLO) (until 2004) by the Palestinian Nat. Congress in Cairo, and the major Arab nations agree to subsidize him - that car will follow you everywhere? On Feb. 3 two Cubans hijack a Boeing 727 from Newark, N.J. to Cuba. On Feb. 4 after growing dissatisfied with super-smart Beatles Am. atty. Allen Klein (1931-) (son of Hungarian Jewish immigrants) (motto: "Though I walk in the shadow of the valley of evil, I have no fear, as I am the biggest bastard in the valley"), Paul McCarthy hires the firm of Eastman and Eastman, run by Lee Eastman (Leopold Vail Epstein) (1910-91), which goes on to successfully sue the Beatles to dissolve their partnership; on Feb. 8 George Harrison has his tonsils removed at Univ. College Hospital in London after he neglects an infected molar. On Feb. 5 Kai-Uwe von Hassel (1913-97) from Schleswig-Holstein is elected pres. of the West German Bundestag (until 1972), succeeding Eugen Gerstenmaier. On Feb. 5 a huge oil slick off the coast of Santa Barbara, Calif. closes the city's harbor. On Feb. 5 ABC-TV debuts Turn-On, a gag show created by "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" producers Ed Friendly and George Schlatter, and guest-hosted by Tim Conway, allegedly generated by a computer with white backgrounds and a blizzard of risque leftist gay-friendly jokes such as "The Amsterdam Levee is a dike", "Where is the capital of South Vietnam? Mostly over here in Swiss bank accounts", and "Citizens Action Committee of America" (CACA); after KBTV in Denver, Colo. and WEWS in Cleveland, Ohio cut it off after 10 min. (first commercial break), and rumors float that it is going to show full frontal nudity, it is canceled after one episode - along with the entire program of the 1960s? On Feb. 6 by a 1,739-4 vote the Repub. of Anguilla (which can't get along with the neighboring island of St. Kitts, where the nominal British govt. is) is proclaimed under leader Ronald Webster (1926-); too bad, on Mar. 19 100 British paratroopers and 40 London bobbies arrive in a battleship to restore British rule, causing Webster to hide in the bush, allowing the Brits to restore commissioner Anthony Lee in a bloodless coup, then pacify the island with subsidies and amnesties; on Sept. 15 it is reunited with St. Kitts-Nevis. On Feb. 7-11 rioting in Bombay, India over a border dispute between the states of Mysore and Maharashtra kills 43. On Feb. 7 the variety show This is Tom Jones debuts on ABC-TV (until Sept. 4, 1971); guests on the first episode incl. The Moody Blues, Joey Heatherton, and Mary Hopkin. On Feb. 8 after a game-fixing libel suit by U. of Ala. coach Paul "Bear" Bryant (1919-83) over a 1969 article that is taken all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court results in a $3M damage award, the weekly Saturday Evening Post (founded 1821) pub. its last issue, dated Jan. 10 (50 cents) (vol. 242, #3), suspending pub. after 148 years; the cover story is "Anybody Want to Buy Chicago?"; it resumes in summer 1971 as a bimonthly, with a circ. of 500K. On Feb. 8 (1:05 a.m.) a 1-ton meteorite falls in Pueblito de Allende in Chihuahua, Mexico. On Feb. 9 Tacomsat (Tactical Communications Satellite) (world's largest comm. sat) is launched from Cape Kennedy, Fla. On Feb. 9 the Boeing 747 the world's first jumbo jet (world's largest airplane, twice as large as previous airliners), designed by Joseph F. "Joe" Sutter (1921-2016) makes its first test flight; on Dec. 2 it makes its public preview flight from Seattle to New York City carrying 191 passengers, mainly reporters; in 1966 Pan Am places an order for 25 of them, causing the other carriers incl. United Airlines, British Airways, British Airways, and KLM to follow suit; too bad, they carry from 342-490 passengers, and when they are full the terminal facilities are saturated, while most of the time they are full of empty seats, causing them to end up becoming unprofitable. On Feb. 9 The Pop Chronicles begins airing on KRLA-AM Los Angeles, giving the history of pop from the 1940s to present; on Feb. 21-23 rival KHJ-FM 93 Los Angeles airs the 48-hour series The History of Rock and Roll, which bills itself as "modern music's first rockumentary", and goes into syndication. On Feb. 10 Sir Paul Meerna Caedwalla Hasluck (1905-93) succeeds Lord Richard Gardiner Casey as gov.-gen. #17 of Australia (until 1974) - erin go bragh? On Feb. 10 a Cuban expatriate hijacks a DC-8 from Atlanta, Ga. to Cuba. On Feb. 10-12 a federal-provincial conference in Canada over the allocation of revenues features an anti-racism protest by students occupying the computer center of Sir George Williams U. in Montreal, at which 90 students (41 black) are arrested. On Feb. 11 Thailand holds its first nat. election in 11 years, and the ruling United Thai People's Party led by PM Thanom Kittikachorn wins a majority in the House of Reps. On Feb. 13 FLQ terrorists bomb the Montreal Stock Exchange in Canada. On Feb. 14 the New York dock strike (longest in the history of the Port of New York) ends after 57 days. On Feb. 14 Peru seizes a U.S. tuna boat on seas regarded by the U.S. as internat. waters, causing a temporary halt of U.S. military aid; the ban is lifted after Peru agrees to discuss matters. On Feb. 14 the U.S. Congress, Supreme Court justices, and other top federal officials get a 41% pay increase. On Feb. 15 Fla. hairstylist Vickie Jones is arrested for impersonating Aretha Franklin at a concert performance in Ft. Meyers, Fla., although nobody asks for their money back. On Feb. 17 the Soviet Union and Peru sign their first trade accord. On Feb. 18 four Arab guerrillas attack an Israeli El Al Boeing 707 airliner during a stopover in Zurich, killing a pilot and three passengers; one guerrilla is killed. On Feb. 18 Smokenders is founded by housewife Jacquelyn (Mrs. Jon) Rogers (1924-), starting with 23 members and growing to 100K in the 1970s, using AA and Weight Watcher techniques to try to quit smoking. On Feb. 18 British singer Lulu marries Australian Bee Gee's singer Maurice Gibb. On Feb. 23-Mar. 2 Pres. Nixon visits Europe (Brussels, London, Bonn, West Berlin, Rome, Paris, Vatican City). On Feb. 24 PM Terence O'Neill defeats Protestant extremist leader Ian Paisley, but fails to receive a mandate for his civil rights reform program, and on Apr. 28 announces his intended resignation as PM and head of the Unionist Party. On Feb. 24 the Mariner 6 spacecraft is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 5-mo. journey to Mars. On Feb. 24 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District that students have a First Amendment right to express opinions at odds with the govt., incl. wearing an armband protesting the Vietnam War, with the soundbyte: "It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate", declaring that schools "must be able to show that [their] action was caused by something more than a mere desire to avoid the discomfort and unpleasantness that always accompany an unpopular viewpoint", but that they may forbid conduct that would "materially and substantially interfere with the requirements of appropriate discipline in the operation of the school" - speaking truth to power? On Feb. 25 future Neb. Dem. gov. (1983-7) and U.S. Sen. (1989-2001) Joseph Robert "Bob" Kerrey (1944-) takes part in a Navy SEAL raid in the Mekong Delta which murders over a dozen women, children, and old men in the village of Thanh Phong S of Saigon, and is covered-up, with Kerrey awarded a Bronze Star for "heroic achievement" for killing 21 Viet Cong, burning two hooches, and capturing two enemy weapons; in Mar. he returns to Thanh Phong and takes prisoners instead of massacring people, which backfires as Viet Cong begin firing, and a grenade lands on his foot, causing half of his right leg to be amputated, for which he receives a Medal of Honor; the war hero runs for U.S. pres. in 1992, and is silent until confronted by a reporter in 1998, then breaks the story in May 2001, along with fellow SEAL Gerhard Klann; the raid was sponsored by the CIA as part of operation Contre Coup? On Feb. 25 a man hijacks a DC-8 from Atlanta, Ga. to Cuba; after surrendering to U.S. authorities in Prague, Czech. in Sept., he is sentenced to life in prison on July 7, 1970. On Feb. 25 Britain records 28,859 abortions in the past 10 mo., growing to 1K per week in England and Wales by late July; the govt. pays 60% of the cost - just say it? On Feb. 25 the Doors hold their Rock is Dead Jam Session, then on Mar. 1 drug-and-alcohol soused rock-and-roll Christ slash Indian shaman male skank Jim Morrison (1943-71) pretends to expose himself with a shirt trick in front of 6.9K at Dinner Key Auditorium in Miami, Fla., causing many to think they saw it, after which the pigs bust him for profanity and obscenity, causing their gigs to be canceled all over the U.S. (19 cities); on Sept. 20, 1970 a jury finds him guilty and he gets 8 mo. - you don't wanna ride the snake? On Feb. 26 an army coup in 80% Sunni Syria against pres. Nureddin al-Atassi led by Shiite Alawite defense minister Lt. Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000) aligns the country more strongly with the U.A.R. and Iraq against Israel, and is later called the "Corrective Revolution" of 1969-70. On Feb. 26 Md. Rep. Rogers Clark Ballard Morton (1914-79) is named to succeed Ray C. Bliss as chmn. of the Repub. Nat. Committee starting in Apr. (until Jan. 1971). On Feb. 26 Israeli PM (since 1963) Levi Eshkol (b. 1895) dies from a heart attack in Jerusalem, and deputy PM Yigal Allon (1918-80) heads an interim govt.; on Mar. 17 ex-Milwaukee, Wisc. schoolteacher, labor minister, and foreign minister (1956-66)Golda Meir (1898-1978) of the Labor Party becomes the world's 2nd female PM and 1st female PM of Israel when she is appointed on an interim basis as Israeli PM #4 (until 1974); too bad, the ultra-orthodox Agudat Israel Party, which does not allow its men to "look at strange women" stirs up trouble, and her party only controls 63 of 120 Knesset seats, limiting her freedom to negotiate with the Arabs; on Oct. 28 her party loses five seats to the ultra-nationalistic Gahal Party, forcing her to form a coalition govt., which wins a 90-10 vote of confidence in mid-Dec. In Feb. Panama abolishes all political parties. On Mar. 1 two years after being arrested by New Orleans district atty. Jim Garrison, gay "import-export" (Internat. Trade Mart founder) businessman Clay Laverne Shaw (1913-74) of New Orleans, La. is acquitted of conspiring to assassinate JFK, becoming the only person tried for it (until ?); in 1979 former CIA dir. Richard Helms admits under oath that Shaw had contact with the CIA, contradicting Shaw's testimony at the trial - uh, the coverup is complete? On Mar. 2 large numbers of Soviet and Chinese troops battle along their border on the Ussuri River, provoking demonstrations in Beijing and Moscow; in Mar. Soviet troops near Damansky Island are ambushed by the Chinese, causing the Soviets to start reinforcing their border with more guards; border clashes along the Ussuri River end in both sides agreeing to high level talks in Beijing in Oct. On Mar. 2 South Vietnam begins its first election since 1956 for 3.5K village councils and 2,882 hamlet chiefs. On Mar. 2 the turbojet-powered supersonic Mach 2.0 Anglo-French Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde makes its first test flight from Toulouse, followed by a test flight from an RAF base at Fairford, Gloucestershire on Apr. 9, and its first supersonic flight on Oct. 1; French food journalist Henri Gault (1929-2000) first uses the term "nouvelle cuisine" for low-cal haute cuisine food prepared by French chef (from Lyon) (pupil of Fernand Point) Paul Bocuse (1926-) et al. for the Concorde's maiden flight? On Mar. 3 Apollo 9, the 3rd manned Apollo mission, carrying Air Force Col. James Alton McDivitt (1929-), Air Force Col. David Randolph Scott (1932-), and civilian Russell Louis "Rusty" Schweickart (1935-) blasts off from Cape Kennedy to test the Lunar Module with the first manned Apollo undocking, and returns on Mar. 13 after the crew sings "Happy Birthday" in space. On Mar. 3 the U.S. Navy establishes the Top Gun Fighter Weapons School for elite pilots of fighter jets after it realizes that it is losing one fighter jet for every three enemy jets shot down in Vietnam. On Mar. 3 Sirhan Sirhan admits in court in Los Angeles that he killed RFK - you're a lone gunman? On Mar. 5 Social Dem. Gustav Heinemann (1899-1976) is elected to a 5-year term as pres. of West Germany in a narrow V over defense minister Gerhard Schroder in defiance of an East German ban, becoming the first Social Dem. pres. since the 1920s; he is sworn-in on July 1. On Mar. 6 Black Panther Tony Bryant (1939-99) hijacks a Nat. Airlines flight en route from New York City to Miami, Fla., and lands in Cuba; after being arrested in Cuba and spending 1.5 years in jail, he is pardoned in 1980, and pub. the book "Hijack" in 1984. On Mar. 8-9 heavy mortar fire across the Suez Canal kills Egyptian chief of staff (since 1967) Gen. Mohammad Abdel (Abdul) Moneim Riad (b. 1919) (cmdr. of Jordanian forces in the 1967 Six-Day War) along with several aides, and heavily damages oil refineries. On Mar. 9 women at Barnard College in N.Y. stage a "sleep-in", moving into dorm rooms vacated by male Columbia students in a bid to integrate the dorms, claiming it's more natural - than the lez thang? On Mar. 10 James Earl Ray is sentenced to 99 years after he pleads guilty to the murder of Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tenn.; he later recants. On Mar. 10 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 8-1 in Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham to strike down Birmingham Ordinance 1159 requiring a permit for a civil rights march because although "the Supreme Court of Alabama performed a remarkable job of plastic surgery upon the face of the ordinance" to disguise it as necessary for directing vehicular traffic, the circumstances showed that permits were denied to blacks to censor their expression of ideas; Justice John M. Harlan II recuses himself. On Mar. 11 Levi Strauss & Co. begins selling Bell-Bottomed Jeans, causing cattle-like U.S. consumers to go moo and stampede to buy these silly pants to go with their Beatle ankle boots? On Mar. 12 Beatle Paul McCartney marries New York photographer Linda Louise Eastman (1941-98) (son of his atty. Lee Eastman) in London; meanwhile George Harrison and his wife Pattie are arrested in England for hashish possession. On Mar. 13 the U.S. Senate ratifies the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. On Mar. 15-17 U.S. 82nd Airbone Div. paratroopers stage Yorktown Victor, the longest airborne assault in history, in exercises taking them from Ft. Bragg, N.C. to a target in the Iron Triangle 40 mi. SW of Saigon, Vietnam. On Mar. 16 a Venezuelan Viasa DC-9 jetliner crashes into a high tension wire and explodes after takeoff from Grano de Oro airpot in Maracaibo, Venezuela, killing 84 crew members and passengers plus 71 on the ground. On Mar. 16 Coretta Scott King becomes the first woman to speak from the pulpit of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. On Mar. 17 Czech. Communist Party leader Alexander Dubcek presides over the first meeting of the seven Warsaw Pact nations since the invasion in Aug. 1968. On Mar. 17 the Longhope, Orkney lifeboat T.G.B. in N Scotland is lost, along with the entire crew of eight. On Mar. 17 a man hijacks a flight from Atlanta, Ga. to Cuba, after which he returns to the U.S. on Nov. 1 and ends up in a mental institution on Feb. 1, 1972. On Mar. 18 after Pres. Nixon and Henry Kissinger devise the Madman Theory, that the U.S. is capable of anything in order to cow the North Vietnamese into peace negotiations, Operation Breakfast (Menu), the secret bombing of E Cambodia by U.S. B-52s under Joint Chiefs of Staff chmn. (1964-70) Gen. Earle Gilmore "Bus" Wheeler (1908-75), ordered by Pres. Nixon to stop the flow of Soviet arms and equipment to Vietnam begins; bombing Cambodia is an act of war requiring approval by the U.S. Congress? On Mar. 19 a 385m (1,265-ft.) TV mast in Emley Moor, England collapses because of icing. On Mar. 19 a man attempts to hijack a CV-880 from Dallas, Tex. to Cuba, and ends up in New Orleans, La., later getting off for insanity. On Mar. 20 John Lennon marries zany Japanese artist Yoko Ono (1933-) in Gibraltar, after which they drive from Paris to Amsterdam on their honeymoon, then on Mar. 25-31 spend a week in bed in Room 902 (Honeymoon Suite) of the Amsterdam Hilton, making a point of acting "like angels" (no sex, despite their recent nude "Two Virgins" album cover), with signs over the bed reading "Hair Peace" and "Bed Peace"; they then fly to Vienna, where they hold their Bagism Conference, claiming that by living inside bags people would no longer judge each other by their appearance; in Apr. Yoko sends acorns to world heads of state as a symbol of peace, which are univerally ignored; on May 24 after John is refused entry to the U.S. because of his 1968 marijuana conviction, they hold their Second Bed-In at the Sheraton Oceanus Hotel in the Bahamas, then leave because of the heat, and on May 26 they move to Rooms 1738 and 1742 of the Fairmont Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, Canada, holding a Bed-In for Peace on May 25-June 2; on June 2 after inviting Timothy Leary, Dick Gregory, Tommy Smothers, and Al Capp, they record Give Peace a Chance under the name Plastic Ono Band, becoming the first single solo by a Beatle; in Dec. they round out their decade-ending Messianic message with a billboard campaign in 11 cities, reading "War is Over! If You Want It - Happy Christmas from John and Yoko". On Mar. 20 a United Arab Ilyushin-18 crashes at Aswan Airport in Egypt, killing 87. On Mar. 24 Jordanian PM Bahjat Talhouni resigns, and King Hussein appoints foreign minister Abdel Monem Rifai to succeed him. She loves you, yahya? On Mar. 25 Pakistani pres. (since 1958) Gen. Mohammed Ayub Khan resigns in the face of nationwide chaos, and on Mar. 31 his protege, Army CIC (since Mar. 1966) Gen. Agha Mohammed (Muhammad) Yahya Khan (1917-80) (an ethnic Pashtun, organizer of the Pakistani Staff College in 1947, known for his bushy eyebrows) becomes the same old same old military pres. #3 of Pakistan (until Dec. 20, 1971), declaring martial law, and uttering the soundbyte "I will not tolerate disorder; let everyone return to his post"; on Nov. 28 he announces constitutional reforms to divide West Pakistan into provinces to give East Pakistan more relative power and lessen unrest in Bengal - the alley ayub and yahya con? On Mar. 26 PM Mohammed Ibrahim Egal and his Somalian Youth League win elections for the nat. assembly in Somalia, in which 25 are killed. On Mar. 26 the Soviets launch Meteor 1, the first of dozens of weather satellites. On Mar. 27 the Mariner 7 spacecraft is launched from Cape Kennedy to photograph Marilyn, er, Mars. On Mar. 28 after seeing his former vice-pres. Nixon become pres., former U.S. pres. (1953-61) Dwight D. Eisenhower (b. 1890) dies at age 78 of heart disease; his state funeral on Mar. 28-31 is attended by 55K, incl. reps. from 78 nations; he is interred on Apr. 2 in Abilene, Kan. On Mar. 27-31 (Palm Sun.) boxer-turned-activist Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales (1928-2005), leader of the Crusade for Justice convenes the first Nat. Chicano Liberation Youth Conference in his hometown of Denver, Colo., and later pub. El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan for the Chicanos (La Raza de Bronze), launching the Chicano Student Movement of Aztlan (M.E.Ch.A.) (Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan), which gringo critics claim is a breeding ground for separatists wishing to stage a reconquista (reconquest) of the SW U.S. and set up the muscle-pump nation of Aztlan. In Mar. Pres. Areco of Uruguay removes his emergency security restrictions of the previous year, but the Tupamaros guerrillas step up their actions, causing him to reimpose them on June 24; meanwhile wages fall to WWII levels and the govt. suppresses press freedom while stifling leftists, making the Tupamaros look like Robin Hoods? In Mar. actor Richard Burton buys his wife Elizabeth Taylor the 69.42 carat white Taylor-Burton Diamond for an estimated $1M; it is sold for $3M in 1979; he also buys her the La Peregrina (The Pilgrim) pearl, which she loses then finds again. In Mar. Wally Schirra Jr. leaves NASA and moves to Denver, Colo., becoming active in Repub. politics. On Apr. 1 a dock strike (the nation's longest) in Galveston and Houston, Tex. ends after 103 days. On Apr. 1 the Beach Boys sue Capitol Records for $2M in unpaid royalties, causing them to retaliate by deleting most of their titles from their catalog. On Apr. 2 Ghanian Nat. Liberation Council chmn. (govt. head) Lt. Gen. Joseph Arthur Ankrah (1915-92) (army CIC since 1966) admits to taking political contributions from a private co. and resigns, and is succeeded by brig gen. Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa (1936-79) (until 1970), who makes a big deal of being a farmer; on Aug. 22 the Second Repub. of Ghana is inaugurated (ends 1972), with a new 1969 Ghana Constitution supposed to be designed to prevent dictatorships, with a pres. commission headed by Afrifa; on Aug. 29 the Progress Party wins overwhelmingly in elections, and on Sept. 30 Ghana returns to civilian rule with Kofi Abrefa Busia (1913-78) as PM (until 1972). On Apr. 3 Canada announces a phased reduction of forces in Europe, on Sept. 19 setting it at 50%, and announcing an end to Canada's nuclear role by 1972. On Apr. 4-6 (Easter weekend) the Palm Springs Pop Festival in Calif. is attended by 5K, and features Eric Burdon and the Animals, The Doors, Canned Heat, Procul Harum, Ike and Tina Turner, Steve Miller, the Flying Burritos Brothers, the Jeff Beck Band featuring Rod Stewart, and the Paul Butterfield Blues Band; too bad, the Desert Sun calls it a "hippie invasion", and an antsy gas station owner shoots and kills a 16-y.-o. boy standing in the long line. On Apr. 7 Dr. Emilio Arenales Catalan, pres. of the U.N. Gen. Assembly dies in Guatemala City. On Apr. 7 the U.S. Supreme Court rules unanimously in Stanley v. Georgia that an anti-porno law in Ga. is unconstitutional, with Thurgood Marshall saying "If the First Amendment means anything, it means that a state has no business telling a man, sitting alone in his own house, what books he may read or what films he may watch"; the way is cleared for a super-giant porno industry that destroys the last vestige of traditional morality house by house? On Apr. 8 (noon) Univ. Hall at Harvard U. (main admin. bldg.) is seized by 300 students, mainly SDS members, causing Harvard U. pres. (since 1953) Nathan Marsh Pusey (1907-2001) to call the pigs on Apr. 9, who club the pussies, er, students, arresting 184 and injuring 45; the backlash causes Pusey to retire early in 1971 - I didn't want to seem a pusey? On Apr. 10 a coup d'etat in the Central African Repub. is foiled, and on Apr. 12 its leader, minister of health Alexandre Banza is executed. On Apr. 13 Brisbane Tramways in Queensland, Australia ends service after 84 years. On Apr. 15 a U.S. Navy EC-121 electronic intel plane is shot down in the Sea of Japan (East Sea) by North Korean MiGs, killing all 31 aboard; Pres. Nixon considers a plan to stage a nuclear strike in retaliation. On Apr. 14 the Ninth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (first since 1958) convenes, and adopts a new 1969 Chinese Constitution, ousting pres. (since 1959) Liu Shaoqi, and naming defense minister Lin Biao (Piao) (Yurong) (1907-71) as Mao's successor; too bad, he is killed during a coup, or while Mao is staging a coup on him - ask Mao Piao? On Apr. 14 the 41st Academy Awards, first held in the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles County Music Center awards the best picture Oscar for 1968 to Columbia Pictures' Oliver! (last musical to win until "Chicago" in 2002), along with best dir. to Sir Carol Reed; best actor goes to Cliff Robertson for Charly; best actress is shared by Katharine Hepburn for The Lion in Winter (her 3rd, a record - 1933, 1968) and Barbra Streisand for Funny Girl; best supporting actor goes to Jack Albertson for The Subject Was Roses, and best supporting actress to Ruth Gordon for MF-exploiting Rosemary's Baby; brother-sister Jane Fonda and Peter Fonda are nominated for best screenplay ("Easy Rider") and best actress ("They Shoot Horses, Don't They?"). On Apr. 17 Alexander Dubcek of Czech. is deposed under Soviet pressure by the Czech Communist Party Central Committee, and Gustav Husak is named first (gen.) secy. (until 1987), going on to reverse Dubcek's reforms and purge liberal party members under the banner of "a new federalism", uttering the 1971 soundbyte "In 1968 Socialism was in danger in Czechoslovakia, and the armed intervention helped to save it" - I got my mind right boss? On Apr. 16 Long John Silver's fast food restaurants is founded in Lexington, Ky. by Jerrico Inc., operator of Jerry's Restaurants, featuring Cape Cod-style bldgs. with blue roofs and square cupolas, laid out with wooden benches and tables, lobster pots, and ship's wheels, seats that look like nautical flags, wrought iron sword door handles, separate entrance and exit doors with dock-like walkways lined with pilings and thick ropes; in 2002 it is acquired by Yum! Brands, switching from Coca-Cola to Pepsi; in July 2013 the Center for Science in the Public Interest names its Big Catch meal the worst restaurant meal in the U.S., with 3.7g of sodium, 33 grams of trans fat, and 19 grams of saturated fat, causing the co. to announce in Jan. 2014 that it has eliminated trans fats; by 2015 it expands to 1.2K units. On Apr. 17 21-y.-o. Roman Catholic civil rights activist Bernadette Devlin (1948-) (student at Queen's U. in Belfast) is elected British MP for Mid-Ulster (one of 12 MPs from Northern Ireland), becoming the youngest MP since William Pitt the Younger in 1782, winning the hearts of the English Labour Party in her maiden speech on Apr. 23 at Westminster on her 22nd birthday, going on to organize Roman Catholic resistance in Londonderry, and reaching out to working class Protestants by claiming a class rather than religious struggle, while her nemesis Rev. Ian Paisley rallies Protestant militants, no Roman Catholics allowed. On Apr. 17 the $2.5K Ford Maverick compact car goes on sale at the behest of Ford pres. Lee Iacocca to compete with VW, priced at $1,995 vs. $1,799 for a VW Bug, causing GM to prepare to introduce its Chevrolet Camaro compact; the avg. U.S. car wholesales for $2,280, up from $1,880 in 1959. On Apr. 19 80 armed militant black students at Cornell U. in Ithaca, N.Y. take over Willard Straight Hall, demanding a black studies program; they walk out on Apr. 20 after 36 hours, some openly carrying rifles, and all leave the univ. after officials agree to drop disciplinary actions against five earlier involved in demanding a separate "black college". On Apr. 20 British troops arrive in Northern Ireland to reinforce the Royal Ulster Constabulary. On Apr. 20 the L.A. Free Festival is held in Venice, Calif., ending in a riot by the audience, with police arresting 117. On Apr. 22 British Merchant Navy Capt. Robin Knox-Johnson (1939-) becomes the first solo yachtsman to sail nonstop around the world as he returns to Falmouth, England after a 312-day, 29.5K-mi. voyage in a 32.4-ft. ketch. On Apr. 22 Nigerian federal troops capture Umuahia in SE Nigeria, admin. capital of Biafra; on Apr. 24 Biafran forces recapture the garrison city of Owerri, which had become the new capital; N Nigerian Muslims begin a jihad against Ibo and other Christians in S Nigeria. On Apr. 22 John Lennon legally changes his name from John Winston Lennon to John Winston Ono-Lennon. On Apr. 24 Lebanese PM Rashid Karami resigns over criticism of his restrictions of anti-Israeli guerrillas. On Apr. 27 French pres. Charles de Gaulle's constitutional reforms are defeated in a referendum, and on Apr. 28 he resigns after stating that he will serve out his term, and retires to his country place at Colombey-Les-Deux-Eglises near Champagne, where he lasts 18 mo. before croaking; on Apr. 28 Senate pres. (since Oct. 2, 1968) Alain Emile Louis Marie Poher (1909-96) succeeds him as interim pres. for 7 weeks (until June 20). On Apr. 29 Duke Ellington (1899-1974) celebrates his 70th birthday at the White House, where Pres. Nixon presents him with a Medal of Freedom; he takes to traveling with an electric piano so he won't disturb hotel guests? In Apr. the UAW and the Teamsters form the Alliance for Labor Action. On May 1 after moderate reformer Terence O'Neill resigns on Apr. 28 over a series of bomb explosions by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) on Belfast's water supply, Maj. James Dawson Chichester-Clark, Baron Moyola (1923-2002), who enjoys support from the Protestant right wing is elected to head the Ulster Unionist Party, becoming PM #5 of Northern Ireland (until Mar. 23, 1971, going on to top O'Neill's reforms, giving Catholics concessions in public housing and local elections; on May 10 O'Neill utters the soundbyte: On May 1 after Terence O'Neill resigns on Apr. 28 over a series of bomb explosions by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) on Belfast's water supply, Maj. James Dawson Chichester-Clark, Baron Moyola (1923-2002), who enjoys support from the Protestant right wing is elected to head the Ulster Unionist Party, becoming PM #5 of Northern Ireland (until Mar. 23, 1971), replacing moderate reformer Terence O'Neill; he ends up topping O'Neill's reforms, giving Catholics concessions in public housing and local elections; on May 10 O'Neill utters the soundbyte: "It is frightfully hard to explain to Protestants that if you give Roman Catholics a good job and a good house they will live like Protestants because they will see neighbours with cars and television sets; they will refuse to have eighteen children. But if a Roman Catholic is jobless, and lives in the most ghastly hovel he will rear eighteen children on National Assistance. If you treat Roman Catholics with due consideration and kindness they will live like Protestants in spite of the authoritative nature of their Church." On May 2 the Cunard liner QE II sails from Southampton, England to New York City on her maiden voyage. On May 2 Tex. Highway Patrol officer James Kenneth Crone (1941-2011) is kidnapped by recently paroled Robert "Bobby" Dent (1947-69) and Ila Fae Holiday (1948-92) and taken on a wild wide across S Tex. incl. Sugar Land, Tex., becoming the subject of Steven Spielberg's first feature film "The Sugarland Express" (1974). On May 3 Indian pres. (since May 13,1967) Zakir Hussain (b. 1897) dies in New Delhi (first Indian pres. to die in office), and on Aug. 16 Telugu-speaking vice-pres. (since 1967) V.V. (Varahagiri Venkata) Giri (1894-1980) (who was expelled from 1916 for becoming involved in Sinn Fein) becomes pres. of India (until 1974) by a narrow margin after backing by Indira Gandhi and the left wing of the Congress Party. On May 3 Am. rocker Jimi Hendrix is arrested at Toronto Internat. Airport for drug possession, and released on $10K bail. On May 5 Canadian Jean-Pierre Charrete and companion Alain Alard hijack a Boeing 727 from New York City to Cuba. On May 3-4 the Battle of Ben Het in the Central Highlands of South Vietnam is the first time since the Korean War that U.S. troops engage Commie tanks. On May 6 Navy secy. John H. Chafee refuses to authorize disciplinary action against officers and crew of the USS Pueblo, which was seized on Jan. 23, 1968 by North Korea. On May 8 North Vietnamese foreign minister Mme. Nguyen Thi Binh (1920-) announces a 10-Point Peace Program in Paris, actually a non-peace program calling for unification of Vietnam under Communist rule - get all 10 of your toes out of our country, Yankees? On May 9-11 the Zip to Zap Grand Festival of Light and Love rock concert in Zap, N.D. ends with the dispersal and eviction of unruly youths by the Nat. Guard. On May 10 the Turtles perform at the White House, and singer Mark Volman stinks himself up by falling off the stage 5x. On May 10-20 the Battle of Hamburger Hill (Hill 937) (Dong Ap Bia) (Ap Bia Mountain) in the Ashau Valley becomes the last big U.S. ground combat operation in the Vietnam War; U.S. and South Vietnamese troops finally capture it after 675 of 1.5K North Vietnamese and 72 of 1.8K U.S. soldiers are KIA, and 372 U.S. soldiers ground, er, wounded; only three North Vietnamese soldiers are captured alive - ground round? On May 11 Pres. Carlos Lleras Restrepo officially opens a 193-mi. oil pipeline in Colombia from the Orito oilfield on the Ecuadorean border across the Andes to the Pacific. On May 11 a large fire rips through a plutonium processing plant at the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant NW of Denver, Colo., causing $26.5M in damage and spewing radioactivity into the air; within a year the first of many protests is organized outside the plant, and local residents worry about contamination of the creeks which flow through it. On May 13-14 bloody racial riots erupt between Muslim Malays and Chinese in Singapore after an election on Peninsular Malaysia, killing 167, and causing PM Tunku Abdul Rahman to declare a state of emergency and suspend the constitution and parliament (ends 1971); on May 20 a new cabinet is installed to govern jointly with the Nat. Operations Council until peace is restored. On May 14 Libyan Col. Muammar Gaddafi visits Mecca in Saudi Arabia. On May 14 the Criminal Code Amendment Act in Canada liberalizes laws on abortion, homosexuality, and lotteries, as gay lib orgs. flourish in Vancouver, Montreal, Toronto, and Ottawa; meanwhile it requires permits for all firearms - Canada sucks, wanna moonlight kiss? On May 14 U.S. Supreme Court justice (since Oct. 4, 1965) Abe Fortas (1910-82) resigns over a legal fee scandal involving the Wolfson Family Foundation. On May 15 ("Bloody Thursday") police storm People's Park in Berkeley, Calif., some land owned by the Univ. of Calif. which had been turned into a park by students; on May 16 day Calif. Gov. Ronald Reagan calls in the Nat. Guard, railing against sympathetic faculty members; after more riots, the Univ. of Calif. Regents vote on June 20 to turn the park into a parking lot and soccer field - they paved paradise and created a what? On May 16 Soviet space probe Venera 5 lands on Venus; on May 17 Venera 6 enters Venus' atmosphere and sends back atmospheric data before being crushed; together they confirm that the planet is unfit for human habitation - they're already thinking of Siberia II? On May 17 Tom McClean completes the first solo transatlantic crossing in a rowboat, Super Silver - clean hands-on fun? On May 18 Navy Cmdr. Eugene Andrew "Gene" Cernan (1934-2017), Air Force Col. Thomas Patten Stafford (1930-), and Navy Cmdr. John Watts Young (1930-) blast off aboard Apollo 10, a "dress rehearsal" for the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission; the lunar module is named "Snoopy" and the command ship "Charlie Brown"; Cernan wears a Mickey Mouse watch; it attains lunar orbit on May 21 and makes 31 orbits; on May 22 (last orbit) Stafford and Cernon fly the Lunar Module to within 9.4 mi. (15.4 km) of the lunar surface; they return on May 26; as they fly over the Moon's dark side ceepy music is received, and covered-up until 2008. On May 19 19-y.-o. Black Panther Alex Rackley is kidnapped by fellow Black Panthers in New Haven, Conn., tortured for two days until he confesses to being an FBI informant, and murdered on May 21, after which police arrest nine Black Panthers, causing the 1970 New Haven Black Panther Trials, attended by Yale U. law student Hillary Clinton to monitor civil rights violations for the ACLU. On May 19-20 French Foreign Legion paratroopers land in Kolwezi, Zaire to rescue Europeans caught in the middle of a civil war. On May 20 U.S. Nat. Guard helis spray stinging powder on anti-Vietnam War protesters in Calif. On May 20 (night) after being tortured with boiling water, suspected informer Alex Rackley is murdered by fellow Black Panthers in New Haven, Conn. and thrown into the Coginchaug River, after which the New Haven Nine are put on trial next year, and mainly walk away after massive support by Yale U. students, but stink up the Black Panthers so bad they they become inactive by the mid-1970s. On May 22 about 100 SDS members who had taken over two bldgs. at Columbia U. in New York City flee after arrest warrants are issued for them. On May 22 martial law is declared in Rosario, Argentina, Argentina's 2nd largest city after thousands of students battle police. On May 22 the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic supplements the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic. On May 23 three Cuban expatriates hijack a Boeing 727 from Miami, Fla. to Cuba - why don't they just pay for a ticket? On May 25 a military coup in Sudan deposes PM Mohammed Ahmed Mahgoub and pres. Ismail al-Azhari (b. 1900), who dies on Aug. 26; in Oct. Col. Jaafar (Gaafar) Muhammad (Mohammed) Nimeiry (an-Nimeiri) (1930-2009), a 1966 grad of the U.S. Army Command College in Ft. Leavenworth, Kan. becomes PM (until 1971), and designates Babiker Awadalla (1917-) as pres., while wielding the real power until Apr. 6, 1985. On May 25 Thor Heyerdahl sail from Safi, Morocco with a 7-man internat. crew aboard the papyrus reed raft Ra to test his theory that South Am. may have been populated by voyagers from Egypt or some other N African country, making papyrus of the fact that Aymro natives on Lake Titicaca use reed boats similar to those used in Chad and Egypt; it travels 3K mi. across the polluted Atlantic before, er, foundering 600 mi. from the South Am. coast, after which they radio for help and are rescued by authorities from Barbados. On May 27-June 2 N.Y. gov. (1959-73) Nelson A. Rockefeller (1908-79) goes on his 2nd Latin Am. fact-finding tour, but violent anti-U.S. demonstrations in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Venezuela give him enough facts and he cuts the tour short. On May 28 Argentine pres. Juan Carlos Ongania imposes a limited state of siege, causing nationwide strikes by May 30 which paralyze the country. On May 29 guided tours begin at the Kremlin and other govt. sites in Moscow. On May 30-June 3 Afro-Caribbean labor riots in Curacao topple Netherlands Anntilles PM Ciro de Kroon and his govt. kroonies. West Germany's economy booms this year, outpacing the 1960-1 boom, causing the Deutsche mark to become super-strong, resulting in internat. pressure to revalue it; in May West Germany shocks the financial markets by refusing to revalue, instead putting a partial brake on their booming economy by doubling the bank rate to 6%. In May Britain promulgates a new 1969 Gibraltar Constitution for Gibraltar (ceded from Spain in 1713), declaring defiance of Spanish pressure for its return; on June 8 Spain closes its border with Gibraltar, keeping 4,730 Spanish workers from going to their jobs there; Britain fails to comply with a U.N. request to end the situation by Oct. 1, and Spain cuts telephone links and sends a small fleet to demonstrate outside the harbor; on June 8 Gen. Franco closes Spain's frontier with Gibraltar. In May former PM (1964-5) Tran Van Huong becomes PM of South Vietnam again; on Aug. 22 he resigns under pressure from Pres. Thieu, and on Aug. 23 is replaced by Deputy PM Gen. Tran Thien Khiem (1925-) (until 1975). In May the Nat. Commission on Urban Growth recommends development of 10 new U.S. communities of 100K pop. each to accommodate an expected 20M in additional pop.; no action is taken. In May Howard K. Smith and Frank Reynolds begin anchoring the forever-number-three ABC Evening News; Reynolds is replaced next Dec. by CBS alumnus Harry Reasoner, who becomes sole anchor in 1975, then pairs with Barbara Walters in 1976, causing ratings to sink even lower until Peter Jennings returns as London anchor in 1978, after which Reasoner dies and Jennings becomes sole anchor on Aug. 9, 1983, keeping it #1 until 1997, when NBC Nightly News passes it up. On June 1 tobacco advertising is banned on Canadian radio and TV. On June 1 Communist China launches its 1st Fanhui Shi Weixing (Chin. "recoverable satellite") on a Long March rocket, becoming the first of 26 recon flights; not till launch #3 on Nov. 26, 1975 is the satellite actually recovered. On June 1-15 Gaullist former PM (1968-9) Georges Pompidou (1911-74) defeats Alain Poher in a runoff election with 57% of the vote to become pres. #3 of the French Fifth Repub. for a 7-year term, taking office on June 20 (until Apr. 2, 1974); on June 20 he appoints Jacques Chaban-Delmas (1915-2000) (who used the alias Chaban in the WWII French Resistance, then tacked it onto his real name) to succeed Maurice Couve de Murville as PM #4 (until July 6, 1972); on June 29 he appoints Valery Marie Rene Giscard d'Estaing (1926-) as minister of economy and finance (until May 27, 1974). On June 2 Australian aircraft carrier Melbourne slices the destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in half off the shore of South Vietnam in the South China Sea, killing 74 U.S. crew members. On June 2 the National Arts Centre in Ottawa, Ont., Canada opens. On June 3 the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne collides with U.S. destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in the South China Sea near South Vietnam, slicing it in half and killing 74 U.S. sailors. On June 3 NBC airs Turnabout Intruder, the last episode of Star Trek (begun 1966), which sets a new low for the supposedly socially progressive show by portraying a woman's mind transferred to a man's body as too emotional to be fit for command, despite being able to kick butt and wolf whistle. On June 4 a Mexicana Boeing 727 flies into a mountain during descent near Monterrey, Mexico, killing 79 incl. Mexican tennis star Rafael Herrera Osuna (b. 1938); meanwhile a 22-y.-o. man sneaks into the wheel pod of a jet parked in Havana and survives the 9-hour flight to Spain. On June 5-17 the Internat. Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties is held in Moscow, the first meeting since 1960, and the largest before the collapse of the Soviet Union, with the Chinese, Koreans, and Vietnamese Communists absent, causing the phenomenon of Eurocommunism to emerge. On June 6 a bus plunges into a ravine near Baler, Philippines, killing 40 and injuring 32. The networks trade down in the rebel department? On June 7 The Johnny Cash Show debuts on ABC-TV for 58 episodes (until 1971), going on to feed his outlaw image by refusing to cut the word "stoned" from Kris Kristofferson's "Sunday Morning Coming Down", hosting Vietnam protester Peter Seeger, and flaunting his Christian faith; meanwhile on June 8 the last Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour airs after CBS-TV cancels the show despite good ratings. On June 8 Pres. Nixon meets with Pres. Thieu of South Vietnam in Midway, and announces that 25K U.S. troops will pull out by the end of Aug. as the new "Vietnamization" policy (take care of it yourself or drop dead) kicks in. On June 8 Rolling Stones founder Lewis Brian Hopkins Jones (b. 1942) leaves the Rolling Stones rock band over drug abuse, and is replaced by Michael Kevin "Mick" Taylor (1949-) of John Mayall's Bluesbreakers (since 1966), who leaves in Dec. 1974; on July 2/3 Jones is found dead in his swimming pool at Cotchford Farm in Hartfield, Sussex, and the death is officially ruled "accidental drowning under the influence of drugs and alcohol"; was he really murdered by bldg. contractor Frank Thorogood, who allegedly confesses on his deathbed in 1993? On June 8 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules in Brandenburg v. Ohio that the govt. cannot punish inflammatory speech advocating the use or force or violation of the law unless it is "directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action", overturning Whitney v. Calif. (1927); "If there be time to expose through discussion the falsehood and fallacies, to avert the evil by the process of education, the remedy to be applied is more speech, not enforced silence." On June 9 the U.S. Senate confirms St. Paul, Minn.-born Warren Earl Burger (1907-95) (nominated on May 21) as U.S. Chief Justice #15 and the 97th U.S. Supreme Court justice, succeeding Earl Warren, who tried in vain to resign last year so that LBJ not Nixon could name his successor, but was prevented by a Senate filibuster, and he is sworn-in on June 23 (until Sept. 26, 1986); the Supreme Court begins its 180th term on Oct. 6, and he begins reversing the liberal direction of the court - does this have something to do with Wimpy's Hamburgers, Hamburger Hill, or the Turnabout Intruder episode of Star Trek, or the fact it's the year '69, or all four? On June 11 (60th anniv. of the Peary expedition) a 4-man British team led by Sir Walter William "Wally" Herbert (1934-2007) completes the first-ever surface crossing of the Arctic Ocean, and the longest Arctic foot journey, going 3.7K mi. in 476 days, becoming the first man fully recognized for walking to the North Pole, claiming that Peary had falsified some records and never actually reached it although he came close, getting him a knighthood in 2000, and the accolade of "greatest polar explorer of our time" by Sir Ranulph Fiennes. On June 14 John Lennon and Yoko Ono appear on the David Frost show in Britain. On June 15 the corny Nashville country music comedy variety show Hee-Haw debuts on CBS-TV (until 1971, then in syndication until Sept. 19, 1992), hosted by Alvis Edgar "Buck" Owens Jr. (1929-2006) and Roy Linwood Clark (1933-) in Kornfield Kounty, featuring Minnie Pearl (Sarah Ophelia Colley Cannon) (1912-96), along with Grandpa Jones (Louis Marshall Jones) (1913-98), David "Stringbean" Akeman (1916-73), Junior Samples (Alvin Samples Jr.) (1926-83), Lulu Roman (Bertha Louise Hable) (1946-), and Gordon Robert "Gordie" Tapp (1922-) (the Culhanes of Cornfield County), plus Roy Claxton Acuff (1903-92), and Archie Campbell (1914-87). On June 17 the raunchy musical review Oh! Calcutta! opens in New York Off-Broadway, and now anybody who hasn't seen a naked person yet can book tickets. On June 17 a man hijacks a Boeing 707 from Oakland, Calif. to Cuba. On June 18-22 after reaching a membership of 100K, the crypto-Commie Nat. Convention of the Students for a Dem. Society (SDS) in Chicago, Ill. collapses, and the Weatherman faction seizes control of the SDS nat. office, changing their name to Weather Underground Org. (WUO), from the Bob Dylan song Subterranean Homesick Blues ("You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows"), going on to bomb eight govt. and corp. office bldgs. in New York City this year to protest the Vietnam War., incl. Grace Pear on July 27, Marine Midland Bldg. on Aug. 20 (19 inuries), Federal Place Office Bldg. (Sept. 19), Army Induction Center on Whitehall St. (Oct. 7), Standard Oil offices in the RCA Bldg. (Nov. 11), Chase Manhattan Bank (Nov. 11), Gen. Motors Bldg. (Nov. 11), New York City Criminal Courts Bldg. (Nov. 12); on Nov. 12 leader Samuel Joseph "Sam" Melville (Grossman) (1934-71), his Swarthmore College-educated babe (who never joined the Weather Underground?) Jane Lauren Alpert (1947-), and two others (George Demmerle, Dave Hughley) are arrested; Melville dies in the 1971 Attica Prison riots, and Alpert skips bail in May 1970, turning herself in on Nov. 17, 1974 and receiving 27 mo. in prison after deciding to become a feminist instead, uttering the soundbyte: "For now, I only want to set the scene of my renewed acquaintance with the Weather Underground by saying that when it occurred, I was decisively through with the left and had, at least mentally, rededicated myself to the cause of a revolution made by and for women." On June 19 race riots rock Cairo, Ill. On June 19 after San Francisco stripper Carol Doda (1944-) has a gynecologist inject 44 doses of silicone into her breasts, increasing them from size 34B to "twin 44s" (44D), which she calls "the new twin peaks of San Francisco", she wears a topless bathing suit at the Condor Club in San Francisco, causing a nat. topless dancer craze, after which the club er, erects a neon sign with blinking nipples that isn't taken down until 1991; she survives several failed attempts at prosecution. On June 20 white minority Rhodesian voters approve a new 1969 Rhodesian Constitution, declaring their rebel state a repub. on Nov. 11, effective Mar. 27, causing Britain to sever diplomatic ties on June 24. On June 21 an overcrowded vehicle carrying 35 workers crashes in Mahradah, Al-Amam, Syria, killing 25. On June 22 the highly-polluted Cuyahoga River (Mohawk "Cayagaga = crooked river, Seneca "Cuyohaga" = place of the jawbone) River in Cleveland, Ohio catches on fire, with 50-ft. flames, typing the area, its pollution, sports teams, and fans all at the same time, launching the Cleveland Sports Curse, in which no major league team in any sport from this town wins a nat. title from 1964 until the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2016 - you are my darling, don't take my sunshine away? On June 22 a Cuban expatriate hijacks a DC-8 from Newark, N.J. to Cuba. On June 22 Southern Yemen pres. Qahtan al-Shaabi is forced to resign, and is succeeded by a 5-man pres. council headed by Salim Ali Rubayyi (1935-78) (until June 26, 1978). On June 23 Warren Earl Burger is sworn-in as chief justice of the U.S. by the man he is succeeding, Earl Warren - doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo? On June 23 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Benton v. Md. that the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment applies to the states, overturning Palko v. Conn. (1937). On June 23 the U.S. Supreme (Warren) Court rules 7-2 in Chimel v. Calif. that after arresting a person in his home, police can't search the rest of the house without a search warrant, only the area within immediate reach of the person; the majority opinion is written by Justice Potter Stewart, with the soundbyte: "There is ample justification, therefore, for a search of the arrestee's person and the area 'within his immediate control' - construing that phrase to mean the area from within which he might gain possession of a weapon or destructible evidence. There is no comparable justification, I however, for routinely searching any room other than that in which an arrest occurs - or, for that matter, for searching through all the desk drawers or other closed or concealed areas in that room itself. Such searches, in the absence of well recognized exceptions, may be made only under the authority of a search warrant. The 'adherence to judicial processes' mandated by the Fourth Amendment requires no less." On June 24 the Day of the Indian (Dia de la Raza), Peruvian pres. gen. Juan Velasco Alvarado announces a land reform program which calls for all major tracts of private land, incl. U.S. holdings to be appropriated. On June 25 the U.S. Senate votes 70-16 to pass the Nat. Commitments Resolution, asking the executive branch of the govt. not to commit men or funds to a foreign country without the express approval of both houses of Congress - they can ask? On June 25 a man hijacks a DC-8 from Los Angeles, Calif. to Cuba. On June 26 a man hijacks a DC-8 from El Paso, Tex. to Cuba, returning to the U.S. on Nov. 1, receiving a 50-year sentence on Sept. 14, 1970. On June 27 Britain grants St. Vincent Island in the West Indies the status of an associated state within the British Commonwealth, effective Oct. 27. The cops tell gays to suck my stick, and they do? On June 27-28 patrons at the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village at 53 Christopher St. clash with NYPD Public Morals cops sent there to harass them in the Stonewall Rebellion, which becomes the birth (pardon the expression?) of the "gay power" movement, resulting in a decade of gay orgying in the piers off West Street along the Hudson River, the Paradise Garage, St. Mark's Bathhouse, Fire Island, Central Park, Studio 54 and elsewhere, resulting in the AIDS epidemic beginning in June 1981 - as the sperm-soaked buds shift into reverse repro and shrivel up and die? On June 27-29 the Denver Pop Festival in Colo. is held at the Mile Hi Stadium, and features the last appearance of Jimi Hendrix with the Experience, as well as a violent group of protesters called the Am. Liberation Front. On June 28 a man hijacks a Boeing 727 from Baltimore, Md. to Cuba, returning to the U.S. in Nov. and receiving a 15-year sentence on Oct. 6, 1970. On June 30 the assassination of labor leader Augusto Vandor causes the govt. of Argentina to again declare a state of siege. On June 30 Nigeria stinks itself up by banning night flights of food by the Red Cross to Biafra. In June the Rhine River has a massive fish kill near Bingen, Germany, two years after two 50-lb. canisters containing the insecticide Thiodan fall overboard in transit from Frankfurt to the Netherlands. On July 1 (Tue.) Britain's Prince Charles (1948-) is invested as the 21st Prince of Wales at Caernarvon Castle in Wales, being crowned by his mother Elizabeth II in a highly publicized event plagued by bomb scares by Welsh nationalists. On July 1 brainy, multilingual gen. Andrew Jackson Goodpaster (1915-2005) replaces Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer as Supreme Allied Commander (SAC) in Europe (until Dec. 17, 1974). On July 2 Blackpool, Cork City-born Fianna Fail PM (since Nov. 10, 1966) John Mary "Jack" Lynch (1917-99) is reelected PM (Taoseach) #5 of Ireland (until Mar. 14, 1973), and appoints Erskine Hamilton Childers (1905-74) as deputy PM, the highest post ever held by a Protestant in Ireland - lots of board meetings, we're always playing catch-up? On July 2 fence-sitting Cambodia resumes diplomatic relations with the U.S. (severed in 1965). On July 3 the Soviet Union tests its N-1 Moon rocket at Baikonur Space Center in Kazakhstan; too bad, it explodes. On July 4 India and Pakistan settle their longstanding salt marsh and mudflat-filled Great Rann of Kutch 320-mi. boundary dispute in NW India and Sindh province of Pakistan. On July 4 the First Atlanta Pop Festival at Atlanta Internat. Raceway in Ga. features Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Joe Cocker, Canned Heat, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Dave Brubeck, Blood, Sweat and Tears, Led Zeppelin et al., and makes stars of the new band Grand Funk Railroad, who soon sign with Capitol Records; the new Allman Brothers Band from Jacksonville, Fla. (pioneers of Southern rock) is signed by a phony promoter. On July 5 the govt. of Italian PM Mariano Rumor falls after Socialist ministers withdraw, and he carries on with a pure Christian Dem. cabinet; in Oct. student-induced organized labor unrest becomes the worst since 1920, causing the govt. to cave-in in Dec. and grant it large wage increases, a 40-hour workweek, and limits on overtime work. On July 5 Kenyan development minister Thomas Joseph Odhiambo "Tom" Mboya (b. 1930) is assassinated in a Nairobi street, causing rioting and demonstrations by his Luo tribesman, and clashes with Jomo Kenyatta's Kikua tribe - it's all just a little bit of history repeating? On July 5 the Rolling Stones play a free Concert in Hyde Park, London before 300K-650K, making it a tribute to deceased member Brian Jones, and introducing new guitarist Mick Taylor; new London progressive rock band King Crimson plays, becoming an instant hit for stripping the blues foundation out of rock and adding jazz and Classical. On July 7 Canada's House of Commons gives final approval to the Official Languages Act, sponsored by secy. of state (1968-73) Gerard (Gérard) Pelletier (1919-97), making the French language equal to English throughout the nat. govt., effective Sept. 7. On July 8 the first U.S. troops to withdraw from Vietnam leave Saigon as 814 infantrymen are flown to Tacoma, Wash. On July 8 the Nat. Assoc. of Broadcasters (NAB) announces a plan to phase-out cigarette advertising on radio and TV over a 3-year period beginning Jan. 1, 1970, which is later accelerated. On July 13 the Soviets launch the unmanned Luna 15 to the Moon; it crashes on July 22, rubbing a U.S. coup over the Soviets in the Moon race in the Moon's face? On July 14 the Soccer (Football) War between Honduras and El Savador, brought on by economic problems is triggered by a June soccer game in Honduras which Honduras loses, after which rioting breaks out directed against the 300K Salvadoran migrant workers, causing tens of thousands to be expelled and prompting a brief Salvadoran invasion of Honduras; the Org. of Am. States (OAS) meets in emergency session to form a 7-nation peace team, and on July 18 a ceasefire is negotiated, and a compromise agreement is reached on July 20 after tens of thousands of workers strike. On July 14 Francis McClusky (b. 1902) becomes the first person killed in the Northern Ireland Troubles, which end in 1998 after 16.2K bombings, 3.5K killed, and 50K injured; by 2011 Protestants outnumber Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland by only 3%, becoming the majority in 2021; in Dec. the Provisional Irish Repub. Army (Provisional IRA) (Provos) is formed to end British rule in Northern Ireland, becoming the biggest and most active paramilitary group during the Troubles; it isn't disbanded until Apr 1998. On July 14 Dennis Hopper's Am. hippie-biker film Easy Rider debuts, celebrating while ironically presaging the end of the hippie culture, becoming a $100M+ box office hit, opening up Hollyweird for awhile to young low-budget filmmakers, who launch New Hollywood - all roads lead to Hollyweird? On July 14 the Circle Theater Co. is founded in Manhattan, N.Y. by Caffe Cino veterans Marshall W. Mason, Lanford Wilson, Rob Thirkield, and Tanya Berezin to nourish a pool of artists for the creation of plays, moving in the early 1970 to the Sheridan Square Playhouse, which in the early 1980s becomes the Circle Repertory Theatre; in 1974 the New York Times calls it the "chief provider of new American plays"; playwrights incl. Jon Robin Baltz, John Bishop, Jules Feiffer, Herb Gardner, William M. Hoffman, Albert Innaurato, Larry Kramer, Craig Lucas, David Mamet, William Mastrosimone, Terrence McNally (1938-), Mark Medoff, Marsha Norman, Robert Patrick, Sam Shepard, Lanford Wilson, and Tennessee Williams; actors incl. Joan Allen, Alec Baldwin, Kathy Bates, Lindsay Crouse, Jeff Daniels, Olympia Dukakis, Laurence Fishburne, Scott Glenn, Farley Granger, Ed Harris, Joan Hart, Judd Hirsch, William Hurt, Timothy Hutton, Swoosie Kurtz, Christine Lahnti, Piper Laurie, Jennifer Jason Leigh, John Malkovich, Demi Moore, Cynthia Nixon, Mary-Louise Parker, Christopher Reeve, and Gary Sinise; it disbands in 1996. Glory Days, Glory Days, Glory Days pass you by? Just in time to make JFK's prediction come true, white IS right on the Moon on the anniv. of the creation of Washington D.C., the execution of Tsar Nicholas II, the installation of the first parking meters, and the first A-bomb explosion? On July 16 (Wed.) Apollo 11 blasts off from Cape You Know What, and goes into lunar orbit on July 19, then lands on the "place of magnificent desolation" (the Moon) on July 20 at 4:17 p.m. EDT in the Eagle landing module; as 600M worldwide watch on TV (Soviet TV snubs them), white, blonde-blue, straight Christian church-going WASP male Neil Alden Armstrong (1930-2012) (shoe size 9-1/2) (salary $30K a year) becomes the first human to set foot on the Moon at 10:56 p.m. EDT at Tranquility Base (total price tag $35B) after taking a recording of Antonin Dvorak's Symphony No. 9 in E minor, op. 95, B. 178 ("From the New World") with him; his first words are: "One small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind"; he rubs white-is-right in more by carrying a piece of fabric from the 1903 White, er, Wright brothers plane Flyer 1; Glen Ridge, N.J.-born U.S. Air Force Col. Edwin Eugene "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. (1930-) follows close behind, later uttering the soundbyte: "Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the Moon, I am the first man to piss his pants on the Moon"; Presbyterian Aldrin performs a communion before Armstrong starts his walk, but due to a lawsuit by atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair they black it out; meanwhile Rome, Italy-born U.S. Air Force Lt. Col. Michael "Mike" Collins (1930-) stays in orbit at 60-75 mi. in the Columbia Command Module (named after the cannon-fired Columbiad spacecraft in the 1865 Jules Verne novel "From the Earth to the Moon"), with the Mission Control Center in Houston, Tex. uttering the immortal soundbyte: "Not since Adam as any human known such solitude as Mike Collins during this 47 minutes of each lunar revolution when he's behind the Moon with no one to talk to except his tape recorder"; after the onboard computer fails from interference caused by the radar system as they are making their landing, Armstrong and Aldrin switch to manual control and display their hotdogging cowboy skills, landing with less than 1 min. of fuel left; the first moon walk confirms the prediction made in 1964 by Dutch-born U. of Ariz. astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper (1905-73) (who helped identify lunar landing sites) that it would be "like crunchy snow"; Aldrin brings a copy of the 1941 poem A Prayer for Protection by Am. poet James Dillet Freeman (1912-2003), causing him to be called the "Poet Laureate to the Moon"; after Aldrin plants a nylon flag on El Moono, and they have their romp, they return to Earth and splashdown on July 24 in the Pacific, and are brought aboard the USS Hornet (CV-12), then greeted personally by Pres. Nixon while on a round-the-world tour (July 23-Aug. 3) to try to get back some of the billions wasted, er, invested in a second industrial rev., er, wasted with some good Cold War propaganda; they then spend 65 hours inside the Mobile Quarantine Facility to prove they didn't acquire "Moon germs" under the July 16 U.S. Extra-Terrestrial Exposure Law, violation of which carries a 1-year sentence and $5K fine; Walter Cronkite makes CBS-TV the most-watched TV network for the missions, which follows through to Apollo 13; Thomas Otten Paine (1921-92) is the head of NASA in 1969-7 (first seven Apollo manned missions), and goes on to become pres. of Northrop Corp. in 1976-82; on July 17 The New York Times pub. A Correction, apologizing for their Jan. 12, 1920 editorial, with the soundbyte: "Further investigation and experimentation have confirmed the findings of Isaac Newton in the 17th cent. and it is now definitely established that a rocket can function in a vacuum as well as in an atmosphere. The Times regrets the error"; David Threlfal of Preston, Lancashire, England is awarded a £10K check by bookmaker William Hill, Ltd. for a £10 bet in 1964 that a man would land on the Moon by 1971 at 1000 to 1 odds; millions believe the whole thing is a staged govt. hoax, pointing to the "rippling flag", absence of blast craters, shadows suggesting stage lighting, etc.; millions more that all that money was "dumped into space", or that it would have been better spent reclaiming the deserts, developing agriculture, affordable housing and medicine, or jump-jiving woo woo woo?; the landing was faked to help the U.S. win the Cold War?; the dir. of the fake landing was Stanley Kubrick?; too bad, the astronauts leave radar corner reflectors, which can be seen from Earth, proving they were there, or just that unmanned ships made it there?; on July 16, 2009 NASA admits that it lost its original hi-res moonwalk footage, but is hiring guess-who Hollyweird to restore it, stoking conspiracy theorists; in the 20-zeds the NASA Lunar Reconnaisance Orbiter (LRO) allegedly takes hi-def photos of the landers and astronaut tracks, but it can hardly be called an independent witness?; the jury will be out until an independent group visits the Moon and verifies the junk they allegedly left?; on Jan. 13, 2017 after the Chinese Lunar Rover produces no evidence of Apollo Moon landings, 200 officials of the Chinese Space Program pub. a petition in the Beijing Daily Express asking NASA for an explanation; zonk, that's fake news :); the Apollo 11 astronauts appear on the first U.S. stamp to depict a living American, issued later in the year; "For one crowning moment we were creatures of the cosmic ocean" (Aldrin); "Slipped the surly bonds of Earth to touch the face of God" (Ronald Reagan); the dark mineral Armalcolite is discovered at Tranquility Base, and named after Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins. the silicate mineral Tranquillityite and the single chain inosilicate Pyroxferroite are also discovered; Aldrin later suffers from depression - buzzy Excedrin headache number? On July 17 the U.S. Senate holds its 4th closed session since WWII to hear secret info. about the Safeguard anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system, which is permitted to continue in Aug. by a 51-50 vote; Pres. Nixon lies to Congress that the Soviets could destroy U.S. ICBMs in a first strike, despite the CIA informing him that there is no proof that they are testing MIRVs. On July 17-22 ugly racial riots in de facto-segregated York, Penn. are abetted by the authorities. Well chap my hide, or, Heat makes a true Kennedy horny? On July 18 a 1967 Oldsmobile Delmont 88 sedan driven from a party at moonlight, er, midnight by inebriated astronaut, er, Sen. Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (1932-2009) (D-Mass.) (JFK's younger brother) takes a wrong turn and plunges off 10.5-in.-wide railless Dike Bridge at 20 mph on Chappaquiddick Island ("separated island") off the E end of Martha's Vineyard, and his 28-y.-o. passenger Mary Jo Kopechne (b. 1940) (former RFK campaign worker and secy.) is killed in 8 ft. of water; too bad, he gets out of the car and leaves the scene and doesn't report it for 8-11 hours, launching the Chappaquiddick Scandal, causing his career to go down the toilet just as the first men walk on the Moon; Scottish-born Pulitzer Prize-winning pro-Kennedy journalist James Barrett "Scotty" Reston (1909-95), who is summering at Martha's Vineyard files the first account of the incident for the New York Times, and stinks himself up with the opening line "Tragedy has again struck the Kennedy family", to which managing ed. A.M. Rosenthal replies "This story isn't about the Kennedy family, it's about this girl"; on July 25 Ted Kennedy appears on the three major U.S. networks to explain himself, and nobody buys it?; the truth is that he made that turn intentionally to have sex with her in a secluded place and went over the bridge too fast?; he receives a 2-mo. suspended sentence, but gets it overturned in Apr. 1970 - Geico, 15 minutes can save you on car insurance? On July 19 Gloria Maria Aspillera Diaz (1951-) wins the Miss Universe pageant, becoming the first win by the Philippines. On July 22 after deciding to skip Alfonso XIII's liberal son Juan de Borbon, Gen. Francisco Franco names Juan's son Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon y Borbon (1938-) as his successor and heir to the throne of Spain; he becomes king on Nov. 22, 1975, outwitting Franco by switching from a military dictatorship to a modern parliamentary democracy despite swearing loyalty to Franco's Movimiento Nacional. On July 22 Moon Township in W Pittsburgh, Penn. has a parade to celebrate you know what, naming you know who as honorary citizens. On July 24 Soviet spies Peter and Helen Kroger (real names Morris and Lona Cohen) are exchanged for British lecturer and anti-Soviet leaflet smuggler Gerald Brooke (1938-). On July 25 U.S. Pres. Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, named by the press after he makes a casual statement during a stopover in Guam on a return trip from Vietnam; in the future the U.S. will expect Asian allies to assume responsibility for their own defense, "except for the threat of a major power involving nuclear weapons". On July 25-28 the Seattle Pop Festival in Woodinville, Wash. is attended by 70K. On July 27 Santa Barbara, Calif.-born Manson Family associate Robert Kenneth "Bobby" Beausoleil (1947-) stabs music teacher Gary Hinman to death for failing to pay money owned the Manson Family for a mescaline transaction, and is given a life sentence; Charles Manson slices off part of his ear with a sword before ordering the murder; it was intended as the first of a series of murders by the Manson Family to spark Helter Skelter, and was staged to look like the Black Panthers did it? On July 29 Mariner 6 begins transmitting photos from Mars at the closest range yet achieved, followed on Aug. 5 by Mariner 7, which transmits photos from as close as 2.2K mi. (3.5 km). On July 30 U.S. Pres. Richard Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam, and meets with Pres. Nguyen Van Thieu and U.S. military cmdrs. to explain his slip, er, new Nixon Doctrine - learn to resist temptation, someday you'll wake up and I'll be far away? On July 31 the halfpenny ceases to be legal tender in Britain. On July 31 a man hijacks a Boeing 727 from Pittsburgh, Penn. to Cuba. On July 31-Aug. 2 Pope Paul VI visits Uganda, becoming the first African visit by a reigning pope, trying unsuccessfully to settle the Nigerian civil war. In July Stokely Carmichael breaks ties with the Black Panthers and moves to beautiful Marxist Guinea in W Africa - one bad episode of the Family Feud, you're black and even a little dandruff shows? On Aug. 1 the U.S. Dept. of Justice sues the State of Georgia to end school desegregation, becoming its first such action against an entire state - gone with the what? On Aug. 1-3 the Atlantic City Pop Festival in N.J. is attended by 110K. On Aug. 2 Pres. Nixon visits Romania - this is spooky? On Aug. 2 Bob Dylan makes a surprise visit to his high school reunion in Hibbing, Minn. On Aug. 3 manic-depressive Washington Post publisher (since 1946) Philip Leslie Graham (b. 1915) (friend of JFK and LBJ) commits suicide with a shotgun, and his wife (since 1940-) Katharine Meyer Graham (1917-2001) becomes publisher of The Washington Post (until 1979), going on to hire Watergate uncoverup boss Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (1921-) as executive ed. (until 1991), and bring in billionaire Warren Buffett, who becomes a major shareholder and eminence grise. On Aug. 4 German-born Jewish-Am. nat. security adviser Henry Kissinger (1923-) of the U.S. and none-of-the-above Xuan Thuy (1912-85) of North Vietnam begin secret peace negotiations in the Paris apt. of French intermediary Jean Sainteny (Roger) (1907-78), but they fail to agree on any terms. On Aug. 5 Mariner 7 flies past Mars - a dolphin stampede caught on tape? On Aug. 5 a man tries to hijack a DC-9 from Philly to Cuba, and is committed to a mental institution in 1970-1. On Aug. 6 the Green Beret Affair sees the U.S. Army announce the arrest of eight Green Berets, incl. the cmdr. of the Fifth Special Forces Group (Airbone) on suspicion of premeditated murder of a Vietnamese double agent. On Aug. 7 Pres. Nixon appoints Sioux-Mohawk Louis R. Bruce Jr. (1906-89) as commissioner of Indian affairs (until 1973), becoming the 3rd Native Am. to hold the post; on Aug. 19 40 Indian leaders meet in Denver, Colo. to form an all-Indian task force to speak for Indians. On Aug. 8 France surprises the world by announcing a 12.5% devaluation of the franc to prevent deflation, which PM Jacques Chaban-Delmas calls the "classic and cruel remedy of the past". On Aug. 8 Dundee, Scotland-born photographer Iain Stewart Macmillan (1938-2006) takes pictures of the Beatles as they cross Abbey Road for the much-discussed cover of their final Abbey Road album - the perfect alibi for the Tate murders? On Aug. 8 (eve.) 8-mo.-pregnant actress Sharon Marie Tate (Polanski) (b. 1943) (wife of movie dir. Roman Polanski) and four other people, Hollywood hair stylist Jay Sebring (b. 1931), coffee heiress Abigail Folger (b. 1943), her common-law hubby Vojciech "Voytek" Frykowski (b. 1936), and delivery boy Steven Parent (b. 1951) are brutally murdered (Parent is shot and the rest stabbed a total of 100x) in her Bel-Air, Los Angeles home in Benedict Canyon at 10050 Cielo Dr. (formerly owned by record exec Terry Melcher (1942-2004), son of Doris Day (1924-), who had refused to record an album for Cincinnati, Ohio-born self-described Flower Power singer-songwriter (hey-hey-I'm-a-Monkee-wannabe) Charles Milles "Charlie" Manson (nee Maddox) (1934-2017) (who has done plenty of hard time, but was let out in 1967, allowing him to portray himself as a guru in San Fran's Haight-Ashbury district during the 1967 Summer of Love, while he picked up hippie women and set up a commune at the deserted Spahn Ranch in the San Fernando Valley of the Santa Susana Mts. near Los Angeles, Calif., then used his study of Scientology and its psycho-babble along with his huge Cincinnati Drumstick to hypnotize them, helped by his super sexual stamina that turned them into sexual slaves), and saw him there when he was shacking up with girlfriend Candice Bergen) during a party by uninvited Manson Family members Charles Denton "Tex" Watson (1945-) (a religiously-raised boy who was picked up hitchhiking by Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys and taken home, where he meets Manson), Susan Atkins (1948-2009) (who starred in "Witches Sabbath" by Anton Szandor LaVey), Patricia Dianne Krenwinkel (1947-), and Leslie Louise Van Houten (1949-); Atkins writes "Pig" on the front door in blood; novelist Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91) (invited by Frykowski) misses his plane (and the party), later writing the novel Blind Date about the close call; on Aug. 10 wealthy married business people Leno LaBianca (b. 1925) and Rosemary LaBianca (b. 1931) are murdered in their Los Angeles home; this time "Death to Pigs" (Pigz) is written in blood on a wall, and "Helter Skelter" on the refrigerator door, referring to a song in the Beatles' White Album which Charlie Manson thinks prophesies a race war in which the blacks will kill all whites; on Oct. 12 the Tate-La Bianca Murders of Aug. 8/9 are traced to Charles Manson and three female members of his Manson Family, who are arrested while holing up in the Barker Ranch house in the Panamint Mts. of Calif. W of Death Valley, and who are later given death sentences (later reduced to life imprisonment); after the arrests hippies in the Los Angeles area can no longer count on hitchhiking; meanwhile Manson's female sex slave groupies become environmentalists and eco-terrorists, setting an earth mover on fire in Death Valley after Manson promotes the environmentalist philosophy of ATWA (Air, Trees, Water, Animals) (All the Way Alive), with Manson uttering the soundbyte: "The atmosphere is dying. Anything that sins against the air is a sin against your life. Anybody that sins against the air should be considered a criminal, and any act that's done against the air in any way at all should be considered a crime. The crime is a war against anything anyone any shape or form that is a threat to your survival. he world order of the court in crime and punishment is the air is God. Without the air we cannot survive. Anything that's made in the law should be against the criminals that are destroying your air. The air is all you've got. If you don't come to the realization of your atmosphere, your atmosphere is dying faster every day, because everybody that is play-acting, crime, criminals, law, courts,and religions, are destroying the planet Earth in a holy war to destroy all life and hang it up on the cross with your dead god. You've got to stop all the pollution or there is no life on Earth. The real war against crime is against pollution crime. The new world order does not need a leader, it needs intelligent life forms who can simply understand the simple equations of one and one is two. Air is number one, United States Army Air Force, the sky is number one. Number two, the ground, the green, the trees, the trees. If we don't have the trees, and we don'[t have the green things that give the air, we're not going to have any air. We must consider everybody that's at war with the trees, and the animals, and the water, and the wildlife, they are criminals. It's not the people that are doing the simple little things that you're making into crimes so you can buy and sell it for movies, or buy and sell it for your personal attitudes and prejudices toward your own selves and your children paying the production cost of some silly ass little thing you sell fears by and sell trucks and things that are not really the problem. The problem is you're losing 3 billion trees every day for paper." On Aug. 8 a fire breaks out in Bannerman's Castle (Arsenal) on Pollopel Island on the Hudson River (built 1901-8), causing most of the roof to collapse and crash down to the lower levels. On Aug. 11 the cute-as-monkeys black pop group Jackson 5 (Five) (Jackie, age 19, Tito, age 16, Jermaine, age 14, Marlon, age 11, and Michael, age 10) are introduced to the public by Diana Ross in the Daisy Club in Beverly Hills, Calif; on Dec. 14 they appear on the Ed Sullivan Show and endear themselves to the huge white TV public, going on to score four #1 hits by next year. On Aug. 12 U.S. installations at Quan Loi in Vietnam come under Viet Cong attack. On Aug. 12 King Hussein I replaces PM Abdel Monem Rifai with former PM Bahjat Talhouni. On Aug. 12-14 the Battle of the Bogside erupts in the Bogside area of Derry, North Ireland after a march by the Apprentice Boys of Derry turns into a riot between the Derry Citizens' Defense Assoc. and the Royal Ulster Constabulary, killing eight, injuring hundreds, and burning 2K homes; on Aug. 12 Repub. of Ireland Taoiseach (PM) (1966-73) John Mary "Jack" Lynch (1917-99) gives a speech to the U.N. in which he asks them to deploy a peacekeeping mission in Northern Ireland, followed on Aug. 13 by a speech on RTE in which he utters the soundbytes: "Indeed the present situation is the inevitable outcome of the policies pursued for decades by successive Stormont governments", and: "It is clear also that the Irish government can no longer stand by and see innocent people injured and perhaps worse"; on Aug. 14 British troops arrive in Northern Ireland to intervene after bloodshed in the six counties of Northern Island causes Catholic enclaves in Belfast and Londonderry to build barricades against the Protestant-controlled Royal Ulster Constabulary; the ongoing sectarian violence between Protestants and Catholics, known as The Troubles (1968-98) becomes so intense that the army assumes complete control of security after rioting resumes on Aug. 19; in the next 25 years over 3K (43% Catholic, 30% Protestant) are killed in a 3-way struggle between British troops, the IRA, and Protestant terrorist groups. On Aug. 13 Gen. Lon Nol is unanimously elected PM of Cambodia, replacing the ailing Penn Nouth. On Aug. 13 serious border clashes occur between the Soviet Union and the People's Repub. of China. On Aug. 14 the new Philadelphia U.S. Mint in Penn. opens two blocks from the site of "Ye Olde Mint", becoming the world's largest mint. On Aug. 14 two Cuban expatriates hijack a Boeing 727 from Boston, Mass. to Cuba. On Aug. 14-22 175 mph Category 5 Hurricane Camille strikes Cuba and the Gulf Coast (La., Miss., Ala.) (Aug. 17), killing 259, leaving 200K homeless and causing $1.43B in damage, becoming the second known Category 5 hurricane to hit the U.S. mainland since the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane and the most severe storm since Hurricane Audrey in 1957. What's happening in your neck of the woods? The Baby Boomers try to be a new tribe, a new happening, but become just another consumer society, channeling the worst part of the Crusades? On Aug. 15-18 the Rock and Roll Decade ends appropriately with the Woodstock Music and Art Fair: An Aquarian Exposition: Three Days of Peace and Music, which is held on the muddy 600-acre farm of dairy farmer Max B. Yasgur (1919-73) (who dies of a heart attack in Fla. in 1973) in the Catskill Mts. near Bethel in upstate New York; "What we have in mind is breakfast in bed for four hundred thousand"; Hatha Yogiraj Sri Swami Satchidananda Saraswati (C.K. Ramaswamy Gounder) (1914-2002) opens the festival with prayer; in 1980 he opens the Satchidananda Ashram AKA Yogaville in Buckingham, Va., founding his own brand of the Integral Yoga of Sri Aurobindo, and making celeb disciples incl. Alice Coltrane, Rivers Cuomo, Carole King, Allen Ginsberg, Jeff Goldblum, Laura Nyro, and Liev Schrieber; 300K-500K drugged-and-sexed-out mainly Baby Boomer gen. people (biggest entertainment live audience in history?) endure 20-mi. traffic jams and cruddy weather to hear rock acts, take drugs, and go naked; future "Meet the Press" TV show host Timothy John "Tim" Russert (1950-2008) attends wearing a Buffalo Bills jersey carrying a case of beer; Woodstock rock acts incl. Joan Baez (1941-), The Grateful Dead, Richard P. "Richie" Havens (1941-), James Marshall (Johnny Allen) "Jimi" Hendrix (1942-70), Jefferson Airplane, Santana, The Who, Sha Na Na et al., while showing off and doing things with each other such as nudity, drugs and group sex, and groping for their own utopian society, only to discover VD, ODs, unwanted pregnancies, how much money they've blown, and how the rock acts don't work for free and want to sell them merchandise (advance sales were $1.2M); on Aug. 15 (Fri.) Richie Havens starts things out, scoring a hit with his own version of Motherless Child with an added verse containing the repeated word "freedom", after which 11 performers follow, ending with 3-octave trilling Joan Baez (1941-), who scores with Sweet Sir Galahad (the first song she ever composed), and the "organizing song" Joe Hill; Country Joe McDonald sings Feel-Like-I'm-Fixing-to-Die Rag (The Vietnam Song) using a stage guitar with a rope strap, changing the Fish Cheer to the Fuck Cheer; on Aug. 16 (Sat.) the 11 performers start with Quill, and incl. Santana, Canned Heat, and Janis Joplin; on Aug. 16 Pete Townshend of The Who knocks Abbie Hoffman from the stage as he tries to disrupt the show with a speech about poor John Sinclair, who got a 10-year sentence for possession of one marijuana cig; on Aug. 17 at 8 a.m. #11 Jefferson Airplane caps off the all-day-all-night marathon with eight songs; on Aug. 17 (Sun.) English singer John Robert "Joe" Cocker (1944-) (known for covers of Beatles songs performed with a gritty voice and weird arm movements) begins the official day's events 9 hours late at 2 p.m. with his hit cover of the Beatles hit With a Little Help from My Friends, and it goes all night without finishing; on Aug. 18 at 9 a.m., after most people had left (80K remaining), Jimi Hendrix, the 10th and last performer for Sun. ends the show by giving a 2-hour 17-song perf., ending with a psychedelic rendition of The Star-Spangled Banner on his electric guitar; at frequent intervals an announcer tells the crowd "If you think you've taken poison, you haven't", referring to "bad acid"; a total of three people die at the event, one from a heroin OD, one from falling off a scaffold, and one from being run over by a tractor - let's see, that's EADGB, Every American Dog Goes Bad? On Aug. 17 retired South African dentist Philip Blaiberg (b. 1909) dies 563 days (19 mo. 15 days) after receiving a heart transplant performed by Dr. Christiaan N. Barnard on Jan. 2, 1968, setting a record; since Blaiberg is given the heart of a mixed-race man, the overtones are too sexy for my shirt? On Aug. 18 France begins a limited devaluation of the franc, which de Gaulle had long resisted; meanwhile pres. Georges Pompidou softens his positions on NATO and British admission to the Common Market. On Aug. 18 Rolling Stones singer Mick Jagger is accidentally shot while filming Ned Kelly. On Aug. 19 Guyana and Suriname clash along their border in a dispute over the 6K-sq.-mi. triangle formed by the Courantyne and New Rivers; by Sept. Suriname's outnumbered forces pull out. On Aug. 19-20 the first anniv. of the Soviet invasion causes massive protests in Prague and other Czech cities. On Aug. 20 Indian vice-pres. V.V. (Varahagiri Venkata Giri) (1894-1980) (sponsored by PM Indira Gandhi) narrowly defeats Congress Party candidate Neelam S. Reddy, and on Aug. 24 is sworn-in as pres. of India (until Aug. 23, 1974), becoming "the Rubber Stamp President" for submitting to the will of PM Indira Gandhi. On Aug. 20 Jamaica becomes the 24th member of the Org. of Am. States (OAS). On Aug. 21 the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is partly destroyed by fire, enraging the Arabs; Michael Dennis Rohan, an Australian member of a Christian sect who confesses to setting the fire after reading the June 1967 issue of The Plain Truth by U.S. evangelist Herbert W. Armstrong (citing the Bible Book of Zechariah, 8:7-8) is charged by Israel on Sept. 1; an Arab summit conference of 27 Muslim delegations in Rabat, Morocco on Sept. 21-22 holds Israel responsible, but on Sept. 24 Israel blames it on negligent Muslim guards; on Dec. 30 an Israeli court sends him to a mental hospital - like they should have done to Jesus? On Aug. 21-22 Pres. Nixon meets with South Korean pres. Park Chung-hee to explain his new Nixon Doctrine. On Aug. 22 Gloria O. Smith of N.Y. is crowned the 2nd black Miss Am. On Aug. 28 after his singles "In the Ghetto" and "Suspicous Minds" restore his flagging career, Elvis Presley returns to live performances in Las Vegas. On Aug. 29 a Cuban expatriate hijacks a Boeing 727 from Miami, Fla. to guess where. On Aug. 29 TWA Flight 840 (Boeing 707) is hijacked en route from Rome to Athens by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, who divert it to Damascus; Muslim terrorist babe ("Poster Girl of Palestinian Militancy") Leila Khaled (1944-) has the plane fly over Haifa to see her birthplace, then has her photo taken by Eddie Adams while she holds an AK-47 and wears a kaffiyeh, making her famous and causing her to get plastic surgery to change her appearance, then attempts another hijacking next Sept. 6, and is captured, imprisoned in England, and released on Oct. 1. On Aug. 30-31 the Second Isle of Wight Festival features Bob Dylan, The Band, The Who, The Moody Blues, Joe Cocker, and Richie Havens, and is attended by 150K. On Aug. 31 after pres. (since Mar. 15, 1967) Artur da Costa e Silva suffers a stroke and is removed from office (dying on Dec. 17 from a heart attack, becoming the last Brazilian politician to be on the cover of the U.S. ed. of Time mag.), a 3-man military junta assumes control of Brazil; on Oct. 30 Gen. Emilio Garrastazu Medici (Médici) (1905-85) becomes pres. #28 of Brazil (until Mar. 15, 1974), promulgating the 1969 Brazilian Constitution, which gives even more power to the military regime. In Aug. Britain has its first balance of payments surplus in years, bolstering PM Harold Wilson's Labour govt. In Aug. the first annual Ann Arbor Blues and Jazz Festival in Mich. is held, featuring B.B. King. My litter box secret, arm and hammer to fight odor? On Sept. 1 a group of 70 officers and enlisted men led by 27-y.-o. ascetic never-masturbating fundamentalist Muslim Lt. Muammar (Moammar) Gaddafi (al-Gaddafi) (al-Qadhafi) (al-Qaddafi) (1942-2011) overthrows heirless Libyan king (since Dec. 24 1951) Idris I (1890-1983) in the bloodless September 1 Coup in Benghazi while he's in a Turkish spa receiving medical treatment, and after taking Tripoli they turn the monarchy into the Libyan Arab Repub. (ends 1977), with Gadhafi as chmn. of the Rev. Command Council (RCC) (the old fart had distanced himself from Arab nationalist movements and let the Turks and Italians run him, so he had to go?); on Sept. 4 the Soviet Union recognizes his new regime, followed on Sept. 6 by the U.S.; on Sept. 7 a new cabinet is formed with U.S.-educated technician Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghrabi (1935-2009) as PM (until Jan. 16, 1970), presiding over an 8-member council of ministers consisting of six civilians and two military officers; on Sept. 8 Gadhafi is promoted to Col. and made CIC of the armed forces; he never accepts an official position or promotes himself to gen. to show his dedication to his principles, although he likes the title of "Great Brother Leader of the Revolution"; Gaddafi protects the Christian minority from persecution as long as they accept no political power, which the Vatican terms the Panda Syndrome, which is later copied by Saddam Hussein in Iraq, and Hosni Mubarak in Egypt; in 1989 Idris bin Abdullah al-Senussi (1957-) claims to be heir to the Libyan throne. On Sept. 1 the last U.S. troops leave the Mekong Delta, leaving the South Vietnamese army to fu, er, fend for itself. On Sept. 3 Ho Chi Minh (b. 1890) dies in Hanoi from a heart attack after 15 years as North Vietnamese pres., and on Sept. 24 nat. assembly vice-pres. Ton Duc Thang (1888-1980) succeeds him as pres. #2 (last) of the Dem. Repub. of Vietnam (until July 2, 1976); Indochina Communist Party founding member (1930) Le Duan (1907-86) (#2 behind Ho since 1958 and driving force behind the Vietnam War), gen. secy. of the Vietnam Communist Party since Sept. 10, 1960 forms a triumvirate with Truong Chinh (1907-88) (Chin. "long march") and PM (1955-87) Pham Van Dong (1906-2000); Alexei Kosygin meets at Beijing (Peking) Airport with Zhou Enlai (Chou En-lai) en route home from Ho Chi Minh's funeral in Hanoi, and they discuss Sino-Soviet border clashes earlier in the year in E and C Asia. On Sept. 4 Charles Burke Elbrick (1908-83), new U.S. ambassador to Brazil (until 1970) is kidnapped by revolutionaries near the U.S. embassy in Rio de Janeiro; he is released in Rio seven hours after 15 Brazilian political prisoners are flown to Mexico City and granted asylum. On Sept. 5 Mexico City's first subway line opens between Chapultepec and Zaragoza after 27 mo. of construction, with 16 stations over 7 mi. On Sept. 4 the U.S. FDA issues a Report on Birth Control, calling birth control pills safe despite a slight risk of fatal blood-clotting disorders. On Sept. 5 Lt. William Calley is charged with six counts of premeditated murder for the deaths of 109 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai. On Sept. 5 the Calif. Supreme Court rules in People v. Dr. Leon Phillip Belous that the state's 1850 anti-abortion law is inconvenient, er, unconstitutional; in Nov. Washington, D.C. district court judge Gerhard A. Gesell (1910-93) rules that the district's anti-abortion laws are unconstitutional. On Sept. 6 (Sat.) the children's TV program H.R. Pufnstuf, by Montreal, Canada-born brothers Sid Krofft (Cydus Yolas) (1929-) and Marty Krofft (Moshopopoulos Yolas) (1937-) debuts on NBC-TV for 17 episodes (until Dec. 27, 1969), about a friendly dragon mayor on Living Island who finds a lost boy named Jimmy (Jack Wild), whose friend Freddie is a talking golden flute, and who ends up fighting wicked witch Wilhelmina W. Witchiepoo (Billie Hayes), who rides on the Vroom Broom, complete with steering wheel; the opening theme tells the entire story. On Sept. 7 Everett Dirksen (b. 1896), Repub. leader in the Senate since 1959 dies, and on Sept. 24 Hugh Doggett Scott Jr. (1900-94) (R.-Penn.) becomes U.S. Senate minority leader, with Robert Paul Griffin (1923-) (R.-Mich.) replacing Scott as minority whip - everybody needs a dependable, affordable politician? On Sept. 7 Episcopal bishop James Albert Pike (b. 1913) is found dead 2 mi. from the Dead Sea in the Judean wilderness three days after his car breaks down, his wife goes for help, and he ends up falling off a cliff - looking for Dead Sea Scrolls? On Sept. 7 a man hijacks a DC-8 from New York City to Cuba. On Sept. 9 Allegheny Airlines Flight 853 (DC-9) collides with a single-engine Piper PA-28 being flown by a student pilot over Fairland (near Shelbyville), Ind., killing 83. On Sept. 10 a Puerto Rican attempts to hijack a DC-8 en route to San Juan to Cuba, and ends up in a mental institution in 1970-1. On Sept. 11 (Thur.) the comedy-drama series Room 222 debuts on ABC-TV for 112 episodes (until Jan. 11, 1974), starring African-Am. actor Samuel Lloyd Haynes (1934-86) as teacher Pete Dixon, African-Am. actress Donna Denise Nichols (1944-) as guidance counselor Liz McIntyre, Michael Constantine (Constantine Ioannides) (1927-) as principal Seymour Kaufman, and Karen Lynne Valentine (1947-) as teacher Alice Johnson. On Sept. 12 Pres. Nixon orders a resumption of bombing in North Vietnam; duh, while the B-52 were not being used there, they carpet-bombed the pesky tunnels in the Iron Triangle, causing some to cave in, and if they had kept it up, they might have turned the tide? On Sept. 13 John Lennon and Yoko Ono present the Plastic Ono Band in concert for the first time at the Toronto Peace Festival in Canada, becoming Lennon's first public rock performance without the Beatles since meeting Paul McCartney in 1957; they are backed by Eric Clapton, Klaus Voormann, and Alan White; the festival also features Chuck Berry, Chicago, Bo Diddley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Little Richard. On Sept. 13 the South Korean Nat. Assembly holds a secret session permitting pres. Park Chung-hee to stand for a 3rd term despite a constitutional term amendment, getting an amendment approved by a referendum on Oct. 17. On Sept. 13 (Sat.) the Hanna-Barbera Productions animated series Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?, created by Joe Ruby and Ken Spears debuts on CBS-TV (until 1976, then ABC-TV until 1986), about Mystery Inc. teenies Fred Jones (blonde) (Frank Welker), Daphne Blake (redhead) (Indira Stefanianna Christopherson), Velma Dinkley (brunette) (Nicole Jaffe), and Norville "Shaggy" Rogers (brunette) (Casey Kasem), who solve allegedly supernatural creature mysteries with their talking brown Great Dane Scooby-Doo (Don Messick) after traveling in their Mystery Machine, a psychedelic flower power van, becoming a giant hit, with a 65% audience share; the theme song is by Austin Roberts; watch theme. On Sept. 14 the oil tanker SS Manhattan becomes the first commercial ship to conquer the Northwest Passage, opening Alaskan oil fields in Prudhoe Bay to the U.S. E coast. On Sept. 14 (Sun.) the sitcom The Bill Cosby Show debuts on NBC-TV for 52 episodes (until Mar. 21, 1974), sponsored by Procter & Gamble, starring William Henry "Bill" Cosby Jr. (1937-) as physical education teacher Chet Kincaid at a h.s. in Los Angeles, Calif., becoming the first African-Am. to star in his/her own eponymous comedy series. On Sept. 15 (Mon.) Mel Shavelson's sitcom My World and Welcome to It debuts on NBC-TV for 26 episodes (until Mar. 8, 1970), based on the cartoons of James Thurber, starring William Windom (1923-2012) as cartoonist-writer John Monroe. On Sept. 16 the 24th U.N. Gen. Assembly convenes, and Angie Elizabeth Brooks (1928-2007) of Liberia is elected pres., becoming the 2nd woman and 1st African woman in the post, taking office on Jan. 1 1970 (until Dec. 17) On Sept. 16 Pres. Nixon announces the withdrawal of 35K more U.S. troops from South Vietnam by Dec., and signs a bill increasing the salaries of the vice-pres., speaker of the House, and other congressional leaders - sounds like a lost puppy story? On Sept. 17 (Wed.) the sitcom The Courtship of Eddie's Father debuts on ABC-TV for 73 episodes (until Mar. 1, 1972), based on the 1963 movie, starring Wilfred Bailey Everett "Bill" Bixby (1934-93) as 30-something widowed mag. publisher Tom Corbett in Los Angeles, Calif. who tries to raise his mischievous 6-y.-o. son Eddie, played by Brandon Edwin Cruz (1962-), who tries to manipulate him into hooking up with women; Japanese-born Miyoshi Umeki (1929-2007) plays housekeeper Mrs. Livingston. On Sept. 17 (Wed.) the adventure-drama series Then Came Bronson debuts on NBC-TV for 26 episodes (until Sept. 9, 1970), starring Michael (Harry Samuel) Parks (1938-), who drives a 1969 Harley-Davidson motorcycle and wears a cool black leather jacket. On Sept. 18 two days of labor rioting cause martial law to be raised again in Rosario, Argentina. On Sept. 22-25 an Islamic conference in Rabat, Morocco, caused by the Al-Aqsa Mosque fire of Aug. 21 condemns the Israeli ownership of Jerusalem, and results in the formation of the 57-member Org. of the Islamic Conference (OIC) (Org. of Islamic Criminals?), which becomes the 2nd largest inter-govt. body after the U.N.; its flag is green (Islam's color), with a red crescent Moon in a white disc with the legend "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest). On Sept. 23 (Tues.) the medical drama Marcus Welby, M.D. debuts on ABC-TV for 170 episodes (until 1976), starring "Father Knows Best" actor Robert George Young (1907-98), becoming the network's biggest hit to date; James Brolin (1940-) plays Dr. Steve Kiley, and Elena Verdugo (1925-) plays office asst. Consuelo Lopez. On Sept. 23 (Tues.) the ABC Movie of the Week debuts on ABC-TV, helping it achieve parity with CBS and NBC in audience ratings with 90-min. made-for-TV films venturing into cool areas avoided by Hollywood such as drugs, homosexuality, and the Vietnam War, launching the meteoric rise of Jewish-Am. studio exec Barry Diller (1942-), who becomes chmn. of Paramount Pictures in 1974. You develop your own unique way of moving as a baby? On Sept. 24 the govt. show Trial of the Chicago Eight begins in Chicago, Ill., with judge Julius Hoffman (1925-) presiding over the case of U.S. v. Dellinger et al.; New York-born Jewish civil rights atty. (ACLU dir. since 1964) William Moses Kunstler (1919-95) defends David Dellinger (1915-2004), Rennard Cordon "Rennie" Davis (1941-), Thomas Emmet "Tom" Hayden (1939-), Abbot Howard "Abbie" Hoffman (1936-89), Robert George "Bobby" Seale (1936-), Jerry Rubin (1938-94), Lee Weiner (1937-) (a univ. lecturer), and John R. Froines (a chem. prof.) against charges of violating the antiriot clause of the U.S. Civil Rights Act (an oxymoron?) during the 1968 Nat. Dem. Convention; the trial begins to demonstrations outside the courthouse, and Seale ends up bound and gagged on Oct. 20 after railing at the judge, receiving a record four years for contempt in Nov. and being signed, sealed and delivered from the case, to make it the Chicago Seven; after a boisterous trial, featuring testimony by protest singer Phil Ochs, who is allowed to recite the lyrics to his song "I Ain't Marching Anymore", then sings it on the courthouse steps for the CBS Evening News, they are found not guilty of conspiracy on Feb. 18, 1970, two are acquitted of all charges, the rest are acquitted of the conspiracy charge, but five are convicted of crossing state lines to incite a riot, receiving five years and $5K fines, after which the convictions are all reversed by the U.S. Appeals Court on Nov. 21, 1972 on the grounds of bias by the judge; meanwhile the eight police officers indicted are acquitted or get the charges dismissed; "Abbie used to call me the catalyst when we were at the Chicago Seven trial; I guess that's what I am" (Jerry Rubin). On Sept. 24 Deep Purple performs "Concerto for Group and Orchestra" at the Royal Albert Hall in London with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, becoming the first major collaboration between a rock band and an orchestra. On Sept. 24 a Cuban hijacks a DC-8 from Charleston, S.C. to Cuba. On Sept. 24 (Wed.) the medical drama series Medical Center debuts on CBS-TV for 171 episodes (until Sept. 6, 1976), set in a univ. hospital in Los Angeles, Calif., starring James Firman Daly (1918-78) as mature experienced Dr. Paul Lochner, and Chad Everett (Raymond Lee Cramton) (1937-2012) as young whippersnapper Dr. Joe Gannon, becoming the longest-running medical drama on U.S. TV along with "Marcus Welby, M.D." On Sept. 26 the Beatles release their ultra-cool (best?) 12th and last album Abbey Road in the U.K. (Oct. 1 in the U.S.); recorded at Abbey Road Studios, it sells 20M copies and comes in #2 behind "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" (30M copies) as the two best-selling albums of the decade; the album cover shows the Beatles walking across Abbey Road, with John in front dressed like a minister, followed by Ringo dressed in a funeral-going suit, then Paul barefoot like a cadaver, with George bringing up the rear dressed in work clothes like a gravedigger, fueling the Paul Is Dead Hoax, begun by amateur sleuths finding clues in album covers and backwards-played records, and launched in the U.S. on Oct. 21 when Detroit, Mich. DJ Russell "Uncle Russ" Gibb (1931-) of WKNR-FM announces it, after which it spreads worldwide, fed by studio tricks engineered into this and prior releases, esp. the 1967 song I Am the Walrus, which cause mysterious suggestive words to be heard when played backwards, along with Strawberry Fields Forever, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Revolution 9, Yesterday, et al., building into a story that Paul McCartney died in an auto accident and was replaced by lookalike William Stuart Campbell, who has a scar on his upper lip; after taking his new wife Linda and two children on holiday in Scotland, Paul utters the alternate universe soundbyte: "If I were dead, I'd be the last to know", which doesn't help, but the hoax starts to dissipate after McCartney appears alive on the Nov. 7 cover of Life mag., although the rumors persist - a brilliant publicity stunt to save a dying franchise that backfires, or the truth of why they had to break up? Speaking of something being dead and hiring an impersonator? The last gasp of White is Right on U.S. TV, only this time it's got persistent family-unfriendly sexual undertones? On Sept. 26 (Fri.) the comedy series The Brady Bunch debuts on ABC-TV for 117 episodes (until Aug. 30, 1974), portraying a still lily-white straight U.S., and based on an article claiming that 30% of people who married in 1965 had kids from a previous marriage; too bad, closet gay Robert Reed (1932-92) (who later dies of AIDS) plays daddy architect Michael Paul "Mike" Brady, who dislikes publicly kissing straight Florence Agnes Henderson (1934-2016), who plays mommy Carol Ann Brady, while lifelong Roman Catholic er, Episcopalian virgin Ann Bradford Davis (1926-2014) plays housekeeper Alice; the sons are Barry Williams (1954-) (Greg) (who is rumored to be doing Henderson and/or McCormick), Christopher Anton Knight (1957-) (Peter), and Michael Lookinland (1960-) (Bobby); the daughters are Maureen Denise McCormick (1956-) (Marcia), Eve Aline Plumb (1958-) (Jan), and Susan Olsen (1961-) (Cindy); mini-John Denver (Dutch Boy haircut, wire-rimmed glasses) Robert Anthony "Robbie" Rist (1964-) appears in the final season as Cousin Oliver, later claiming that he "killed the show"; Robert Reed doesn't appear in the final episode; McCormick later claims to have had lez encounters with Plumb. On Sept. 28 elections in West Germany give Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger and his Christian Dem. Union too tenuous a lead to form a govt., and the Social Dems. and Free Dems. join in a coalition govt. On Sept. 28 Alexander Dubcek is deposed from the ruling presidium of the Czech Communist Party, and the Central Committee purges 29 progressives and liberals from the federal assembly; Oldrich Cernik, a former supporter of the Prague Spring who was forced to visit the Soviet Paradise to get his mind right forms a new cabinet, quickly disavowing the "errors" that he and others have committed against the Holy Cow of Communism. On Sept. 29 the Apollo 11 astronauts and their wives begin a 22-nation goodwill and propaganda tour - the U.S. rocks, the Soviet Union sucks, look at us, we walked on the Moon? On Sept. 29 (Mon.) the comedic anthology series Love, American Style debuts on ABC-TV for 108 episodes (until Jan. 11, 1974); in the 1971-2 season it switches to Fri. as part of the ABC Friday prime-time lineup incl. "The Brady Bunch", "The Patridge Family", "Room 222", and "The Odd Couple". On Sept. 30 (midnight) Nazi war criminals Albert Speer (1905-81) (German minister of armaments) and Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (1907-74) (head of the Hitler Youth) are freed from Spandau Prison after serving their 20-year prison sentences; Speer smuggled 1.2K pages of memoirs out during his time, and later pub. two books from them - one look at the hippies, blacks, and gays on German streets and they beg to be let back in? In Sept. a meeting between Pres. Nixon and Israeli PM Golda Meir accepts Israel's nukes. In Sept. the Second Report on Oral Contraceptives is released by the FDA Advisory Committee on Obstetrics and Gynecology, concluding that side effects will produce fatalities in only about 255 of 8.5M U.S. women now on the Pill, and that benefits outweigh risks - because I never give in unless I'm falling in love? In Sept. Robert Charles Joseph Edward Sabatini "Bob" Guccione (1930-2010) begins U.S. pub. of Penthouse mag. (founded in London in Mar. 1965), which outdoes Playboy in eschewing the use of an airbrush to eliminate pubic hair from nude photos, causing newsstand sales to overtake Playboy in 1975 - it's right on my leg, I'm still like a rat in a cage? On Oct. 1 75-y.-o. Chmn. Mao ascends the vermillion Gate of Heavenly Peace in S Beijing for the 20th anniv. of Nat. Day, and 500K people chanting Mao quotations and pounding gongs and drums stream by; the Beijing Subway begins operation. On Oct. 1 Sven Olof Joachim Palme (1927-86) is elected leader of Sweden's Social Dem. Party, succeeding retiring Tage Erlander; on Oct. 14 he becomes PM of Sweden (until Oct. 8, 1976, then Oct. 8-1982-Feb. 28, 1986), backing the Green Party while saving nuclear power in 1980 by intervening in a referendum. On Oct. 1 the Concorde supersonic airline reaches 714 mph, breaking the sound barrier as advertised - serve me a fru-fru drink with an umbrella? On Oct. 3 Social Dem. Party (SPD) leader and former foreign minister Willy Brandt (1913-92) forms a coalition with Free Dem. Party leader Walter Scheel to form a slim 12-seat majority in the Bundestag, and on Oct. 21 he is elected West Germany's 4th chancellor by the Bundestag (until 1974), becoming the first Socialist chancellor since 1930, and the youngest (55), going on to pursue the policy of Ostpolitic, recognizing Eastern European Soviet satellite nations. On Oct. 3 the Greek govt. announces the abolition of the Censorship Dept. and the restoration of freedom of press; on Dec. 12 Greece quits the 18-nation Council of Europe rather than face expulsion for its human rights record after being accused by the council in May and barring access to jails by the European Human Rights Commission. On Oct. 5 Cuban defector Lt. Eduardo Guerra Jimenez enters U.S. air space undetected and lands his Soviet-made MiG-17 at Homestead Air Force Base near Miami, Fla., where Air Force One is waiting to return the pres. to Washington, D.C. - my name Jose Jimenez? On Oct. 5 the comedy series Monty Python's Flying Circus debuts on BBC-TV for 45 episodes (until Dec. 5, 1974), starring Oxford and Cambridge-educated comedians Graham Chapman (1941-89), John Marwood Cleese (1939-), Terrence Vance "Terry" Gilliam (1940-) (born in the U.S.), Eric Idle (1943-), Terence Graham Parry "Terry" Jones (1942-), and Michael Edward Palin (1943-); its sophisticated, surrealistic skits are filled with the peculiar British sense of humour (ends 1974). On Oct. 6 the Weathermen blow up a statue in Chicago, Ill. commemorating the police victims of the May 4, 1886 Haymarket Riot; on Oct. 9-11 the Chicago Days of Rage demonstration over the Chicago Eight Trial, led by Bernardine Dohrn (1942-) and her hubby William Charles "Bill" Ayers (1944-) of the radical Weatherman org. sees the 2.5K Nat. Guardsmen called in to control violence on Oct. 11, resulting in three shot and 300 arrested; the group then goes underground, becoming the Weather Underground, later described by the FBI as a "domestic terorist group"; "Kill all the rich people, break up their cars and apartments, bring the revolution home, kill your parents" (Ayers). On Oct. 7 police and firefighters in Montreal, Canada go on strike for higher pay, causing the govt. to order them back to work on Oct. 8. On Oct. 8 Norodom Sihanouk permits 40K North Vietnamese forces to invade Cambodia and advance into the center of the country - so much for neutrality? On Oct. 7 a Cruzeiro do Sol Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravalle VI R en route from Belem to Manaus, Brazil is hijacked by four persons to Cuba. On Oct. 9 a man hijacks a DC-8 from Los Angeles, Calif. to Cuba. On Oct. 9 U.S. ambassador J. William Middendorf II presents Netherlands PM Willem Drees with a Moon rock from Apollo 11; too bad, in 2009 the Rijksmuseum announces that it is made of petrified wood from Ariz., giving conspiracy theorists a boost. On Oct. 11 after attacking Bryan Hartnell (1949-) (six stabs in the back) and killing his girlfriend earlier in the year, the Zodiac Killer, who has first become known to the public in July after he starts sending encrypted letters to the San Francisco Examiner signed with the crossed circle symbol of Zodiac brand watches shoots and kills San Francisco Yellow Cab driver Paul Stine (b. 1940) at Cherry and Washington Sts. in Presidio Heights, becoming his last known murder; meanwhile San Francisco detective David "Dave" Toschi (1931-) is put in charge of the case, and focuses on suspect Arthur Leigh Allen (1933-92), but the case is never solved, and Toschi is accused of forging a letter from the Zodiac killer to the San Francisco Chronicle, ending his career, even though he is later cleared; Steve McQueen bases his "Bullitt" char., and Clint Eastwood his "Dirty Harry" char. on Toschi; after the case is closed, SF Chronicle editorial cartoonist Robert Graysmith (1942-) continues a decades-long amateur detective search for him, but he is never found. On Oct. 11 Victor Arbuckle (b. 1930) is killed on Shankill Road in Belfast by Protestant Loyalists, becoming the first British police officer killed in the Troubles of North Ireland; the British Army shoots and kills two civilians later that day. On Oct. 11 Soyuz 6 is launched carrying cosmonauts Georgi Stepanovich Shonin (1935-97) and Valery Nikolayevich Kubasov (1935-), followed on Oct. 12 by Soyuz 7, carrying Anatoly Vassilyevich Filipchenko (1928-), Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (1935-), and Viktor Vassilyevich Gorbatko (1934-), followed on Oct. 13 by Soyuz 8, carrying Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov (1927-) and Alexei S. Yeliseyev (1943-), becoming the first triple launch; they orbit the Earth simultaneously until Oct. 18, doing who knows what (something about a future space lab), but never going to you know where, the Moon; Soyuz 6 cosmonauts perform the first space welding experiments. On Oct. 11-16 after being assigned to the new NL East and never finishing higher than 9th out of 10 in their previous seven seasons, the New York Mets (NL) (founded 1962), led by righty pitcher (#41) (1967-77) George Thomas "Tom Terrific" Seaver (1944-2020) cap their "Miracle Season", winning the Sixty-Sixth (66th) (1969) World Series by 4-1 in Game 5, a 5-3 win over the heavily-favored Baltimore Orioles (AL), winning the last four straight, becoming known as "the Miracle Mets" and "the Amazin' Mets"; umpire Henry Charles "Shag" Crawford (1916-2007) ejects Baltimore mgr. Earl Stanley Weaver (1930-2013) in Game 4; the first time that the reigning World Series and Super Bowl winners are from the same area (next time 1979); the Mets receive a ticker tape parade in New York City, their 2nd of the decade (1962) (next 1986); Tom Seaver becomes known as "the Franchise". On Oct. 12 Pres. Nixon utters the soundbyte: "I will say confidently that looking ahead just three years the war will be over... on a lasting basis that will promote lasting peace in the Pacific." On Oct. 14 the Soviets launch the scientific satellite Intercosmos I, carrying experiments from other Warsaw Pact countries. On Oct. 15 the first Vietnam Moratorium Day, organized by the New Mobilization Committee to End the War draws 750K protesters in Washington, D.C., becoming the largest protest in U.S. history to date, demanding that troops be brought back immediately but forming no consensus as to the best or fastest means of achieving peace. On Oct. 15 Somalian pres. #2 (since June 10, 1967) Abdi Rashid Ali Shermarke (b. 1919) is assassinated while visiting the the town of Las Anod in the drought-stricken NE (the true Los Eiseley in Star Wars?) by his bodyguard, causing PM Mohammed Ibrahim Egal to rush back from Palm Springs, Calif. (where he had been visiting actor William Holden) for the funeral on Oct. 20; too bad, on Oct. 21 the Supreme Rev. Council bloodlessly seizes power, dissolves the legislature, and arrests govt. leaders, incl. Egal, and on Oct. 21 Marxist strongman Gen. Mohammed Siad Barre (1919-95) is named pres. #3 of the Red China-friendly Somalian Dem. Repub, and orders the U.S. Peace Corps to leave; after cracking down on fundamentalist Muslims and executing 10 prominent scholars, the underground Islamic militant Islamic Courts Union (ICU) arises, later spawning Al-Shabaab. On Oct. 17 French Dominican priest Father Charles Damien Boulogne (b. 1911) dies after surviving 523 days (since May 12, 1968) with a heart transplant, the 2nd longest ever; coincidentally, the Father Damien Statue is unveiled in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda on Apr. 15 (Father Damien Day). On Oct. 18 the U.S. govt. bans artificial sweeteners known as cyclamates after claiming evidence that they cause cancer in lab rats, removing them from its GRAS (generally recognized as safe) list and announcing plans to remove products from stores; the validity of the tests are questioned, and influence by the rival sugar industry is suspected, since 10K tons of cyclamates are used in the U.S. each year vs. 10M tons of sugar; later the Nat. Cancer Inst. feeds a group of monkeys the equivalent of 30 cans of cyclamate soda per day for 17 years without developing signs of illness, and the Nat. Academy of Sciences later concludes that "the totality of evidence from studies in animals does not indicate that cyclamate is carcinogenic", but the U.S. keeps its ban for over 30 years (until 2000) despite over 50 countries incl. Canada permitting them. On Oct. 19 amid signs of deepening divisions in the Communist world, formal border conferences begin in Beijing. On Oct. 21 Japan celebrates Anti-War Day, with huge student protests. On Oct. 21 Chilean pres. Eduardo Frei Montalva proclaims a state of siege after two army regiments revolt. On Oct. 21 Aga Khan IV marries Indian-born Sarah Frances Croker-Poole, a top London model going by the name of Sally Stuart, who becomes Princess Salima Aga Khan (1940-), the Begum Aga Khan; they divorce in 1995 - what James Bond 007 episode was that? On Oct. 21 a man hijacks a Boeing 720 from Mexico City to Cuba; he commits suicide on Sept. 28, 1970. On Oct. 22 Lebanese PM Rashid Karami resigns for the 2nd time in 6 mo. over the anti-guerrilla policy of Pres. Charles Helou. On Oct. 22 Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan (1918-2004) of Abu Dhabi is elected as pres. #1 of the Federation of Arab Emirates to a 2-year term (until 1971), followed by pres. of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) from 1971-2004. On Oct. 22 Pres. Nixon signs legislation designed to encourage banks to make federally-guaranteed loans for college students - guaranteeing them a life of debt? On Oct. 25 300 guerrillas invade Lebanon from Syria, seeking bases for raids against Israel. On Oct. 28 Sudan's PM Babiker Awadalla is deposed by the Rev. Command Council and replaced by its chmn. Maj. Gen. Gaafar (Jaafar) (Jafir) Mohamed Nimeiri (Nimeri) - more Star Trek character names? On Oct. 29 Iraq ratifies the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, pledging to not manufacture nuclear weapons :) On Oct. 29 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in Alexander v. Holmes Board of Education to order immediate school desegregation, superseding the previous "with all deliberate speed" ruling, pissing-off George Wallace, who calls the Burger Court "no better than the Warren Court", and calls the justices "limousine hypocrites" - hey, you can still watch The Brady Bunch and pretend? On Oct. 30 Christie's of London auctions a bundle of Napoleon's personal artifacts, which is rumored to incl. a "mummified tendon", i.e., his penis. On Oct. 31 the N Calif. hippie commune Wheeler Ranch is raided by federal agents and police, and after a female resident is arrested, Bill Wheeler objects, getting assaulted then charged with assault by the sacred cow assaulters; too bad, the jury doesn't buy it and acquits them, but the pigs are never charged with a drop of lard? On Oct. 31-Nov. 1 decorated U.S. Marine (from seattle) Raffaele Minichiello (1950-) stages a spectacular TWA airplane hijacking in Denver, Colo., and lands near Rome 14 hours later, where he is arrested by Italian authorities, becoming the first transatlantic hijacking; he is released from prison in 1971. In Oct. the FCC orders cable TV (CATV) systems with 3.5K or more subscribers to originate some of their own programs by 1-1-71; they later extend the date to Apr. 1, 1971. In Oct. the Girl Scouts of the U.S. unsuccessfully try to get an injunction against some Girl Scout: Be Prepared Posters by Personality Posters Manufacturing Co. which show a pregnant Girl Scout, and are a lampoon on contraceptive ads; it takes unti. Oct. 2008 for the Boy Scout Scouting book to incl. advice on how to be prepared on sexual health matters. In Oct. the zillion-star restaurant Le Bec Fin in Philadelphia, Penn. opens, run by Lyons-born chef Georges Perrier (1943-), serving 140 people at a total of nine tables per evening and becoming the top restaurant in the U.S.; meanwhile the famous New York restaurant Lindy's (founded 1921) closes after 48 years on Broadway. On Nov. 3 Pres. Nixon gives his Silent Majority Speech on nat. TV, written by his speechwriter Patrick Joseph "Pat" Buchanan (1938-), announcing his Vietnamization Program to shift the fighting from U.S. to South Vietnamese troops, and asking the "great silent majority of my fellow Americans" to join him in solidarity with the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies, causing millions of Dems. to end up supporting him; he delivers the speech from his Wilson Desk at the White House, claiming it was used by Pres. Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924), when actually it was only used by Pres. Grant's vice-pres. Henry Wilson; meanwhile on Oct. 19 vice-pres. Spiro Agnew, scripted by Buchanan begins a campaign against liberal bias in the media in New Orleans, La., uttering the soundbyte: "A spirit of national masochism prevails, encouraged by an effete core of impudent snobs who characterize themselves as intellectuals"; on Nov. 13 he delivers his No More Than a Dozen Anchormen speech, with the soundbyte: "Now how is this network news determined? A small group of men, numbering perhaps no more than a dozen anchormen, commentators, and executive producers, settle upon the 20 minutes or so of film and commentary that's to reach the public... from the 90 to 180 minutes that may be available... They decide what 40 to 50 million Americans will learn of the day's events in the nation and in the world... read the same newspapers... draw their political and social views from the same sources... talk constantly to one another, thereby providing artificial reinforcement to their shared viewpoint". On Nov. 4 John V. Lindsay is retained as mayor of New York City, while Carl B. Stocks is retained as mayor of Cleveland. On Nov. 4 two men hijack a Nicaraguan airliner en route from Miami, Fla. to Mexico, and land in Cuba. On Nov. 5 the U.S. Senate votes 65-14 to ask the U.S. pres. to seek their advice and consent before returning Okinawa to Japan. On Nov. 7 the Rolling Stones open their U.S. tour in Ft. Collins, Colo. On Nov. 8 Simon (child-molester moustache?) and Garfunkel (Bride of Frankenstein hair?) give a concert at Southern Ill. U. in Carbondale, Ill., which is not released until 1999; on Nov. 11 they give a concert at Miami U. in Oxford, Ohio, followed by another at Iowa State U. in Ames, Iowa; on Nov. 30 their TV special Songs of America airs, featuring anti-Vietnam War and anti-poverty songs. On Nov. 9 a group of Amerindians, led by Richard Oakes (1942-72) seizes abandoned Alcatraz Island; on Nov. 20 he returns with 90 Amerindian college students and offers to buy the island for $24, and ends up occupying it in the name of "Indians of All Tribes" for 19 mo. (until Jan. 1970). It's finally time to rock and roll in Tyrol, the part of Italy that thinks it's in Germany? On Nov. 10 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Child Protection and Toy Safety Act of 1969, banning the interstate sale of toys that are "dangerous due to electrical, mechanical, or thermal hazards", with HEW responsible for its enforcement; previously only toxic, corrosive, or flammable toys were regulated. On Nov. 10 the Children's Television Workshop's educational daytime TV program Sesame Street debuts in the U.S. on PBS-TV (until ?), starting a rev. in childhood learning by teaching preschoolers letters and numbers and inculcating racial tolerance; producer Joan Ganz Cooney (1929-) is backed by the Ford Foundation, Carnegie Corp., and the U.S. Office of Education; Jim Henson's Muppets debut, incl. Kermit the Frog, Oscar the Grouch, Big Bird, the Cookie Monster, Bert and Ernie (named after chars. in the 1946 film "It's a Wonderful Life"), and Grover; Big Bird is designed by Kermit Ernest Hollingshead Love (1916-2008), known for designing the 28-ft. marionette giant for Don Quixote (1965); Kermit the Frog is named for Henson's childhood friend Theodore Kermit Scott Jr. (1936-2008); Kermit's theme song is (It's Not Easy) Bein' Green, by Joseph Guilherme "Joe" Raposo Jr. (1937-89); the series goes on to reach an audience of 235M in 85 countries; James Earl Jones (1931-) is the first guest celeb.; in 1979 Saudi Arabia bans the Muppets because Miss Piggy violates their halal food code. On Nov. 12 Jewish-Am. investigative journalist Seymour Myron "My" Hersh (1937-) breaks the 1968 My Lai Massacre story, and on Nov. 20 explicit photos of the corpses are pub. in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, and the U.S. Army admits to it - let me finish before you begin booing? On Nov. 12 a bomb explodes at Manhattan's Criminal Court bldg., becoming the 8th govt. or corporate bldg. bombed since July 26; four militant radicals are arrested, incl. Jane Hale Alpert (1945-), who jumps bail; Pat Swinton is also sought in connection but evades the fuzz until Mar. 1975. On Nov. 12 the Syndicate, composed of right-wingers of the ruling Congress Party expels Indira Gandhi, but the lower house of parliament gives her overwhelming support, causing the Syndicate to form the opposition Congress Parliamentary Party under Ram Subhag Singh. On Nov. 13 speaking in Des Moines, Iowa, Vice-Pres. Spiro T. Agnew accuses network TV news depts. of bias and distortion, and urges viewers to lodge complaints - he's really thinking about Sesame Street? The U.S. rubs it in to the Soviet Union that they are being left behind by Capitalism and not burying it? On Nov. 14 the U.S. launches Apollo 12 from Cape Kennedy, carrying astronauts Alan LaVern Bean (1932-), Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr. (1930-99), and Richard Francis Gordon Jr. (1929-); on Nov. 19 Conrad and Bean make man's 2nd landing on the Moon in the lunar module Intrepid in the Ocean of Storms (Oceanus Procellarum), and make two 4-hour excursions in a 15-hour period (the first lunar jumping bean?); "Whoopee! Man, that may have been a small one for Neil, but that's a long one for me" (Conrad, said to win a $500 bet with Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci to prove that NASA doesn't script astronaut comments); lab instruments detect that the landing causes the Moon's surface to vibrate for 55 min., leading to theories that it is composed of many fragile rock layers; they splash down in the South Pacific on Nov. 24, and are recovered by the USS Hornet. On Nov. 14 the Second Vietnam Moratorium Day sees 250K in Washington, D.C. and 100K in San Francisco stage a "March Against Death", causing police to surround the White House with D.C. Transit buses parked bumper-to-bumper, while Pres. Nixon watches a football game on TV inside; police use tear gas to disperse demonstrators gathered in front of the U.S. Justice Dept., and the anti-Vietnam War left charges the FBI and the CIA with spying on them and breaking into their offices. On Nov. 15 the Soviet nuclear submarine K-19 ("Hiroshima") collides with the U.S. sub USS Gato (SSN-615) ("the Goalkeeper") ("the Black Cat") in the Barents Sea. On Nov. 15 regular color TV broadcasts begin on BBC1 and ITV in the U.K. On Nov. 15 Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, founded by greasy-shoed Rex David "Dave" Thomas (1932-2002) (a Freemason) opens in Columbus, Ohio, named after his 8-y.-o. red-pigtailed daughter Melinda Lou "Wendy" Thomas (1961-) (portrayed in the logo), featuring fresh sandwiches with a choice of dressings, going on to capture 13% of the fast-food hamburger market with square-shaped burgers made from fresh (greasy?) meat, antique decor, and thick "Frosty" milk shakes, becoming #3 behind Burger King and McDonald's; on Jan. 2006 they move their HQ to Dublin, Ohio. On Nov. 17 negotiators from the Soviet Union and U.S. meet in Helsinki to begin the SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic nuclear weapons. On Nov. 19 Congress amends the U.S. Selective Service Act of 1967 to permit the pres. to use a "random selection" for the draft based on birthday, and on Dec. 1 the U.S. govt. holds its First Draft Lottery since World War II (1942), setting the order of selection for military service in 1970; 19-y.-o. males are now eligible, along with those with expired college deferments; all numbers lower than 196 are later called to report; too bad, on Jan. 4, 1970 the New York Times pub. the article Statisticians Charge Draft Lottery Was Not Random, exposing a flaw that causes men born in the later months of the year to be more likely to be drafted - duh, TLW was born in January, leave it alone? On Nov. 19-21 Japanese PM Eisaku Sato visits the U.S. for the 3rd time, and receives a pledge to "revert" Okinawa to Japan in 1972 after first removing nukes, which is announced on Nov. 21; the 1960 mutual security treaty is to continue in effect indefinitely, subject to termination on 1-year notice; the U.S. base on Okinawa would have the same status as other U.S. bases in Japan. On Nov. 20 the Cleveland Plain Dealer pub. explicit photos of Dead Villagers from the My Lai Massacre in Vietnam. On Nov. 20 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. and his chief deputy Lawrence E. Walsh resign as U.S. delegates to the Paris peace talks, effective Dec. 8; Philip Charles Habib (1920-92) (born in Brooklyn, N.Y. of Lebanese Marionite Christian parents) replaces Lodge. On Nov. 20 after lobbying by the Sierra Club, Audubon Society, and Environmental Defense Fund, Pres. Nixon announces an end to residential use of DDT as part of a total phase-out; their research was flawed, resulting in the effort to eradicate malaria becoming doomed? On Nov. 20 the South Tyrol People's Party accepts Italian proposals for autonomy of the former province of Alto Adige, now to be called South Tyrol (Sud Tirol); the Italian govt. approves in Dec., and the Austrian govt. on Dec. 16 - good place for pinot bianco wine? On Nov. 20 a Nigerian Airways DC-10 crashes near Iju, Nigeria (near Lagos), killing 87. On Nov. 21 the U.S. Senate votes 55-45 to reject the Aug. 18 nomination of Greenville, S.C.-born Dem. Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr. (1912-89) (graduate of and great-great-grandson of the founder of Furman U. in Greenville, S.C.) to the Supreme Court, becoming the first rejection since 1930; New Orleans, La.-born Repub. John Minor Wisdom (1905-99) of the Fifth Circuit Court (known for helping to end segregation) is dumped by Nixon as a candidate after U.S. atty.-gen. John Mitchell calls him a "damn left-winger" who would be "worse than Earl Warren"; Weatherman Mark Rudd later calls Mitchell a "Wall Street Nazi". On Nov. 24 U.S. Pres. Nixon and Soviet Pres. Nikolai V. Podgorny sign the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty in their own countries. On Nov. 24 Hershey Chocolate discontinues its 5-cent Hershey Bar after shrinking it from 1-1/8 to 3/4 oz., and deciding to stick with the 10-cent 1.5 oz. bar; it also announces that it will advertise for the first time ever. On Nov. 25 Lebanese PM Rashid Karami ends a 7-mo. govt. crisis by forming a new govt. On Nov. 25 John Lennon returns his OBE (Order of the British Empire) to protest British govt. support of the U.S. Vietnam War. On Nov. 27 (Thanksgiving Day) Pine Bluff, Ark.-born "Daddy" Bruce Randolph (1990-94), owner of Daddy Bruce's BBQ at 1629 E. 34th Ave. in Denver, Colo. (founded 1964) begins giving out free Thanksgiving turkey meals in City Park (near Five Points black ghetto), growing to tens of thousands of customers by the mid-1980s and becoming a Denver icon, expanding to Easter, Christmas, and his birthday (Feb. 15), causing Bruce Randolph Ave. to be named in his honor. On Nov. 29 the conversion from narrow to standard gauge of the Trans-Australian Railway (built in 1912-27) is completed with a golden spike ceremony at Broken Hill, N.S.W., and incl. a 29-mi. stretch of continuously welded track, longest in the world. In Nov. Pres. Nixon ends the U.S. Offensive Biological Weapons Program, banning production of chemical warfare agents incl. mustard gas, VX nerve gas (which killed 6.4K sheep in 1968), and phosgene, and biological warfare agents incl. anthrax, botulism, brucellosis, bubonic plague, tick-borne encephalitis, psittacosis, Q-fever, Rocky Mt. spotted fever, and tularemia - too bad that some virii leak out of the lab? In Nov. Britain's Prince Philip tells U.S. TV that the royal family is hard up and might have to leave Buckingham Palace if Parliament doesn't vote them more money, causing PM Harold Wilson to promise action after the elections. In Nov. the Nat. Council of Churches holds its annual convention, and a caucus presents an angry statement accusing it of maintaining "anachronistic attitudes toward women" after Cincinnati-born activist Betty Bone Schiess (1923-), who wants to be a minister receives support from the Diocese of Central New York, and its leaders present a resolution which says "All that is required to do so is the addition of the feminine pronoun to the canon on ordination." In Nov. Canned Heat appears on an episode of Playboy After Dark, where 20-y.-o. actress Lindsay Wagner sits on the lap of singer Bob Hite and gives him the nickname Bear, while Hite tells Hugh Hefner that he owns over 15K 78rpm records. In early Dec. a recession begins in the U.S as the war no longer invigorates the economy and German and other imports affect major industries. The U.S. Army really knows how to get you judged by your peers? On Dec. 2 the U.S. Army Board of Inquiry, headed by Lt. Gen. William R. Peers (1914-84) begins closed hearings in Washington, D.C. on the Mar. 16, 1968 My Lai (Song My) Massacre, and ends up charging 14 with crimes, incl. Capt. Ernest Medina and Lt. William Calley, after which all but Calley are acquitted, who ends up with 10 years. On Dec. 2 a fire at a home for the elderly in Notre Dame du Lac in Quebec, Canada kills 40 of 67 residents, becoming the most deadly fire in a home for the elderly since 1955. On Dec. 4 a hit squad of 14 Chicago police armed with a Thompson submachine gun, five shotguns and other toys kill Black Panther Party leader Fred Hampton (b. 1948) and member Mark Clark (b. 1947) in their sleep in a predawn raid; the pigs claim they shot first, and prove it by recovering planted, er illegal weapons, and are acquitted of wrongdoing by a special coroner's jury on Jan. 21, 1970 - sleep with the blackfishes? The 1960s hippie free love and peace movement ends in California? On Dec. 6 the Rolling Stones appear at a free rock concert at the Altamont Speedway in Livermore (near San Francisco), Calif. before 300K fans, hiring the Hells Angels for security (big mistake); too bad, after "Woodstock West" gets out of control, the Angels strike back with pool cues, and four die, incl. Meredith Hunter (b. 1951), a high-on-meth black teen in a turquoise suit who is kicked and stabbed to death by Hell's Angels as he tries to reach the stage allegedly holding a handgun. On Dec. 8 an usually safe Olympic Airways DC-6B crashes in a storm near Athens, Greece, killing 93. On Dec. 9 U.S. secy. of state William P. Rogers proposes a settlement of the Arab-Israeli War - go Buddhist? On Dec. 10 a military coup in Dahomey (#5 this decade) ousts and imprisons pres. (since 1968) Emile-Derlin Zinsou; on Dec. 13 the ruling directorate headed by Lt. Col. Paul Emile de Souza frees him and promises nat. elections. On Dec. 11 a Korean Airlines YS-11 en route from Gangneung to Seoul-Gimpo is hijacked by a North Korean agent to North Korea; all 46 passengers and four crew remain in North Korea, their fate unknown. On Dec. 12 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 243 to admit Yemen. On Dec. 12 the Nat. Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence Final Report is issued, warning that violence will continue to rise, and therefore massive expenditures on social reform programs are called for. On Dec. 12 (Fri.) the Piazza Fontana Bombing in Milan, Italy sees far-right terrorists bomb the HQ of Banca Nazionale dell' Agricoltura (Nat. Agrarian Bank), killing 17 and wounding 88, followed by three more bombs in Rome and Milan, plus one dud, launching Italy's Years of Lead (Anni di Piombo) (AKA Strategy of Tension) causing 1K attacks by 1989; at first anarchists are suspected, and 80+ arrests are made by police, after which on Dec. 15 suspect (anarchist railway worker) Giuseppe "Pino" Pinelli (b. 1928) falls from the 4th floor window of the police station and dies, causing police officer Luigi Calabresi (1937-72) to be charged and acquitted, which doesn't stop leftist terrorists of Lotta Continua from murdering him in 1972 after he becomes police commissioner; later U.S. Navy officer David Carrett and Italian CIA agents are investigated for possible involvement, and in 1998 Carrett is indicted by magistrate Guido Salvini in Milan; on May 3, 2005 the last trial ends with nobody found guilty, although everybody knows that the police murdered Pinelli and that the CIA was behind the bombing and coverup?; subject of the 1981 film Marianne and Juliane. On Dec. 12-15 the 206K-ton Shell Oil supertanker Marpessa explodes and sinks off the coast of Senegal on the 2nd leg of its maiden voyage, becoming the biggest ship in history to sink (until ?); within two weeks the Shell supertankers Mactra and King Haakon VII suffer similar fates in the same area, and it is later concluded to be a problem caused by cleaning their tanks, not terrorists. On Dec. 13 Pres. Nixon announces that 50K U.S. troops will be pulled out of Vietnam by next Apr. 15, becoming his 3rd troop cut. On Dec. 14 Laotian PM Souvanna Phouma admits the presence in N Laos of 4-5 battalions of Chinese Communists hooking up with North Vietnamese forces; Phouma's troops with U.S. air support eventually drive them back from the Plaine des Jarres. On Dec. 16 Pres. Nixon endorses a Senate amendment to a military appropriations bill prohibiting the use of combat troops in Thailand and Laos. On Dec. 17 the U.N. Gen. Assembly's 24th session is adjourned by new pres. Angie E. Brooks with an appeal for peace - a kiss, a smile, and perfume? On Dec. 17 "I can't believe he's not gay" folk singer Tiny Tim (Herbert Buckingham Khaury) (1932-96) marries Miss Vicki (Victoria May Budinger) (1952-) on The Johnny Carson Tonight Show in front of 40M viewers, and sings his 1968 hit Tip-Toe Through the Tulips in his patented camp falsetto while playing his ukelele, with Nick Lucas, the original artist of the 1929 hit present; too bad, they file for divorce in 1972 (granted 1977). On Dec. 17 the U.S. Air Force closes its Project Blue Book (begun in 1948 as Project Sign), concluding that there is no scientific evidence of extraterrestrial spaceships behind thousands of alleged UFO sightings. On Dec. 18 the British Parliament abolishes the death penalty for murder; it remains on the books for certain other offenses until 1998 - another reason to look down their noses at the barbaric Yanks? On Dec. 18 Airbus SE is founded in Blagnac, France by the govts. of France and Germany to compete with U.S. aircraft cos. incl. Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and Lockheed; Spain joins in 1974, followed by Britain in 1979. On Dec. 19 Washington announces that it will relax restrictions on U.S. trade with the People's Repub. of China. On Dec. 19 Jose Maria Pinilla is replaced by Demetrio Basilio Lakas Bahas (1925-99) (a graduate of Texas Tech U.) as Omar Torrijos Herrera's puppet pres. of Panama (until 1978). On Dec. 21-23 the Fifth Arab Summit in Rabat, Morroco sees 14 Arab leaders meet to coordinate war efforts against Israel. On Dec. 21 U.S. draft evaders gather for a holiday dinner in Montreal, Canada - did they serve chicken? On Dec. 22 the U.S. Congress votes to reduce the oil depletion allowance (granted to U.S. petroleum producers since 1926 as a tax incentive to encourage exploration for new reserves) from 27.5% to 22%, reneging on Pres. Nixon's campaign promise to maintain the old rate. On Dec. 24 indictments for the Manson Family are handed down. On Dec. 25 Queen Elizabeth II cancels her Christmas Day TV appearance because of fears of royal overexposure after the big show in July at Caernarvon Castle and a TV documentary on the royal family showing Princess Anne riding a horse and firing automatic weapons accurately. On Dec. 26 Timothy Leary is sentenced to 10 years in prison for possession of marijuana - when the cuffs come off, behave yourself? On Dec. 26 a hijacker using the alias M. Martinez hijacks a Boeing 727 from New York City to Cuba, becoming the last of the decade. On Dec. 27 PM Eisaku Sato and his Liberal-Dem. Party win a decisive election V, giving them 288 of 486 seats in the House of Reps., for a gain of 16. On Dec. 28 (Sun.) the sitcom To Rome with Love debuts on CBS-TV for 48 episodes (until Sept. 1, 1971), starring John Forsythe (John Lincoln Freund) (1918-2010) as widowed college professor Michael Endicott, whose wife dies, causing him to take a new position at the Am. Overseas School in Rome, where his children experience future shock. On Dec. 29 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, providing more protection for coal miners. On Dec. 29 (Mon.) witty Yale-educated Richard Alva "Dick" Cavett (1936-) (who played the title role in "The Winslow Boy" in 8th grade) replaces Joey Bishop as host of ABC-TV's late-night show, leaving his job as host (since 1968) of "This Morning", which he was too sophisticated for; in 1975 he moves to CBS-TV, followed by PBS-TV in 1977-82, USA Channel in 1985-6, ABC-TV in 1986-7, and CNBC in 1989-96. On Dec. 30 after Americans get riled at the news that 155 of the country's super-rich (with adjusted gross incomes of $200K or more) don't pay any income tax, the Dem.-controlled Congress passes the Alternative Minimum Tax; too bad, by 2006 failure to adjust the tax for inflation causes it to hit 4M taxpayers and turn it into a soak-the-middle-class scam? On Dec. 31 reformer Joseph Albert "Jock" Yablonski (b. 1910) is murdered with his wife and daughter in Clarksville, Penn. three weeks after losing an election for pres. of the United Mine Workers (UMW) to incumbent pres. (1963-73) William Anthony "Tough Tony" Boyle (1904-85); in 1974 he is convicted of ordering it. On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 800.36, down from 943.75 at the end of 1968. In Dec. a 67-member Togo Nat. Assembly is voted in by nat. referendum in Togo, with pres. (1967-2005) Gnassingbe Eyadema's Assembly of the Togolese People (RPT) as the only party. In Dec. the IRA splits into the Socialist Provisional IRA (PIRA) (Provos), and the Official IRA, associated with the Official Sinn Fein. In Dec. the White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health convenes, chaired by French-born Harvard nutritionist Jean Mayer (1920-93), founder of the Nat. Council on Hunger and Malnutrition in the U.S., helping funding for food stamp programs to zoom from $400M this year to $3B in 1974. In Dec. Virginia E. Knauer, Pres. Nixon's special asst. for consumer affairs endorses a 30% max fat content for frankfurters, which avg. 33% this year, up from 19% in 1941; consumer assocs. favor 25% max. In Dec. Am. New York Times reporter Gloria Emerson (1929-2004) interviews John Lennon and Oko Yono, er, Yoko Ono at their Apple Records HQ in London, and disputes the effectiveness of their anti-Vietnam War campaign despite the personal and prof. cost to them, pissing-off Lennon, and later being used as an example of establishment resistance to their peace movement, although Emerson is anti-establishment and claims the Beatles "could have stopped the war" by performing for U.S. troops in Vietnam. Gen. Francisco Franco announces that Juan Carlos, grandson of deposed king Alfonso XIII will become the king of Spain when he retires. Philippine Pres. Ferdinand Marcos is reelected on a platform of big govt. spending, going on to institute authoritarian rule; meanwhile the Communist Party of the Philippines (founded in 1930) is refounds, and sets up the New People's Army (NPA) to give Marcos more excuses to rule with an iron hand. The Bahamas negotiates a new 1969 Bahamas Constitution Britain, becoming the Commonwealth of the Bahama Islands. Pres. Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia announces the nationalization of the foreign copper mining industry, with an agreement to take 51%; he does the same with foreign oil producers. Tribal rioting breaks out between the Luo and Kikuyu tribes in Kenya, causing the Kenya People's Union (KPU) to be outlawed, and its leader, Luo tribe member Jaramogi Oginga Odinga (1911-94) to be jailed (until 1971). Anti-Spanish riots in Rio Muni in Equatorial Guinea (the part on the west African mainland) cause 5K Spanish to flee, and diplomatic relations with Spain to be strained; Pres. Francisco Macias claims a plot to overthrow him, seizes dictatorial powers, and arrests 80 opposition politicians, followed by two-thirds of the Nat. Assembly, then turns the country into a slave state hellhole (ends 1979); his Youth Marching with Macias (a militia recruiting members at age seven) begins terrorizing, torturing, executing, and enforcing Macian Law - better concentrate on your footwork? Former "Wee Willie Winkie" child star Shirley Jane Temple Black (1928-2014) is named by Pres. Nixon as a member of the U.S. delegation to the U.N. under ambassador Charles W. Yost, going on to become U.S. ambassador to Ghana #9 in 1974-6, chief of protocol of the U.S. #18 in 1976-7, and U.S. ambassador to Czech. in 1989-92. The U.S. Hate Crime Provisions (18 USC 245) are passed, giving federal authorities authority to punish crimes motivated by bias against a person's race, religion, or nat. origin, but requires the victim's participation in one of six federally-protected activities; on July 17, 2009 the U.S. Matthew Shepard Act extends protections to bias against gender identity, sexual orientation, or disability. Hizb al-Da'wa al-Islamiyya, an anti-Ba'th Shiite religious party is formed in Iraq, with backing from Iran. British xenophobic Conservative MP John Enoch Powell proposes that the govt. finance the repatriation of black and Asian residents, stirring you know what from the left. After being pleased by the election of Richard Nixon, French pres. Charles de Gaulle decides to continue France's membership in the Atlantic Pact, easing the tensions caused by his NATO military pullout in 1966. The U.S. Federal Reserve Communications and Records Center inside Mt. Pony E of Culpeper, Va. opens, containing the computerized center for all U.S. electronic funds transfer activities; until 1988 it stores billions of dollars of currency to be used after a nuclear attack. 77K-acre Guadelupe Mountains Nat. Park in Tex. is established. The mostly white bedroom community of Simi Valley, Calif. in SE Ventura County 30 mi. from downtown Los Angeles is incorporated on Oct. 10, becoming one of the happiest cities in the U.S. by 2010, and the home of the Ronald Reagan Pres. Library. Calif. becomes the first U.S. state to require automobile exhaust standards on new cars starting in 1969, as long they don't raise prices by more than $45 per vehicle, setting up roadside inspections by the Calif. Highway Patrol (CHiPs). The U.S. Rare and Endangered Species Act is passed, setting up rules for listing and protecting species; the U.S. Dept. of the Interior issues the first Rare and Endangered Species List, containing 78 species; by 1969 it's up to 89 species. The more the Church changes the more it stays the same - stay tuned? Pope Paul VI names 33 new cardinals and eliminates over 200 saints from the liturgical calendar; to really add insult to injury the Church finally admits that Jesus' closest disciple Mary Magdalene wasn't really a whore, as it had claimed since the year 591; even worse, the good ole tried-and-true good-enough-for-pa-and-ma 16th cent. Tridentine (Roman Rite) Latin Catholic Mass is replaced by the Novus Ordo Missae, replacing the Latin liturgy by the native language of the individual congregations, with the priest facing the congregation instead of the altar, and permitting lay readers, all causing ultra-conservative Catholics, incl. actor Mel Gibson's daddy Hutton Peter Gibson (1918-) (the 1968 "Jeopardy!" grand champ, with a genius IQ, who later becomes a Holocaust denier) to freak and become Sedevacantists (Lat. "sede vacante" = "the see is vacant"), who claim that all popes from John XIII (1958-63) are imposters, and archbishop Marcel Francois Lefebvre (1905-91) to found the Society of St. Pius X in Switzerland, denouncing Vatican openings to other religions as a "horrible apostasy" that puts Catholicism on an equal footing with other Satan-run faiths, and will lead the Church into "neo-modernist and neo-Protestant tendencies"; in Mar. 2003 Hutton gives an interview to the New York Times Mag. claiming that Vatican II was a "Masonic plot backed by the Jews", and also utters the soundbyte: "The greatest benefit anyone can have is to be a Catholic. You have the lifelong satisfaciton of being right" - go spread the word, vote no on V2? Air Evac Services, the first hospital-based fixed-wing program in the U.S. begins. The U.S. Nat. Environment Policy Act (NEPA) creates the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and requires activities receiving federal funds to prepare an environmental impact report - giving high-priced environmentalists a piece of the pie? The Arbogast Case scandalizes West Germany as former travelling salesman Hans Arbogast, convicted in 1955 of picking up refugee East German hitchhiker Marie and strangling her in Sept. 1953 is granted a new trial, and proves it was only an accident - he must have studied Theodore Dreiser's novel? Calif. becomes the first U.S. state to pass a No-Fault Divorce Law, allowing couples to divorce by mutual consent; by 1985 all 50 states follow suit, along with laws providing for equal div. of common property. Arnold Edward Schaefer (1917-92) is ordered by Pres. Nixon to transfer data on the nutritional status of children compiled in a 10-state 1968 survey from Washington-area computers to the CDC in Atlanta, but the computers are incompatible and the data is never pub., causing rumors of a coverup and intimidation of Schaefer. Having set up the Nordic Cultural Foundation in 1966, the Nordic Council endorses plans for a Nordic Economic Union - do bottle blondes count? A nurse working at a hospital in Lassa in E Nigeria (150 mi. S of the Sahara Desert) becomes the first person to contract Lassa Fever Virus; in June Spanish-born epidemiologist Jordi Casals-Ariet (1911-2004) falls ill while doing research in his Yale U. lab on the virus; next year 25 workers in the original Lassa hospital contract it, 17 of whom had come into contact with her. Bielefeld U. in Germany is founded, with the goal of "reestablishing the unity between research and teaching"; the Bielefeld School of Historians, based at Bielefield U., which supports the Sonderweg ("special path") thesis, and claims that Germany searched for a Third Way in distinction to "vulgar" Western democracy and "Tsaristic" Eastern autocracy is founded by Hans-Ulrich Wehler (1931-2014), Jurgen (Jürgen) Kocka (1941-) et al. to treat history as "historical social science", moving away from emphasis on the personalities of great leaders; in 1975 it begins pub. Geschichte und Gesellschaft: Zeitschrift fur Historische Sozialwissenschaft. Future U.S. pres. William Clinton integrates a whites-only swimming pool in Hot Springs, Ark. - how many did black babes did he hook up with? Suffragan bishop Matthias Defregger (1915-) of Munich becomes the target of a Nazi war crimes investigation in Italy, accused of ordering the execution of 17 Croatians on June 7, 1944 in retaliation for the killing of four German soldiers by partisans, and is forced to resign. Virginia adopts the slogan "Virginia is for Lovers". The U.S. Medical Care Cost Crisis begins as Blue Cross (68M covered) and Blue Shield (60M covered) begin raising rates, while critics complain that hospitals and doctors are milking them with needless hospitialization, while they play into their hands with cost-plus billing, a requirement for hospitalization to pay benefits, etc. Calif. gov. Ronald Reagan gets black UCLA activist prof. Angela Davis (1944-) fired for being a member of the Communist Party; she is later rehired; Jewish-Am. pragmatist philosopher Sidney Hook (1902-89), who started out a Marxist and went conservative and supports the Vietnam War becomes controversial for pragmatically supporting Reagan's actions. The Internat. Islamic Federation of Student Orgs. (IIFSO) is founded in Aaachen, Germany. The Black Beret Cadre in Jamaica is founded by John Hilton "Dionne" Bassett (1947-) after being inspired by the Black Panthers, with the motto "Peace if possible, compromise never, freedom by any means necessary"; they go on to compile a hit list of pigs and assassinate govt. leaders. Milli Gorus is founded in Europe for Turkish Muslims, with a platform of restoring the Muslim World after decay by imitation of Western values and secularism. The Nat. Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, N.Y. is founded. Ex-Playboy Bunny Gloria Steinem becomes an activist in the women's movement - to get even with whom? "Leave It To Beaver" star Jerry Mathers (1948-) is reported dead in Vietnam by AP and UPI, only to turn out to be somebody else with the same name. Pain-wracked Japanese lathe operator Takako Nakamura (b. 1941) throws herself off a speeding train after discovering that she has been poisoned by inhaling cadmium fumes while working for the Toho Zinc Co., causing PM Eisaku Sato to tearfully announce that he's determined to secure passage of stronger anti-pollution laws. Phillips Petroleum discovers a giant oilfield in the North Sea basin off the coast of Norway, becoming the largest outside the Middle East, lying 60% in British waters and 40% in Norwegian waters, with 10B-50% barrels of oil available. United States Lines retires its passenger ship SS United States (fastest ocean liner ever built, and largest built in the U.S.) after 17 years, bowing to competition from foreign liners and airlines. Oil storage tanks are built at Prudhoe Bay on the Beaufort Sea as construction begins on the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline over the Brooks Range S to Prince Charles Sound, and controversy rages about the environmental impact, delaying it long enough to result in a better design; meanwhile an oil platform owned by Unocal Corp. near Santa Barbara, Calif. blows out and leaks 80K-100K barrels of oil into the Santa Barbara Channel, causing Calif. to ban offshore drilling and leading to the passage of the U.S. Nat. Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (effective Jan. 1, 1970), requring federal agencies to prepare Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Statements; in 1980 the U.S. Congress bans offshore drilling in most federally-controlled waters; on Mar. 31, 2010 Pres. Obama lifts the ban on 85% of the U.S. coastline. The Northeast Atlantic Fisheries Commission urges a ban on salmon fishing outside nat. fishing boundaries, citing a decline in the salmon catch in rivers of Canada, Britain, Europe, and the U.S. Peruvian pres. Velasco Alvarado orders U.S. fishing boats within his country's 200-mi. coastal limit captured and fined; when Washington retaliates with a temporary suspension of arms sales, he replies, "Let them send the Marines as they did in Santo Domingo. We will defend ourselves with rocks if necessary." Ariz. orders a 1-year moratorium on DDT use after milk with high levels of the pesticide is found. After finding high (20 PPM) concentrations of DDT in coho salmon in Mich. lakes and streams, the U.S. FDA seizes 14 tons of fish; 90% of fish sold in the U.S. contains less than 1 PPM DDT. Britain's Ministry of Agriculture forbids use of penicillin and tetracyline in livestock feed, and the Swan Commission recommends that all antiobiotics be banned; meanwhile the U.S. FDA forbids injections of most antibiotics in livestock and gives a trade group of veterinary drug producers up to two years to prove that a residue of 2 PPM in meat poses no human health hazard; U.S. feed producers use $72.5M worth of antibiotics per year, and FDA rules forbid use of such feeds within three days of slaughter. U.S. baby food makers halt use of monosodium glutamate (MSG) pending further study after tests at Washington U. School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. show that baby mice fed large amounts suffer damage to the hypothalamus area of their brains, throwing doubt on the U.S. FDA's GRAS (generally recognized as safe) list. After testifying before the U.S. House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee that mother's milk contains 4x the amount of DDT permitted in cows' milk, David Ross Brower (1912-2000) resigns as exec. dir. of the Sierra Club under pressure after 17 years, despite a membership boom from 1K to 77K, after members get pissed-off at the club's loss of tax-exempt status in 1966 for political activity; in 77 years the club has blocked or delayed construction of at least $7B worth of dams and other projects; Brower founds Friends of the Earth and the John Muir Inst. of the Environment, and works to save Grand Canyon from dams proposed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. After oil is discovered in Prudhoe Bay last year, the oil tanker/icebreaker SS Manhattan becomes the first to go through the Northwest Passage in an attempt to find a cheaper alternative to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline; after a 2nd attempt in winter fails, it is canceled and the pipeline project given a go-ahead. The Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada is formed by leftists, economic nationalists, and feminists to drive the main party left, issuing the Waffle Manifesto. Pres. Nixon authorizes Project Intercept to inspect every vehicle crossing the San Ysidro-Tijuana border with the U.S. and Mexico in the hope of pressuring the govt. of Gustavo Diaz Ordaz to expand Mexican drug enforcement; the N.J. chapter of the ACLU files suit in federal court charging that marijuana should not be classifed with heroin and other dangerous drugs, is harmless to the user and society, and that the federal Operation Intercept program to restrict flow of mary jane from Mexico has caused heroin sales to New York schoolchildren to jump by making its price competitive. Women are finally allowed to wear pants suits on the U.S. House floor; on July 28, 2016 Hillary Clinton wears a neutral white pants suit to give her Dem. pres. nomination acceptance speech. Houston, Tex.-born Raymond Lee Washington (1953-79) and Shreveport,La.-born black stud Stanley Tookie Williams III (1953-2005) found the Baby Avenues black gang in South Central Los Angeles, Calif., which is renamed the Crips (originally Cribs), soon getting into bloody battles with the rival Bloods black gang for control of the drug trade, and expanding across the U.S.; meanwhile in 1971 two U.S. congressmen visit Vietnam, and report that 10% of U.S. servicemen (up to 16% of whom are black) are addicted to heroin, causing Pres. Nixon to announce in June 1971 that his admin. will give drugs top priority, with emphasis on treatment centers. The United Order Family of Christ is founded in Denver, Colo. by David-Edward Desmond for young gay Mormon men of sucking, er, ages 18-30; it becomes defunct by 1974. Am. Jewish Christian convert Tony Alamo (Bernie LaZar Hoffman) (1934-) and his wife Susan (d. 1982) found the Alamo Christian Foundation in Hollywood, Calif., going on to predict impending Armageddon and call Pope John Paul II and Ronald Reagan "Anti-Christ Devils" while gathering a cult of runaways and addicts that become his sexual slaves, with "marriages" to girls as young as eight; they support themselves by selling rhinestone-studded denim jackets; in 1976 they move to Alma, Ark.; in 1994 Alamo is convicted of federal tax evasion; on July 24, 2009 he is convicted of 10 counts of transportation of minor girls across state lines for sex, and put away for life - Jesus saves? The not-really-Jewish communal Love Israel Family (Church of Jesus Christ at Armageddon) cult is founded Seattle, Wash. by real estate agent Paul Erdman, who changes his name to Love Israel (love is real), fathering a dozen children to prove it; other members incl. Strength Israel, Zeal Israel, Courage Israel, Reality Israel, Integrity Isreal, and Encouragement Israel, which stage musical performances; in 1984 they buy 300 acres near the Cascade Mts. in Wash. state, which reopens in 2005 as Camp Kalsman for real Jewish kids. Ben-Gurion U. of the Negev (BGU) (originally U. of the Negev until 1973) is founded in Beersheba, Israel. Am. gerontologist R.N. Butler coins the term "ageism". The Nat. Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League (NARAL) is formed from the Nat. Assoc. for the Repeal of Abortion Laws by Betty Friedan et al. Greenpeace (originally Don't Make a Wave Committee) is founded in Vancouver, B.C., Canada to fight for environmental causes, growing by 2019 to offices in 39 countries plus an internat. HQ in Amsterdam. Budapest-born Jewish New York City investor George Soros (Gyory Schwartz) (1930-) (a student of Karl Popper) (Soros means "will soar" in Esperanto) founds the Quantum Fund for super-rich investors, based in Curacao, Netherlands Antillies, whose investors incl. the Rothschild family, and which breaks the Bank of England in 1992, forcing it to devalue the pound, making it a $1B profit; he is really a front for the Rothschild Family? Newsweek defines "freak" as "a person with extreme and/or grotesque characteristics, sometimes the hippie ideal", and defines "freaky" as "quintessentially psychedelic". Latvian physician (student of Carl Jung) Konstantins Raudive (1909-74) pioneers the technique of Electronic Voice Phenomena (EVP), which he claims allows him to communicate with the dead by listening to radio static. Calif. School for Prof. Psychology (CSPP) is founded, becoming the first such school. The Journal of Money, Credit and Banking is founded by Ohio State U. (until ?). Am. economist Howard Demsetz (1930-) coins the term "nirvana (perfect solution) fallacy", where actual things are compared with idealized alternatives on order to diss an idea merely because it is imperfect. Am. pshrinks Abraham Harold Maslow (1908-70), Stanislav Grof (1931-), and Anthony J. "Tony" Sutich (1907-76) found the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. Founder Sir Allen Lane retires from Penguin Books after 50 years. The Exploratorium science museum for children is founded in the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, Calif. Creedence Clearwater Revival outsells the Beatles this year. Chrysalis Records is founded in England by Chris Wright and Terry Ellis, going on to sign Jethro Tull, Cat Stevens, Procol Harum and spinoff solo artist Robin Trower, followed in the 1980s by British New Romantic movement bands Ultravox and Spandau Ballet, along with American acts Blondie, Pat Benatar, and Huey Lewis and The News, and English rock star Billy Idol. Am. jazz pianist Paul Bley (1932-) becomes the first person to perform with a music synthesizer in front of a live audience. In France at the Folies Bergere in Paris (founded 1869) women perform totally nude on stage for the first time in the modern Western world - hi, I'm Orville Redenbacher, try mine buttered? The annual Shinto Festival of the Steel Phallus (Kanamara Matsuri) in Kawasaki, Japan is founded, becoming a fundraising event for HIV research. Commentry, Allier-born French chef Roger Verge (Vergé) (1930-) opens the Moulin de Mougins in the French Riviera, promoting his new Cuisine de Soleil (Cuisine of the Sun), a variation of seafood-heavy Provencal Cuisine, focusing on fresh local ingredients. Jazzercise is developed in the U.S. by Judi Sheppard Missett. African-Am.soprano Jessye Norman (1945-) makes her debut singing the role of Elisabeth in the 1845 Wagner opera "Tannhauser" at Berlin's Deutsch Opera, drawing raves calling her "the greatest voice since Lotte Lehmann"; she goes on to sing the role of Countess Almaviva in the 1786 Mozart opera "Figaro". New York soprano Beverly Sills (1929-2007) makes her debut at La Scala in Milan, followed by her London debut at Covent Garden next year as Lucia di Lammermoor, and her Metropolitan Opera debut on Apr. 7, 1975 as Palmira in Rossini's "Le Siege de Corinth". Sound City Studios in Van Nuys, Calif. is founded, becoming the studio of choice for Fleetwood Mac, Tom Petty, Neil Young, REO Speedwagon, Johnny Cash, Nirvana, Rage Against the Machine et al. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City purchases Gertrude Stein's art collection for $6M. Andy Warhol reveals that for two years his asst. Brigid Polk (Berlin) (1939-) (known for liking to show off her "fruit", i.e. naked breasts) has been doing all of his artwork and signing his name - while he polks her and she stays brigid, or while he brigidly polks her? New Yorker mag. writer E. B. White disses U.S. campus fraternities, saying "The opposite of fraternities is fraternity"; coincidentally or not they begin to fall out of favor in the 1970s. Vertigo Records is founded in the U.K. by Universal Music UK, owned by Philips Records, and signs Black Sabbath, later Jade Warrior and Nirvana. Leonard Maltin (1950-) begins pub. TV Movies, describing and rating old movies to help viewers; in 1986 it becomes "TV Movies and Video Guide". Donald George Fisher (1928-) and his wife Doris Feigenbaum Fisher (1931-) open the first of their retail stores called The Gap (after the Generation Gap) in San Francisco, Calif., selling phonograph records and blue jeans; after 3 mo. they drop the music and concentrate on casual clothing, growing to 3K stores worldwide by 2005. Guernsey and Jersey in England begin issuing their own postage stamps. U.S. pantyhose production reaches 624M pair, up from 200M last year. A solar furnace is built in Odeillo in the French Pyrenees, producing 1MW of electricity with a paraboloid mirror. The U.S. stops circulating all bills over $100, incl. the $500 bill (William McKinley), $1K bill (Grover Cleveland), $5K bill (James Madison), $10K bill (Salmon P. Chase), and $100K bill (Woodrow Wilson) (printed in orange). The right-wing watchdog group Accuracy in Media is founded by Salt Lake City, Utah-born economist Reed John Irvine (1922-2004) after the coverage given to anti-Vietnam War protesters at the 1968 Dem. Convention in Chicago pisses them off, with a mission to investigate complaints of liberal bias, then to "take proven cases to top media officials, seek corrections, and mobilize public pressure to bring about remedial action". The BBC-TV series Civilisation: A Personal View, hosted by British humanist anti-Marxist art historian Sir Kenneth McKenzie Clark (1903-83) debuts, showing the role of art in the rise of civilization and arguing that some of the best minds in the West were attracted to the Church while taking shots at religious authoritarianism and statism. Owensboro, Ky.-born photographer Moneta Sleet Jr. (1926-96) wins the Pulitzer Prize for feature photography for a photograph of MLK's widow Coretta Scott King at his funeral, becoming the first African-Am. to win a journalism award, and the first African-Am. man to win a Pulitzer Prize. Marshall W. Mason, Lanford Wilson (1937-) et al. found the gay-friendly Circle Repertory Co. (Circle Rep) on July 14 in a New York City loft. Mary Tyler Moore and her TV exec hubby Grant Tinker found MTM Enterprises, going on to produce "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", "Rhoda", "The Bob Newhart Show", "WKRP in Cincinnati", "Hill Street Blues", and "St. Elsewhere"; the logo is Mary's cat Mimsie inside a circle of gold ribbons, mocking MGM's Leo the Lion; in July 1982-Mar. 1992 it co-owns CBS Studio Center in Studio City, Calif. Late in this decade the Outlaw Country Music movement is founded as a reaction to the Bakersfield Sound and law in order in general by ex-con Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, Merle Haggard, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, ex-con David Allan Coe, the Eli Radish Band et al., and named after David Allan Coe, a member of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. Am. straight white beauty queen singer Anita Bryant (1940-) becomes spokesperson for the Fla. Citrus Commission, singing Come to the Florida Sunshine Tree, with the slogan "Breakfast without orange juice is like a day without sunshine". Straight Records is formed by by Frank Zappa and Herb Cohen, going on to sign Captain Beefheart, Alice Cooper, The Persuasions, Lord Buckley, The GTOs, and Judy Hensky and Jerry Yester. John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s children Laurance Spelman Rockefeller (1910-2004) et al. found the venture capital firm Venrock Associates, which goes on to fund Intel and Apple Computer. After working at the Paraphernalia boutique in Manhattan, N.Y. and joining the youthquake fashion movement and Andy Warhol's underground scene, Wethersfield, Conn.-born fashion designer Betsey Johnson (1942-) opens the Betsey Bunky Mini boutique in Upper East Side, New York City, going on to take control of the Alley Cat fashion label before starting her own line in 1978, becoming known for her whimsical feminine designs and doing a cartwheel at the end of her shows. Lever Brothers introduces fluoridated Close-Up brand toothpaste to accompany its Pepsodent brand, followed by Aim in 1975, gaining 17% of the U.S. market by 1981. Charms Blow Pops (originally Triple Treat until 1973) bubble gum center lollipops are invented by Thomas Tate Tidwell of the Triple T Candy Co. of Atlanta, Ga., who receives a patent in Nov. 1969; in 1973 they are acquired by the Charms Co. of Freehold, N.J. (founded 1912), and manufactured in Covington, Tenn.; in 1988 they are acquired by the Tootsie Roll Co. Clamato brand tomato juice and clam broth is introduced by Mott's. Cracker Barrel Old Country Store is founded in Lebanon, Tenn. by Shell Oil employee Danny Wood "Dan" Evins (1935-2012) with a $40K loan, expanding to 620 stores in 42 U.S. states by 2012. L'eggs brand pantyhose is introduced by Hanes Corp. of Winston-Salem, N.C., sold in oversize white plastic chicken-egg-shaped containers. Brazil, Ind.-born Orville Clarence Redenbacher (1907-95), known for wearing glasses and a bowtie and parting his hair in the middle begins marketing Orville Redenbacher's Gourmet Popping Corn (originally RedBow until an ad agency realizes that his name and appearance sells), made of his own hybrid corn developed in Valparaiso, Ind. that pops twice as big and leaves almost no unpopped kernels; he sells out to Hunt-Wesson Foods in 1976, which sells out to ConAgra in 1990, but keeps doing ads to the end. Arthur Treacher's Fish and Chips, named after "perfect butler Jeeves" actor Arthur Treacher (1894-1975) (who gives them the recipe and acts as spokesman) is founded in Columbus, Ohio by S. Robert Davis, Dave Thomas et al., expanding to 800 stores by the late 1970s when the Third Cod War of 1975-6 betwee Britain and Iceland causes cod prices to increase 50%, causing them to switch to less tasty pollock and sell-out to Mrs. Paul Seafood on Nov. 21, 1979, after which they drop to 14 stores by 2015, seven in the Rochester, N.Y. area. Emnbraer aerospace conglomerate is set up by the govt. of Brazil, with HQ in Sao, Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo State, becoming the #3 largest aircraft manufacturer after Airbus and Boeing, with Bombardier of Canada a close 4th. Canned beer outsells bottled beer for the first time. Orgs.: On May 31 Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) is founded in Quincy, Ill. for "the scientific study of UFOs for the benefit of humanity", growing to 4K members in all 50 U.S. states and 43 countries and moving their HQ to Irvine, Calif.; in 2015 it founds definitely unaccredited Mutual UFO Network U. Calif. School for Prof. Psychology (CSPP) is founded, becoming the first such school. Pepperdine U. School of Law in Malibu, Calif. is founded, becoming the alma mater of Dem. Ill. gov. (2003-9) Rod Blagojevich, who utters the soundbyte: "I went to law school at a place called Pepperdine in Malibu, California, overlooking the Pacific Ocean — a lot of surfing and movie stars and all the rest. I barely knew where that law library was." Architecture: In June Houston Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Tex. opens, becoming the 2nd busiest aiport in Tex. after the Dallas/Fort Worth Internat. Airport; in Apr. 1997 it is renamed the George Bush Intercontinental Aiport after Pres. George H.W. Bush. On Oct. 15 the Bank of America World HQ at 555 California St. in San Francisco, Calif. is dedicated. The $80M Internat. Hotel Las Vegas, Nev., built by Kerkor "Kirk" Kerkorian (1917-) opens; in 1971 it is renamed the Las Vegas Hilton. The bronze sculptural fountain installation La Joute (Fr. "The Joust"), designed by artist Jean-Paul Riopelle is opened in the Parc Olympique in Montreal; in 2003 it is relocated to the Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle; The $17M Salt Palace sports arena in Salt Lake City, Utah is completed, with 10,725 seats, later expanded to 12,666, becoming the home of the Salt Lake Golden Eagles hockey club in 1969-91, the ABA Utah Stars from 1970-5, and the Utah Jazz from 1979-91; it is demolished in 1994 after three teenagers are killed at an AC/DC concert on Jan. 8, 1991. The 100-story 1,127-ft. X-braced $100M John Hancock Center at 875 North Michigan Ave. in Chicago, Ill., designed by Bangladesh-born "Einstein of structural engineering" Fazlur Rahman Khan (1929-82) of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (begun 1965) is completed, becoming the 2nd tallest bldg. on Earth after the Empire State Bldg. (until the Sears Tower in 1973). The Cooper Residence in Orleans, Mass., designed by Charles Gwathmey is completed. The Lillebaelt Suspension Bridge in Denmark is built. The Newport (R.I.) Bridge is built in the U.S. Boston City Hall, designed by Kallmann, Knowles, and McKinnell is completed. Sports: On Jan. 1 Jack Kent Cooke (1912-67), owner of the Los Angeles Kings (NHL) fines his players $100 for not arguing with the referee. On Feb. 23 the 1969 (11th) Daytona 500 is won by LeeRoy Yarbrough in a backup Ford after chasing down leader Charlie Glotzbach, becoming the first Daytona 500 won on a last lap pass. On Jan. 28 Barbara Jo Rubin (1949-) becomes the 1st woman jockey to win in North Am. On Feb. 4 John Earl Madden (1934-2021) becomes head coach of the Oakland Raiders (NFL) (until 1978), the youngest to date. On Feb. 4 Bowie Kent Kuhn (1926-2007) becomes ML baseball commissioner #5 (until Sept. 30, 1984). On Feb. 7 Diane Crump (1948-) becomes the first woman jockey at a major U.S. racetrack (Hialeah Park, Fla.), riding in her first race on Feb. 11; next year she becomes the first woman to ride in the Kentucky Derby - Driving Miss Diane? On Apr. 14 the first ML baseball game is played in Montreal, Canada. On Apr. 23-May 5 the 1969 NBA Finals is won by the Boston Celtics (coach Bill Russell) by 4-3 over the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Butch van Breda Kolff), last of 11 finals wins in 13 seasons; Russell accuses Wilt Chamberlain of the Lakers of "copping out" in Game 7, causing them to go from being good friends to not talking to each other for over 20 years; 6'2" "Mr. Clutch" Lakers guard Jerry Alan West (1938-) becomes the first player to become MVP, and first from a losing team (until ?), scoring 42 points, 13 rebounds, and 12 assists in a 108-106 Game 7 loss to the Boston Celtics; his profile is used on the NBA Logo. On Apr. 27-May 4 the 1969 Stanley Cup Finals see the defending champion Montreal Canadiens defeat the St. Louis Blues 4-0. On May 30 the 1969 (53rd) Indianapolis 500 is won by Mario Gabriele Andretti (1940-) with a record speed of 156.867 mph, after which a family shutout begins, lasting until ?. On June 8 after announcing his retirement on Mar. 1, 60,096 New York Yankees fans attend Mickey Mantle Day for the retirement of Mickey Mantle #7; in 1974 he inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame and the Yankess retire his uniform number 7. On June 25 the Longest Match in Wimbledon History (until ?) sees aging 41-y.-o. tennis star Pancho Gonzales defeat Charlie Pasarell in a 5-set match lasting 5 hours 12 min. and taking two days, with the final score 22-24, 1-6, 16-4, 6-3, 11-9, causing tie break scoring to begin. On July 10 after trying to fake his progress in the Golden Globe yacht race the trimaran Teignmouth Electron of English businessman Donald Crowhurst (b. 1912) is found drifting unoccupied, causing speculation of madness and suicide. On July 26 Sharon Sites Adams (1930-) becomes the first woman to sail the Pacific Ocean solo. On Aug. 15 Pittsburgh Pirates outfielder Wilver Dornell "Willie" Stargell (1940-2001) becomes the first player to hit a ball out of Dodger Stadium (506 ft.); he does it again on May 8, 1973 (493 ft.), causing Dodger pitcher Don Sutton to utter the soundbyte "He doesn't just hit pitchers, he takes away their dignity." On Sept. 13 the $4M tri-oval 2.66 mi. Talladega Superspeedway (originally Ala. Internat. Motor Superspeedway) in Talledega, Ala. opens, becoming the fastest NASCAR speedway; the first race sees all the original drivers abandon the track because of tire problems, causing Bill France to hire substitute drivers; the finish seesees three cars side-by-side, with Richard Brickhouse declared the winner; on Mar. 24, 1970 Buddy Baker becomes the first NASCAR driver to run a lap over 200 mph (200.447); in 1982 Benny Parsons becomes the first driver to quality at over 200 mph (200.176). On Sept. 21 Steve O'Neal (1946-) of the New York Jets kicks a regular season record 98-yard punt vs. the Mile-Hi Denver Broncos. On Sept. 22 Willard Howard "Willie" Mays Jr. (1931-) of the San Francisco Giants becomes the first baseball player since Babe Ruth to hit 600 homers. On Nov. 19 Brazilian soccer star Pele (Pelé) (Edison Arantes do Nascimento) (1940-) scores his 1,000th goal - goal, goal, goal.... goal? Majestic Prince (1966-81) (jockey Willie Hartack) wins the Preakness Stakes and the Kentucky Derby. Rod Laver wins the grand slam of tennis for the 2nd time (1962); Adrianne Shirley "Ann" Haydon-Jones (1938-) of Britain wins the Wimbledon women's singles title (first lefty winner); Margaret Smith Court wins the U.S. Open women's singles title. ML baseball's two major leagues split into eastern and western divisions with two new expansion teams each, the Montreal Expos (NL), the San Diego Padres (NL), the Kansas City Royals (AL), and the Seattle Pilots (AL); in 2005 the Expos relocate to Washington, D.C. Tex.-born St. Louis Cardinals black centerfielder Curtis Charles "Curt" Flood (1938-97) is traded to the Philadelphia Phillies at the end of the regular season, but refuses to report, challenging the so-called "reserve clause" that since 1879 gives ML cubs complete ownership of their players, claiming that he is "the rightful proprietor of my own person and my own talents", and challenging the immunity against anti-trust action granted by Congress to ML baseball in 1922. Wilt "the Stilt" Chamberlain becomes the NBA rebound leader for the 4th straight year (8th time in 10 years). The U.S. defeats Romania 5-0 to retain the Davis Cup of tennis. The New York Yankees retire the jersey number (#7) of "Oklahoma's Pride" Mickey Mantle. After 7'2" center Kareem Abul Jabbar joins the NBA Milwaukee Bucks and makes too much use of them, scaring other teams, the slam dunk is made illegal in the NBA (until 1976). Glenn Edward "Bo" Schembechler Jr. (1929-2006) becomes head coach of the U. of Mich. Wolverines (until 1989), going on to win 234 games and win or tie 13 Big Ten championships with his "relentless and punishing" teams. Richard Albert "Dick" Vermeil (1936-) of the Los Angeles Rams becomes the NFL's first full-time special teams coach. NASCAR driver Lonnie "LeeRoy" Yarbrough (1938-84) has a super season, winning seven races, incl. a dramatic finish in the Daytona 500, with 21 top-ten finishes, and earning $193K. Due to aging first-string players Gale Sayers, Dick Butkus et al., the once NFL-king Chicago Bears go on a slump, with a combined 28-69-1 record through 1975, and 1-13 record this year; pudgy Bears defensive coach Abraham "Abe" Gibron (1925-97) becomes head coach in 1972-4, going 4-1-1, 3-11, and 4-10; in 1973 he is filmed singing Three Dog Night's "Joy to the World" during a game against Denver while looking uninvolved with the play, becoming a blooper reel favorite. The 18th Chess Olympiad in Lugano, Italy is won by the Soviet Union; in Apr. Boris Spassky (1937-) defeats Tigran Petrosian in Moscow to become world chess champ #10 (until 1972). Nobel Prizes: Peace: Internat. Labor Org. (ILO); Lit.: Samuel Barclay Beckett (1906-89) (France); Physics: Murray Gell-Mann (1929-) (U.S.) [classification of elementary particles]; Chem.: Sir Derek Harold Richardson Barton (1918-98) (U.K.) and Odd Hassel (1897-1981) (Norway) [3-D shapes of organic compounds]; Medicine: Max Ludwig Henning Delbruck (Delbrück) (1906-81), Alfred Day Hershey (1908-97), and Salvador Edward Luria (1912-91) (U.S.) [genetic structure and reproduction of viruses]; Economics: Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch (1895-1973) (Norway) and Jan Tinbergen(1903-94) (Netherlands) for "having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes" [econometrics]; first-ever prize for economics, funded by the Sveriges Riksbank (central bank of Sweden). Inventions: On Jan. 15 Sanka brand freeze-dried coffee (97% caffeine-free) is introduced, with the ads harkening the viewer back to 1927 when instant coffee came on the market and fresh-brewed flavor was lost. In summer the Unix Operating System (originally called "Unics", after the previous project "Multics") is invented by Bell Labs engineers Kenneth Lane "Ken" Thompson (1943-) and Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie (1941-); in 1972 it is translated from assembler language to Ritchie's new C programming language to make it more machine independent; in 1975 ITT makes it available to univs. to avoid antitrust problems, causing its development to accelerate. On Apr. 1 the V/STOL Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the British RAF. On Sept. 2 the first two computer installations of the Arpanet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) are connected at the lab of Prof. Leonard "Len" Kleinrock (1934-) at UCLA by Bolt, Beranek & Newman (BBN Corp.) of Cambridge Mass; UCLA grad student Jonathan Bruce "Jon" Postel (1943-98) et al. work to link three univs. and develop internat. links with a new network router comm switch; on Oct. 29 (10:30 p.m.) the first message is sent by student programmer Charley Kline; by Nov. four nodes are operational; Postel goes on to become the "Boswell of the Internet". On Oct. 17 Willard S. Boyle (1924-) and George E. Smith (1930-) of Bell Labs invent the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD); it is first commercialized by Fairchild Semiconductor in 1973, offering a chip providing 100 x 100 pixels, which begins to be used by astronomers at JPL and the U. of Ariz. in 1974, who use it to photograph the Moon. In Dec. Bubble Memory Devices are patented by Bell Labs for use in computers, retaining their info. when the power is turned off. Control Data Corp. (CDC) introduces the $5M 36.4MHz 65-bit 10 MFLOPS CDC 7600 supercomputer, designed by Seymour Roger Cray (1925-96) as a successor to the 1965 CDC 6600 featuring an instruction pipeline and ICs, becoming the world's most powerful computer until the 1976 Cray supercomputer. The typewriter-like Daisy Wheel Impact Printer is invented by David S. Lee (1938-) of Diablo Data Systems; in 1972 it is introduced for use with PCs and word processors, with a speed of 30-55 cps, compared to 15 cps for an IBM Selectric typewriter. James L. Fergason (1934-2008) et al. of Kent State U. invent the Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal, which becomes the basis for modern liquid crystal displays (LCDs), starting with a watch display for the $200 Gruen Teletime LCD Watch in 1972 after it is patented in 1971. New Orleans, La.-born Don Wetzel (1929-), vice-pres. of Docutel in Dallas, Tex. (maker of automated baggage handling equipment) et al. build the first modern (plastic card with magnetic strip and keyboard) Automated Teller Machine (ATM), which is installed at a Chemical Bank branch in Rockville Centre, N.Y. on Sept. 2; the first models are not linked with each other; he doesn't receive a patent until June 14, 1973, and the first one for the ATM goes to John D. White in 1973? Tiramisu (It. "pick me up") is invented by Nathan Lopez, head chef of Via Sottotreviso in Treviso, Italy; really invented during the 1670-1723 reign of Cosimo III de Medici? The first self-propelled vacuum cleaners are marketed. Science: Loperamide is first synthesized, becoming the drug of choice to control diarrhea in 1976, marketed under the name Imodium. Am. microbiologist Jonathan Roger "Jon" Beckwith (1935-) et al. of Harvard U. become the first to isolate a single gene from a bacterial chromosome, one used by a bacterium in the metabolism of sugar. E.K. Conklin measures the absolute motion of the Sun through the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) as 308 km per sec. Dr. Denton Arthur Cooley (1920-) of Tex. and Dr. Domingo Santo Liotta (1924-) of Argentina become the first to use an artificial heart as a stopgap measure in a human being on Apr. 4, keeping patient Haskell Karp alive for 64 hours at the Texas Heart Inst. while waiting for a natural donor heart. British physiologist Robert Geoffrey Edwards (1925-) and British OBGYN Patrick Christopher Steptoe (1913-88) perform the first successful IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) of a human ovum; the first "test-tube baby" resulting from this technique is born in England in 1978 - the original Steptoe and Son? Evidence of the existence of the elusive quark is finally discovered at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center by Jerome Isaac Friedman (1930-), Henry Way Kendall (1926-99), and Richard Edward Taylor (1929-), who share the 1990 Nobel Physics Prize. U.S. Public Health Service virologist Robert Joseph Huebner (1914-98) pub. his Oncogene Theory, suggesting that viruses or single genes may trigger dangerous cell overgrowth, interacting with normal genes to produce cancer. Yakima, Wash.-born Chicago School economist Robert Emerson Lucas Jr. (1937-) and Am. economist Leonard A. Rapping (1934-91) propose the Lucas-Rapping Model of Aggregate Supply, AKA Equilibrium Business Cycle Theory, which makes labor supply a direct function of wages, and models decreases in employment as voluntary choices of workers to reduce their work effort in response to the prevailing wage to make more leisure time. Am. biochemist Robert Bruce Merrifield (1921-2006) synthesizes the first enzyme, ribonuclease, winning the 1984 Nobel Chem. Prize. Opaque-2 Corn (Maize), developed by Edwin Theodore Mertz (1909-99) and Oliver E. Nelson (1920-2001), with a whopping 12% protein content (compared to 8% for other varieties and 36% for yukky soybeans) becomes available to combat Third World Hunger. The Murchison Meteorite lands near Murchison, Victoria, Australia on Sept. 18, and is sent to the Apollo Moon Rock Lab, which finds the first amino acids of extraterrestrial origin - jacking off on a rock jokes here? English physicists Roger Penrose (1931-) and Stephen William Hawking (1942-2018) prove that all matter within a black hole collapses to a singularity of infinite density and zero volume; Penrose proposes the Cosmic Censorship (Naked Singularity) Hypothesis, that singularities predicted by Einstein's Gen. Theory of Relativity can be "clothed" (restricted in their influence) by black holes, getting around the problem that "naked" singularities would destroy the Universe - if a singularity can destroy the U, it can create it? A team in Seattle, Wash. led by Edward Donnall "Don" Thomas (1920-) performs the world's first successful Bone Marrow Transplant on a leukemia patient in Mar. using immune suppressant drugs, winning the 1990 Nobel Med. Prize. Joseph Weber (1919-2000) of the U. of Md. claims to observe gravitational waves in his Weber Bars, pairs of large well-insulated cylinders weighing several tons and located 1K km apart; too bad, nobody else can confirm him - there goes my Nobel? Am. ecologist Robert Harding Whittaker (1920-80) proposes the Fungi Kingdom to go with the Moneran Kingdom (bacteria and blue-green algae), Protist Kingdom (complex single-celled organisms), Plant Kingdom, and Animal Kingdom. South African psychologist Joseph Wolpe (1915-97) develops the Subjective Units of Distress (Disturbance) Scale (SUDS). The White-Eyed River Martin (Pseudochelidon or Eurochelidon sirintarae), a new species of swallow is discovered in Thailand. Scientists at this time understand more about the genetics of corn than any other flowering plant? Nonfiction: Dean Acheson (1893-1971), Present at the Creation: My Years at the State Department (Pulitzer Prize); 1941-53. Brian Aherne (1902-86), A Proper Job (autobio.). Svetlana Alliluyeva (Stalina) (Lana Peters) (1926-), Only One Year (autobio.). Maya Angelou (1928-), I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (autobio.); bestseller about her poor Southern Am. black upbringing, with title taken from the poem Sympathy by black poet Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1926); "One would say of my life, born loser, had to be, from a broken family, raped at eight, unwed mother of sixteen", causing her to become a role model for those wanting to make it big in publishing by making people feel sorry for them, er, for stirring stories of blacks struggling against white racism; she goes on to pub. five more autobios. (until 2002) with Random House ed. Robert Loomis (1926-), developing "a relationship that's kind of famous among publishers" (Angelou); incl. the poem I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings; "For the caged bird/ sings of freedom". The Association, Crank Your Spreaders. Donald Bain (1935-), The Coffee Tea or Me Girls' Round-the-World Diary. Carlos Baker (1909-87), Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story. Sir Michael Balcon (1896-1977), Michael Balcon Presents... A Lifetime of Films (autobio.); dir. of Ealing Studios in England. Wladyslaw Bartoszewski and Lewin Zofia, Righteous Among Nations: How Poles Helped the Jews, 1939-45. Ernest Becker (1924-74), Angel in Armor: A Post-Freudian Perspective on the Nature of Man. Petr Beckmann (1924-93), Whispered Anecdotes: Humor from Behind the Iron Curtain. Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer (1899-1972), Hannibal: The Struggle for Power in the Mediterranean. John Peter Berger (1926-), The Moment of Cubism, and Other Essays. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), The Mystery of Atlantis; by the grandson of Berlitz Language Schools Founder (1878) Maximilian Berlitz, who takes after him and speaks 32 languages, and decides to cash in on the craze for books on Atlantis, the Bermuda Triangle, etc., going on to sell 20M+ copies of his books in the 1970s alone. Theodore Besterman (1904-76), Voltaire. R.R. Betts, Essays in Czech History (posth.). Carl Bode (1912-93), H.L. Mencken; first full length bio. Hedwig Born and Max Born (1882-1970), Der Luxus des Geswissens (The Luxury of Conscience). Kenneth Boulding (1910-93), The Grants Economy. John Bowlby (1907-90), Attachment and Loss (3 vols.) (1969, 1972, 1980); introduces Attachment Theory, which claims that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for normal development. H. Rap Brown (1943-), Die, Nigger, Die (autobio.); in 2002 he is sentenced under the name Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin to life for killing a police officer in Ga. Allan M. Campbell (1929-2018), Episomes; one of the first comprehensive treatments of plamid biology, proposing the Campbell Model of Virus Insertion of viral DNA into a chromosome, to remain dormant until activation, pioneering the use of Extrachromosomal DNA. Gerard Chaliand, The Peasants of North Vietnam; French writer visits North Vietnam in late 1967. Noam Chomsky (1928-), American Power and the New Mandarins; a linguist goes political, attacking liberal intellectuals for failing to prevent the Vietnam War, and complaining about them rationalizing away the excesses of the MIC. Robert Coles (1929-), Still Hungry in America; photos by Al Clayton. Rev. James Hal Cone (1938-), Black Theology and Black Power; disses white America for white supremacy, calling it antithetical to the gospel of Jesus Christ, and asking how white people could feel they have the right to affirm their freedom through the Death of God theology when they have enslaved black people in God's name, launching the black liberation theology movement in the U.S., later embraced by Pres. Barack Obama's pastor Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright. Miles Copeland Jr. (1916-91), The Game of Nations: The Amorality of Power Politics. Harvey Gallagher Cox Jr. (1929-), The Feast of Fools: A Theological Essay on Festivity and Fantasy. Robert Denoon Cumming (1916-2004), Human Nature and History: A Study of the Development of Liberal Political Thought. John H. Davis (1929-), The Bouviers: Portrait of an American Family; by Jackie O's first cousin. R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), Imperial Sunset: The Fall of Napoleon, 1813-1814. Vine Deloria Jr. (1933-2005), Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto (first work); disses whites for their mistreatment of Native Ams., and calls on institutions to return human remains and artifacts to their tribes. Ovid Demaris (1919-98), Captive City; about Chicago. Eliot Deutsch, Advaita Vedanta: A Philosophical Reconstruction. Lovat Dickson (1902-87), H.G. Wells: His Turbulent Life and Times. William Orville Douglas (1898-1980), Points of Rebellion; "The continuing episodes of protest and dissent in the United States have their basis in the First Amendment to the Constitution, a great safety valve that is lacking in most other nations of the world. The First Amendment creates a sanctuary around the citizen's beliefs. His ideas, his conscience, his convictions are his own concern, not the government's. After an American has been in a totalitarian country for several months, he is greatly relieved when he reaches home. He feels that bonds have been released and that he is free. He can speak above a whisper, and he walks relaxed and unguarded as though he were no longer being followed. After a recent trip I said to a neighbor, 'It's wonderful to be back in a nation where even a riot may be tolerated.' All dissenters are protected by the First Amendment. A 'communist' can be prosecuted for actions against society, but not for expressing his views as to what the world order should be. Although television and radio time as well as newspaper space is available to the affluent members of this society to disseminate their views, most people cannot afford that space. Hence, the means of protest, and the customary manner of dissent in America, from the days of the American Revolution, has been pamphleteering." David Douglas Duncan (1916-), Self-Portrait: U.S.A.; photos of the 1968 Dem. and Repub. Conventions. Leon Edel (1907-97), Henry James: The Treacherous Years, 1895-1901. Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-) and John Ehrenreich, Long March, Short Spring: The Student Uprising at Home and Abroad. Loren Eiseley (1907-77), The Unexpected Universe; "Every man contains within himself a ghost continent - a place circled as warily as Antarctica was circled two hundred years ago by Captain James Cook"; "Bereft of instinct, [man] must search continually for meanings... Man was a reader before he became a writer, a reader of what Coleridge once called the mighty alphabet of the universe." Gunnar Ekelof (1907-68), Patience (essays) (posth.). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), The Quest: History and Meaning in Religion. Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-94), Gandhi's Truth: On the Origin of Militant Nonviolence (Pulitzer Prize); psychoanalyzes Gandhi? Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006), Nothing, and So Be It; exposes the Oct. 1968 Tlatelolco Massacre, causing the Mexican govt. to deny it. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Being Busted; his 1967 arrest for maintaining premises where banned substances are used; convicted in 1970, reversed in 1972. Bobby Fischer (1943-2008), My 60 Memorable Games of Chess. Fritz Fischer (1908-99), The War of Illusions: German Policies from 1911 to 1914 (Krieg der Illusionen); denies the Sonderweg ("special path") interpretation of German history, that the Third Reich inevitably arose from the Reformation, and instead proposes the Primat der Innenpolitik (Primacy of Domestic Politics) view of German foreign policy, claiming that although German society was progressing economically and industrially, the German state saw itself under siege by democratic forces at home and tried to distract them via foreign aggression. Louis Fischer (1896-1970), Russia's Road from Peace to War. Frederick Forsyth (1938-), The Biafra Story: The Making of an African Legend (first book). Michel Foucault (1926-84), The Archaeology of Knowledge; discursive practices. Antonia Fraser (1932-), Mary, Queen of Scots. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth; Utopia or Oblivion: The Prospects for Humanity; "The present top-priority world problem to be solved may be summarized as how to triple, swiftly, safely, and satisfyingly, the overall performance per kilos, kilowatts, and man-hours of the world's comprehensively invested resources of elements, energy, time, and intelligence. To do so will render those resources - which at the present uncoordinated, happenstance, design level can support only 44 per cent of humanity - capable of supporting 100 per cent of humanity's increasing population at higher standards of living than any human minority or single individual has ever known or dreamed of and will thus eliminate the cause of war and its weapons' frustrating diversion of productivity from the support of all mankind." John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006), Ambassador's Journal: A Personal Account of the Kennedy Years; How to Control the Military. Joan Theresa (Terry) Garrity (1940-), The Sensuous Woman: The First How-To Book for the Female Who Yearns to Be All Woman; bestseller; pub. under the alias "J". Peter Gay (1923-2015), The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, Vol. 2: The Science of Freedom; covers the Philosophes. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Jewish History Atlas. Lillian Gish (1893-1993), The Movies, Mr. Griffith and Me (autobio.). Paul Goodman (1911-72), The Politics of Being Queer; considers gay sex natural, normal, and healthy; "What is really obscene is the way our society makes us feel shameful and like criminals for doing human things that we really need" - easier to say in the days before HIV? Graham Greene (1904-91), Travels with My Aunt; retired bank mgr. Henry Pulling and his Aunt Augusta. Oscar Handlin (1915-2011), The American Immigration Collection (42 vols.). Thomas Anthony Harris (1910-95), I'm OK, You're OK; bestselling self-help guide to transactional analysis and the PAC (Parent, Adult, Child) framework; followed by "Staying OK" (1985). Barbara Grizzuti Harrison (1934-2002), Unlearning the Lie: Sexism in School. Will Hart, The Genesis Race: Our Extraterrestrial DNA and the True Origins of the Species; claims that ETs landed about 3K B.C.E. and bioengineered modern man. Ragnhild Marie Hatton (1913-95), Europe in the Age of Louis XIV. Lillian Hellman (1905-84), An Unfinished Woman (autobio.); "By the time I grew up, the fight for the emancipation of woman, their rights under the law, in the office, in bed, was stale stuff"; embraced by the women's movement until some begin questioning her veracity? Edward Hoagland (1932-), Notes from the Century Before: A Journal from British Columbia. Abbie Hoffman (1936-89), Revolution for the Hell of It; later subtitled "The Book That Earned Abbie Hoffman a 5-Year Prison Term at the Chicago Conspiracy Trial"; written under the alias "Free"; the Yippie philosophy. Richard Hofstadter (1916-70), The Idea of a Party System: The Rise of Legitimate Opposition in the United States, 1780-1840; how the Founding Fathers edged into it after philosophically rejecting it. Johan Jorgen Holst, William Schneider, and Frank E. Armbruster, Why ABM? Policy Issues in the Missile Defense Controversy. Townsend Walter Hoopes II (1922-2004), The Limits of Intervention: An Inside Account of How the Johnson Policy of Escalation in Vietnam Was Reversed. David Joel Horowitz (1939-), Empire and Revolution: A Radical Interpretation of Contemporary History; "Liberation is no longer, and can be no longer, a national concern. The dimension of the struggle, as Lenin and the Bolsheviks so clearly saw, is international: its road is the socialist revolution"; "More than ever before, for humanity to live under capitalism, is to live on borrowed time"; by the 1990s he turns into a conservative. Harford Montgomery Hyde (1907-89), Henry James at Home; his distant cousin. Clifford Irving (1930-), Fake! The Story of Elmyr de Hory, the Greatest Art Forger of Our Time; art forger Elmyr de Hory (1906-76). Clifford Irving (1930-) and Herbert Burkholz (1933-2006), Spy: The Story of Modern Espionage. Christopher Isherwood (1904-86), Essentials of Vedanta. Alija Izetbegovic (1925-2003), The Islamic Declaration (1969-70); future pres. #1 of Bosniaand Herzegovina (1992-6) promotes pan-Islamism, and gets a 13-year prison sentence in 1983 for promoting an Islamic state in Bosnia. C.L.R. James (1901-89), A History of Pan-African Revolt. Jane Jacobs (1916-2006), The Economy of Cities. Arthur Jensen (1923-2012), How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement? (Feb.) (Harvard Educational Review); claims that 80% of the variance of IQ in a pop. is the result of genetic factors, and only 20% to environmental influences, causing a firestorm of controversy along with death threats, causing him to pub. another article in 1981 with the soundbyte: "Nowhere have I 'claimed' an 'innate deficiency' of intelligence in blacks. My position on this question is clearly spelled out in my most recent book: 'The plain fact is that at present there exists no scientifically satisfactory explanation for the differences between the IQ distributions in the black and white populations. The only genuine consensus among well-informed scientists on this topic is that the cause of the difference remains an open question.'" Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980), Belief and Disbelief in American Culture: The Weil Lectures. Pauline Kael (1919-2001), Going Steady: Film Writings 1968-1969. Robert Francis Kennedy (1925-68), Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (posth.). Dean H. Kenyon and Gary Steinman, Biochemical Predestination; how evolution is inevitable from chemistry; by 1976 Kenyon chucks the theory in the light of the little ole problem of needing DNA first, while the evolution community continues to hold onto Dull Darwin? Walter Kerr (1913-96), Thirty Plays Hath November. Ken Keyes Jr. (1921-95) and Jacque Fresco, Looking Forward; futurism. Cecil Harmsworth King (1901-87), Strictly Personal (autobio.); owner of Mirror Group Newspapers. Russell Amos Kirk (1918-94), Enemies of the Permanent Things. Henry Alfred Kissinger (1923-), American Foreign Policy, Three Essays. Edward Klein (1937-), Richard Z. Chesnoff, and Robert Littell, If Israel Lost the War. Anne Koedt, Politics of the Ego: A Manifesto for New York Radical Feministers (Dec.). Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986), The Only Revolution. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (1926-2004), On Death and Dying: What the Dying Have to Teach Doctors, Nurses, Clergy, and Their Own Families; "out-of-body experiences" (astral projection), as told by dying hospital patients in one of the abba-dabba-do Five Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross Model): Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance; spurs development of hospices for the dying - Science is getting close to finding the b.s. hormone? David Laidler (1938-), The Demand for Money: Theories and Evidence; the stability of the relationship between income and demand for money, promoting monetarism; 4th ed. 1993. David S. Landes (1924-2013), The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present; describes the Industrial Rev. of the 18th cent. and popularizes the term Second Industrial Rev.; becomes a std. work. Jeremy Larner (1937-), Nobody Knows; his travels with the Eugene McCarthy pres. campaign; serialized in "Harper's Mag." in Apr.-May. Christopher Lasch (1932-94), The Agony of the American Left. Walter Laqueur (1921-), The Struggle for the Middle East: The Soviet Union in the Mediterranean. Anton Szandor LaVey (1930-97), The Satanic Bible; "Just Ayn Rand's philosophy with ceremony and ritual added." Sam Levenson (1911-80), Sex and the Single Child; bestseller. Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), The Raw and the Cooked; his deconstructionist approach applied to mythology. Oscar Lewis (1914-70), A Death in the Sanchez Family. Dwight Macdonald (1906-82), Dwight Macdonald on Movies. Sir Fitzroy MacLean (1911-96), Yugoslavia (May 15); by "the real James Bond 007", who fought with Tito and his partisans in WWII. Harold Macmillan (1894-1986), Tides of Fortune, 1945-1955. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Miami and the Siege of Chicago; the 1968 Repub. and Dem. Nat. Conventions. William Manchester (1922-2004), The Arms of Krupp: The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Dynasty that Armed Germany at War, 1587-1968. Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), An Essay on Liberation; "The question is no longer: how can the individual satisfy his own needs withoug hurting others, but rather: how can he satisfy his needs without hurting himself, without reproducing, through his aspirations and satisfactions, his dependence on an exploitative apparatus which, in satisfying his needs, perpetuates his servitude?" Rollo May (1909-94), Love and Will; an awareness of death is essential to life? Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), Violence and Thought: Essays on Social Tensions in Africa. Phyllis McGinley (1905-78), Saint-Watching. Joe McGinniss (1942-), The Selling of the President 1968 (first book); how Nixon's image was recast using modern marketing techniques and TV. Eric Louis McKitrick (1919-2002), Andrew Johnson: A Profile. John McPhee (1931-), A Roomful of Hovings and Other Profiles; Levels of the Game; two pro tennis players; The Crofter and the Laird. John Michell (1933-2009), The View Over Atlantis; revives interest in Alfred Watkins' Ley Lines, which allegedly align and unite ancient monuments and megaliths and give them spiritual power or energy; "Almost the founding document of the modern Earth mysteries movement" (Ronald Hutton); revised in 1983 as "The New View Over Atlantis". Louis O. Mink (1921-83), Mind, History and Dialectic: The Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood. Marvin Lee Minsky (1927-) and Seymour Papert (1928-), Perceptrons: An Introduction to Computational Geometry (June); seminal text on artificial intelligence (AI). Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973), The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science; this year he addresses a student rally by the Young Americans for Freedom at Madison Square Garden in New York City, uttering the soundbyte: "The spell of the dreadful conformity that threatened to convert our country into a spiritual desert is broken. There are again young men and women eager to think over the fundamental problems of life and action. This is a genuine moral and intellectual resurrection, a movement that will prevent us from falling prey to the arbitrary tyranny of dictators. As an old man I am greeting the young generation of liberators." Jessica Mitford (1917-96), The Trial of Dr. Spock. Robin Moore (1925-2008), The French Connection: A True Account of Cops, Narcotics, and International Conspiracy. Alan Moorehead (1910-83), Darwin and the Beagle; the real Charlie Brown and Snoopy? Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), So What About History? Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), A Talent to Amuse: A Biography of Noel Coward; launches his career as a biographer of entertainment celebs incl. Marilyn Monroe and Joan Collins. Desmond Morris (1928-), The Human Zoo: A Zoologist's Study of the Human Animal; bestseller claiming that man is still a caveman inside, and that our behavior in crowded cities resembles that of captive animals, because there is no Creator to redesign us, and Darwinian Evolution is too slow, pissing-off both sides; "The human animal appears to have adapted brilliantly to his extraordinary new condition, but he has not had time to change biologically, to evolve into a new, genetically civilized species. This civilizing process has been accomplished entirely by learning and conditioning. Biologically he is still the simple tribal animal." Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), Jesus Rediscovered; bestseller detailing his conversion from agnostic to Christian; in 1983 he converts to Roman Catholic under the influence of Mother Teresa. Joseph Needham (1900-95), The Grand Titration: Science and Society in East and West; Within the Four Seas: The Dialogue of East and West. Jack Newfield (1938-2004), Robert F. Kennedy: A Memoir; a hagiography? Robert Nisbet (1913-), Social Change and History. Michael Novak (1933-), A Theology for Radical Politics. Flannery O'Connor (1925-64), Mystery and Manners (posth.) (essays). Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-), On the Experience of Time; questions the existence of an inner clock. Harry Allen Overstreet (1875-1970) and Bonaro Wilkinson Overstreet (1902-85), The FBI in Our Open Society; bestseller. Michael Parenti (1934-), The Anti-Communist Impulse - you don't want clumps, that's a fact? Talcott Parsons (1902-79), Politics and Social Structure. Geoffrey Payton (-1985), Payton's Proper Names; when he dies, his son John Payton takes over. Laurence J. Peter (1919-90) and Raymond Hull, The Peter Principle; bestseller about how (in middle management mainly) "In a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence"; rejected by 16 pubs. before William Morrow raises it to its level - subliminal sex message in title? Kevin Phillips (1940-), The Emerging Republican Majority; the architect of Nixon's "Southern Strategy" predicts the coming Repub. domination of U.S. politics. Sir John Harold Plumb (1911-2001), The Death of the Past; how people always rewrite history to further their own ends, and how technological advances have made the past a less reliable guide to modern industrial societies. Michael Polanyi (1891-1976), Knowing and Being; ed. Marjorie Grene. John Enoch Powell (1912-98), Freedom and Reality; incl. his "Rivers of Blood" speech. Karl H. Pribram (1919-), Brain and Behaviour. Karl H. Pribram (1919-) (ed.), On the Biology of Learning. Henry Habberley Price (1899-1984), Belief. Merlo John Pusey (1902-85), The Way We Go to War. Benjamin Arthur Quarles (1904-96), Black Abolitionists. Philip Rahv (1908-73), Literature and the Sixth Sense (essays); selections from 30 years of lit. criticism by a leading New York Jewish Communist lit. critic; incl. Paleface and Redskin; awareness of the historical is the 6th sense? Wallace Rayburn, Flushed with Pride: The Story of Thomas Crapper; the true story of invention of the toilet by a Victorian named Sir Thomas Crapper; a hoax. Dr. David Reuben (1933-), Everything You Wanted to Know About Sex (But Were Afraid to Ask); bestseller; sells 8M copies in 2 years. John M. Richardson Jr. (1938-), Partners in Development. Joan Robinson (1903-83), The Cultural Revolution in China; claims that Mao is trying to recapture the rev. spirit, and has "moderate and humane" intentions. Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), Sex Energy: The Sexual Force in Men and Animals. Ned Rorem (1923-), Paris Diary (autobio.); his gay flings with Leonard Bernstein, Noel Coward, Virgil Thomson, Samuel Barber et al. Theodore Roszak (1933-), The Making of a Counter Culture: Relections on the Technocratic Society and its Youthful Opposition; coins the term "counter-culture". Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), Economic Depressions: Their Cause and Cure. Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), Dear Bertrand Russell... A Selection of his Correspondence with the General Public, 1950-1968; ed. by Barry Feinberg and Ronald Kasrils. William Ryan (1923-), Distress in the City: Essays on the Design and Administration of Urban Mental Health Services; blames the victim? Ralph Francis Salerno (1925-2003), The Crime Confederation; former New York City detective and expert on the Mafia, who cleared them of involvement in the assassination of JFK. Harrison Evans Salisbury (1908-93), The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad; disses Stalin for deliberate starvation and murder of 1.5M of the 3.4M pop., causing it to be banned in the Soviet Union; War Between Russia and China. Charles Coleman Sellers (1903-80), Charles Willson Peale; his great-great-grandfather. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), The Great Depression. Martin Seymour-Smith (1928-98), Fallen Women: A Controversial Look at Prostitutes and Prostitution in Literature. Lloyd S. Shapley (1923-), Utility Comparison and the Theory of Games. Lloyd S. Shapley (1923-) and Martin Shubik (1926-), On Market Games. William Lawrence Shirer (1904-93), The Collapse of the Third Republic. Debabrata Sinha, Studies in Phenomenology. B.F. Skinner (1904-90), Contingencies of Reinforcement: A Theoretical Analysis (Jan.). Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Automobile Makers. Susan Sontag (1933-2004), Styles of Radical Will; incl. "The Pornographic Imagination" (a defense of porno), "Godard", "Trip to Hanoi", "The Aesthetic of Silence". Theodore Sorensen (1928-), The Kennedy Legacy. Albert Speer (1905-81), Inside the Third Reich; an under-the-hood view of the Nazi regime from 1933-45 sans mention of atrocities. Kenneth Milton Stampp (1912-2009), The Southern Road to Appomattox. Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), Imposters of God: Inquiries into Favorite Idols. Han Suyin (1917-), Asia Today: Two Outlooks. Joseph Szigeti (1892-1973), Szigeti on the Violin; old Hungarian master speaks, complaining how the competition has replaced the recital, and the recording industry has pushed artists to play before they're ready. Gay Talese (1932-), The Kingdom and the Power; inside story of the New York Times. James Tobin (1918-2002), A General Equilibrium Approach to Monetary Theory; calls his Tobin Quotient "q" (Q). Robert Chase Townsend (1920-98), Up the Organization: How to Stop the Corporation from Stifling People and Strangling Profits; bestseller by the CEO of Avis (1962-5), who originated the "We Try Harder" campaign, backing the Theory Y of Douglas McGregor's 1960 "The Human Side of Enterprise". Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975) (ed.), The Crucible of Christianity: Judaism, Hellenism and the Historical Background to the Christian Faith; Experiences; Some Problems of Greek History. Paul Twitchell (1908-71), Eckankar: The Key to Secret Worlds; "The cosmic worlds are beyond the sight of man, but they are as authentic as the ground upon which we stand on this Earth Plane." Giuseppe Ungaretti (1888-1970), The Life of a Man (Vita di un Uomo). John Eugene Unterecker (1922-89), Voyager: A Life of Hart Crane. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Reflections on a Sinking Ship; the future of liberalism. Alan W. Watts (1915-73), Why Not Now: The Art of Meditation. Ray Lewis White (ed.), Sherwood Anderson's Memoirs. Theodore Harold White (1915-86), The Making of the President 1968. T. Harry Williams (1909-79), Huey Long (Pulitzer Prize); uses oral histories. William Appleman Williams (1921-90), The Roots of the Modern American Empire: A Study of the Growth and Shaping of Social Consciousness in a Marketplace Society. Frederick William Winterbotham (1897-1990), Secret and Personal; British WWII RAF officer is member of the Ultra codebreakers, but can't talk about it until 1974. Gordon S. Wood (1933-), The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787; makes him #1 among Am. Rev. historians. Robin Wood (1931-2009), Ingmar Bergman; Arthur Penn. Leonard Sidney Woolf (1880-1969), The Journey Not the Arrival Matters (autobio.). Frances Amelia Yates (1899-1981), Theatre of the World; claims that the Globe Theatre was Vitruvian in architectural design and symbolism. Art: Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Hommage a Marc Chagall; The Yellow Background. George Cohen (1919-99), Girlfriends. Lucien Coutaud (1904-77), Les Personnages-Cygnes. Philip Guston (1913-80), City Limits; The Studio - wipe the snot off your face? Eva Hesse (1936-70), Vinculum II (latex-vinyl sculpture); Accession II (galvanized steel and plastic tubing sculpture). Luis Jimenez (1941-2006), Cycle (fiberglass sculpture). Allen Jones (1937-), Chair, Table and Hat Stand (forniphiliac sculpture) - coffee, tea or me? Anselm Kiefer (1945-), Occupations. William de Kooning (1904-97), Montauk I. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Libreros; Nude Hiding in the Forest; Verginosamente. Edward Middleditch (1923-87), Summer Landscape; Garden Landscape. Robert Morris (1931-), Continuous Project Altered Daily (sculpture). Elizabeth Murray (1940-), Night Empire (acrylic on canvas). Barnett Newman (1905-70), Chartres; triangular. Claes Oldenburg (1929-), Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks. Philip Pearlstein (1934-), Two Nude Females on Chairs. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Painter and Infant (Oct. 21); an allegory of artistic transmission from one generation to the next; The Kiss; Large Heads; Man in a Chair; Rembrandtesque Figure and Cupid. Fairfield Porter (1907-75), Clearing Weather. Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), Carnal Clocks (light boxes containing collages of body parts). Endre Rozsda (1913-99), The Continuous Movement. Mark Rothko (1903-70), Red and Orange on Salmon. Richard Serra (1939-), One-Ton Prop (a house of cards). Robert Smithson (1938-73), Mirror Displacement: Cayuga Salt Mine Project (sculpture). Kumi Sugai (1919-96), Soleil Blanc. Wayne Thiebaud (1920-), Candy Counter. Music: Ten Years After, Stonedhenge (album #3) (Feb. 22); incl. Hear Me Calling; on Apr. 8 they perform their first U.S. concert at the Fillmore East in New York City, and are so bad that Roger Chapman throws a microphone stand through the air in the direction of impresario Bill Graham, giving them a bad rep; Ssssh (album #4) (Aug.) (#20 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); incl. Good Morning Little Schoolgirl. The Allman Brothers Band, The Allman Brothers Band (album) (debut) (Nov. 4); from Jacksonville, Fla., incl. Gregory Lenoir "Gregg" Allman (1947) (vocals), Howard Duane Allman (1946-71) (keyboards, slide guitar), Forrest Richard "Dickey" Betts (1943-) (guitar), Raymond Berry Oakley III (1948-72) (bass), Claude Hudson "Butch" Trucks (1947-) (drums), and Jai Johanny "Jaimoe" Johanson (1944-) (drums); incl. Whipping Post, Dreams. Rare Amber, Rare Amber (album); incl. Malfunction of the Engine/Blind Love. The Five Americans, Virginia Girl; Scrooge; I See the Light '69; She's Too Good to Me; the break up, too bad. Ed Ames (1927-), Windmills of Your Mind (album); incl. Changing, Changing, Son of a Travelin' Man, Think Summer (with Marilyn Maye); Love of the Common People (album); incl. Leave Them a Flower, Thing Called Love. Chris Andrews (1942-), Pretty Belinda. The Silver Apples, Contact (album #2); incl. Ruby. The Archies, Sugar, Sugar; #1 1969 hit in U.S. and U.K.; lead vocalist Ron Dante (Carmine Granito) (1945-); causes the term "bubblegum rock" to be coined. The Association, Goodbye, Columbus Soundtrack (album #5); incl. Goodbye, Columbus; The Association (album #6). David Axelrod (1955-), Songs of Experience (album); incl. The Human Abstract. Kevin Ayers (1944-), Joy of a Toy (album #4) (debut) (Nov.). Burt Bacharach (1928-), Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head. Joan Baez (1941-), David's Album (album #7) (May) (#36 in the U.S.); recorded for hubby (1968-73) David Victor Harris (1946-), who is set to be jailed for resisting the draft, although they split a few mo. after his release. The Band, The Band (Brown Album) (album #2) (Sept. 22) (Capitol Records) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. Up on Cripple Creek (#25 in the U.S.), Rag Mama Rag (#57 in the U.S.), The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down, Look Out Cleveland, King Harvest (Has Surely Come). The Beatles, Yellow Submarine (album #10) (Jan. 17); incl. All Together Now, Hey Bulldog; Abbey Road (album #11) (Sept. 26); incl. Come Together, Something, Maxwell's Silver Hammer, Oh! Darling, Octopus's Garden, I Want You (She's So Heavy), Here Comes the Sun, Because, You Never Give Me Your Money, Sun King, Mean Mr. Mustard, Polythene Pam, She Came in Through the Bathroom Window, Golden Slumbers, Carry That Weight, The End, Her Majesty. Captain Beefheart (1941-) and The Magic Band, Trout Mask Replica (album #3) (double album) (June); released on Straight Records; incl. The Dust Blows Forward 'n the Dust Blows Back, Dachau Blues, Hair Pie: Bake 1, Sweet Sweet Bulbs, China Pig, Hobo Chang Ba, Ella Guru, My Human Gets Me Blues, Moonlight On Vermont, Pena, Veteran's Day Poppy, Sugar 'n Spikes, Hair Pie: Bake 2, She's Too Much for My Mirror. Archie Bell (1944-) and the Drells, There's Gonna Be a Showdown (album); incl. Here I Go Again; "I should have learned my lesson, you hurt me before/ But every time I see ya, I keep running back for more." Bembeya Jazz National, Armee Guineenne (Armée Guinéenne); dedicated to the Guinea army. Captain Beefheart (1941-2011) and his Magic Band, Trout Mask Replica (album) (Oct.); incl. The Blimp; Veteran's Day Poppy. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Good Looking Woman. Jane Birkin (1946-) and Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91), Je t'Aime... Moi non Plus (I Love you... Me Neither); features a female orgasm; banned in Italy, Spain and Britain, causing it to become a Euro hit. Boris Blacher (1903-75), Anacaona; based on the Alfred, Lord Tennyson poems about Indian queen Anacaona (-1504) of Hispaniola. Mike Bloomfield (1943-81), It's Not Killing Me (album) (debut); Live at Bill Graham's Fillmore West. Shocking Blue, At Home (album #2); from Netherlands, incl. Mariska Veres (vocals), Robbie van Leeuwen (guitar), Klaasje van der Wal (bass), and Cor van der Beek (drums); incl. Venus (#1 in the U.S.); after selling 13.5M records, they disband in 1974. The Moody Blues, On the Threshold of a Dream (album #4) (Apr. 25) (their first #1 U.K. album and first U.S. top-20 album); incl. Never Comes the Day; To Our Children's Children's Children (album #5) (Nov. 21) (#2 in the U.K.); incl. Watching and Waiting. Delaney & Bonnie (Bramlett), Home (album) (debut) (May); incl. It's Been a Long Time Coming, Hard to Say Goodbye; Accept No Substitute (album #2); incl. Ghetto. David Bowie (1947-2016), David Bowie: Man of Words, Man of Music (Space Oddity) (Nov. 4) (album); his first hit; incl. Space Oddity (July 11); about Major Tom, who takes a spacewalk and gets lost in space (the world of drugs?); used by the BBC during its Apollo 11 and Apollo 13 coverage. Bread, Bread (album) (debut) (Sept.) (#127 in the U.S.); from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. David Gates (vocals, guitar), Jimmy Griffin (vocals, guitar), Robb Royer (vocals, bass, keyboards), Larry Knechtel (bass, keyboards), and Mike Botts (drums); incl. It Don't Matter to Me. Brewer and Shipley, Weeds (album #2). Peter Brotzmann (1941-), Nipples (album #3); incl. Nipples. James Brown (1933-2006), Get Down to It (album); Mother Popcorn (You Got to Have a Mother for Me) (June) (#11 in the U.S.) ("Jump back baby, James Brown's gonna do his thing"). Savoy Brown, Blue Matter (album #3); last gasp of the blues in Britain?; incl. Train to Nowhere; A Step Further (album #4); incl. I'm Tired; Raw Sienna (album #5). Jerry Butler (1939-), Only the Strong Survive (#4 in the U.S.). Iron Butterfly, Ball (album). Joe Byrd (1937-) and the Field Hippies, The American Metaphysical Circus (album) (debut); Joseph "Joe" Byrd (1937-), Tom Scott, Ted Greene, Meyer Hirsch, Victoria Bond, and Ernie Anderson; stays in print for almost 20 years; incl. The Elephant at the Door, Invisible Man (slams LBJ). The Byrds, Dr. Byrds & Mr. Hyde (album #7) (Feb. 3); incl. Bad Night at the Whiskey, Drug Store Truck Drivin' Man; Ballad of Easy Rider (album #8) (Oct. 29); incl. Ballad of Easy Rider. Glen Campbell (1936-2017), Galveston (album #13) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Galveston. Can, Monster Movie (album) (album); Malcolm Mooney (vocals), Michael Karoli (guitar), Holger Czukay (bass), Irmin Schmidt (keyboards), Jaki Liebezeit (drums); inaugurates Krautrock?; incl. Yoo Doo Right. Carpenters, Offering (album) (debut); incl. Ticket to Ride; Karen Carpenter (1950-83) and Ricahrd Carpenter (1946-). Vikki Carr (1941-), With Pen in Hand. Johnny Cash (1932-2003), At San Quentin (album #31) (June 4) (#1 country) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. A Boy Named Sue (#1 country) (#2 in the U.S.); recorded at San Quentin State Prison N of San Francisco, Calif. on Feb. 24; written by Playboy cartoonist Shel Silverstein (1930-99). The Original Caste, One Tin Soldier; written by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter; covered by Coven for the 1971 film "Billy Jack". The Comfortable Chair, The Comfortable Chair (album) (debut); from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Bernie Schwartz and Barbara Wallace; discovered by Jim Morrison; incl. A Child's Garden, Let Me Through. Ray Charles (1930-2004), If It Wasn't For Bad Luck; We Can Make It. Blue Cheer, New! Improved! (album #3) (Mar.); incl. It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry (by Bob Dylan); Blue Cheer (album #4) (Dec.); go to four members. Chicago (Transit Authority), Chicago Transit Authority (debut album) (double album) (Apr. 28, 1969) (2M copies) (#17 in the U.S.) (#9 in the U.K.); stays on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart for 171 weeks; from Chicago, Ill. incl. by Walter "Walt" Parazaider (1945-) (sax) (who formed it after hearing the Beatles' "Got to Get You Into My Life" and wanting to put more horns into pop-rock), James Carter Pankow (1947-) (trombone), Lee Loughnane (1946-) (pr. LOCK-nane) (trumpet), Terry Alan Kath (1946-78) (guitar) (bandleader) (Jimmy Hendrix's favorite guitarist?), Robert William Lamm (1944-) (keyboards), Daniel Peter "Danny" Seraphine (1948-) (drums), and Peter Paul Cetera (1944-) (bass); incl. Beginnings (#71 in the U.S.), Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? (#7 in the U.S.), Questions 67 and 68 (#24 in the U.S.), I'm a Man (#49 in the U.S.). Lou Christie (1943-), I'm Gonna Make You Mine. Flying Circus, Hayride. Classics IV, Traces. Strawberry Alarm Clock, Stand By; Good Morning Starshine (from the 1968 musical "Hair"); Desiree; Small Package; I Climbed the Mountain. Joe Cocker (1944-2014), With a Little Help from My Friends (album) (debut) (Apr. 23) (#35 in the U.S.); incl. With a Little Help from My Friends (by John Lennon and Paul McCartney); Joe Cocker! (album #2) (Nov.). Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), Songs from a Room (album #2) (Apr.) (#63 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. Bird on a Wire, The Partisan. The Collectors, Rainbow of Fire. 1910 Fruitgum Company, Indian Giver. Arthur Conley (1946-2003) and Tom Dowd (1925-2002), Star Review. Rita Coolidge (1945-), Turn Around and Love You (debut). Alice Cooper (1948-), Pretties for You (album) (debut) (Aug.). Amen Corner, The National Welsh Coast Live Explosion Company (album #2) (#19 in the U.K.); incl. If Paradise Is Half As Nice (#1 in the U.K.); Hello Susie (#4 in the U.K.); Farewell to the Real Magnificent Seven (album #3); incl. Get Back (by the Beatles). Gal Costa (1945-), Gal Costa (album) (solo debut); incl. Baby. Coven, Witchcraft Destroys Minds and Reaps Souls (album) (debut); the pure Satanic music causes a controversy after the Aug. 1969 Tate-La Bianca murders, and is removed from the market, influencing Black Sabbath, Goth et al., incl. introducing the Sign of the Horns to rock & roll; from Chicago, Ill., incl. Jinx Dawson (1950-) (vocals), Oz Osborne (bass) (not to be confused with Ozzy Osbourne), Chris Neilsen (guitar), Rick Durrett/John Hobbs (keyboards), Steve Ross (drums); incl. Satanic Mass. Cream, Goodbye (last album) (Jan. 23); they broke up in Nov. 1968; incl. I'm So Glad, Sitting on Top of the World, Badge. I Feel Free. King Crimson, In the Court of the Crimson King (album) (debut) (Oct. 10) (#5 in the U.K.); launches progressive rock, blending rock & roll with classical; from England, incl. Robert Fripp (1946-) (guitar), Robert Steven "Adrian" Belew (1949-), Michael Rex Giles (1942-) (drums), Ian MacDonald (1946-) (sax), Gregory Stuart "Greg" Lake (1947-) (bass), and Peter John Sinfield (1943-) (synthesizer, lyrics); incl. The Court of the Crimson King, 21st Century Schizoid Man, Epitaph, I Talk to the Wind, Moonchild; strips away the blues-based foundations of rock and adds jazz and Classical, becoming the most influential progressive rock album ever released? Jim Croce (1943-73), Jim & Ingrid Croce (album #2). Seals and Crofts, Seals & Crofts (album) (debut); from Tex., incl. James "Jim" Seals (1941-) and Darrell "Dash" Crofts (1940); Cromagnon, Orgasm (Cave Rock) (album); incl. Caledonia. Crosby, Stills & Nash, Crosby, Stills & Nash (album) (debut) (May 29); David Van Cortlandt Crosby (1941-), Stephen Arthur Stills (1945-), Graham William Nash (1942-); incl. Marrakesh Express, Suite: Judy Blue Eyes, Wooden Ships, Guinnevere. The Cuff Links, Tracy; by Ron Dante (Carmine Granito) (1945-) of the Archies. Miles Davis (1926-91), Bitches Brew (double album); incl. Bitches Brew; In a Silent Way (album); incl. Shhh/Peaceful. The Grateful Dead, Aoxomoxoa (album #3) (June 20); incl. St. Stephen, China Cat Sunflower; Live/Dead (album) (Nov. 10). Desmond Dekker (1941-2006) and the Aces, The Israelites; the first reggae song?; first pop hit from Jamaica. The Dells, Oh, What A Night; remake of their 1956 million-seller, selling another 1M copies. Edison Denisov (1929-96), Silhouettes; Chant des Oiseaux (Song of the Birds); DSCH. Sandy Denny (1947-78), What We Did On Our Holidays (album) (Jan.); Unhalfbricking (album) (July); Liege & Lief (album) (Dec.). John Denver (1943-97), Rhymes and Reasons (album) (debut) (Oct. 14); incl. Rhymes and Reasons, Leaving on a Jet Plane, The Ballad of Richard Nixon. Jackie DeShannon (1944-), Put a Little Love in Your Heart (#4 in the U.S.). Neil Diamond (1941-), Shilo (Sept.) (#24 in the U.S.); Brother Love's Traveling Salvation Show (Feb. 22) (#22 in the U.S.); Sweet Caroline (June 28) (#4 in the U.S.) (inspired by JFK's 11-y.-o. daughter Caroline Kennedy) (audiences begin singing "So good so good so good" during perf.); Holly Holy (Nov. 1) (#6 in the U.S.). The 5th Dimension, The Age of Aquarius (album #4) (May) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In (#1 in the U.S.) ("When the Moon is in the Seventh House, and Jupiter aligns with Mars, then Peace will guide the Planets, and Love will steer the Stars. This is the dawning of the Age of Aquarius... Harmony and understanding, sympathy and trust abounding; no more falsehoods or derision - golden living, dreams of visions, mystic crystal revelation, and the mind's true liberation. Aquarius..."), Workin' on a Groovy Thing (#20 in the U.S.), Wedding Bell Blues (#1 in the U.S.), Blowing Away (#21 in the U.S.), Let It Be Me. The Family Dogg, A Way of Life (album) (debut); incl. A Way of Life (#6 in the U.K.); from England, incl. Mike Hazlewood (1941-2001), Kristine Sparkle (Christine Holmes), Stephen "Steve" Rowland (1932-), and Albert Hammond (1944-). Donovan (1946-), Donovan's Greatest Hits (album) (Mar.); incl. Barabajagal (album) (Aug.); incl. Barabajagal. The Doors, The Soft Parade (album #4) (July); incl. Touch Me (Curtis Amy on sax). Sir Douglas Quintet, Dynamite Woman. Nick Drake (1948-74), Five Leaves Left (album) (debut) (July 3); incl. River Man. New Dream, Groupie. The Dubliners, It's the Dubliners (album); Live at the Albert Hall (album). Bob Dylan (1941-), Nashville Skyline (album #9) (Apr. 9) (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); first with his affected country crooning voice; backing band incl. Charlie Daniels (bass), Pete Drake (steel guitar), and Kenneth Buttrey (drums); incl. Lay Lady Lay (#7 in the U.K.) (#5 in the U.K.), Girl from the North Country (w/Johnny Cash), Tonight I'll Be Staying Here with You (#50 in the U.S.), I Threw It All Away (#85 in the U.S.) (#30 in the U.K.). Duke Ellington (1899-1974), And His Mother Called Him Bill (album); Sacred Concert at Saint-Sulpice Church, Paris; recorded on Nov. 16. Cass Elliot (1941-74), Bubblegum, Lemonade, And... Something for Mama (album #2) (July 5); incl. I Can Dream, Can't I?; Make Your Own Kind of Music (album #3); incl. Make Your Own Kind of Music. Alton Ellis (1938-2008), The Best of Alton Ellis (album). Lorraine Ellison, Stay With Me. Small Faces, The Autumn Stone (album #5) (double album) (last album) (Nov.); incl. Here Come the Nice, I Can't Make It, The Universal, Tin Soldier, My Mind's Eye; they disband then reform as Faces, with Ronald Davis "Ronnie" Wood (1947-) and Roderick David "Rod" Stewart (1945-). Georgie Fame (1943-) and The Flames, Seventh Son (album #7); incl. Seventh Son, Peaceful. Blind Faith, Blind Faith (album) (debut) (last album) (Aug.) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); Eric Patrick Clapton (1945-) (formerly of Cream), Peter Edward "Ginger" Baker (1939-) (formerly of Cream), Stephen Lawrence "Steve" Winwood (1948-) (formerly of Traffic), Richard Roman "Rick" Grech (1946-90) (formerly of Family); incl. Can't Find My Way Home, In the Presence of the Lord, Sea of Joy; billed as "Super Cream", they give a free concert at Hyde Park, London on June 7, then debut at Madison Square Garden on July 12, where an on-stage riot gets Baker clubbed on the head by a police officer; the album sells 500K copies the first mo.; too bad, the cover by Bob Seidemann features a topless pubescent girl holding a phallic silver spaceship, which backfires when rumors spread she's the group's slave groupie or Baker's illegitimate daughter, and they break up in Oct. Marianne Faithfull (1946-), The World of Marianne Faithfull (album). Family, Family Entertainment (album #2); incl. The Weaver's Answer. Chris Farlowe (1940-), The Last Goodbye (album) (Aug.). Ella Fitzgerald (1917-96), Ella (album); incl. Get Ready. The Foundations, Digging the Foundations (album #4); incl. In the Bad Bad Old Days (Before You Loved Me) (#8 in the U.S.), Born to Live, Born to Die (#46 in the U.K.). Free, Free (album #2) (Oct.). The Fugs, The Belle of Avenue A (album #6). Eydie Gorme (1931-), As Long As He Needs Me; from "Oliver!". George Hamilton IV (1937-), Canadian Pacific (album); incl. Canadian Pacific; written by Ray Griff. Herbie Hancock (1940-), The Prisoner (album #7) (last on the Blue Note label); Fat Albert Rotunda (album #8) (Dec. 8) (first on Warner Bros. Records). Roy Harper (1941-), Folkjokeopus (album #3); incl. McGoohan's Blues (about the BBC-TV series "The Prisoner" starring Patrick McGoohan). Richard Harris (1930-2002), The Yard Went on Forever (album); incl. There Are Too Many Saviours on My Cross (condemns sectarian violence in Northern Ireland). The Jackson 5, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5 (Dec. 31) (debut); incl. I Want You Back (#1 in the U.S.), The Love You Save, I'll Be There. Hair (album); #1 selling LP of 1969. The Flirtations, Nothing But a Heartache. Pink Floyd, Ummagumma (double album) (Oct. 25); "Am I gunna have sex tonight?"; incl. Astronomy Domine, Careful with that Axe, Eugene. Flying Burrito Brothers, The Gilded Palace of Sin (album) (debut) (Feb.); from the West Coast, incl. Byrds members Gram Parsons (1946-73) and Christopher "Chris" Hillman (1944-), and "Sneaky" Pete Kleinow and Chris Ethridge; incl. Do Right Woman, Dark End of the Street, Christine's Tune. The Foundations, Digging the Foundations (album #3); incl. In the Bad Bad Old Days, Born to Live, Born to Die, Baby, I Couldn't See, Take a Girl Like You, I'm Gonna Be a Rich Man, Stoney Ground. Aretha Franklin (1942-2018), I Say a Little Prayer. The James Gang, Yer' Album (album) (debut) (Mar. 29); from Cleveland, Ohio, incl. Joseph Fidler "Joe" Walsh (1947-) (vocals), Tom Kriss (bass), Jim Fox (1947-) (drums), Ronnie Silverman/Bob Webb (guitar), Greg Grandillo/Dennis Chandler (guitar), and Phil Giallombardo (keyboards); features the legend "Turn me over" on side one, and "Play me again" on side two, which has grooves spaced to fool a record player into playing it over and over; incl. Funk #48. Kool and the Gang, Kool and the Gang (album) (debut); from Jersey City, N.J., incl. Robert Earl "Kool" Bell (1950-) (bass), Ronald Nathan Bell (1951-) (tenor sax), James Warren "J.T." Taylor (1953-) (vocals), Dennis Thomas (alto sax), Robert Mickens (trumpet), Claydes Charles Smith (1948-2006) (guitar), Rick Westfield (keyboards), and George Brown (drums). Marvin Gaye (1939-84), Marvin Gaye and His Girls (album) (Apr. 2); M.P.G. (Marvin Pentz Gay Jr.) (album #10) (Apr. 30) (#33 in the U.S.) (his first top-40 album); incl. Too Busy Thinking About My Baby, That's the Way Love Is. Marvin Gaye (1939-84) and Tammi Terrell (1945-70), Easy (album #3) (Sept. 6); incl. Good Lovin' Ain't Easy to Come By, California Soul, The Onion Song, Baby I Need Your Loving. Bee Gees, Odessa (album #6) (Jan.); the red flocked cover with gold lettering is discontinued after assembly workers develop allergic reactions; incl. Melody Fair, First of May. Genesis, From Genesis to Revelation (album) (debut) (Mar.); former pupils of Charterhouse School, incl. Peter Brian Gabriel (1950-), Anthony George "Tony" Banks (1950-), Michael John Cleote Crawford "Mike" Rutherford (1950-), Anthony Phillips; no drummer yet. Gilberto Gil (1942-), Gilberto Gil (album) (debut); launches the Tropicalia movement in Brazil; too bad, he is jailed for 5 mo. in 1969 without charges then exiled. Peter and Gordon, I Can Remember (Not Too Long Ago) (May). Moby Grape, Moby Grape '69 (album) (Jan.); incl. It's a Beautiful Day; Bob Mosley quits to join the U.S. Marines, after which they release Truly Fine Citizen (album). Norman Greenbaum (1942-), Spirit in the Sky (album); incl. Spirit in the Sky (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (2M copies); a parody about TV evangelists by a Mass-born. Jew who claims to be a practicing Zombie. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Okie from Muskogee; big counter-hippie hit for rednecks; "We don't smoke marijuana in Muskogee,/ We don't take our trips on LSD,/ We don't burn our draft cards down on main street/ We like living right and being free/ We don't make a party out of lovin'/ We like holdin' hands and pitchin' woo/ We don't let our hair grow long and shaggy/ Like the hippies out in San Francisco do/ I'm proud to be an Okie from Muskogee/ A place where even squares can have a ball/ We still wave Old Glory down at the courthouse/ And white lightnin's still the biggest thrill of all/ Leather boots are still in style for manly footwear,/ Beads and Roman sandals won't be seen,/ Football's still the roughest thing on campus,/ And the kids here still respect the college dean"; Workin' Man Blues. Herbie Hancock (1940-), The Prisoner (album); Fat Albert Rotunda (album). Tim Hardin (1941-80), Tim Hardin 4 (album) (Feb.); The Best of Tim Hardin (album); Suite for Susan Moore and Damion: We Are One, One, All in One (album) (#129 in the U.S.); Simple Song of Freedom (by Bobby Darin) (#50 in the U.S.). Anita Harris (1942-), Anniversary Waltz; Dream a Little Dream of Me. Noel Harrison, The Windmills of Your Mind (#8 in the U.K.) (from the 1968 film "The Thomas Crown Affair"). Procol Harum, A Salty Dog (album #3); incl. A Salty Dog. Emmylou Harris (1947-), Gliding Bird (album) (debut). George Harrison (1943-2001), Here Comes the Sun; Something. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Hot Buttered Soul (album); cover shows him with shaved head, gold jewelry and sunglasses; incl. Walk On By. Canned Heat, Hallelujah (album #4) (July 8). Hans Werner Henze (1926-), 6th Symphony. The Hollies, He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother (album); incl. He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother (Oct.) (#7 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); written by Sidney Keith "Bob" Russell (1914-70). Mott the Hoople, Mott the Hoople (album) (debut); Ian Hunter (1939-) (vocals), Michael Geoffrey "Mick" Ralphs (1944-), Verden Allen (1944-), Pete "Overend" Watts (1947-) (bass), Terence Dale "Buffin" Griffin (1948-) (drums); incl. Laugh at Me. Mary Hopkin (1950-), Postcard (album) (debut) (Feb. 21); incl. Goodbye (Mar. 28) (written by Paul McCartney). Karel Husa (1921-), String Quartet No. 3 (Pulitzer Prize). Janis Ian (1951-), Who Really Cares (album). Blues Image, Blues Image (album) (debut) (Feb.); from Tampa, Fla., incl. Mike Pinera (1948-) (vocals-guitar), Emilio Garcia/ Frank "Skip" Konte (1944-) (keyboards), Malcom Jones (1959-) (bass), Manuel "Manny" Bertematti (drums); The Isley Brothers, It's Your Thing (#2 in the U.S.) ("It's your thing/ Do what you wanna do/ I can't tell you/ Who to sock it to"); I Turned You On. The Iveys, Maybe Tomorrow (album) (debut); from London, incl. Peter "Pete" Ham (vocals, keyboards, guitar), Tom Evans (vocals, guitar), Ron Griffiths (vocals, bass), and Mike Gibbins (vocals, drums); Apple Records fails to promote because of their financial mess; next year they change their name to Badfinger. Wanda Jackson (1937-), My Big Iron Skillet. Tommy James (1947-) and the Shondells, Sweet Cherry Wine (#7 in the U.S.); Crystal Blue Persuasion (#2 in the U.S.). Elton John (1947-), Empty Sky (album) (debut) (June 3); lyrics by Bernie Taupin; incl. Empty Sky, Skyline Pigeon ("the first song Bernie and I ever got excited about"). Gary Lewis (1946-) and the Playboys, Now! (album #9). Close Cover Before Playing (album #10); New Directions (album #11); Rhythm! (album #12); Listen! (album #13). Randy Myers, Jackie DeShannon (1944-) and Jimmy Holiday (1934-87), Put a Little Love in Your Heart. Janis Joplin (1943-70), I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! (album) (debut) (Sept.); incl. Kozmic Blues, Maybe, As Good As You've Been to This World, Little Girl Blue, Try (Just a Little Bit Harder), To Love Somebody, One Good Man, Work Me Lord. The Kinks, Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) (album #7) (Oct. 10); incl. Victoria, Shangri-La, Mr. Churchill Says. Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, Friendship Train. Alan Jay Lerner (1918-86) and Andre Previn (1929-), Coco (musical) (Dec. 18) (Mark Hellinger Theatre, New York) (329 perf.); stars Katharine Hepburn as Coco Chanel after Rosalind Russell bows out because of arthritis. Julie London (1926-2000), Yummy Yummy Yummy (album); incl. Yummy Yummy Yummy. Jon Lord (1941-2012), Concerto for Group and Orchestra; performed at Royal Albert Hall by Deep Purple and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Malcolm Arnold (1921-2006). Love, Four Sail (album #4); incl. August; Out Here (album #5) (Dec.); incl. I'll Pray for You, Abalony. Fleetwood Mac, English Rose (album #2) (Jan.); The Pious Bird of Good Omen (album) (Aug. 15); Then Play On (album #3) (Sept. 9); last with Peter Green; their first rock album. Gian Gian Francesco Malipiero (1882-1973), Gli Eroi di Bonaventura (opera) (Milan). Herbie Mann (1930-2003), Memphis Underground (album). Manfred Mann, Ragamuffin Man (Apr. 18) (last release). Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Soul Shakedown Party (album); incl. Soul Shakedown Party. The Marmalade, Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da (Jan.) (#1 in the U.K.) (1M copies worldwide) (first Scottish group to reach #1 in the U.K.); Baby Make It Soon (by Tony Macaulay) (#9 in the U.K.); Reflections of My Life (#10 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.) (2M copies worldwide); too bad, they begin to slowly break up and reflect about their lives? Peter, Paul and Mary, Peter, Paul and Mommy (album); a children's album, incl. "Puff the Magic Dragon". Marvelettes, In Full Bloom (album). Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Choice of Colors. The Maytals, Sweet and Dandy (album); incl. Sweet and Dandy, Pressure Dro. The MC5, Kick Out the Jams (album) (debut); the Motor City Five, incl. Rob Tyner (Derminer) (1944-91) (vocals), Wayne Kramer (1948-) (guitar), Fred "Sonic" Smith (1949-94) (guitar), Michael Davis (1943-) (bass), Dennis Thompson (drums); incl. Kick Out the Jams (title ends up as a slogan of the 1960s youth rev. even though all they meant was for punks to get off the stage and stop jamming?), Rama Lama Fa Fa Fa, Starship. Melanie (1947-), Affectionately Melanie (album #2); incl. Beautiful People; performed at the Woodstock Festival. Gian Carlo Menotti (1911-2007), Help! Help! The Globolinks! (opera) (Santa Fe, N.M.); Triple Concerto. Olivier Messiaen (1908-92), The Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus Christ (oratorio). Meters, Cissy Strut; Leo Nocentelli (guitar), Zigaboo Modeliste (drums). Steve Miller Band, Brave New World (album #3) (Sept.); incl. Brave New World, Space Cowboy, My Dark Hour (with Paul McCartney) (June); Your Saving Grace (album #4) (Nov.). Little Milton (1934-2005), If Walls Could Talk (album); incl. Grits Ain't Groceries. Joni Mitchell (1943-), Clouds (album #2) (May); incl. Songs to Aging Children Come ("the most remarkably sophisticated chord sequence in all of pop music" - All Music), Both Sides Now, Chelsea Morning. Monkees, Instant Replay (album #7) (Feb. 15); no Peter Tork; The Monkees' Greatest Hits (album #8) (June). Russell Morris (1948-), The Real Thing; Part Three Into Paper Walls. The Move, Curly (July). Anne Murray (1945-), This Way Is My Way (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Snowbird, Thirsty Boots. Os Mutantes, Mutantes (album #2). Anthony Newley (1931-99), The Romantic World of Anthony Newley (album). Thunderclap Newman, Something in the Air (#1 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder from England, incl. Pete Townshend, Kit Lambert, Andy "Thunderclap" Newman et al. The Nice, Nice/Everything as Nice as Mother Makes It (album #3) (Sept.) (#3 in the U.K.); incl. Hang On to a Dream, For Example. Nico (1938-88), The Marble Index (album #2) (May); features her playing the harmonium; incl. Ari's Song, Lawns of Dawns. Three Dog Night, Three Dog Night (album) (debut) (Jan.); named by June Fairchild after an Australian night so cold that the aborigines need three dogs to keep them warm; from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Daniel Anthony "Danny" Hutton (1942-) (vocals), Charles "Chuck" Negron (1942-) (vocals), Cory Wells (Emil Lewandowski) (1942-) (vocals), Michael Rand "Mike" Allsup (1947-) (guitar), Jimmy Greenspoon (1948-) (keyboards), Joe Schermie (1946-2002) (bass), Floyd Sneed (1942-) (drums); incl. One (by Harry Nilsson) (#5 in the U.S.), Nobody, Try a Little Tenderness; Suitable for Framing (album #2) (June); incl. Eli's Coming (by Laura Nyro), Easy to Be Hard (from "Hair"), Celebrate (w/Chicago); Captured Live at the Forum (album #3) (Oct.); incl. Try a Little Tenderness. Harry Nilsson (1941-94), Harry (album #3) (#120 in the U.S.); incl. The Puppy Song (written for Mary Hopkin at Paul McCartney's request); I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City (#34 in the U.S.); written for "Midnight Cowboy", but not used in a filmu until "You've Got Mail" (1998). Laura Nyro (1947-97), New York Tendaberry (album #3) (Sept. 24) (#32 in the U.S.); incl. New York Tendaberry, Time and Love, Save the Country. Phil Ochs (1940-76), Rehearsals for Retirement (album #6) (May 16); cover shows Ochs' tombstone, with the words "Died: Chicago, Illinois, 1968"; incl. Pretty Smart On My Part (about a right-winger who plans to assassinate the U.S. pres., causing a special note to be put in his lengthy FBI file), William Butler Years Visits Lincoln Park and Escapes Unscathed (the 1968 Dem. Convention), The World Began in Eden and Ended in Los Angeles, Doesn't Lenny Live Here Anymore. Oliver (William Oliver Swofford) (1945-2000), Good Morning Starshine; from the 1968 musical "Hair"; Jean; from the 1969 film "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie". Plastic Ono Band, Live Peace in Toronto 1969 (album) (debut) (Dec. 12); Eric Patrick Clapton (1945-) (guitar), Klaus Voorman (1938-) (bass), and Alan White (1949-) (drums); incl. Give Peace a Chance; the Radha Krishna Temple is in the chorus; Cold Turkey (#30 in the U.S., #14 in the U.K.); about Lennon's withdrawal from heroin. Roy Orbison (1936-88), My Friend/ Southbound Jericho Parkway (Apr.). Nam June Paik (1932-2006), TV Bra for Living Sculpture; features convicted nudist cellist Charlotte Moorman performing with two 3-in. TVs attached to her breasts, which are electronically attached to the cello's output. Krzysztof Penderecki (1933-), The Devils of Loudun (opera) (Hamburg) (June). Humble Pie, Natural Born Bugie (July) (debut) (#4 in the U.K.); English supergroup, incl. Stephen Peter "Steve" Marriott (1947-91) of Small Faces (vocals), Peter Frampton (1958-) of The Herd (guitar), Alfred Gregory "Greg Ridley (1942-2003) of Spooky Tooth (bass), and Jerry Shirley (1952-) (drums); As Safe As Yesterday Is (album) (debut) (Aug.); called "heavy metal" by Rolling Stone mag. in 1970; incl. As Safe As Yesterday Is; Town and Country (album #2) (Nov.); incl. The Sad Bag of Shaky Jake. Frijid Pink, House of the Rising Sun (#7 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); from Detroit, Mich., incl. Tom Beaudry (Kelly Green) (vocals), Gary Ray Thompson (guitar), Tom Harris (bass), Larry Zelanka (keyboards), and Richard Stevers (drums). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio (album); Live at Donte's (album); Electric Connection. Elvis Presley (1935-77), Elvis Sings Memories (Mar.); His Hand In Mine/ How Great Thou Art (Apr.); In the Ghetto/ Any Day Now (Apr.) (#3 in the U.S.); From Elvis in Memphis (album) (May); Clean Up Your Own Back Yard/ Fair's Moving On (June); Suspicious Minds/ You'll Think Of Me (Aug. 26); hits #1 on Nov. 1, becoming his first #1 in the U.S. since 1962, and his 17th and last; Don't Cry Daddy/ Rubberneckin' (Nov.); Elvis from Memphis to Vegas/ From Vegas to Memphis (Nov.); His Hand in Mine (album) (Dec.). Billy Preston (1946-2006), That's the Way God Planned It (album #4) (Sept. 26); released on the Apple label; incl. That's the Way God Planned It. Dory Previn (1925-), Come Saturday Morning. The Electric Prunes, Just Good Old Rock and Roll (album #5) (last album) (June); bill as The New Improved Electric Prunes; incl. Love Grows. Gary Puckett (1942-) and the Union Gap, This Girl is a Woman Now. Bubble Puppy, A Gathering of Promises (album) (debut); incl. Beginning, Days of Our Time, Hurry Down. Deep Purple, Deep Purple (album #3) (June); incl. Lalena (by Donovan). Quintessence, In Blissful Company (album) (debut); formed in Apr.; Hindu progressive rock group from Notting Hill, London, incl. Raja Ram (Ronald Rothfield) (1941-); incl. Body, Only Love, In the Forest, Midnight Mode, Vishnu Narayan, Wonders of the Universe. Status Quo, Spare Parts (album #2) (Sept.); last with psychedelic music. Paul Revere and The Raiders, Mr. Sun, Mr. Moon; Let Me. Grand Funk Railroad, On Time (album) (debut) (Aug.) (1M copies); from Flint, Mich. (located on the Grand Trunk Western Railroad), incl. Mark Fredrick Farner (1948-) (guitar), Don Brewer (1948-) (drums), Mel Schacher (1951-) (bass) (formerly of Question Mark & the Mysterians); by next year they becoming the top-selling Am. band; incl. Heartbreaker, Time Machine (#48 in the U.S.), Grand Funk (Red Album) (album #2) (Dec.) incl. Inside Looking Out (by The Animals); Mr. Limousine Driver. The (Young) Rascals, Freedom Suite (album #5) (double album) (Mar. 17); incl. People Got to Be Free; See (album #6) (Dec.). Lou Rawls (1933-2006), Your Good Thing (Is About to End). Otis Redding (1941-67), Love Man (album) (June 20) (posth.); incl. Love Man, Free Me. Steve Reich (1936-), Pendulum Music for Microphones, Amplifiers, Speakers and Performers; based on swinging a microphone like a lasso to produce feedback; debuts on May 27 at the Whitney Museum of Art in New York City, performed by Bruce Nauman, Michael Snow, Richard Serra and James Tenney. Creedence Clearwater Revival, Bayou Country (album #2) (Jan.); incl. Proud Mary, Born on the Bayou, Good Golly Miss Molly, Graveyard Train, Keep on Chooglin'; Green River (album #3) (Aug.); incl. Bad Moon Rising, Green River, Oh Lord, Stuck in Lodi Again; great ad for Lodi, Calif. not?; Willy and the Poor Boys (album #4) (Nov.) (2M copies); incl. Down on the Corner, Fortunate Son (anti-Vietnam War song), Cotton Fields, Midnight Special. Marty Robbins (1925-82), It's a Sin (#5 country). Smokey Robinson (1940-) and the Miracles, Four in Blue (album #14); incl. Baby, Baby Don't Cry. Tommy Roe (1942-), Dizzy; Heather Honey; Jack and Jill. Kenny Rogers (1938-) and the First Edition, The First Edition '69 (album #3); Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town (album #4); incl. Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town (#6 in U.S., #2 in U.K.), Me and Bobby McGee. Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Hand Sown... Home Grown (album) (solo debut) (Mar.); first alternative country record by a female artist. The Grass Roots, Bella Linda; I'd Wait a Million Years; Heaven Knows. Tim Rose (1940-2002), Through Rose Colored Glasses (album #2). Thunder and Roses, King of the Black Sunrise (album) (debut) (last album); from Philly, incl. Chris Bond (vocals, guitar), Tom Schaffer (vocals, bass), and George Emme (drums); incl. White Lace and Strange (later covered by Nirvana), Country Life, Dear Dream Maker. Diana Ross (1944-) and the Supremes, The Way You Do the Things You Do, I Second That Emotion, Someday We'll Be Together (Oct. 14) (findal #1 hit of 1969). Billy Joe Royal (1942-), Cherry Hill Park. Barry Ryan (1948-), The Hunt; Love is Love; sells 1M copies. Black Sabbath, Evil Woman (debut) (Dec. 9); fronted by "the Prince of Darkness", "Godfather of Heavy Metal" John Michael "Ozzy" Osbourne (1948-). Sagittarius, The Blue Marble (album #2) (last album). Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Izipho Zam (album #3) (Jan. 14) (released in 1973); incl. Izipho Zam, Prince of Peace; Karma (album #4); pioneers spiritual jazz, incl. The Creator Has a Master Plan, Colors; Jewels of Thought (album); incl. Hum-Allah-Hum-Allah-Hum-Allah, Sun in Aquarius Parts I and II. Santana, Santana (album) (debut); originally the Santana Blues Band; from San Francisco, Calif.; incl. Carlos Augusto Alves Santana (1947-), Carlos Rolie, Gregg Rolie (keyboards), Bob "Doc" Livingston/Michael Shrieve (drums), Dave Brown (bass), Marcus Malone/Michael Carabello (congas); incl. Evil Ways, Soul Sacrifice (played at Woodstock) - sounds like? Peter Sarstedt (1942-), Peter Sarstedt (album) (debut); English singer born in Delhi, India; incl. Where Do You Go To (My Lovely)?, I Am a Cathedral; Frozen Orange Juice; As Though It Were a Movie (album #2); incl. Take Off Your Clothes. Boz Scaggs (1944-), Boz Scaggs (album #2); recorded after leaving the Steve Miller Band; incl. I'll Be Long Gone. Humphrey Searle (1915-82), Hamlet (opera) (London). Seatrain, Seatrain (album) (debut); formerly the Blues Project, from Marblehead, Mass., incl. Andy Kulbert (bass/flute), Richard Greene (violin), Jim Roberts (vocals), Don Kretmar (sax), John Gregory (guitar, vocals), Roy Blumenfeld (drums). Bob Seger (1945-) and the Bob Seger System, Ramblin' Gamblin' Man (Tales of Lucy Blue) (album) (debut) (Jan.) (#62 in the U.S.); incl. Ramblin' Gamblin' Man (#17 in the U.S.); Noah (album #2) (Sept.); incl. Noah; when the studio tries to showcase Tom Neme instead of him, Seger almost quits, then becomes a 1-hit wonder until "Live Bullet" (1976). Pete Seeger (1919-2014), That Lonesome Valley; about the polluted Hudson River. Quicksilver Messenger Service, Happy Trails (album #2) (Mar.); incl. Who Do You Love? (by Bo Diddley). The Shaggs, Philosophy of the World (album) (debut) (only album); from Fremont, N.H., incl. Dorothy "Dot" Wiggin (vocals/guitar), Betty Wiggin (vocals/guitar), Rachel Wiggin (bass), and Helen Wiggin (drums); Rolling Stone says it sounds like "lobotomized Trapp Family singers", but it influences Kurt Cobain, and Frank Zappa, who calls them "better than the Beatles"; incl. Who Are Parents?, My Cutie, It's Halloween, and My Pal Foot Foot. Sandie Shaw (1947-), Monsieur Dupont; Think It All Over; Heaven Knows I'm Missing Him Now. Dinah Shore (1916-94), Country Feelin' (album). Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-75), Symphony No. 14, Op. 135 (June 21) (Moscow). Nina Simone (1933-2003), Young, Gifted and Black (album). Frank Sinatra (1915-98), A Man Alone: The Words and Music of McKuen (album); incl. My Way w/lyrics by Paul Anka; melody from "Comme d'Habitude" (As Usual) (1967) by Claude "Clo Clo" Francois and Jacques Revaux, and If You Go Away, tr. by Rod McKuen from Jacques Brel's "Ne me quitte pas". Patrick Sky (1943-), Photographs (album #4); incl. Who Am I? Percy Sledge (1941-), Any Day Now (#86 in the U.S.). Joe South (1940-), The Games People Play; Don't It Make You Want to Go Home. Alexander Lee "Skip" Spence (1946-99), Oar (album) (May 19); incl. Grey/Afro; Cripple Creek, War in Peace; his only album, after which he ends up a homeless bum in San Jose, Calif. and doesn't die young, becoming a symbol of the dark side of the 1960s? Buffalo Springfield, The Best of Buffalo Springfield (album). Dusty Springfield (1939-99), Dusty in Memphis (album) (Jan. 13); incl. The Windmills of Your Mind (#31 in the U.S.) (from the 1968 film "The Thomas Crown Affair), Breakfast in Bed. Rod Stewart (1945-), An Old Raincoat Will Never Let You Down (album) (debut); incl. An Old Raincoat Won't Ever Let You Down. Ray Stevens (1939-), Gitarzan (album); sells 1M copies; incl. Gitarzan, Along Came Jones; Have a Little Talk with Myself (album); incl. Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down. written by Kris Kristofferson. Al Stewart (1945-), Love Chronicles (album #2). Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007), Stimmung. Sly and the Family Stone, Stand! (album #4) (May 3); sells 1M copies by Nov. 26, and 3M total; incl. Stand!, Sing a Simple Song, I Want to Take You Higher, Hot Fun in the Summertime; bassist Larry Graham invents the "slap bass technique" which becomes a staple of funk, along with "slapping and popping". Steppenwolf, At Your Birthday Party (album #3) (June); first with bassist Nick St. Nicholas; cover features the charred remnants of Canned Heat's equipment after a fire at their studio in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles, Calif.; incl. Rock Me, Jupiter's Child, It's Never Too Late; Early Steppenwolf (album); Monster (album #4) (Nov.); Larry Byrom replaces Michael Monarch; incl. Monster ("Now we are fighting a war over there/ No matter who's the winner, we can't pay the cost/ 'Cause there's a monster on the loose,/ it's got our heads into the noose/ And it just sits there, watching." The Rolling Stones, Through the Past, Darkly (Big Hits Vol. 2) (album) (Sept. 12); incl. Honky Tonk Women, We Love You; Let It Bleed (album #10) (Dec. 5); cover features a cake baked by English cook Delia "Dee" Smith (1941-); incl. Love in Vain, Let It Bleed, Midnight Rambler, Monkey Man, You Can't Always Get What You Want, You Got the Silver, and Gimme Shelter ("War, children, it's just a shot away... Love, sister, it's just a kiss away"). The Stooges, The Stooges (album) (debut) (Aug. 5) (#106 in the U.S.); Iggy Pop (James Newell "Jim" Osterberg Jr.) (1947-); launches punk rock; incl. 1969 ("Another year with nothing to do"), I Wanna Be Your Dog ("I'm so messed up, I want you here"). Blood, Sweat & Tears, Blood, Sweat & Tears (album #2); beats the Beatles' "Abbey Road" for best album Grammy. The Temptations, Cloud Nine (album); incl. Cloud Nine; Puzzle People (album); incl. I Can't Get Next to You; Psychedelic Shack (Dec. 28). Tammi Terrell (1945-70), Irresistible (album) (solo debut) (only album) (Jan.); incl. Irresistible, I Can't Believe You Love Me, This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You). B.J. Thomas (1942-2021), Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head (album); incl. Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head (from the film "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid"), Just Can't Help Believing, Mighty Clouds of Joy. Mel Tillis (1932-), These Lonely Hands of Mine (#1 country); She'll Be Hanging Around Somewhere (#1 country). Michael Tippett (1905-98), Knot Garden (opera) (London); a remake of Shakespeare's "The Tempest", with disabled freedom fighter Denise, gay queen Dov and his black poet lover Mel, and Mangus the psychotherapist (Prospero). The Box Tops, Soul Deep (June) (#13 in the U.S., #22 in the U.K.); they break up in 1970, and Alex Chilton goes on to fron the powerpop band Big Star then go solo. The Four Tops, Soul Spin (album). Traffic, Last Exit (album #3) (May) (#19 in the U.S.); incl. Feelin' Good, Shanghai Noodle Factory. T.Rex, Unicorn (album #2) (May 16) (#16 in the U.K.); incl. The Seal of Seasons, She Was Born To Be My Unicorn, Stones for Avalon, Iscariot. Jethro Tull, Stand Up (album #2) (Aug. 1) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. A New Day Yesterday, Jeffrey Goes to Leicester Square. Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner (1939-), The Hunter (album); incl. Proud Mary (Jan.) (#2 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.). The Turtles, Turtle Soup (album #5) (last). The Velvet Underground, The Velvet Underground (album #3) (Mar. 12); incl. Candy Says; about transsexual Candy Darling (1944-74); Pale Blue Eyes, After Hours. Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, Idaho; And That Reminds Me (My Heart Reminds Me). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), The Same Old Way; Hideaway. Caetano Veloso (1942-), Caetano Veloso (album) (debut); launches Tropicalia. The Ventures, Underground Fire (album) (Jan.); Hawaii Five-O (album) (May); Swamp Rock (album) (Dec.). Gene Vincent (1935-71), I'm Back and I'm Proud! (album); last attempt at reviving his 1950s career before he dies of a Be-Bop-A-Lula stomach ulcer. Bobby Vinton (1935-), Vinton (album #19) (June); incl. To Know You Is to Love You (#34 in the U.S.), The Days of Sand and Shovels (#34 in the U.S.). The Vogues, Till (album #4); Memories (album #5). Junior Walker (1931-) and the All Stars, What Does It Take (To Win Your Love); These Eyes. Scott Walker (1943-), Big Louise; "She's a haunted house, and her windows are broken." Jennifer Warnes (1947-), See Me, Feel Me, Touch Me, Heal Me (album #2). Dionne Warwick (1940-), This Girl's in Love With You (#7 in the U.S.); I'll Never Fall in Love Again (#6 in the U.S.); We Can Work It Out. Mary Wells (1943-92), Dig the Way I Feel. Tony Joe White (1943-), Polk Salad Annie (#8 in the U.S.); about a salad made from poisonous pokeweed, which must be boiled at least 3x and the water changed each time to be edible. Roger Whittaker (1936-), Durham Town (The Leavin'); his first top-20 hit in the U.K. The Guess Who, These Eyes; lead singer Burton Cummings (1947-). The Who, Tommy (album #4) (May 23) (20M copies); first of two rock operas about "deaf, dumb, and blind boy" Tommy, who becomes a new Messiah; dedicated to Meher Baba; incl. Pinball Wizard, Tommy, Can You Hear Me?, I'm Free; Summertime Blues (performed at Woodstock). Andy Williams (1927-), Happy Heart (album) (#22 in the U.S.); incl. Happy Heart (#22 in the U.S.); Get Together With Andy Williams (album) (#27 in the U.S.). Wind, Make Believe; singer Tony Orlando (1944-). The Winstons, Color Him Father; becomes Fathers Day anthem. Johnny Winter (1944-), Johnny Winter (album #2) (June); Second Winter (album #3) (Oct. 27). Stevie Wonder (1950-), My Cherie Amour (album #11) (Aug. 29); incl. My Cherie Amour; Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday, Light My Fire (by the Doors). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Inspiration (album #4) (Apr. 1) (#19 country) (#189 in the U.S.); Stand By Your Man (album #5) (#2 country) (#43 in the U.S.) (Epic Records); incl. Stand By Your Man (#1 country) (#19 in the U.S.); written in 15 min. with Billy Sherrill; big hit with country fans, but pisses-off feminists bigtime, making her more popular?; meanwhile she marries 3rd hubby George Jones next year, and stands by him until 1975. Tammy's Greatest Hits (album) (Aug.) (#2 country) (#37 in the U.S.) (1M copies); incl. Singing My Song (#1 country) (#75 in the U.S.), The Ways to Love a Man (#1 country) (#81 in the U.S.). Yes, Yes(album) (debut) (July 25); launches progressive rock; from London, incl. John Roy "Jon" Anderson (1944-) (vocals), Peter Banks (Peter William Brockbanks) (1947-2013) (guitar), Christop her Russell Edward "Chris" Squire (1948-2015) (bass), Tony Kaye (1942-) (organ), and William Scott "Bill" Bruford (1949-) (drums). Neil Young (1945-) and Crazy Horse, Everybody Knows This is Nowhere (album) (May 14); Neil Percival Young (1945-) (vocals, guitar), Frank "Pancho" Sampedro (1949-) (guitar), Billy Talbot (bass), Ralph Molina (drums); incl. Cinnamon Girl, Down by the River ("She could take me over the rainbow"), Cowgirl in the Sand (written when he had a 103 F fever). The Youngbloods, Elephant Mountain (album). Flaming Youth, Ark 2 (album) (debut); Phil Collins is the drummer; incl. From Now On; after it flops, the group disbands. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Hot Rats (solo album #2). Frank Zappa (1940-93) and The Mothers of Invention, Mothermania: The Best of the Mothers (album) (Mar.); Uncle Meat (album) (Apr. 21); incl. Uncle Meat. Led Zeppelin, Led Zeppelin (album) (debut) (Jan. 12); Robert Plant (1948-) (vocals), James Patrick "Jimmy" Page (1944-) (guitar), John Paul Jones (John Baldwin) (1946-) (bass), John Henry "Bonzo" Bonham (1948-80) (drums); first of four yearly albums that turn them into rock legends, selling 200M+ albums (112M in the U.S.); Jimmy Page uses a rosewood 1959 Fender Telecaster electric guitar given him in 1966 by Jeff Beck after quitting the Yardbirds; next May fellow rocker Joe Walsh gives him a 1958 Sunburst Gibson Les Paul, which he uses in "Stairway to Heaven"; incl. Good Times Bad Times, Babe I'm Gonna Leave You, and and Dazed and Confused; Led Zeppelin II (album #2) (Oct. 22); incl. What Is and What Should Never Be, Whole Lotta Love (favorite for U.S. soldiers in Vietnam to play in battle), Moby Dick (Pat's Delight) (Over the Top) (hot drum solo). Zephyr, Zephyr (album) (debut); from Boulder, Colo., incl. Tommy Bolin (1951-76) (guitar), John Faris (keyboards), David Givens (bass), Robbie Chamberlain (drums), Candy Givens (vocals); incl. Sail On, St. James Infirmary. Movies: Bo Widerberg's Adalen 31 is about the 1931 Swedish paper mill strikes; it gets an "X" rating in the U.S. Charles Jarrott's Anne of the Thousand Days (Dec. 18) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1948 Maxwell Anderson play, starring Richard Burton as Henry VIII, Genevieve Bujold (first appearance in an English-speaking film) as Anne Boleyn (stealing the show?), miscast Irene Papas as Catherine of Aragon, Anthony Quayle as Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, and William Squire as Sir Thomas More. Jean-Pierre Melville's Army of Shadows (Sept. 12), based on the Joseph Kessel novel about the WWII French Resistance stars Lino Ventura as Philippe Gerbier, Paul Meurisse as Luc Jardie, Jean-Pierre Cassel as Jean Francois Jardie, and Simone Signoret as Mathilde. Elia Kazan's The Arrangement, based on his 1967 novel stars Kirk Douglas (after Marlon Brando turns the part down) as L.A. ad exec Evangelos Arness, who changes his name to WASP-ish Eddie Anderson, and makes out with co-worker Gwen (Faye Dunaway) while cheating on his WASP wife Florence (Deborah Kerr). Guy Hamilton's Battle of Britain (Sept. 15) (United Artists), based on the book "The Narrow Margin" by Derek Wood and Derek Dempster about the defeat of 1940 Nazi Operation Sea Lion stars a list of top British actors incl. Michael Caine, Laurence Olivier, Trevor Howard, Robert Shaw, Michael Redgrave, Ralph Richardson, Susannah York, and Christopher Plummer, who are all eager to look like RAF heroes in expensive spectacular flying sequences, making for a $14M budget. Paul Mazursky's Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice (Jan. 16) stars Natalie Wood, Robert Culp, Elliott Gould, and Dyan Cannon as two Calif. couples who attend a trendy therapy session and get into swinging; one of the top #10 box office hits of the year, Wood gets 10% of the film's profit, allowing her to go into semi-retirement. Nagisa Oshima's Boy is based on the real-life case of a family who use their child to get involved in road accidents in order to make money. Bill Melendez's A Boy Named Charlie Brown (Dec. 4) is the first animated movie based on the Charles M. Schulz characters. George Roy Hill's Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (Oct. 24) (20th Cent. Fox), written by William Goldman stars Paul Newman (Butch) and Robert Redford as Am. Wild West outlaws going on the lam in Bolivia with school teacher Etta Place (Katharine Ross), while the hit song "Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head" plays; Redford has a fistfight with "Lurch" actor Ted Cassidy; #1 grossing film of 1969 ($102.3M box office in the U.S. on a $6M budget). Gene Saks' Cactus Flower (Dec. 16) (Columbia), based on the 1965 play by Abe Burrows stars Walter Matthau as dentist Julian Winston, Ingrid Bergman as his asst. Stephanie Dickinson, and "Laugh-In" star Goldie Jeanne Hawn (1945-) as his girlfriend, making her a star; does $26M box office on a $3M budget. Sydney Pollack's Castle Keep (July 23) (Filmways), based on the 1965 William Eastlake novel about eight U.S. soldiers deciding to save artwork-filled Maldorais Castle in Belgium (filmed in Novi Sad, Serbia in a castle made of styrofoam) during the 1942 Battle of the Bulge stars eyepatch-wearing Burt Lancaster as Maj. Abraham Falconer, Patrick O'Neal as art expert Capt. Lionel Beckman, Jean-Pierre Aumont as the Count, and Peter Falk as Sgt. Rossi; Al Freeman Jr. plays African-Am. Pvt. Allistair Piersall Benjamin; Caterina Boratto plays local madame the Red Queen; "Firmly pro and anti-war". William A. Graham's Change of Habit (Nov. 10) is the last feature film (#31) of Elvis Presley (1935-77), and stars Mary Tyler Moore, Barbara McNair, and Jane Elliott as Roman Catholic novitiates Sister Michelle Gallagher, Sister Irene, and Sister Barbara, who work in disguise at a ghetto clinic with young Dr. John Carpenter swivel-hips to learn about the world before becoming nuns; also stars Edward Asner as Lt. Moretti; features the song "Rubberneckin'. Carl Reiner's The Comic stars Dick Van Dyke as Billy Bright, a silent screen comedian whose ego destroys his career. Masahiro Shinoda's Double Suicide, based on a play by Monzarmon Chikamatsu stars Kachiemon Nakamura as an 18th cent. Japanese salesman who falls in love with geisha Shira Iwashita and ruins himself and his family over her. Michael Ritchie's Downhill Racer (Nov. 16), based on the novel by Oakley Hall stars Robert Redford as cocky ski racer David Chappellet from Idaho Springs, Colo. (a cross between Spider Sabich and Billy Kidd), and Gene Hackman as his U.S. Ski Team coach Eugene Claire; Ritchie's dir. debut (the guy who buys Marilyn Monroe's suicide cottage in 1994); no real U.S. skier wins the men's Olympic downhill gold until Bill Johnson in Sarajevo in 1984. Daniel Mann's A Dream of Kings (Dec. 15) starring Anthony Quinn is the last film appearance of Swedish-born blonde actress Inger Stevens (1934-70) before committing suicide next Apr. 30 at age 36 and letting her little secret of a black hubby (since 1961), NFL football player, actor, and producer Isaac Lolette "Ike" Jones (1929-) (first black grad from UCLA Film School in 1952) leak out of a bottle; she attempted suicide in 1959 when Bing Crosby dumped her, followed by Anthony Quinn, Dean Martin, Clint Eastwood, Harry Belafonte, Mario Lanza, and shortly before her suicide, Burt Reynolds - going my way? Dennis Hopper's Easy Rider (July 14) (Raybert Productions) (Columbia Pictures), written by Hopper, Fonda, and Terry Southern and made for $360K-$400K stars Dennis Lee Hopper (1936-2010) as hippie Billy (dressed in buckskin with a bushman hat), and Peter Henry Fonda (1940-2019) (son of Henry Fonda) as hippie Wyatt "Captain America" (dressed in U.S. flag-draped leather) (based on David Crosby and Roger McGuinn of The Byrds), who smuggle coke from Mexico to LA, sell it to the Rolls-Royce-riding Connection (Phil Spector), then stuff the money in the fuel tank of their Harley and head east for the New Orleans Mardi Gras, meeting up with alcoholic lawyer Jack Nicholson, who turns down marijuana because "It leads to harder stuff" and "I don't want to get hooked", then changes his mind, and is later killed by crackers with a machete; after reaching New Orleans, they shack up with hos Karen (Karen Black) and Mary (Toni Basil), and have a bad LSD trip in a cemetery before getting bushwacked by two rednecks in a pickup truck, who kill them with a shotgun before they can reach their long-awaited retirement in Fla.; the Holy Model Rarities play in the film, incl. drummer Sam Shepard; Dan "Grizzly Adams" Haggerty builds the tricked-up motorcycles for it; "You know, Billy, we blew it"; "This used to be a fine country - what went wrong?" (Nicholson); #4 grossing film of 1969 ($41.7M). Arthur Rankin Jr.'s and Jules Bass' Frosty the Snowman debuts on CBS-TV on Dec. 7, based on the song, featuring the voices of Jimmy Durante (final film performance) as the narrator, Billy De Wolfe as Prof. Hinkle the Magician, and Jackie Vernon as Frosty; artwork is buy greeting card and Mad mag. artist Paul Coker Jr. Norman Jewison's Gaily, Gaily (Chicago, Chicago), based on the autobio. novel by Ben Hecht stars Beau Bridges as young innocent Ben Harvey, who runs away to 1910 Chicago, where he hooks up with madame Lil (Melina Mercouri) and makes friends with ho Adeline (Margot Kidder in her screen debut) while getting a job with a newspaper and tracking down corrupt politician Sullivan (Brian Keith). Robert Bresson's A Gentle Woman (Une Femme Douce), based on the Dostoeveky short stories stars Dominique Sanda as a young woman married to rich pawnbroker Guy Frangin who commits suicide after finding that money isn't everything; Bresson's first color film. Larry Peerce's Goodbye, Columbus, based on the 1959 Philip Roth novel stars Richard Benjamin as army vet library clerk Neil Klugman, who falls in love with wealthy Radcliffe student Brenda Patimkin (Ali MacGraw), and prove to be mismatched; Natalie Wood turns down the role. Richard Brooks' The Happy Ending stars Brooks' wife Jean Simmons as Mary, who dumps atty. hubby Fred Wilson (John Forsythe) to go on a childhood fantasy binge in the Bahamas with friend Shirley Jones; also stars Lloyd Bridges, Tina Louise, Nanette Fabray, and Bobby Darin; "If right now we were not married, we were free, would you marry me again?" Gene Kelly's Hello, Dolly! (Dec. 16) (made for $25M), written by Ernest Lehman based on the musical stars Barbra Streisand as matchmaker Dolly Levi, who tries to marry "well-known unmarried half-a-millionaire" Horace Vandergelder (Walter Matthau) via bunch of manipulations involving his two clerks, a pretty milliner and her asst. Norman Panama's How to Commit Marriage stars Bob Hope and Jackie Gleason in their only film together; Jane Wyman's last big screen apperance; film debut of Tim Matheson; features the Comfortable Chair performing "A Child's Garden". Jack Smight's The Illustrated Man (Mar. 26), based on the 1951 book by Ray Bradbury about a man whose tattoos each have a story stars Rod Steiger as Carl and Claire Bloom as Felicia. Kenneth Anger's Invocation of My Demon Brother is a 11-min. film featuring a Satnic funeral ceremony for a pet cat and Mick Jagger playing a Moog Synthesizer, filmed at the Straight Theater in San Francisco, Calif. Karel Reisz's Isadora (Aug. 22) stars Vanessa Redgrave as 1920s free-loving dancer Isadora Duncan; "Honestly, I don't walk to talk about red pencils with Essenin. I want to talk to him about making love with me." Peter Collinson's The Italian Job (June 2) (Paramount Pictures) stars Michael Caine as mobster Charlie Croker, and Noel Coward as Mr. Bridger, who plans a $4M gold heist in 1968 Turin using computer programmer Prof. Peach (Benny Hill), who can change the color of traffic lights so that the robbers can make their getaway in absurdly overloaded front wheel drive British Minis (which are always having trouble with their differentials?), easily outrunning police Alfa Romeos in the traffic jam; Caine utters the soundbyte "You're only supposed to blow the bloody doors off!"; soundtrack by Quincy Jones incl. "Getta Bloomin' Move On (The Self-Preservation Society)" and "On Days Like These"; remade in 2003. George Cukor's Justine (Aug. 6), a melodromatic condensed vers. of Lawrence Durrell's "The Alexandria Quartet" stars Anouk Aimee as a ho who marries an Egyptian banker and tries to arm Palestinian Jews during WWII. Ken Loach's Kes (Nov. 14) (Woodfall Film Productions) (United Artists), produced by Tony Garnett, based on the 1968 novel "A Kestrel for a Knave" by Barry Hines stars David Bradley as bullied teenie Billy Casper, who raises a kestrel and comes to grief. Frank Perry's Last Summer, based on a novel by Evan Hunter stars 22-y.-o. Barbara Hershey, 18-y.-o. Richard Thomas, and Bruce Davison as teenies enjoying a sexually-awakening fantasy summer vacation on white sand Fire Island, N.Y., until homely teen Cathy Burns butts in. Gordon Parks' The Learning Tree, based on his 1963 autobio. novel is the first major film dir. by an African-Am.? Karel Reisz's The Loves of Isadora stars Vanessa Redgrave as Isadora Duncan, who does it with Jason Robards and James Fox. J. Lee Thompson's MacKenna's Gold (May 10), based on the Heck Allen novel stars Gregory Prick, er, Peck and Omar Sharif as desperadoes trekking through Apache country searching for poon, er, gold, and watching Catwoman (Julie Newmar) swim nude before and/or after an earthquake. Joseph McGrath's The Magic Christian (Dec. 12), based on the Terry Southern novel stars Peter Sellers as a rich man, and Ringo Starr as his son, who try to prove that anybody can be bought; features Badfinger performing Paul McCartney's "Come and Get It", which becomes a hit in 1970. Haskell Wexler's Medium Cool stars Robert Forster as an apathetic TV news cameraman who gets involved with Appalachian woman Verna Bloom and son Peter Bonerz, then gets caught up in the violence of the 1968 Chicago Dem. Convention; one of the first major studio films with male frontal nudity. John Sturges' Marooned (Nov. 10) stars Richard Crenna, Gene Hackman, and James Franciscus as NASA astronauts Jim Pruett, Buzz Lloyd, and Clayton "Stoney" Stone, who man the first experimental space station, then have trouble returning to Earth on Ironman One; Gregory Peck plays NASA dir. Charles Keith. John Schlesinger's X-rated Midnight Cowboy (May 25) (United Artists), written by formerly blacklisted screenwriter Morton Salt, er, Waldo Miller Salt (1914-87) based on the 1965 novel by James Leo Herlihy (1927-93) stars Jonathan Vincent "Jon" Voight (1938-) as Tex. dishwasher Joe Buck, who dresses up as a cowboy, heads for New York City on a bus, and tries to hustle his flowing angelic jolly milk machine to lonely rich women, but ends up selling it to deadbeat teenie homos like Bob Balaban in theaters while sliding ever lower into the depths of the Big Apple with seedy crippled derelict Enrico "Ratso" Rizzo, played a little too well by Dustin Hoffman; Brenda Vaccaro plays his best $20 customer Shirley; first X-rated film to receive a best picture Oscar (until ?); #3 grossing film of 1969 ($44.8M box office on a $3.2M budget). Luis Bunuel's The Milky Way stars Paul Frankens and Laret Terzieff, who travel on the ancient Catholic pilgrimage road to Santiago de Compostela in Spain and meet embodiments of various Catholic heresies along the way. Boris Sagal's, Steven Spielberg's, and Barry Shear's Night Gallery (Nov. 8) is Spielberg's first film, a made-for-TV pilot for the 1969-1973 NBC-TV series, consisting of three stories, incl. #2 "Eyes", in which Spielberg directs Joan Crawford; Boris Sagal and Boris Shear direct the other two stories; "Good evening, and welcome to a private showing of three paintings, displayed here for the first time. Each is a collector's item in its own way—not because of any special artistic quality, but because each captures on a canvas, suspends in time and space, a frozen moment of a nightmare. Our initial offering: a small gothic item in blacks and grays, a piece of the past known as the family crypt. This one we call, simply, 'The Cemetery.' Offered to you now, six feet of earth and all that it contains. Ladies and gentlemen, this is the Night Gallery"; becomes the pilot for the Night Gallery NBC-TV series, which runs for 43 episodes (until May 27, 1973). Richard Attenborough's Oh! What a Lovely War (Mar. 10) (Paramount Pictures), produced and written by Len Deighton based on the 1961 radio play "The Long Long Trail" by Charles Chilton is Attenborough's dir. debut, revisiting WWI via popular songs of the day via the Smith family at the West Pier in Brighton (after the Beatles try and fail to get the parts), with red poppies used to depict impending death; Vanessa Redgrave plays Sylvia Pankhurst; Ian Holm plays French pres. Poincare; Kenneth More plays Kaiser Wilhelm II; Laurence Olivier plays Gen. Sir John French; John Mills plays Gen. Sir John Haig; Maggie Smith plays a music hall star. Peter R. Hunt's On Her Majesty's Secret Service (Dec. 18) (Eon Productions) (United Artists) (James Bond 007 film #6), based on the 1963 Ian Fleming novel shocks millions by swapping unknown English-ski-instructor-looking model (really an Australian auto mechanic who punched the stunt coordinator during an audition, impressing Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli) George Robert Lazenby (1939-) for rugged handsome everyone-knows-he's-Scottish Sean Connery, who quit after five films, fearing becoming typecast, after which Timothy Dalton turns it down believing he's too young for the role, and Roger Moore is unable to leave the TV show "The Saint"; Diana Rigg stars as the love interest Countess Tracy di Vicenzo, who gets the ring on her finger long enough to croak; Telly Savalas plays bad guy Ernst Blofeld, head of SPECTRE, who tries to blackmail the world to get amnesty for his crimes and be recognized as Comte Balthazar de Bleuchamp; Louis Armstrong sings "We Have All the Time in the World"; does $82M box office on a $7M budget; too bad, Lazenby's agent Ronan O'Rahilly convinces him to walk out of a 7-movie contract because 007 was becoming archaic in the liberated 1970s, which works out well when critics pan his performance, causing any failed acting replacement to become known as "the George Lazenby of". Joshua Logan's Paint Your Wagon (Oct. 15) (Paramount Pictures), a Western musical based on the Lerner-Loewe musical stars singing Lee Marvin and singing Clint Eastwood, who share Mormon wife Jean Seberg, whose singing is dubbed; does $31.7M box office on a $20M budget; features the songs They Call the Wind Maria, and I Was Born Under a Wandering Star. Andrew De Toth's Play Dirty (Jan. 1) (United Artists), set in North Africa in WWII based on the real-life exploits of the British Long Range Desert Group, Popski's Private Army, and the SAS stars Michael Caine as Pvt. Caine, Nigel Green as Col. Masters (based on Vladimor "Popski" Peniakoff), and Nigel Davenport as Capt. Cyril Leech, who go on a mission to destroy an Afrika Korps fuel depot. Ronald Neame's The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (Feb. 24) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1961 Muriel Sparks novel stars Maggie Smith as a freethinking tenured teacher in the Marcia Blaine School for Edinburgh in the 1930s who toys with fascism, and dotes on the Brodie Set incl. Sandy (Pamela Franklin), Monica (Shirley Steedman), Jenny (Diane Grayson), and Mary (Jane Carr) while pissing-off headmistress Emmeline Mackay (Celia Johnson); the theme song Jean by Rod McKuen is a hit, and is also used in the 1969 film "Oliver"; "Little girls, I am in the business of putting old heads on young shoulders, and all my pupils are the crème de la crème. Give me a girl at an impressionable age, and she is mine for life." Mikhail Kalatozov's The Red Tent stars Sean Connery, Claudia Cardinale, and Hardy Kruger in a tale about survivors of a zeppelin crash in the Arctic; Kalatozov's last feature. Mark Rydell's The Reivers (Dec. 25), based on William Faulkner's last novel stars Steve McQueen, Rupert Crosse, Will Geer, Sharon Farrell, and Michael Constantine in a picaresque tale about a young boy and two men stealing a car in small town Miss. and heading for the big city of Memphis, Tenn. Federico Fellini's Satyricon (Sept. 3), based on the 1st cent. C.E. novel by Gaius Petronius about the bi lifestyle during Nero's reign stars Capucine and some jocks, incl. Max Born as catamite Gitone, Martin Potter as Encolpio, Hiram Keller as Ascilto, Salvo Randone as Eumolpo, and Mario Romagnoli as Trimalcione. Marcel Ophuls' The Sorrow and the Pity (Le Chagrin et la Pitie) is a documentary about the French WWII Vichy regime, touching off a firestorm of controversy. Alan J. Pakula's The Sterile Cuckoo (Oct. 22), based on the 1965 John Nichols novel about a first love among students in upstate N.Y. stars Liza Minnelli as Mary Ann "Pookie" Adams, and Wendell Burton as Jerry Payne, who decides to live in her world of weirdos; the Sandpipers sing the theme song Come Saturday Morning. Burt Kennedy's Support Your Local Sheriff (Mar. 26) stars James Garner as a stranger who stumbles into a gold rush town and is made sheriff, going on to spoof every Western cliche. Sydney Pollack's They Shoot Horses, Don't They?, based on the 1935 Horace McCoy novel stars Jane Fonda and Michael Sarrazin as Depression Era marathon dance contestants sleeping on their feet, and Gig Young as emcee Rocky. Claude Sautet's The Things of Life (Les Choses de la Vie) stars Romy Schneider as a man who gets in an auto crash and must reevaluate his life with wife Michel Piccoli. Claude Chabrol's This Man Must Die (Que la Bete Meure) (Sept. 5), based on the Nicholas Blake novel stars Jean Yanne, Michael Duchaussoy, and Caroline Cellier. Alfred Hitchcock's Topaz (Dec. 19), based on the 1967 Leon Uris novel stars John Forsythe as a CIA agent who teams up with the French to uncover info. about a French spy ring passing NATO secrets to the Russians. Henry Hathaway's True Grit (June 11) (Paramount Pictures), written by Marguerite Roberts based on the 1968 Charles Portis novel and filmed in Ridgway, Colo. stars John Wayne as cranky alcoholic U.S. deputy marshal Reuben J. "Rooster" Cogburn, and Kim Darby as 14-y.-o. ingenue Mattie Ross of Dardanelle, Yell County, Ark., who hires him to find her daddy's killer Tom Chaney (Jeff Corey), telling him "They tell me you are a man with true grit"; after a trek joined by Texas Ranger La Boef (Glen Campbell) (after Elvis turned down the part because they wouldn't give him top billing), she finds, shoots and wounds him in Indian Territory (Okla.), is taken prisoner by the Pepper Gang, led by Lucky Ned Pepper (Robert Duvall), and Cogburn takes them on single-handed in the movie's climax: when John Wayne notices his stuntman having a better saddle than he has, he orders a custom one from Colo. Saddelry in Denver; "I call that bold talk for a one-eyed fat man" (Ned Pepper); "Fill your hand, you son of a bitch!" (Cogburn); spawns 1975 sequel "Rooster Cogburn"; refilmed in 2010 by the Coen Brothers. Andrew V. McLaglen's The Undefeated (Nov. 27) stars John Wayne as Union Col. John Henry Thomas, and Rock Hudson as Confed. Col. James Langdon, who team up after the Civil War in Mexico bringing 3K head of cattle, and get in a tangle with Mexican repub. Gen. Rojas (Antonio Aguilar); meanwhile Thomas' adopted son Blue Boy (Roman Gabriel) and Langdon's daughter Charlotte (Melissa Newman) fall in love. Claude Chabrol's The Unfaithful Wife (La Femme Infidele) (Nov. 10) stars Michel Bouquet as Charles Desvallees, who hires a private eye to follow his cheating wife Helene (Stephane Audran); remade in 2002 by Adrian Lyne starring Diane Lane. Sam Peckinpah's The Wild Bunch (June 18) (Warner Bros.), written by Walon Green and Roy N. Sickner stars William Holden, Robert Ryan, Ernest Borgnine, Warren Oats, Strother Martin et al. in a Western masterpiece (greatest of all time?) about aging outlaws with a sense of justice on a final rampage against time itself, using lyrical slo-mo ballet-like photography of violence; does $11.1M box office on a $6M budget. Ken Russell's Women in Love (Sept.) (United Artists), based on the 1920 D.H. Lawrence novel about the British elite of 1920 in the mining town of Beldover, Midlands stars Alan Bates as school inspector Rupert Birkin, Oliver Reed as wealthy mine owner's son Gerald Crich, Glenda Jackson as artist Gudrun Brangwen, and Lennie Linden as school teacher Ursula Brangwen; Master, er, Sir Bates and Reed have a gay nude wrestling scene a la the ancient Greeks (Japanese?); Jackson becomes the first to win a best actress Oscar for a role with a nude scene; one of the first major studio films with frontal nudity; does $1.2M U.S./Canada and $4.5M worldwide on a $1.6M budget - what's in your wallet? Constantin Costa-Gravas's Z stars Yves Montand and Irene Papas in a political thriller about Greece. Plays: Edward Albee (1928-2016), Box and Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (Box-Mao-Box) (two 1-act plays). Woody Allen (1935-), Play It Again, Sam (Broadhurst Theatre, New York) (Feb. 12) (453 perf.); stars Woody Allen in his 2nd Broadway play as recently divorced film mag. writer Allan Felix, who falls for Linda (Diane Keaton), wife of his best friend Dick Christie (Tony Roberts), while getting advice from the ghost of Humphrey Bogart (Jerry Lacy); filmed in 1972. Jean Anouilh (1910-87), Cher Antoine ou l'Amour Rate (Dear Antoine, or The Love That Failed). Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Four Black Revolutionary Plays. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Breath. Howard Brenton (1942-), Christie in Love (Royal Court Theatre, London) (debut); Gum and Goo; Revenge (Royal Court Theatre, London). Ed Bullins (1935-), Goin' a Buffalo (New York); written in 1966; a group of ex-cons and hookers plans one final drug deal before jumping bail in Los Angeles and attempting to start over in Buffalo. Emilio Carballido (1925-2008), Acapulco los Lunes. David Caute (1936-), The Demonstration (Nottingham Playhouse). Aime Cesaire (1913-2008), Une Tempete; adaptation of Shakespeare's "The Tempest". Alice Childress (1920-94), Wine in the Wilderness; artist Bill Jameson does a triptych during a race riot in Harlem; String. Lonne Elder III (1927-1996), Ceremonies in Dark Old Men (Feb. 4) (St. Marks Playhouse, New York) (first play); a black Harlem barber and his family cope with racism. Jules Feiffer (1929-), The White House Murder Case; the U.S. goes to war with Brazil, and the dove First Lady is murdered by a cabinet member. Dario Fo (1926-), Mistero Buffo (Comic Mystery) (5K perf.); The Worker Knows 300 Words, the Boss 1000, That's Why He's the Boss. Athol Fugard (1932-), Boesman and Lena (July 10) (Grahamstown). Leonard Gershe (1922-2002), Butterflies Are Free (Booth Theatre, New York) (Oct. 21) (1,128 perf.); title taken from Charles Dickens' "Bleak House": "I only ask to be free. The butterflies are free. Manking will surely not deny to Harold Skimpole what it concedes to the butterflies"; stars Keir Dullea as blind Manhattan atty. Don Baker (based on Harold Krents), who hooks up with free-spirited hippie Jill Tanner (Blythe Danner), pissing-off his domineering mother Mrs. Baker (Eileen Heckart); filmed in 1972 starring Edward Albert and Goldie Hawn. Charles Gordone (1925-95), No Place to Be Somebody (Public Theatre, New York) (Pulitzer Prize); first off-Broadway play to win a Pulitzer, and the first by a black playwright; a black bar owner's losing struggle against the Mafia. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Dutch Uncle (Aldwych Theatre, London). Peter Handke (1942-), The Ward Wants to be Warden; My Foot My Tutor (Frankfurt Theater) (Jan.); the chars. say nothing for the entire performance; The Ride Across Lake Constance (Berlin). Lorraine Hansberry (1930-65), To Be Young, Gifted, and Black (Cherry Lane Theater, New York) (Jan. 2); stars Cicely Tyson and Barbara Baxley; a dramatic collection of her unfinished works adapted by ex-hubby Robert Nemiroff. Jack Hibberd (1940-), Dimboola (La Mama, Melbourne); dir. by Graeme Blundell. George Hulme, The Lionel Touch. Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), A Beast's Story; Boats; Sun. Thomas Kilroy (1934-), The O'Neill (Peacock Theatre, Dublin). Felicien Marceau (1913-), Le Babour. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), The Crescent Moon (Adventures of Tametomo) (Strange Theory of a Paper Lantern's Appearance). Joe Orton (1933-67), What the Butler Saw (posth.) (Mar. 5) (Queen's Theatre, London); stars Ralph Richardson. Robert Patrick (1937-), Joyce Dynel; Salvation Army; Fog; Camera Obscura. Neil Simon (1927-2018), Last of the Red Hot Lovers (comedy) (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Dec. 28) (706 perf.); dir. by Robert Moore; stars James Coco as married middle-aged Jew Barney Cashman, who tries to join the sexual rev. by unsuccessfully chasing three women, incl. Elaine Navazio (Linda Lavin), Bobbi Michele (Marcia Rodd), and Jeannette Fisher (Doris Roberts); filmed in 1972 by Gene Saks, starring Alan Arkin as Barney, Sally Kellerman as Elaine, Paula Prentiss as Bobbi, and Renee Taylor as Jeannette. Ronald Ribman (1932-), Passing Through from Exotic Places (Sheridan Square Playhouse, New York). Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), The Love-Girl and the Innocent (The Prisoner and the Camp Hooker) (The Tenderfoot and the Tart). Peter Stone (1930-2003) and Sherman Edwards (1919-81), 1776 (musical) (46th Street Theatre, New York) (Mar. 16) (1,217 perf.); stars Howard Da Silva as Benjamin Franklin (1706-90), William Daniels as John Adams (1735-1826), Ken Howard as Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), and Virginia Vestoff as Abigail Adams (1744-1818); John Adams's struggle to convince his colleagues to vote for independence and sign the DOI; a cerebral struggle ending in a compromise on slavery becomes a great entertainment for the college crowd?; beats "Hair" for best musical of 1969; filmed in 1972. David Storey (1933-), In Celebration; The Contractor (Oct. 20) (Royal Court Theatre, London). Kenneth Peacock Tynan (1927-80), Oh! Calcutta! (musical) (June 17) (Eden Theater, New York) (1,314 perf.); title taken from a 1946 painting by French artist Clovis Trouille (1889-1975) titled "Oh! Calcutta, Calcutta!", a pun on "O quel cul t'as" (Oh what an ass you have); erotic avant-garde theatrical revue about every conceivable erotic fantasy of Western man, with musical lyrics by the Open Door, featuring contributions by Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Jules Feiffer (1929-), Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-), Dan Greenberg, John Lennon (1940-80), Sam Shepard (1943-) et al.; full nudity and blatant sexual content prompt a nat. shaken-and-restirred master debate on censorship; in 1970 the Dave Pell Singers release Oh, Calcutta; in June 1972 the film Oh! Calcutta is released; runs 610 perf., then is revived next year in West End, London (3.9K perf.), and revived again on Broadway on Sept. 24, 1976- Aug. 6, 1989 (5,959 perf.), becoming the 2nd longest-running musical in Broadway history (7th longest by 2012). Tennessee Williams (1911-83), In the Bar of a Tokyo Hotel (New York); alcoholic painter collapses and dies, leaving his nympho wife Miriam, who cries "I have no plans. I have nowhere to go"; taken by critics as an autobio. work. Robert Wilson (1941-), The King of Spain; The Life and Times of Sigmund Freud (Brooklyn Academy of Music). Sandy Wilson (1924-), As Dorothy Parker Once Said (musical). Poetry: Louis Aragon (1897-1982), Les Chambres - Poeme du Temps qui ne Passe Pas. W.H. Auden (1907-73), Secondary Worlds; City Without Walls and Other Poems; incl. The Horatians, about the need to look at the world with a happy eye but a sober perspective. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Black Magic: Collected Poetry 1961-1967. John Berryman (1914-72), The Dream Songs; complete set of 385 on Henry. Earle Birney (1904-95), Pnomes Jukollages and Other Stunzas; The Poems of Earle Birney. Paul Blackburn (1926-71), Two New Poems. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), Elogio de la Sombra; El Otro, El Mismo. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), The Pill Versus the Springhill Mine Disaster; "When you take your pill/ It's like a mine disaster./ I think of all the people/ lost inside of you." William Bronk (1918-99), The Empty Hands. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000), Riot; about the 1968 Chicago riots and the assassination of MLK Jr.; first in a series on black pride using ordinary language (1969-75), pub. by Dudley Randall's Broadside Press. Lucille Clifton (1935-), Good Times. Gregory Corso (1930-2001), Elegiac Feelings American; elegy for his friend Jack Kerouac; "O and yet when it's asked of you/ 'What happened to him?'/ I say, 'What happened to America/ has happened/ to him as the two were/ inseparable'/ Like the wind/ to the sky is the voice to the wind". Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Pieces (June); "Could write of fucking--/ rather its instant or the slow/ longing at times of its approach--/ how the young man desires/ how, older, it is never known/ but, familiar, comes to be so"; America; "America, you ode for reality!/ Give back the people you took"; Hero; Mazatlan: Sea; The Finger: Poems 1966-1969. Edward Dorn (1922-99), The Cosmology of Finding Your Spot; Twenty-Four Love Songs. Gunnar Ekelof (1907-68), Partitur (Partiture) (posth). T.S. Eliot (1888-1965), The Waste Land: A Casebook (posth.); facsimile of the original drafts showing the rigorous editing by his friend Ezra Pound for the original 1922 pub. William Everson (1912-94), The City Does Not Die; The Last Crusade. Lawrence Ferlinghetti (1919-), The Secret Meaning of Things; incl. Assassination Raga, on the death of the Kennedys. Robert Frost (1874-1963), The Poetry of Robert Frost: Collected Poems (posth.). Paul Goodman (1911-72), The Open Look; photos by Stefan Congrat-Butlar. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Poems About Love; Love Respelt Again; Beyond Giving. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), The Alligator Bride. Peter Handke (1942-), The Inner World of the Outer World of the Inner World; Deutsche Gedichte; Prose, Poems, Plays, Radio Plays, Essays. . Seamus Heaney (1939-), A Lough Neagh Sequence; Door into the Dark; incl. Night Drive; "The smell of ordinariness/ Were new on the night drive through France." Richard Howard (1929-), Untitled Subjects (Pulitzer Prize); 15 dramatic monologues with 19th cent. artists (real and imagined), causing him to be called Robert Browning's successor and go into the dramatic monologue biz? Denis Johnson (1949-), The Man Amongst the Seals (debut). Bill Knott (1940-), Aurealism: A Study; "All words beginning with AU/ or containing the AU sound are more intrinsically poetic than others./ The AU sound in any word is the heart of that word./ AU is of course an infant's first sound, and an ancient's last." Ted Kooser (1939-), Official Entry Blank (debut). Irving Layton (1912-2006), Selected Poems; The Whole Bloody Bird. Denise Levertov (1923-97), At the Justice Department, Nov. 15, 1969. Robert Lowell (1917-77), Notebook, 1967-1968; expanded ed. pub. 1970. Phyllis McGinley (1905-78), Wonders and Surprises. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), In Someone's Shadow; With Love...; Twelve Years of Christmas; And Autumn Came (Rev. Ed.). James Merrill (1926-95), Fire Screen; incl. "The Summer People," "Matinees". Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), City Without a Name. Jim Morrison (1943-71), The Lords and The New Creatures/ Notes on Vision (debut). Eugenio Montale (1896-1981), Fuori di Casa. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Poems and Problems; poetic meaning in chess problems? Michael Ondaatje (1943-), The Man with Seven Toes. George Oppen (1908-84), Alpine: Poems. Robert Pack (1929-), Home from the Cemetery; incl. "The Last Will and Testament of Art Evergreen". Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), Leaflets; student unrest and racial violence yes, but life is still worthwhile if you just smile? Sonia Sanchez (1934-), Homecoming (debut). James Marcus Schuyler (1923-91), Freely Espousing (debut). Anne Sexton (1928-74), 45 Mercy Street; about sexual molestation of a child by relatives, based on her claims dddof her own childhood. Love Poems; incl. extramarital affairs and lez relationships; sells 14K copies in 18 mo. Charles Simic (1938-), Somewhere Among Us a Stone is Taking Notes. Gary Snyder (1930-), Earth House Hold; makes him an ecology cult figure. Henry S. Taylor (1942-),Breakings. John Updike (1932-2009), Midpoint and Other Poems; "Textbooks & Heaven only are Ideal/ Solidity is an imperfect state". David Wagoner (1926-), New and Selected Poems. John B. Wain (1925-94), Letters to Five Artists. Derek Walcott (1930-), The Gulf and Other Poems. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Audubon: A Vision; John James Audubon. Richard Wilbur (1921-2017), Walking to Sleep: New Poems and Translations; incl. "The Lilacs", "Playboy", "Running". C.K. Williams (1936-), Lies; incl. A Day for Anne Frank (1968); "the Fellini of the written word" (Anne Sexton). Al Young (1939-), Geography of the Near Past. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), Catullus; The Gas Age. Novels: Catherine Aird (1930-), The Complete Steel; Detective Inspector Sloan. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Barefoot in the Head; Super-Toys Last All Summer Long (short story); filmed in 2001 as "A.I. Artificial Intelligence". Jorge Amado (1912-2001), Tent of Miracles; becomes the first major writer to praise Brazil's African heritage. Eric Ambler (1909-98), The Intercom (Quiet) Conspiracy. Piers Anthony (1934-), Macroscope; the 21st cent. invention that analyzes info. carried on macrons, giving humanity unlimited info. about the Universe, endangering the very essence of people's minds; Hasan; the days of Sinbad. Hubert Aquin (1929-77), The Antiphonary (L'Antiphonaire). William H. Armstrong (1911-99), Sounder; the black sharecropper Morgan family in Depression era La.; despite winning a Newberry Medal next year, it pisses-off the fledgling PC police with the idea of a white honky writing about the African-Am. experience? Penelope Ashe (Mike McGrady), Naked Came the Stranger; a male Newsday columnist assembles 24 other journalists to parody the works of Jacqueline Susann and Harold Robbins based on an "unremitting emphasis on sex", using his sister-in-law for photos and meetings with publishers; reaches #4 on the New York Times bestseller list - I bet you worked your way through college selling magazines? Margaret Atwood (1939-), The Edible Woman (first novel); written in 1965; Marian McAlpin of Toronto has an affair with English grad student Duncan, gets engaged to her roommate Ainsley Tewce's beau Peter Wollander, and becomes unable to eat as she rejects the traditional female role, finally making an edible pink woman cake to get over him; makes Atwood a hit with lez, er, feminists. Richard Bach (1936-), Nothing By Chance; a magical summer spent as a barnstormer flying a biplane. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Atrocity Exhibition (Love and Napalm: Export USA) (short stories); kinky photos by Ana Barrado and artwork by Phoebe Gloeckner; filmed in 2001 by Jonathan Weiss. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), The Wake of the Icarus. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Vivre! Vivre! (The Manuscripts of Pauline Arhange). Robert Bloch (1917-94), The Todd Dossier; Bloch and Bradbury (short stories). Judy Blume (1938-), The One in the Middle Is the Green Kangaroo; her first juvenile nove; 2nd-grader Freddy Dissel, a middle child who feels neglected and lands a role in a school play to get attention; introduces realism into juvenile lit. Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), New York Party. Martin Boyd (1893-1972), The Tea-Time of Love: The Clarification of Miss Stilby. Jimmy Breslin (1930-), The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight (first novel); inept New York City underworld figures incl. Joey Gallo (1929-72), who is played in the 1971 film by his personal friend Jerry Orbach. Brigid Brophy (1929-95), In Transit: An Heroicycle Novel. John Brunner (1934-95), The Jagged Orbit; about the U.S. in racially polarized 2014, when the Gottschalk mafia that supplies weapons to both sides splits into two factions; Timescoop; Harold Freitas brings duplicates of his ancestors in a time machine with him to 2066, watching them squirm at the morality. Bryher (1894-1983), The Colors of Vaud. Herbert Burkholz (1933-2006), Sister Bear (first novel). Sheila Burnford (1918-84), Without Reserve. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), The New Yorkers; Ruth Mannix. Eric Carle (1929-), The Very Hungry Caterpillar; bestseller (50M copies); children's picture book about the life stages of a caterpillar; first pub. in Japan because no U.S. publisher could handle so many holes. Angela Carter (1940-92), Heroes and Villains. Louis-Ferdinand Celine (1894-1961), Rigodon (posth.); pt. 3 of his exile trilogy, about his flight with his wife and cat from Germany into Denmark at the end of WWII. John Cheever (1912-82), Bullet Park; madman Eliot Nailles attempts to disrupt a suburban family's complacency. Brainard Cheney (1900-90), Devil's Elbow. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Hallowe'en Party (Nov.); Hercule Poirot #32. John Christopher (1922-2012), The Lotus Caves; about life under the Bubble on the Moon in 2068. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), The Book of Flights: An Adventure Story (Le Livre des fuites). Jackie Collins (1937-2015), The Stud; married London nightclub owner Fontaine Khaled and his sexual affairs. Richard Condon (1915-96), Mile High; another Mafia boss named Don Vito in a worthy competitor to Mario Puzo. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), Mr. Bridge; sequel to "Mrs. Bridge" (1959). Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Husband; funny, her hubby Tom Cookson later dies 17 days after her; Rooney/ The Nice Bloke; The Glass Virgin. Robert Coover (1932-), The Babysitter; Pricksongs and Descants (short stories, featuring "metafictions", i.e., works about themselves); incl. "The Babysitter", "The Elevator", "The Sentient Lens". Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Last Round. Harry Crews (1935-), Naked in Garden Hills. Michael Crichton (1942-2008), The Andromeda Strain; first novel under own name; Dr. Jeremy Stone fights a deadly microorganism from outer space; good sales help him pay for Harvard Medical School; filmed in 1971; "This book recounts the five-day history of a major American scientific crisis" (opening line). A.J. Cronin (1896-1981), A Pocket Full of Rye. Nicholas Delbanco (1942-), Consider Sappho Burning; a lesbian poet uses her pen instead of her you know what? R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), Come Home, Charlie, and Face Them. Philip K. Dick (1928-82), Ubik; set in 1992, where anti-telepath technician Joe Chip works for the "prudence organization" of Glen Runciter to enforce privacy against telepaths. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), The Prisoner; Alfred the Great; pub. under alias Victor Hastings. R.B. Dominic, Murder in High Place; Benton Safford #2. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), The Beastly Beatitudes of Balthazar B.. Margaret Drabble (1939-), The Waterfall; Jane Gray. William Eastlake (1917-97), The Bamboo Bed. Allan W. Eckert (1931-), In Search of a Whale; the scientific ship "Geronimo". Harlan Ellison (1934-), The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World (short stories); incl. A Boy and His Dog, about telepathic dog Blood, who teaches his master to read. Jenny Fabian and Johnny Byrne (1935-2008), Groupie (Superstar); based on the underground rock and roll lifestyle of London group the Family, which they call "Relation". James T. Farrell (1904-79), Judith and Other Stories. Timothy Findley (1930-2002), The Butterfly Plague. Margaret Forster (1938-), Miss Owen-Owen is at Home. John Fowles (1926-2005), The French Lieutenant's Woman; AKA Tragedy AKA the French Lieutenant's Whore of Lyme Regis; Sarah Woodruff, Charles Smithson and his fiancee Ernestina Freeman. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Tsing-Boum! (Van der Valk #8). Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Cumpleanos (Birthday). Paul Gallico (1897-1976), The Poseidon Adventure; filmed in 1972. Leonard Gardner (1933-), Fat City (first novel); Ernie Munger and Billy Tully, two boxers in Stockton, Calif. Gunter Grass (1927-), Ortlich Betaubt (Local Anesthetic). Davis Grubb (1919-80), Fools' Parade. Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018), The Left Hand of Darkness; frozen planet Winter populated by hermaphrodites; Genly Ai - if you wanna have a Bowflex body, you gotta own a Bowflex, click it or ticket? Brion Gysin (1916-86), The Process. Peter Handke (1942-), The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick; a confused young man commits a senseless murder. L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), The Love-Adept. John Hawkes (1925-98), Lunar Landscapes (short stories); incl. "Charivari", "The Goose on the Grave", "The Owl". Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), The Tremor of Forgery; Am. writer Howard Ingham uses a typewriter as a murder weapon in Tunisia. Michael Holroyd (1935-), A Dog's Life. Elizabeth Jane Howard (1923-), Something in Disguise. Richard Jessup (1925-82), Sailor. Norman Juster (1929-), Stark Naked: A Paranomastic Odyssey (Random House); set in Emotional Heights, home of Get High (principal Martin Nett), the Walter Wall Rugs business district, Chef Al Dente's restaurant, and the Duston Toodust Cemetery. Sue Kaufman (1926-77), The Headshrinker's Test. Thomas Keneally (1935-), The Survivor; an Arctic expedition that went bad. Jay Richard Kennedy (1904-91), The Chairman; appears first as a film; Nobel Prize-winning Am. scientist John Hathaway goes on a mission to Commie China to steal an enzyme that permits crops to grow in all climates. William Joseph Kennedy (1928-), The Ink Truck (first novel). Fletcher Knebel (1911-93), Trespass; black militants attempt to set up a black nation in the Am. South by taking over rich white homes. Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), Steps. Milan Kundera (1929-), Life is Elsewhere. Louis L'Amour (1908-88), The Lonely Men; another Sackett novel. Emma Lathen, When in Greece; John Putnam Thatcher #9; set during the Rev. of the Colonels; Murder to Go; John Putnam Thatcher #10. Margaret Laurence (1926-87), The Fire-Dwellers. John Leggett (1917-), Who Took the Gold Away?; two Yale men of the class of 1942. Siegfried Lenz (1926-), Deutschstunde (German Lesson). Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), The Moonshine War; The Big Bounce; his first crime novel, rejected 84x by publishers before appearing in paperback. Doris Lessing (1919-2013), The Four-Gated City; "They all looked half drugged or half asleep, dull, as if the creatures had been hypnotized or poisoned... It was painful…to walk among her own kind, looking at them as they were, seeing them, seeing us, the human race, as visitors from a space ship might see them. They went about their lives in a condition of sleepwalking: they were not aware of themselves, of other people, of what went on around them." Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), End of the Rug; Edmund Trothe #1. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), Conversation in the Cathedral; 1950s Peru under Odria; Santiago Zavala and his chauffeur Ambrosio meet at a bar called the Cathedral. Alison Lurie (1926-), Real People; writer Janet Belle Smith spends the summer in an artist's colony, and decides to write about it even though that means she can never return. Peter Maas (1929-2001), The Valachi Papers; Mafia informant Joseph "Joe" Valachi; filmed in 1972. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Puppet on a Chain; Caravan to Vaccares. . Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), The Pub of the Black Cat. Bernard Malamud (1914-86), Pictures of Fidelman: An Exhibition; a middle-aged Bronx man goes to Italy to become an artist. Felicien Marceau (1913-), Creezy. Paule Marshall (1929-), The Chosen Place, the Timeless People; a U.S. research group on a Caribbean island. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), The Maryland Colony; Harpoon in Eden. Angela du Maurier (1904-2002), The Frailty of Nature. Thomas McGuane (1939-), The Sporting Club (first novel); black comedy about a Midwestern gun club. Shepherd Mead (1914-94), ER; or The Brassbound Beauty, the Bearded Bicyclist, and the Gold-Colored Teen-Age Grandfather. Leonard Michaels (1933-2003), Going Places (short stories); makes him reigning king of the short story? Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Wages of Virtue. Patrick Modiano (1945-), Night Rounds (Watch) (La Ronde de Nuit). Henri de Montherlant (1896-1974), Les Garcons; pederastic relationships between boys at a Roman Catholic boys school; semi-autobiographical? Michael Moorcock (1939-), Behold the Man; Karl Glogauer travels back from 1970 to 28 C.E. to see Jesus, who turns out to be a dud, causing him to become Jesus, uttering the famous last words: "It's a lie, it's a lie, let me back down." Alberto Moravia (1907-90), La Vita e (è) Gioco. Iris Murdoch (1919-99), Bruno's Dream (Jan.); an old man on his deathbed seeks to reconcile with son Miles. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Ada Or Ardor: A Family Chronicle; memoir of Van Veen, who loves his half-sister. Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), Something to Answer For. Ruth Nichols (1948-), A Walk Out of This World (first novel); written at age 18. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Them; a blue-collar Detroit family from the Great Depression through the Detroit race riots. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), Master and Commander; British naval Capt. Jack Aubrey (modeled after Adm. Thomas Cochrane) and Irish-Catalan surgeon-spy Stephen Maturin in the Napoleonic Wars; great descriptions of the technical side of sailing ship operations; first of 21 books; initially pub. in Britain, the series becomes a hit in the U.S. after Norton launches it in 1989; the first vol. in the series is a must-read for big sailing ship enthusiasts. Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), Teach Us to Outgrow Our Madness (short stories); idiot son Mori. John O'Hara (1905-70), Lovey Childs: A Philadelphian's Story. Theodore V. Olsen (1932-93), Arrow in the Sun; the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre in Colo.; filmed in 1970 as "Soldier Blue". Michael Ondaatje (1943-), The Collected Works of Billy the Kid; transforms him from a dime novel hero into a trained intelligent killer. Aldo Palazzeschi (1885-1974), Stefanino. Grace Paley (1922-2007), A Subject of Childhood. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The House of Green Turf; Mourning Raga; George Felse novels. Georges Perec (1936-82), The Disappearance (The Disappearance), a 300-page lipogramic novel that never uses the letter "e"; English trans. "A Void" pub. in 1994. Georges Perec (1936-82), Pierre Lusson, and Jacques Roubaud (1932-), Petit Traite Invitant a la Decouverte de l'Art Subtil d Go. Marge Piercy (1936-), Going Down Fast (first novel). Robert Pinget (1919-97), Passacaille (Passacaglia). Frederik Pohl (1919-), The Age of the Pussyfoot; Charles Dalgleish Forrester is cryofrozen in 2027 and revived in 2527, finding that his insurance has made him wealthy enough to buy a Joymaker PC. Chaim Potok (1929-2002), The Promise; sequel to "The Chosen" (1967). V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), Blind Love (short stories). Manuel Puig (1932-90), Heartbreak Tango (Boquitas Pintadas). Mario Puzo (1920-99), The Godfather; fastest-selling novel in U.S. history, with 8M paperbacks sold and worldwide sales of 21M copies; the saga of Sicilian-born Am. Mafia boss Don Vito Corleone; "Amerigo Bonsera... waited for justice: vengeance on the men who had so cruelly hurt his daughter"; filmed in 1972. John Rechy (1934-), This Day's Death. Ishmael Reed (1938-), Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down; an African-Am. postmodern Western about the Loop Garoo Kid (black cowboy), who fights an evil white rancher with HooDoo (the primitive life forces), pitted against white Christian civilization. Mary Renault (1905-83), Fire from Heaven; young Alexander the Great. Angelo Rinaldi (1940-), La Loge du Gouverneur (first novel). Harold Robbins (1916-97), The Inheritors. Judith Rossner (1935-2005), Nine Months in the Life of an Old Maid. Philip Roth (1933-2018), Portnoy's Complaint; bestseller; mama's boy Alexander Portnoy tells his story to his pshrink, about the Monkey, liver, and cored apples, i.e., how he can only escape his possessive Jewish mother's guilt trip by compulsive masturbation; pisses-off Jewish critics who accuse him of Jewish self-hate. Patrick Ryan (1916-), Clancy, My Friend, My Friend. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Un Peu de Soleil Dans l'Eau Froide (Sunlight on Cold Water). Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), El Hombre de los Santos. Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Entre la Vie et la Mmort. Anna Seghers (1900-83), Das Vertrauen (Trust). Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), The Naked Face (first novel). Robert Silverberg (1935-), To Live Again; Nightwings. Claude Simon (1913-2005), The Battle of Pharsalus (La Bataille de Pharsale (Aug. 9, 48 B.C.E.). Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), The Estate; sequel to "The Manor" (1967); A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw; 1930s Jewish ghetto life. Norman Spinrad (1940-), Bug Jack Barron; Jack Barron, host of a TV phone-in-show with an audience of 100M fights billionaire Benedict Howards, dir. of the Foundation for Human Immortality, who is trying to get a govt. monopoly on freezing people; pisses-off a British MP, who criticizes the British Arts Council for funding it; "The saddest day of your life isn't when you decide to sell out. The saddest day of your life is when you decide to sell out and nobody wants to buy." Jean Stafford (1915-79), Collected Stories (Pulitzer Prize); wife (1940-8) of Robert Lowell (1917-77). Christopher Stasheff (1944-), The Warlock in Spite of Himself; #1 in the Warlock of Gramarye series. John Steptoe (1950-89), Stevie; kiddie picture book featuring ghetto language. Edward Streeter (1900-76), Ham Martin, Class of '17 (last novel). Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004), The Death of the Novel and Other Stories. Jacqueline Susann (1918-74), The Love Machine; socialite Judith Austin and Gregory Austin, based on Babe and William Paley. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), Reflections from a Village. Gay Talese (1932-), The Kingdom and the Power; inside story of the New York Times. Paul Theroux (1941-), Girls at Play; three white women teachers in Africa. Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Dionysus. William Trevor (1928-), Mrs. Eckdorf in O'Neill's Hotel; a tawdry guest house in Dublin. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Slaughterhouse-Five, or, The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death; shell-shocked Battle of the Bulge POW Chaplain's Asst. Billy Pilgrim witnesses the Feb. 13-15, 1945 firebombing of Dresden, then becomes "unstuck in time" and time-trips to the planet Tralfamadore, where he is put in a zoo and mated with a movie star; "All this happened, more or less" (first sentence); "That was I. That was me. That was the author of this book" (last sentence); "The gun made a ripping sound like the opening of the zipper on the fly of God Almighty"; his wife Valencia Merble and their son Robert Pilgrim, Kilgore Trout (based on sci-fi writer Theodore Sturgeon), Roland Weary, Paul Lazzaro, Edgar Derby, Howard W. Campbell Jr., Montana Wildhack, "Wild Bob"; his masterpiece?; "You'll either love it, or push it back in the science-fiction corner" (NYT Book Review); filmed in 1972. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Seven Minutes (Sept. 29); an atty. risks his career to defend a bawdy book. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), Evil in a Mask. Leonard Wibberley (1915-83), The Mouse on Wall Street. John A. Williams (1925-94), Sons of Darkness, Sons of Light. Henry Williamson (1895-1977), The Gale of the World; 15th and last novel of "A Chronicle of the Ancient Sunlight" (1951-69). Larry Woiwode (1941-), What I'm Going to Do, I Think (first novel); two newlyweds and an unwanted pregnancy. Richard Yates (1926-92), A Special Kind of Providence. Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), Speak Now. Roger Zelazny (1937-95), Isle of the Dead; named after the Arnold Boecklin paintings, about Francis Sandow, last surviving human born in the 20th cent.; Damnation Alley; about Hell Tanner, who is promised a pardon for driving through you know what from LA to Boston in a post-apocalyptic U.S.; filmed in 1977. Births: Am. 2'8" "Mini-Me in Austin Powers" actor Verne J. Troyer on Jan. 1 in Sturgis, Mich. - born on 1-1-6-9? Filipino novelist Dean Francis Alfar on Jan. 2. Am. supermodel (Calvin Klein, 1987-2007) Christy Nicole Turlington Burns on Jan. 2 in Walnut Creek, Calif.; model for Disney's Pocahontas along with Shirley "Little Dove" Custalow McGowan. Am. "Tommy the Machine Gunn in Rocky V" heavyweight boxer-actor Tommy David "the Duke" Morrison (d. 2013) on Jan. 2 in Gravette, Ark.; raised in Delaware County, Okla. Am. jazz musician (black) James "Larry" Carter on Jan. 3 in Detroit, Mich. French "Pig Tales", "Breathing Underwater" novelist Marie Darrieussecq on Jan. 3 in Bayonne. German auto racer Michael Schumacher on Jan. 3 in Hurth Hermulheim; first German to win the Formula One World Championship. Am. "Lydia DeLucca in That's Life" actress Heather Paige Kent on Jan. 5 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. "The Beautiful People" shock rocker Marilyn Manson (Brian Hugh Warner) (Marilyn Manson) on Jan. 5 in Canton, Ohio; Roman Catholic father, Episcopalian mother; raised Episcopalian; husband (2005-6) of Dita Von Teese (1972-). Am. rock bassist Jeff Abercrombie (Fuel) on Jan. 8 in Kenton, Tenn. Am. "Melissa McKee in General Hospital" actress-producer Ami Bluebell Dolenz on Jan. 8 in Burbank, Calif.; daughter of Micky Dolenz (1945-) and Samantha Juste (1944-); wife (2002-) of Jerry Trimble (1963-). English "Cloud Atlas", "number9dream" novelist David Mitchell on Jan. 12 in Southport, Lancashire; grows up in Malvern, Worcestershire; educated at the U. of Kent. Scottish snooker player Stephen Hendry on Jan. 13 in South Queensferry, Edinburgh. Am. "Michael Bluth in Arrsted Development" actor Jason Kent Bateman on Jan. 14 in Rye, N.Y.; grows up in Salt Lake City, Utah; brother of Justine Bateman (1966-). Am. rock drummer-singer-songwriter David Eric "Dave" Grohl (Nirvana, Foo Fighters) on Jan. 14 in Warren, Ohio. German actress-musician Meret Becker on Jan. 15 in Bremen. Scottish musician Stevie Jackson (Belle & Sebastian) on Jan. 16 in Glasgow. Am. 5'11 boxer-actor-producer (black) Roy Jones Jr. on Jan. 16 in Pensacola, Fla. Swedish Black metal singer Per Yngve "Dead" Yngve Ohlin (d. 1991) (Mayhem) on Jan. 16 in Osterhaninge, Stockholm. British-Indian "Kip in The English Patient", "Sayid Jarrah in Lost" actor Naveen William Sidney Andrews on Jan. 17 in Lambeth, London; Indian immigrant parents. Swedish "Mammoth", "Show Me Love" film dir.-writer-novelist (vegetarian) Karl Frederik Lukas Moodysson on Jan. 17 in Lund; grows up in Akarp, Skane County. Am. wrestler-actor David Michael "Batista" Bautista Jr. on Jan. 18 in Washington, D.C.; Filipino descent father, Greek descent mother. Am. "Tom Collins in Rent", "Det. Ed Green in Law & Order" actor (black) Jesse Lamont Martin (Watkins) on Jan. 18 in Rocky Mount, Va. Am. "My Everything" singer-songwriter (black) Trey Lorenz on Jan. 19 in Florence, S.C. Am. 6'3" football linebacker (San Diego Chargers #55, 1990-2002) Tiaina Baul "Junior" Seau Jr. (d. 2012) on Jan. 19 in San Diego, Calif.; Am. Samoan mother; grows up in Am. Samoa; educated at USC. Welsh rock bassist Nicky Wire (Nicholas Allen Jones) (Manic Street Preachers) on Jan. 20 in Tredegar. Am. "Marina Ferrer in The L Word", "Girl in the beach in The Firm" actress (bi) Karina Lombard on Jan. 21 in Tahiti; Russian-Italian-Swiss father, Sioux mother. Am. "Joe Dick" actor John Ducey on Jan. 21 in Endwell, N.Y. English-Am. "Karen Arnold in The Wonder Years" actress-singer Olivia Jane d'Abo on Jan. 22 in London; cousin of Maryam d'Abo (1960-); first cousin once removed of Manfred Mann lead vocalist Michael d'Abo (1944-). Am. "If I Ever Fall in Love" R&B singer (black) Marc Gay (Shai) on Jan. 22 in Washington, D.C. Am. R&B singer (black) Kina Cosper on Jan. 25 in Detroit, Mich. Indian Bollywood dir.-writer Vikram Bhatt on Jan. 27; grandson of Vijay Bhatt (1907-93). Japanese "Fantasma" musician-singer-producer ("the Japanese Beck") ("Modern-Day Brian Wilson)Cornelius (Keigo Oyamada) (Flipper's Guitar) on Jan. 27 in Setagaya, Tokyo. Am. "Remy in Ratatouille", "Adam F. Goldberg in The Goldbergs" comedian-actor-writer (atheist) Patton Peter Oswalt on Jan. 27 in Portsmouth, Va.; educated at William and Mary College. Am. "Det. Lilly Rush in Cold Case" actress Kathryn Susan Morris on Jan. 28 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Am. "The Apprentice" businessperson Carolyn Kepcher on Jan. 30 in Westchester County, N.Y.; educated at Mercy College; starts out selling Avon door-to-door. Argentine soccer player Gabriel Omar "Batigol" Batistuta on Feb. 1 in Avellaneda, Santa Fe. Am. "Jazz Crimes" jazz saxophonist (black) (Jewish) Joshua Redman on Feb. 1 in Berkeley, Calif.; educated at Harvard U. Am. conservative journalist (Jewish) Andrew James Breitbart (d. 2012) on Feb. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Tulane U.; husband of Susannah Bean, daughter of Orson Bean (1928-). Am. rock drummer Patrick George "Pat" Wilson (Weezer, The Special Goodness) on Feb. 1 in Buffalo, N.Y. U.S. Dem. politician Joseph Robinette "Beau" Biden III on Feb. 3 in Wilmington, Del.; eldest son of Joe Biden (1942-) and 1st wife Neilia Hunter (-1972); educated at the U. of Penn., and Syracuse U. South African golfer Retief Goosen on Feb. 3 in Pietersburg (Polokwane). Am. "My Prerogative" R&B singer (black) Robert Barisford "Bobby" Brown on Feb. 5 in Boston, Mass.; husband (1992-2007) of Whitney Houston (1963-). Welsh "Tony Blair in The Queen", "David Frost in Frost/Nixon", "Dr. William Masters in Masters of Sex" actor Michael Christopher Sheen on Feb. 5 in Newport, Monmouthshire; father is a prof. Jack Nicholson lookalike. Am. "Rachel Green in Friends", "Beth Bartlett in He's Just Not That Into You" actress-producer Jennifer Joanna Aniston on Feb. 11 in Sherman Oaks, Calif.; daughter of John Aniston (1933-) and Nancy Dow (1936-2016); Greek father, Italian descent mother; her godfather is Telly Savalas; at age 11 her paintings are displayed at the Met in New York City; wife (2000-5) of Brad Pitt (1963-), and (2015-) Justin Theroux. Am. "Pi - Faith in Chaos", "The Black Swan" filmmaker (Jewish) Darren Aronofsky on Feb. 12 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; educated at Harvard U. South 5'11-1/2" Korean soccer player Hong Myung-Bo on Feb. 12 in Seoul. Canadian 6'2" hockey player John Bradley "Brad" Werenka on Feb. 12 in Two Hills, Alberta. Emirati singer Ahlam Ali Al Shamsi on Feb. 13 in Manama, Bahrain. Am. "Steve Lattimer in The Program" 6'5" actor Andrew Bryniarski on Feb. 13 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. auto racer Ronnie Johncox on Feb. 13 in Jackson, Mich. Sudanese journalist Sami Al-Haj (Sami Mohy El Din Muhammed Al Hajj on Feb. 15 in Khartoum. Am. "Talking Points Memo" leftist journalist Joshua Micah Marshall on Feb. 15 in St. Louis, Mo.; educated at Princeton U. and Brown U. Am. "Kristen Parker in A Nightmare on Elm Street 4" actress-singer Tuesday (Melody) Lynn Knight on Feb. 17 in Brentwood, Calif. Am. rock musician Burton C. Bell (Fear Factory) on Feb. 19 in Houston, Tex. Am. "Whiplash", "The Purge", "Creep"" Blumhouse Productions film producer Jason Ferus Blum on Feb. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Jewish father; educated at Vassar College. Welsh musician James Dean Bradfield (Manic Street Preachers) on Feb. 21 in Pontypool, Monmouthshire. Am. reggae musician (black) Corey Harris on Feb. 21 on Denver, Colo. Am. rock bassist ("the God of Thunder") Eric John Wilson (Sublime) on Feb. 21. Am. "The Punisher" actor Thomas Jane (Thomas Elliott III) on Feb. 22 in Baltimore, Md. Am. fashion consultant Clinton Kelly on Feb. 22 in Panama City, Panama; grows up in Long Island, N.Y.; educated at Boston College, and Northwestern U. Kiwi golfer Michael Shane Campbell on Feb. 23 in Hawera; of Maori-Scottish descent. Am. "Shark Tank" entrepreneur (black) Daymond Garfield John on Feb. 23 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; grows up in Queens, N.Y.; Belgian 6'1" cyclist Marc Wauters on Feb. 23 in Hasselt, Limburg. English rock bassist Timothy "Tim" Brown (Boo Radleys) on Feb. 26 in Wallasey, Cheshire. Am. psychic-musician-actress Danielle Egnew on Feb. 28 in Billings, Mont. Am. "Dr. James Wilson in House: MD" actor Robert Sean Leonard on Feb. 28 in Westwood, N.J.; educated at Fordham U. Am. rock singer-songwriter Patrick "Pat" Monahan (Train) on Feb. 28 in Erie (Waterford), Penn. Spanish "Anton Chigurh in No Country for Old Men" actor Javier Bardem on Mar. 1 in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Am. Cherokee rapper Litefoot (G. Paul Davis) on Mar. 1 in Upland, Calif. Welsh drummer Dafydd Ieuan (Super Furry Animals) on Mar. 1 in Bangor, Gwynedd; brother of Cian Ciaran (1976-). Am. celeb (lesbian) Chaz Sun (Chastity Salvatore) on Mar. 4; daughter of Sonny Bono (1935-98) and Cher Bono (1946-); comes out as a lesbian in 1995, then undergoes a sex change in 2009; named after the Bono-written film Chastity, released this year, in which Cher stars and sings Chastity. Am. record producer Jason Townsend on Mar. 4 in Wentzville, Mo. Taiwanese actress Annie Shizuka Inoh on Mar. 4 in Taipei. Am. "Lynn Tanner in ALF", "Alice Tyler in Whiz Kids" actress Andrea Elson on Mar. 6 in New York City. Am. Repub. atty.-TV personality (Roman Catholic) Kimberly Ann Guilfoyle on Mar. 6 in San Francisco, Calif.; Irish immigrant father, Puerto Rican mother; educated at UCD, U. of San Francisco, and Trinity College, Dublin; wife (2001-6) of Gavin Newson (1967-). Am. "Annie Spadaro in Caroline in the City" actress Amy Pietz on Mar. 6 in Milwaukee, Wisc. Am. TV personality (Roman Catholic) Kimberly Ann Guilfoyle on Mar. 9 in San Francisco, Calif.; Puerto Rican immigrant mother, Irish immigrant father; educated at UCD, and U. of San Francisco. Am. "Col. James Rupert Rhodey Rhodes in Iron Man", "Det. Mercer in The Brave One" actor-singer (black) Terrence Dashon Howard on Mar. 11 in Chicago, Ill. Am. rock musician Rami Jaffee (Wallflowers) on Mar. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. ABC-TV journalist (Jewish) Jacob Paul "Jake" Tapper on Mar. 12 in New York City; educated at USC. Am. 6'6" basketball player (black) (Charlotte Hornets #2, 1996-1) (New York Knicks #2, 1996-2001) (Nation of Islam convert) Larry Demetric "LJ" "Grandmama" Johnson on Mar. 14; educated at UNLV. English fashion designer (gay) ("Hooligan of English Fashion") Lee Alexander McQueen (d. 2010) on Mar. 16 in Lewisham, London. English fashion designer (gay) ("the Hooligan of English Fashion") Lee Alexander McQueen (d. 2010) on Mar. 17 in Lewisham, London; discovered by Isabella Blow (1958-2007). Am. IBN (Intelleshow Broadcasting Network) founder (black) Barrett Dane Johnson on Mar. 18 in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; part Irish and Tahitian ancestry. Guatemalan pres. (2016-) (evangelical Christian) James "Jimmy" Ernesto Morales Cabrera on Mar. 18 in Guatemala City; starts out as a comedian. Am. "Charles Trip Tucker III in Star Trek: Enterprise" actor Connor Trinneer on Mar. 19 in Walla Walla, Wash. Am. 6'11" basketball player (black) (Indiana Pacers #32, 1991-2000, 2005) (Portland Trail Blazers #34, 2000-4) (Golden State Warriors #32, 2004-5) (Detroit Pistons #34, 2005-7) Elliott Lydell "Dale" Davis on Mar. 25 in Toccoa, Ga.; educated at Clemson U. U.S. Rep. (R-Utah) (2009-17) (Jewish-to-Mormon convert) Jason E. Chaffetz on Mar. 26 in Los Gatos, Calif.; Jewish father, Christian Scientist mother; grows up in Ariz.; educated at BYU. Am. "Vision of Love", "Emotions" 5-octave-range singer-songwriter-producer-actress (black) ("Songbird Supreme") Mariah Carey on Mar. 27 in Huntington, Long Island, N.Y. (b. 1970?); Afro-Venezuelan descent father, Irish descent mother; named after the song "They Call the Wind Mariah"; wife (1993-8) of Tommy Mottola (1949-), and (2008-16) Nick Cannon (1980-); starts as backup for Brenda K. Starr, who gets her a recording contract, going on to sell 200M+ records. Am. "Abby Sciuto NCIS" actress Pauley Perrette on Mar. 27 in New Orleans, La. Am. "Honesty (Write Me a List)" country singer Rodney Allan Atkins on Mar. 28 in Knoxville, Tenn. Am. "Rush Hour", "Tower Heist" dir.-producer (Jewish) Brett Ratner on Mar. 28 in Miami Beach, Fla. Am. Travel Channel TV host Samantha Elizabeth Brown on Mar. 31 in Dallas, Tex. Am. 6'8" basketball player (black) (Miami Heat #3/#8, 1991-4, 2005) (Atlanta Hawks #8, 1994-9) (Portland Trail Blazers #8, 1999-2001) (San Antonio Spurs #8, 2001-3) Steven Delano "Steve" Smith on Mar. 31 in Highland Park, Mich.; educated at Michigan State U. Chinese astronaut Liu Wang on Mar. ? in Pingyao, Shanxi. Am. Dem. politician Melissa Mark-Viverito on Apr. 1 in San Juan, Puerto Rico; educated at Columbia U., and Baruch College. Am. ABC-TV investment consultant (black) Mellody Hobson on Apr. 3 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Princeton U. Canadian wrestler Lance Storm (Lance Timothy Evers) on Apr. 3 in Sarnia, Ont. Am. baseball player (2B) Bret Robert Boone on Apr. 6 in El Cajon, Calif. Puerto Rican actress Ari Meyers on Apr. 6 in San Juan. Am. "Josh in Clueless" actor (Jewish) Paul Stephen Rudd (Rudnitzky) on Apr. 6 in Passaic, N.J.; educated at the U. of Kan. Am. rock singer Kevin Martin (Candlebox) on Apr. 9 in Elgin, Ill. Am. journalist-atty. (Jewish) Debbie Schlussel on Apr. 9 in Southfield, Mich.; of Polish Jewish descent; educated at the U. of Mich., and U. of Wisc. Am. "Dar in The Beastmaster" actor Billy Jayne (William Jacoby) on Apr. 10 in Flushing, Queens, N.Y.; brother of Scott Jacoby (1956-) Welsh singer Cerys Matthews (Catatonia) on Apr. 11 in Cardiff. Am. football linebacker (black) Michael Anthony "Mike" Jones on Apr. 15 in Kansas City, Mo.; educated at the U. of Mo. Peruvian "Jesus Christ in The Visual Bible" actor Henry Ian Cusick (Chavez) on Apr. 17 in Trujillo; Scottish-Irish father, Peruvian mother. Am. "Monster Garage" motorcycle star Jesse Gregory James on Apr. 19 in Lynwood, Calif.; his great-great-grandfather was a cousin of Jesse James?; husband (2002-4) of Janine Lindemulder (1968-), (2005-10) Sandra Bullock (1964-), and (2013-) Aexis DeJoria (1977-). Am. chess player (Jewish) Zsuzsanna "Susan" Polgar on Apr. 19 in Budapest; sister of chess players Sofia Polgar (1974-) and Judit Polgar (1976-); emigrates to the U.S. in 1994; no, this is not a case of women being equal to men, since daddy Laszlo Polgar claims credit for training them all at chess from infancy to prove that geniuses are made, not born; leave it to Fido, but in Nov. 1986 FIDE gives every female player 100 bonus points except her in order to knock her from the #1 female spot that she won in 1984 at age 15. Am. country singer Wade Hayes on Apr. 20. English "Gustav Graves in Die Another Day" actor Toby Stephens on Apr. 21 in London. Am. "The Egyptologist", "The Song Is You" novelist Arthur Phillips on Apr. 23 in Minneapolis, Minn.; educated at Harvard U., and Berklee College of Music. Italian artist Vanessa Beecroft on Apr. 25 in Genoa. Am. sports announcer Joseph Francis "Joe" Buck on Apr. 25 in St. Petersburg, Fla.; son of Jack Buck (1924-2002). Am. "Dorothy Boyd in Jerry Maguire", "Bridget Jones's Diary", "Roxie Hart in Chicago" actress Renee Kathleen Zellweger on Apr. 25 in Katy, Tex.; Swiss immigrant father, Norwegian immigrant mother; wife (2005) of Kenny Chesney (1968-). U.S. Sen. (D-N.J.) (2013-) (black) Cory Anthony Booker on Apr. 27 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Stanford U., Queen's College, Oxford U., and Yale U. Am. "Old Enough to Know" country singer Tony Wade Hayes on Apr. 20 in Bethel Acres, Okla.; husband of (1999-2003) Danni Boatwright (1975-). West Indian cricketer Brian Charles "The Prince of Port-of-Spain" Lara on May 2 in Santa Cruz, Trinidad. Am. sci-fi writer Daryl Furumi Mallett on May 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Helene McCreaty in Gone Baby Gone", "Holly Flax in The Office" "Beadie Russell in The Wire" actress Amy Ryan (Amy Beth Dziewiontkowski) on May 3 in Flushing Queens,N.Y. Canadian hockey player Micah Aivazoff on May 4 in Powell River, B.C. Japanese baseball pitcher (New York Yankees, 1997-9) ("the Japanese Nolan Ryan") Hideki Irabu (d. 2011) on May 5 in Hirara, Okinawa. Irish soccer player James "Jim" Magilton on May 6 in Belfast. Am. porno actress-dir. Traci Lords (Nora Louise Kuzma) on May 7 in Steubenville, Ohio. Am. entertainer (black) Eagle-Eye Lanoo Cherry on May 7 in Stockholm, Sweden; son of Don Cherry (1936-95); brother of Neneh Cherry (1964-). Am. 6'8" sumo wrestler (first non-Japanese yokozuna) Akebono (Jap. "new dawn") Taro (Chad Rowan) on May 8 in Waimanalo, Hawaii; becomes Japanese citizen in 1996. Am. 5'11-3/4" Miss USA (1990) (black) (first) Carole Anne-Marie Gist on May 8 in Detroit, Mich. Dutch singer-songwriter-producer Amber (Marie-Claire Cremers) on May 9 in Ubbergen; raised in Germany. Am. "Callisto in Hercules", "Shelly Hanson in Melrose Place" actress Heidi Hudson Leick on May 9 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dutch soccer player Dennis Nicolaas Maria "Iceman" Bergkamp on May 10 in Amsterdam. Am. "Old Man's War" sci-fi novelist John Michael Scalzi II on May 10 in Fairfield, Calif.; distant ancestor of John Wilkes Booth; educated at the U. of Chicago. Am. "Tootie Ramsey in The Facts of Life" actress (black) Kimberly Victoria "Kim" Fields on May 12 in New York City; daughter of Chip Fields (1951-); sister of Alexis Fields (1979-). French "Star Academy" TV host Nikos Aliagas on May 13 in Paris; Greek parents. Am. musician Brian "Buckethead" Carroll on May 13; performs wearing Kabuki makeup with a KFC bucket on his head that has an orange bumper sticker reading "FUNERAL". Australian "Katharine Hepburn in The Aviator", "Elizabeth I in Elizabeth", "Galadriel in The Lord of the Rings" actress Catherine Elise "Cate" Blanchett on May 14 in Melbourne. Am. singer-songwriter-producer-actor Daniel William "Danny" Wood Jr. (New Kids on the Block) on May 14 in Boston, Mass. Syrian singer Assala Mostafa Hatem Nasri on May 15 in Damascus. Am. 5'9" football hall-of-fame player (black) (Dallas Cowboys, 1990-2002) Emmitt James Smith III on May 15 in Pensacola, Fla. Am. "Seeley Booth in Bones", "Angel in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actor David Paul Boreanaz (pr. bore-ee-AN-az") (Italian) on May 16 in Buffalo, N.Y.; father is an ABC weatherman; ball boy for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Am. "The Daily Caller" conservative journalist Tucker Swanson McNear Carlson on May 16 in San Francisco, Calif.; son of U.S. ambassador (to Seychelles) Richard Warner Carlson and Swanson Foods heiress Patricia Caroline Swanson (1945-); great-nephew of U.S. Sen. J. William Fulbright (1905-95); educated at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. Am. "Carol Seaver in Growing Pains" actress Tracey Gold (Tracey Claire Fisher) on May 16 in New York City. Am. Olympic athlete (black) Steven Earl "Steve" Lewis on May 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Toy Soldiers" singer-actress Martika Marrero on May 18 in Whittier, Calif.; Cuban heritage. Am. "American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House", "Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power" pres. biographer (Episcopalian) Jon Ellis Meacham on May 20 in Chattanooga, Tenn.; educated at Univ. of the South. Ukrainian journalist Georgiy Ruslanovich Gongadze (d. 2000) on May 21 in Tbilisi, Georgia. Am. rock musician Rich Robinson (Black Crowes) on May 24 in Atlanta, Ga.; brother of Chris Robinson (1966-). Am. "Six Days Seven Nights" actress-dir. (bi) Anne Celeste Heche on May 25 in Aurora, Ohio.; gay father dies of AIDS in 1983; mother Nancy Heche is a Christian psychotherapist; claims to be a half-sister of Jesus named Celestia. French "The Elegance of the Hedgehog" novelist-philosopher Muriel Barbery on May 28 in Casablanca, Morocco. Canadian rock guitarist Chandler "Chan" Kinchla (Blues traveller) on May 29 in Hamilton, Ont. Am. "Pam Focker in Meet the Parents", "Char in The Arrival" actress Theresa Elizabeth "Teri" Polo on June 1 in Dover, Del. Am. comedian Rob Huebel on June 4 in Columbia, S.C. Japanese composer-musician-writer Takako Minekawa on June 4. Am. R&B singer (black) Brian McKnight on June 5 in Buffalo, N.Y.; brother of Claude McKnight (1962-). Am. Blackwater Worldwide founder Erik Dean Prince on June 6 in Holland, Mich.; son of Edgar D. Prince, founder of the Prince Corp. (known for introducing lighted vanity mirrors for cars) and a Dutch descent mother; brother of Betsy DeVos (1958-). Am. "Cindy Harrison in As the World Turns and Another World" actress Kimberly "Kim" Rhodes on June 7 in Portland, Ore. Am. "Dustin Crenshaw in ER" actor-dir. Jean-Paul Christophe Manoux on June 8 in Santa Barbara, Calif. Am. "The Secret Life of Bees", "Love & Basketball" dir. Gina Prince-Bythewood (Gina Maria Prince) on June 10. Am. "Tyrion Lannister in Game of Thrones" 4'5" actor (dwarf) Peter Dinklage on June 11 in Morristown, N.J. Am. rock drummer Steven Gregory Drozd (Flaming Lips) on June 11 in Houston, Tex. Austrian right-wing politician Heinz-Christian Strache on June 12. Am. "Ray Pruit in Beverly Hills, 90210" actor-musician James Leland "Jamie" Walters Jr. on June 13 in Marblehead, Mass. German 5'9" tennis player (ex-Roman Catholic) Stefanie Maria "Steffi" Graf on June 14 [Gemini] in Mannheim, West Germany; parents Peter and Heidi operate a tennis school, and by age four she is playing; wife (2001-) of Andre Agassi (1970-). Am. rapper (black) MC Ren (N.W.A.) on June 14 in Compton, Calif. Am. actor-rapper (black) Ice Cube (O'Shea Jackson) on June 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. German soccer goalie Oliver Rolf Kahn on June 15 in Karlsruhe. Kenyan marathoner (black) Paul Kibii Tergat on June 17 in Riwo, Baringo District. Am. R&B singer (black) Kevin Thornton (Color Me Badd) on June 17 in Amarillo, Tex. Norwegian rocker Pal Pot Pamparius (Pol Bottger Kjaernes) (Turbonegro) on June 18. Am. "The Insider" host Lara Spencer (Lara Christine Von Seelen) on June 19 in Garden City, N.Y. Norwegian "Prince Igor" soprano Sissel Kyrkjebo (Kyrkjebø) on June 24 in Bergen. Am. actor Matt Gallant on June 25 in Syracuse, N.Y. Am. guitarist Zim Zum (Timothy Michael Linton) (Marilyn Manson) on June 25 in Chicago, Ill. Am. jazz musician Jimmy Sommers on June 28 in Mount Prospect, Ill. Israeli "Vittoria Vetra in Angels and Demons" actress (Jewish) Ayelet Zurer on June 28 in Tel Aviv. Am. "Wyatt Donnelly in Weird Science" actor Ilan Mitchell-Smith on June 29 in New York City. Am. "Good" rock bassist Tom Melville Drummond (Better Than Ezra) on June 30 in Shreveport, La. Am. "Hidden Figures" writer (black) Margot Lee Shetterly on June 30 in Hampton, Va.; educated at the U. of Va. Canadian rock musician Kevin Neil Hearn (Barenaked Ladies) on July 3 in Grimsby, Ont. Spanish chef Elena Arzak on July 4 in San Sebastian; daughter of Juan Mari Arzak (1942-). Am. hockey player John Clark LeClair on July 5 in St. Albans, Vt. Am. rapper (black) RZA (Robert Diggs) (pr. like Rizza) (Wu-Tang Clan) on July 5 in Brownsville, Brooklyn, N.Y. Canadian hockey center (Colorado Avalanche #19, 1996-2009) Joseph Steven "Joe" Sakic on July 7 in Burnaby, B.C. Am. Jeffrey Dahmer murderer (black) Christopher J. Scarver on July 6 in Milwaukee, Wisc. Am. "Brian Kinney in Queer as Folk" actor Gale Morgan Harold III on July 10 in Atlanta, Ga. French chef Anne-Sophie Pic on July 12 in Valence, Drome; daughter of Jacques Pic (1932-92); sister of Alain Pic. Am. wrestler Buh-Buh (Bubba) Ray Dudley on July 14. Am. "TJ in Head of the Class" actress (black) (Jewish?) Rain Pryor on July 16 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Richard Pryor (1940-2005) and a Jewish go-go dancer mother. Australian "Tommy Caffee in Brotherhood", "John Connor in Terminator Genisys" actor Jason Clarke on July 17 in Winston, Queensland. Am. "The Negotiator" dir. (black) F. Gary Gray on July 17 in New York City. Am. "Coyote Ugly", "Eat, Pray, Love" writer Elizabeth M. Gilbert on July 18 in Waterbury, Conn.; educated at NYU; in 1993 becomes the first unpub. short story writer to debut in Esquire since Norman Mailer. Japanese wrestler ("the Great Sasuke") Masanori Murakawa on July 18 in Morioka, Iwate Prefecture. Am. "James Sawyer Ford" in Lost" actor Josh Holloway on July 20 in San Jose, Calif. Canadian-Bahamanian 6'7" basketball player (black) (Boston Celtics, 1991-7) (Los Angeles Lakers, 1997-2004) Ulrich Alexander "Rick" Fox on July 24 in Toronto, Ont.; Bahamian father, Canadian mother; educated at the U. of N.C. Am. singer-actress Jennifer Lopez (J.Lo) (J-Lo) (Jay-Lo) on July 24 in Bronx, N.Y.; starts out as a "fly girl" on the TV show "In Living Color"; wife (2004-) of Marc Antony (1968-). Am. "Pres. Wayne Palmer in 24" actor (black) D.B.(David Bryan) Woodside on July 25 in Jamaica, Queens, N.Y. Welsh "Seize the Day" Paralympian Dame Carys Davina "Tanni" Grey-Thompson, Baroness Grey-Thompson on July 26 in Cardiff; educated at Loughborough U.; nicknamed for being tiny; created dame in 2005, and baroness in 2010. Am. wrestler Triple H (Hunter Hearst Helmsley) (Paul Michael Levesque) (AKA Terra Ryzing) on July 27 in Nashua, N.H.; husband (2003-) of Stephanie McMahon. Australian "Patrick Jane in The Mentalist", "Christian Thompson in The Devil Wears Prada" 5'10" actor Simon Baker (Baker-Denny) on July 30 in Launceston, Tasmania. Am. "Kissing in Manhattan", "Sweet and Vicious", "Banshee" novelist-screenwriter David Schickler on July 30 in Rochester, N.Y.; educated at Georgetown U., and Columbia U. English "The Thin Red Line" actor Ben Chaplin on July 31 in London. Am. "Mumford" actor Loren Dean on July 31 in Las Vegas, Nev. Am. 6'7" basketball player (black) (Phoenix Suns #23/#1, 1994-7, 1997-8) (Dallas Mavericks #23, 1998-2000) (Detroit Pistons #23, 2000) (Miami Heat #23, 2000-1) (Los Angeles Lakers #23, 1994-7) Cedric Z. Caballos on Aug. 2 in Maui, Hawaii; of Mexican descent; educated at Cal State Fullerton. Portuguese soccer player Fernando Manuel Silva Couto on Aug. 2 in Espinho. Am. actor Michael Robert DeLuise on Aug. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif; son of Dom DeLuise (1933-) and Carol Arthur (1935); brother of Peter DeLuise (1966-) and David DeLuise (1971-). Am. auto racer Kenneth Dale "Kenny" Irwin Jr. (d. 2000) on Aug. 5 in Indianapolis, Ind. Am. "Miss Misery" "whispery spiderweb-thin delivery" musician-singer-songwriter Steven Paul "Elliott" Smith (d. 2003) (Heatmiser) on Aug. 6 in Omaha, Neb. Am. football coach (black) (Ariz. Cardinals, 2018-) Steven Bernard "Steve" Wilks on Aug. 8 in Charlotte, N.C.; educated at Appalachian State U. Am. baseball pitcher (Calif./Anaheim Angels, 1995-2004) Troy Eugene Percival on Aug. 9 in Fontana, Calif.; educated at UCR. Japanese figure skater Midori Ito on Aug. 13 in Nagoya; first woman to land a triple axel in competition (1988). Am. "The Sixth Sense", "Band of Brothers", "Boomtown" 6'1" singer-actor-producer Am. football RB-coach (black) (San Diego Chargers #21, 1991-4) (Cincinnati Bengals #21, 1995-8) (Kansas City Chiefs, 2013-) Eric M. Bieniemy Jr. on Aug. 15 in New Orleans, La.; educated at the U. of Colo. Donald Edmond "Donnie" Wahlberg Jr. (New Kids on the Block) on Aug. 17 in Dorchester, Mass.; #8 of 9 children; brother of Mark Wahlberg (1971-). Am. economist Austan Dean Goolsbee on Aug. 18 in Waco, Tex.; raised in Whittier, Calif.; educated at Yale U., and MIT. Am. "Aaron in Primal Fear", "Derek Vinyard in American History X", "Fight Club" actor-dir.-producer Edward Harrison Norton on Aug. 18 in Boston, Mass.; educated at Yale U.; maternal grandson of James Wilson Rouse (1914-96). Am. "Adso of Melk in The Name of the Rose", "J.D. in Heathers", "Will Scarlett in Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" actor-dir.-producer Christian "Slates" Slater (Christopher Michael Leonard Hawkins) on Aug. 18 in New York City; son of Michael Hawkins (1935-) and Mary Jo Slater; godson of Michael Zaslow (1942-98). Am. rapper (black) Nate Dogg (Nathaniel Dwayne Hale) on Aug. 19 in Long Beach, Calif. Canadian-Am. "Chandler Bing in Friends" actor (Vicodin addict) Matthew Langford Perry (d. 2023)on Aug. 19 in Williamstown, Mass.; son of John Bennett Perry (1941-), the Old Spice After Shave sailor; grows up in Ottawa, Ont.; educated at Ashbury College; classmate of Justin Trudeau. Am. "What's It to You" country singer Ernest Clayton "Clay" Walker Jr. on Aug. 19 in Beaumont, Tex.; grows up in Vidor, Tex. Am. "Mike Biggs in Mike & Molly" actor William "Billy" Gardell on Aug. 20 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Am. "Cinderella Man" writer-journalist Jeremy Schaap on Aug. 23 in New York City; educated at Cornell U. Am. rock drummer Adrian Young (No Doubt) on Aug. 26 in Long Beach, Calif.; hippie parents; known for wearing a thong, tutu, and mohawk during performances. British "May Boatwright in The Secret Life of Bees", "Tatiana in Hotel Rwanda" actress (black) (Jewish) Sophie Okonedo on Aug. 11 in London; Nigerian father, Jewish mother. Am. 6'11" basketball player (white) (Roman Catholic) (Minnesota Timberwolves #32, 1992-6) (Atlanta Hawks #32, 1996-90 (Detroit Pistons #32, 1999-2000) (Dallas Mavericks #32, 2000-1) (Washington Wizards #44, 2001-4) (Miami Heat #44, 2004-5) Christian Donald Laettner on Aug. 17 in Angola, N.Y.; of Polish descent; educated at Duke U. Australian 6'10" "Rictus Erectus in Mad Max: Fury Road" wrestler-actor Nathan Jones on Aug. 21 in Gold Coast, Queensland. Irish economist Philip R. Lane on Aug. 27 in ?; educated at Trinity College Dublin, and Harvard U. Am. "Dr. Miranda Bailey in Grey's Anatomy" 5' actress Chandra Wilson on Aug. 27 in Houston, Tex. Am. "Dr. Miranda Bailey in Grey's Anatomy", "Dewey Finn in School of Rock", "Nacho Libre" actor-musician (Jewish) Thomas Jacob "Jack" Black (Tenacious D) on Aug. 28 in Hermosa Beach, Calif. Canadian-Am. "Brandon Walsh in Beverly Hills, 90210" actor Jason Bradford Priestley on Aug. 28 in Vancouver, B.C. Am. Facebook COO (2008-) (Jewish) Sharyl Kara Sandberg on Aug. 28 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Harvard U. Am. "Pamela Byrnes in Meet the Fockers" actress Theresa Elizabeth "Teri" Polo on Aug. 29 in Dover, Del. Irish snooker player Joe Swail on Aug. 29 in Belfast. Mexican singer-actress Lucero (Lucero Hogaza León ) on Aug. 29 in Mexico City. Am. rock musician Jeff Russo (Tonic) on Aug. 31. Am. IQ-142 serial murderer (gay) Andrew Phillip Cuanan (d. 1997) on Aug. 31 in National City, Calif.; Filipino immigrant father, Italian-Am. mother. Am. R&B singer (black) Cedric "K-Ci" Hailey (K-Ci and JoJo) on Sept. 2 in Charlotte, N.C.; brother of Jo-Jo Hailey (1971-) Am. journalist (alcoholic) Alexander Britton "Sandy" Hume Jr. (d. 1998) on Sept. 2 in Washington, D.C.; son of Brit Hume (1943-). Am. photographer David Naz on Sept. 2. Am. actor-musician Dweezil Zappa on Sept. 5 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Frank Zappa (1940-93) and Gail Zappa (1945-); brother of Moon Unit Zappa (1967-), Ahmet Zappa (1974-), and Diva Thin Muffin Zappa (1979-); named after an oddly-curled pinky toe of Gail's. Am. R&B singer (black) Darryl Anthony (Az Yet) on Sept. 6 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. actress-model Angie Kay Everhart on Sept. 7 in Akron, Ohio. Am. "Numb3rs" actress Diane Farr on Sept. 7 in New York City. Kiwi "A Walk in the Park" actress-model Rachel Hunter on Sept. 9 in Glenfield, Auckland; wife (1990-2006) of Rod Stewart. Argentine 6'1" golfer Angel "Pato" "the Duck" Cabrera on Sept. 12 in Cordoba; first Argentine to win the Masters and U.S. Open. Am. "A Million Little Pieces" fiction writer James Christopher Frey (pr. like fry) on Sept. 12 in Cleveland, Ohio; educated at Denison U. Australian cricketer Shane Keith Warne on Sept. 13 in Upper Ferntree Gully, Victoria. South Korean "Snowpiercer" dir. Bong Joon-ho on Sept. 14 in Daegu. Am. CNN journalist Rebecca MacKinnon on Sept. 16 in Berkeley, Calif.; educated at Harvard U. English film dir.-writer Carlo Gabriel Nero on Sept. 16 in London; son of Franco Nero (1941-) and Vanessa Redgrave (1937-). Irish snooker player Ken Doherty on Sept. 17. English "psycho somatic" rock musician Keith Charles Flint (Prodigy) on Sept. 17 in Chelmsford, Essex. Am. chef Michael D. Symon on Sept. 19 in Cleveland, Ohio; educated at Culinary Inst. of Am. Am. "Cathy Pork Eklund in The Fighter" actress Bianca Hunter on Sept. 20; wife (2012-) of Robert McNaughton (1966-). Am. rock musician Joel Sefton Kosche (Collective Soul) on Sept. 20. Am. chef (lesbian) Anne W. Burrell on Sept. 21 in Cazenovia, N.Y. Am rock musician Matthew Kelly "Matt" Sharp (Weezer) on Sept. 22 in Bangkok, Thailand; grows up in Arlington, Va. Am. "Myra Monkhouse in Family Matters" actress (black) Michelle Thomas (d. 1998) on Sept. 23 in Boston, Mass. Am. "Aladdin", "The Wedding Singer", "Elf the Musical playwright (gay) Chad Bequelin on Sept. 24 in Centralia, Ill.; educated at NYU. Am. music producer-singer-songwriter (black)DeVante Swing (Donald Earle DeGrate Jr.) on Sept. 24 in Hampton, Va.; brother of Dalvin DeGrate (1971-). Am. "Dark Skies" actress Megan Marie Ward on Sept. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. South African cricketer Wessel Johannes "Hansie" Cronje (d. 2002) (pr. KRON-year) on Sept. 25 in Bloemfontein. Am. "Talk Soup" actor-comedian Hal Sparks (Hal Harry Magee Sparks III) on Sept. 25 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Am. baseball player (black) Anthony Darrell "Tony" Womack on Sept. 25 in Danville, Va. Welsh "Velma Kelly in Chicao" actress Catherine Zeta-Jones on Sept. 25 in Swansea; wife (2000-) of Michael Douglas (1944-). Am. "Michael Novotny in Queer as Folk" actor-singer Hal Harry Magee Sparks III on Sept. 25 in Peaks Mill, Ky. Am. rock musician Jonathan P. "Jon" Auer (The Posies) on Sept. 29 in Bellingham, Wash. English soccer player Paul Warhurst on Sept. 26 in Stockport. Am. "Orange Is the New Black" writer (bi) Piper Eressea Kerman on Sept. 28 in Boston, Mass.; educated at Smith College; wife (2006-) of Larry Smith (1968-). Am. "Shauni McClain in Baywatch" actress Erika Maya Eleniak on Sept. 29 in Glendale, Calif. Russian hockey player Igor Ulanov on Oct. 1 in Krasnokamsk. Am. actor-TV host Mitch English on Oct. 2 in Covington, Ky. Am. "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", "Don't Speak" singer-fashion designer Gwen Renee (Renée) Stefani (No Doubt) on Oct. 3 in Fullerton, Calif.; founder of the L.A.M.B. and Harjuku Lovers fashion lines; wife (2002-) of Gavin Rossdale (1965-). Malaysian Kelanton sultan (2016-19) (Sunni Muslim) Muhammad V on Oct. 6 in Istana Batu, Kota Bharu; son of Sultan Ismail Petra (1949-); educated at St. Cross College, Oxford U. Am. porno actress Julia Ann (Julia Tavella) on Oct. 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Cpl. Upham in Saving Private Ryan", "Baldur in God of War, "Dickie Bennett in Justified" actor Jeremy Davies (nee Boring) on Oct. 8 in Traverse City, Mich.; of Scottish-Welsh descent; grows up in Kan. English "Down by the Water" singer-songwriter-actress P.J. (Polly Jean) Harvey on Oct. 9 in Corscombe, Dorset. English record producer-songwriter Giles Martin on Oct. 9; son of Sir George Martin (1926-2016); educated at the U. of Manchester. English "12 Years a Slave" dir. (black) Steven Rodney "Steve" McQueen on Oct. 9 in London; of Grenadian descent. Kiwi "Azog the Defiler" actor Jonathan Manu Bennett on Oct. 10 in Rotorua. Am. 6'2" football QB (Green Bay Packers #4, 1992-2007) (Minnesota Vikings #4, 2009-10) Brett Lorenzo Favre on Oct. 10 in Gulfport, Miss.; of French and Choctaw descent; raised in Kiln, Miss.; educated at the U. of Southern Miss. English "Bill Compton in True Blood" actor Stephen Moyer (Stephen John Emery) on Oct. 11 in Brentwood, Essex; husband (2010-) of Anna Paquin (1982-). Am. country musician Martie Maguire (Martha Elenor Erwin) (Dixie Chicks) on Oct. 12 in York, Penn. Am. "If I Ever Fall in Love" R&B singer (black) Garfield A. Bright (Shai) on Oct. 12. Am. "That Ain't My Truck", "Don't Get Me Started" country singer Rhett Akins (Thomas Rhett Akins Sr.) on Oct. 13 in Valdosta, Ga.; father of Thomas Rhett (1990-); educated at the U. of Ga. Am. 5'4" figure skater Nancy Ann Kerrigan on Oct. 13 in Stoneham, Mass.; of English-German-Irish ancestry. Am. "Todd Stities in Suddenly Susan" actor David Gordon Strickland Jr. (d. 1999) on Oct. 14 in Glen Cove, Long Island, N.Y. Japanese "Iron Chef" chef Masahiko Kobe on Oct. 15 in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. English "Theron in 300", "Gen. Titus Flavius Virilus in Centurion", "Det. Jimmy McNulty in The Wire" actor Dominic Gerard Francis Eagleton West on Oct. 15 in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire. Am. singer Wendy Wilson (Wilson Phillips) on Oct. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Beach Boys singer Brian Wilson (1942-). Am. actress Terri J. Vaughn on Oct. 16 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. jazz trumpeter Roy Anthony Hargrove (d. 2018) (RH Factor) on Oct. 16 in Waco, Tex. South African 6'3" golfer ("The Big Easy") Theodore Ernest "Ernie" Els on Oct. 17 in Johannesburg. Am. "Crossing Over" psychic medium John Edward (John Edward McGee Jr.) on Oct. 19 in Glen Cove, N.Y.; Irish-Am. policeman father, Italian-Am. mother; starts out as a phlebotomist and ballroom dancing instructor; "The Biggest Douche in the Universe" (South Park) - if I can make it there, I can make it anywhere? Am. "South Park" co-creator Randolph Severn "Trey" Parker III on Oct. 19 in Conifer, Colo.; collaborator of Matt Stone (1971-); educated at the U. of Colo. Puerto Rican baseball outfielder (Texas Rangers, 1989-99, 2002-3) Juan "Juan Gone" "Igor" Alberto Gonzalez Vazquez on Oct. 20 in Vega Baja. Australian rugby player Laurie Daley on Oct. 20 in Junee, N.S.W. Am. "Jackass: The Movie" "Being John Malkovich", "Where the Wild Things Are", "Adaptation" dir.-producer Spike Jonze (Adam Spiegel) on Oct. 22 in Rockville, Md.; husband (1999-2003) of Sofia Coppola (1971-). Am. "Chasing Life", "Cheating Death" neurosurgeon Sanjay Gupta on Oct. 23 in Novi, MNIch.; educated at the U. of Michy. Canadian "Full Frontal" comedian Samantha Bee on Oct. 25 in Toronto, Ont.; educasted at McGill U., and the U. of Ottawa. Czech hockey player Josef Beranek on Oct. 25 in Litvinov, Czech. Am. musician (black) Benjamin Chase "Ben" Harper (Innocent Criminals) on Oct. 28 in Pomona, Calif.; African-Cherokee descent father, Jewish mother; husband (2005-13) of Laura Dern (1967-). Am. rock musician Douglas Vincent "Doug" "SA" Martinez (311) on Oct. 29 in Omaha, Neb. Am. Repub. atty. Matthew George "Matt" Whitaker on Oct. 29 in Des Moines, Iowa; educated at the U. of Iowa. Am. photographer Clay Enos on Oct. 30 in New York City. Am. rock bassist Reginald "Reggie" "Fieldy" Arvizu (Korn) on Nov. 2 in Bakersfield, Calif.; nicknamed Fieldy for his resemblance to Garfield the Cat. English novelist-journalist Lucy Hawking on Nov. 2; daughter of Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) and 1st wife Jane Hawking; educated at Oxford U. Am. "I'll Be Missing You", "A Raisin in the Sun" rapper-actor (black) Sean John "Diddy" "Puffy Daddy" "P. Diddy" Combs on Nov. 4 in Harlem, N.Y.; raised in Mount Vernon, N.Y.; educated at Howard U.; given the childhood nickname Puff for huffing and puffing when he was angry. Am. "Contact", "Interstellar" actor Matthew David McConaughey on Nov. 4 in Uvalde, Tex.; educated at UTA. Australian Conservative politician Cory Bernardi on Nov. 6 in Adelaide, South Australia; educated at Prince Alfred College. Am. "Melanie Marcus in Queer as Folk" actress-dancer Michelle Clunie on Nov. 7 in Portland, Ore. French classical pianist (Jewish) Helene (Hélène) Grimaud (Grimaldi) on Nov. 7 in Aix-en-Provence; Berber Jewish father, Sephardic Jewish mother. Am. "Existence"poet Bryant H. McGill on Nov. 7 in Mobile, Ala. Am. hall-of-fame bowler (lefty) Jason Couch on Nov. 8 in Clermont, Fla. German soccer player Jens Lehmann on Nov. 10 in Essen. Am. "Dr. Meredith Grey in Grey's Anatomy" actress Ellen Kathleen Pompeo on Nov. 10 in Everett, Mass.; wife (2007-) of Chris Ivery. Am. "Queer Eye for the Straight guy" fashion expert (gay) Carson Lee Kressley on Nov. 11 in Lehigh County, Penn. Am. "The J Curve" political scientist Ian Arthur Bremmer on Nov. 12 in ?; of Armenian and German descent; educated at Tulane U., and Stanford U. Dutch feminist writer-activist-politician (black) (Muslim-turned-atheist) Ayaan Hirsi Ali on Nov. 13 in Mogadishu, Somalia; daughter of Hirsi Magan Isse (1935-2008); emigrates to the Netherlands in 1992; wife (2011-) of Niall Ferguson (1964-). Scottish "King Leonidas in 300", "Mike Banning in Olympus Has Fallen" 6'2" actor (Roman Catholic) Gerard James Butler on Nov. 13 in Paisley, Glasgow; of Irish descent. Am. actress Rachel True on Nov. 15 in New York City. English "Pulling", "Matilda the Musical" writer (Roman Catholic) Dennis Kelly on Nov. 16 in Barnet, London; Irish immigrant family; educated at Goldsmiths College, U. of London. Belgian ping-pong player Jean-Michel Saive on Nov. 17 in Liege. Japanese "Marmalade Boy" seiyu (voice actor) Ryotaro Okiayu on Nov. 17 in Kokura Minami-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture. Am. writer (black) (bi) Rebecca Leventhal Walker on Nov. 17 in Jackson, Miss.; daughter of Alice Walker (1944-) and Mel Leventhal; educated at Yale U. Belgian (Flemish) Social-Dem. politician Kathleen Van Brempt on Nov. 18 in Wilrijk. Am. 6'3" basketball player (black) Samuel James "Sam" Cassell on Nov. 18 in Baltimore, Md. Am. "Barely Breathing" singer-songwriter-composer (Buddhist) Duncan Scott Sheik on Nov. 18 in Montclair, N.J. Am. "Pamela Pam Tucker in The Cosby Show" actress (black) Erika Alexander on Nov. 19 in Winslow, Ariz. Japanese "Symphobient" composer AQi Fzono (AKA Siamese Twin) on Nov. 20 in Kyoto. Belgian artist Christophe Coppens on Nov. 21. Am. hall-of-fame baseball outfielder (black) (lefty) (Seattle Mariners, 1989-99, 2009-10) (Cincinnati Reds, 2000-8) (Chicago White Sox, 2008) George Kenneth "Ken" "The Natural" "The Kid" "Junior" Griffey Jr. on Nov. 21 in Donora, Penn.; son of Ken Griffey Sr. (1950-); in 1989 they become the first father-son pair to play in the ML at the same time. French "Persepolis" novelist-dir. and children's writer (Shiite Muslim) Marjane Satrapi on Nov. 22 in Rasht, Iran; grows up in Tehran. Am. Hillary Clinton advisor Philippe I. Reines on Nov. 25 in New York City; educated at Columbia U. Am. 6'10" basketball power forward (black) (Seattle Supersonics #40, 1989-97) Shawn Travis "Reign Man" Kemp on Nov. 26 in Elkhart, Ind.; educated at Trinity Valley Community College. Am. porno actor-dir. (black) (Baptist?) Lexington "Lex" Steele (Clifton Todd Britt) on Nov. 28 in N.J.; known for his 11-in. "Lex Caliber". Dutch soccer player Petrus Ferdinandus Johannes Stevenson "Pierre" van Hooijdonk on Nov. 29 in Steenbergen. Panamanian-Am. hall-of-fame baseball pitcher (black) (New York Yankees #42, 1995-2013) Mariano "Mo" "Sandman" Rivera on Nov. 29 in Panama City; grows up in Puerto Caimito/ Am. "Shrek The Musical" playwright-screenwriter David Lindsay-Abaire on Nov. 30 in Boston, Mass.; educated at Sarah Lawrence College. Am. "Hollis Holly Partridge Flax in The Office", "Beadie Russell in The Wire", "Lawrie Dayne in Green Zone" actress Amy Ryan on Nov. 30 in Queens, N.Y. Am. "Proving History", "On the Historicity of Jesus" historian (atheist) Richard Cevantis Carrier on Dec. 1; educated at Columbia U. U.S. deputy nat. security advisor (2010-13) and White House chief of staff #26 (2013-) Denis Richard McDonough on Dec. 2 in Stillwater, Minn.; educated at Georgetown U. Am. golfer Paul Francis Stankowski on Dec. 2 in Oxnard, Calif. Dutch economist Richard S.J. Tol on Dec. 2 in Hoorn. Am. comedian Royale Watkins on Dec. 3. Am. "Heartbreaker", "Crazy in Love", "Umbrella" rapper and Def Jam Recordings CEO (black) (Freemason) Jay-Z (Shawn Corey Carter) on Dec. 4 in Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "Hurricane Streets" writer-dir. Morgan J. Freeman on Dec. 5 in Memphis, Tenn. British Conservative politician (Sunni Muslim) Sajid Javid on Dec. 5 in Littleborough, Lancashire; Pakistani immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Exeter. Am. "One Headlight", "6th Avenue Heartache" rock singer-songwriter Jakob Luke Dylan (Wallflowers) on Dec. 9 in New York City; son of Bob Dylan (1941-) and Sara Lowndes Dylan (1939-). Canadian "Cade Foster in First Wave" actor Sebastian Spence on Dec. 9 in St. John's, Newfoundland; son of Michael Cook (1933-94). Indian world chess champ #15 (2007-) Viswanathan Anand on Dec. 11 in Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu; India's first grandmaster (1988). Am. "Beyond the Veil" illustrator Rick Law on Dec. 15. Am. astrophysicist (Jewish) Adam Guy Riess on Dec. 16 in Washington, D.C.; educated at MIT and Harvard U.; 2011 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. martial arts expert Charles David "Chuck the Iceman" Liddell on Dec. 17 in Santa Barbara, Calif. Scottish keyboardist Irvin Duguid (Stiltskin) on Dec. 18. Am. "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actress Kristen Noel "Kristy" Swanson on Dec. 19 in Mission Vallejo, Calif. English "Top Gear" TV host Richard Mark "Hamster" Hammond on Dec. 19 in Solihull, West Midlands. Am. "Dante Hicks in Clerks" actor Brian Christopher O'Halloran on Dec. 20 in Manhattan, N.Y. French "An American Werewolf in Paris", "Before Sunrise" actress-dir.-writer Julie Delpy on Dec. 21 in Paris; educated at NYU. Am. "U-571" actor Jack Noseworthy on Dec. 21 in Lynn, Mass. Am. "Lily Walsh Snyder in As the World Turns" actress-singer Mary Martha Byrne on Dec. 23 in Ridgewood, N.J. British Labour Party politician (Jewish) Edward Samuel "Ed" Miliband on Dec. 24 in London; Polish Jewish immigrant parents; brother of David Miliband (1965-); educated at Oxford U., and London School of Economics. Am. New Teacher Project founder Michelle A. Rhee on Dec. 25 in Ann Arbor, Mich.; raised in Toledo, Ohio; South Korean immigrant parents; educated at Cornell U., and Harvard U.; wife (2010-) of Kevin Johnson (1966-). Scottish "The Architect", "Dunsinane" playwright-dir. David Greig on ? in Edinburgh; grows up in Nigeria; educated at Bristol U. Am. grunge musician Peter Klett (Candlebox) on Dec. 26. Italian physicist Alessandro Strumia on Dec. 26 in ?; educated at the U. of Pisa. Am. "Resurrection Blvd." actor Mauricio Mendoza on Dec. 28 in Davis, Calif. Finnish "Linux" computer programmer Linus Benedict Torvalds on Dec. 28 in Helsinki; named after Linus Pauling and/or Linus in Peanuts; educated at the U. of Helsinki. Am. "Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice" actress Jennifer Anne Ehle on Dec. 29 in Winston-Salem, N.C.; dauther of Am. novelist John Ehle (1925-2018) and English actress Rosemary Harris (1927-). English singer (Jewish) Jason "Jay" Kay (Cheetham) (Jamiroquai) on Dec. 30 in Stretford, Manchester; Portuguese father, Jewish mother. Canadian extreme skier Shane McConkey (d. 2009) on Dec. 30 in Vancouver, B.C. Australian "Stephanie in Flightplan" actress Kate Beehan (Beahan) on Dec. 31 in Perth, West Australia. Am. "Det. Johnny Basil in Oz", "Phillip Broyles in Fringe" actor (black) Lance Reddick on Dec. 31 in Baltimore, Md. Am. "Leviathan Wakes" sci-fi novelist Daniel James Abraham (AKA James S.A. Corey) on Nov. ? in ?; collaborator of Ty Corey Franck. Am. playwright David Auburn on ? in Chicago, Ill. Am. reggae artist (black) Marty Dread (Martin Charles Hennessey) on ? in Bronx, N.Y.; named after MLK Jr. Israeli journalist (Jewish) Caroline Glick on ? in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Columbia U.; emigrates to Israel in 1991. British "Butter Chicken in Ludhiana" novelist (Muslim) Pankaj Mishra on ? in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. Zambian "Winner Take All" economist (black) Dambisa Moyo on ? in ?; raised in Lusaka; educated at Harvard U., Am. U., and St. Anthony's College, Oxford U. Am. comedian (Sunni Muslim) Dean Obeidallah on ? in Lodi, N.J.; Palestinian immigrant father, Sicilian descent mother. Am. Dem. mayor #45 of Denver, Colo. (2011-) (black) Michael B. Hancock on ? in Fort Hood, Tex.; grows up in Denver, Colo.; of Cameroonian descent; educated at Hastings College, and U. of Colo. Denver. Am. ambassador to Israel #19 (2011-) (Jewish) Daniel B. "Dan" Shapiro on ? in Champaign, Ill.; educated at Washington U., Brandeis U., and Harvard U. Am. "The Lions of Lucerne", "The Last Patriot" novelist Brad Thor on ? in Chicago, Ill. Deaths: French Tibetan adventurer-explorer Alexandra David-Neel (b. 1868) on Sept. 8 in Digne-les-Bains, France (age 100). English-born Am. cricketer John Lester (b. 1871) on Sept. 3. British politician-journalist Sir Stanley Reed (b. 1872) on Jan. 17. Am. Holy City cult leader William E. Riker (b. 1873) on Dec. 3. Am. economist Henry Charles Taylor (b. 1873) on Apr. 28 in Washington, D.C. (bone cancer). Am. astronomer Vesto Slipher (b. 1875) on Nov. 8 in Flagstaff, Ariz. Indian Brahma Kumaris founder (1936) Dada Lekhraj (b. 1876) on Jan. 18 in Mount Abu, Rajasthan. Am. liberal Baptist minister Henry Emerson Fosdick (b. 1878) on Oct. 5 in Bronxville, N.Y.: "He who cannot rest, cannot work; he who cannot let go, cannot hold on; he who cannot find footing, cannot go forward." Norwegian bishop Ole Kristian Hallesby (b. 1879) on Nov. 22. Australian artist-writer Norman Lindsay (b. 1879) on Nov. 21 in Sydney. German diplomat-chancellor Franz von Papen (b. 1879) on May 2 in Obersasbach, West Germany. Am. Sears, Roebuck & Co. chmn. (1939-54) Robert Elkington Wood (b. 1879) on Nov. 6; expanded Sears from mail order to retail. Scottish painter Sir William Sir William Russell Flint (d. 1880) in Dec. Am. racehorse trainer Max Hirsch (b. 1880) on Apr. 3 in Hyde Park, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. UMW pres. (1920-60) and CIO co-founder (1935) John L. Lewis (b. 1880) on June 11 in Alexandria, Va. English writer-ed. Leonard Sidney Woolf (b. 1880) on Aug. 14 in Rodmell, Sussex (stroke); hubby of Virginia Woolf (1882-1941). English "Jesus: God, Man or Myth?" freethinker writer Herbert Cutner (b. 1881) on ? in London. German gen. Emil Leeb (b. 1881) on Sept. 8 in Munich. French poet Andre Salmon (b. 1881) on Mar. 12 in Sanary-sur-Mer. Russian-born Am. film exec (Loewes and MGM co-founder) Nicholas M. Schenck (b. 1881) on Mar. 4 in Miami Beach, Fla. (stroke). Soviet pres. (1953-60) marshal Kliment Efremovich Voroshilov (b. 1881) on Dec. 2/3 in Moscow (heart attack). French artist Edouard Leon Cortes (b. 1882). Cuban pres. (1933-4, 1944-8) Dr. San Martin Ramon Grau (b. 1882) on July 28; ousted by Fulgencio Batista in 1934. Swiss-born Am. "Brother Jasper in Combat!", "Powatuma in The Munsters", "Sitting Bull in Branded" actor Felix Locher (b. 1882) on Mar. 13 in Hollywood, Calif. Polish mathematician Waclaw Sierpinski (b. 1882) on Oct. 21 in Warsaw. Norwegian-born Holland Tunnel designer Ole Singstad (b. 1882) on Dec. 8 in New York City. Bulgarian PM (1934-5, 1944-6) Gen. Kimon Georgiev Stoyanov (b. 1882) on Sept. 28 in Sofia. Mystery "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre" novelist B. Traven (b. 1882) on Mar. 26 in Mexico City, Mexico. Swiss conductor Ernest Ansermet (b. 1883) on Feb. 20 in Geneva. Am. poet-ed. Max Forrester Eastman (b. 1883) on Mar. 25 in Bridgetown, Bahamas; roving ed. of "Reader's Digest" since 1941; went from a radical supporter of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s to a vociferous pro-McCarthy anti-Communist. German-born Am. Bauhaus architect Walter Adolf Gropius (b. 1883) on July 5 in Boston, Mass. (heart attack); exiled from Germany since 1934; came to Harvard U. in 1937; designed the Pan Am Bldg. in New York City (with Pietro Belluschi), the U.S. Embassy in Athens, and the U. of Baghdad in Iraq. German philosopher-psychiatrist Karl Jaspers (b. 1883) on Feb. 26 in Basel, Switzerland (stroke). Am. "Gasoline Alley" cartoonist Frank King (b. 1883) on June 24 in Winter Park, Fla. Japanese Aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba (b. 1883) on Apr. 26 in Iwama, Ibaraki. German-born Swiss pianist Wilhelm Backhaus (b. 1884) on July 5 in Villach, Austria; world's #1 interpreter of Beethoven. Am. blacklisted Chicago White Sox pitcher Eddie Cicotte (b. 1884) on May 5 in Farmington, Mich. (cancer). English "Mother and Son", "Pastors and Masters" novelist Dame Ivy Compton-Burnett (b. 1884) on Aug. 27 in London (heart attack). German airplane manufacturer Claude Dornier (b. 1884) on Dec. 5. Venezuelan novelist-statesman Romulo Gallegos (b. 1884) on Apr. 4 in Caracas. Am. theatrical producer Gilbert Heron Miller (b. 1884) on Jan. 2 in New York City. Greek-Danish princess Alice of Battenberg (b. 1885) on Dec. 5 in Buckingham Palace, London; mother of Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh. Austrian-born "New Yorker" co-founder Raoul Herbert Fleischmann (b. 1885) on May 11 in New York City; founded "The New Yorker" with Harold Ross in 1925; dies in his Fifth Ave. apt. Am. "Helldorado" actor Gabby Hayes (b. 1885) on Feb. 9 in Burbank, Calif. (heart attack). Italian-born Am. opera tenor Giovanni Martinelli (b. 1885) on Feb. 2 in New York City. Bengali (Bangladeshi) scholar Muhammad Shahidullah (b. 1885) on July 13 in Dacca. Japanese "Yomiuri Shinbun" pub. Matsutaro Shoriki (b. 1885) on Oct. 9 in Atami, Shizuka (heart attack). Am. "The Sin of Madelon Claudet", "Show Boat" actor Charles Winninger (b. 1885) on Jan. 27 in Palm Springs, Calif. Swedish politician Ture Nerman (b. 1886) on Oct. 7 in Stockholm. German-born Am. glass skyscraper architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (b. 1886) on Aug. 17 in Chicago, Ill.; buried in Graceland Cemetery; designed (with Philip C. Johnson) the Seagram Bldg. in New York City, the Nat. Gallery in West Berlin, and the Federal Bldg. in Chicago. Am. historian Bernadotte Everly Schmitt (b. 1886) on Mar. 23 in Alexandria, Va. Am. ambassador Adm. Raymond Ames Spruance (b. 1886) on Dec. 13 in Pebble Beach, Calif. (arteriosclerosis). British Liberal Party leader Baroness Asquith of Varnbury (b. 1887) on Feb. 19; daughter of British PM Herbert Henry Asquith. English psychologist Sir Frederick C. Bartlett (b. 1887) on Sept. 30 in Cambridge. English Liberal politician Violent Bonham Carter (b. 1887) on Feb. 19 (heart attack). Am. writer-critic Floyd Dell (b. 1887) on July 23 near Washington, D.C. Spanish queen Victoria Eugenie Julia Ena (b. 1887) on Apr. 15; last surviving granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and grandmother of Prince Juan Carlos. Am. conservationist Fairfield Osborn (b. 1887) on Sept. 16 in New York City (heart attack). British-born Am. "Frankenstein" horror film actor Boris Karloff (b. 1887) on Feb. 2 in Midhurst, Sussex (respiratory disease). Am. Stillman's Gym (New York City) owner Lou Stillman (d. 1887) on Aug. 19 in Santa Barbara, Calif. (heart attack); his gym trained 35K+ boxers. Am. baseball player Heinie Zimmerman (b. 1887) on Mar. 14 in New York City. Am. patriarch Joseph Patrick Kennedy (b. 1888) on Nov. 18 in Hyannis Port, Mass.; father of Pres. John F. Kennedy, U.S. atty.-gen. Robert F. Kennedy, and Sen. Edward "Ted" "Chapp My Hide" Kennedy; U.S. ambassador to the Court of St. James (England) 1937-40; chmn. of the SEC and the Federal Maritime Commission; Hollywood producer who had a longtime affair with actress Gloria Swanson: "Never write anything down that you wouldn't want published on the front page of the New York Times." Australian Olympic swimmer Frederick Lane (b. 1888) on May 14. German-born Am. physicist Otto Stern (b. 1888) on Aug. 17 in Berkeley, Calif.; 1943 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. interior decorator Dorothy Draper (b. 1889) on Mar. 11 in Cleveland, Ohio. English Olympic athlete Albert Hill (b. 1889) on Jan. 8 in Canada. Am. Lockheed Corp. founder Allan Haines Loughead (Lockheed) on May 26 in Tucson, Ariz. Indian banker-diplomat Sir Benegal Rama Rau (b. 1889) on Dec. 13. English "Just William" novelist Richmal Crompton (b. 1890) on Jan. 11 in Chislehurst, Bromley, London. Am. N.J. Gov. (1941-44) and U.S. Navy secy. (1939-40) Charles Edison (b. 1890) on July 31; son of Thomas Edison. U.S. pres. #34 (1953-61) (Gen. of the Army, Supreme Allied Commander in Europe) Dwight David Eisenhower (b. 1890) on Mar. 28 (12:35 p.m.) in Washington, D.C. at Walter Reed Hospital (heart failure) (a patient since May 1968): "Neither a wise man nor a brave man lies down on the tracks of history to wait for the train of the future to run over him"; "I hate war as only a soldier who has lived it can, as one who has seen its brutality, its futility, its stupidity"; "Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired, signifies in the final sense a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and not clothed"; "There is nothing wrong with America that the faith, love of freedom, intelligence and energy of her citizens cannot cure"; "Leadership: The art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it." Am. Federal Theatre Project dir. Hallie Flanagan (b. 1890) on July 23 in Old Tappan, N.J. Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player Joe Malone (b. 1890) on May 15 in Montreal (heart attack). Am. "Charlie Chan at the Opera" actress-writer Bess Meredyth (b. 1890) on July 13 in Woodland Hills, Calif. North Vietnamese pres. (since 1954) "Uncle" Ho Chi Minh (b. 1890) on Sept. 2 in Hanoi (heart attack). Am. hillbilly singer and politician W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel (b. 1890) on May 11 in Dallas, Tex. Swiss physicist Paul Scherrer (b. 1890) on Sept. 25 in Zurich. British statesman Sir Harold R.L.G. Alexander, Earl Alexander of Tunis (b. 1891) on June 16 in Slough (heart attack). Am. atty.-writer Thurman Arnold (b. 1891) on Nov. 7 in Alexandria, Va. (heart attack): "Dissent is not sacred; the right of dissent is." German painter Otto Dix (b. 1891) on July 25 in Singen, West Germany. Am. political cartoonist Daniel Robert Fitzpatrick (b. 1891) on May 18 in St. Louis, Mo. (cancer/TB). Am. cryptography pioneer William F. Friedman (b. 1891) on Nov. 12. Am. segregationist leader Leander Henry Perez Sr. (b. 1891) on Mar. 19 in Belle Chasse, La.: "Do you know what the Negro is? Animal right out of the jungle. Passion, welfare, easy life, that's the Negro." Am. "The Lost Weekend", "Sunset Boulevard" screenwriter-producer Charles Brackett (b. 1892) on Mar. 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. English novelist Ivy Compton-Burnett (b. 1892) on Aug. 27 in Kensington, London. Am. Dallas Morning News publisher Edward Musgrove Dealey (b. 1892) on Nov. 27 in Dallas, Tex. (heart attack). Am. jazz musician Pops Foster (b. 1892) on Oct. 29. Am. high-living extrovert golfer Walter Hagen (b. 1892) on Oct. 6 in Traverse City, Mich. (cancer); won 11 majors vs. 18 for Jack Nicklaus and ? for Tiger Woods. Am. "Pity is Not Enough" novelist Josephine Herbst (b. 1892) on Jan. 28 in New York City (lung cancer). Japanese-Am. pathologist Sadao Otani (b. 1892). German chemist Walter Julius Reppe (b. 1892) on July 26 in Heidelberg. English writer-poet Sir Osbert Sitwell (b. 1892) on May 4 in Montagna, Italy (heart attack). British boxer Jimmy Wilde (b. 1892) on Mar. 10 in Whitchurch, Cardiff, Wales. Am. dancer Irene Castle (b. 1893) on Jan. 25 in Peacock Farm, Eureka Springs, Ark. Yugoslav PM (1939-41) Dragisa Cvetkovic (b. 1893) on Feb. 18 in Paris. Am. CIA dir. (1953-61) Allen Welsh Dulles (b. 1893) on Jan. 29 in Washington, D.C. Am. "Spirit of American Style" auto stylist Harley J. Earl (b. 1893) on Apr. 10 in West Palm Beach, Fla. (stroke). Jamaican PM Norman W. Manley (b. 1893) on Sept. 3 in Kingston (heart attack). Am. "Devil and Daniel Webster" composer Douglas Stuart Moore (b. 1893) on July 25 in Greenport, N.Y. (pneumonia). Indian guru Meher Baba (b. 1894) on Jan. 31 in Meherazad, India; quit speaking on July 10, 1925; last words (gestures): "Do not forget that I am God"; "Don't worry, be happy". Irish leader Dan Breen (b. 1894) on Dec. 27 in Dublin. Irish nationalist Robert Briscoe (b. 1894) On Mar. 11 in Dublin. English children's writer Elinor Brent-Dyer (b. 1894) on Sept. 20 in Redhill. Am. "Diga Diga Doo", "I'm in the Mood for Love" songwriter Jimmy McHugh (b. 1894) on May 23 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack); composed 270 songs. Am. journalist Westbrook Pegler (b. 1894) on June 24 in Tucson, Ariz. (stomach cancer): "We grow good people in our small towns, with honesty and sincerity and dignity" (quoted anon. by Sarah Palin in her 2008 Repub. vice-pres. nomination acceptance speech). Austrian-Am. "The Blue Angel" film dir. Josef von Sternberg (b. 1894) on Dec. 22 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Rio Rita" actor John Boles (b. 1895) on Feb. 27 in San Angelo, Tex. (stroke). French novelist Gabriel Chevallier (b. 1895) on Apr. 6. Israeli PM #3 (1963-9) Levi Eshkol (b. 1895) on Feb. 26 in Jerusalem (heart attack). Am. "De Lawd in Green Pastures", "Genie in The Thief of Baghdad" actor Rex Ingram (b. 1895) on Sept. 19 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack). Am. oilman Clint Williams Murchison Sr. (b. 1895) on June 20 in Athens, Tex. (heart attack). Am. columnist Westbrook Pegler (b. 1895) on June 24 in Tucson, Ariz. Am. mural painter Louis Bouche (b. 1896) on Aug. 7. British Gen. Sir Miles Dempsey (b. 1896) on June 6 in Yattindon, Berkshire; commanded the Second Army on D-Day - get it? U.S. Sen. (R-Ill.) (1951-69) (minority leader) Everett Dirksen (b. 1896) on Sept. 7 in Washington, D.C. (pulmonary embolism). Am. musician Wendell Hall (b. 1896) on Apr. 2 in Ala. Swiss-born Am. architect William Lescaze (b. 1896) on Feb. 9 in New York City; designed the Borg-Warner Bldg. in Chicago. Am. Redskins football team owner George Preston Marshall (b. 1896) on Aug. 9. Am. "The Phantom of 42nd Street" actor Alan Mowbray (b. 1896) on Mar. 25 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack). Am. silent film actress Natalie Talmadge (b. 1896). German-born Am. banker James Warburg (b. 1896) on June 3 in Washington, D.C. Am. "Chicago" playwright-journalist Maurine Dallas Watkins (b. 1896) on Aug. 10; leaves a $2.5M estate, which is used to found chairs in Biblical studies at 20 univs. incl. Princeton U.; her estate sells the rights to her 1924 play "Chicago" (which she wouldn't sell during her life since she became a born-again Christian) to Bob Fossee, who produces it in 1975. Am. baseball player Tom Zachary (b. 1896) on Jan. 24 in Burlington, N.C. English journalist Kingsley Martin (b. 1897). Am. columnist Drew Pearson (b. 1897) on Sept. 1 in Washington, D.C. (heart attack). Italian-born Am. Mafia boss Vito Genovese (b. 1898) on Feb. 14 in Springfield, Mo.; dies in a federal prison while serving a 15-year 1958 narcotics smuggling sentence. Am. "An Affair to Remember" film dir. Leo McCarey (b. 1898) on July 5 in Santa Monica, Calif. (emphysema). Lithuanian-born Am. Social Realist painter Ben Shahn (b. 1898) on Mar. 14 in New York City (cancer). Chinese pres. (1959-68) Liu Shaoqi (b. 1898) on Nov. 12; dies in prison from maltreatment. English bandleader Billy Cotton (b. 1899) on Mar. 25 in Wembley, London. Am. Ice Capades founder John A. Harris (b. 1899) on Feb. 12 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Spanish-Am. pianist Amparo Iturbi (b. 1899). Am. "Atlanta Constitution" pub. Ralph McGill (b. 1899) on Feb. 4 (heart attack) in Atlanta, Ga. Pakistani pres. #1 (1956-8) Iskander Mirza (b. 1899) on Nov. 13 in Lonon, England (cardiac arrest). Am. ambassador Carl W. Strom (b. 1899) on Jan. 27. Sudanese PM #1 (1954-6) Ismail al-Azhari (b. 1900) on Aug. 26 in Khartoum (heart attack). Am. writer-critic John Mason Brown (b. 1900) on Mar. 16: "So often we rob tomorrow's memories by today's economies." Italian film dir. Eduardo Cianelli (b. 1900) on Oct. 8 in Rome (cancer). Russian-born hematology founder William Dameshek (b. 1900) on Oct. 6. Am. microbiologist Thomas Francis Jr. (b. 1900) on Oct. 1 in Ann Arbor, Mich. Am. musician George Lewis (b. 1900) on Dec. 31. English humorist Stephen Potter (b. 1900) on Dec. 2 in London. German-Am. "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre" novelist B. Traven (b. 1900) on Mar. 26. French journalist-politician Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie (b. 1900) on June 12 in Paris. Am. Repub. politician Ernest William Gibson Jr. (b. 1901) on Nov. 4 in Brattleboro, Vt. Am. playwright Jack Kirkland (b. 1901) on Feb. 22 in New York City (heart attack). English "A Canterbury Tale" actor Eric Portman (b. 1901) on Dec. 7 in St. Veep, Cornwall (heart attack). Saudi deposed king (1953-64) Saud ibn Abdul Aziz Saud (b. 1901) on Feb. 23 in Athens (heart attack); had been receiving a $10M annual stipend from the U.S. Am. basketball player Chuck Taylor (b. 1901) on June 23 in Port Charlotte, Fla. (heart attack). Am. blues musician Skip James (b. 1902) on Oct. 3 in Philadelphia, Penn. Brazilian pres. (1967-9) Marshal Artur da Costa e Silva (b. 1902) on Dec. 17 in Rio de Janeiro (stroke in Aug.). German sociologist-philosopher-musicologist Theodor W. Adorno (b. 1903) on Aug. 6 in Visp, Switzerland. Russian-born "April in Paris" composer Vernon Duke (b. 1903) on Jan. 16-17 in Santa Monica, Calif. (cancer). British-Canadian gen. Charles Foulkes (b. 1903) on Sept. 12 in Ottawa. Estonian Nazi leader Ain-Ervin Mere (b. 1903) on Apr. 5 in Leicester, England. Am. writer Sylvan Muldoon (b. 1903) in Oct. English physicist Cecil Frank Powell (b. 1903) on Aug. 9 in Valsassina (near Milan), Italy; 1950 Nobel Physics Prize. English "Day of the Triffids" sci-fi writer John Wyndham (b. 1903) on Mar. 11 in London. Polish novelist-dramatist Witold Gombrowicz (b. 1904) on July 24-25 in Vence (near Nice), France (heart attack). Am. writer Frank Gruber (b. 1904) on Dec. 9 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. "Body and Soul" jazz tenor saxophonist Coleman Hawkins (b. 1904) on May 19 in New York City (pneumonia). Am. bandleader Russ Morgan (b. 1904) on Aug. 7 in Las Vegas, Nev. (cerebral hemorrhage). Am. contralto Gladys Swarthout (b. 1904) on July 7 in Florence, Italy. English "A Girl in a Million" actor Hugh Williams (b. 1904) on Dec. 7 in London (throat cancer); dies while appearing in his new comedy "His, Hers and Theirs" at the Apollo Theatre. Am. mystery writer Charlotte Armstrong (b. 1905) on July 18 in Glendale, Calif. German actress-writer Erika Mann (b. 1905) on Aug. 27 in Zurich. Am. "Floyd the Barber in The Andy Griffith Show" actor Howard McNear (b. 1905) on Jan. 3 in San Fernando, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. "All About Eve" actress Thelma Ritter (b. 1905) on Feb. 5 in Queens, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. opera soprano Gladys Swarthout (b. 1905) on July 7 in Florence, Italy. English poet Mary Valentine Ackland (b. 1906). German-born Am. rocket scientist Willie Ley (b. 1906) on June 24 in New York City (heart attack). Am. baseball player-mgr. Robert A. "Red" Rolfe (b. 1906) on July 8. Am. Dixieland jazz clarinetist Charles E. "Pee Wee" Russell (b. 1907) on Feb. 15 in Alexandria, Va. (pancreatitis). Am. Disney film composer Leigh Harline (b. 1907) on Dec. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (throat cancer). Am. "To Tell the Truth", "Beat the Clock" TV show host Bud Collyer (b. 1908) on Sept. 8 in Greenwich, Conn.: "Next time may be your time to beat the clock." English conjoined twin actresses Voilet and Daisy Hilton (b. 1908) on Jan. 4 in Charlotte, N.C. (Hong Kong flu). Am. "One Meat Ball" blues singer Josh White (b. 1908) on Sept. 5 in Manhasset, N.Y. Indian leader C.N. Annadurai (b. 1909) on Feb. 3 in Tamil Nadu (cancer). Am. baseball player-mgr. Pinky Higgins (b. 1909) on Mar. 21 in Dallas, Tex. (heart attack). Mexican pres. (1958-64) Adolfo Lopez Mateos (b. 1909) on Sept. 22 in Mexico City (brain cancer). Indian political leader and journalist C.N. Annadurai (b. 1910) on Feb. 2 in Madras (stomach cancer). Am. musician Spade Cooley (b. 1910) on Nov. 23. Dem. Repub. of Congo pres. (1960-5) Joseph Kasavubu (b. 1910) on Mar. 24 in Boma, Lower Congo. Am. songwriter Frank Loesser (b. 1910) on July 28 in New York City (lung cancer). Belgian Dominican monk Dominique Pire (b. 1910) on Jan. 30 in Leuven; 1958 Nobel Peace Prize. Am. bridge champ (best woman player in the world) Helen Sobel Smith (b. 1910) on Sept. 11; partner of Charles Goren. Am. "Camille", "Death Valley Days" actor Robert Taylor (b. 1911) on June 8 in Santa Monica, Calif. (lung cancer); leaves 70 films and a 112-acre ranch with a 9-bedroom 11,726-sq.-ft. home on Mandeville Rd. in Brentwood, Calif. Am. porcelain bird sculptor Edward Marshall Boehm (b. 1912) on Jan. 29 in Trenton, N.J. (heart attack). Norwegian ice skater Sonja Henie (b. 1912) on Oct. 12 on an ambulance plane en route from Oslo to Paris (leukemia). Italian singer Natalino Otto (b. 1912) on Oct. 4 in Milan; records 2K+ songs. Am. Baskin-Robbins co-founder Burt Baskin (d. 1913) on Dec. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. French Togolese pres. #2 (1963-7) Nicolas Grunitzky (b. 1913) on Sept. 27 in Paris, France (in exile). Scottish-born Am. actress Ella Logan (b. 1913) on May 1 in Burlingame, Calif. (cancer). Scottish "Ring of Bright Water" writer Gavin Maxwell (b. 1914) on Sept. 7 in Inverness (cancer). Am. blues singer-activist Josh White (b. 1914) on Sept. 5 in Manhasset, N.Y. (heart disease). Am. R&B singer Wynonie Harris (b. 1915) on June 14 in Los Angeles, Calif. (esophageal cancer). Am. TV producer Shelby Storck (b. 1916) on Apr. 5 in St. Louis, Mo. (heart attack). Am. "Slip Mahoney in The Bowery Boys" actor Leo Gorcey (b. 1917) on June 2 in Oakland, Calif. Bolivian pres. (since 1964) Rene Barrientos Ortuno (b. 1919) on Apr. 27 in a heli crash. Egyptian gen. Abdul Munim Riad (b. 1919) on Mar. 9 in Suez Canal Zone (KIA). Somalian PM #3 (1960-4) and pres. #2 (1967-9) Abdir Rashid Ali Shermarke (b. 1919) on Oct. 15 in Las Anod (assassinated). Congolese PM (1964-5) Moise Tshombe (b. 1919) on June 29 in Algeria (heart failure). Am. "Tom Sawyer" actress Mitzi Green (b. 1920) on May 24 in Huntington Beach, Calif. (cancer). Mozambican rev. leader Eduardo Mondlane (b. 1920) on Feb. 3 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (assassinated). Am. "Bob Ewell in To Kill a Mockingbird" actor James Anderson (b. 1921) on Sept. 14 in Billings, Mont. (heart attack). Finnish composer Laci Boldemann (b. 1921) on Aug. 18 in Munich, Germany. Am. "It's All in the Game" singer Tommy Edwards (b. 1922) on Oct. 22 in Henrico County, Va. (alcoholism). Am. "Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz" actress-singer Judy Garland (b. 1922) on June 22 in London (OD); found in a locked bathroom in her apt. after 20+ suicide attempts, leaving five hubbies and three children. Am. "On the Road" beat generation writer Jack Kerouac (b. 1922) on Oct. 21 in St. Petersburg, Fla. (gastric hemorrhage) (drinks himself to death?); dies 7 mo. after his friend Neal Cassady. Am. undefeated heavyweight boxing champ (1952-6) ("the Broxton Bomber") Rocky Marciano (b. 1923) on Aug. 31 in a light airplane crash in Newton, Iowa one day before his 46th birthday; 49-0, incl. 43 KOs; in July a state-of-the-art NCR-315 computer is programmed to determine the result of a bout with Muhammad Ali, after which a pay-per-view film is made, showing Marciano KOing the much taller Ali in round 13; other films show the bout going the other way - the future world of manufactured history is around the corner? Bugandan king (1939-69) and pres. (1963-6) Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugenbe Mutebi Luwangula Mutesa II (b. 1924) on Nov. 21 in London (alcoholism). Israeli nuclear physicist Amos de-Shalit (b. 1926) on Sept. 2; dir. (1961-9) of the Weizmann Inst. of Science. Am. "Jesus Christ in King of Kings" "original Capt. Kirk in Star Trek" actor Jeffrey Hunter (b. 1926) on May 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stroke); dies after a concussion from an on-set explosion in Spain on the set of "Viva America!" is compounded by a fall from the steps of his home in Van Nuys, Calif. where he hits his head. German-born British celeb Assia Wevill (b. 1927) on Mar. 23 in London (suicide by putting her head in a gas oven, killing her 4-y.-o. daughter Alexandra Tatiana Elise "Shura"). Am. Nation of Islam leader Clarence 13X (b. 1928) on June 13 in Harlem, N.Y. (murdered). Am. tennis player Maureen "Little Mo" Connolly (b. 1934) on June 21 in Dallas, Tex. (cancer); retired at age 19 in 1955 after a leg injury in a horseback riding accident. Am. musician Magic Sam (b. 1937) on Dec. 12 in Chicago, Ill. (heart attack). Am. novelist John Kennedy Toole (b. 1937) on Mar. 26 near New Orleans, La. (suicide); commits suicide after nobody will pub. his novel A Confederacy of Dunces; after his mother pesters Walker Percy into getting it pub. in 1980, it is awarded a posth. Pulitzer Prize in 1981. Am. celeb victim Mary Jo Kopechne (b. 1940) on July 18 in Edgartown, Mass. (automobile accident). English Rolling Stones founder Brian Jones (b. 1942) on July 2/3 in Cotchford Farm, East Sussex, once owned by A.A. Milne (drowned in swimming pool); accidental death or murder? Am. Folgers Coffee heiress Abigail Folger (b. 1943) on Aug. 8 in Bel Air, Los Angeles, Calif. (murdered). Am. actress Sharon Tate (b. 1943) on Aug. 8 in Bel Air, Los Angeles, Calif. (murdered); her mother Doris Gwendolyn Tate Willett (1924-92) gets the first victim impact statement law passed in Calif. in 1982 to prevent the parole of Tex Watson.
