Richard Nixon of the U.S. (1913-94) Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Union (1906-82) Kent State U., May 4, 1970 Nixon in China, 1972 Watergate Carl Bernstein (1944-) and Bob Woodward (1943-) Pol Pot of Cambodia (1928-98) Idi Amin Dada of Uganda (1925-2003) Munich Olympics 1972 Terrorist

TLW's 1970s Historyscope 1970-1979 C.E.

© Copyright by T.L. Winslow. All Rights Reserved.

All in the Family, 1971-83 'A Clockwork Orange, 1971 Davie Bowie (1947-) as Ziggy Stardust TI-3000, 1971 Intel 4004, 1971 Jane Fonda (1937-) in Hanoi, Aug. 22, 1972 Pioneer 10 Plaque, 1972 Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. of the U.S. (1913-2006) American POWs released in Hanoi, 1973

Gloria Steinem (1934-) Ozzy Osbourne (1948-) Elton John (1947-) Isaac Hayes (1942-2008) Atari Pong, 1972 The Thrilla in Manila, Oct. 1, 1975 Nadia Comaneci of Romania (1961-) Dorothy Hamill of the U.S. (1956-) Bjorn Borg (1956-)

Yitzhak Rabin of Irael (1922-95) Anwar Sadat of Egypt (1918-81) Helmut Schmidt of West Germany (1918-) Valery Giscard d'Estaing of France (1926-) Hua Guofeng of China (1921-) Margaret Thatcher of Britain (1925-) James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter of the U.S. (1924-) Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran (1902-89) Pope John Paul II (1920-2005)

Stephen King (1947-) Carlos the Jackal (1949-) Jimmy Hoffa (1913-75?) Jonestown Guyana, Nov. 18, 1978 Three Mile Island, Mar. 28, 1979 Billy Joel (1949-) Barry Manilow (1943-) Iggy Pop (1947-) 'Every Picture Tells a Story' by Rod Stewart (1945-), 1971

Dolly Parton (1946-) Helen Reddy (1941-) 'Tapestry' by Carole King (1942-), 1971 Carly Simon (1945-) 'Imagine' by John Lennon (1940-80), 1971 Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings Fleetwood Mac Bruce Springsteen (1949-) KISS

Jimmy Buffett (1946-) 'The Wall' by Pink Floyd, 1979 'Happy Days', 1974-84 'The Godfather', starring Marlon Brando (1924-2004) and Al Pacino (1940-), 1972 'Deep Throat' (1972), starring Linda Lovelace (1949-2002) Jimmy Connors (1952-) Pete Rose (1942-) Earvin 'Magic' Johnson (1959-) Larry Bird (1956-)

Rubik's Cube Sid Vicious (1957-79) and Nancy Spungen (1958-78) 'The Exorcist', 1973 Rocky Horror Picture Show, 1975 Alex Haley's 'Roots' TV series, Jan. 23-30, 1977 Star Wars, 1977 'Grease', 1978 'Animal House', 1978 'Alien', 1979

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

The 1970s (1970-1979 C.E.)



The Lucky Seven Seventies, Does It Bring a Flood of Memories to Ya Seventiesmaniacs? The Shake It to the Left, Shake It to the Right Bee Gees I Just Kissed Al Pacino Rocky Kent State Pol Pot Massacre No More Smallpox Try AIDS I'm Not Going to Be Home Tonight Saturday Night Live Massacre Fever Me Decade? The Only Nixon Can Visit China Decade? The Women's Lib L Word Coming Out J.R. Ewing Mork and Mindy Decade? A good decade to be an Arab sheik, be born to join al-Qaida, or have a Hokey Pokey secretary named Woods?

The Baby Boomers who left their parents and went hippie in the 1960s, grew long hair, smoked dope, and practiced free heterosexual love and experimented with Eastern mysticism get real, watching the once Jesus-eclipsing Beatles turn 30, get rich, break up and sell out to the killer rat race system, staying straight and getting married, leaving them with little but memorabilia and bills and the need for a job in the country that expects them to inherit the leadership of the Free World after they spent their lives trying to prove it isn't worth defending?

Just as the U.S. has about won the Vietnam War, a Democratic Congress begins cutting aid to South Vietnam, leaving it helpless by 1974?

But first one last little job, King Richard Nixon, who straddles the old WWII generation and the new Baby Boomer generation like a colossus at first, but proves to have feet of cellulose acetate tape, and turns into Humpty Dumpty after Vietnam War protesters have their last big hurrah when the U.S. invades Cambodia, causing massive student protests, and some weekend soldiers make a mistake of shooting sacred cow draft-dodging college students, making holy martyrs for the anti-Nixon cause, after which all he has to do is make one mistake and he's history? After his fall, the wiseup-smartass G.I. Bill rewards the Vietnam vets with college too, and the campuses finally settle down into job preparation factories with the corporate octopus waiting to absorb them on the conveyor belt, a fate far worse ultimately than a tour of duty in Vietnam?

Having dethroned a king, the Boomers are further appeased by the U.S. government's passing of all kinds of new benevolent legislation while letting them continue to smoke grass and party, view porno, buy contraceptives and have abortions, as long as they keep their jobs and show up sober to work for Ewing Oil? Too bad, the booming boomers get their first taste of what's to come when they go to the gasoline pumps and find block-long lines?

Exeunt drugged-out Janis Joplin (1943-70), Jimmy Hendrix (1942-70) and Jim Morrison (1943-71), and enter tamer Billy Joel (1949-), looking for an uptown girl, and Elton John (1947-), still hiding in the closet until 1976? Pop culture, suffering the loss of many rock gods to drugs abuse sinks into a funky rock period, country music rock, then a disco craze for the "me too" hippie-nots, accompanied by polyester suits, ugly shoddily-built cars, TV shows and movies, and interior decorations heavy on ugly browns and greens, complete with shag carpets that are fun to have sex on but hard to clean? The dark side of rock also begins to take off in the light?

A decade marked by a rash of major earthquakes, floods, storms, airplane and train accidents, etc., producing a flood of clean-cut, conservatively-dressed 1950s retro Jehovah's Witnesses door-knockers, the real knights who say Ni, who are ever ready to remind you of them while emphatically predicting that this is the last decade of the Satanic system and Armageddon is nigh, only to face their own shakeup in the 1980s? Meanwhile Great Satan U.S. raises the Twin Horns of its World Trade Center in New York City, flaunting its arrogance, to its later dismay?

Who-wants-to-live-forever Northern Ireland graduates from riots to terrorist bombings by the IRA and UDA as Catholics and Protestants alike stink themselves up for the undying love of Christ? Meanwhile insignificant far-away little carpet-making Afghanistan becomes the butterfly who flaps its wings and causes the U.S. to catch on fire?

The last decade when promiscuous sex isn't potentially lethal, during which the sexual revolution reaches Sodom and Gomorrah levels in parts of the Western world, resulting in the get-real HIV/AIDS epidemic by the end? Too bad, the porno has so much glorified oral sex that the gender of the mouth and the gender of the organ become optional to more and more, as does straight sex?

The Genomics Era begins?

Country Leader From To
United States of America Richard Nixon (1913-1994) Jan. 20, 1969 Aug. 9, 1974 Richard Nixon of the U.S. (1913-94)
United Kingdom Harold Wilson (1916-95) Oct. 16, 1964 June 19, 1970 Harold Wilson of Britain (1916-95)
United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II (1926-) Feb. 6, 1952 Elizabeth II of Britain (1926-)
Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev (1906-82) Oct. 14, 1964 Nov. 10, 1982 Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Union (1906-82)
People's Republic of China Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) (1893-1976) 1943 Sept. 9, 1976 Mao Tse-tung of China (1893-1976)
India Indira Gandhi (1917-84) Jan. 24, 1966 Mar. 24, 1977 Indira Gandhi of India (1917-84)
Canada Pierre Elliott Trudeau (1919-2000) Apr. 20, 1968 June 4, 1979 Pierre Elliott Trudeau of Canada (1919-2000)
France Georges Pompidou (1911-74) June 15, 1969 Apr. 2, 1974 Georges Pompidou of France (1911-74)
West Germany Willy Brandt (1913-92) Oct. 21, 1969 May 7, 1974 Willy Brandt of West Germany (1913-92)
East Germany Walter Ulbricht (1893-1973) Sept. 12, 1960 Aug. 1, 1973 Walter Ulbricht of East Germany (1893-1973)
Romania Nicolae Ceausescu (1918-89) Mar. 22, 1965 Dec. 22, 1989 Nicolae Ceausescu of Romania (1918-89)
Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito (1892-1980) Nov. 29, 1945 May 4, 1980 Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia (1892-1980)
Spain Francisco Franco (1892-1975) Apr. 1, 1939 Nov. 20, 1975 Francisco Franco of Spain (1892-1975)
Philippines Ferdinand Marcos (1917-89) Dec. 30, 1965 Feb. 25, 1986 Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines (1917-89)
Mexico Gustavo Diaz Ordaz (1911-79) Dec. 1, 1964 Nov. 30, 1970 Gustavo Diaz Ordaz of Mexico (1911-79)
Nicaragua Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1925-80) May 1, 1967 July 17, 1979 Anastasio Somoza Debayle of Nicaragua (1925-80)
Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-70) Jan. 16, 1956 Sept. 28, 1970 Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt (1918-70)
Iran Mohammed Shah Pahlavi II (1919-80) Sept. 16, 1944 Feb. 11, 1979 Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi II of Iran (1919-80)
Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (1914-82) July 17, 1968 July 16, 1979 Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (1914-82)
Israel Golda Meir (1898-1978) Mar. 17, 1969 June 3, 1974 Golda Meir of Israel (1898-1978)
Papacy Pope Paul VI (1897-78) June 21, 1963 Aug. 6, 1978 Pope Paul VI (1897-78)
U.N. U Thant of Burma (1909-74) Jan. 1, 1962 Dec. 31, 1971 U Thant of Burma (1909-74)



1970 - The Beatles Breakup Four Dead in Ohio Unlucky Apollo 13 Year of the Cameras, Feminists, and Environmentalists? President Nixon tries to pull the U.S. out of Vietnam but is checkmated by Communist takeover of Cambodia, causing him to send in U.S. troops and turn the college students against him, which goes over the deep end at Kent State, but never fear, he sends Henry K-for-Kosher Kissinger in to shake hands with a North Vietnamese Commie for the cameras after a few secret rounds of ass-kissinger? The U.S. public turns against the Vietnam War, and quits trusting the government, which obliges by proving it's run by a crook? Speaking of, er, women's libbers try to make this their decade after getting off to a slow start in the 1960s, only to face, er, run up against the lezzie coming-out issue and self-destruct by Valentine's Day? Speaking of snatches, er, cameras, the pissed-off Palestinians watch the Apollo 13 show and finally figure it out and begin snatching hostages and calling for their own cameras?

Beatles Breakup, Apr. 10, 1970 Mary Ann Vecchio (1956-) Kneeling over Jeff Miller (1950-70) at Kent State U., May 4, 1970 Kent State Martyrs Greenwich Village Townhouse Explosion, Mar. 6, 1970) Henry Alfred Kissinger of the U.S. (1923-) Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia (1922-) Lon Nol of Cambodia (1913-85) Nimbus 4, 1970 Apollo 13 Apollo 13 Crew, 1970 Apollo 13 Crew, 1970 Ken Mattingly of the U.S. (1936-) Sir Edward Heath of Britain (1916-2005) Anwar Sadat of Egypt (1918-81) Louis Gossett Jr. (1936-) Yasser Arafat of Palestine (1929-2004) Hussein I bin Talal of Jordan (1935-99) Hafez al-Assad of Syria (1930-2000) Leila Khaled (1944-) Dawson's Field, Jordan, Sept. 12, 1970 Benjamin Mendoza y Amor Flores (1935-), Nov. 27, 1970 Gen. Philip Effiong of Biafra (1925-2003) David K.E. Bruce of the U.S. (1898-1977) Joseph A. Yablonski (1910-70) Dr. Jeffrey Robert MacDonald (1943-) Phillip Lafayette Gibbs (1948-70) James Earl Green (1952-70) William Warren Scranton of the U.S. (1917-) Harry Andrew Blackmun of the U.S. (1908-99) Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. of the U.S. (1902-85) Abraham Alexander Ribicoff of the U.S. (1919-98) Winton Malcolm Blount Jr. of the U.S. (1921-2002) Bruno Kreisky of Austria (1911-90) Robert Bourassa of Canada (1933-96) Salvador Allende of Chile (1908-73) Luis Echeverria Álvarez of Mexico (1922-) Jose Figueres Ferrer of Costa Rica (1906-90) Col. Manuel Carlos Arana Osorio of Guatemala (1918-2003) Lubomir Strougal of Czechoslovakia (1924-) Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan of Pakistan (1919-80) Col. Muammar al-Gaddafi of Libya (1942-2011) Qaboos bin Said Al Said of Oman (1940-) Sultan Abdul Halim Muazzam of Malaysia (1927-) Abdul Razak of Malaysia (1922-76) Suleiman Frangieh (Sulayman Faranjiyya) of Lebanon (1910-92) Emilio Colombo of Italy (1920-) Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya (1897-1978) Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia (1922-2012) Arthur Raymond Chung of Guyana (1918-2008) British Guiana 1 Cent Magenta Stamp, 1856 Paul-Emile de Souza of Benin (1931-99) Justin Ahomadegbé-Tometin of Benin (1917-2002) Hubert Maga of Benin (1916-2000) Marcellin Joseph Apithy of Benin (1913-89) Son Ngoc Thanh of Cambodia (1908-77) Edward Gierek of Poland (1913-2001) Gen. Piotr Jaroszewicz of Poland (1909-82) G. Harrold Carswell of the U.S. (1919-92) William Doyle Ruckelshaus of the U.S. (1932-) Walter Joseph Hickel of the U.S. (1919-) Rev. Robert Frederick Drinan (1920-2007) Bernadette Devlin of Northern Ireland (1947-) Dan Mitrione of the U.S. (1920-70) Ronald Louis Ziegler of the U.S. (1939-2003) James Richard Cross of Britain (1921-) Pierre Laporte of Quebec (1921-70) Pierre Valličres of Quebec (1938-98) Lawrence Francis O'Brien Jr. (1917-90) Leonard Freed Woodcock (1911-2001) U.S. Army Capt. Ernest Medina (1936-) Kenneth Allen Gibson of the U.S. (1932-) Gen. Juan Jose Torres Gonzalez of Bolivia (1920-76) Clifford Walter Dupont of Rhodesia (1905-78) Misael Pastrana Borrero of Colombia (1923-97) Sir Dawda K. Jawara of Gambia (1924-) Saudi Prince Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz (1933-) Hedi Amira Nouira of Tunisia (1911-93) Habib Bourguiba of Tunisia (1903-2000) Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. of the U.S. (1922-) J. William Fulbright of the U.S. (1905-95) Donald Milford Payne of the U.S. (1934-) William Orville Douglas of the U.S. (1898-1980) Allard Kenneth Lowenstein of the U.S. (1929-80) Franco Maria Malfatti of Italy (1927-91) Marcello Caetano of Portugal (1906-80) Alexander Dubcek of Czechoslavakia (1921-92) Andriyan Nikolaev of the Soviet Union (1929-2004) Vitaly Sevastyanov of the Soviet Union (1935-) Bashir Maan of Scotland (1926-) Mikis Theodorakis (1925-) Joseph Fielding Smith Jr. (1876-1972) John William Gardner (1912-2002 Kingman Brewster Jr. (1919-88) Daniel Patrick Moynihan of the U.S. (1927-2003) Moon Landrieu of the U.S. (1930-) Pat Nixon of the U.S. (1912-93) Betty Friedan (1921-2006) Gloria Steinem (1934-) Bella Abzug of the U.S. (1920-98) Kate Millett (1934-) Shirley Chisholm of the U.S. (1924-2005) Letty Cottin Pogrebin (1939-) Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-77) Rita Mae Brown (1944-) Germaine Greer (1939-) Arthur Janov (1924-) William Masters (1915-2001) and Virginia Johnson (1925-) Elizabeth Alvina Platz Barbara Louise Andrews Maggie Kuhn (1905-95) Robin Morgan (1941-) 'Sisterhood is Powerful' by Robin Morgan (1941-), 1970 Elvis Presley and Richard Nixon, Dec. 21, 1970 'McSorleys Bar' by John Sloan (1871-1951), 1912 Fred Silverman (1937-) Cesar Chavez (1927-93) Jimmy Breslin (1930-) Jimmy the Gent Burke (1931-96) Paul Vario (1914-88) Israel Shahak (1933-2001) Keith Stroup (1943-) Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1890-1998) Angela Davis (1944-) George Lester Jackson (1941-71) Fleeta Drumgo and John Clutchette Sterling Hall, Aug. 24, 1970 Karleton Armstrong (1953-) Richard Anderson Falk (1930-) Kienast Quintuplets, 1970 Jennifer Josephine Hosten (1953-) Sir Leo Victor de Gale of Grenada (1921-86) Sir Eric Matthew Gairy of Grenada (1922-97) Julia Morley (1941-) Yosef Mendelevitch (1947-) Swami Muktananda (1908-72) Casey Kasem (1932-2014) Ada Louise Huxtable (1921-) Archibald MacLeish (1892-1982) Robertson Davies (1913-95) Bud Grant (1927-) William Matthews (1942-) W.S. Merwin (1927-) Len Dawson (1935-) Hank Stram (1923-2005) Tim McKernan 'The Barrel Man' (1940-2009) Austin Carr (1948-) LaRue Martin (1950-) Bill Walton (1952-) Roone Arledge (1931-2002) Howard Cosell (1918-95) 'Monday Night Football', 1970- Tom Dempsey (1947-), Nov. 8, 1970 Red Holzman (1920-98) Walt Frazier (1945-) Willis Reed Jr. (1942-) Bobby Orr (1948-), May 10, 1970 Willie Shoemaker (1931-2003) Jim Bouton (1939-2019) Brooks Robinson Jr. (1937-) Heidi/Andreas Krieger (1966-) Billy Kidd of the U.S. (1943-) Karl Jochen Rindt (1942-70) Natalia Makarova (1940-) Joe Frazier (1944-2011) Jimmy Ellis (1940-) Billy Casper (1931-2015) Jack Nicklaus (1940-) Tony Jacklin (1944-) Pete Hamilton (1942-) Al Unser Sr. (1939-) Ken Rosewall (1934-) Jan Kodes (1946-) Margaret Smith Court (1942-) Bob Lanier (1948-) Dave Cowens (1948-) Nate Archibald (1948-) Marty Blake (1927-) Gary Muhrcke (1940-) Don Whillans (1933-85) Dougal Haston (1940-77) Johnny Moss (1907-95) Al Davis (1929-2011) Don Johnson (1940-2003) Gaylord Anton Nelson of the U.S. (1916-2005) John McConnell (1915-2012) Denis Hayes (1944-) William Wayne Justice of the U.S. (1920-2009) David Ruiz (1942-2005) Denis Hayes (1944-) Issey Miyake (1938-) Issey Miyake Example George Arthur Akerlof (1940-) Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008) Norman Ernest Borlaug (1914-2009) Bikram Choudhury (1946-) Paul Jozef Crutzen (1933-) Stephen Gaskin (1935-) Har Gobind Khorana (1922-2011) Robert Distler Maurer (1924-), Donald Bruce Keck (1941-), and Peter Charles Schultz (1942-) Edward Lazear (1948-) Bengt Holmström (1949-) Hamilton Othanel Smith (1931-) Daniel Nathans (1928-99) Werner Arber (1929-) Yoichiro Nambu (1921-) Susumu Ohno (1928-2000) Leonard Susskind (1940-) Holger Bech Nielsen (1941-) Martin Rodbell (1925-98) Alfred Goodman Gilman (1941-) John Ernest Walker (1941-) Paul Delos Boyer (1918-) Howard Martin Temin (1934-94) David L. Baltimore (1938-) Renato Dulbecco (1914-2012) Vera Cooper Rubin (1928-) Norman Ernest Borlaug (1914-2009) Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) Hannes Alfven (1908-95) Louis Neel (1904-2000) Luis Federico Leloir (1906-87) Julius Axelrod (1912-2004) Ulf Svante von Euler (1905-83) Sir Bernard Katz (1911-2003) Arthur Melvin Okun (1928-80) Paul Anthony Samuelson (1915-2009) Amartya Sen (1933-) Vitaly Efimov Gene Amdahl (1922-2015) Edgar Frank Codd (1923-2003) Louis Rukeyser (1933-2006) Garrick Ohlsson (1948-) Robert Joseph White (1926-2010) Yuri Matiyasevich (1947-) Niklaus Wirth (1934-) Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (1914-87) Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) Edward Hance Shortliffe (1947-) Jean-Francois Borel (1933-) Jean Seberg (1938-79) Jean Seberg (1938-79) and Romain Gary (1914-80) Ingo Swann (1933-2013) Dale E. Graff Mircea Eliade (1907-86) Emil Ludwig Fackenheim (1916-2003) Anthony Grey (1938-) Amiri Baraka (1934-2014) Donald Barthelme (1931-89) Frederick Barthelme (1943-) Richard Nelson Bolles (1927-) Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93) John Braine (1922-86) Timothy H. Breen (1942-) Harry Browne (1933-2006) James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014) Hortense Calisher (1911-2009) Andrei Codrescu (1946-) Pat Conroy (1945-2016) Joan Didion (1934-2021) James Dobson (1936-) Edward Dorn (1929-99) Mona Van Duyn (1921-2004) Mari Evans (1923-) George Fetherling (1949-) David Hacket Fischer (1935-) Diane von Fürstenberg (1946-) Diane von Fürstenberg Example Vera Wang (1949-) Vera Wang Example Nikki Giovanni (1943-) Gail Godwin (1936-) Lois Gould (1932-2002) Christopher Hampton (1946-) Peter Handke (1942-) David Hare (1947-) Michael S. Harper (1938-) Jim Harrison (1937-2016) Robert Hayden (1913-80) Patricia Highsmith (1921-95) Tony Hillerman (1925-2008) Russell Hoban (1925-) Sidney Hook (1902-89) Florence Howe (1929-) Irving Howe (1920-93) Tina Howe (1937-) Paul Huson (1942-) Elizabeth Jennings (1926-2001) Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81) Uwe Johnson (1934-84) Ismail Kadare (1936-) Patrick Kavanagh (1904-67) Etheridge Knight (1931-91) Maxine Kumin (1925-2014) Hal Lindsey (1929-) 'The Late Great Planet Earth' by Hal Lindsy (1929-), 1970 Audre Lorde (1934-92) Mary McCarthy (1912-89) Rod McKuen (1933-2015) Ainslie Meares (1910-86) William Meredith Jr. (1919-2007) Yukio Mishima (1925-70), Nov. 25, 1970 Toni Morrison (1931-2019) Albert Murray (1916-2013) Alwin Nikolais (1910-93) Larry Niven (1938-) Joyce Carol Oates (1938-) Edna O'Brien (1930-) Edith Pargeter (1913-95) Stanley Plumly (1939-) Hugh Porter (1940-) Reynolds Price (1933-) Wade Rathke (1948-) Jane Roberts (1929-84) William Lewis Safire (1929-2009) Ezra Pound (1885-1972) Terence Rattigan (1911-77) Charles A. Reich (1928-) Luis Omar Salinas (1937-2008) Sonia Sanchez (1934-) Jose Saramago (1922-2010) Anthony Shaffer (1926-2001) Sam Shepard (1943-) Irwin Shaw (1913-84) Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91) Dave Smith (1942-) Maggie Smith (1934-) Gary Snyder (1930-) Tom Stoppard (1937-) Mark Strand (1934-) May Swenson (1913-89) Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (1893-1986) James Tate (1943-) Telford Taylor (1908-98) Earl Thompson (1931-78) Lawrance Roger Thompson (1906-73) Alvin Toffler (1928-2016) John Toland (1912-2004) Michel Tournier (1924-) Anne Tyler (1941-) Barry Unsworth (1930-2012) Leon Uris (1924-2003) Peter de Vries (1910-93) Alice Walker (1944-) Jeremiah Tower (1942-) Jonathan Waxman (1950-) Margaret Walker (1915-98) Alec Waugh (1898-1981) Benjamin J. Wattenberg (1933-) Eudora Welty (1909-2001) Harold Weisberg (1914-2002) Patrick White (1912-90) Dave Wilkerson (1931-2011) Tennessee Williams (1911-83) Lanford Wilson (1937-) Tom Wolfe (1930-2018) Charles Wright (1935-) Gil Scott-Heron (1949-2011) Dee Alexander Brown (1908-2002) 'Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee' by Dee Alexander Brown (1908-2002), 1970 Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-) Howard Moss (1922-87) 'The Paper Chase' by John Jay Osborn Jr. (1945-), 1970 Diana Oughton (1942-70) Kathy Boudin (1943-) Cathy Wilkerson (1945-) Lawrence Sanders (1920-98) C.Y. Tung (1912-82) Linus Carl Pauling (1901-94) Paul Orfalea (1947-) Sir Kenneth MacMillan (1929-92) Gunther Schuller (1925-) John Hamilton Adams (1936-) Richard E. Ayres John E. Bryson (1943-) Gus Speth (1942-) Edward L. Strohbehn Jr. Ralph Steadman (1936-) Hunter S. Thompson (1937-2005) Garry Wills (1934-) Charles Wuorinen (1938-) Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-) Tim Rice (1944-) Douglas C. Kenney (1947-80) Robert K. Hoffman (1947-20060 National Lampoon, 1970-98 Gerald Arpino (1923-2008) Burt Bacharach (1928-) Black Sabbath Ozzy Osbourne (1948-) Bread Johnny Cash (1932-2003) Alice Cooper (1948-) 'Cosmos Factory' by Creedence Clearwater Revival, 1970 Nick Drake (1948-74) Jose Feliciano (1945-) Carlisle Floyd (1926-) The Five Stairsteps 'Let It Be' by the Beatles, 1970 'All Things Must Pass' by George Harrison (1943-2001), 1970 Jimi Hendrix (1942-70) and Monika Dannemann (1946-96) The Jackson 5 'ABC Album' by The Jackson 5, 1970 Badfinger Bill Blass (1922-2002) The Moody Blues John Lennon (1940-80) and May Pang (1950-) Alan Wilson (1943-70) Jimi Hendrix (1942-70) Janis Joplin (1943-70) Elton John (1947-) Linda Ronstadt (1946-) The Band The Carpenters Joe Cocker (1944-2014) Bob Dylan (1941-) Captain Beefheart (1941-) Brewer and Shipley Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Kenny Rogers (1938-) and the First Edition Rita Coolidge (1945-) Neil Diamond (1941-) Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-) Blues Image Edison Lighthouse Mungo Jerry Mountain Redbone Seatrain Status Quo Sugarloaf Uriah Heep Uriah Heep debut album, 1970 Alive N Kickin' Bobby Bloom (1945-) Focus Free Funkadelic Humble Pie 'Humble Pie', 1970 Kraftwerk Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips Kris Kristofferson (1936-) Gordon Lightfoot (1938-) The Guess Who Steve Miller Band Joni Mitchell (1943-) Van Morrison (1945-) Phil Ochs (1940-76) Tony Orlando (1944-) and Dawn Pinkpop Festival, 1970- The Pipkins Melanie Safka (1947-) Shocking Blue Tangerine Dream Richard Dean Taylor (1939-) Hot Tuna Santana 'Abraxas' by Santana, 1970 Grand Funk Railroad Seals and Crofts Supertramp Three Dog Night Led Zeppelin 'Led Zeppelin III', 1970 Deep Purple 'Deep Purple in Rock', 1970 The Allman Brothers Band King Crimson Gypsy Edwin Starr (1942-2003) Cat Stevens (1948-) Eric Clapton (1945-) George Harrison (1943-2001) and Pattie Boyd (1944-) Ian Dallas (1930-) The James Gang The Kinks Loretta Lynn (1932-) Abdalqadir as-Sufi (1930-) Ray Stevens (1939-) James Taylor (1948-) Jethro Tull Diana Ross (1944-) Jean Terrell (1944-) Ocean War Fela Kuti (1938-97) Frederica von Stade (1945-) Kiri Te Kanawa (1944-) Lois McDonall (1939-) Judith Blegen (1941-) Marilyn Horne (1934-) Mo Siegel (1951-) Woodsy Owl Elliott Gould (1938-) 'Arnie', 1970-2 'Evening at Pops', 1970-2005 'Paris Is Out!', 1970 'NBC Nightly News', 1970- Susan Lucci (1946-) David Hoyt Canary (1983-) Agnes Nixon (1927-) 'The Flip Wilson Show', 1970-4 'The Odd Couple', 1970-5 'The Partridge Family', 1970-4 'The Mary Tyler Moore Show', 1970-77 'Somerset', 1970-6 'UFO', 1970-1 'Santa Claus Is Coming to Town', 1970 Charles Gordone (1925-95) 'Childs Play', 1970 'Applause', 1970 'The Aristocats', 1970 'Company', 1970 'The Dunwich Horror', 1970 'The Me Nobody Knows', 1971 'Purlie', 1970 'The Rothschilds', 1970 'Sleuth', 1970 'Two by Two', 1970 Donald John Trump (1946-) Sonny Curtis (1937-) 'Andy Warhol' by Alice Neel (1900-84), 1970 'Tanfastic Dark-Tanning' by Larry Rivers (1923-2002), 1970) 'Popcorn' by Larry Rivers (1923-2002), 1970 Jehovah's Witnesses in action '1970 Whole Earth Week Poster' by Peter Max, 1970 'The Jackson 5ive', 1971-2 'Josie and the Pussycats', 1970-1 Josie and the Pussycats 'Nanny and the Professor', 1970-1 'Up Pompeii', starring Frankie Howerd (1917-92), 1970-5 'Airport', 1970 'Catch-22', 1970 'Five Easy Pieces' starring Jack Nicholson (1937-), 1970 'Julius Caesar', 1970 Robert Downey Jr. (1965-) Don Johnson (1949-) James Dickey (1923-97) 'Deliverance' by James Dickey (1923-97), 1970 'Hercules in New York' starring Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-), 1970 Erich Segal (1937-2010) 'Love Story' by Erich Segal 'Love Story' starring Ryan O'Neal (1941-) and Ali MacGraw (1938-), 1970 Tommy Lee Jones (1946-) 'Patton', 1970 'Performance', 1970 'The Railway Children', 1970 'Ryans Daughter', 1970 'Tora! Tora! Tora!', 1970 'Two Mules for Sister Sara', 1970 Maurice Sendak (1928-) 'In the Night Kitchen' Maurice Sendak (1928-), 1970 John Jay Osborn Jr. (1945-) Barbara Loden (1932-80) Garry Trudeau (1948-) Doonesbury Example Richard Bach (1936-) 'Jonathan Livingston Seagull' by Richard Bach, 1970 Romare Bearden (1911-88) 'The Calabash' by Romare Bearden (1911-88), 1970 Philip Guston (1913-80) 'Courtroom' by Philip Guston (1913-80), 1970 Horst Tappe (1938-2005) 'Vladimir Nabokov' by Horst Tappe, 1970 Recycling Symbol, 1970 Patrick Eugene Haggerty (1914-80) Pocketronic, 1970 Yutaka Katayama (1909-) Dale Ishimoto (1923-2004) Datsun 240Z, 1970 Grumman F-14 Tomcat, 1970 Venera 7, 1970 John Marco Allegro (1923-88) 'The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross' by John Marco Allegro (1923-88), 1970 Alex Katz (1927-) 'Son Vincent with Open Mouth', by Alex Katz (1927-) Roberto Matta (1911-2002) 'MAgriTTA Chair' by Roberto Matta (1911-2002), 1970 Robert Smithson (1938-73) 'Spiral Jetty' by Robert Smithson (1938-73), 1970 Xerox Alto Computer, 1973 NERF Ball, 1970 Cecil Burke Day (1934-78) Days Inn, 1970 'Riverfront Stadium, 1970 Three Rivers Stadium, 1970 Intourist Hotel, Moscow, 1970 Keller Fountain Park, 1970 Minoru Yamasaki (1912-86) World Trade Center (WTC), 1973

1970 Doomsday Clock: 10 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Dog (Feb. 6). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Willy Brandt (1913-92). The U.N. estimates world pop. at 3.6B (vs. 3B in 1960), increasing by 1.4M per week; People's Repub. of China: 760M; India: 550M; Soviet Union: 243M; East Asia incl. Japan: 930M; South Asia: 1.13B; Europe: 462M; Africa: 344M; Latin Am.: 283M; North Am.: 228M; Oceania: 19M. Pop. densities: China 305 per sq. mi; India 655; Japan 1,083. In this decade Chinese fertility rates drop from 5.9 to 2.1 children per woman. The Nineteenth (19th) U.S. Census reports the total pop. as 203,302,031 in a land area of 3,540,023 (57.4 per sq. mi.) (the 4th time that the U.S. land area is less than in a prior census); white pop. is 87.6%, and the Census now categorizes people as "White, Negro or Black, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, American Indian, Hawaiian, Korean and other"; the ratio of men to women is 94.8%, lowest ever; the state of Oklahoma is 89.1% white, beginning a downward slide to 82.1% in 1990, 76.2% in 2000, and 72.0% in 2010; two or more races rises from 4.5% in 2000 to 6.0% in 2010. In this decade the Mexican Baby Boom begins, doubling its pop. by the end of the cent. U.S. GNP: $977B ($503B in 1960); govt. spending: 32% (27% in 1960). U.S. oil consumption: 17M barrels/day; U.S. domestic output: 10M barrels/day; top U.S. oil importers: Venezuela, Canada; U.S. oil production peaks this year, sliding to 5.7M barrels/day in 2005; oil production (M barrels/day): Saudi Arabia 6.5M, Iran: 5M, Kuwait: 3M, Libya: 2.2M, Abu Dhabi, 1.2M, Iraq: 1.1M, Qatar: 550K, Oman: 300K. This year 25.5M live below the poverty line ($3,908 per year for a family of four) in the U.S., with another 10.2M only slightly above; almost half live in the Am. South. Japanese women make 53.9% as much as men, French women 86.7%, Australian women 80.1%, Danish women 77%, West German women 69.9%, Swiss women 63.3%, British women 60.7%; in the U.S. women make a median of $5,323 per year, vs. $8,966 for men (59.4% as much as men, vs. 63.9% in 1955), and represent 7% of the doctors and 3% of the lawyers; Good Housekeeping's "Ten Most Admired Women" are identified only by their husbands' names; meanwhile in Feb. radical lesbian Eata, er, Rita Mae Brown (1944-) (lover of Martina Navratilova and Fannie Flagg) resigns from NOW after Friedan makes remarks in 1969 that the org. wants to distance itself from lesbianism, which she calls the "lavender menace", and forms the you-guessed-it Lavender Menace to protest at the Second Congress to Unite Women in New York City on May 1, where they present the er, position paper The Woman-Identified Woman, claiming that they'd like to eat, er, "The primacy of women relating to women, of women creating a new consciousness of and with each other.. is at the heart of women's liberation, and the basis for the cultural revolution", and that support for lezzies is "absolutely essential to the success and fulfillment of the women's liberation movement." There are 231M TV sets in use throughout the world. World crude steel production: 595M metric tons. World cotton production: 50M 50-lb. bales (vs. 21M in 1920); U.S: 10M bales (13M in 1920). The 1970 U.S. Corn Blight sees a new strain of fungus based on a single gene introduced to increase corporate profits kill 15% of the U.S. corn harvest, stirring fears of a new Irish potato famine since agriculture is dependent on only 20 of 80K plant varieties for 90% of the world's food, and 27K plant species become extinct each year; meanwhile only 1 in 22 Americans lives on a farm, vs. 1 in 3 in 1920; farmers make up less than 5% of the U.S. workforce for the 1st time (4.2%). Am. adult males begin giving up cigarette smoking, with 36.3% of Americans (42.3% of males and 30.5% of females) over age 21 still smoking vs. 42.5% (52.5% of males, 31.5% of females) in 1964; too bad, teenies begin smoking cigs to take up the slack, and in 1971 U.S. cigarette sales reach a record 547.2B, with the TV-radio ad ban making them more popular? This year over 40K Arabs from outside the region visit Israel under its summer visits program. In this decade spending by U.S. regulatory agencies grows from $5.2B to 13.5B, reaching $10.2B during the Nixon admin. In the next 30 years avg. tax rates on the richest 0.01% of Americans drop by half, while taxes on the middle class rise. The Me Decade (coined by Tom Wolfe) begins in the U.S. as Baby Boomers begin to graduate from college, have children, enter the corporate workforce and sell out to the joys of the almighty dollar, while perverting it narcissistically all the way; disco music, ugly low-quality drab-colored Detroit cars, drab interior decoration incl. shag rugs, and polyester suits stink up this decade (did I say shag carpets?). The U.S. reduces troop strength in Vietnam to 280K by the end of this year, while peace talks continue for a 2nd straight year without progress. By this year most U.S. states ban abortions, while four U.S. states and the District of Columbia have legalized them; some states permit exceptions to the ban; prostaglandin, which can be used to induce abortions is chemically synthesized. By this year U.S. hospital care costs an avg. of $81 a day, and $664 per avg. stay. A U.S. survey reports that rail travel is 2.5x as safe as air travel, 1.5x as safe as bus travel, and 22x as safe as automobile travel. World fish catch: 69.3M metric tons (vs. 22M before WWII); max catch possible: 180M tons? On Jan. 1 the U.S. Nat. Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) comes into effect, requring federal agencies to prepare Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Statements. On Jan. 1 Pakistani pres. (1969-71) Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan (1917-80) lifts restrictions on political activity in effect since last Mar. On Jan. 1 the 3-member U.S. Council on Environmental Quality is established as a key step in fighting air pollution. On Jan. 1 a Cruzeiro do Sul Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravell VI R en route from Montevideo to Rio with 33 aboard is hijacked by six persons, arriving in Havana, Cuba on Jan. 3. On Jan. 1 (night) Fatah terrorists from Lebanon infiltrate Israel and kidnap night watchman Shmuel Rosenwasser from Metula, Israel, becoming the first Muslim terrorist kidnapping in Israel. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Mich. by 10-3 to win the 1970 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 3 Belgian Congo (Kinshasa) changes its name to People's Repub. of Congo, complete with a new constitution, and Gen. Joseph Desire Mobutu wins election to a 7-year term, inviting U.S., South African and Japanese investors to replace the Belgians; in 1972 after renaming Elisabethville to Lubumbashi in 1966, he renames Katanga to Shaba. On Jan. 4 (Sun.) the Beatles hold their last recording session at EMI Studios; on Apr. 7 (Tue.) after cryptic messages, the Beatles Breakup is announced by John Eastman, Paul McCartney's brother-in-law, and confirmed by Paul three days later on Apr. 10; they released a total of 10 hours 28 min. of music in their career; the breakup is caused by a combo of Yoko Ono, John Lennon wanting to step off the merry-go-round of stardom and "watch the wheels", and/or because John and George can't stand the arrogance of Paul McCartney anymore, with John using Yoko to drive the final wedge; "The dream is over" (Lennon). On Jan. 4 sectarian violence erupts in Londonderry, Northern Ireland, ramping up steadily throughout the year. On Jan. 4 New York City transit fares jump from 20 cents (since 1966) to 30 cents, then to 35 cents in Jan. 1972, then to 50 cents on Sept. 1, 1975; they started at 15 cents in 1953. On Jan. 5 (1:00:41 local time) the 7.1 1970 Tonghai Earthquake in Yunnan Province, China kills 10K-15.6K and injures 26.7K, and is covered up by authorities in the throes of the Cultural Rev. On Jan. 5 Joseph A. Yablonski (b. 1910), an unsuccessful candidate for pres. of the United Mine Workers (UMW) is found murdered with his wife and daughter in their Clarksville, Penn. home; nine people are later charged in the killing, incl. UMW pres. W.A. Boyle. On Jan. 5 the daytime soap opera All My Children, created by "One Life to Live" creator (1968) Agnes Nixon (1927-) debuts on ABC-TV Ountil Sept. 23, 2011; then again in Apr. 29-Sept. 2, 2013), set in Pine Valley (near Philly), Penn., and starring 5' 2" Susan Victoria Lucci (1946-) as Erica Kane; in 1983 villain David Hoyt Canary (1938-) begins appearing on the show as self-made billionaire Adam Chandler Sr., marrying, divorcing, and kidnapping Erica while having mucho affairs and progeny; "The great and the least, the rich and the poor, the weak and the strong, in joy and sorrow, in tragedy and triumph, you are all my children." On Jan. 11 Super Bowl IV (4) is held in Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, La. with record $15 ticket prices; 13-pt. favorite Kansas City Chiefs (AFL) defeat the Minn. Vikings (NFL) 23-7; Chiefs QB Leonard Ray "Len" Dawson (1935-) is MVP; Chiefs QB Thomas Raymond "Tom" Flores (1937-) becomes the first Hispanic starting QB to win a Super Bowl; Chiefs WR Otis Taylor (1942-) makes a big TD catch; Chiefs coach Hank Stram (1923-2005) becomes the first to wear a microphone for NFL Films during the game; Vikings coach (1967-83) Harry Peter "Bud" Grant Jr. (1927-) goes on to lead the Vikings to four straight SB losses; a hot air balloon bearing the Vikings' colors crashes inside the stadium during the pregame show; winning players get $15K, losers $7.5K. On Jan. 12, 1970 after pres. (since May 30, 1967) Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu flees to the Ivory Coast, the Igbos of Biafra (E Nigeria) under pres. #2 (since Jan. 8) Brig. Gen. Philip Effiong (Efiong) (1925-2003) surrender after 3M die of starvation caused by the Nigerian army's destruction of crops, and the 31-mo. civil war in Nigeria (begun May 30, 1967) ends with breakaway nation Biafra reabsorbed; Nigeria proceeds to keep the Igbos down in the Niger Delta while growing rich from oil revenues. On Jan. 14 Diana Ross (1944-) performs her last concert with the Supremes at the Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, after which she is replaced by Jean Terrell (1944-), sister of boxer Ernie Terrell (1939-), who retires in 1978 after her Jehovah's Witness beliefs come in conflict. On Jan. 14 the U.S. Supreme Court sets Feb. 1 as a deadline for desegregation of public schools. On Jan. 14 anti-People's Repub. of China Japanese PM (since 1964) Eisaku Sato is reelected (until July 7, 1972), making him Japan's longest-serving PM (until ?). On Jan. 16 Israeli fighter jets attack the suburbs 37 mi. from Cairo, destroying power and telephone lines on the main road to Port Suez. On Jan. 16 daffy Col. Muammar al-Gaddafi (al-Qaddafi) (1942-2011) ends a power struggle and becomes dictator-PM of the Arab Repub. of Libya (until ?), nationalizing its oil industry; on Jan. 21 French defense minister Michel Debre announces that France will provide Libya with 100 military aircraft in return for ending support of rebels in Chad; Daffy goes on to expel the Jewish and Italian communities and pub. a 3-part 110-page Little Green Book (The Green Book: Democracy the Solution to the Problem of Power, Natural Socialism the Economic Solution to the Problem of Exploitation, and the Social Basis of the Third Universal Theory) imitating Mao Tse-tung, combining Socialism, Third Worldism and Muslim fundamentalism, calling it "heroic politics" and a "Third Universal Theory"; too bad, he got into questioning the Quran and Muhammad, with the soundbyte "What has Muhammad done that I haven't? It is I who liberated you [Libyans] and gave you international standing", causing the Supreme Council of the Ulema of Saudi Arabia in Nov. 1980 to condemn him as a deviator from the true principles of Islam - how am I supposed to compete with that? On Jan. 19 Pres. Nixon nominates Irwinton, Ga.-born Southerner (closet gay?) George Harrold Carswell (1919-92) to the U.S. Supreme Court, but his past racial views get the nomination in trouble, and he is rejected on Apr. 8 by a 51-45 vote, with 13 Repubs. flopping, after which Nixon nominates conservative Minn. judge Harry A. Blackmun. On Jan. 19 U.S. vice-pres. Spiro Agnew concludes his 21-day Asian Tour of 11 Pacific and Asian countries. On Jan. 19 the 2nd session of the 91st Congress convenes with 57 Dems. and 43 Repubs. in the Senate and 245 Dems. and 188 Repubs. (2 vacancies) in the House. On Jan. 19 400MW Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) near Bombay is dedicated, becoming India's first nuclear plant. On Jan. 20 China and the U.S. renew diplomatic talks in Warsaw, Poland, that had been recessed since Jan. 8, 1968. On Jan. 20 the govt. of Iraq crushes a right-wing coup against the Ba'th Socialist govt. of pres. Ahmed Hasan al-Bakr, causing the latter to announce a new 1970 Iraqi Constitution, advocating Arab Socialism and Islam, but only giving lip service to the latter until the 1980 Iran-Iraq War. On Jan. 21 after problems in the Pratt & Whitney JT-9D engines are revealed in Oct. 1969, causing a delay, during which four inflatable chutes are fitted allowing 80 passengers/min. to evacuate in an emergency, Pan Am Flight Two, the first regularly scheduled commercial flight of the 350-ton 400-passenger 2-story cabin Boeing 747 "Jumbo Jet" carrying 324 passengers begins in New York City, and ends in London's Heathrow Airport 6.5 hours later at 14:14 GMT after being delayed seven hours with technical problems, after which a faulty compressed air bottle in the emergency door causes a 4.5 hour delay during which 36 of 153 passengers transfer to other flights before the return trip to New York City takes off. On Jan. 21 (Wed.) the fantasy sitcom Nanny and the Professor debuts on ABC-TV for 54 episodes (until Dec. 27, 1971), starring Juliet Maryon Mills (1941-) (sister of Hayley Mills) as English nanny Phoebe Figalilly, who has psychic powers a la Mary Poppins, likes to wear a navy blue Inverness cape and deerstalker cap, and takes care of the three children of Prof. Harold Everett, played by Richard Long (1927-74). On Jan. 22 Pres. Nixon delivers his 1970 State of the Union Address, containing the soundbytes: "The moment has arrived to harness the vast energies and abundance of this land to the creation of a new American experience, an experience richer and deeper and more truly a reflection of the goodness and grace of the human spirit"; "As I look down that new road which I have tried to map out today, I see a new America as we celebrate our 200th anniversary six years from now. I see an America in which we have abolished hunger, provided the means for every family in the nation to obtain a minimum income, made enormous progress in providing better housing, faster transportation, improved health, and superior education. I see an America in which we have checked inflation, and waged a winning war against crime. I see an America in which we have made great strides in stopping the pollution of our air, cleaning up our water, opening up our parks, continuing to explore in space. Most important, I see an America at peace with all the nations of the world" - what have you been smoking? On Jan. 23 church historian and recorder Joseph Fielding Smith Jr. (1876-1972) (son of Joseph Fielding Smith Sr, and grandson of Hyrum Smith, brother of Joseph Smith Jr.) becomes pres. #10 of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons), succeeding pres. (since Apr. 9, 1951) David O. McKay (b. 1873), who died on Jan. 18, going on to centralize planning for all Mormon pubs., consolidating the mags. into Ensign, New Era, and Friend, and getting Hugh B. Brown removed from the First Presidency for supporting blacks in the priesthood. On Jan. 25 John Lennon and Yoko Ono shave their heads and declare 1970 "Year One", donating their hair to the interracial Black House community center in North London for auction. On Jan. 26 anti-govt. riots (the worst ever until ?) rock Manila, Philippines, followed by a Maoist revolt on Jan. 30. On Jan. 26 Pres. Nixon vetoes a $19B appropriation for health, education and antipoverty measures, citing inflation; the House of Reps. fails to override his veto - whatever he smoked, it wore off? On Jan. 27 landlocked Lesotho (2M pop.) holds its first election since gaining its independence from Britain in 1966, going on to establish its own nat. univ. and invite donors to help build a rural water supply system; Irish Aid founds a bilateral aid program with it. On Jan. 28 too-liberal Oldrich Cernik resigns, and is later forced out of the Communist Party, and Lubomir Strougal (1924-) becomes PM #20 of Czech. (until Oct. 12, 1988). On Jan. 29 India awards the capital city of Chandigarh (designed by Le Corbusier) (disputed for three years by Sikh Punjab and Hindu Haryana) to Punjab. In Jan. Yemen joins the World Bank. On Feb. 1 an express train crashes into a stationary commuter train near Buenos Aires, Argentina, killing 236, becoming the worst RR accident to date in that country (until ?). On Feb. 2 Pres. Nixon submits a $202.1B balanced budget to Congress. On Feb. 4 Pres. Nixon signs an executive order call for federal agencies to stop polluting the air and water, with a $359M budget and 3-year deadline. On Feb. 4 an express train crashes into a standng commuter train near Buenos Aires, Argentina, killing 236. On Feb. 7 Italian PM Mariano Rumor and his Christian Dem. minority govt. resign, and Pres. Giuseppe Saragat looks for a successor; on Mar. 28 Rumor leads a new 4-party coalition govt., but it resigns on July 6 in a dispute with the Socialists, and on Aug. 6 Christian Dem. Emilio Colombo (1920-) becomes PM #57 of Italy (until Feb. 17, 1972), with a new center-left coalition cabinet; meanwhile in Dec. demonstrations and strikes rock Italy; after becoming pres. of the European Parliament in 1977-9 and foreign minister in 1980-3 and 1992-3, followed by life senator in 2003, Colombo admits in Nov. 2003 that he used cocaine and is gay - no Indian giving? On Feb. 8 former (1963-7) Ala. gov. George Wallace promises to run for U.S. pres. again in 1972 "if Nixon doesn't do something about the mess our schools are in", urging Southern govs. to defy federal integration orders; meanwhile on Feb. 9 Jewish U.S. Sen. (D-Conn.) (1963-81) Abraham Alexander Ribicoff (1910-98) says that Northern liberals should drop their "monumental hypocrisy" and concede that de facto segregation exists in the North. On Feb. 9-11 Spanish foreign minister Gregorio Lopez Bravo meets with French officials in Paris - the first official visit since WWII. On Feb. 10-13 U.S. defense secy. Melvin R. Laird visits South Vietnam to discuss U.S. troop withdrawals with cmdrs.; at this point the South Vietnamese are winning the war with U.S. air support as the North Vietnamese become exhausted - scram light, and leave the hardware behind? On Feb. 11 Prince "Bigears" Charles assumes his seat in the British House of Lords in a ceremony setting him up as heir to the throney throne throne. The Laotian War gets out of hand? On Feb. 12 the North Vietnamese launch a major offense in NE Laos, driving the Laotians back from the Plaine des Jarres despite heavy U.S. air bombardment, and on Feb. 21 they capture their last military stronghold there; on Feb. 13 South Vietnamese troops invade S Laos, only to be driven back within six weeks with heavy casualties; by the end of the year 70K North Vietnamese troops occupy Laos, creating nearly 1M refugees, esp. from the highlands; despite congressional prohibition against the use of U.S. ground forces in Laos, on Feb. 25 liberal U.S. Sen. (R-Md.) (1969-87) Charles McCurdy "Mac" Mathias Jr. (1922-) reports that the CIA has hired hundreds of ex-Green Berets to fight there; only a few hundred students protest the U.S. invasion, causing the Nixon. admin. to believe that its strategy for pacifying the home front is working; on Mar. 11 U.S. Sen. (D-Ark.) (1945-75) James William Fulbright (1905-95) utters the soundbyte: "The Senate must not remain silent now while the president uses the armed forces of the United States to fight an undeclared and undisclosed war in Laos." On Feb. 13 GM announces it has redesigned automobiles to run on unleaded fuel; leaded fuel is phased-out between 1975-86. On Feb. 15 defense atty. William Kunstler gets a 4-year sentence on contempt charges, while on Feb. 18 his Chicago Eight defendants are found innocent of conspiring to incite riots at the 1968 Dem. Nat. Convention; too bad, on Feb. 20 five of the eight are convicted of the federal crime of crossing state lines to incite riots, and get five years each - the U.S. is 50 separate concentration camps? On Feb. 15 nationalists disrupt a U.N. session on the Congo. On Feb. 15 a Dominican DC-9 crashes into the sea on takeoff from Santo Domingo, killing 102. On Feb. 16 a Cuban ex-patriate along with his wife and two children hijack a Boeing 727 from Newark, N.J. to Cuba, becoming the first of the decade. On Feb. 16 (night) San Francisco, Calif. police Sgt. Brian McDonnell (b. 1925) is killed by a bomb planted outside the window filled with staples; no one is arrested until ?, although the Weather Underground is suspected, incl. Bernardine Dohrn and Howard Machtinger. Real-life Dr. Richard Kimble? On Feb. 17 at Ft. Bragg, N.C. wife Colette (26) and two daughters Kimberley (5) and Kristen (2) of former Green Beret Dr. Jeffrey Robert MacDonald( 1943-) are brutally murdered; he is convicted in 1979 of the murders despite his claims that drug-crazed Charles Manson-type hippie assailants, shouting "acid is groovy, kill the pigs" did it; the crime is later dramatized in the bestseller and miniseries Fatal Vision; in 2005 former deputy U.S. marshal Jimmy B. Britt says that he heard prosecutor James Blackburn tell drug addict Helena Stoeckley that he would indict her for murder if she told the court that she was inside MacDonald's home on the night of the killings, causing her to tell jurors that she couldn't remember where she was that night? On Feb. 18 3K students attack the U.S. embassy in Manila; 100+ are arrested and 50 injured. On Feb. 21 secret peace talks are held between U.S. nat. security advisor Henry Alfred Kissinger (1923-) and North Vietnamese diplomat Gen. Howard the Duck, er, Le Duc Tho (1911-90). On Feb. 22 teenie Australian stowaway Keith Sapsford (1955-) falls to his death from a wheelwell on a plane taking off from Sydney Airport en route to Tokyo. On Feb. 22 (midnight) 51% East Indian (Hindu) British Guiana on the N coast of South Am. becomes the Cooperative Repub. of Guyana, and ends its 139-year ties with Britain while remaining in the Commonwealth, with the gov.-gen. being replaced on Mar. 17 by an elected pres., Arthur Raymond Chung (1918-2008), with L.F.S. Burnham remaining as PM; Guyana becomes the first British possession in the Western Hempisphere to become a repub.; on Mar. 24 a unique 1856 British Guiana 1-cent magenta stamp sells for a record $280K at an auction in New York City, becoming the world's most expensive postage stamp - call now for a free brochure? First trivialize it, then marginalize it, then eradicate it for its opposite? After decades of preparation, one Jew can now tell the entire U.S. white Christian viewing public to shove it? Or is it all just free market economics and nothing sinister? On Feb. 22 (Sun.) after claiming to be offended by their rep as the "Country Broadcasting System", CBS-TV exec Fred Silverman (1937-) orders the Rural Purge, the cancellation at the end of the 1970-1 season of their "hillbilly network" (white conservative middle America family-centered straight non-race-mixing) image, to make way for a younger urban audience, axing The Red Skelton Hour, Jackie Gleason Show, and their hit show The Beverly Hillbillies, along with Green Acres, Petticoat Junction, Hee Haw, and Mayberry, R.F.D., Family Affair, Hogan's Heroes, and even The Lawrence Welk Show, which had practically built the network; ABC-TV soon follows suit; Pat Buttram (Mr. Haney in Green Acres) utters the soundbyte: "CBS killed everything with a tree in it"; CBS-TV fields a new generation of shows incl. All in the Family, M*A*S*H, and The Bob Newhart Show, and resurrects network game shows incl. The Price is Right; luckily the same year the FCC forces networks to devote one more hour of prime time to local shows, so that the Welk Show and Hee Haw survive in syndication - time for Jewish leftist, race-mixing, and gay-lez promotion shows to be let loose on the well-detached-from-their-parents white straight youngsters as fast as they can be forced down their throats, whoopee, how many years to President Obama? On Feb. 23 the first Juno Awards (originally Gold Leaf Awrds) are presented by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences to Canadian musical artists. On Feb. 23-24 French pres. Georges Pompidou visits the U.S., while crowds protest the sale of French jets to Libya. On Feb. 24 the lily white Kienast Quintuplets, Ted, Gordon, Abigail, Sara and Amy are born at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center New York City, becoming the first set of quints to be born in the U.S. after being conceived through the use of fertility drugs (Pergonal), and the 2nd set of surviving quints in the U.S.; in 1984 after suffering financial difficulties, daddy Bill Kienast commits suicide. On Feb. 26 five U.S. Marines are arrested on charges of murdering 11 South Vietnamese women and five children in Da Nang on Feb. 19. Guatemala slips and slides in urban war? On Feb. 26 Guatemalan foreign minister Alberto Fuentes Mohr (1927-79) is kidnapped by leftist guerrillas; on Mar. 1 right-winger army chief of staff Col. Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio (1918-2003) is elected pres. of Guatemala, and sworn-in on July 1 (until July 1, 1974); on Mar. 31 the West German ambassador is kidnapped and executed, causing West Germany to break off diplomatic relations on Apr. 6; on Nov. 3 Osorio declares a state of siege as in 1966, and blood flows - while the stars go whew? On Feb. 27 the 14th ordinary session of the council of ministers of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) convenes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In Feb. the Soledad Brothers, George Lester Jackson (1941-71), Fleeta Drumgo, and John Clutchette, three black inmates at San Quentin Prison in Calif. allegedly murder white prison guard John V. Mills in retaliation for the killing of three black prisoners by white guard O.G. Miller in Soledad Prison in Calif., after which Birmingham, Ala.-born black bushy Afro-loving Communist activist Angela Yvonne Davis (1944-) takes up their cause; on Aug. 7 black activist Jonathan P. Jackson (b. 1953), brother of George Jackson takes hostages at the Marin County Civic Center in Calif. with a 12-gauge shotgun, demanding the release of the Soledad Brothers, taping the gun to the neck of judge Harold Haley, followed by a shootout in the parking lot, which ends with four killed, incl. Haley and Jackson, and five injured; Davis, who has been dismissed from her teaching asst. job at UCLA for being a Communist is arrested on Oct. 16 for fleeing prosecution, then charged on Dec. 22 with murder, kidnapping, and conspiracy for buying the shotgun, and acquitted by an all-white jury on June 4, 1972; next Aug. 21 Jackson's brother George Jackson launches an uprising at San Quentin Prison, releasing an entire floor of prisoners in the maximum security wing while crying "This is it, gentlemen, the Dragon has come", after which three guards and three prisoners are killed, incl. Jackson; Cluchette and Drumgo are later acquitted by an all-white jury of killing the guard, and Drumgo is later killed after being released. On Mar. 1 the Austrian Socialist Party wins an unexpected V over the conservative ruling People's Party, and on Apr. 21 diplomat-politician (party chmn. since 1967) Bruno Kreisky (1911-90) is sworn-in as chancellor of Austria's first postwar all-Socialist govt. (until May 24, 1983) (first Jewish chancellor), replacing chancellor (since 1966) Josef Klaus, and restoring the old coalition between the People's Party and Socialist Party. On Mar. 1 Rhodesia proclaims itself a repub. and tells Great Britain to stuff it; on Mar. 2 British-born Cambridge-educated Clifford Walter Dupont (1905-78) is sworn-in as pres. #1 of the Rhodesian Repub. (until Dec. 31, 1975). On Mar. 1-2 Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Anne visit Ottowa and Vancouver in Canada; on Mar. 3 they begin a 2-mo. tour of the South Pacific incl. Australia, where they join the 200th anniv. of the visits of British Capt. James Cook; on Apr. 29 an unsuccessful attempt is made to derail their royal train with a log near Bowenfels, N.S.W., after which no suspects (the IRA?) are caught, causing it to be covered up until Jan. 2009. On Mar. 2 after trying to do it 4x since 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court approves the Great Northern, Northern Pacific et al. merger to form the Burlington Northern Railroad, becoming the longest railway system in the free world, with 25K mi. of track; in Nov. the 7-mi.-long Flathead Tunnel (begun 1968) near Whitefish, Mont. opens, becoming the 2nd longest tunnel in the U.S.; in 1995 it merges with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to form the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway; meanwhile in Mar. the 2.5K-mi. Indian-Pacific Express between Sydney and Perth in Australia begins service, and on Apr. 11 the $400M 11-mi. 22-station Chapultepec-Juanacatlan Subway in Mexico opens, featuring bright orange cars. On Mar. 3 the Ladies Home Journal Protest sees 100 NOW women stage a sit-in in the ed. offices to protest its portrayal of women, causing them to pub. a special supplement in Aug. On Mar. 4 French sub Eurydice sinks in the Mediterranean, killing all 57 aboard, causing sales of French subs to er, tank. On Mar. 5 Lawrence Francis "Larry" O'Brien Jr. (1917-90) becomes Dem. nat. chmn. after Sen. Fred R. Harris of Okla. resigns; his office at the Watergate Complex in Washington, D.C. later becomes the primary target of the Watergate break-in. On Mar. 5 after 43 nations ratify it, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty comes into force; by 2010 189 states sign it, notable exceptions being Israel, India, Pakistan, and North Korea. On Mar. 6 the Greenwich Village Townhouse Explosion at 18 W. 11th St. in Greenwich Village, N.Y. of a nail bomb under construction to be used at a non-com officers dance at Ft. Dix, N.J. that night kills three members of the Weather Underground, Terry Robbins (b. 1947), Theodore "Ted" Gold (b. 1947), and Diana Oughton (b. 1942), and wounds members Kathy Boudin (1943-) and Cathlyn Platt "Cathy" Wilkerson (1945-) (whose father owns the house), after which the rest of the gang goes on the run from the feds, scoring bombings on New York City Police HQ in 1970, the U.S. Capitol in 1971, and the Pentagon on May 19, 1972, and the U.S. Dept. of State Bldg. on Jan. 29, 1975, with William Ayers later writing in his 2001 memoir Fugitive Days: "The sky was blue. The birds were singing. And the bastards were finally going to get what was coming to them"; Stalinist Clayton Van Lydegraf (1915-92) becomes the leader of the Weather Underground until he is captured in 1977 and sent to priz, after which most of the members quit or surender to authorities by 1980. On Mar. 8 the Nixon admin. discloses the deaths of 27 Americans in Laos. On Mar. 8 El Salvador's ruling Nat. Conciliation Party (NCP) retains power in nat. elections - they loved that 1969 border war? On Mar. 8 an attempt on the life of Cyprus pres. Archbishop Makarios III is foiled. On Mar. 9-15 the Atomic Sunrise Festival in London features Black Sabbath, David Bowie, Arthur Brown, Gypsy, and Quintessence. On Mar. 10 the Israeli Knesset by a 51-14 vote (9 abstentions) approves a bill establishing the legal definition of a Jew, which rules out any traitor who goes for that *!?!* Jesus? On Mar. 11 8.5 years of warfare ends as Iraq agrees to grant the Kurds limited autonomy, recognize Kurdish as an official language, and allow the appointment of a Kurdish vice-pres. On Mar. 11 a man hijacks a Boeing 727 from Cleveland, Ohio to Cuba; he is shot escaping from a Cuban prison on Mar. 26, 1973. On Mar. 12 Pres. Nixon sends Congress a plan to reorganize and modernize the Executive Office - built-in condom dispensers? On Mar. 13 Cambodia officially requests North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops (invited in 1969) to get out, but they prefer to polish their nails, causing conferences and peaceful protests to be held; on Mar. 18 Cambodian king ("head of state") (since 1960) Norodom Sihanouk (1922-2012) is deposed and ousted while visiting Beijing, and right-wing PM (since 1969) Gen. Lon Nol (1913-85) takes over as PM (until 1975), attempting to drive the 400K North Vietnamese Communist troops out of Cambodia, and inviting U.S. and South Vietnamese forces to enter. On Mar. 13 the U.S. Senate votes 64-17 to lower the voting age to 18. On Mar. 15 Expo 70 (Japan World Exposition) in the Senri Hills outside Osak) opens (until Sept. 13), becoming Japan's first world fair, with the motto: "Progress and Harmony for Mankind"; the U.S. pavilion, designed by David Geiger features the largest, lightest clear-span, air-supported roof ever built, an features a display of moon rocks from Apollo 12; "Tiger Child", the first-ever IMAX film debuts; the Nine Floating Fountains are designed by Isamu Noguchi. On Mar. 17 the U.S. Army charges 14 officers with suppression of facts in the My Lai Massacre case. On Mar. 17 the U.S. casts its first veto in the U.N. Security Council, killing a resolution that would have condemned Britain for failure to use force to overthrow the white-ruled govt. of Rhodesia. On Mar. 17 (7:30 p.m.) Eastern Air Lines Shuttle Flight 1320 en route from Newark, N.J. to Boston, Mass. is hijacked by John J. Divivo, who shoots Capt. Robert Wilbur Jr. and co-pilot James Hartley before Hartley grabs the gun and shoots Divivo, after which Wilbur lands at Logan Internat. Airport in East Boston, and the hijacker is arrested; Hartley dies. On Mar. 18-30 the U.S. Postal Strike (first nationwide strike of public employees) sees 152K postal workers strike 671 locations over low wages, causing the U.S. Army to be called in to sort the mail, after which the U.S. Post Office loses $6.3B this year on 85B pieces of mail, causing Pres. Nixon on Aug. 12 to sign the U.S. Postal Reorganization Act, creating the semi-independent U.S. Postal Service as an independent govt. agency to take over the 182-y.-o. U.S. Post Office and operate it as a business enterprise, with postmaster-gen. (1969-72) Winton Malcolm "Red" Bount Jr. (1921-2002) given orders to fix the problems - no automatic weapons this time? On Mar. 19 Willy Brandt and Willi Stoph meet for the first East-West Germany Summit in Erfurt. On Mar. 22 thanks to the 1965 Ralph Nader book "Unsafe at Any Speed", Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Highway Safety Act, establishing the Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin. (NHTSA) under the U.S. Dept. of Transportation, succeeding the Nat. Highway Safety Bureau (founded 1966). On Mar. 23 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-3 in Goldberg v. Kelly that the govt. can't deprive anyone of welfare benefits without holding an evidentiary hearing (not formal trial) under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment; dissenters incl. Justices Warren E. Burger, Potter Stewart, and Hugo Black; Justice Abe Fortas has already resigned. On Mar. 24 the govt. of Sudan arrests finance minister (since 1961) Ahmad Ben Salah, architect of its planned economy, and on Mar. 30 announces that a right-wing coup attempt led by Sufi Umma Party leader Sadik al-Mahdi (Al Siddiq) (1936-) in S Sudan has been crushed; the economy is made more open in order to attract foreign investment. On Mar. 25 the 100-passenger Concorde makes its first supersonic commercial flight; it doesn't begin regular service across the Atlantic until 1976; too bad, it's economically unprofitable, but is kept in service for nat. prestige by Britain and France. On Mar. 26 the U.S. explodes its 500th nuclear device at the AEC test site in Nev. - they're already used to the light and heat? On Mar. 27 1960s protest singer Phil Ochs (1940-76) holds a concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City, shocking fans by deciding that the Yippies and other leftist protesters are going in the wrong direction, and showing up in a gold lame Elvis Presley lookalike Nudie Cohn suit and singing covers of songs by Presley, Conway Twitty, Buddy Holly, and Merle Haggard; after a telephone bomb threat cuts it short, he tells pissed-off fans he will get them into a 2nd show for free, and breaks the glass to the box office, cutting his hand, then breaks into the lockbox, getting him banned for life after the 2nd show; after telling fans that Buddy Holly songs are "just as much Phil Ochs as anything else" and getting booed, he tells them to "not be like Spiro Agnew... You can be a bigot from all sides. You can be a bigot against blacks. You can be a bigot against music." On Mar. 28 the last British troops leave Libya after 25 years, becoming the first time since 1882 that they have no presence in North Africa. On Mar. 28 Cameroon's pres. (since 1960) Ahmadou Ahidjo is reelected to a 3rd 5-year term (unopposed). On Mar. 28 the 7.3 Gediz Earthquake, followed by a series of earthquakes in Turkey through Mar. 31 kill 1.1K and leave 90K homeless. On Mar. 30 (Mon.) the daytime soap opera Somerset (Another World in Somerset) debuts on NBC-TV for 1,710 episodes (until Dec. 31, 1976) as a spinoff of "Another World", starring Carol Roux as Missy Palmer Matthews, Elizabeth Ann Wedgeworth (1934-) as Lahoma Vane Lucas, and Jordan Charney (1937-) as convict-turned-atty. Sam Lucas, who move to Somerset near Detroit, Mich. and begin new lives with the Davis family, Buchanan family, Grant family, and Delaney family, ownersof Delaney Brands, the town's #1 employer. On Mar. 31 U.S. forces in Vietnam down a MiG-21, the first since Sept. 1968 - God bless America? On Mar. 31 Japan Airlines Flight 351 en route from Tokyo to Fukuoka carrying 131 passengers and seven crew is hijacked by nine Japanese Red Army members, who free 23 passengers in Fukuoka, then fly to Gimpo Airport near Seoul, followed on Apr. 3 after release of 103 hostages to Pyongyang, where they surrender to authorities. In Mar. the fNat. Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam organizes a trip to Hanoi to meet with the PM of North Vietnam, where Doug Down and Noam Chomsky are indirectly informed that the U.S. has invaded Cambodia. In Mar. three days of riots in Springfield Road in Belfast, North Ireland sees the British Army use CS tear gas for the 1st time. In Mar. the First Islamic Summit Conference of the new Org. of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is held; by 1999 it reaches 55 member states; in 1973 the Islamic Development Bank in Jedda, Saudi Arabia is founded by the OIC, opening for business on Oct. 20, 1975 with backing by King Faisal. By spring there have been 174 bombings on U.S. college campuses since last fall. In Mar. the BBC-TV comedy series Up Pompeii debuts (until 1975), based on the musical "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum", starring Frankie Howerd (Francis Alick Howard) (1917-92) as funny slave Lurcio, who likes to give monologues to the camera. On Apr. 1 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, banning cigarette advertising on radio and TV, to take effect next Jan. 2. On Apr. 1 the U.S. Army charges Capt. Ernest Medina (1936-) in connection with the My Lai Massacre; he is acquitted next Sept. 22. On Apr. 1 a grape pickers strike and nat. boycott ends with a labor contract signed in Los Angeles, Calif., becoming the first-ever. On Apr. 4 thousands of demonstrators stage a pro-war rally in Washington, D.C. - yep, the 60s are over? On Apr. 7 a Mass. grand jury fails to indict anyone in connection with the 1969 drowning of Mary Jo Kopechne - money talks? Hollyweird's best this year is artistic smut? On Apr. 7 the 42nd Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1969 to United Artists' (Jerome Hellman and John Schlesinger) Midnight Cowboy (first X-rated film to win best picture), along with best dir. to John Schlesinger; best actor goes to John Wayne for True Grit, best actress to Maggie Smith for The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, best supporting actor to Gig Young for They Shoot Horses Don't They? (after which his career begins to tank), and best supporting actress to Goldie Hawn for Cactus Flower. On Apr. 10 the music dies for millions of Beatlemanics as the Beatles officially break up, ending an era; all four go on to separate musical careers; on Apr. 17 Paul Mcartney's debut solo album McCartney is released in Britain, and he forms the group Wings with his wife Linda and Denny Laine in 1971 (until Apr. 1981); on Nov. 23 George Harrison's My Sweet Lord becomes the first #1 single by an ex-Beatle, and on Aug. 1, 1971 he stages the Concert for Bangladesh at Madison Square Garden in New York City; John Lennon (while undergoing primal therapy with Dr. Arthur Janov?) poses with Yoko in front of a poster showing a U.S. flag with the stars replaced by skulls and crossbones, and the stripes replaced by a political message: "U.S.A. surpasses all the genocide records", noting that Kublai Khan massacred 10% of the pop. of the Near East, Spain 10% of the Am. Indians, Stalin 5% of the Russians, the Nazis 5% of occupied Europeans and 75% of European Jews, and the U.S. wins with 6.5% of South Vietnamese and 75% of Am. Indians. On Apr. 10 liberal Dem. Calif. grape grower (Jewish) Lionel Steinberg (1919-99) signs the first contract with Cesar Chavez (1927-93) and the United Farm Workers. NASA saves its poor TV ratings with its own I am the Walrus Paul is Dead publicity stunt, based on a Friday the 13th horror script about three juniors mattingly loving a swigert in the haze? The Great Satan U.S. Scientific Establishment tries to disprove ancient superstition, only to prove it? On Apr. 11 (Sat.) at 13:13 CST unlucky number Apollo 13 blasts off from Cape Kennedy, with astronauts James Arthur "Jim" Lovell Jr. (1928-), Fred Wallace Haise Jr. (1933-), and John Leonard "Jack" Swigert Jr. (1931-82) (first bachelor) (all, as L. Ron Hubbard would say, "unlucky enough to get a Junior tagged on"?); Command Module pilot Swigert replaces Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II (1936-), who is grounded for observation for German measles (rubella); on Apr. 13 at a distance of 321.86km (199,990 mi.) from Earth (80% of the way to the Moon) the #2 (of 2) onboard LOX tank ruptures after the Teflon-insulated wires providing electricity to the stirrer motor spark, crippling it and causing the planned Moon landing at Frau Mauro to be aborted, with Lovell uttering the immortal soundbyte: "Houston, we've had a problem", followed by "We've had a Main B Bus undervolt", making the TV ratings go from a lackluster 3M viewers to all cherries, pass the popcorn; after using the Lunar Module as a lifeboat and using the Moon as slingshot, and going through all kinds of hair-raising drills, incl. constructing a carbon dioxide filter from duct tape to avoid imminent suffocation, it returns safely on Apr. 17 to an enthusiastic worldwide viewing audience, splashing down in the Pacific at 12:07:41 CST (5 days 22 hours 54 min. 41 sec.), and being labelled a "successful failure"; how lucky for the Apollo program, flagging ratings are reversed, and program funding renewed?; Haise becomes sick from Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the mission - Wall St. learns that failure should be rewarded from NASA? On Apr. 12 after daring to come near an all-white bar in Midnight, Miss., 1-armed black sharecropper Rainey Pool (b. 1916) is beaten to death by five white men, who dump his body into the Sunflower River, after which they are arrested and get all charges dismissed; in 1999 Dennis Newton is tried and acquitted for lack of evidence; 1999 Joe Oliver Watson pleads guilty to manslaughter in exchange for a 4-year sentence and his testimony against Hal Crimm and half-brothers James "Doc" Caston and Charles Caston, who are all convicted of manslaughter and get 20 years each. The YMCA/YWCA gets jets? On Apr. 13-18 2.5K delegates attend the 25th 25th YWCA Triennial Nat. Convention in Houston, Tex., voting to make the elimination of racism its top goal, and passing resolutions calling for the abolition of nukes, a clean environment, a change in society's expectations for women, and the involvement of youth in leadership and decision-making; on May 22 the YMCA Nat. Council holds its annual meeting in Pittsburgh, Penn., and elects its first black pres., Donald Milford Payne (1934-2012) of Newark, N.J. (in 1989 he becomes the first black N.J. congressman); the Canadian and U.S. YMCA had earlier agreed to begin administering internat. programs separately after 80 years of joint sponsorship. On Apr. 13 Greek "Zorba the Greek" composer Mikis Theodorakis (1925-), arrested in Greece on Aug. 21, 1967 for his political activities since 1964 is allowed to go into exile in Paris, and spends the next four years fighting to oust the Greek colonels, giving thousands of concerts worldwide and becoming a symbol; he triumphantly returns to Greece on July 24, 1974. On Apr. 14 the 8-y.-o. civil war in Yemen between the royalist supporters of ousted Imam Mohammed al-Badr and rebel republicans ends when Saudi Arabia agrees to recognize the republican regime; all Yemeni exiles except the imam and his family are allowed to return, and the first Saudi plane to land on Yemeni soil in eight years returns 30 royalist leaders from exile in Beirut; a new cabinet headed by PM Muhsin al-Ayni is installed. On Apr. 14 the U.S. Dept. of State announces a new 5-year agreement with Spain regarding U.S. military bases. On Apr. 15 after congressional Repubs. led by Mich. Repub. rep. Gerald R. Ford begin an effort to impeach U.S. Supreme Court justice (1939-75) William Orville Douglas (1898-1980) on the basis of financial irregularities, incl. his defense of the film "I Am Curious (Yellow)", getting paid $350 for an article in Avant Garde, the mag. that the court had deemed pornographic in 1966, and his presidency of the Parvin Foundation, financed by the sale of the Flamingo Hotel by Albert Parvin (really his liberal pro-environment, anti-monopoly, and pro-civil rights stances, and/or the failed nominations of Clement Haynsworth and/or G. Harrold Carswell?), Ford utters the soundbyte: "An impeachable offense is whatever a majority of the House considers it to be at a given moment in history", which is correct since the House decides the definition of "misdemeanors" (bad behavior) by a majority vote, after which the Senate can convict on a 2/3 vote; the effort fails after the coverstory allegations prove unfounds, but from now on all Supreme Court nomination hearings become more political. On Apr. 16 the U.S. and Soviet Union resume SALT talks in Vienna that recessed last Dec. On Apr. 16 an airplane crash at Johnson's Pasture Commune in Vt. kills four; like other communes, it later folds from its own excesses? On Apr. 19 former ambassador (to the U.S.) Misael Pastrana Borrero (1923-97) of the Conservative Party defeats dictator Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, and on Aug. 7 becomes pres. #31 of Colombia (until Aug. 7, 1974) amid charges of election fraud, becoming the last of the four presidents under the 16-year truce between the major political parties known as the Nat. Front.; he goes on to coddle large landowners, encourage housing construction, and try unsuccessfully to end the violence that has killed 200K; meanwhile the 19th of April (M-19) Movement guerrilla group is formed, gaining 1.5K-2K members and becoming the 2nd largest in Columbia after the Rev. Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) (founded 1964). On Apr. 21-22 the centennial of Lenin's birth is celebrated in Communist countries - thanks, thanks, thanks for the memory? On Apr. 21-25 rioting and an army mutiny in Trinidad and Tobago are ended by a govt. state of emergency and curfew. On Apr. 22 (Lenin's birthday) the U.S. environmental movement is born with the first Earth Day, proposed in 1969 by UNESCO and founded by U.S. Sen. (D-Wisc.) (1963-81) and former Wisc. gov. #35 (1959-63) Gaylord Anton Nelson (1916-2005), organized by the Earth Week Committee of Philadelphia, Penn., and celebrated in the U.S. by 22M people with demonstrations against pollution of Spaceship Earth (coined by Adlai E. Stevenson) amid herds of massive leaded-gas-slurping V8 sedans, a nation filled with smoky industrial smokestacks, and a coverup of a fuel rod meltdown at the Savannah River Nuclear Plant near Aiken, S.C. (acknowleged in 1988); the idea was first proposed in 1969 by Davis City, Iowa-born John McConnell (1915-2012) (designer of the Earth Flag) to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, then coordinated by environmental activist Denis Allen Hayes (1944-), and supported by U Thant, Margaret Mead et al.; meanwhile on Jan. 14-23 Nelson goes for a double and holds the Nelson Hearings on the safety of combined oral contraceptive pills, resulting in the first side-effect disclosure for a pharmaceutical drug in the U.S.; too bad, zany incorrect predictions are made, incl. "Population will inevitably and completely outstrip whatever small increases in food supplies we made, the death rate will increase until at least 100-200 million people per year will be starving to death during the next ten years (Stanford U. biologist Paul Ehrlich); "Air pollution... is certainly going to take hundreds of thousands of lives in the next few years alone" (Ehrlich); "Civilization will end within 15 or 30 years unless immediate action is taken against problems facing mankind" (Harvard biologist George David Wald); "In a decade urban dwellers will have to wear gas masks to survive air pollution... By 1985 air pollution will have reduced the amount of sunlight reaching Earth by one half" (Life mag.); "By the year 2000, if present trends continue, we will be using up crude oil at such a rate... that there won't be any more crude oil. You'll drive up to the pump and say, 'Fill 'er up, buddy', and he'll say, 'I am very sorry, there isn't any'." (ecologist Kenneth Watt) On Apr. 22 former mental patientIra David Meeks hijacks a plane to Cuba, telling the Cuban authorities that "he felt persecuted as a black man in America and had heard that things would be better in Cuba"; he is deported as a suspected spy in 1976, jailed in the U.S., and freed in 1981. On Apr. 23 women receive the right to vote in adorable Andorra (pop. 47K), the only dual principality in Europe, whose princedom has been shared since 1278 by the pres. of France and the bishop of Urgell, and which enjoys the longest life expectancy on Earth. On Apr. 23 Pres. Nixon ends draft deferments for fathers and special occupations. On Apr. 24 Gambia (pop. 800K), the smallest country in Africa (20 mi. wide) becomes an independent repub. (surrounded on three sides by Senegal), with Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara (1924-) as pres. (until 1994). On Apr. 24-25 an unsuccessful revolt against pres. Francois Duvalier is signalled only by shelling of Port-au-Prince by three govt. coast guard cutters. On Apr. 27 Somalia announces that another coup attempt has been thwarted. On Apr. 27 the North Vietnamese govt. proclaims support for ousted prince Norodom Sihanouk, and Communist forces advance toward Phnom Penh; on Apr. 29 a large South Vietnamese force invades Cambodia with U.S. aerial support; on May 5 Sihanouk forms a govt. in exile in Beijing; on Apr. 30 Pres. Nixon announces that the U.S. is sending 32K U.S. and 48K South Vietnamese troops into Cambodia to clear their "headquarters" and "sanctuaries" near the South Vietnamese border to save U.S. lives and help his Vietnamization plan, with the soundbyte: "If, when the chips are down, the world's most powerful nation, the United States of America, acts like a pitiful, helpless giant, the forces of totalitarianism and anarchy will threaten free nations and free institutions throughout the world", adding "It is not our power but our will and character that is being tested tonight. The question all Americans must ask and answer tonight is this: Does the richest and strongest nation in the history of the world have the character to meet a direct challenge by a group which rejects every effort to win a just peace?"; the announcement sparks massive campus protests, which finally penetrate the more conservative and Roman Catholic campuses; the troops capture supplies and stop Cambodian seaports from supplying the Vietnamese Communists, causing the latter to rely more heavily on the portions of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos; vice-pres. Spiro Agnew calls the invasion "the finest hour in the Nixon presidency", but defense secy. Melvin R. Laird and secy. of state William Rogers are opposed to it; on May 1 Nixon calls campus radicals who oppose his policies "bums"; the truth doesn't come out until 2005, when relevant documents are declassified; meanwhile the Khmer Rouge of Red Queen Pol Pot grows from 2K to 70K members. On Apr. 29 the Israeli govt. officially confirms that Russian pilots are flying missions in support of the UAR Air Force. In Apr. the Pentagon stops the use of Agent Orange (dioxin). In Apr. the Greek Colonel Govt. restores constitutional rights against arbitrary arrest and detention, suspended since 1967, and on Sept. 22 the U.S. terminates its embargo on heavy armaments - another V for Secret Agent Man? In Apr. Free the Army (FTA) is founded by actors Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland, and mgr. Fred Gardner to stage countershows to the USO shows of Bob Hope. In Apr. the New Haven Nine Black Panther Trials in Conn. begin over the murder of suspected informer Alex Rackley on May 20, 1969 by fellow Black Panther members, turning into a media event as Yale U. students house tens of thousands of Black Panthers and supporters and hold daily protests, exploding two devices in the Yale hockey rink, rioting on May 1 and throwing rocks and bottles at the Nat. Guard, and going on strike from May 1 until the end of the term; on Apr. 24 Yale U. pres. (1963-77) Kingman Brewster Jr. (1919-88) utters the soundbyte "I'm appalled and ashamed that things should have come to such a pass that I am skeptical of the ability of Black revolutionaries to achieve a fair trial anywhere in the U.S." (insuring that they will get extra-light treatment?); after Lonnie McLucas is convicted only of conspiracy to commit murder and given 12-15 years in priz, and his two accomplices Warren Kimbro and George Sams Jr. plead guilty to 2nd degree murder (ending up released after 4 years), in Oct. Bobby Seale is tried along with Ericka Huggins, who boiled water to torture Rackley, and the jury deadlocks 11-1 for Seale's acquittal and 10-2 for Huggin's acquittal; the whole mess stinks up the Black Panthers, who begin a steep decline, becoming inactive by the middle of the decade; Yale Law School student Hillary Rodham Clinton (1947-) attends the trial to report violations of civil rights to the ACLU. In Apr. the Dump Nixon Movement is launched by liberal ex-rep. (D-N.Y.) (1969-71) Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (1929-80). In Apr. National Lampoon mag. (75 cents) debuts as a spinoff of the Harvard Lampoon (until 1998), featuring parodies of politics and pop culture, plus "Foto Funnies", along with nudity; the founders Henry N. Beard (1945-), Douglas C. Kenney (1947-80), and Robert K. Hoffman (1947-2006) sell their shares in 1975, and Kenney buys a Porsche with the proceeds, while Hoffman buys a Helen Frankenthaler painting, going on to become an art collector, and donating his 224-piece $150M collection to the Dallas Museum of Art in 2005. On May 1 the Days of Rage, a week of widespread protests against the U.S. invasion of Cambodia begin in Seattle, Wash., and spread nationwide to 441 colleges and univs., eventually causing the closure of 75 U.S. colleges for the rest of the term; meanwhile deputy White House counsel Tom Huston proposes the Huston Plan to engage in wiretapping, burglary, and other illegal activities to spy on anti-war groups, and Pres. Nixon approves it, but flops five days later after FBI dir. Hoover opposes it; his approval is later used as an article of impeachment by Congress? On May 1 Lt. Col. Paul-Emile de Souza (1931-99), chmn. of the military directorate of Dahomey in West Africa (pop. 4M) (former home to the Slave Coast) announces its replacement by a 3-man pres. commission, with each member coming from a specific region and having a 6-year term, and serving as pres. for two years in rotation; the first members are Coutoucou Hubert Maga (1916-2000), Justin Ahomadegbe-Tometin (Ahomadegbé-Tometin) (1917-2002), and Sourou-Migan Marcellin Joseph Apithy (1913-89), with Maga as pres. #1 (until Oct. 26, 1972). On May 2 Dem. Maurice Edwin "Moon" Landrieu (1930-) becomes mayor #56 of New Orleans, La. (until May 1, 1978), becoming the last white mayor until his son Mitch Landrieu in 2010. On May 2 an interview with LBJ is shown on CBS-TV, which incl. the message that certain material has been deleted at his insistence, which later is revealed to be his misgivings about the Warren Commission finding that Oswald acted alone, because he "suspected that a conspiracy had been involved" - hehe? On May 3 a rupture in Syria of an oil pipeline from Saudi Arabia, caused by a bulldozer cuts off 500K barrels a day, after which the Syrians refuse to allow repairs meanwhile Muammar al-Gaddafi of Libya orders cutbacks in Libayan oil production to push up prices. Four dead in O-Hi-O brings Pres. Nixon down from his high horse? On May 4 (Mon.) (noon) 1K students stage a Days of Rage protest at Kent State U., and after throwing rocks, four students are killed and nine wounded by Ohio Nat. Guardsmen firing M-1 rifles (67 shots in 13 sec.), sparking outrage and disorder, escalating the existing rage and causing many U.S. campuses to be closed; the Kent State Martyrs incl. Allison Krause (b. 1951), Jeffrey Glenn "Jeff" Miller (b. 1950), Sandra Lee Scheuer (b. 1949) (pr. like Shawyer), and William Knox Schroeder (b. 1950); a photo by student John Paul Filo of the Valley Daily News showing 14-y.-o. Mary Ann Vecchio (1956-) kneeling beside dead Miller stirs worldwide indignation; on May 4 Robert Curtis "Bob" Lewis (1947-) graduates from Kent State U. with its first anthropology degree, then develops the theory of De-Evolution and in 1973 co-founds the New Wave group Devo; in May U.S. interior secy. (since 1969) Walter Joseph "Wally" Hickel (1919-) writes a Letter to Pres. Nixon critical of his Vietnam War policy and his views on students, as well as the views of vice-pres. Spiro Agnew, getting him fired on Nov. 25. On May 8 former pres. (1948-9, 1953-8) Jose Figueres Ferrer (1906-90) is sworn-in as pres. of Costa Rica (until May 8, 1974), succeeding Jose Joaquin Trejos Fernandez. On May 8 the Hard Hat Riot sees construction worker rednecks break up a Days of Rage protest on New York City's Wall St. and force City Hall officials to raise the U.S. flag back to full staff after they had lowered it to half staff in memory of the Kent State Martyrs, making a statement that it's not just hippies vs. the govt. anymore? - trust the Gorton's fisherman? On May 9 a Days of Rage Student Protest in Washington, D.C. brings 75K-100K peaceful protesters pissed-off at the Kent State Massacre; that night, after having trouble sleeping, Pres. Nixon drives to the Lincoln Memorial at 4:15 a.m. and talks with amazed student protesters for an hour, becoming known as the Nixon Pre-Dawn Visit, uttering the parting soundbyte: "I know you want to get the war over. Sure you came here to demonstrate and shout your slogans on the ellipse. That's all right. Just keep it peaceful. Have a good time in Washington, and don't go away bitter." On May 9 after making progress in Laos, the 70K-man North Vietnamese army approaches Luang Prahang. On May 9 Walter P. Reuther (b. 1907), pres. of the UAW for 24 years dies in a plane crash, and on May 22 Leonard Freel Woodcock (1911-2001) is chosen to succeed him (until 1977), after which on Nov. 2 the UAW begins a 67-day walkout of GM plants. On May 11 the Augusta Riot in Ga. starts after 16-y.-o. mentally disabled black prisoner Charles Oatman is tortured to death in jail and the police attempt a coverup; on May 12 the riot is quashed after six blacks are shot in the back and killed by the massahs, er, police, plus 80 more injured, 200 arrested, and 50 businesses burned. On May 12 the U.S. Senate votes unanimously to confirm chief justice Warren Burger's lifelong friend, Nashville, Ill.-born Harry Andrew Blackmun (1908-99) (Nixon's 3rd choice for Abe Fortas' seat) as U.S. Supreme Court justice #98; on June 9 he is sworn in (until Aug. 3, 1994), becoming known as the "Lone Ranger" for his 8-1 minority stands, although he does author the majority opinion in "Roe v. Wade" (1973) - at least he was born in a town called Nashville (Ill.)? On May 12 hotdog-loving Liberal Party leader Robert Bourassa (1933-96) becomes PM #22 of Quebec, Canada (until Nov. 25, 1976) on a "100K jobs" platform, becoming Quebec's youngest PM; he goes on to promote the James Bay hydroelectric project in 1971. On May 13 the Beatles movie Let it Be (dir. by Michael Lindsay-Hogg) debuts with an eerie timing? On May 14 Finland's Pres. Urho Kekkonen give up trying to form a cabinet, and forms a caretaker govt. On May 14-15 after a Days of Rage protest turns into a riot, police open fire on a dormitory at Jackson State College in Miss., killing black students Phillip Lafayette Gibbs (b. 1948) and James Earl Green (b. 1952), and wounding 15. On May 15 PM John G. Gorton's Liberal govt. defeats a no-confidence motion in the Australian parliament by a 63-57 vote. On May 16 Dominican Repub. pres. (since 1966) Joaquin Balaguer wins reelection to a 2nd term (until 1978). On May 17 Thor Heyerdahl's raft Ra II sails from Safi, Morocco, arriving in Bridgetown, Barbados on July 12 in an attempt to prove that North Am. states could have been founded by Egyptians (Ra I never completed its ocean voyage); unfortunately he cheats by carrying modern navigational and fishing equipment, and getting a tow at each end. On May 18 (Mon. after Pentecost) the first Pinkpop Festival (Dutch "Pinksteren" = Pentecost) is held in Geleen, Netherlands, featuring Golden Earring; later festivals are held on Sat.-Mon. on Pentecost weekend in Landgraaf; festival-goers like to wear pink hats. On May 20 100K stage a Pro-Vietnam War Demonstration in New York's Wall Street district. On May 20 House Speaker John W. McCormack (D.-Mass.) (congressman since 1928) announces his retirement at the end of the current session after the 2nd longest tenure since Sam Rayburn. On May 20 London-based Fleetwood Mac (founded July 1967) lead guitarist and founder (1967) Peter Green (Peter Allen Greenbaum) (1946-), who had contracted schizophrenia (from LSD?) quits the band after they fail to agree to give all their money to charity, and Christine McVie joins in his place; in Feb. 1971 member Jeremy Spencer quits to join the Children of God, causing Green to be invited back, bringing conga-playing friend Nigel Watson; on Jan. 26, 1977 Green is committed to a mental hospital in England after firing a pistol at a delivery boy. On May 20 Jacksonmania begins at a Jackson 5 concert perf. in the Forum in Los Angeles, Calif., with the 18.5K-person crowd rushing the stage while they're performing "The Love You Save". On May 21 U.S. atty.-gen. John Mitchell announces that the U.S. Justice Dept. will investigate the Kent State U. shootings. On May 22 Pres. Nixon's hatchet man Vice-Pres. Spiro Theodore "Ted" Agnew (1918-96) gives a speech in Houston, Tex., with the soundbyte: "The young... at the zenith of physical power and sensitivity, overwhelm themselves with drugs and artificial stimulants... Education is being redfined at the demand of the uneducated to suit the ideas of the uneducated. The student now goes to college to proclaim, rather than to learn. The lessons of the past are ignored and obliterated in a contemporary antagonism known as the generation gap. A spirit of national masochism prevails, encouraged by an effete corps of impudent snobs who characterize themselves as intellectuals"; on Sept. 11 he tells an audience at the Repub. State Convention in San Diego, Calif.: "We have more than our share of the nattering nabobs of negativism"; both of the clever characterizations of the press corps were written for him by etymology-loving speechwriter William Lewis Safire (1929-2009), who goes on to add alliterative phrases like "pusillanimous pussyfooting" and "hopeless hysterical hypochrondriacs of history" along with fellow speechwriter Pat Buchanan. On May 25 a man hijacks a Boeing 727 from Chicago, Ill. to Cuba. On May 26 (Tue.) the NYSE records its biggest 1-day decline since the assassination of JFK, ending an 8-year world bear market; the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. of 30 blue chips drops 20.81 points to 631; on May 27 (Wed.) the Dow jumps from 631 to 663.20 (32.04 points), becoming the largest 1-day increase so far; volume is 11.6M shares, vs. 3M in 1960 and 2.6M in 1955, causing brokerage houses to attempt to automate their back rooms. On May 28 Buddhists and students demonstrate in Saigon against the war and govt. repression. On May 28 Ceylon PM Dudley Senanayake resigns after election setbacks, and Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike becomes PM again (unti 1977) and forms a new coalition govt. On May 28-29 the 1970 Paris Student Riot begins after two Maoist student leaders are given prison sentences and their Maoist Proletarian Left splinter group is banned. On May 29 EEC foreign ministers choose Italian communications minister Franco Maria Malfatti (1927-91) (a descendant of French king Philip IV) as pres. #3 of their executive commission (until 1972). On May 29 PM Pierre Elliott Trudeau returns to Canada after a 19-day, 30K-mi. Pacific nation tour. On May 30 Pres. Nixon secretly meets his top military and nat. security aides at the Western White House in San Clemente, Calif., telling them to keep some 14K troops hunting down North Vietnamese in Cambodia, but to lie to the public that it's "all but over", and that they are merely providing support to South Vietnamese forces as necessary to protect U.S. troops; he also tells them to plan an offensive in officially neutral (but anything but) Laos, and work on a summer offensive in South Vietnam, saying, "Publicly we say one thing; actually, we do another"; Naval Ops. Chief Adm. Thomas H. Morrer comments that "If the enemy is allowed to recover this time, we are through"; 2 mo. later he becomes chmn. of the Joint Chiefs. On May 31 the 7.8 Great Peruvian (Ancash) Earthquake in the N mountain region causes the W face of Mt. Huascaran to come loose, pouring 50M cu. yards of rock and ice into the town of Yungay, burying it 20 ft. deep and killing 25K; nine other towns are destroyed, leaving 66K dead, 50K injured, 17K missing, and 800K homeless, destroying 186K bldgs., causing U.S. First Lady Thelma Catherine Ryan "Pat" Nixon (1912-93) to start a relief drive and fly in with supplies, touring the damaged regions and gaining world publicity, and earning the gratitude of the Peruvian people, plus a Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun from the Peruvian govt. In May the U.S. govt. shuts off power and fresh water supplies to the Native Am. activists on Alcatraz Island; a fire breaks out and each side blames the other. On June 1 the Soviet Soyuz 9 spacecraft blasts off, and returns on June 19 with seasick cosmonauts Col. Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolayev (1929-2004) and Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov (1935-), who set a spaceflight endurance record of 17 days, 16 hours, 59 min. In May gun-loving LSD-popping gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson (1937-2005) (global affairs correspondent for Rolling Stone mag. in 1970-84), and Welsh artist Ralph Steadman (1936-) meet at the Kentucky Derby, and form a collaboration where Thompson "systematically screwed over" Steadman financially, starting with covering the Derby? On June 4 the 171-island kingdom of Tonga (AKA Friendly Islands) proclaims its independence after 70 years as a British protectorate while avoiding formal colonization, becoming the world's 147th independent nation. On June 5 the U.S. unemployment rate is announced as 5% (highest since 1965), caused by the winding down of the Vietnam War. On June 5 Quaker U.S. pres. Nixon names Episcopalian Repub. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902-85) (who was narrowly defeated by JFK for Congressman from Mass. in 1952, and led the charge in the U.N. during the Cuban Missile Crisis) as his personal envoy to the Vatican (until 1977), becoming the first U.S. pres. envoy since FDR. On June 6 Robert H. Finch leaves as U.S. secy. of HEW, and on June 24 Elliot Lee Richardson (1920-99) becomes U.S. HEW secy. #9 (until Jan. 29, 1973). On June 6-10 Jordanian troops clash with Palestinian guerrillas again in the Amman area, killing and/or wounding hundreds. On June 7 the Swiss narrowly defeat a proposed constitutional amendment that would have expelled 350K foreign workers. On June 7 the U.S. TV industry strikes back at vice-pres. Spiro Agnew and his attack on slanted journalism by presenting a special Emmy award to three network news chiefs "for their leadership... against forces which strike at journalism's duty to preserve the free flow of information". On June 8 after making the mistake of asking industry, labor, and agriculture to form committees to advise his govt. Argentine pres. (since 1966) Juan Carlos Ongania is forced by the military to resign, and they set up a 3-man military junta in his place, with Roberto Marcelo Levingston Laborda (1920-) as de facto pres. (until Mar. 23, 1971). On June 9 there is a failed Palestinian attempt to assassinate king Hussein I of Jordan near Suweileh, W of Amman - remember, nobody beats the king, nobody? On June 9 the centennial of the death of British author Charles Dickens (1812-70) is celebrated by Dickens societies worldwide; the Queen Mother places a wreath on his grave in Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey in London. On June 10 after the price of gold on the free market falls below the official U.S. price of $35 an oz., giving Tricky Dicky Nixon an idea, and he proposes it to Congress, the new U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) replaces the Bureau of the Budget, with the responsibility of devising and submitting the president's annual budget proposal to Congress; on July 1 U.S. labor secy. George Pratt Shultz (1920-) (son of Am. Internat. Corp. dir. Birl Shultz) becomes the new dir. (until June 11, 1972), going on to urge treasury secy. John B. Connally to remove the U.S. from the gold standard, then take his job; meanwhile he grooms his future protege Condoleezza Rice. On June 11 the U.S. presence in Libya comes to an end as the last detachment leaves Wheelus Air Base. On June 11 women receive degrees along with men at Harvard U. for the 1st time; Helen Homans Gilbert (1913-89) becomes the first woman overseer of Harvard U., followed by pres. of the board of overseers in 1975-6. On June 12 the Japanese nuclear-powered merchant ship Mutsu is launched in Japan, then loaded with nuclear fuel on Sept. 4, 1972, after which local fishermen immobilize it for fear of nuclear contamination; on Aug. 26, 1974 it finally departs, and indeed leaks some radiation, causing fishermen to block its return to port for 50 days, causing it to have to find a new home port, and it isn't launched again until Feb. 1991, when it travels 51K mi. and is then decommissioned in 1992 at a cost of 120B yen, after which the Japanese don't build another nuclear-powered ship until ?. On June 13 the Warren, er, President's Commission on Campus Unrest is appointed, with former Penn. Repub. gov. (1963-7) William Warren Scranton (1917-) as chmn., holding its first meeting on June 25, followed by 13 days of hearings at Jackson State in Miss., Kent State in Ohio et al.; no arrests of sacred cow pigs are ever made. On June 15 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 4-3 in Welsh v. U.S. to broaden the definition of conscientious objector to incl. people without belief in God who profess ethical or moral convictions against war - there were atheists in foxholes before? On June 15 the Dymshits-Kuznetsov Aircraft Hijacking Affair starts when a group of 16 Soviet Jewish refuseniks incl. Yosef Mendelevitch (Mendelovitch) (1947-) try to escape to Sweden to emigrate to Israel, boarding a flight and pretending to be a wedding party, but are found out and arrested at the Smolny Airport in Leningrad before they can hijack the plane, then charged with high treason and sentenced to death, and ending up with 4-15 year prison sentences; the affair causes the Soviets to crackdown on the Jewish dissident movement; Mendelevitch becomes known as "the Prisoner of Zion" until his 1981 release, after which he becomes a rabbi in Israel. On June 16 labor riots kill three and injured dozens, causing the Turkish govt. to declare martial law in Istanbul and Izmir. On June 16 after gaining the support of black Communist poet-playwright Amiri Baraka (1934-), Ala.-born Dem. Kenneth Allen Gibson (1932-), chief engineer for the Newark Housing Authority becomes the first African-Am. to win a mayoral election in a major NE U.S. city, Newark, N.J. (until 1986); too bad, in 1982 he is indicted for the "ghost employment" of a colleague, and in 2003 he is convicted of bribery. On June 17 North Vietnamese troops cut the last operating rail line in Cambodia. On June 17 Pres. Nixon addresses the nation on TV, asking business and labor for voluntary wage and profit controls, and announcing the creation of a new nat. commission to find ways to increase worker productivity. On June 18 the 1970 British gen. election sees the Conservative Party, led by "Britain's Minister for Europe" (pro-Common Market) Sir Edward Richard George "Ted" Heath (1916-2005) (son of a carpenter and a maid) upset the Labour Party led by PM (since Oct. 16, 1964) Harold Wilson, with 330 seats for the Conservatives, 288 for Labour, and 6 for the Liberal Party of Jeremy Thorpe; on June 19 Heath becomes British PM (until Mar. 4, 1974); Enoch Powell's Apr. 20, 1968 Rivers of Blood Speech helped the Conservatives stage the surprise V, after which Powell becomes one of the top rebels against Heath's govt.? On June 20 Venezuela and Guyana agree to postpone their border dispute in the 57K-sq.-mi. Essequibo Region for 12 years. On June 22 Ecuadorian pres. (since 1968) Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra assumes dictatorial powers to stop "subversion" by univ. students et al. On June 24 the U.S. Senate votes overwhelmingly to repeal the Aug. 7, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, on which U.S. govt. involvement in the Vietnam War was largely based; the House follows suit next Jan. 13. On June 24 North Korean PM Kim Il-sung offers to sign a pact with South Korea leading to eventual reunification on certain conditions, mainly the pullout of U.S. troops, but Pres. Park Chung-hee rejects it, saying that the U.N. should be involved. On June 25 Syrian and Israeli forces fight over the Golan Heights in the biggest battle since 1967. On June 26 the U.N. observes its 25th birthday in a ceremony in San Francisco, Calif. On June 26 Bernadette Devlin (1947-) is arrested by the British, sparking riots in Derry and Belfast, followed by night gunfights between Protestants and Roman Catholics, killing five and wounding 240 by June 29, after which on July 3-5 the British Army imposes a curfew on the Falls Road area of Belfast to search for weapons, during which rioters shoot 15 soldiers, and five civilians are killed and 60 injured, while the army arrests 300. On June 27 the first Gay Pride March in San Francisco, Calif. is held to celebrate the 1st anniv. of the Stonewall Riots in New York City. On June 29-30 the last U.S. troops pull out of Cambodia after a 2-mo. military offensive, allowing the Commie takover armies to move into position. In June S Calif. experiences the worst brush fires in its history, driving thousands in San Diego County from their homes, and threatening the suburbs of Los Angeles; in late Sept. fires strike Sequoia Nat. Forest N of Bakersfield. In summer the first hippie-style rock & roll Glastonbury Festival (originally the Pilton Festival) is held at Worthy Farm in Pilton, Somerset, England; it takes the Rolling Stones until 2013 to perform there. On July 1 Kedah sultan Abdul Halim Muazzam (Muadzam) (1927-), nephew of PM (since 1957) Tunku (Prince) Abdul Rahman becomes king (yang di-pertuan agong) of Malaysia (until 1975), succeeding Ismail Nasiruddin; on Sept. 22 after elections officially oust Rahman (who has been de facto overthrown since last May) and Chinese parties score election gains, Abdul Razak (1922-76) becomes PM #2 of Malaysia (until Jan. 14, 1976), going on to dissolve the ruling Alliance Party in place of his new Barisan Nasional (Nat. Front) on Jan. 1, 1973 and launch the Malaysian New Economic Policy next year, with the goals of eliminating poverty while spreading the wealth among the races. On July 1 Pres. Nixon names aristocratic Va.-raised ambassador David Kirkpatrick Este Bruce (1898-1977) as head of the U.S. peace delegation in Paris. On July 1 the U.S. Selective Service System in Washington, D.C. holds its first lottery drawing since Nov. 1969. On July 1 the N.Y. Abortion Law, the most liberal in the U.S. goes into effect, setting a limit of 24 weeks after gestation for physician-assisted abortions, allegedly to stop coat-hanger abortions; 1.2K women line up to commit infanticide, er, get one; meanwhile in Jan. Santa Ana, Calif. judge Paul G. Mast rules that a woman has a constitutional right to not bear children, and dismisses abortion charges against physician R.C. Robb. On July 1 George Lopez hijacks a DC-8 from Las Vegas, Nev. to Cuba. On July 1 a Cruzeiro do Sol Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI R en route from Rio to Sao Paulo, Brazil with 31 aboard is hijacked by four persons, who demand the release of political prisoners; the plane is stormed and they are arrested. On July 3 a British charter jet crashes near Barcelona, Spain, killing 112. On July 4 thousands attend Honor America Day in Washington, D.C., backed by Pres. Nixon and Bob Hope; Billy Graham delivers the keynote address. On July 4 the Asbury Park Race Riot in N.J. sees 100 injured. On July 4 American Top 40 (AT40), created and hosted by Lebanese-Am. disc jockey Kemal Amin "Casey" Kasem (1932-2014) debuts on Los Angeles radio (until 2004); the show's first #1 hit song is Three Dog Night's "Mamma Told Me Not to Come". On July 5 after riding a wave of anger by citizens in NW Mexico over the misappropriation and salinization of the water from the Colorado River by the U.S., Institutional Rev. Party (PRI) candidate Luis Echeverria Alvarez (Álvarez) (1922-) (interior secy. who was head of internal security during the 1968 Tlatelolco Massacre, and enraged pres. Ordaz by calling for a moment of silence to remember the victims) is elected pres. of Mexico, succeeding Gustavo Diaz Ordaz; he is sworn-in on Dec. 1 (until Nov. 30, 1976), going on to promise to reach out to youth, and engaging in populist reforms incl. nationalization of the mining and electrical industries, redistribution of private land in Sinaloa and Sonora to peasants, condemning Zionism and opposing U.S. "expansionism", supporting Chilean pres. Salvador Allende, allowing the PLO to open an office in Mexico City, and creating a commission to destroy Mexico's remaining forests to create farmland; he also puts limits on foreign investment, and expands Mexico's territorial limit to 200 mi.; too bad, he pisses-off the right with his actions, and then alienates the left by refusing to prosecute the perps of the Corpus Christi Massacre next year - with what, a club? On July 5 Air Canada 621 (DC-8) crashes near Toronto, killing 108. On July 5 (Sun.) the concert series Evening at Pops, produced by WGBH-TV debuts on PBS-TV (until 2005), featuring performances by the Boston Pops Orchestra in the Symphony Hall in Boston, Mass. On July 10 the military 1970 Moroccan Coup against King Hassan II at the Skhirat summer palace on his birthday fails; on July 13 10 leaders of the revolt are executed. On July 11 after a July 8 U.S. announcement of its intention to reduce forces in South Korea, talks begin to withdraw 60K U.S. troops from South Korea starting in July 1971, with the ROK govt. demanding massive military equipment and training. On July 14 Finnish PM Ahti Karjalainen forms a new cabinet after a 3-mo. crisis. On July 15 the British family completes an 11-day tour of Canada to observe the centennial of the Northwest Territories and Manitoba Province. On July 17-23 6K Teamster drivers and packing workers in the Salinas Valley of Calif. strike, preventing delivery of the summer lettuce crop to consumers and causing prices to triple, pissing-off the United Farm Workers (UFW); on Aug. 23 the Salad Bowl Strike by 5K-7K UFW workers against the Teamsters begins, doubling the price of lettuce again, after which in Sept. the UFW asks consumers to boycott non-UFW-picked lettuce, leading to the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history (until ?); on Dec. 4 UFW leader Caesar Chavez is arrested by federal marshals (his first arrest), and after being visited by RFK's widow Ethel Kennedy and Olympic star Rafer Johnson he is released on Dec. 23, and calls for more strikes; the strike ends next Mar. 26 with a new jurisdictional agreement between the UFW and Teamsters, but their mutual animosity continues. On July 20 after drought in Afghanistan becomes the worst in known history, an urgent request is sent to the U.S. for 100K tons of wheat, which isn't approved until Aug. 1971, by which time the request is upped to 250K tons; it ends in 1971; the next worst is in 2000. On July 21 Tsinghua U. in Beijing, China, home of the 1966 Cultural Rev. resumes regular classes four years after it stopped admitting students - that bad class was flushed? On July 23 Qaboos (Qabus) bin Said Al Said (1940-) ousts his father Sultan Sa'id bin Taimur (who had ruled since 1932) in a palace rev., and rules as sultan of oil-rich, isolated Oman (until ?), promising to establish a modern govt. and use the new wealth of the state to aid the people; he is the 14th descendant of the Abu Sa'id Dynasty founded in 1749; the neat Nat. Anthem of Oman, which starts out "God save our Sultan Sa'id" was orginally a salute by British ship HMS Hawkins on Dec. 10, 1932. On July 23 Nixon admin. consultant ("citizen lobbyist") Robert Burnett Choate Jr. (1924-2009) testifies before a U.S. Senate subcommittee that 40 of 60 top dry cereals are nutritionally empty, and "The worst cereals are huckstered to children" on TV; within a year cereal manufacturers begin adding nutritional content and he reverses his opinion. On July 23-26 the UAR and Jordan accept a U.S. formula for a 90-day Arab-Israeli ceasefire and resumptions of peace negotiations; Israel accepts the formula on July 31; too bad Syria rejects it, and on July 31 25K Palestinians demonstrate in Amman, calling for the liberation of all Palestine from the pesky Jews and Crusaders; on Aug. 9 Israeli jets attack guerrilla bases in Lebanon, while diplomatic efforts begin in the U.N. to stop the war. On July 24 the U.S. Congress passes a law providing for the construction of 1.3M new rat-traps, er, public housing units. On July 25 King Hassan II's 1965 state of emergency ends as Moroccan voters approve a new constitution creating a unicameral 24-member parliament. On July 27 Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (b. 1889) dies in Lisbon without knowing that he has been supplanted as PM #101 (since Sept. 27, 1968) by Marcello Jose das Neves Alves Caetano (1906-80), who becomes the new dictator Portugal (until Apr. 25, 1974). On July 31 U.S. CIA man (torture expert) Daniel "Dan" Mitrione (b. 1920) is captured, held, then executed on Aug. 10 by the Tupamaros in Uruguay after the U.S. refuses to release 150 hostages, exposing how the CIA trains police to repress leftists with terrorist methods and severe interrogation methods, while simultaneously messing up the Robin Hood image of the leftists; Nixon White House press secy. (1969-74) Ronald Louis Ziegler (1939-2003) stinks himself up by calling Mitrione "devoted... to the cause of peaceful progress in an orderly world" and "an example for free men everywhere"; Frank Sinatra and Jerry Lewis perform at a benefit for his widow. In July Guyana and Suriname jointly agree to withdraw all troops from the disputed border area of the New River. In July the 57-mo. Japanese Izangi Boom (begun Oct. 1965) (longest expansion since WWII) ends as U.S. orders for the Vietnam War begin waning. In July PM Leonid Brezhnev pub. a report conceding that Soviet food supplies are inadequate despite a record 186M metric ton grain harvest because of lack of corn to support livestock; Moscow orders 500K tons of corn from Continental Grain in New York City, and after failing to obtain a waver of the rule that half of it must be shipped in U.S. bottoms it fills the order with grain from other countries. On Aug. 1 commercial airline pilot W. Lain Guthrie (1913-97) refuses to dump any more kerosene into the atmosphere as had been common practice, and is fired, but the support of other pilots gets him reinstated and the industry practice changed. On Aug. 2 a man hijacks a Pan Am. 747 bound for San Juan, Puerto Rico from New York City to Cuba, becoming the first hijacking of the 747, causing Fidel Castro to personally come out to Jose Marti Airport in Havana to inspect it, after which he meets with Capt. Augustus Watkins to discuss whether it can take off safely from the smallish airport, which it does. On Aug. 3 the U.S. military announces the first successful underwater firing of a Poseidon ballistic nuclear missile from the U.S. submarine USS James Madison (SSBN 627) (launched Mar. 15, 1963). On Aug. 3 Hurricane Celia hits Corpus Christi, Tex. with 130-180 mph winds, damaging 90% of the downtown area, causing $453M damage, killing nine and injuring 466. On Aug. 3 (Mon.) NBC Nightly News debuts on NBC-TV (until ?), anchored by Lester Holt, followed by David Brinkley, John Chancellor, Tom Brokaw, and Brian Williams. On Aug. 7 Armadillo World HQ in Austin, Tex. opens in an old rented Nat. Guard armory, rented by Eddie Wilson after his flagship rock music venue the Vulcan Gas Co. closes, becoming the center of the Austin hippie culture complete with toleration of marijuana use and huge Lone Star beer sales, launching the Austin Sound AKA Redneck Rock AKA Cosmic Cowboy, with acts incl. The Lost Gonzo Band, Michael Martin Murphy, and Jerry Jeff Walker; it goes bankrupt in 1977, and holds its last concert on New Year's Eve (Dec. 31), 1980, featuring Commander Cody and the Lost Planet Airmen, and Asleep at the Wheel; the music scene it created helps launch PBS-TVs "Austin City Limits"; in 1976 the first annual Armadillo Christmas Bazaar is held, becoming a top national arts and crafts show. On Aug. 9 (Sun.) LANSA Flight 502 crashes after takeoff from Cuzco, Peru, killing 101. On Aug. 9 the Mangrove Nine are arrested after a protest at the police station over harassment of the black-owned Mangrove Restaurant in Notting Hill, West London; after a 55-day trial they are all acquitted of the most serious charges after the first British judicial acknowledgement of behavior by the Metro police motivated by racial hatred. On Aug. 10 the triple-engine wide-body McDonnell Douglas DC-10 makes its maiden flight; 386 are delivered to airlines and 60 to the USAF when production ceases in Dec. 1988. On Aug. 10 after NOW files suit in district court, and New York City mayor John Lindsay signs a bill prohibiting sexual discrimination in public places, feminists liberate 116-y.-o. males-only McSorley's Bar (founded 1854) at the Biltmore Hotel, and leather shop owner Barbara Schaum (1929-) becomes its first woman patron - hold the onions? On Aug. 12 a series of sharp rolling earthquakes hit Calif. from Los Angeles to San Diego, breaking windows and blocking highways. On Aug. 17 Christian Suleiman Kalaban Frangieh (Sulayman Kalaban Faranjiyya) Kalaban (1910-92) is elected pres. of Lebanon (until 1976) in a close upset election which is decided by sending gunmen led by his son Tony into the nat. assembly to force the speaker to quit abstaining and cast the deciding vote to break the 49-49 tie; Frangieh promises to keep the Zayims and their semi-feudal system intact, but finds it impossible to keep the country from imploding. On Aug. 17 the Soviet Union launches the Venera 7 probe, which lands on Venus on Dec. 15, becoming the first manmade spacecraft to land on another planet and transmit data to Earth, broadcasting strong signals for 35 min. and weak signals for 23 min., with only the temperature channel working, confirming a surface temp of 460F-475F (237C-246C) (pressure of 93 atmospheres); they don't officially announce it until next Jan. 26. On Aug. 18 the U.S. Congress overrides Pres. Nixon's veto of a $4.4B appropriation for the Office of Education. On Aug. 18 a U.S. ship loaded with nerve gas is scuttled in the Atlantic 280 mi. off the coast of Fla. On Aug. 19 two Cubans and one Spanish man hijack a DC-3 bound to San Juan, Puerto Rico from Newark, N.J. to Cuba. On Aug. 20 a man hijacks a DC-9 from Atlanta, Ga. to Cuba. On Aug. 20 (Thur.) Pres. Nixon visits Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, uttering the soundbyte "We share a 2,000-mile common border, one of the longest in the world. That border we can say today is not a wall that divides us, but a bridge of friendship which unites us"; he also notes "the little donkeys along the street on either side of the road", telling pres. Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, "Your welcoming us with a few donkeys shows that this is a completely bipartisan trip." On Aug. 24 (3:42 a.m.) a bomb consisting of over a ton of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and fuel oil (most powerful car bomb in history until the 1993 Marine Barracks bomb in Lebanon) inside a stolen 1967 Ford Deluxe Club Wagon explodes outside Sterling Hall at U. of Wisc. in Madison, housing the U.S. Army Mathematical Research Center at the U. of Wisc. in Madison, damaging 26 bldgs., killing 33-y.-o. researcher Robert E. Fassnacht (b. 1937), injuring four, and destroying a $1.5M computer; the violent Weathermen faction of the SDS claims responsibility, but actually it's four campus radicals called the New Year's Gang, incl. Karleton Armstrong (1953-), Dwight Armstrong (1952-), David Fine (1952-), and Leo Burt (1948-); on Feb. 17, 1972 leader Karleton "Karl" Armstrong (1953-) is arrested, and pleads guilty to 2nd degree murder; Am. activist-writer Richard Anderson Falk (1930-) writes a letter to the New York Times citing the Nuremberg Trials as a precedent that private citizens have "a right, and perhaps a duty" to actively oppose war by any means incl. "by creating a lesser crime"; Burt is not caught (until ?). Here they come, walking down the street, not a skirt or bra among them, only shirts, pants and feet? They may be a little late, but the 1970s are gonna feel their wrath? On Aug. 26, 1970 (5:00 p.m.) the Women's Strike for Equality on the 50th anniv. of the passing of the 19th Amendment is held in New York City by 50K women led by Am. feminists Betty Friedan (1921-2006), Gloria Steinem (1934-), Bella Savitsky Abzug (1920-98), and Katherine Murray "Kate" Millett (1934-) (sans open lezzies, although Millett is still a closet one and that's OK) march down Fifth Ave. in New York City; signs read "Don't iron while the strike is hot", "Hardhats for soft broads", "I am not a Barbie Doll", "Storks fly - Why can't mothers", "We are the 51% minority", and "We have the right to vote for the man of our choice"; Friedan utters the soundbyte "Man is not the enemy; man is a fellow victim"; another march is held in Washington, D.C. by 1K, another in Boston, Mass. by 1K, and another in San Francisco, Calif. by 2K; the major TV networks ridicule the strike, with Eric Sevareid calling the feminist movement an infectious disease and the members "a band of braless bubbleheads"; Howard K. Smith denies the credibility and justification for the movement, which ABC-TV eventually retracts after the women's movement launches a boycott of all four major networks; meanwhile in July mainly-Jewish Dems. Friedan, Steinem, Abzug, Shirley Chisholm (1924-2005) (Baptist), Letty Cottin Pogrebin (1939-) et al. form the Nat. Women's Political Caucus, with the motto "A woman's place is in the House" (of Reps.), working for reproductive freedom, affordable child care, and passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA); Pres. Nixon issues a proclamation designing this day as Women's Equality Day at the bequest of House Rep. Abzug; co-founder Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-77) (a black activist from Miss.) utters the soundbyte: "I got a black husband, six feet three, 240 pounds, with a 14 shoe, that I don't want to be liberated from. We are here to work side by side with this black man in trying to bring liberation to all people." On Aug. 26-30 the Third Isle of Wight Festival (last) is attended by 600K (more than Woodstock), and features 50 acts, incl. Joan Baez, Jimi Hendrix, Procol Harum, The Doors, The Who, Jethro Tull, Chicago, Miles Davis, John Sebastian, Joni Mitchell, 10 years After, and Emerson, Lake and Palmer. On Aug. 29 30K march in East Los Angeles for the Chicano Moratorium, a coalition of Mexican-Am. groups who oppose the Vietnam War. On Aug. 31 Peter Yarrow (of Peter, Paul & Mary fame) is arrested for taking "immoral liberties" with a 14-y.-o. girl - tongue in cheek? In Aug. the Social Dem. and Labour Party (SDLP) is formed as an anti-violence alternative to Sinn Fein. In Aug. "the Hunger Doctor" Donald E. Gatch is convicted of maintaining improper records of drugs dispensed by his office in Beaufort County, S.C., despite loudly squawking that it is a railroad job to shut him up for reporting hundreds of cases of malnutrition diseases in 1967, incl. pellagra, rickets, scurvy and Kwashiorkor, mainly in blacks, plus parasite diseases; "They think maybe if they can discredit me they can somehow discredit the fact that there are 20 million malnourished people in this nation." On Sept. 1 Hugh J. Scott of Washington, D.C. becomes the first black suptd. of schools in a major U.S. city; in 1980 he writes the book The Black Superintendent: Messiah or Scapegoat?. On Sept. 1 Panamanian dictator Gen. Omar Torrijos Herrera rejects the 1967 draft agreements on the Panama Canal with the U.S., calling for full repatriation. On Sept. 3 a hailstone is found in Coffeyville, Kan. (get it?) measuring 5.67 in. (14.4 cm) diam. and weighing 1.67 lb. (758 g). The Month the Music Died? On Sept. 3 rock star Alan Christie "Blind Owl" Wilson (b. 1943) dies of an OD in Los Angeles, Calif.; on Sept. 18 rock star James Marshall (Johnny Allen) "Jimi" Hendrix (b. 1942) dies of an OD in London; on Oct. 4 rock star Janis Lyn Joplin (b. 1943) dies of an OD in LA; all die at the same fabled age of 27, joining the fabled 27 Club. On Sept. 3-7 an African People Congress meets in Atlanta, Ga. to study Afro-Am. culture and ideology. The Marxists go outback in South America, gaining a beachhead where the U.S. finds it hard to control the action for once? On Sept. 4 after losing in 1952, 1958, and 1964, avowed Marxist Salvador Isabelino Allende Gossens (1908-73) wins the pres. election in Chile with 36.3% of the vote in a 3-way battle, despite CIA efforts to assassinate him, with the help of ITT (Internat. Telephone & Telegraph); he is sworn-in on Nov. 3 as pres. #29 of Chile (until Sept. 11, 1973), becoming the first Communist pres. freely elected by a non-Communist electorate and the first Marxist head of a govt. in the Western Hemisphere, going on to recognize the Cuban govt. of Fidel Castro and begin nationalizing the economy. On Sept. 6 the Marxist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (founded 1967) attempts to hijack El Al Flight 219 en route from Amsterdam to New York City, but Israeli skymarshals foil it, killing Nicaraguan terrorist Patrick Arguello, and capturing female Palestinian terrorist Leila Khaled (1944-), who is jailed in Britain then released on Oct. 1 in a prisoner swap, becoming the "Poster Girl of Palestinian Militancy". The Black September Crisis begins a neverending blood feud? On Sept. 6 and Sept. 9 after civil war breaks out in half-Palestinian Jordan between the govt. of king (since 1952) Hussein I bin Talal (1935-99) (whose army is all Bedouin) and Palestinian guerrillas of the PLO and PFLP, the latter hijack three jetliners containing 305 hostages, land them in "Revolution Airport" (Dawson's Field) in hard ground desert 30 mi. from PLO-controlled Amman, and invite televised negotiations with the West in an attempt to get Palestinian POWs released, while the Jordanian army surrounds them in a double standoff, becoming the 1st time that Palestinians attack innocents for political gain and publicity; the U.S. plays, but Israel won't negotiate with terrorists, and Jewish hostages are separated out, stirring outrage and almost leading to an Israeli attack; Pres. Nixon orders Palestinian sites in the area to be bombed, but defense secy. Melvin R. Laird fakes him out by claiming bad weather, later admitting he lied?; 105 women and children are released, and end up in a hotel in Amman in the middle of a shooting war before they are shepherded out of the country on Sept. 9; on Sept. 12 the stinking planes are blown up on the ground, and the Jordanian army moves in, but all the hijackers escape with the hostages, holding them for several weeks until PFLP terrorist Leila Khaled is released on Oct. 1; on Sept. 15 PLO leader (since 1968) Yasser Arafat (1929-2004) threatens to make a cemetery of Jordan, and on Sept. 16 Hussein launches a drive to push the PLO into Lebanon, sending his 60th Armored Brigade to attack the Palestinian HQ in Amman, along with Palestinian camps in Irbid, Salt, Sweileh, Baqaa, Wehdat and Zarqa; Yasser Arafat claims that the Jordanian army kills 10K-25K Palestinians, with the survivors being pushed out of the country; this action causes the PFLP to make repeated assassination attempts on Hussein, and hijack four airliners belonging to Swiss Air, Pan AM, TWA and BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation), after which they give up hijacking as a tactic by next year, helped by a secret deal with Switzerland to not attack it in return for diplomatic support?; the Syrians invade in Soviet-built tanks until threats of U.S. and Israeli intervention cause them to withdraw; the militant Palestinian Black Sept. Org. (BSO) is founded in response; on Sept. 21 Hussein sends a plea to Israel for air support via the British embassy, but they don't respond; on Sept. 26 after five Arab leaders led by UAR pres. Gamal Abdel Nasser meet in Cairo, blaming the U.S. for Israel's refusal to give up territory and building settlements, and accusing them of using captured Arab oil resources to help Israel, King Hussein appoints a new "govt. of national reconciliation", with Palestinian leader Ahmed Toukan (1903-81) as PM (until Oct. 28), and a ceasefire is signed on Sept. 27, after which Nasser dies of a heart attack in Cairo on Sept. 28; on Oct. 1 Jordan recognizes Al-Fatah alone among 10 guerrilla groups; the 13-day crisis leaves 2K dead, but Hussein keeps his wobbling crown - I think about it when I'm happy, and I think about it when I'm sad, and then I'm happy again? On Sept. 9 U.S. Marines launch Operation Dubois Square, a 10-day search for North Vietnamese troops near Da Nang. On Sept. 12 after being jailed for marijuana possession, LSD guru Timothy Leary escapes from the State Men's Colony in San Luis Obispo, Calif. with the help of his 3rd wife Rosemary and the Weather Underground, and goes to Algiers and joins Black Panther leader Eldridge Cleaver, who kidnaps the Learys after a political disagreement, after which they escape and flee to Afghanistan, where they are caught in 1974 as internat. fugitive weed wackers - what did Osama bin Laden have that Timothy Leary didn't? On Sept. 12 the supersonic Concorde airliner lands for the 1st time at Heathrow Airport. On Sept. 12 the Soviet Luna 16 spaceship blasts off for the Moon; on Sept. 20 it lands in Mare Fecunditatis and drills a core sample, then returns to Earth on Sept. 24, becoming the first unmanned round trip to the Moon. On Sept. 12 the Sat. morning animated series Josie and the Pussycats debuts for 18 episodes (until Jan. 2, 1971), based on the Archie Comics series about an all-girl pop-rock music band that tours the world and gets into adventures, incl. lead singer Josie, bubble-headed blonde drummer Melody, and intelligent tambourinist Valerie (first female black char. in a Sat. morning cartoon show), along with cowardly mgr. Alexander Cabot III, his conniving sister Alexandra, her cat Sebastian, and muscular roadie Alan; the girls wear leopard print leotards complete with long tails and ears; the opening theme is always played over a chase scene a la The Beatles and The Monkees; on Dec. 5 the album Josie and the Pussycats is released, featuring Cathy Douglas, Patrice Holloway, and Cherie Jean Stoppelmoor, later known as Cheryl Ladd. On Sept. 12-17 the World Congress on the Future of the Church in Brussels, Belgium is attended by 700 "far out" theologians, and ends up recommending democratization and decentralization of the Roman Catholic Church, plus a greater role for women; meanwhile on Sept. 27 Pope Paul VI declares St. Teresa of Avila (1515-82) the first woman doctor of the Church, followed on Oct. 4 by St. Catherine of Siena (1347-80), then on Oct. 12 sends a message to a convention of Catholic physicians, declaring legal abortion the equivalent of infanticide, and calling for "absolute respect for man from the first moment of his conception to his last breath of life" - what role? What democracy? Humanae vitae was just 2 years ago, remember? On Sept. 16 (Wed.) McCloud debuts on NBC-TV for 46 episodes (until Apr. 17, 1977), starring Dennis Weaver (1924-2006) as rustic country deputy marshal Sam McCloud from Taos, N.M., who is assigned to NYPD's 21st precinct, and rides his horse through Manhattan traffic wearing a sheepskin coat and Stetson hat, calling it "the most satisfying role of my career." On Sept. 16 the ITC Entertainment TV series UFO (pr. "you-foh"), debuts for 26 episodes (until July 24, 1971), set in 1980 when the Earth is attacked by aliens from outer space and defended by the Alien Defense Org. starring George Victor "Ed" Bishop (1932-2005) as Cmdr. Ed Straker, and Michael Billington (1941-2005) as Col. Paul Foster; the campy English series features shapely babes in skimpy tight silver suits and purple wigs; the Opening Theme features tank-tracked personnel carriers and 2-man space ships but shows them still using reel-to-reel tape computers. On Sept. 17 (Thur.) The Flip Wilson Show debuts on NBC-TV for 94 episodes (until June 27, 1974), starring Flip Wilson (Clerow Wilson Jr.) (1933-98), who cracks audiences up with his chars. incl. Geraldine Jones the ghetto drag queen, and Rev. Leroy of the Church of What's Happenin' Now; "The Devil made me do it," "I don't smoke and I don't do windows"; "When you're hot, you're hot, when you're not, you're not"; "What you see is what you get"; "Heah come de judge"; reaching #2 in the ratings, signaling the acceptance of blacks on prime-time U.S. TV. On Sept. 19 a man hijacks a Boeing 727 from Pittsburgh, Penn. to Cuba. On Sept. 19 (Sat.) the sitcom Arnie debuts on CBS-TV for 48 episodes (until Mar. 6, 1972), starring Herschel Bernardi (1923-86) as Arnie Nuvo, a blue collar worker at Continental Flange Co. who suddenly gets promoted to mgt., becoming a fish out of water. On Sept. 19 (Sat.) the sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show debuts on CBS-TV for 168 episodes (until Mar. 19, 1977), starring Very Smily Whore (Merry Smiler More?), er, Mary Tyler Moore (1936-2017) as Minneapolis, Minn. newspaper reporter Mary Richards, Edward "Ed" Asner (1929-) (Head In Asser?) as her boss Lou Grant ("You've got spunk; I hate spunk"), Valerie Kathryn Harper (1940-) (Very Harping?) as Mary's Jewish friend Rhoda Morgenstern, Ted Knight (Tadeusz Wladyslaw Konopka) (1923-86) (Dead Night?) as TV news anchor Ted Baxter, Gavin McLeod (Allan George See) (1931-) (Grumbling Out Loud?) as Murray Slaughter, Cloris Leachman (1926-) (Clorox Bleachman?) as Phyllis Lindstrom, and Georgia Bright Engel (1948-) (gorgeous bright angel?) as Georgette Franklin Baxter; the theme song is Love is All Around by Tex.-born Sonny Curtis (1937-), composer of "I Fought the Law". On Sept. 20 Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu (b. 1906) dies, and on Sept. 21 Sultan Abdul Halim (1927-) of Kedah becomes the 5th king (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) of Malaysia (until Sept. 20, 1975). On Sept. 21 the New York Times starts running an Op-Ed page for views opposing theirs. On Sept. 21 Monday Night Football, produced by Roone Arledge (1931-2002) debuts on ABC-TV, with hosts ("I'm just telling it like it is") Howard William Cosell (Cohen) (1918-95) (until 1983), former Dallas Cowboys QB (1960-8) Joseph "Dandy Don" Meredith (1938-), and Keith Jackson (1928-); the Cleveland Browns defeat the visiting New York Jets 31-21; on Nov. 23 ever-schmucky Cosell arrives drunk, slurring his speech and puking on Don Meredith's boots at halftime, leaving the stadium before the 2nd half (Cosell doesn't like ex-jocks who broke into sportscasting); in 1972 former NFL New York Giants star Francis Newton "Frank" Gifford (1930-2015) becomes a host (until 1997); in 1983 Cosell quits after calling football "a stagnant bore". On Sept. 22 Pres. Nixon signs a bill giving the District of Columbia one rep. in the U.S. Congress; Nixon requests 1K new FBI agents for college campuses. On Sept. 24 The Odd Couple, based on the 1965 Neil Simon play debuts on ABC-TV for 114 episodes (until Mar. 7, 1975), starring Tony Randall (1920-2004) as neat photographer Felix Unger, and Jack Klugman (1922-2012) as messy sportswriter Oscar Madison, who share an apt. after Unger is thrown out by his wife Gloria; in the play it's spelled Ungar; in the last episode Unger remarries Gloria and moves out. On Sept. 25 The Partridge Family, modeled after the Cowsills bubble gum music family and produced by Screen Gems (known for "The Monkees") debuts on ABC-TV for 96 episodes (until Mar. 23, 1974), starring Shirley Mae Jones (1934-) as a widowed mother in San Pueblo, Calif. with five children, incl. David Bruce Cassidy (1950-2017) (Jones' real-life stepson) as oldest son and heartthrob Keith, carrot-loving orthorexic Susan Hallock Dey (1952-) as Laurie, Dante Daniel "Danny" Bonaduce (1959-) as Danny, Jeremy R. Gelbwaks (1961-) as Chris, who is replaced in 1971-4 by Brian A. Forster (1960-), and Suzanne J. Crough (1963-2015) as tambourine-playing Tracy; Canadian-born David Joseph "Dave" Madden (1931-2014) plays their mgr. Reuben Kincaid; the Ron Hicklin Singers and Wrecking Crew dub their sound at first, then Cassidy and Jones are allowed to sing. On Sept. 26 the President's Commission on Campus Unrest (Scranton Commission) investigating the Kent State killings finds that "The indiscriminate firing of rifles into a crowd of students and the deaths that followed were unnecessary, unwarranted, and inexcusable"; too bad, a tape emerges, on which some claim they hear a Guard officer issue the command "Right here - get set - point - fire!" - he really said, "Write here, get some fire-red poinsettias"? On Sept. 27 a bus plunges off a cliff outside Myongju in South Korea, killing 15 and injuring 20. On Sept. 28 Egyptian pres. (since June 23, 1956) Gamal Abdel (Abd-Al) Nasser (b. 1918) dies in Cairo of a heart attack, and after an overwhelming vote he is replaced on Oct. 15 by his friend (who was jailed by the British during WWII as a pro-Nazi agent, and helped overthrow King Farouk in 1952) Mohamed Anwar Sadat (el-Sadat) (al-Sadat) (1918-81) as pres. #3 of Egypt (until Oct. 6, 1981), who releases all Muslim Brotherhood political prisoners and promises them that he will fully implement Sharia - his portrait bears a striking resemblance to Hollywood actor Louis Cameron Gossett Jr. (1936-)? On Oct. 2 after Pres. Nixon delivers a Special Message to Congress on July 9, with the soundbyte: "Our national government today is not structured to make a coordinated attack on the pollutants which debase the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land that grows our food. Indeed, the present governmental structure for dealing with environmental pollution often defies effective and concerted action", the U.S. Clean Air Extension (Muskie) Act is passed, amending the 1963 U.S. Clean Air Act; on Dec. 2 Congress creates the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to monitor and protect the public from airborne contaminants, along with the Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin. (NOAA) on Oct. 3, growing to the largest U.S. regulatory agency by 1975, with 9K employees and a budget of $700M a year; on Dec. 12 William Doyle Ruckelshaus (1932-) becomes dir. #1 of the EPA (until Apr. 1973); after legislative pressure, on Dec. 31 Pres. Nixon signs amendments to the act, giving automakers six years to develop engines that are 90% emission-free; too bad, existing smokestack plants are grandfathered, and pollution standards only apply to new plants, causing greedy owners to extend the life of the smoky old plants as long as they can for decades to come - takes my breath away? On Oct. 2 (Fri.) a plane carrying the Wichita State U. football team crashes, killing 30. On Oct. 3 Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass. On Oct. 3 Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass. near Amherst College and the U. of Mass. Amherst (founded 1965) opens; Am. poet Archibald MacLeish (1892-1982) gives the inaugural address, with the soundbyte: "The only confident educational pronouncements of this troubled time have issued, not from the colleges or universities, but from Mr. Spiro Agnew. And all Mr. Spiro Agnew has had to tell us is that the whole thing is the doing of wicked boys and girls egged on by 'the disgusting and permissive attitude of the people in command of the campuses', by which Mr. Agnew means that the troubles would go away if only the troublemakers were eradicated." On Oct. 4 rock singer (Miss Piggy lookalike?) Janis Joplin (b. 1943) is found dead in her Highland Gardens Hotel room in Hollywood Heights, Calif. of a heroin OD, becoming the 2nd major rock star to die at age 27 after Brian Jones (next Jimi Hendrix); "Don't compromise yourself; you are all you've got." On Oct. 4 an army coup in Bolivia forces pres. Alfredo Ovando Candia to resign on Oct. 6, and army chief of staff Gen. Rogelio Miranda Valdivia appoints a ruling junta, but leftist Gen. Juan Jose Torres Gonzalez (1920-76), backed by students and workers overthrows the junta, and he becomes pres. on Oct. 7 (until Aug. 21, 1971); on Oct. 14 workers begin seizing the properties of the state mining corp. COMIBOL, while Torres begins nationalizing numerous foreign firms and expanding ties with the Soviet bloc. On Oct. 5 PBS (Public Broadcasting Service) becomes a network, with 197 stations, featuring high quality programming, incl. Sesame Street and The Forsyte Saga (last major TV series filmed in B&W), gaining a total audience of 45M for its first year. On Oct. 5 the October Montreal Crisis begins when British trade commissioner James Richard Cross (1921-) is abducted by terrorists of the left-wing Front for the Liberation of Quebec (FLQ), followed on Dec. 10 by Quebec labor minister Pierre Laporte (1921-70); the terrorists demand the liberation of 23 political prisoners and payment of a large ransom, which is refused; on Oct. 16 after a request by Quebec PM Robert Bourassa, Canadian PM Pierre Trudeau responds by invoking the War Measures Act in Quebec for 6 mo. (1st time in peacetime), sending 1K troops, while police arrest 450 suspected FLQ members; on Oct. 18 Laporte's strangled body is found in the trunk of an abandoned car; on Dec. 3 Cross is released after 59 days in captivity after the govt. provides an army plane for three kidnappers and four of their relatives to escape to Cuba; on Dec. 28 three suspects in the Laporte murder are arrested; after release, gay separatist leader Pierre Vallieres (Valličres) (1938-98) resigns, calling his separatist org. a "terrorist menace", and on Oct. 4, 1972 accepts a plea bargain of a 1-year suspended sentence for counselling political kidnapping, spending the rest of his life in Montreal's gay district. On Oct. 7 Pres. Nixon gives a televised speech proposing a ceasefire-in-place. On Oct. 8 Soviet dissident writer Alexander (Aleksandr) Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) is named winner of the Nobel Lit. Prize "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"; too bad, he doesn't go to Oslo to receive the award due to fear they won't let him reenter the Soviet Union, which later proves to be correct when they expel him in 1974. On Oct. 9 the anti-Communist pro-U.S. Khmer Repub. of Cambodia declares independence; Son Ngoc Thanh (1908-77), cmdr. of the Khmer Serei guerrillas becomes PM, but is sacked on Oct. 15 Oct. 1972 by Gen. Lon Nol, who begins to rule with an iron hand in an attempt to stop the emerging Communist Khmer Rouge, which is trained and equipped by North Vietnam. On Oct. 10 the South Pacific island group of Fiji declares independence after 96 years of British rule; on Oct. 10 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 287 to admit Fiji. On Oct. 10-15 the Baltimore Orioles (AL) defeat the Cincinnati Reds (NL) 4-1 to win the Sixty-Seventh (67th) (1970) World Series; Orioles 3rd baseman Brooks Calbert Robinson Jr. (1937-), "the Human Vaccum Cleaner" puts in an amazing defensive performance, becoming MVP. On Oct. 12 Pres. Nixon announces the pullout of 40K more U.S. troops from Vietnam by Christmas. On Oct. 12 the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights pub. The Federal Civil Rights Enforcement Effort, concluding that a major breakdown has taken place in the implementation of civil rights legislation caused by a lack of interagency cooordination; meanwhile Daniel Patrick Moynihan tells Pres. Nixon that "the issue of race could benefit from a period of benign neglect". On Oct. 13 Canada establishes diplomatic relations with Communist China and severs relations with Nationalist China, but doesn't recognize the Communist claim to Taiwan. On Oct. 13 French pres. Georges Pompidou visits the Soviet Union, and concludes an agreement "to extend and deepen political consultations on major internat. problems of mutual interest" without prejudice to either party's commitments; meanwhile France begins a civilian nuclear energy program, expanding it rapidly in a vacuum of opposition. On Oct. 15 the U.S. Racketeering and Organized Crime (RICO) Control Act, which incl. the U.S. Organized Crime Control Act is passed, establishing federal jurisdiction over major gambling operations, interstate sale of explosives et al., and making the death penalty mandatory for bombings resulting in loss of life; designed to prosecute Mafia kingpins, it creates the witness protection program; too bad, the loose language and the super power of federal prosecutors leads to it being abused to prosecute white collar criminals incl. Wall Street traders caught using privileged info., and any little fish they want to squash with a steamroller. On Oct. 15 Aeroflot Flight 244 (An-24) is hijacked from Batumi, Adjar, Georgia to Trabzon, Turkey by a Lithuanian national Pranas Brazinskas and his son Algirdas, who in 1983 receive U.S. citizenship despite an air hostess and other crew being injured in a shootout; in 2002 Algirdas (Albert Victor White) is convicted of murdering his daddy Pranas in a family argument. On Oct. 21 777 Unification Church couples are wed simultaneously in Korea. On Oct. 22 the U.S. Merchant Marine Act provides for 300 ships to be built over the next 10 years to make the U.S. a first-rate maritime power; too bad, it fails to revitalize the U.S. merchant marine. On Oct. 24 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 2625 is adopted, titled "The Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States", commemorating the 25th anniv. of the U.N., defining the most authoritative and comprehensive formulation of the principle of self-determination, with the soundbyte: "The principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations" embraces the right of all peoples "freely to determine, without external interference, their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development" as well as the duty of every State "to respect this right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter; it adds: "The establishment of a sovereign and independent State, the free association or integration with an independent State, or the emergence into any other political status freely determined by a people constitute modes of implementing the right of self-determination", stressing as the critical issue the methods of reaching the decision rather than the result. On Oct. 24 Pres. Nixon repudiates the Sept. Report of the U.S. Nat. Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (founded 1967) that porno is not a contributing factor to crime and should be freely available to adults, calling it morally bankrupt, and stirring criticism that he has a cute, er, is biased?; meanwhile Jesuit priest Morton A. Hill (1917-85) calls it a "Magna Carta for pornography", and later gets his day when a 1986 report declares that porno can lead to violence. On Oct. 26 Doonesbury, by New York City-born cartoonist Garretson Beekman "Garry" Trudeau (1948-), about Michael J. Doonesbury (who comments on U.S. military involvement in Vietnam) begins pub. (until ?), starting in the Yale Daily News under the title "Bull Tales", then spreading to 25 newspapers through the new Universal Press Syndicate (UPS), founded by John McMeel and Jim Andrews, ultimately reaching over 300, and later becoming the first comic strip to win the Pulitzer Prize (1975). On Oct. 26 Pres. Nixon opens Congress to lobbyists for the first time. On Oct. 27 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, which incl. the U.S. Controlled Substances Act, establishing five categories of regulated drugs, with Schedule I created for those with no accepted medical use incl. LSD, Mescaline, Psilocybin, DMT, DMT, and Marijuana, shutting down medical research - and criminalizing so much human behavior that it fills the Bill of Rights with more holes than a Swiss cheese? Should this be called a bailout? On Oct. 30 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Rail Passenger Service Act, creating the Nat. Railroad Passenger Corp. (Amtrak) to operate U.S. passenger trains under contract with U.S. railroads, who are only making money on freight runs; they take over next May 1, ending service to many cities. On Oct. 30 L. Rosas hijacks a DC-8 from Miami, Fla. to Cuba. In Oct. the 1st Bathurst Gaol Riot in N.S.W., Australia over poor living conditions is punished by officials with the "Bathurst Batterings", fomenting a bigger riot in Feb. 1974. On Nov. 1 a discotheque in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont (near Grenoble), France burns with all exits padlocked, killing 146. On Nov. 1 a Mexican man accompanied by his two children hijacks a Boeing 727 from San Diego, Calif. to Cuba. On Nov. 3 Pres. Nixon promises gradual troop removal from Vietnam. On Nov. 3 France enacts decentralizing admin. reform, giving local authorities more power. On Nov. 3 exiled Yugoslavian king (1934-45) Peter II (b. 1923) dies in a hospital in Los Angeles, Calif., and is buried in the Liberty Easter Serbian Orthodox Monastery in Liberty, Ill., becoming the first Euro monarch to die and be buried in the U.S. - most queens can't wait to take off their heels? On Nov. 3 antiwar activist Jane Fonda is arrested in Cleveland, Ohio for drug smuggling, and kicks an officer. On Nov. 3-13 the 150 mph 1970 Bhola Cyclone in E Pakistan and W Bengal results in a storm surge that floods the low-lying islands of the Ganges Dleta, killing 500K and causing $86.4M damage, becoming the deadliest tropical cyclone in history (until ?). On Nov. 4 Soviet nuclear physicists Andre Sakharov et al. form the Moscow Human Rights Committee, causing the govt. to begin putting him under increasing pressure to STF, er, shut up. On Nov. 4 the French Concorde exceeds Mach 2 for the 1st time. On Nov. 6 hardliner Hedi Amira Nouira (1911-93) becomes PM of Tunisia, and the designated successor to pro-Western Kemal Ataturk clone pres. (July 25, 1957-Nov. 7, 1987) Habib Bourguiba (1903-2000, who is declared pres. for life in Mar. 1975; too bad, after working to turn away from socialism to privatization, Nouira has a stroke in Mar. 1980, and steps down on Apr. 25, 1980. On Nov. 7 race riots take place in Daytona Beach, Fla. On Nov. 11 U.S. Army Special Forces raid the Son Tay Prison Camp in North Vietnam but find no POWs - a security leak? On Nov. 13 defense minister Lt. Gen. Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000), leader of the military wing of the Ba'th Party overthrows the civilian govt. of Syria in a bloodless coup, becoming PM on Nov. 21 (until Apr. 3, 1971), followed by pres. on Feb. 22, 1971 (until June 10, 2000), ruling with an iron hand with a huge secret service; while Syria's pop. is 70% Sunni, the minority (12%) are Shiite Allawites (Alawites) (Alawis) (Nusayris) (Ansaris), who don't practice Sharia and are viewed as heretics by both Sunnis and Shiites, and packed the military to stage the coup, and al-Assad Anwar al-Sadat of Egypt calls him Allawite first, Baathist second, and Syrian third. On Nov. 13 South Korean laborer Chon T'ae-il immolates himself to protest exploitation of labor, becoming a martyr for the growing labor union movement. On Nov. 13 the Colour Strike (ends Feb. 8) begins in the U.K. by technicians of ITV, who protest low pay by broadcasting only in black and white. On Nov. 13 a man hijacks an airliner from Raleigh, N.C. to Cuba. On Nov. 13-15 a cyclone in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) from the Bay of Bengal leaves 200K dead, 100K missing, and 3M homeless - as bad as if they were nuked? On Nov. 14 (7:36 p.m.) Southern Airways Flight 932 (DC-9), carrying 37 Marshall U. Thundering Herd football players plus coaches and boosters crashes in Huntington, W.V., killing all 75 aboard. On Nov. 17 the Soviet Union lands the Lunokhod I unmanned remote-controlled vehicle on the Moon. On Nov. 20 the 1970 Miss World Pageant in the Royal Albert Hall in London is won by black contestant Jennifer Josephine Hosten (1953-) of Grenada; black contestant Pearl Jansen from South Africa places 2nd; Irith Lavi from Israel places 3rd; too bad, judge Sir Eric Matthew Gairy (1920-97) (PM of Grenada since 1967) apparently rigs the results, making her the winner with only two firsts, while blonde white Swedish contestant Marjorie Christel Johansson, who received four firsts comes in #4, causing a protest outside the hall, after which dir. Julia Morley (1941-) resigns, and Johannsson later says she has been cheated; other judges incl. Glen Campbell, Joan Collins, and Nina. On Nov. 21 U.S. planes stage widespread bombing raids in North Vietnam - turn on the Wagner, boys? On Nov. 22 Elizabeth Alvina Platz becomes the first female pastor ordained by the Lutheran Church On Nov. 22 a bus plunges into a creek outside Reconquista, Santa Fe, Argentina, killing 56. On Nov. 23 Pope Paul VI issues the encyclical Motu Proprio, decreeing a voluntary retirement age of 75 for Curia officials and that cardinals past 80 should no longer vote for pope - their sperm motility is no longer appropriate, and that's as far as we'll go with democratization at this time? On Nov. 23-28 the Tenth Congress of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party reaffirms its support of the Soviet Union, while attempting a cautious economic liberalization under the shadow of the Soviet tank nozzles. On Nov. 26-Dec. 6 Pope Paul VI goes on a journey through Southeast Asia, the Philippines, Samoa, and Australia; on Nov. 27 (9:30 a.m.) after disembarking from his chartered DC-8 jet he is slightly wounded at the Manila airport by kris-wielding surrealist Bolivian painter Benjamin Mendoza y Amor Flores (1935-), who later utters the soundbyte "I acted alone to save humanity from superstition"; on Apr. 21, 1971 Mendoza is sentenced to an indefinite prison sentence, and later released from Manila's Bilibid Prison and deported to Bolivia - disguised as a priest? On Nov. 27 Syria joins the pact linking Libya, Egypt, and Sudan. Divorce, Italian style? In Nov. in U.S. v. Texas, LBJ-appointee activist Texas judge William Wayne Justice (1920-2009) orders the Texas Education Agency to begin desegregating Tex. public schools, covering 1K school districts and 2M students; in 1978 he strikes down a Tex. law allowing them to charge tuition to the children of illegal immigrants, which is upheld 5-4 by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1982; in 1972 after a handwritten complaint about living conditions from Tex. prison inmate David Ruiz (1942-2005) in 1972, resulting in Ruiz v. Estelle, Justice begins a complete overhaul of the Tex. prison system. Welcome to Last Comic Standing? The once almighty Roman Catholic Church is reduced to soundbyte artists? In Nov. anti-war anti-desegregation human rights activist (dean of Boston College Law School since 1956) Rev. Robert Frederick Drinan (1920-2007) (a Jesuit who just returned from a trip to Vietnam where he claims to have discovered that the number of political prisoners being held in South Vietnam is rapidly increasing) becomes the first Roman Catholic priest elected to serve as a voting member of the U.S. Congress, over the objections of his superiors, after defeating longtime Dem. Rep. Philip J. Philbin in a primary; after urging the Church to condemn the Vietnam War as "morally objectionable" and becoming the first member of Congress to call for Nixon's impeachment (for the undeclared war against Cambodia) he steps down in 1980 after Pope John Paul II issues a worldwide directive barring priests from holding public office; he later testifies against Clinton's impeachment, saying that it should be for an official not private blow, er, act; the only other Roman Catholic priest to serve in Congress is Robert John Cornell (1919-) of the White Canon Norbertine Order, who is elected to two House Terms in Wisc. and serves from Jan. 1975-Jan. 1979. On Dec. 1 the Italian Parliament approves the first Italian Divorce Law; after attempts by Roman Catholic clergy to overturn it, the first constitutional referendum in Italian constitutional history on May 12, 1972 confirms it by 59.3%. On Dec. 1 the Canadian House passes the Public Order (Temporary Measures) Act, replacing the more stringent War Measures Act, allowing warrantless arrest and detention for up to a week. On Dec. 2 the U.S. Senate votes to give 48K acres of New Mexico back to the Taos Indians. On Dec. 7 Poland and West Germany sign a pact renouncing the use of force to settle disputes, recognizing the Oder-Neisse River as Poland's W frontier, assenting to repatriation of Germans living E of the frontier, and acknowledging transfer to Poland of 40K sq. mi. of former German territory, making Poland Europe's 5th largest country, compared with #1 in 1571 and 1771, and not even on the map in 1871; on Dec. 14 riots begin in Gdansk (Danzig) by shipyard and factory workers over high prices and shortages caused by several years of poor harvests, spreading throughout Poland, causing defense minister Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski to impose martial law; on Dec. 17 riot police under Jaruzelski's orders fire on protesting workers, killing 44; on Dec. 20 popular unrest forces Communist party chief Wladyslaw Gomulka to resign in favor of Edward Gierek (1913-2001) of Upper Silesia, who becomes first secy. of the Polish United Workers' Party (until Sept. 5, 1980); on Dec. 23 Gen. Piotr Jaroszewicz (1909-92) becomes PM of Poland (until Feb. 18, 1980). On Dec. 11 Pres. Nixon announces the appointment of not-a-CIA-man-not George Herbert Walker Bush as a U.S. delegate to the U.N. On Dec. 16 Rod Serling's horror-fantasy-scifi anthology series Night Gallery debuts for 43 episodes on NBC-TV (until May 27, 1973), with each episode introduced by Serling in an art gallery in front of a macabre painting by Thomas J. Wright, with the soundbyte: Good evening, and welcome to a private showing of three paintings, displayed here for the first time. Each is a collector's item in its own way - not because of any special artistic quality, but because each captures on a canvas, suspends in time and space, a frozen moment of a nightmare"; the pilot on Nov. 8, 1969 features the dir. debut of Steven Spielberg and one of the last performances by Joan Crawford. On Dec. 18 an atomic leak in Nevada forces hundreds to flee the test site. On Dec. 19 a man hijacks a DC-9 en route from Albuquerque, N.M., and is captured in Tulsa, Okla. before he can reach Cuba; he is sentenced to five years. On Dec. 21 Judo-loving Elvis Presley meets with Pres. Nixon, tells him the Beatles promote anti-U.S. interests, and asks to be made into a narc, receiving a badge - thank you very much? On Dec. 24 nine GIs are killed and nine wounded by friendly fire in Vietnam - SNAFU? On Dec. 27 Hello, Dolly! closes on Broadway after 2,844 perf. On Dec. 29 the Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, effective next Apr. 28, creating the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Admin. (OSHA) and Nat. Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to reduce workplace injuries, often at great expense. On Dec. 30 the U.S. Poison Prevention Packaging Act is passed, requiring childproof safety tops on containers by 1972, after which fatalities drop; meanwhile in Dec. the FDA recalls canned tuna with mercury levels over 0.5 PPM, affecting nearly 25% of all canned tuna; next spring they find that only 3% (200K out of 6M cases) exceeds their guidelines; meanwhile Alaskan fur seals are found to be contaminated with mercury, causing iron supplement pills made from seal liver to be taken off the market. On Dec. 31 the U.S. Congress passes the U.S. Bank Holding Co. Act (BHCA) Amendments, clarifying the 1956 BHCA, withdrawing silver from the dollar coin and replacing it with copper and nickel, requiring the Federal Reserve Board to regulate bank holding cos., and establishing permissible and non-permissible non-bank activities. On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Avg. closes at 838.92 (vs. 800.36 at the end of 1969). In Dec. Pakistan holds its first gen. election ever; 171 of 300 seats go to Sheik Mujibur Rahman's Awami League in East Pakistan, which is fighting for greater autonomy from West Pakistan. In Dec. aging Croatian-born Yugoslav pres. (since 1945) Josip Broz Tito (1892-1980) announces that he will be succeeded by a collective leadership under a new constitution; after being reelected for the 6th time next year, he gets the new constitution passed on May 16, 1974, and on June 23, 1978 is named pres. for life. In Dec. OPEC meets in Caracas, Venezuela, and agrees to raise oil prices and taxes. In Dec. Barbara Louise Andrews becomes the first woman pastor of the sister Am. Lutheran Church, and they merge in 1988 to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Am. In Dec. a poll shows that 84% of Americans favor some kind of plan to withdraw U.S. troops from Vietnam, and 38% are willing to do it slowly or wait until the South Vietnamese are ready to take over, but almost 50% want it done immediately or at most within 18 mo.; meanwhile Pres. Nixon says that a quick withdrawal "would be a disaster not only for South Vietnam but for the United States and for the cause of peace", and would be the "first defeat in our nation's history and would result in a collapse of confidence in American leadership... throughout the world", wanting it to end "with honor"; privately he blames them *!?!? liberals, saying "They hate us, the country, themselves, their wives, everything they do - these liberals", and tells Henry Kissinger "They are a lost generation. They have no reason to live anymore" - soon he'll be saying that about himself? After being made Czech ambassador to Turkey last year in hopes that he would defect to the West, Prague Spring (1968-9) man Alexander Dubcek (1921-92) is expelled from the Communist Party and kicked out of the govt., ending up in the forestry service in Slovakia; after the 1 989 Velvet Rev. he makes a comeback as speaker of the federal assembly. Prince Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz (1933-) becomes internal minister of Saudi Arabia (until ?). Golda Meir visits London. Emperor Haile Selassie I embarks on his first official visit to Italy since the 1935 Italian takeover of Ethiopia - how does he like his food? Pakistani-born Bashir Maan (1926-) becomes the first Muslim elected to a public office in the U.K., becoming Labour councillor for the Kingston ward of Glasgow, Scotland. Ginnie Mae issues the first Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS) in the U.S.; eventually Ginnie Mae and Fanny Mae increase the rate of home ownership in the U.S. The Nat. Industrial Conference Board (NICB) (founded 1916) changes its name to the Conference Board, compiling info. on U.S. business activity - I just bought a small island? Raleigh, N.C. newspaper reporter Jesse Helms (b. 1921) switches from the Dem. to the Repub. Party - that way your armpits smell really good? The Calif. Environmental Quality Act is passed, requiring developers to produce an environmental impact report on any new project. The Nat. Confederation of Peasant Settlements (CONAC) is founded in Panama to facilitate the dispersal of 4.4% of the nation's agricultural lands. Uganda establishes gun control, leaving Christians unable to defend themselves from ethnic cleaning, which kills 300K 1979. The Philippines experiences an economic crisis accompanied by civil unrest. Japanese self-defense forces reach 250K, becoming the fastest growing military force in the world - just a yoctosecond? Bowdoin College in Maine begins admitting women. The shooting of tigers is banned in India - in the woods? Thunder Bay, Ont. in Canada on Lake Superior is created from the twin cities of Port Arthur and Fort William. Garrick Ohlsson (1948-) becomes the first U.S. citizen to win first prize in the Internat. Frederick Chopin Piano Competition. Off-Broadway Theater comes into its own this year, winning most of the drama awards, incl. the Pulitzer Prize for drama, which goes to black playwright Charles Gordone (1925-95) for No Place to Be Somebody (1969); the Manhattan Theatre Club at 311 West 43rd St. is founded as an Off-Off-Broadway showcase, growing into a top theater org. that wins 19 Tony Awards, 48 Obie Awards, 32 Drama Desk Awards, six Pulitzer Prizes et al. The first annual Pianola statuettes are awarded to composers and lyric writers of hit songs chosen for the Songwriters' Hall of Fame, founded last year by Johnny Mercer (1909-76), Abe Olman, and Howie Richmond. The Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame is founded in Nashville, Tenn. by the Nashville Songwriters Foundation. New York City reporter Jimmy Breslin (1930-) is beaten up at the Suite restaurant (owned by Lucchese crime family assoc. Henry Hill) by mobster James "Jimmy the Gent" Burke (1931-96) after getting pissed-off at an article he wrote about family member Paul Frank "Paulie" Vario (1914-88). Ga.-born Cecil Burke Day (1934-78) founds Days Inn on Tybee Island, Ga., going on to coin the slogan "budget luxury" - not Cecil Day-Lewis (1904-72), that's the British poet laureate? English singer John Robert "Joe" Cocker (1944-) makes his North Am. Mad Dogs and Englishmen Tour. The Nat. Org. for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) is founded in Washington, D.C. to lobby for legalization of marijuana by atty. Keith Stroup (1943-); meanwhile drug-sniffing dogs are first used on a large scale by the U.S. Bureau of Customs, locating over 6 tons of marijuana, 650 lbs. of hashish, 4K marijuana cigarettes, 35 lbs. of opium, and 300 grams of heroin. Early in this decade the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau popularizes the term "The Big Apple" in an ad campaign; it comes from New Orleans jazz slang for "the big time". Early in this decade the far leftist Green Party arose for push environmental issues; in 1972 the Popular Movement for the Environment is founded in Neuchatel, Switzerland, becoming the first in Europe; in Feb. 1973 the PEOPLE Party is founded in Britain, becoming the first nat. green party in Europe; in 1980 the German Green Party is founded to oppose nuclear power, forming the Red-Green (Watermelon?) Alliance with the Social Dem. Party in 1998-2005, reaching an agreement in 2001 to end reliance on nuclear power; they eventually all coalesce around the globalist Marxist program of the U.N. and its IPCC that pushes CO2-driven global warming as the golden ticket to foisting global Marxism; the German Green Party has roots in the Nazi Party, which hated nuclear power and loved wind power? In this decade the U.S. steel industry enters a steep decline, creating the Rust Belt in the Midwest and Great Lakes from W N.Y. through Penn., W. Va., Ohio, Ind., Lower Peninsula of Mich. to N Ill., E Iowa, and SE Wisc. In this decade the Tiny house movement begins, inspired by Henry David Thoreau's Walden", ramping up to a mass movement in the late 1990s, with houses of 400 sq. ft. or less that can be placed anywhere, with many being green and nearly self-sufficient. In this decade U.S. toilet paper manufacturers quit dying their product. Anthrax vaccine is approved by the USDA. The nonviolent socialist Liberty Union Party is founded by former U.S. Rep. (D-Vt.) (1959-61) William Henry Meyer (1914-83) (most leftist member of Congress in 1937-2002) et al. out of members of the anti-war and people's party movements; Bernie Sanders joins in 1971. Pope Paul VI declares priestly celibacy to be a fundamental principle of the Roman Catholic Church - send in the clowns or run for cover? James Finley of St. Paul, Minn. sues the U.S. govt. for $500K after treatment in a Veterans hospital turns his black skin white - where does Michael Jackson sign up? German photographer Horst Tappe (1938-2005) gains fame for a photo of Russian "Lolita" novelist Vladimir Nabokov wearing knee pants and holding a butterfly net near the Montreux Palace Hotel in Switzerland, where he met him in 1962 after an introduction by actor Peter Ustinov. MGM Studios sells its entire collection of props for $10M in a 10-day auction, incl. Judy Garland's ruby slippers and Clark Gable's trench coat, in an attempt to save itself from bankruptcy (they only net $1.4M after paying the auction house); by the end of the year MGM has only three pictures shooting, none on their home lot; meanwhile, 20th Century-Fox is also teetering, having only three pictures shooting in Dec., and lucking out when a bank decides not to foreclose on a multi-million dollar loan; studio head Richard D. Zanuck is ousted at the end of the year; both MGM and Warner Brothers give up their costly HQs in New York City. British censor John Trevelyan comments about the new sexual freedom in U.S. movies: "The Americans are nice people but right now they're behaving like small boys who've just discovered what sex is"; 10 years earlier he stated about his calling: "We are paid to have dirty minds." The U.S. Forest Service launches Woodsy Owl (a great horned owl) as an alternative to Smokey Bear for city kids, with the motto "Give a hoot. Don't pollute", also "Lend a hand - care for the land". In this decade the Language Poets postmodernist avant garde group of poets emerges in the U.S., incl. Bruce Andrews, Rae Armantrout, Charles Bernstein, Clark Coolidge, Alan Davies, Tina Darragh, Carla Harryman, Lyn Hejinian, Susan Howe, Tom Mandel, Bob Perelman, Ron Silliman, Barrett Watten, and Hannah Weiner, producing poetry that challenges the "natural" presence of a speaker behind the text, emphasizes disjunction and the materiality of the signifier, and likes long prose poetry; In 1971 they found This mag. (until 1982); in Feb. 1978 they found L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E mag. (until Oct 1981). Shanghai sea baron C.Y. Tung (1912-82) buys the Queen Elizabeth I to use as a floating univ. called Seawise U. - C will mean seasick? The U.S. House Education and Labor Committee holds the first-ever hearings on sex discrimination in education. With the soundbyte "Everybody's organized but the people", John William Gardner (1912-2002), (former U.S. HEW secy. under LBJ) founds Common Cause, a nonpartisan lobbying group based in Washington, D.C., and becomes its first. pres. (until 1977), gaining 100K contributors within a year to help it work for U.S. pullout from Vietnam, reform of the campaign financing system, and increased govt. transparency; by 1974 its membership is 320K, but it falls to 200K by the end of the cent. Despite legal action, U.S. Army engineers sink an obsolete Liberty Ship carrying 12,540 canisters of nerve gas off Abaco Shores in the Bahamas in 16K ft. of water; the canisters finally rust through in ? The Soviets begin building a naval base in Ras Banas in E Egypt on the Red Sea; it is kept secret until the Israelis expose it in 1972; in 1979 Egypt begins long drawn-out negotiations with the U.S. to use it. 87-y.-o. Am. environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1890-1998) founds Friends of the Everglades, taking on a proposed jetport, Big Sugar, and the Army Corps of Engineers. New Yorker writer Rogers E.M. Whitaker (1900-81) AKA E.M. Frimbo, World's Greatest Railroad Buff testifies before the Interstate Commerce Commission to argue against the Penn Central's plan to elminate all 34 of its long distance passenger trains. Texaco begins dumping 18.5B gal. of toxic waste into rivers, estuaries and 650 pits, polluting 2.5M acres of pristine rain forest in 1970-92 while making $30B in profits; after merging with Chevron in 2001, 30K rain forest dwellers file a class action suit in 2003, which is settled in ?. Cuban pres. Fidel Castro announces a "10 Million Tons of Sugar Harvest" program, and sells 400K tons for cash on the world market. The Gray Panthers are founded by Maggie Kuhn (1905-95) after she is forced into retirement by a mandatory retirement age - watch those cake and pie bombs? Am. blonde white actress Jean Seberg (1938-79), who became an outspoken supporter of the NAACP and Native Am. groups, and also supports the Black Panther Party is framed by FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover with Pres. Nixon's approval when she becomes 7 mo. pregnant, leaking a false story that the father is not her 2nd hubby, Russian-born white French film dir. Romain Gary (1914-80) but big black buck Bobby Seale from the Panthers; after the girl is born premature on Aug. 23 and dies on Aug. 25, she shows her photo to the press to prove that it ain't a mule ah toe, blaming the infant's death on the trauma of the publicity; the baby is later revealed to have been fathered by Carlos Navarra; she turns into a suicidal alcoholic and prescription drug addict, and doesn't last the decade before turning up dead in the back seat of her car in Paris. In this decade Israel begins using the term Hasbara to describe its "overseas image-building" public relations campaign to combat negative press. In this decade writer Norman Mailer turns into the Richard Burton of writers, sticking to the sauce and poontang and getting into debt, causing him to ruin his promise of being the next Henry Adams and descend into writing coffee-table books? In this decade the word Islamism is coined in France to describe Muslims who have turned Islam into a political system and seek world domination, spawning extremistsand terrorists. By this year almost all of the great old Hollywood movie corps. are taken over or being taken over by conglomerates; meanwhile Am. actor Elliott Gould (1938-) becomes the big new Hollywood star, and Maggie Smith (1934-) of England makes it big on the stage; Burt Bacharach (1928-) makes it big in popular music with Academy Awards for the score of "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" and the song "Raindrops Keep Falling on My Head". John Field retires as artistic dir. (since 1956) of the Royal Ballet in England, and is succeeded by Scottish-born Sir Kenneth MacMillan (1929-92) (until 1977). 94-y.-o. Spanish cellist Pablo Casals (1876-1973) conducts a rehearsal of an all-cello ensemble in his honor at New York's Philharmonic Hall. Russian ballerina Natalia Romanovna Makarova (1940-) defects to the West from the Kirov Ballet in London, going on to join the Am. Ballet Theater in New York City. The New York City Ballet stages its 500th perf. of Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker". Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony #13 is first conducted in the U.S. by Eugene Ormandy, and his Symphony #14 is first conducted in England by Benjamin Britten; he dies in 1975 at age 69. - the Russkies are mellowing out? Despite a decade of rock & roll, classical music is getting fresh infusions, incl. four sopranos in one year? Am. mezzo-soprano Frederica "Flicka" von Stade (1945-) makes her Metropolitan Debut on Jan. 11 as the Third Boy in Mozart's 1791 opera "Die Zauberflote"; next July 30 she and Kiwi soprano Kiri Te Kanawa (1944-) appear as Cherubino and the Countess in Mozart's "The Marriage of Figaro" at the Santa Fe Opera, causing their opera careers to take off, with Kanawa going on to repeat her perf. next Dec. 1 at Covent Garden, wowing the audience with Porgi Amor; meanwhile on Jan. 19 Am. soprano Judith Blegen (1941-) makes her Metropolitan Opera debut as Papagena in "Die Zauberflote", and Am. mezzo-soprano Marilyn Horne (1934-) makes her Metropolitan Opera debut on Mar. 3 as Adalgisa in Verdi's 1871 "Aida", starring Joan Sutherland. James Lawrence Levine (1943-) debuts on June 5 at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City as conductor for a perf. of "Tosca", becoming dir. in 1976 (until ?). Ada Louise Huxtable (1921-) of the New York Times wins the Pulitzer Prize for architecture criticism. Smithsonian Mag. begins pub. Aion is founded by Janice Mirikitani (1941-), becoming the first Asian-Am. lit. journal. Essence for black women begins pub. in New York City, with a circ. of 50K, growing to 1M by 1994. Wall $treet Week, hosted by Louis Rukeyser (1933-2006) begins airing on PBS-TV. British superstar actor Sir (since 1947) Laurence Olivier (1907-89) is created Baron Olivier of Brighton, becoming the first English actor to be promoted to lord. Beirut-born dyslexic Paul J. Orfalea (1947-) (nicknamed Kinko for his curly red hair) founds Kinko's copy machine store chain near the U. of Calif. in Santa Barbara for college students, having to drag the copy machine onto the sidewalk for space; by 1998 it grows to 900+ 24-hour shops producing 16B copies a year. The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project to build a prototype modular liquid metal fast breeder reactor is authorized, and funded in 1972; able to provide power in increments of 125MW per hour, vs. 1.2K MW per hour of conventional reactors, it proves controversial, and after cost overruns, on Oct. 26, 1983 the U.S. Congress ends funding. After Adams became disgusted seeing raw sewage floating by on the Hudson River as he sat on a bench in Battery Park eating a liverwurst sandwich, the Nat. Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is founded in New York City by attys. John Hamilton Adams (1932-) (exec. dir.), Richard E. Ayres, John E. Bryson (1943-), James Gustave "Gus" Speth (1942-) (senior atty. until 1977), and Edward L. Strohbehn Jr. to fight for environmental causes, growing to 3M members and a staff of 700 lawyers, scientists, and policy experts by 2019, feeding its climate and clean air program, save the bees program, anti-nuclear weapons program, water quality program et al.; no surprise, starting in 2017 they begin soliciting donations to help them fight Pres. Trump. Betty Penrose of Phoenix, Ariz. files a $100K suit against God after her home is struck by lightning; she wins when the defendant fails to appear in court - now try to collect? The 1970 Nobel Peace Prize goes to U.S. plant breeder Norman Ernest Borlaug (1914-2009) for his development of high-yield wheat varieties, for which he becomes known as the "Father of the Green Revolution", which is a big success in India under agriculture minister Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000); too bad, in his Dec. 10 Nobel Prize acceptance speech, he says that the battle is only won for maybe another 30 years and that only pop. control can save the Earth; longtime agriculture expert (U.S. adviser to South Vietnam from 1955-61) Wolf Isaac Ladejinsky (1899-1975) warns that Borlaug's high-yield grains require large amounts of chemical fertilizers and machines that will entice landlords to evict small farmers. Exeter College in Exeter, Devon, England is founded as England's first tertiary college. The Sorbonne (U. of Paris) (founded in the mid-12th cent.) is split into 13 autonomous univs. Conceptual Art and Conceptual Aspects, the first dedicated conceptual art exhibition is hosted in the New York Cultural Center. The City U. of New York (CUNY) (founded in 1847) adopts an open admissions policy to accommodate minorities, and by 2016 the student body comes from 200+ countries, with white, black, and Hispanic pops. each comprising 25%+, and Asians 18%; in 1976 after enrollment swells from 174K to 268K it begins charging tuition. Celestial Seasonings is founded in Boulder, Colo. by herb-flower nuts Mo Siegel (1951-), John D. Hay et al., who gather them from the local Flatirons in the Rocky Mts.; after major growth they are acquired by Kraft Foods in 1984. The Harlem Children's Zone in Harlem, N.Y. is founded for poor mostly black children. Canadian soprano Lois Jeanette McDonall (1939-) joins the Salder's Wells (English Nat.) Opera in London (until 1984), going on to debut at Covent Garden in 1975 in Richard Strauss' 1919 opera "Die Frau ohne Schatten" (The Woman without a Shadow). John Lennon hires Chinese-Am. personal asst. May Fung Yee (Chin. "Phoenix Bird") Pang (1950-), and in 1973 he leaves Yoko Ono and spends an 18-mo. "Lost Weekend" with her until 1975 - she may fung my pang too? Assoc. of Community Orgs. for Reform Now (ACORN) is founded in Little Rock, Ark. by Nat. Welfare Rights Org. member Wade Rathke (1948-) et al. as a grassroots neighborhood org. to help the working and non-working poor; it spreads to 20 cities by 1980, and 100 by 2009. Earth First! is founded in Jackson, Wyo. by Mike Roselle to use civil disobedience on public lands to try to save old growth forests through monkey-wrenching, tree-spiking etc.; in 1987 Roselle scales Mt. Rushmore and hangs a giant gas mask on Washington's face, spending 4 mo. in jail. The Feminist Press is founded by Florence Howe (1929-) to reprint books by feminist writers. The $50K biennial Neustadt Internat. Prize for Lit. is established by the U. of Okla., publisher of World Lit. Today, becoming known as the "American Nobel" after multiple awardees get awarded Nobels; the first U.S. winner is poet Elizabeth Bishop (1976). Haight-Ashbury hippie leader Stephen Gaskin (1935-) leads a 60-vehicle caravan to Tenn. and founds "The Farm" 60 mi. SW of Nashville, which the Wall St. Journal calls "the General Motors of American Communes"; in 1974 he founds Plenty Internat. to provide environmental, humanitarian, and human rights aid. Ford introduces the Boss 429 Lawman Mustang, with a 429 cubic in. hemi-head V-8, producing a total of 499 of them for lucky pluckers with unlimited insurance. After convincing Nissan to set up Nissan Motor Co. USA, Datsun 240Z (original name "Fairlady") affordable high performance sports car; in 1996-7 Nissan runs ads featuring Am. actor Dale Ishimoto (1923-2004) as Mr. K. Ralston Purina's Meow Mix cat food debuts, with the Meow Mix Jingle by Shelton Leigh "Shelly" Palmer: "I want tuna, I want chicken, Meow Mix flavors keep me lickin'", with the slogan "Tastes so good, cats ask for it by name". For the first time U.S. women balk at the dictates of the fashion industry, refusing to buy the new midiskirt; meanwhile Dupont's patent on polyester expires, allowing competitors to produce it, and polyester wins 41% of the U.S. fabric market vs. 40% for cotton; in 1960 manmade fabrics only had 28% of the market, and now have 56%. Like the movie says, "Plastic!" dominates the U.S. home furnishings market in this decade with the new curved look. Bill Blass (1922-2002) founds his own label Bill Blass Ltd., becoming known for wearable menswear, luggage and airline uniforms, growing to $700M sales in 1998. In this decade because of rising prices, High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) AKA Glucose-Fructose Syrup begins replacing sugar as the primary sweetener in soft drinks, ice cream, canned and frozen foods, et al.; meanwhile obesity and Type 2 diabetes begin to rise to epidemic proportions (until ?); avg. annual U.S. per-capita consumption: 1 lb. in 1972, 10 lbs. in 1977, 62.2 lbs. in 2001; HFCS is no more unhealthy than table sugar? In this decade the Alaska Independence Party is founded, seeking secession from the U.S.; it is officially recognized as a political party by the state of Alaska in 1984. In this decade the elephant pop. of the Serengeti Nat. Park in NW Tanzania is decimated by ivory hunters, collapsing from 2,460 to 500 by 1990 until the internat. ivory ban allow them to come back. Hiroshima, Japan-born fashion designer Issey Miyake (1938-) founds the Miyake Design Studio in Tokyo to produce high-end women's fashion, pioneering memory pleating using heat-pressed layers of paper, going on to produce technology-driven clothing incl. the 1994 flying saucer dress, L'eau d'Issey cologne, and black mock turtleneck shirts for Steve Jobs of Apple. In this decade Am. economist Arthur Melvin "Art" Okun (1928-80) develops the Misery Index, which is used by U.S. presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan in their campaigns. In this decade Personnel Economics is founded by Edward Paul "Ed" Lazear (1948-), Bengt Robert Holmstrom (Holmström) (1949-), Sherwin Rosen (1938-2001) et al. to study the relationship between wages and productivity in a firm incl. pay structure and promotions. Early in this decade Indian yoga guru Bikram Choudhury (1946-) creates Bikram Yoga, a series of 26 Hatha "hot yoga" postures practiced in a 105F room with 40% humidity, becoming popular with celebs incl. Madonna, George Clooney, Jeff Bridges, Ashton Kutcher, and Daniel Craig. Early in this decade Telluride, Colo.-born psychic Ingo Douglas Swann (1933-2013) invents the psychic discipline of Remote Viewing (RV) at the Stanford Research Inst. (SRI), allegedly drawing interest from the CIA, causing the U.S. govt. to launch the $20M Stargate Project, led by physicist Dale E. Graff, which was terminated in 1995 after the CIA took it over and got a negative independent evaluation; the term was coined by SRI researchers Russell Targ (1934-) and Harold E. Puthoff (1936-) to distinguish it from clairvoyance; on Apr. 27, 1973 after being put off the target with a blindfold, Swann allegedly remote views Jupiter, accurately predicting the existence of rings, but getting details wrong; in 1972-9 he works on 25 criminal cases, allegedly solving three - it's always about the attitude? After marrying Prince Egon of Furstenberg in 1969, Brussels, Belgium-born Jewish fashion designer Diane von Furstenberg (Fürstenberg) (Diane Simone Michelle Halfin) (1946-) launches her career with $30K, moving to New York City and making a fan of Vogue ed. Diana Vreeland, going on to invent the knitted jersey wrap dress in 1974, which becomes a big success, causing Newsweek to put her on its cover in 1976 ahead of Gerald Ford; in 1974 she introduces Parfum Tatiana; in 1997 after selling $1.2M of her Silk Assets collection in two hours on QVC in 1992, she re-launches her co. New York City-born Vera Ellen Wang (1949-) leaves Vogue mag. to work for Ralph Lauren, becoming known for her wedding gowns, which make fans of Ivanka Trump, Sharon Stone, Jennifer Lopez, Jennifer Garner, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Uma Thurman, Kate Hudson, Holly Hunter, Chelsea Clinton, Kim and Khloe Kardashian et al.; she goes on to design the costume wore by figure skater Nancy Kerrigan in the 1994 Olympics. The Nat. Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is founded in New York City by John Adams, Richard Ayres, John Bryson, Gus Speth, and Edward Strohbehn to fight for environmental causes, growing to 2.4M members and a staff of 500 lawyers, scientists, and policy experts by 2015, feeding its climate and clean air program, save the bees program, anti-nuclear weapons program, water quality program et al.; of course, starting in 2017 they begin soliciting donations to help them fight Pres. Trump. I'll huff and puff and blow your history house down? Baltimore, Md.-born historian David Hackett Fischer (1935-) coins the term Historian's Fallacy (Historianism), where a historian assumes that Pearl, er, people in the past had the same info. they do now, which contrasts with Presentism (Presenter's Fallacy), where a historian projects modern ideas into the heads of the people of the past. In this decade radical Islamic preacher Maitatsine (Hausa "the one who damns") (Mohammed Marwa) (-1980) founds the Yan Tatsine in Nigeria, preaching against the Nigerian govt. and calling for a Sharia state. In this decade the girls' name Caitlin (pr. KAT-lin) (derived from ancient Greek Aikaterine and ultimately the goddess Hecate) b egins to be pronounced as KAYT-lin, causing an explosion of alternate spellings. Britain launches the top-secret Chevaline Program to improve the penetration of their Polaris sub-launched ballistic missiles toward Moscow; it is deployed in 1982 after cost overruns. The Inst. for Creation Research is founded in San Diego, Calif., later moving to Dallas, Tex. to promote belief in Young Earth Biblical creationism as a scientific possibility. The Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights is founded by Polish-born anti-Zionist Jewish chem. prof. Israel Shahak (1933-2001), who becomes pres. #1 (until 1990). The Southern Assoc. for Women Historians is founded; in 2013 it establishes the Willie Lee Rose Prize for the best book on Am. Southern history written by a woman or women. Early in this decade the Jim Nabors-Rock Hudson Rumor is spread by gays in S Calif. as a joke, to the effect that they're going to get married and be called Rock Pyle; meanwhile the real Nabors hooks up with Stan Cadwallader, and in 1976 they move to Maui, Hawaii and live happily ever after together, getting married on Jan. 15, 2013. Sports: The NHL expands from 12 to 14 teams; the Buffalo Sabres NHL team is founded in Buffalo, N.Y., playing their home games in Buffalo Memorial Auditorium; the Vancouver Canucks NHL team is founded in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, playing their home games at the Pacific Coliseum. Starting this season, every home game of the Denver Broncos football team is sold out (until ?), allowing local TV coverage and making the team's fortunes the main interest of the whole Colo. Front Range region, plus surrounding states; beginning with the 1977 season, superfan Tim McKernan (1940-2009) (a mechanic for United Airlines) gains fame as the Barrel Man, appearing at games in his shorts, shoes, hat, sunglasses, and a barrel with suspenders, even during snowstorms; he retires after the 2007 season. In this decade Communist Paradise East Germany begins pumping their female Olympic athletes with anabolic steroids with or without their knowledge in a misguided attempt to divert attention from their lousy economy and misery caused by lack of personal freedom, taking advantage of the backwardness of testing technology to avoid getting caught; too bad, the steroids ruin the women's reproductive organs and cause liver, heart, and other damage, making them into physical wrecks after their sports years; female shot putter Heidi Krieger (1966-) becomes so masculinized that she undergoes sex change therapy in 1997, changing her name to Andreas; the Stasi covers it up until the fall of the Berlin Wall, when extensive files covering 10K athletes are discovered; in 2000 former East German sports program dir. Manfred Ewald (1926-2006) and medical dir. Manfred Hoeppner are convicted of accessory to intentional bodily harm of athletes; only Hoeppner apologizes. On Feb. 7-15 the World Alpine Skiing Championships are held in Val Gardena, Italy; William Winston "Billy" Kidd (1943-) of Stowe, Vt. is the only skier from the U.S. to win a medal, after which he turns pro. On Feb. 16 Joseph William "Smokin' Joe" Frazier (1944-2011) KOs James Albert "Jimmy" Ellis (1940-) in round 5 in New York City to settle the title, becoming heavyweight boxing champ #23 (until 1973). On Feb. 22 the 1970 (12th) Daytona 500 is won by Peter "Pete" Hamilton (1942-) of Petty Enterprises in a winged Plymouth Superbird. On Mar. 23 the 1970 NBA Draft sees 17 teams select 239 players in 19 rounds; 6'11" center Robert Jerry "Bob" Lanier Jr. (1948-) is selected #1 overall by the Detroit Pistons (#16); in 1980 he is traded to the Milwaukee Bucks, leading them to div. championships each year until he retires in 1984; Newport, Ky.-born 6'9" center-forward David William "Dave" Cowens (1948-) of Fla. State U. is selected #4 overall by the Boston Celtics (#18) (until 1980), going on to lead his team in all five major statistical categories in the 1977-8 season; 6'1" point guard Nathaniel "Nate" "Tiny" Archibald (1948-) is drafted #19 overall by the Cincinnati Royals (#10), going on to lead the NBA in scoring and assists in the 1972-3 season for the first time (until ?), and setting a record of 910 assists; Atlanta Hawks mgr. (since 1954) Marty Blake (1927-2013) (known for discovering players at smaller colleges incl. Dennis Rodman, Scottie Pippen, Tim Hardaway, Karl Malone, and Joe Dumars) drafts Manuel Raga "Manolo" "the Flying Mexican" Navarro (1944-) of Mexico in the 10th round (167th overall), and 6'9" Dino Meneghin (1950-) of Italy in the 11th round (182nd overall), becoming the first NBA gen. mgr. to select a player from a foreign league; neither player ends up signing. On Mar. 31-Apr. 4 the 1970 PBA Firestone Tournament of Champions sees Don Johnson (1940-2003)roll the first two strikes in frame 10 to defeat Dick Ritger, then try for a 3rd strike to win $10K and a new Mercury Cougar, leaving a ringing 10-pin standing, causing him to lie face-down on the approach in disbelief, then rise to a thundering ovation. On Apr. 24-May 8 the 1970 NBA Finals (9th in a row featuring a losing Calif. team) sees the New York Knickerbockers (Knicks) (founded 1946), coached (1967-82) by William "Red" Holzman (1920-98) defeat the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Joe Mullaney) by 4-3 (first win); after starting Game 7 in Madison Square Garden with a severe thigh injury, with ABC-TV announcer Jack Twyman uttering the soundbyte "I think we see Willis coming out" as he walks down the tunnel to the court, spurring his team incl. Walter "Walt" Frazier (1945-) to win by 113-99 (later voted the greatest moment in Madison Square Garden history), center Willis Reed Jr. (1942-) becomes the first player in NBA history to be named all-star game MVP, regular season MVP, and playoff MVP in the same season (until ?). On May 3-10 the 1970 Stanley Cup Finals see the Boston Bruins defeat the St. Louis Blues 4-0, becoming their first win since 1941; despite being tripped by Noel Picard of the Blues, 6'0" Bruins defenceman (MVP) Robert Gordon "Bobby" Orr (1948-) scores an OT goal on Glenn Hall with an assist from Derek Sanderson at 00:00.40 to win the series; a photo of Orr flying through the air with arms raised in victory becomes the most famous hockey image of all time (until ?). William Earl "Billy" Casper Jr. (1931-2015) wins the Masters golf tournament; Jack William Nicklaus (1940-), "the Golden Bear" wins his 2nd British Open; Tony Jacklin (1944-) becomes the first British golfer to win the U.S. Open in 50 years. On May 16 14-.y.-o. fan Alan Fish (b. 1956) becomes the first spectator in ML baseball history to be killed by a foul ball (until ?), at Dodgers Stadium in Los Angeles, Calif., hit by Manny Mota off Giants pitcher Gaylor Perry; he is sitting in the 2nd row near the visitor's dugout; the Giants win by 5-4 after Mota makes the last out against Frank Reberger; the concussion takes four days to kill him; meanwhile 52 spectators have been killed by foul balls since 1887, but only two during prof. games. On May 21 Donald Desbrow "Don" Whillans (1933-85) of England and Dougal Haston (1940-77) of Scotland become the first persons to scale 26,504-ft. Annapurna I in the Himalayas by the S side. On May 30 the 1970 Indianapolis 500 is won by Alfred "Al" Unser Sr. (1939-). Kenneth Robert "Ken" Rosewall (1934-) of Australia wins the U.S. Open and Wimbledon, repeating his 1956 feat; the U.S. defeats West Germany 5-0 to win the Davis Cup of tennis; Jan Kodes (1946-) of Czech. wins the French Open of tennis, and repeats next year, defeating Ilie Nastase in the final; Margaret Smith Court (1942-), "the Arm" of Australia wins the grand slam of tennis; meanwhile on Sept. 23 the first Virginia Slims Tennis Tournament is held in Houston, Tex., sponsored by Philip Morris, with $7.5K in prize money, becoming the first women's prof. tennis tournament and leading to the formation of the cough-cough Women's Tennis Assoc. in 1973; the tournaments are picketed by anti-smoking groups carrying signs reading "Emphysema Slims"; the first Virginia Slims Internat. Tennis Tournament is held in Moscow on Aug. 10, 1989. On Sept. 7 Donald Boyles sets a record for the highest parachute jump from a bridge by leaping off the 1,053-ft. Royal George Bridge in Colo. In Sept. Am. jockey William Lee "Willie" Shoemaker (1931-2003) breaks the record of Johnny Longden with win #6,033; on Jan. 20, 1990 he racks up his last win, #8,833. On Oct. 3 ML baseball umpires begin their first-ever strike (ends ?). On Oct. 23 after returning from a 43-mo. exile, during which most boxing orgs. vacated his heavyweight title and awarded it to Joe Frazier, Muhammad Ali KOs Jerry Quarry in round 3 in Atlanta, Ga.; the match was approved by Atlanta mayor Sam Massell after black state senator Leroy Johnson pressured him, pissing-off segregationist Ga. gov. Lester Maddox, who proclaims a Day of Mourning and unsuccessfully calls for a boycott, after which black activist Julian Bond calls Atlanta "the black political capital of Amreica". In the 1970-1 season the NBA expands to 17 teams; the Buffalo Braves is founded, with Dolph Schayes as head coach #1, drafting Bob Kaufmann and Don May after passing on hometown hero Calvin Murphy, finishing 22-60; the Cleveland Cavaliers NBA team is founded, with the name selected via a competition sponsored by the Cleveland Plain Dealer, with Bill Fitch as head coach #1, drafting 6'4" Austin George "Mr. Cavalier" Carr (1948-) (#34), who injures his leg and doesn't do diddly the first season, finishing at the bottom of the league at 15-67; in 1974 they move to Richfield Coliseum 30 mi. S of Cleveland; the Portland Trail Blazers is founded, with Rolland Todd as head coach #1, going on to take seven years to make the playoffs, drafting LaRue Martin (1950-) (#35) in 1972 ahead of Julius Erving and Bob McAdoo after he outplays Bill Walton of UCLA in a single college game) (worst draft pick in NBA history?), and 6'11" center William Theodore "Bill" "Big Redhead" Walton III (1952-) (#32) in 1974, who wins two NBA championships before foot injuries tank his career. On Nov. 6 Charlie Hentz shatters two backboards in the same ABA game, causing it to be canceled. On Nov. 8 Thomas John "Tom" Dempsey (1947-) of the New Orleans Saints kicks a regular season record 63-yard field goal vs. the Detroit Lions, which stands until 1998. The Seattle Pilots of Wash. move to Milwaukee, Wisc. and become the Milwaukee Brewers. Allen "Al" Davis (1929-2011) becomes the principal owner of the Oakland Raiders (until 2011). The U.S. yacht Intrepid (1967 winner) (last classic wooden yacht to defend the Cup) defeats the Australian yacht Gretel II 4-1 to win the America's Cup. Brazil defeats Italy 4-1 to win the 9th FIFA World Cup of Soccer in Mexico City on May 31-June 21. A South African cricket tour of England is canceled - because apartheid isn't cricket? Hugh Porter (1940-) of Britain wins the world cycling championship in Leicester, England. The World Series of Poker is founded in Las Vegas at Binion's Horseshoe Casino, with seven poker players; the winner is Johnny Moss (1907-95), who awarded a silver cup; in 1976 it becomes a bracelet. Architecture: On June 30 $45M Riverfront Stadium in in the Golden Triangle (junction of the Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio Rivers) in Cincinnati, Ohio opens, becoming the home of the NFL Pittsburgh Steelers (until Dec. 16, 2000). becoming the home of the NFL Cincinnati Bengals (until 2002) and the ML Cincinnati Reds ("the Big Red Machine") (until 1999); Roy Rogers jokes that he was born at 2nd base; on June 30 their grand opening hosts the Atlanta Braves, and Hank Aaron hits the first homer; on July 14 it hosts the 1970 ML All-Star Game, in which Reds star Pete Rose collides with Cleveland Indians catcher Ray Fosse at home plate; in Sept. 1996-2002 it becomes Cinergy Field; it is demolished on Dec. 29, 2002. On July 16 $55M Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, Penn. opens, becoming the home of the NFL Pittsburgh Steelers and the ML Pittsburgh Pirates; it closes on Dec. 16, 2000, and is demolished on Feb. 11, 2001. On Oct. 1 the $40M 2,190-ft. Frontenac Bridge across the St. Lawrence River near Quebec City is opened, becoming Canada's longest suspension bridge. The Chinatown Gate on Grant Ave. in San Francisco, Calif. is built. The 517-room Dusit Thani Hotel in Bangkok near Lumpini Park opens, becoming the city's first luxury hotel in decades, and the city's tallest bldg. (until ?). Minoru Takeyama designs the Ichibankan dept. store in Tokyo. The 21-story 484-room well-bugged Intourist Hotel at 3 Tverskaya St. in Moscow half a block from the Kremlin opens for foreign visitors. Keller Fountain Park (originally Forecourt Fountain) in downtown Portland, Ore. across from the Civic Auditorium on land formerly occupied by Dot Tavern owned by future mayor (1985-92) Bud Clark opens, named after Portland Development Commission head (1958-72) Ira C. Keller, featuring a concrete water fountain designed by Angela Danadjieva modelled after waterfalls in the Columbia River Gorge to the E. The circular Three Rivers Stadium at the Golden Triangle (junction of the Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio Rivers) in Pittsburgh, Penn. opens in Sept., becoming the home of the NFL Pittsburgh Steelers (until 2000). In this decade the 211 ft. x 900 ft. Pueblo Dam on the Arkansas River in S Colo. is built, creating Pueblo Lake at the W edge of Pueblo, becoming the largest lake in S Colo., known for its big tasty trout. Got a strange magic? In Dec. the North Tower of the 1,368-ft./1,326-ft. 110-story $350M twin-towered World Trade Center (WTC) in Lower Manhattan, New York City, designed by Minoru Yamasaki (1912-86) is completed, followed by the South Tower next July; the excavated dirt is used to make Battery Park City on the W side of Lower Manhattan; it officially opens on Apr. 4, 1973 with a ribbon-cutting ceremony; its originally contains over 9M sq. ft. of office space; the Windows on the World Restaurant is established on the 106th-107th floors of the North Tower in late 1972; the Top of the World Observation Deck is established on the 107th floor of the South Tower; later four more bldgs. are added to the complex, incl. the Marriott World Trade Center, 4 World Trade Center (9 stories), 6 World Trade Center (8 stories) (1975) (housing the U.S. Customs), and 7 World Trade Center (47 stories) (1987); it becomes the world's highest bldg. until 1974; too bad, after becoming a symbol of the Great Satan to Muslim terrorists, it is totally destroyed on Sept. 11, 2001 (9/11) by al-Qaida terrorists in two spectacular implosions triggered by fully-laden Boston-to-LA Boeing 767 airliners rammed into each tower by flight school dropout pilots, changing the U.S. seemingly forever. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Norman Ernest Borlaug (1914-2009) (U.S.); Lit.: Alexander (Aleksandr) Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) (Soviet Union); Physics: Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven (1908-95) (Sweden) [plasma physics] and Louis Eugene Felix Neel (1904-2000) (France) [antiferromagnetism]; Chem.: Luis Federico Leloir (1906-87) (Argentina) [lactose metabolism] (first Spanish-speaking winner); Med.: Julius Axelrod (1912-2004) (U.S.), Ulf Svante von Euler (1905-83) (Sweden), and Sir Bernard Katz (1911-2003) (U.K.) [catecholamine neurotransmitters]; Econ.: Paul Anthony Samuelson (1915-2009) (U.S.) for "the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science". Inventions: On Apr. 8 the NASA Nimbus 4 weather satellite is launched from Vandenberg AFB in Lompoc, Calif., sending data until Sept. 30, measuring the infrared emission spectra of the Earth's atmosphere, along with vertical temperature profiles and water vapor, solar UV radiation, and atmospheric ozone, revealing a V-shaped notch in the outgoing longwave radiation spectrum at 13-17 microns, caused by the 325 ppm CO2 content, which only cuts 2/3 of the way into the surface radiation spectrum, allowing 1/3 of the energy to escape into space?; the notch is saturated, meaning that higher CO2 concentrations can't increase the so-called Greenhouse Effect? Speaking of a giant country with no environmental movement? On Apr. 24 the People's Repub. of China launches its first satellite, (5th nation to do so), the 381-lb. China 1 (Dong Fang Hong I) (Red East I), which repeatedly transmits the Red Communist torch song The East is Red (Dong Fang Hong). On May 8 Radio Shack releases the TRS-DOS (Trashdos) 2.3 (Tandy Radio Shack Disk Operating Ssytem) operating system for the Tandy TRS-80 line of 8-bit Zilog Z80 microprocessors. On June 30 IBM announces the IBM System/370 mainframe computer, their first with microchips, and introduces the Relational Database with Structured Query Language (SQL), which becomes the industry std. for database access programs; meanwhile British-born IBM (San Jose) computer scientist Edgar Frank "Ted" Codd (1923-2003) pub. the paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks", inventing the Relational Database Mgt. System (RDBMS); too bad, IBM doesn't want to give up the revenue from their IMS/DB, but finally offers System R using the non-relational SEQUEL language, which is later copied by Larry Ellison for Oracle, beating IBM's SQL/DS to market. On Oct. 19 the Amdahl Corp. is formed in Sunnyvale, Calif. by former IBM employee Gene Myron Amdahl (1922-2015) to produce "plug compatible" computers to compete with Big Blue - and give it enough competition to pass for white? On Dec. 12 the 300-lb. NASA Uhuru (Swahili "freedom") (Small Atronomincal Satellite 1) satellite is launched from the Indian Ocean off the coast of Kenya on the 7th anniv. of Kenya's independence, becoming the first satellite devoted exclusively to observing cosmic X-ray sources. On Dec. 21 the supersonic twin-engine 2-seat variable-sweep wing Grumman F-14 Tomcat fighter makes its first flight, entering U.S. Navy service on Sept. 22, 1974 to replace the F-4 Phantom II and A-6 Intruder, and retired on Sept. 22, 2006 after being replaced by the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet; all U.S. teen-series fighters incorporate combat experience against MiG fighters during the Vietnam War; in 1976 the Iranian Air Force gets a shipment of them. The computer mouse is introduced commercially, with the two wheels replaced by a single ball - shouldn't it be called the Englebart? The film colorization process is invented by Canadian engineer Wilson Markle (1938-), who sells it to NASA for use on the Apollo space program, and applies for a patent on July 11, 1983, receiving U.S. Patent #4,710,805 on Dec. 1, 1987. The ground-based VLF (10-14 KHz) Omega Navigation System (ONS) becomes the first worldwide radio navigation system for aircraft, operated by the U.S. Coast Guard with six partner nations, with six of nine stations becoming operational by next year; meanwhile the Global Positioning System (GPS) begins development, with the USAF Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility at Holloman AFB set up in 1972, and the first experimental satellite launched in 1978; it becomes fully operational in 1993 with 24-32 medium-orbit satellites, and the ONS is shut down on Sept. 30, 1997. Xerox Corp. founds the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in Palo Alto, Calif., which goes on to develop the Graphical User Interface (GUI), the mouse, laser printer, and Ethernet, all of which are eagerly stolen by rivals Apple and Microsoft, while Xerox does little to take them to court; on Mar. 1, 1973 Xerox Corp. introduces the $15K Xerox Alto Computer, a personal computer (PC) with the first GUI (graphical user interface, complete with a mouse), licensed from Stanford Research Inst. for $45K; only 2K units are sold for research use; Steve Jobs visits the Xerox PARC facilities in 1979 and steals the GUI/mouse idea for the Apple Lisa and Macintosh. Charles A. Burrus (1927-) of Bell Labs develops the improved Burrus LED (light-emitting diode). Hewlett-Packard develops a Laser Interferometer, allowing microchip manufacturers to make more accurate measurements and keep on shrinking the circuitry in accordance with Moore's Law. Jacques Pankove, Herbert Paul Maruska et al. at RCA develop the first Blue-Light Laser using gallium nitride semiconductors. RCA introduces Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) technology for integrated circuit (IC) manufacture, which reduces costs and permits greater miniaturization. Patrick Eugene Haggerty (1914-80), pres. since 1958 of Texas Instruments along with Canon Corp. introduce the $150 Pocketronic, the first pocket calculator, using large scale integrated circuits (LSI). Robert Distler Maurer (1924-), Donald Bruce Keck (1941-), and Peter Charles Schultz (1942-) of Corning Glass Works in N.Y. patent the Fiber Optic Wire (Optical Waveguide Fiber), which can carry 65Kx more info. than copper wire with a loss of less than 99% (20 dB) per km, and becomes the choice for high-speed data transmission; the first 1.5-mi. system is installed in 1977 in downtown Chicago, Ill., with each fiber carying 672 voice channels. Control Data Corp. introduces the STAR 100 supercomputer, which processes numbers as vectors for speed in appropriate problems; in 1972 Texas Instruments announces the rival Advanced Scientific Computer (ASC) supercomputer; neither of them sell well. Harris Corp. of Cleveland, Ohio introduces the first electronic editing terminal for newspapers. The Recycling Symbol, three arrows meant to resemble a Moebius Strip is created for the Container Corp. of Am. by USC student Gary Dean Anderson (1946-), who participated in the first Earth Day in Apr. The 10 lb. PhoneMate Model 400 becomes the first commercially successful telephone answering machine, holding 20 messages on a reel-to-reel tape. The Bell System introduces the Picturephone, but it proves a flop. Optel Corp. introduces the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) for commercial use after Hoffmann-LaRoche Labs in Switzerland invents it; George Theiss and Willy Crabtree of Electro-Data Inc. in Garland, Tex. use it to make the first quartz digital watch. Swiss computer scientist Niklaus Emil Wirth (1934-) pub. the simple and elegant ALGOL-based Pascal (originally ALGOL-W) programming language, which later becomes popular for PCs, but is abandoned as PCs become more powerful, after which it survives as a teaching language for newbies; "Whereas Europeans generally pronounce my name the right way, as Nick-Louse Veert, Americans invariably mangle it into Nickel's Worth. That is to say that Europeans call me by name, but Americans call me by value." The typewriter-like Daisy Wheel Impact Printer is invented by David S. Lee of Diablo Data Systems; in 1972 it is introduced for use with PCs and word processors, with a speed of 30-55 cps, compared to 15 cps for an IBM Selectric typewriter. Edward Hance "Ted" Shortliffe (1947-) of Stanford U. develops the MYCIN medical expert system to identify bacteria causing infections and recommend antibiotics - smarter than the avg. general practitioner? In this decade Victor Scheinman develops the Programmable Universal Mechanical Adapter (PUMA) (AKA Stanford Arm), a 6-axis electric articulated robotic arm. Personal Products Co. begins marketing Stayfree Beltless Pads, killing the sanitary napkin belt industry in the U.S.; next year Kimberly-Clark introduces New Freedom beltless pads. Nissin Food Products introduces Oodles of Noodles, later followed by Top Ramen and Cup of Noodles. In this decade NASA develops paint-smelling polyurethane Memory Foam, which reacts to body heat allowing it to mold itself to the shape of the body in a few min., never being used in the space program but ending up in hospitals to help decrease the occurrence of pressure sores. Founders Co. of Hickory, N.C. markets a Bean-Bag Chair, filled with Styrofoam pebbles; the waterbed (vinyl bag in a plastic frame) is introduced in Aug. The soft light spongy NERF Ball, the "first official indoor ball" is introduced by Parker Brothers, invented in 1969 by Reynolds Winsor "Reyn" Guyer (1935-) of Minn., who also invented Twister; the slogan is "It's Nerf or Nothin'"; in 1991 the NERF Bow 'N' Arrow is introduced by Hasbro, followed in 1992 by the NERF Blaster toy gun. Science: In this decade the Soviets begin digging the 9 in. diam. Kola Superdeep Borehole in the Kola Peninsula, which goes down 7.5 mi. (vs. 6.8 mi. for the Marianas Trench), becoming the deepest manmade hole on Earth. Starting this year the U.S. press begins carrying articles predicting a new ice age caused by global cooling (ends 1979). On Jan. 11 The Washington Post pub. the article Colder Winters Held Dawn of New Ice Age - Scientists See Ice Age in the Future by David R. Boidt, which starts out: "Get a good grip on your long johns, cold weather haters - the worst may be yet to come. That's the long-long-range weather forecast being given out by 'climatologists,' the people who study very long-term world weather trends. Some of them say the world is in a 'cold snap' that started in 1950 and which could last hundreds of years, even bringing on the start of another Ice Age. In the meantime, it would mean more snow, and more arctic freezes, like the one Washington is now shivering through"; actually, no peer-reviewed scientific journal in ths 1970s pub. an article predicting an imminent ice age? Big year for biochemists into three-letter acronyms? In Jan. after finding natural ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to be too small for X-ray crystallography, scientists at Cambridge U. first successfully grow single giant crystals of ATP, then determine the 3-dim. structure; Creationists jump on its structure to claim that it is an example of irreducible complexity that even the simplest forms of life can't survive without; John Ernest Walker (1941-) of Cambridge U. and Paul Delos Boyer (1918-) of the U.S. later elucidate the enzymatic mechanism underlying ATP synthesis, winning them the 1997 Nobel Prize. On June 3 U. of Wisc. researchers led by 1968 Nobel Med. Prize winner Har Gobind Khorana (1922-2011) announce the first complete synthesis of a yeast gene, alanine-transfer RNA, consisting of 77 nucleotide pairs (an avg. gene contains 1K); on Nov. 12 SUNY researchers James F. Danielli, Kwang W. Jeon, and I. Joan Lorch announce the first synthesis of a living cell by dismembering amoebas and making them into new amoebas, with Danielli noting the possibility of killer viruses being unleashed if abused. In June Am. geneticistsHoward Martin Temin (1934-94) of the U. of Wisc.-Madison, and David L. Baltimore (1938-) and Renato Dulbecco (1914-2012) of MIT report the discovery of Reverse Transcriptase, an enzyme in RNA that can synthesize DNA, winning Temin and Baltimore the 1975 Nobel Med. Prize; previously it was believed that only DNA can be used to manufacture more DNA; Retroviruses, which make DNA using an RNA template become a new field of research. New Haven, Conn.-born economist George Arthur Akerlof (1940-) of UCB pub. the paper The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism, establishing the theory of info. assymetry in economics, e.g., when somebody won't pay a good price for a good car from a dealer because he thinks it might be a lemon, leading to the founding of the theory of Information Economics, winning him a share of the 2001 Nobel Econ. Prize along with Joseph E. Stiglitz. Dutch chemist Paul Jozef Crutzen (1933-) pub. a paper showing that nitrous oxide (NO2) produced by soil bacteria rises into the stratosphere, and is split by sunlight into reactive NO compounds that break ozone down into breathable oxygen (O2), winning him the 1995 Nobel Chem. Prize. Russian physicist Vitaly Efimov predicts a quantum mechanical version of the Borromean Rings, three linked rings that come apart if any one is removed; in 2009 his prediction is verified by Randy Hulet et al. of Rice U. using three lithium atoms. Francis Ivanhoe of the U. of London reports that European Neanderthals suffered from rickets, causing Creationists to jump and claim that they're really homo sapiens all along. After 32 years of research, Cho Hao Li (1913-87) and Donald Hiroshi Yamashiro (1928-2000) of the U. of Calif. Medical Center synthesize the 188 amino acid chain for somatropin, the human growth hormone (HGH) normally produced by the pituitary; next Mar. Hugh D. Niall et al. of the Mass. Gen. Hospital in Boston transpose 15 of the acids and add two more to make the chain more correct, but is still only 10% as effective as the natural hormone, but at least 650 cadavers aren't required to treat each pituitary dwarf child. Russian mathematician Yuri Vladimirovich Matiyasevich (1947-) proves that Hilbert's Tenth Problem (1900) is unsolvable. Am. physicists Yoichiro Nambu (1921-), Leonard Susskind (1940-), and Holger Bech Nielsen (1941-) independently suggest the possibility that a theory of relativistic 1-dim. vibrating strings can explain particle physics; Nielsen is the first to call it String Theory. Am. biochemist Martin Rodbell (1925-98) discovers that Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP) is required for signal transmission between cells; he and Alfred Goodman Gilman (1941-) then discover G Proteins, which act like molecular switches by alternating between the inactive GDP and active GTP states, winning them the 1994 Nobel Med. Prize. Jewish-Am. astronomer Vera Cooper Rubin (1928-) reports anomalies in measurements of the Andromeda Galaxy known as the Galaxy Rotation Problem, which leads to a hunt for "missing mass" in the Universe, the most popular solution being the existence of Dark Matter. After discovering in 1956 that the Barr body of mammalian female nuclei is a condensed X chromosome, Seoul, Korea-born Japanese-Am. geneticist Susumu Ohno (1928-2000) pub. the book Evolution by Gene Duplication, proposing gene duplication as playing a major role in evolution, with duplicate genes preserved by neofunctionalization; he also suggests that the vertebrate genome is the result of one or more (usually two) genome duplications, becoming known as the 2R (Ohno's) Hypothesis, resulting in modern vertebrate genomes reflecting paleopolyploidy (whole genomes) (vs. aneuploidy for whole chromosomes), going beyond that to Ohno's Law, that the gene content of mammalian species has been conserved in the DNA content and the genes themselves, claiming that the modern mammalian X chromosome traces to a primordial X chromosome of a common ancestor; in 1972 he formalizes the concept of non-coding "junk" DNA, finding an upper limit of 30K on the number of functional loci that can be expected for a given mutation rate in mammals to avoid an excessive mutational load leading to a decline in fitness and extinction; in 1986 he proposes a relationship between DNA genetic sequences and music, translating the SARC oncogene to Chopin's "Funeral March". Am. microbiologist Hamilton Othanel Smith (1931-) discovers Restriction Enzymes, which can break DNA molecules in predictable places, leading Am. microbiologist Daniel Nathans (1928-99) next year to break up a cancer virus, which eventually leads to its complete genetic mapping; Smith, Nathan, and Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber (1929-) later receive the 1978 Nobel Med. Prize for their work on restrictive enzymes. Am. surgeon Robert Joseph White (1926-2010) performs the first head transplant on rhesus monkeys. Soviet physicist Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (1914-87) discovers that rotating black holes spontaneously emit electromagnetic radiation, leading to the discovery of Quantum Evaporation of Black Holes (Hawking Radiation) by English physicist Stephen William Hawking (1942-2018) in 1974, who shows that when quantum effects are taken into account they glow and eventually explode, leading to the 1995 discovery by Ted Jacobson of Israel that Einstein's Theory of Gen. Relativity is just another way of stating the laws of thermodynamics, and that black holes are like holograms, because all the info. about what has been lost inside them is encoded on their surfaces; in 1972 Zeldovich et al. create a beam of time-reversed light using Brillouin Scattering; next year he meets with English physicist Stephen Hawking in Moscow, showing how rotating black holes should create and emit particles due to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. The U.S. FDA approves the use of Lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder - superworld jokes here? The charred 1st cent. C.E. Ein Gedi Scrolls are discovered by archeologist Yosef Porath in an burned-down Essene synagogue near the Dead Sea; in 2015 the Israel Antiquities Authority's Dead Sea Scrolls Preservation Lab in Jerusalem uses 3-D X-ray computer tomography to reconstruct the text, finding it to be identical to the Book of Leviticus in use today. The 236.2 in. 80-ft.-long 935 ton reflecting Caucacus Telescope is begun in Oct. near Mt. Elbrus in the Soviet Union (finished in 1991), becoming the largest telescope in the world (until ?). The 100m Effelsberg Radio Telescope in Germany is completed, becoming the largest fully steerable radio dish for the next 30 years. The 150-in. reflecting telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory in Tucson, Ariz is completed, along with the 150-inch. telescope at the Inter-Am. Observatory in Cerro Tololo, Chile - I'm an astronomer and I got 300 inches? In this decade Soviet scientists begin developing secret Novichok (Russ. "newcomer") (a new way to choke?) nerve gas agents based on organophosphate "V" compounds, with the goal of making them undetectable by NATO. In this decade scientists first begin extensive studies of bonobos in Africa, discovering that females dominate society and are totally promiscuous, using sex to control male aggression - women's libbers flip their wigs? The Long Day of Joshua Hoax begins circulating, to the effect that NASA scientists have proved the divine inspiration of the Bible by confirming the missing day in the Bible Book of Joshua 10:12-13 using computers. Nonfiction: Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), The Time of Our Lives: The Ethics of Common Sense. John Marco Allegro (1923-88), The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross: A Study of the Nature and Origins of Christianity Within the Fertility Cults of the Ancient Near East; a Dead Sea Scrolls scholar sensationally reduces Biblical religion to an Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) psychedelic mushroom cult, with the text being a coverstory to fool outsiders; he ends up snubbed but never quite refuted by mainstream scholars?; "To the mystic, the little red-topped fungus must have seemed human in form and yet divine in its power to change men and give them an insight into the mysteries of the universe. It was in the world, but not of it. In the New Testament myth, the writers tried to express this idea of the duality of nature by portraying as its central character a man who appeared human enough on the surface but through whom there shone a godlike quality which manifested itself in miracle-working and a uniquely authoritative attitude to the Law"; "Suddenly almost overnight, the ancient world has shrunk. All religious roads in the Near and Middle East lead back to the Mesopotamian basin - to ancient Sumer." Uell Stanley Andersen (1917-86), Success Cybernetics: Practical Applications of Human Cybernetics. Robert Ardrey (1908-80), The Social Contract: A Personal Inquiry into the Evolutionary Sources of Order and Disorder. Robert Ardrey (1908-80) and Louis Leakey (1903-72), Aggression and Violence in Man: A Dialogue. Hannah Arendt (1906-75), On Violence; "The means used to achieve political goals are more often than not of greater relevance to the future world than the intended goals." W.H. Auden (1907-73), A Certain World: A Commonplace Book. A.J. Ayer (1910-89), Metaphysics and Common Sense. Roland Herbert Bainton (1894-1984), Erasmus of Christendom; Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536). Adolph Baker, Modern Physics and Antiphysics; the anti-scientific movement and the univ. response. Ian Graeme Barbour (1923-), Science and Secularity: The Ethics of Technology. Erik Barnouw (1908-2001), The Image Empire: A History of Broadcasting in the United States from 1953; vol. #3 of 3 (1966-70). Roland Barthes (1915-80), Empire of Signs; the role of Tokyo to Japanese as a silent and nondescript presence with "no terrible innerness as in the West, no soul, no God, no fate, no ego, no grandeur, no metaphysics, no 'promotional fever', and finally no meaning"; S/Z; his masterpiece?; deconstruction of the short story "Sarrasine" by Balzac, showing how the reader creates the meaning actively via the hermeneutic (enigma-solving), semic, symbolic, proairetic, and cultural codes. Simone de Beauvoir (1908-86), La Vieillesse (The Coming of Age); how she, er, humans become senile and lonely if they live past 60. Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer (1899-1972), Homology, An Unsolved Problem. Peter Ludwig Berger (1929-), A Rumor of Angels: Modern Society and the Rediscovery of the Supernatural. Marshall Berman (1940-), The Politics of Authenticity: Radical Individualism and the Emergence of Modern Society. Pierre Berton (1920-), The National Dream: The Great Railway, 1871-1881; the Canadian Pacific Railway. Wilfred Bion (1897-1979), Attention and Interpretation. Charles F. Blair Jr. (1909-78), Red Ball in the Sky (autobio.); by a USAF brig. gen. and hubby (1968-78) of actress Maureen O'Hara (1920-); "One sunny day in May 1951 a bareheaded man in tweeds streaked across the top of the world in one of the great flights of history. The pilot was Charles Blair; and this was the first long distance solo flight across any polar region, demonstrating that non-military transpolar flights were feasible. It proved too that the Arctic Ocean was no longer a barrier against air attack." Willi A. Boelcke, The Secret Conferences of Dr. Goebbels, Oct. 1939-Mar. 1943. Richard Nelson Bolles (1927-), What Color Is Your Parachute? (Dec. 1); bestseller (10M copies) for job-hunters; starting in 1975 it is revised and updated yearly (until ?). Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Economics as a Science; A Primer on Social Dynamics: History as Dialectics and Development. James Alan "Jim" Bouton (1939-2019), Ball Four: My Life and Hard Times Throwing the Knuckleball in the Big Leagues (June); Houston Astros (former New York Yankees) pitcher tells all, incl. postgame carousing and baseball groupies, causing him to become a ML pariah for years until they finally kiss and make up. Fernand Braudel (1902-85), The Identity of France (2 vols.) (1970–85) (unfinished); incl. "History and Environment", and "People and Production". Timothy H. Breen (1942-), The Character of the Good Ruler: A Study of the Political Ideas in New England, 1630-1730 (first book). Dorris Alexander "Dee" Brown (1908-2002), Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West; bestesller (1M copies) about the paleface settlement of the Am. West from the Native Am. perspective; too bad, it's written by a white guy. Harry Browne (1933-2006), How You Can Profit from the Coming Devaluation; correctly predicts the dollar devaluation and subsequent inflation, making him a U.S. libertarian star. Frederick Buechner (1926-), The Alphabet of Grace (essays). James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014), Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom: 1940-1945 (Pulitzer Prize); sequel to "Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox" (1956). William S. Burroughs Jr. (1947-81), Speed (autobio.). David Caute (1936-), Fritz Fanon. Shirley Chisholm (1924-2005), Unbought and Unbossed (autobio.). Noam Chomsky (1928-), At War with Asia; the Vietnam War will lead to an ever-expanding battle against the people of the world and increasing repression at home? George Eastland Christian, The President Steps Down, 1969-1972. Robert Conquest (1917-2015), The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities; Where Marx Went Wrong. Miles Copeland Jr. (1916-91), The Game of Nations. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), A Sense of Measure; A Quick Graph: Collected Notes and Essays; ed. Donald Allen. Lawrence Arthur Cremin (1925-91), American Education: The Colonial Experience, 1607-1783; vol. 1 of 3 of "American Education" (1970-88). Len Deighton (1929-), Bomber: Events Relating to the Last Flight of an RAF Bomber Over Germany on the Night of June 31st, 1943; the Ruhr. Eliot Deutsch, Between Philosophy and History. Vine Deloria Jr. (1933-2005), We Talk, You Listen: New Tribes, New Turf. James Dobson (1936-), Dare to Discipline; conservative Christian psychologist advocates dumping Dr. Spock and getting out the paddles, along with traditional hetero marriage, founding Focus on the Family on Mar. 26, 1977 in Colo. Springs, Colo. Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Lettres d'un Europeen et Nouvelles Lettres d'un Europeen, 1943-70; Splendeur Provencale. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), Technology, Management and Society. Don Edward Fehrenbacher (1920-97), Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War, 1840-1861. Nora Ephron (1941-), Wallflower at the Orgy (essays); by the future writer of the screenplays for "When Harry Met Sally" (1989) and "Sleepless in Seattle" (1993). Jason Epstein (1928-), The Great Conspiracy Trial: An Essay on Law, Liberty and the Constitution. Emil Ludwig Fackenheim (1916-2003), God's Presence in History; since Auschwitz there is a divine command to Jews to survive? James Thomas Flexner (1908-2003), George Washington and the New Nation, 1783-1793. Eric Foner (1943-), Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War; America's Black Past: A Study in Afro-American History. Erich Fromm (1900-80), The Crisis of Psychoanalysis: Essays on Freud, Marx and Social Psychology. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), Approaching the Benign Environment. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), Jerome Agel, and Quentin Fiore, I Seem to Be a Verb; "I live on Earth at present, and I don't know what I am. I know that I am not a category. I am not a thing - a noun. I seem to be a verb, an evolutionary process – an integral function of the universe." Fred Gardner (1941-), The Unlawful Concert; the court martial of 27 GIs for mutiny in San Francisco, Calif. in Oct. 1968. John William Gardner (1912-2002), The Recovery of Confidence. Jim Garrison (1921-92), A Heritage of Stone. William Howard Gass (1924-), Fiction and the Figures of Life; an artist's task is to create a self-governing artifice not reproduce reality? Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970), Memoires d'Espoir (Memoirs of Hope). Peter Gay (1923-2015), The Bridge of Criticism: Dialogues on the Enlightenment; a debate between Lucian, Erasmus, and Voltaire that argues on behalf of the Enlightenment. Willard Gaylin (1925-), In the Service of Their Country: War Resisters in Prison. Felix Gilbert (1905-91), The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), First World War Atlas. Charlie Gillett, The Sound of the City: The Rise of Rock and Roll; "Rock and roll was perhaps the first form of popular culture to celebrate without reservation characteristics of city life that had been among the most criticized." Paul Goodman (1911-72), Speaking and Language: Defence of Poetry; New Reformation: Notes of a Neolithic Conservative. Richard Gott (1938-), Guerrilla Movements in Latin America. Germaine Greer (1939-), The Female Eunuch; internat. bestseller about the long history of oppression of women; "I'm sick of pretending that some fatuous male's self-important pronouncements are the objects of my undivided attention." Anthony Grey (1938-), Hostage in Peking (first book); English Reuters correspondent is held hostage in Beijing from July 1967 to Oct. 1969 during the Cultural Rev.; in the late 1980s he founds Hostage Action Worldwide. Bray Hammond (1886-1968), Sovereignty and an Empty Purse: Banks and Politics in the Civil War. Geoffrey H. Hartman (1929-), Beyond Formalism: Literary Essays 1958-1970. Oscar Handlin (1915-2011), The American College and American Culture. Shirley Hazzard (1931-), Defeat of an Idea: A Study of the Self-Destruction of the United Nations. Seymour Myron Hersh (1937-), My Lai Four: A Report on the Massacre and Its Aftermath. Cover-Up: The Army's Secret Investigation of the Massacre at My My Lai 4. Charles Higham (1931-2012), The Films of Orson Welles. Christopher Hill (1912-2003), God's Englishman: Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution. Albert Otto Hirschman (1915-2012), Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Philip Khuri Hitti (1886-1978), Islam: A Way of Life. Abbie Hoffman (1936-89), Woodstock Nation. Richard Hofstadter (1916-70) and Mike Wallace (1918-) (eds.), American Violence: A Documentary History. Michael Holroyd (1935-) (ed.), Lytton Strachey by Himself: A Self-Portrait. Sidney Hook (1902-89), Academic Freedom and Academic Anarchy; his backing of Calif. gov. Ronald Reagan in firing Communist UCLA prof. Angela Davis. David Joel Horowitz (1939-) (ed.), Corporations and the Cold War. Irving Howe (1920-93), The Decline of the New; incl. "The New York Intellectual". William Bradford Huie (1910-86), He Slew the Dreamer: My Search with James Earl Ray for the Truth About the Murder of Martin Luther King. Beatrice Hunter (1919-), Consumer Beware - Your Food and What's Been Done to It. Paul Huson (1942-), Mastering Witchcraft: A Practical Guide for Witches, Warlocks and Covens; becomes std. work on the Tarot for non-Wiccan and non-feminist witches, feeding the 1970s Occult Explosion; he follows with "The Devil's Picturebook" (1971), "Mastering Herbalism" (1974), "How to Test and Develop Your ESP" (1975, "Mystical Origins of the Tarot" (2004), anud "Dame Fortune's Wheel Tarot" (2009). Harford Montgomery Hyde (1907-89), The Love That Dared Not Speak Its Name - ford here, mount the gomery and hyde? Clifford Irving (1930-), The Battle of Jerusalem: The Six-Day War of June, 1967. Arthur Janov (1924-), The Primal Scream: The Cure for Neurosis (first book); introduces Primal Therapy, an 8-mo. program of reexperiencing childhood pain and trauma, which he claims has a 100% success rate. Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-) and Jeremy R. Azrael (1935-2009), Change in Communist Systems. Ward Just (1935-), Military Men. Herman Kahn (1922-83), The Emerging Japanese Superstate: Challenge and Response. Boris Karloff (1887-1969), The Man with Nine Lives (autobio.) (posth.). John Alva Keel (1930-2009), UFOs: Operation Trojan Horse; claims that UFOs are phenomena produced by "ultraterrestrials", beings who are able to manipulate matter and our senses, and who in the past manifested themselves as fairies, demons, etc.; "Our skies have been filled with 'Trojan horses' throughout history, and like the original Trojan horse, they seem to conceal hostile intent." Linda K. Kerber (1940-), Federalists in Dissent: Imagery and Ideology in Jeffersonian America (first book). Ayatolla Ruhollah Khomeini (1902-89), Hukumat-i Islam (Islamic Governance); his philosophy of Islamic clerical rule of Iran via Shiite Sharia and Sharia police; calls the Jews "wretched" and a source of corruption among Muslims. Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971), Memoirs. Jon Kimche (1909-94), The Second Arab Awakening. Russell Amos Kirk (1918-94), Eliot and His Age. Paul Klepner, The Cross of Culture: A Social Analysis of Midwestern Politics, 1850-1900 (June). Raymond Klibansky (ed.), Contemporary Philosophy: A Survey. Kenneth Koch (1925-2002), Wishes, Lies and Dreams: Teaching Children to Write Poetry. Anne Koedt, The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm. Nathan Kadison "Nick" Kotz (1932-), Let Them Eat Promises: The Politics of Hunger in America; quotes Pres. Nixon telling agriculture secy. Clifford M. Hardin that "You can say that this administration will have the first complete, far-reaching attack on the problem of hunger in history. Use all the rhetoric, so long as it doesn't cost any money"; meanwhile 1.3M Americans have no income and Congress won't authorize free food stamps. Freda Kramer, The Glen Campbell Story. Louis Kronenberger (1904-80), No Whippings, No Gold Watches (autobio.); The Cutting Edge: A Collection of Witty Insults and Wicked Retorts, of Polished Snubs and Homicidal Repartee. Philip B. Kunhardt Jr. (1927-2006), My Father's House. Joseph Lash (1909-87), Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship (Pulitzer Prize). Helen Leavitt, Superhighway: Super Hoax; criticizes the U.S. interstate highway system. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018) et al. (eds.), The Cambridge History of Islam (2 vols.); the 2011 ed. The New Cambridge History of Islam balloons to 6 vols. C.S. Lewis (1898-1963), God in the Dock: Essays on Theology and Ethics (posth.); "Mellontolatry, or the worship of the future, is a fuddled religion." Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), History and Human Survival: Essays on the Young and the Old, Survivors and the Dead, Peace and War, and on Contemporary Psychohistory. Charles Augustus Lindbergh (1902-74), Wartime Journals (June). Norman Lindsay (1879-1969) and Carole C. Carlson, My Mask (autobio.). Hal Lindsey (1929-) and Carole C. Carlson, The Late Great Planet Earth; bestselling book stoking Millennium Fever; filmed in 1976; "I was so excited I couldn't sleep for a week." (Lindsey) Seymour Martin Lipset (1922-2006), The Politics of Unreason: Right Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970. Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-) and Robert I. Rotberg (eds.), Protest and Power in Black Africa. Dwight Macdonald (1906-82), Politics Past. Sir Fitzroy MacLean (1911-96), Concise History of Scotland. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Of a Fire on the Moon; Apollo 11; pub. under alias "Aquarius". Golo Mann (1909-94), Von Weimar nach Bonn: Funfzig Jahre Deutsche Republik. Thomas Mann (1875-1955), Letters 1889-1955; English trans. Martin Emil Marty (1928-), Righteous Empire: The Protestant Experience in America. William Howell Masters (1915-2001) and Virginia Eshelman Johnson (1925-), Human Sexual Inadequacy; sequel to "Human Sexual Response" (1966); disputes the concept of vaginal orgasm, claiming it's all in the clitoris, and that orgasms from lesbian, er, dildoes, er, masturbation are more intense than from heterosexual intercourse, plus, unlike male organs, women can have multiple orgasms in rapid succession - I just won the Big O lotto? Mary McCarthy (1912-89), The Writing on the Wall and Other Literary Essays. Ainslee Meares (1910-86), Relief without Drugs: The Self-Management of Tension, Anxiety and Pain (bestseller); pub. after claiming to meet 134-y.-o. Shiva Puri Baba in Kathmandu, Nepal and learn his simple "stillness meditation" technique; in 1976 he pub. a medical journal article in Australia claiming that his patients have been able to achieve regression of their cancers. James Meller (ed.), The Buckminster Fuller Reader. Nancy Milford (1938-), Zelda: A Biography; F. Scott Fitzgerald's gifted mad wife Zelda Fitzgerald (1900-48). Yukio Mishima (1925-70), Sun and Steel (autobio.). Jacques Monod (1910-76), Chance and Necessity: An Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Biology; the laws of evolution prove that life is the result of blind chance?; "Man at last knows that he is alone in the unfeeling immensity of the Universe, out of which he emerged only by chance. Neither his destiny nor his duty have been written down. The kingdom above or the darkness below: it is for him to choose." Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Hail to the Chiefs: My Life and Times with Six Presidents (autobio.). Kenneth More (1914-82), More or Less (autobio.). Robin Morgan (1941-), Goodbye to All That; radical Am. feminist completely splits with leftist males; "Let's run it down. White males are most responsible for the destruction of human life and environment on the planet today. Yet who is controlling the supposed revolution to change all that? White males (yes, yes, even with their pasty fingers back in black and brown pies again). It just could make one a bit uneasy. It seems obvious that a legitimate revolution must be led by, made by those who have been most oppressed: black, brown, and white women - with men relating to that as best they can. A genuine Left doesn't consider anyone's suffering irrelevant, or titillating; nor does it function as a microcosm of capitalist economy, with men competing for power and status at the top, and women doing all the work at the bottom (and functioning as objectified prizes or 'coin' as well). Goodbye to all that"; in 2008 she updates it to back the pres. bid of Hillary Clinton. Robin Morgan (1941-) (ed.), Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writing from the Women's Liberation Movement; becomes the radical feminist Bible; the cover features a clenched fist inside the universal symbol for female - the female Robin Hoods? George Lachmann Mosse (1918-99), Germans and Jews: The Right, the Left, and the Search for a "Third Force" in Pre-Nazi Germany. Swami Muktananda (1908-82), GURU (Play of Consciousness): A Spiritual Autobiography; bestseller, making him a star, founding Siddha Yoga, with ashrams in Ganespuri, India and Upstate N.Y. Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), The Pentagon of Power; vol. 2 of 2 in "The Myth of the Machine". Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1927-2003), Maximum Feasible Misunderstanding: Community Action in the War on Poverty (May 31); how LBJ's Model Cities program tried to create a small number of non-profit community development orgs., but ended up in misuse of funds. Albert Murray (1916-2013), The Omni-Americans: New Perspectives on Black Experience and American Culture (first book); pisses-off black Am. nationalists by dissing "the folklore of white supremacy and the fakelore of black pathology", while calling African-Ams. "uncontestably mulatto", which makes them greater, making attempts to talk about "blacks" in the U.S. fundamentally flawed; calls the "blues idiom" the highest expression of Am. culture. Ralph Nader (1934-) and James S. Turner, The Chemical Feast: The Ralph Nader Study Group Report on Food Protection and the Food and Drug Administration; the unyummy chemicals added to U.S. food. Joseph Needham (1900-95), Clerks and Craftsmen in China and the West: Lectures and Addresses on the History of Science and Technology. Jacob Needleman (1934-), The New Religions. Michael Parenti (1933-), The Anti-Communist Impulse (first book). Raphael Patai (1910-96), Encyclopedia of Zionism and Israel; Tents of Jacob: The Diaspora, Yesterday and Today. Linus C. Pauling (1901-94), Vitamin C and the Common Cold; after concluding that prehistoric man ate enough leaves and fruit to get 2g-4g of it a day, he advocates "megadoses" of Vitamin C of up to 15g a day to prevent and fight colds; too bad, he makes no distinction between natural and synthetic, and disses bioflavonoids, but what does he care since he's making a fortune?; too bad, unscrupulous manufacturers begin putting sodium ascorbate instead of ascorbic acid in their pills, causing the FDA to step in and order their removal from stores in 1971. Harry Mark Petrakis (1923-), Stelmark: A Family Recollection (autobio.). Jean Piaget (1896-1980), Structuralism. Richard Pipes (1923-2018), Struve, Liberal on the Left, 1870-1905; Europe Since 1815. Michael Polanyi (1891-1976), Transcendence and Self-Transcendence; criticizes the Galilean mechanistic worldview, arguing for emergence, i.e., several levels of reality and causality, claiming that reductionism leads to moral inversion, the worse example being Marxism. George Edward Reedy (1917-99), The Twilight of the Presidency; LBJ's former press secy. criticizes the impact that war has had on the presidency, pissing-off LBJ, who never talks to him again. Charles A. Reich (1928-), The Greening of America; #1 bestseller by a Yale Law School prof. about how people are moving from Consciousness I (rural farmers) and Consciousness II (meritocracy) to Consciousness III (freedom, egalitarianism, recreational drugs), becoming more sensitive to basic human values and casting off commercial and social restrictions, singing the praises of rock music, marijuana and blue jeans, and becoming a bible to millions; he later comes out as gay and moves to San Francisco - gay green jean jokes here? Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), The Alternative Society: Essays from the Other World. Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005), Freud and Philosophy; calls Freud, Marx, and Nietzsche the "School of Suspicion". Jane Roberts (1929-84), The Seth Material; chanelled starting in 1963; becomes the most influential New Age channeled text. Theodore Roszak (1933-), The Making of a Counter-Culture: Reflections on the Technocratic Society and Its Youthful Opposition. Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), Power and Market. Orville Hickok Schell (1940-) and Frederick Crews (1933-), Starting Over: A College Reader. Amartya Sen (1933-), Collective Choice and Social Welfare; proposes the Liberal Paradox which claims to disprove the claims of libertarians that markets are efficient and respect individual freedoms. Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Questions About Music. William F. Sharpe (1934-), Portfolio Theory and Capital Markets; the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Claude Simon (1913-2005), Orion Aveugle (Orion Blinded) (essays). Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Curbstone Brokers: The Origins of the American Stock Exchange. John D. Stamford, The Spartacus Internat. Gay Guide; 1st ed. of an annual internat. guidebook. George Steiner (1929-), Bluebeard's Castle: Some Notes Towards the Redefinition of Culture; the origins of Euro anti-Semitism; laments Nazi destruction of the "gardens of liberal culture" in Europe; Nazism is Europe's revenge on the Jews for inventing conscience? Fritz Stern (1926-) (eds.), The Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present. George R. Stewart (1895-1980), A Concise Dictionary of Place-Names. Leo Strauss (1899-1973), Xenophon's Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the Oeconomicus. Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), A Second Birthday: A Personal Confrontation with Illness, Pain, and Death. Albert Szent-Gyori (1893-1986), The Crazy Ape (Jan.); science and the prospect of human survival. Gay Talese (1932-), Honor Thy Father; the Bonanno crime family. Telford Taylor (1908-98), Guilt, Responsibility and the Third Reich; Nuremberg and Vietnam: An American Tragedy (June); treatise on the development of the laws of war. Studs Terkel (1912-2008), Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression; his first hit, causing him to begin cranking out sequels. Lawrence Roger Thompson (1903-73), Robert Frost: The Years of Triumph, 1915-1938 (Dec.) (Pulitzer Prize). Alvin Toffler (1928-2016), Future Shock; bestseller (6M copies) about "too much change in too short a period of time" as the industrial society goes super-industrial; coins the term "information overload". John Toland (1912-2004), The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945 (Pulitzer Prize); the War in the Pacific from the Japanese POV. Freda Utley (1898-1978), Odyssey of a Liberal: Memoirs. Sir Laurens van der Post (1906-96), The Night of the New Moon (The Prisoner and the Bomb); his experiences in a WWII Japanese POW camp on Java. Michael Walzer (1935-), Obligations: Essays on Disobedience, War and Citizenship. Alan W. Watts (1915-73), Does It Matter? Essays on Man's Relationship to Materiality. Benjamin J. Wattenberg (1933-) and Richard M. Scammon, The Real Majority: An Extraordinary Examination of the American Electorate; former LBJ speechwriter (1966-8) Wattenberg claims that the real U.S. electorate is centrist, i.e., economically liberal and socially conservative, thus the Dem. Party must shift from economic issues (Social Security, employment) to social issues (crime, drugs, morality) to remain viable against the Repubs.; becomes ammo for the 1972 Repub. pres. campaign. Harold Weisberg (1914-2002), Frame-Up: The Martin Luther King - James Earl Ray Case; evidence that Ray was another patsy in a conspiracy and coverup. Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862-1931), Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells (posth.); the anti-lynching crusader. Garry Wills (1934-), Nixon Agonistes: The Crisis of the Self-Made Man; analyzes Nixon's opinions, coming to the conclusion that he's actually a liberal, pissing-off Nixon, who puts him on his enemies list, making him more popular? Angus Wilson (1913-91), The World of Charles Dickens. Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers; attends a party for liberals embracing fashionable radical causes hosted by Leonard Bernstein, causing him to coin the term "radical chic", then notes how black militant groups in San Francisco scramble for govt. funds. Robin Wood (1931-2009) and Michael Walker, Claude Chabrol. George Woodcock (1912-95), The Hudson's Bay Company. C. Vann Woodward (1908-99), American Counterpoint: Slavery and Race in the North-South Dialogue (essays). Howard Zinn (1922-2010), The Politics of History; the power-to-the-people view of history as contested terrain that is fair game for radical historians like him; explains U.S. history as a war between Am. ideals and lust for oligarchic power. Art: Romare Bearden (1911-88), The Calabash (collage); Patchwork Quilt (collage). Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Grey Crucifixion; Louisiana. Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-), Monument to Malcolm X (sculpture). Jim Dine (1935-), Small Heart Painting No. 21. Beatriz Gonzalez, Lullaby. Philip Guston (1913-80), Courtroom. Barbara Hepworth (1903-75), Family of Man (sculpture). Eva Hesse (1936-70), Untitled Rope Piece (sculpture) - end of her rope jokes here? Alex Katz (1927-), Son Vincent with Open Mouth. Brice Marden (1938-), For Pearl; grey/red/orange vertical stripes. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Elle Logela Folie; Je-ographie; El Hombre de la Lampara; MAgriTTA Chair. Joan Miro (1893-1983), Personnage (bronze sculpture). Alice Neel (1900-84), Andy Warhol. Philip Pearlstein (1924-), Male and Female Models Leaning on Chair. Fairfield Porter (1907-75), Under the Elms (1971-2). Bridget Riley (1931-), Orient 4. Larry Rivers (1923-2002), Popcorn; Tanfastic Dark-Tanning. James Rosenquist (1933-), Flamingo Capsule; Silver Skies. Terry Schoonhoven (1945-2002), Venice in the Snow (mural); placed on a bldg. on the boardwalk of Venice Beach, Calif.; too bad, a bldg. is erected next to it in 1972, obscuring it. Robert Smithson (1938-73), Spiral Jetty; earthwork sculpture on the Great Salt Lake in Utah, made of 6.5K tons of basalt, dirt and salt, becoming his trademark after his tragic early death. Music: Ten Years After, Cricklewood Green (album #5) (Apr. 17); named after a friend who lives in Cricklewood, London and grows a psychedelic plant; 45 rpm on one side, 33 rpm on the other; incl. Love Like a Man; Watt (album #6) (Dec.). The Allman Brothers Band, Idlewild South (album #2) (Sept. 23); named for their rented farmhouse in Ga.; incl. Midnight Rider, Revival. Jay and the Americans, Wax Museum (album) (Jan.); incl. Walkin' in the Rain (#19 in the U.S.) (last single to chart). Ed Ames (1927-), Sing Away the World (album); incl. Three Good Reasons, Chippewa Town. Argent, Argent (album) (debut) (Jan.); from England, incl. Zombies keyboardist Rod Argent (1945-), Russ Ballard (guitar), Jim Rodford (1941-) (bass), Robert "Bob" Henrit (1946-) (drums); incl. Liar, Dance in the Smoke. Gerald Arpino (1923-2008), Trinity (ballet choreographed to rock music). Aston, Gardner, and Dyke, Resurrection Shuffle. The Association, The Association Live (album); recorded in Salt Lake City on Apr. 3. Badfinger, Magic Christian Music (album) (debut) (Jan. 9) (#55 in the U.S.); from the 1969 film "The Magic Christian"; Come and Get It (written by Paul McCartney); No Dice (album #2) (Nov. 9) (#28 in the U.S.); first with guitarist Joey Molland; incl. No Matter What (#8 in the U.S.), Without You. Joan Baez (1941-), One Day at a Time (album #8) (Jan.); incl. Sweet Sir Galahad (first song she ever composed) (about her brother-in-law, hubby of Mimi Farina), Joe Hill (by Alfred Hayes and Earl Robinson). The Band, Stage Fright (album #3) (Aug. 17); they go rock; incl. Stage Fright, Daniel and the Sacred Harp, The Rumor. Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy (album) (Feb.) (#66 in the U.S.); incl. Mr. Bojangles (by Jerry Jeff Walker) (#9 in the U.S.). Syd Barrett (1946-2006), The Madcap Laughs (album) (solo debut) (Jan.); incl. Terrapin; Barrett (album). The Beatles, Let It Be (May 8) (12th and last album); original title "Get Back"; the cover photo shows all of them with mustaches except John; Billy Preston plays electric piano and organ; the Beatles disband before its release; incl. Two of Us, Dig a Pony, Across the Universe, I Me Mine, Dig It, Let It Be, Maggie Mae, I've Got a Feeling, One After 909, The Long and Winding Road, For You Blue, Get Back. Captain Beefheart (1941-) and The Magic Band, Lick My Decals Off, Baby (album #4) (Dec.) (#20 in the U.K.); incl. Lick My Decals Off, Baby, Dr. Dark, Japan Is A Dishpan, Petrified Forest, I Love You, You Big Dummy. Brook Benton (1931-88), Rainy Night in Georgia (#4 in the U.S.); written by Tony Joe White. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Tulane. Bobby Bloom (1945-74), Montego Bay (#8 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder co-written by Jeff Barry, who gets his life insurance when he accidentally shoots himself in 1974; it's in Jamaica. The Moody Blues, A Question of Balance (album #6) (Aug. 7); incl. Question (about the Vietnam War). Delaney, Bonnie & Friends, On Tour with Eric Clapton (album #3) (Mar.) (#29 in the U.S., #39 in the U.K.); incl. Things Get Better, Only You and I Know, I Don't Want to Discuss It. To Bonnie from Delaney (album #4) (Sept.) (#58 in the U.S.); incl. Soul Shake, Living on the Open Road. David Bowie (1947-2016), The Man Who Sold the World (album #3) (Nov.); cover features Bowie reclining in a "man's dress"; incl. The Man Who Sold the World. Bread, On the Waters (album #2) (July); incl. Make It with You. Edgar Broughton Band, Love in the Rain. James Brown (1933-2006), The Funky Drummer; becomes the most widely sampled rhythm in hip-hop; Get Up (I Feel Like Being A) Sex Machine; the longer length helps launch disco? Savoy Brown, Looking In (album #6); incl. Money Can't Save Your Soul. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Down to Earth (album) (debut). Iron Butterfly, Metamorphosis (album #4); Erik Brann is replaced by Mike Penera and Larry "Rhino" Reinhardt; incl. Free Flight. The Byrds, Untitled (double album) (Sept. 16). The Carpenters, Close to You (album #2) (Aug. 19) (#2 in the U.S., #23 in the U.K.); incl. (They Long to Be) Close to You, We've Only Just Begun (written by Paul Williams and Roger Nichols for a Crocker Nat. Bank TV commercial). Clarence Carter (1936-), Patches. Johnny Cash (1932-2003), Hello, I'm Johnny Cash (album); incl. Sunday Morning Coming Down ("Wishing, Lord, that I was stoned"; "Cursin' at a can that he was kickin'"); I Walk the Line - Movie Soundtrack (album); incl. I Walk the Line. Blue Cheer, The Original Human Being (album #5) (Sept.); incl. Babaji (Twilight Raga). Chicago, Chicago (album #2) ((double album) (Jan. 26) (#4 in the U.S.) (#6 in the U.K.) (1M copies); incl. 25 or 6 to 4 (#4 in the U.S.), Make Me Smile (#9 in the U.S.) (part 1 of "allet for a Girl in Buchannon"), Coulour My World (#7 in the U.S.), Where Do We Go From Here?. Ray Charles (1930-2004), If You Were Mine. Chilliwack, Chilliwack (album) (debut); formerly the Collectors; from Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Gene Clark (1944-91), White Light (Gene Clark) (album). Strawberry Alarm Clock, California Day; Girl From the City; flops, and they're now kaput. Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Mad Dogs and Englishmen (album) (Aug.) (#16 in the U.K.); produced by Leon Russell; incl. The Letter (by the Box Tops), She Came in Through the Bathroom Window (by John Lennon/Paul McCartney), Let It Be (by John Lennon/Paul McCartney) (w/Claudia Lennear), Something (by George Harrison), With a Little Help From My Friends (by John Lennon/Paul McCartney). Judy Collins (1939-), Whales & Nightingales (album #9) (Aug.) (#17 in the U.S.) (500K copies); incl. Amazing Grace (by John Newton), Farewell to Tarwathie (complete with humpback whale sounds), A Song for David (by Joan Baez). Honey Cone, Want Ads. The Peanut Butter Conspiracy, For Children of All Ages (album #3) (last album). Marius Constant (1925-2007), Candide (ballet (Hamburg); stars Marcel Marceau. Alice Cooper (1948-), Easy Action (album #2) (Mar.); title taken from "West Side Story". King Crimson, In the Wake of Poseidon (album #2) (May 15); from London, incl. Robert Fripp (1946-) (guitar), Robert Steven "Adrian" Belew (1949-), Michael Rex Giles (1942-) (drums), Ian MacDonald (1946-) (sax), Gregory Stuart "Greg" Lake (1947-) (bass), and Peter John Sinfield (1943-) (synthesizer, lyrics); cover features Tammo De Jongh's 1967 "12 Archetypes (Faces of Humankind)"; Lake leaves to join Emerson, Lake and Palmer; incl. Cat Food, The Devil's Triangle (based on Gustav Holst's "The Planets", 1914-16); Lizard (album #3) (Dec. 11); Gordon Haskell (1946-) (bass), Andy McCulloch (1945-) (drums); heavy jazz influence; incl. Lizard. Seals and Crofts, Down Home (album #2). Miles Davis (1926-91), Bitches Brew (double album) (Mar. 30) (500K copies); experiments with the electric piano and guitar, pioneering jazz rock; incl. Bitches Brew. Paul Davis (1948-2008), A Little Bit of Paul Davis (album) (debut); incl. A Little Bit of Soap (#52 in the U.S.), I Just Wanna Keep It Together. The Grateful Dead, Workingman's Dead (June 14) (album #4); incl. Uncle John's Band; American Beauty (album #5) (Nov. 1); incl. Truckin', Box of Rain, Friend of the Devil, Sugar Magnolia. Edison Denisov (1929-96), Painting (Peinture); for orchestra. Sandy Denny (1947-78), It's Sandy Denny (album); recorded in London on Mar. 22 and Apr. 26, 1967. John Denver (1943-97), Take Me to Tomorrow (album #2) (May); incl. Take Me to Tomorrow, Amsterdam, Carolina In My Mind; Whose Garden Was This? (album #3) (Oct.). Derek and the Dominos, featuring Eric Clapton (1945-), Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs (album); incl. Layla, inspired by his unrequired love for George Harrison's wife (since 1966) Patricia Anne "Pattie" Boyd (1944-) (a former model who has rabbit-like front teeth), along with swinging 60s Scottish-born London bohemian Ian Dallas (1930-), who gave him a copy of the ancient Persian Sufi parable"Layla" by Nezami Ganjavi (1141-1209), about a man who went crazy when a beautiful woman wouldn't marry him; Clapton finally marries her in 1979, and divorces her in 1989; meanwhile having converted to Sufi Islam in 1967 and changed his name to Abdalqadir as-Sufi, in the 1980s Dallas founds the Rabbit, er, Murabitun Worldwide Movement, with 10K followers by 2010, which preaches that the Islamic world will conquer the "Jewish dominated West", and also preaches against Capitalism. Neil Diamond (1941-), Cracklin' Rosie (Aug. 22) (#1 in the U.S.); He Ain't Heavy... He's My Brother (Nov. 7) (#20 in the U.S.). Donovan (1946-), Open Road (album #9); his first Celtic rock album. Bo Diddley (1928-2008), The Black Gladiator (album). The 5th Dimension, Portrait (album #5) (Apr.); incl. One Less Bell to Answer (#2 in the U.S.) (by Burt Bacharach and Hal David). The Doors, Morrison Hotel (Hard Rock Cafe) (album #5) (Feb.); incl. Roadhouse Blues. Tangerine Dream, Electronic Meditation (album) (debut); from Germany, incl. Edgar Wilmar Froese (1944-); incl. Journey Through A Burning Brain. Bob Dylan (1941-), Self Portrait (album #10) (double album) (June 8); last with his affected country crooning voice; incl. Copper Kettle, Blue Moon; New Morning (album #11) (Oct. 19); incl. New Morning, If Not for You. Cass Elliot (1941-74), Mama's Big Ones (album). Alton Ellis (1938-2008), Sunday Coming (album). Brian Eno (1948-) and Robert Fripp (1946-), (No Pussyfooting) (album) (Nov.); pioneers Frippertronics, a tape delay system that creates musical effects. Georgie Fame (1943-), Georgie Does His Thing with Strings (album). Family, A Song for Me (album #3) (June 13); incl. A Song for Me; Old Songs New Songs (album #4); Anyway (album #5). Jose Feliciano (1945-), Feliz Navidad (Sp. "Merry Christmas") (original title "Jose Feliciano") (album) (Nov.); incl. Feliz Navidad, which becomes one of the most popular Xmas songs ever. Roberta Flack (1937-), First Take (album). Carlisle Floyd (1926-), Of Mice and Men (opera) (Seattle, Wash.) (Jan. 22); based on the 1937 John Steinbeck novel. Pink Floyd, Atom Heart Mother (album) (Oct. 10); incl. Atom Heart Mother (used in "A Clockwork Orange"), Alan's Psychedelic Breakfast, Summer '68, Fat Old Sun; The Best of the Pink Floyd (album). Flying Burrito Brothers, Burrito Deluxe (album #2) (May); incl. Wild Horses (by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards), If You Gotta Go (by Bob Dylan), Farther Along. Focus, Focus Plays Focus (In and Out of Focus) (album) (debut); from Netherlands, incl. Thijs van Leer (keyboards), Jan Akkerman (guitar), Martin Dresden (bass), and Hans Cleuver (drums). Free, Fire and Water (album #3) (June) (#13 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); their first hit; incl. All Right Now (#4 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); Highway (album #4) (Dec.). The Fugs, Golden Filth (Live at the Fillmore East) (album). Funkadelic, Funkadelic (album) (debut); George Clinton (1941-); Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow (album #2) (July) (#92 in the U.S.); incl. Free Your Mind... and Your Ass Will Follow. The James Gang, The James Gang Rides Again (album #2) (July); Dale Peters (bass); incl. Funk #49, The Bomber. Paul Simon (1941-) and Art Garfunkel (1941-), Bridge Over Troubled Water (album #5) (last album) (Jan. 26) (#1 in the U.S.) (#1 in the U.K.); named after their frequent fights; sells 25M copies; album has 11 tracks because they can't agree on a final cut; having cashed in bigtime, they part ways next year; incl. Bridge Over Troubled Water (#1 in the U.S.) (#1 in the U.K.), El Condor Pasa (If I Could) (#6 in the U.S.), Cecilia (#4 in the U.S.), The Boxer, Bye Bye Love, Baby Driver (featured in the 2017 film "Baby Driver"), Keep the Customer Satisfied. Marvin Gaye (1939-84), That's the Way Love Is (album #7) (Jan. 7); incl. That's the Way Love Is, Gonna Give Her All the Love I've Got. Bee Gees, Cucumber Castle (album #7) (Apr.); sans Robin Gibb; incl. Cucumber Castle, Don't Forget to Remember, I.O.I.O.; 2 Years On (album #8) (Dec.); incl. 2 Years On. Genesis, Trespass (album #2) (Oct. 23); drummer John Mayhew (1947-2009); last with Anthony Phillips; incl. White Mountain, The Knife, Visions of Angels. Bobbie Gentry (1944-), Fancy (album #8); incl. Fancy; I'll Never Fall In Love Again (album #9); incl. I'll Never Fall in Love Again. Norman Greenbaum (1942-), Canned Ham. Gypsy, Gypsy (double album) (debut); incl. Gypsy Queen Part 1, Gypsy Queen Part 2, Dead and Gone, The Vision; from Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn., incl. Enrico Rosenbaum (1944-79) (vocals), James Walsh (keyboards), and Bill Lordan (drums). Merle Haggard (1937-2016), The Fightin' Side of Me. George Hamilton IV (1937-), She's a Little Bit Country. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Mwandishi (album #9). Edwards Hand, Stranded (album). Roy Harper (1941-), Flat Baroque and Beserk (album #4) (Jan.) (#20 in the U.K.); incl. I Hate the White Man, Another Day, Tom Tiddler's Ground. George Harrison (1943-2001), All Things Must Pass (triple album) (Nov. 27); first triple album by a solo artist; 3rd disk is called "Apple Jam"; incl. All Things Must Pass, My Sweet Lord (Sept. 4), What Is Life, Isn't It a Pity, If Not for You (by Bob Dylan), Beware of Darkness. Procol Harum, Home (album #4). Richie Havens (1941-), Stonehenge (album); incl. Open Our Eyes. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), The Isaac Hayes Movement (album #3) (Mar.); incl. One Big Unhappy Family; To Be Continued (album #4) (Nov.); incl. The Look of Love. Canned Heat, Future Blues (album #5) (Aug. 3); last with Alan Wilson; incl. Let's Work Together, The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late) (with the Chipmunks); Canned Heat '70 Concert Live in Europe (album). Uriah Heep, Very 'eavy... Very 'umble (album) (debut) (June); formerly Spice and The Stalkers; from London, England, incl. Michael Frederick "Mick" Box (1947-) (guitar), David Byron (Garrick) (1947-85) (vocals), Kenneth William David "Ken" Hensley (1945-), Paul Newton (bass), and Alex Napier/ Ian Clarke (1946-) (drums); David Byron is drenched in cobwebs on the cover; "If this group makes it I'll have to commit suicide. From the first note you know you don't want to hear any more." (Melissa Mills, Rolling Stone); incl. Gypsy, Dreammare, Real Turned On, Bird of Prey. Hans Werner Henze (1926-), El Cimarron (Aldeburgh). Mott the Hoople, Mad Shadows (album); incl. Thunderbuck Ram, When My Mind's Gone. Mary Hopkin (1950-), Temma Harbour; Knock Knock Who's There. Hotlegs, Neanderthal Man (#2 in the U.K.) (2M copies). Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), And God Created Great Whales, Op. 229. Brian Hyland (1943-), Gypsy Woman (#3 in the U.S.) (1M copies); by Curtis Mayfield. Blues Image, Open (album #2) (Apr.); sells 1M copies; incl. Ride Captain Ride (#4 in the U.S.); "73 men sailed up from the San Francisco Bay/ Rolled off of their ship/ And here's what they had to say/ We're calling everyone to ride along/ To another shore/ We can laugh our lives away and be free once more/ But no one heard them callin'/ No one came at all/ Cause they were too busy watchin'/ Those old raindrops fall/ As a storm was blowin'/ Out on the peaceful sea/ 73 men sailed off to history/ Ride, captain ride/ Upon your mystery ship/ Be amazed at the friends/ You have here on your trip/ Ride captain ride/ Upon your mystery ship/ On your way to a world/ That others might have missed"; refers to Sir Francis Drake on his first voyage to America the Golden Hind in 1572?; Red White & Blues Image (album #3) (last album) (May). Ballin' Jack, Super Highway. Wanda Jackson (1937-), Two Separate Bar Stools; Who Shot John?; A Woman Lives for Love. Jackson 5, ABC (album #2) (May); incl. ABC (Feb.) (4.1M copies, #1 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.), The Love You Save (replaces the Beatles "The Long and Winding Road" as #1 in the U.S.), I'll Be There (6M copies, #1 in the U.S. and #4 in the U.K., making them the first group whose first four singles all go #1 in the U.S.); Third Album (album #3) (Sept.); incl. Mama's Pearl (2M copies, becoming #2 in the U.S.); The Jackson 5 Christmas Album (album #4) (Oct.). Jaggerz, The Rapper. Mungo Jerry, In the Summertime (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (debut); becomes a phenomenon, selling 30M copies worldwide and reaching #1 in 26 countries, sparking Mungomania; Raymond Edward "Ray" Dorset (1946-) (vocals); the lyrics "Have a drink, have a drive/ go out and see what you can find" piss-off anti-drunk driving activists; the lyrics "If her daddy's rich, take her out for a meal/ If her daddy's poor, just do what you feel/ Speed along the lane", is widely misunderstood as "Screw her on the lake"? Elton John (1947-), Elton John (album #2) (Apr. 10); lyrics by Bernie Taupin; incl. Your Song (takes a gay to really know a woman?); Tumbleweed Connection (album #3) (Oct. 30); incl. Ballad of a Well-Known Gun, Country Comfort. Alive N Kickin', Tighter, Tighter (#7 in the U.S.); from Brooklyn, N.Y., incl. Bruce Charles Sudano (1948-), Woody Wilson (bass), John Parisio (guitar), Ron Pell/Vito Albano (drums). B.B. King (1925-), The Thrill is Gone. The Kinks, Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One (album #8) (Nov. 27) (#35 in the U.S.); incl. Lola (#9 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.), Apeman (#5 in the U.K.). Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, If I Were Your Woman (#9 in the U.S.). Kraftwerk, Kraftwerk (album) (debut) (Nov.); German for power plant; pioneer electronic music band from Dusseldorf, Germany, incl. Ralf Hutter (Hütter) (1946-) and Florian Schneider-Esleben (1947-); incl. Ruckzuck, Stratovarius. Kris Kristofferson (1936-), Kristofferson (album) (debut); incl. Me & Bobby McGee, For the Good Times, Sunday Morning Coming Down. Fela Kuti (1938-97), Live! (album) (debut); with Ginger Baker; Why Black Man Dey Suffer (album #2). John Lennon (1940-80), John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (album) (solo debut) (Dec. 11); incl. God ("God is a concept by which we measure our pain... I don't believe in the Beatles, I just believe in me... The dream is over, what can I say... I was the dreamweaver, but now I'm reborn. I was the Walrus, but now I'm John. And so dear friends, you just have to carry on. The dream is over"), Working Class Hero. Gordon Lightfoot (1938-), If You Could Read My Mind (#5 in the U.S.). Edison Lighthouse, Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Grows) (#5 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (1M copies); from England, incl. Anthony "Tony" Burrows (1942-) (formerly of the Flower Pot Men); 1-hit wonder. Love, False Start (album #6) (Dec.). Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms, One Step Away; I Ain't Got to Love Nobody Else. Loretta Lynn (1932-), Coal Miner's Daughter (album) (Dec. 28); incl. Coal Miner's Daughter (#1 in the U.S.). Fleetwood Mac, Kiln House (album #4) (Sept. 18); incl. Earl Gray. Charles Manson (1934-2017), Lie: The Love and Terror Cult (album) (Mar. 6) (Awareness Records); released the same day the court revokes its decision to permit Manson to represent himself. Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Soul Rebels (album) (Dec.); incl. Soul Rebel. Donald Martino (1931-2005), Pianississimo. Peter, Paul and Mary, The Best of Peter, Paul and Mary: 10 years Together (album); that out of the way, the group splits. Dave Mason (1946-), Only You Know and I Know. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Curtis (album) (debut); becomes known for his social conscience. MC5, Back in the USA (album #2) (Jan. 15); flops, and they go kaput, along with the 1960s? Paul McCartney (1942-), McCartney (album) (solo debut) (Apr. 17); incl. Maybe I'm Amazed, Lovely Linda (for Linda Eastman), Junk. Gene McDaniels (1935-), Outlaw (album #9). Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Greatest Hits 2 (album); incl. Jean from the 1969 film "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie"; Soldiers Who Wanna Be Heroes; "Soldiers who wanna be heroes/ number practic'lly zero/ But there are millions/ who wanna be civilians". Christine McVie (1943-), Christine Perfect (album) (solo debut) (Dec. 6); next solo album in 1984. Melanie (1947-), Look at What They've Done to My Song, Ma; Candles in the Rain (album #3); incl. Lay Down (Candles in the Rain) (#6 in the U.S.); Leftover Wine (Live at Carnegie Hall) Sept.). Steve Miller Band, Your Saving Grace (album #4) (Mar.); incl. Little Girl; Number 5 (album #5) (Nov.). Little Christy Minstrels, You Need Someone to Love (album #16). Joni Mitchell (1943-), Ladies of the Canyon (album #3) (Apr.); incl. Big Yellow Taxi ("They paved paradise and put up a parking lot") ("big yellow taxi took away my old man"), Woodstock, The Circle Game. Russell Morris (1948-), Rachel; anti-war song. Van Morrison (1945-), Moondance (album #3) (Feb. 28); incl. Moondance, Come Running, Crazy Love; His Band and the Street Choir (album #4) (Nov. 15); original title "Virgo's Fool"; incl. Domino. Mountain, (Mountain) Climbing! (album) (debut) (Mar. 7) (#17 in the U.S.); from Long Island, N.Y., incl. Leslie West (Weinstein) (1945-) (vocals), Felix A. Pappalardi Jr. (1939-83) (bass, piano), and Laurence Gordon "Corky" Laing (1948-) (drums); incl. Mississippi Queen (#21 in the U.S.). The Move, Shazam (album #2); incl. Hello Susie; Looking On (album #3); incl. Looking On, Turkish Tram Conductor Blues; Brontosaurus (Apr.); When Alice Comes Back to the Farm (Oct.). Anne Murray (1945-), Honey, Wheat and Laughter (album #3); incl. Put Your Hand in the Hand; Snowbird (album); Straight, Clean and Simple (album #4). Michael Nesmith (1942-), Joanne. The Nice, Five Bridges (album #4) (June) (#2 in the U.S.); commissioned by the Newcastle Arts Festival, and named after the five bridges spanning the Tyne River; incl. The Five Bridges Suite. Nico (1938-88), Desertshore (album #3) (Dec.); incl. Janitor of Lunacy, Le Petit Chevalier. Three Dog Night, It Ain't Easy (originally titled "The Wizards of Orange") (album #4) (Apr.); incl. It Ain't Easy, Mama Told Me (Not To Come). Naturally (album #5) (Nov.) ; incl. Joy to the World (by Hoyt Axton) (#1 in the U.S.) ("Jeremiah was a bullfrog, was a good friend of mine,/ I never understood a single a word he said, but I helped him drink his wine"), Liar (by Russ Ballard), One Man Band. Harry Nilsson (1941-94), Nilsson Sings Newman (album) (Feb.); songs by Randy Newman. Laura Nyro (1947-97), Christmas and the Beads of Sweat (album #4) (Nov. 25) (#51 in the U.S.); incl. Beads of Sweat, Up on the Roof (by Gerry Goffin and Carole King) (#92 in the U.S.). Ocean, Put Your Hand in the Hand (#1 in the U.S.); written by Gene MacLellan, and first performed by Anne Murray; from London, Ont., Canada, incl. Jance Brown (guitar, vocals), Greg Brown (keyboard, vocals), Jeff Jones (bass, vocals), Dave Tamblyn (guitar), and Chuck Slater (drums). Phil Ochs (1940-76), Greatest Hits (album #7) (Feb.). Oliver (1945-2000), Sunday Mornin'. Yoko Ono (1933-), Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band (album) (debut) (Dec. 11); incl. Why; so bad it's good, laying the foundation for talentless punk rock? Roy Orbison (1936-88), She Cheats On Me/ How Do You Start Over Again (Jan.); So Young/ If I Had a Woman Like You (Apr.). Tony Orlando (1944-) and Dawn, Candida (album) (debut); Tony Orlando, Telma Hopkins (1948-), and Joyce Vincent Woilson (1946-); group named after a Columbia Records exec.'s daughter; spawn their own Tony Orlando and Dawn Show in 1973-6; incl. Candida. Gilbert O'Sullivan (1946-), Nothing Rhymed. Freda Payne (1942-), Band of Gold. The Mamas and the Papas, People Like Us (album); produced after the record co. sues them for breach of contract, after which they permanently split; incl. Step Out. Pickettywitch, Same Old Feeling. Humble Pie, Humble Pie (album #3) (July); first with A&M Records; cover features a drawing of a woman exposing her breasts and you know what; incl. Only a Roach, I'm Ready. The Pipkins, Gimme Dat Ding (by Albert Hammond and Mike Hazlewood) (#9 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder from England; incl. Anthony "Tony" Burrows (1942-) and Roger John Reginald Greenaway (1938-). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), King Kong: Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa (album). Elvis Presley (1935-77), Kentucky Rain/ My Little Friend (#1 country) (#16 in the U.S.); written by Eddie Rabbitt, featuring Ronnie Milsap on piano; Let's Be Friends (Apr.); Wonder Of You/ Mama Like the Roses (May); On Stage February 1970 (album) (June); incl. (Ghost) Riders in the Sky; I've Lost You/ Next Step Is Love (July); Worldwide 50 Gold Hits, Vol. 1 (album) (Aug.); You Don't Have To Say You Love Me/ Patch It Up (Oct.) (1st time shown with big sunglasses); Almost In Love (album) (Nov.); incl. Almost in Love from the 1968 film "Live a Little, Love a Little"; Elvis' Christmas Album (Nov.); Elvis in Person at the International Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada (album) (Nov.); recorded live on July 31, 1969; Back in Memphis (album) (Nov.); I Really Don't Want to Know/ There Goes My Everything (Dec. 8) (#23 country) (#21 in the U.S.); Elvis: That's the Way It Is (album) (Nov 11). Billy Preston (1946-2006), Encouraging Words (album #5) (Jan. 7); incl. My Sweet Lord. Bubble Puppy, Demian (album #2) (last album). Deep Purple, Deep Purple in Rock (album #4) (June) (#4 in the U.K.); incl. Speed King, Into the Fire, Child in Time, Black Night. Josie and the Pussycats, Josie and the Pussycats (album) (debut) (last album); incl. Cathy Douglas, Patrice Holloway, and Cherie Jean Stoppelmoor, later known as Cheryl Ladd. Paul Revere and The Raiders, Collage (album) (Mar. 4); incl. We All Gotta Get Together. Lou Rawls (1933-2006), Natural Man. Martha Reeves (1941-) and the Vandellas, Bless You. Grand Funk Railroad, Closer to Home (album #3) (July); a block-long $100K billboard ad for the album is placed in Times Square in New York City; incl. Nothing is the Same, I'm Your Captain ("Everybody, listen to me/ And return me my ship/ I'm your captain, I'm your captain/ Although I'm feeling mighty sick/ I've been lost now, days uncounted/ And it's months since I've seen home,/ Can you hear me, can you hear me/ Or am I all alone"); about Sir Frances Drake between Apr. 1579 when he left the Pacific Coast of Mexico to Nov. 1579 when he arrived in the East Indies? Redbone, Potlach (album) (debut); Nativ Am./Cajun rock band from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Native Am. (Yaqui, Shoshone, Mexican) brothers Lolly Vegas (Candido Albelando Vasquez-Vegas) (1939-2010) (vocals) and Patrick "Pat" Vegas (Vasquez-Vegas) (vocals, bass), and Peter "King Kong Beat" DePoe (drums); the group's name means a mixed-race person; incl. Maggie. Otis Redding (1941-67), Tell the Truth (album) (July 1) (posth.). Steve Reich (1936-), Four Organs. Creedence Clearwater Revival, Cosmo's Factory (album #5) (June 25); named for the Berkeley, Calif. warehouse where they rehearsed it; big hit on the Billboard soul albums chart; incl. Lookin' Out My Back Door, Up Around the Bend; Travelin' Band (a ripoff of Little Richard's "Good Golly, Miss Molly"?), Who'll Stop the Rain, Run Through the Jungle (Apr.), Long As I Can See the Light, I Heard It Through the Grapevine, Ramble Tamble ("police on the corner, garbage on the sidewalk, actors in the White House"); Pendulum (album) (Dec.); incl. Have You Ever Seen the Rain?, Hey, Tonight, Rude Awakening #2; too bad, mgr. John Fogerty puts all the members' money in the tax dodge scam of his producer Saul Zaentz, losing it to the Castle Bank of Nassau, and they are about ready to call it quits. Marty Robbins (1925-82), My Woman, My Woman, My Wife (#1 country) (#42 in the U.S.). Smokey Robinson (1940-) and the Miracles, The Tears of a Clown. Tommy Roe (1942-), Stir It Up and Serve It; We Can Make Music. Kenny Rogers (1938-) and the First Edition, Something's Burning (album #5); incl. Something's Burning (#11 in U.S.); Tell It All Brother (album #6); incl. Tell It All Brother. Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Silk Purse (album #2) (Mar.); incl. Long, Long Time. Grass Roots, Temptation Eyes; Sooner or Later. Diana Ross (1944-), Diana Ross (album) (debut) (May); incl. Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand), Ain't No Mountain High Enough; Barry Ryan (1948-), Magical Spiel; Kitsch. Black Sabbath, Black Sabbath (album) (debut) (Fri., Feb. 13) (#8 in the U.K., #23 in the U.S.); original name Earth (1968); from Birmingham, England, incl. "the Prince of Darkness", "Godfather of Heavy Metal" John Michael "Ozzy" Osbourne (1948-) (vocals), Frank Anthony "Tony" Iommi (1948-) (guitar), Terence "Geezer" Butler (1949-) (bass), William Thomas "Bill" Ward (1948-) (drums); Iommi downtunes his Gibson from E to C-sharp for that "heavy" sound; incl. Black Sabbath, The Wizard, N.I.B., Evil Woman; Paranoid (album #2) (Sept. 18); incl. Paranoid, War Pigs, Iron Man, Electric Funeral, Rat Salad, Fairies Wear Boots. Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), The Circle Game; from the 1970 film "The Strawberry Statement" dir. by Stuart Hagmann. Santana, Abraxas (album #2); incl. Black Magic Woman, Oye Como Va, Gypsy Queen, Singing Winds, Crying Beasts. Gill Scott-Heron (1949-2011), A New Black Poet: Small Talk at 125th and Lenox (album) (debut); "A volcanic upheaval of intellectualism and social critique" (John Bush), causing him to become known as the Black Bob Dylan and the Godfather of Rap; incl. The Revolution Will Not Be Televised. Bog Seger System, Mongrel (album #3) (Aug.); incl. River Deep - Mountain High, Lucifer. Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Deaf Dumb Blind (Summun Bukmun Umyun) (album #6); features Woody Shaw on trumpet; incl. Summun, Bukmun, Umyun (from the Quran's Sura Bakara); Let Us Go into the House of the Lord. Gunther Schuller (1925-) and Charles Ives (1874-1954), The Yale-Princeton Football Game (Carnegie Hall, New York) (Nov. 29). Seatrain, Seatrain (album #2); produced by George Martin (first record after the Beatles); incl. 13 Questions (#49 in the U.S.). Quicksilver Messenger Service, Shady Grove (album #3); incl. Shady Grove; Nicky Hopkins replaces Gary Duncan, who returns along with Dino Valenti to make the "Hawaiian albums" Just For Love (album #4) (Dec.) and What About Me (album #5) (Dec.), incl. What About Me, after which the band breaks up, leaving Valenti to form the new band Quicksilver. Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Rhapsody for Orchestra. Sandie Shaw (1947-), By Tomorrow; Wight is Wight. Brewer and Shipley, Tarkio (album #3); named after Tarkio, Mo.; incl. One Toke Over the Line (song about smoking marijuana causes Pres. Nixon to label them subversive to U.S. youth, after which clueless Gail Farrell and Dick Dale perform it on the Lawrence Welk Show, and Welk calls it a "modern spiritual"), Tarkio Road, Shake Off the Demon. Little Sister, You're the One; Vaetta "Vet" Stone (1950-) (sister of Sly Stone). Memphis Slim (1915-88), Messin' Around with the Blues (album). Edwin Starr (1942-2003), War!; "War! What is it good for? Absolutely nothing!" The Five Stairsteps, O-oh-h Child (#8 in the U.S.); from Chicago, Ill., incl. five of Betty and Clarence Burke Sr.'s six children, Alohe Jean, Clarence Jr., James, Dennis, Kenneth "Keni", and Cubie, who had a string of low-charting Billboard 200 singles in the 1960s, earning them the title "The First Family of Soul" until the Jackson family supersedes them. Ringo Starr (1940-), Sentimental Journey (album) (solo debut) (Mar. 27) (#22 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.); all covers; incl. Dream, You Always Hurt the One You Love, Beaucoups of Blues (album #2) (Sept. 25); incl. It Don't Come Easy, Back Off Boogaloo. Status Quo, Down the Dustpipe (Mar.); first with their new boogie shuffle; Ma Kelly's Greasy Spoon (album #3) (Aug.); first to switch from psychedlic to hard rock style. Steppenwolf, Steppenwolf Live (album) (Apr.); Steppenwolf 7 (album #5); first with bassist George Biondo. Cat Stevens (1948-), Mona Bone Jakon (album); (Apr. 1); incl. Lady D'Arbanville, Pop Star, Katmandu (with Peter Gabriel); Tea for the Tillerman (album); incl. Tea for the Tillerman, Wild World, Father and Son, Hard-Headed Woman. Ray Stevens (1939-), Everything is Beautiful (album); incl. Everything is Beautiful; sells 3M copies. Al Stewart (1945-), Zero She Flies (album #3). Rod Stewart (1945-), Gasoline Alley (album #2); incl. Gasoline Alley. Sly and the Family Stone, Greatest Hits (album) (Nov. 21). The Rolling Stones, Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert (album) (Sept. 4). The Stooges, Fun House (album #2) (July); loudest album ever?; incl. 1970 (I Feel Alright), L.A. Blues. Lally Stott, Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep. Sugarloaf, Green-Eyed Woman (#3 in the U.S.) (originally Chocolate Hair); from Denver, Colo.; named after the mountain outside Boulder, Colo.; fronted by keyboardist Jerry Corbetta, incl. Bob Webber (formerly of the Moonrakers) (guitar), Veeder Van Dorn III (guitar), and Bob MacVittie (drums). Supertramp, Supertramp (album) (debut) (July); from England, incl. Roger Hodgson, Richard Palmer, and Robert Millar; backed by Dutch millionaire Stanley August "Sam" Miesegaes, who gets them signed to A&M Records. Richard Dean Taylor (1939-), Indiana Wants Me (#5 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder from Canada. James Taylor (1948-), Sweet Baby James (album #2) (Feb.); incl. Fire and Rain (#3 in the U.S.), Sweet Baby James. Livingston Taylor (1950-), Livingston Taylor (album) (debut); incl. Carolina Day. The Nashville Teens, Ella James (last release). The Temptations, Ball of Confusion (That's What the World is Today) (May 7); "Round and around and around we go, where the world's headed, nobody knows (and the band played on)". The Pretty Things, Parachute (album #5) (June); incl. She Was Tall, She Was High, In the Square, Sickle Clowns. Randall Thompson (1899-1984), Bitter-Sweet. Mel Tillis (1932-), Heart Over Mind (#3 country). Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), The Shires Suite (1965-70) (Cheltenham) (July 8); Symphony No. 3. Spooky Tooth, The Last Puff (album #3) (July); incl. I Am the Walrus (by John Lennon and Paul McCartney); Ceremony (album #4) (Dec.); Luther Grosvenor leaves to go to Moot The Hoople under the alias Ariel Bender, and is replaced by Mick Jones, who later co-founds Foreigner. The Four Tops, Still Waters Run Deep (album) (Mar.); incl. Everybody's Talkin', Still Water (Love), Still Water (Peace), In These Changing Times. The Four Tops and the Supremes, The Magnificent Seven (album); incl. River Deep, Mountain High. T.Rex, A Beard of Stars (album #4) (Mar. 13); first with Mickey Finn (drums); first use of electric instruments; incl. By the Light of a Magical Moon, Fist Heart Mighty Dawn Dart, Pavillions of Sun, Ride a White Swan; T.Rex (album #5) (Dec. 18); first use of the abbreviated name for Tyrannosaurus Rex. Traffic, John Barleycorn Must Die (album #4) (July) (#5 in the U.S.); incl. Glad, John Barleycorn. Jethro Tull, Benefit (album #3) (Apr. 20) (#3 in the U.K.); last with John Evan and Glenn Cornick; incl. With You There to Help Me, Play in Time; Aqualung (album #4) (Mar. 19); last with Clive Bunker, first with John Evan and Jeffrey Hammond; theme is how organized religion keeps you from God; incl. Aqualung, Cross-Eyed Mary, Mother Goose, Locomotive Breath. Hot Tuna, Hot Tuna (album) (debut) (May) (#30 in the U.S.); formed by Jefferson Airplane members John William "Jack" Casady (1944-) and Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen Jr. (1940-), along with Sammy Piazza (drums) when Grace Slick is recovering from throat node surgery; incl. Hesitation Blues, How Long Blues, I Know You Rider, Come Back Baby. Ike Turner (1931-2007) and Tina Turner (1939-), Workin' Together (album). Conway Twitty (1933-93), Hello Darlin (Mar.) (#1 in the U.S.). UFO, Boogie for Georgie. Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, You've Got Your Troubles. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), With These Hands. The Velvet Underground, Loaded (album); incl. Sweet Jane, Rock and Roll; they disband while recording the album. The Ventures, 10th Anniversary Album (album) (Oct.). Bobby Vinton (1935-), No Arms Can Ever Hold You (#93 in the U.S.), My Elusive Dreams (#46 in the U.S.). The Vogues, The Vogues Sing the Good Old Songs and Other Hits (album #6) (last album); incl. The Good Old Songs. Junior Walker (1931-) and the All Stars, Gotta Hold On To This Feeling; Do You See My Love (For You Growing); Holly Holy. War (with Eric Burdon), Eric Burdon Declares War (album) (debut) (Apr.) (#18 in the U.S., #50 in the U.K.); formerly The Creators and Nightshift; multiracial funk rock grup from Long Beach, Calif., incl. Howard E. Scott, Harold Brown, Charles Miller, Morris "B.B." Dickerson, Lonnie Jordan, Lee Oskar, Papa Dee Allen, Deacon Jones, and Eric Burdon (formerly of The Animals); cover says "We the People, have declared War against the People, for the right to love each other"; incl. Spill the Wine, Tobacco Road; The Black-Man's Burdon (album #2) (double album) (Dec.); last with Eric Burdon. Dionne Warwick (1940-), Paper Mache; The Wine is Young. Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-) and Tim Rice (1944-), Jesus Christ Superstar (double album) (Sept.) (#1 in the U.S.); sells $40M by the end of the year; banned by the BBC for being sacreligious, making it more popular?; incl. Superstar I Don't Know How to Love Him, King Herod's Song, Pilate's Dream, Hosanna, Gethsemane (I Only Want to Say), Simon Zealotes/Poor Jerusalem, Jesus Must Die. Roger Whittaker (1936-), New World in the Morning (album); incl. New World in the Morning. The Guess Who, American Woman (album); incl. No Time, American Woman; first #1 U.S. hit by a Canadian band - I'm from WannapegubutnotmarryuandtakeuhometomotheruYankeebitch? The Who, Live at Leeds (May 16); their first live album; released in place of tapes recorded at Hull U., which have tech problems; best live rock album of all time? Andy Williams (1927-), Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Can't Help Falling in Love) (album) (#43 in the U.S.); The Andy Williams Show (#81 in the U.S.). Jackie Wilson (1934-84), (I Can Feel These Vibrations) This Love is For Real. Edgar Winter (1946-), Entrance (album) (debut) (Nov.); incl. Entrance, Fire and Ice. Johnny Winter (1944-), Johnny Winter And (album #4) (Sept.). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Signed, Sealed, & Delivered (album #12) (Aug. 7) (#25 in the U.S.); incl. Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours; Never Had a Dream Come True, Heaven Help Us All, We Can Work It Out. Charles Wuorinen (1938-), Time's Encomium (Pulitzer Prize) - that means eulogy? Tammy Wynette (1942-98), The Wonders You Perform; Ornella Vanoni's vers. becomes a big hit in Italy; He Loves Me All the Way; Run Woman, Run. Yes, Time and a Word (album #2) (June); lat with Peter Banks; incl. No Opportunity Necessary, No Experience Needed, The Prophet. Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Deja Vu (Déjŕ Vu) (album #2) (Mar. 11) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Our House. Teach Your Children, Woodstock (written by Joni Mitchell); Ohio (June); about the Kent State Massacre of May 4, 1970; the lyrics are quickly adopted by the anti-Nixon student movement; "Tin soldiers and Nixon coming/We're finally on our own/ This summer I hear the drumming/ Four dead in Ohio/ Gonna get down to it/ Soldiers are cutting us down/ Should have been done long ago/ What if you knew her and/ Found her dead on the ground?/ How can you run when you know?"; too bad, after Still's part-Cherokee singer babe Rita Coolidge (1945-) leaves him for Nash, the band breaks up after their summer tour. Neil Young (1945-) and Crazy Horse, After the Gold Rush (album #3) (Sept. 19); incl. Only Love Can Break Your Heart, When You Dance I Can Really Love. Frank Zappa (1940-93) and The Mothers of Invention, Burnt Weeny Sandwich (Feb. 9) (album); Frank Zappa (1940-93) and The Mothers of Invention, Weasels Ripped My Flesh (album) (Aug. 10); incl. Weasels Ripped My Flesh; Chunga's Revenge (album) (solo) (Oct. 23); named after an industrial Gypsy vacuum sweeper?; incl. Chunga's Revenge. Led Zeppelin, Led Zeppelin III (album #3) (Oct. 5); incl. The Immigrant Song. Movies: The genre-making decade in horror film? George Seaton's Airport (Mar. 5), based on the Arthur Hailey novel stars Dean Martin, Burt Lancaster et al. in a trend-setting ticket-selling disaster flick that spawns three sequels, all of which star George Kennedy as Joe Patroni, who gets a promotion each time; #2 grossing film of 1970 ($100.4M). Wolfgang Reitherman's animated The Aristocats (Dec. 21) (Walt Disney Productions) is about a family of aristocratic cats who are kidnapped by the butler to blackmail his mistress into giving him the family fortune instead of them; features the voices of Eva Gabor, Sterling Holloway, Phil Harris, Hermione Baddeley, and Catman Crothers; a Disney animated flick; #5 grossing film of 1970 ($55.6M U.S. and $191M worldwide box office on a $4M budget). Curtis Hanson's The Arousers, starring closet gay Dick, er, Tab Hunter as a Calif. psycho who kills any woman who fails to arouse him (ha ha) becomes a cult hit and puts dir. Hanson on the map. Francois Truffaut's Bed and Board (Domicile Conjugal) stars Jean-Pierre Leaud and Claude Jade as marrieds Antoine and Christine. Robert Stevenson's Bedknobs and Broomsticks (Oct. 7), a Walt Disney musical based on the Mary Norton books stars Angela Lansbury as English witch Eglantice Price in WWII, who turns her father's brass bred into a magic carpet for kids Charlie (Ian Weighill), Carrie (Cindy O'Callaghan) and Paul Rawlins (Roy Snart), and travels with them and Prof. Emelius Browne (David Tomlinson) to the Lost Isle of Naboombu in search of the substitutiary locomotion spell "Traguna, Macoites, Tracorum Satis De" on the Star of Astoroth medallion worn by the lion king; starts the noggin of J.K. Rowling working? Ted Post's Beneath the Planet of the Apes (May 26), a sequel to "The Planet of the Apes" (1968) stars James Franciscus as human astronaut Brent, who discovers the ape planet and hooks up with cave babe Nova (Linda Harrison) then discovers the last city of mutant humans. Russ Meyer's Beyond the Valley of the Dolls (June 17), a vulgar remake of the 1967 Tinseltown "Valley of the Dolls", shot for $1M, written by Roger Ebert and starring Playboy Playmates Dolly Read and Cynthia Myers and actress Marcia McBroom as the femme trio Carrie Nations rakes in $7.5M in 6 mo., saving 20th Century Fox after a spate of costly flops, despite being panned by critics for its outrageous Robert Ebert dialogue, faux rock by Stu Phillips of Monkees TV show fame, a party scene with the pop band Strawberry Alarm Clock (Paul Marshall et al.), lezzie love scenes, quadruple Tate-like murder and triple wedding; Jacqueline Susann sues Fox to distance herself from the production; it later becomes a cult classic AKA BVD. William Friedkin's The Boys in the Band (Mar. 17), based on the play by Mart Crowley about a hetero accidentally invited to a gay party stars Kenneth Nelson as Michael, Peter White as Alan McCarthy, and Robert La Tourneaux as Cowboy Tex. Mike Nichols' Catch-22 (June 24) (Filmways) (MGM), an adaptation by Buck Henry of the 1961 Joseph Heller anti-war satire novel about USAF fliers in the Mediterranean in 1944 stars Alan Arkin as Yossarian, and Bob Newhart as squadron cmdr. Maj. Major, who never flew in a plane; also features Martin Balsam as Col. Cathcart ("Atheism is against the law, isn't it?"), Jon Voight as Lt. Milo Minderbinder ("Cotton made me sick"), Richard Benjamin as Maj. Danby ("Take him out and shoot him"), Buck Henry, Paula Prentiss, Martin Sheen, Charles Grodin, Anthony Perkins as Anabaptist chaplain Capt. Fr. A.T. Tappman, Orson Welles as Gen. Dreedle ("Get back in the car you smirking slut"), and Jack Gilford; the film debut of singer Art Garfunkel as Lt. Nately; does $24.9M box office on an $18M budget. Andrew V. McLaglen's Chisum (July 29), based on a short story by Andrew J. Fenady stars John Wayne and an ensemble cast in the Lincoln County War of 1878. Peter Handke's Chronicle of Current Events is a TV film featuring the debut of Rudiger Vogler (1942-). Erick Rohmer's Claire's Knee is a French talking heads movie about a man's fixation for a young girl's you know what. Federico Fellini's The Clowns (Dec. 26) allows him to dote in childhood. Daniel Haller's The Dunwich Horror (Jan. 14) (Am. Internat. Pictures) debuts, based on the 1929 H.P. Lovecraft story, starring Ed Begley as Dr. Henry Armitage, and Dean Stockwell (after Peter Fonda turns it down) as Wilbur Whatley of Dunwich, Mass., who has a monstrous twin that attacks student Nancy Wagner (Sandra Dee); does $1.043M box office; "A fewyears ago in Dunwich, a half-witted girl bore illegitimate twins. One of them was almost human!" Aram Avakian's End of the Road (Feb. 10), based on the 1967 John Barth novel stars Stacy Keach as Jacob Horner, who is put in the Remobilization Farm, an insane asylum run by Doctor D (James Earl Jones), who cures him and releases him on the condition of no personal relationships, which doesn't stop him from having an affair with Rennie (Dorothy Tristan), a colleague's wife. Bob Rafelson's Five Easy Pieces (Sept. 12) stars Jack Nicholson as a failed pianist working on oil rigs, who steers a dense waitress into giving him toast by ordering a chicken salad sandwich on toast without the chicken salad; the easy pieces are piano music not sandwiches or waitresses; Ralph Waite plays Jack's brother Carl; also stars Karen Black, Susan Anspach, and Billy Green Bush (1935-), father of the Greenbush twins Lindsay and Sidney (b. 1970), who star as Carrie in "Little House on the Prairie" under the alias Lindsay Sidney Greenbush. Bernardo Bertolucci's The Garden of the Finzi-Continis, based on the 1962 Giorgio Bassani novel about the Italian Jewish community in 1938-43 stars Dominique Sanda. Albert and David Yasles and Charlotte Zwerin's Gimme Shelter (Dec. 6) is a documentary of the 1969 Rolling Stones Altamont concert. Tom Gries' The Hawaiians (Master of the Islands) (June 17) (United Artists), based on the 1979 novel "Hawaii" by James A. Michener stars Charlton Heston as pineapple farmer Whipple "Whip" Hoxworth, Geraldine Caplain as his wife Purity, Tina Chen as Nyuk Tsin, and Mako as her hubby Mun Ki. Marcel Ophuls' The Harvest of My Lai is a documentary. The Austrian Love Story, starring himself in love with himself? Arthur Allan Siedelman's Hercules in New York (Feb. 25) stars Arnold Stang, James Karen, Deborah Loomis, Ernest Graves and Tony Carroll, and is the Hollywood film debut of Am. actor Richard Herd Jr. (1932-) along with Austrian import Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-), "the Austrian Oak", AKA Ahnuld and Arnold Strong, complete with a thick accent, 62" chest and 23" biceps (kinda chickeny legs though?), who wins the first of seven Mr. Olympia bodybuilding titles this year (1970-5, 1980), and wows U.S. audiences with his pectoral acting ability and dubbed-over voice in the film, becoming the male Marilyn Monroe, known for hypertrophied secondary sexual characteristics (muscles), big gap-toothed grin, and an appearance of straw for brains, but in fact known for cagey professionalism and business sense, going on to take business courses in college and make wise real estate investments; he secretly takes steroids before they have the ability to test for them? Leonard Kastle's The Honeymoon Killers (Feb. 4) (Roxanne Co.) stars Rony Lo Bianco and Shirley Stoler as 1940s Lonely Hearts Killers Raymond Fernandez and Martha Beck; Marin Scorsese is the initial dir. until getting fired; achieves cult status, and becomes Francois Truffaut's "favorite American film"; does $11M box office on a $200K budget. Gilbert Cates' I Never Sang for My Father (Oct. 18), based on the Robert Anderson play stars Gene Hackman as prof. Gene Garrison, who plans to marry and move to Calif., but is held back by his parents. Elio Petri's Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion stars Gian Maria Volonte as a police inspector who kills his mistress and deliberately leaves clues to himself to prove that he's O.J., er, can get away with because of who he is. John G. Avildsen's Joe (July 15) stars Peter Boyle, Dennis Patrick, and Susan Sarandon (who went to the audition with her actor-husband Chris Sarandon) in her debut as an exec and blue collar worker looking for the exec's runaway junkie daughter in the counterculture. Stuart Burge's Julius Caesar (June 4) stars starring Charlton Heston as Mark Antony, Richard Chamberlain as Octavius, Jason Robards as Brutus, John Gielgud as Caesar, Robert Vaughn as Casca, and Diana Rigg as Portia; after Robards' performance is panned, it flops at the box office; "No grander Caesar... No greater cast". Brian G. Hutton's Kelly's Heroes (June 23) is an oddball bank heist flick set in WWII, starring Clint Eastwood as Pvt. Kelly, Telly Savalas as MSgt. Big Joe, Don Rickles as SSgt. Crapgame, Donald Sutherland as Sgt. Oddball, and Carroll O'Connor as Maj. Gen. Colt; filmed in Yugoslavia because they still use WWII-era tanks; the Kelly's Heroes Theme by the Mike Curb Congregation, composed by Lalo Schifrin hits #34 in the U.S.; All for the Love of Sunshine by Hank Williams Jr. becomes his first #1 country hit. Hal Ashby's The Landlord (May 20), based on the Kristin Hunter novel stars Beau Bridges as Elgar Winthrop Julius Enders, who runs away from home at age 29 and buys a black-occupied slum bldg. in Brooklyn and decides to kick them out and make it into a posh flat for whites, until he grows too fond of them; also stars Pearl Bailey as Marge. John Boorman's Leo the Last (May 11), based on "The Prince" by George Tabori stars Marcello Mostroianni as Prince Leo, and Billie Whitelaw as Margaret. Arthur Penn's Little Big Man (Dec. 23) (Nat. Gen. Pictures), based on the 1964 Thomas Berger novel stars Dustin Hoffman as 121-y.-o. Jack Crabb, who reminisces about his life starting at age 17, ending with his days with vainglorious golden haired Gen. George Armstrong Custer (Richard Mulligan); Chief Dan George plays Old Lodge Skins, and Faye Dunaway plays Mrs. Louise Pendrake AKA Lulu Kane; takes the Native Am. side against the U.S. Cavalry, indirectly protesting the Vietnam War; Hoffman sets a record for portraying a 104-year age span (until ?); does $31.6M box office on a $15M budget; "Little Big Man was either the most negelected hero in history or a liar of insane proportion!" Arthur Hiller's Love Story (Dec. 16) (Paramount), written by Erich Wolf Segal (1937-2010) stars Romeo, er, Charles Patrick Ryan O'Neal (1941-) as rich Harvard student Oliver Barrett IV, and Alice "Ali" McGraw (1938-) as poor Juliet, er, Jenny Cavilleri, jerking big tears with her pathetic death, woo-woo-woo; the novel is later written from the script; the film debut of San Saba, Tex.-born real Harvard U. student (roommate of Al Gore) Tommy Lee Jones (1946-) as Hank Simpson; features the song Where Do I Begin? (Love Story); #1 grossing film of 1970 ($106.3M); the word cancer is never mentioned in the film; using bubblebrain McGraw to portray a brainy Radcliffe babe is outrageous miscasting, but perfect for the crowds who only want to see her bod? - brilliant? Jacques Demy's The Magic Donkey (The Donkey Skin) (Peau d'Ane) is a musical adapted from the Charles Perrault fairy tale, starring Catherine Deneuve and Jean Marais, with music by Michel Legrand. Leonard Horn's The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart (MGM) is the film debut of Hopewell, Mo.-born Donny Wayne "Don" Johnson (1949-); too bad, it's a flop, causing Johnson to utter the soundbyte: "It damn near sent me back to Missouri." Robert Altman's M*A*S*H (Apr. 6), adapted from the 1968 novel by Richard Hooker (AKA Dr. H. Richard Hornberger and William Heinz), about the 4077th Military Air Surgical Hospital Unit in the Korean Conflict is a hilarious anti-war blast filled with zany anti-heroes who are smarter than the govt. who got them into this mess; stars Donald Sutherland as Capt. Benjamin Franklin "Hawkeye" Pierce, Elliott Gould as Capt. John Francis Xavier "Trapper John" McIntyre, Robert Duvall as Maj. Frank Burns, and Sally Kellerman as Maj. Margaret "Hot Lips" O'Houlihan; #3 grossing film of 1970 ($81.6M). Lamont Johnson's The McKenzie Break (Oct. 28) (United Artists) stars Brian Keith as British Army Capt. Jack Connor, who arrives at McKenzie POW Camp in Scotland to investigate U-Boat Capt. Willi Schluter (Helmut Griem), who is taking on commandant Major. Perry (Ian Hendry), learning too late that they're planning an escape in a truck, with a U-boat waiting. Alan Cooke's The Mind of Mr. Soames, based on the 1961 novel by Charles Eric Maine stars Terence Stamp as Joan Soames, who suffers from a brain injury that keeps him in a deep sleep, and is operated on by doctors Maitland (Nigel Davenport) and Bergen (Robert Vaughn) in a hospital turned into a reality TV show; "Can this baby kill?"; "...displays an emptiness and a falseness of response that is beneath even the inadequacy of its ideas and the banality of its plot" (NYT). Michael Sarne's Myra Breckinridge (June 24) is a woof version of the 1968 Gore Vidal novel, starring Raquel Welch as Myra (who started out as Myron before the sex change operation by a stoned surgeon), John Huston as Uncle Buck Loner, and Mae West as nympho Leticia Van Allen, who runs a talent agency for "leading men" only; "As funny as a child molester" (Time mag.); so bad it's withdrawn by the studio; the unmemorable film debut of Thomas William "Tom" Selleck (1945-) and Farrah (Ferrah Leni) Fawcett (1947-2009). Arthur Hiller's The Out-of-Towners (May 28) stars Jack Lemmon and Sandy Dennis as George, and Gwen Kellerman, who take a trip to New York City and end up getting attacked by softball players in Central Park. Ingmar Bergman's The Passion of Anna (May 28) stars Liv Ullmann, Bibi Andersson, and Max von Sydow in a psychodrama on isolated Faro Island. Franklin J. Schaffner's Patton (Feb. 4) (20th Cent. Fox) stars vain, grumpy George C. Scott (after Rod Steiger turns it down) as grumpy, vain bitch-slapping Old Blood and Guts, an 18th-cent. general living in the wrong era, giving war and patriotism a good name by blaming it all on him?; Karl Malden plays sane reserved Gen. Omar N. Bradley; "Ten hut! Be seated" (opening); #4 grossing film of 1970 ($61.8 U.S. box office on a $12.6M budget). Donald Cammell's and Nicolas Roeg's Performance (Aug. 3) (Goodtimes Enterprises) (Warner Bros.) stars James Fox as Chas, a member of an East London gang led by Harry Flowers (Johnny Shannon), who hides out in the London house of Turner (Mick Jagger in his film debut), a reclusive former rock star who lives in a bisexual menage a trois with Pherbert (Anita Pallenberg) and Lucy (Michele Breton), ending up shooting him; "Vice. And Versa"; its dark sex, drug use, and violence gets its debut delayed two years; Cammell ends up committing suicide by shotgun. Robert Downey Sr.'s Pound, (United Artists), based on his 1961 play "The Comeuppance" about animals waiting to be put to sleep is the film debut of Downey's 5-y.-o. son Robert John Downey Jr. (1965-) as Puppy. Roberto Rossellini's La Prise de la Pouvoir par Louis XIV (The Rise of Louis XIV) (Dec. 20) is a TV movie starring Jean-Marie Patte that captures the John Mark Karr experience centuries ahead of time? Billy Wilder's The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (Oct. 29), based on the Arthur Conan Doyle works stars Robert Stephens as Holmes and Colin Blakely as Watson, who end up meeting the Loch Ness monster. Waris Hussein's Quackser Fortune Has a Cousin in the Bronx (July 13) stars Gene Wilder as good-for-nothing horse dung-selling Quackser Fortune, whose Dublin working class family can't talk him into getting a real job, and who meets Am. exchange student Zazel (Margot Kidder) and wants to go back with her. Jack Smight's Rabbit, Run (Oct.), based on the 1960 John Updike novel stars James Caan as Rabbit Angstrom, who 3 mo. ago ran out to buy his wife Janet (Carrie Snodgress) cigarettes, and hasn't decided to come home yet. Lionel Jeffries' The Railway Children (Dec. 21) (EMI Elstree) (MGM-EMI) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1906 children's novel by Edith Nesbit stars Dinah Sheridan as Mrs. Waterbury, mother of the Waterbury children incl. Roberta "Bobbie" (Jenny Agutter), Phyllis (Sally Thomsett), and Peter (Gary Warren), who are forced to move from their luxurious Edwardian villa in London to the cruddy Three Chimneys house in Yorkshire near the Great Northern and Southern Railway after the father (Ian Cuthbertson) is wrongly imprisoned for selling secrets to the Russians, going on to rescue Russian dissident Mr. Szczepansky (Gordon Whiting) and others while trying to prove daddy's innocence. Rene Clement's Rider on the Rain (La Passager de la Pluie) (Jan. 21) stars Charles Bronson as U.S. Army Col. Harry Dobbs, who tracks down an escaped sex maniac in France; also stars Marlene Jobert as Melancolie "Mellie" Mau, and Jill Ireland as Nicole. David Lean's Ryan's Daughter (Nov. 9) (MGM), loosely based on Gustave Flaubert's 1856 novel "Madame Bovary", set in 1916 stars Sarah Miles as Rosy Ryan Shaughnessy, who is in love with schoolmaster Charles Shaughnessy (Robert Mitchum, after first pick Paul Scofield has other commitments, and Gregory Peck lobbies for it in vain), then secretly hooks up with newly-arrived PTSD-suffering English officer Maj. Randolph Doryan (Christopher Jones, after first pick Marlon Brando has other commitments), who works with her secret traitor pub owner father Tom (Leo McKern) in Kirrary, County Kerry, Ireland, who tips him off about some gun-running by the IRA, allowing him to ambush them, getting her labeled as a traitor when the affair is discovered, after which she takes the rap to protect her daddy; Trevor Howard (after Alec Guinness) plays Father Hugh Collins; John Mills plays village idiot Michael; does $30.8M box office on a $13.3M budget; too bad, scathing criticism by film critics Pauline Kael, Roger Ebert, and Richard Schickel causes Lean to quit making films for the next 14 years, although it is later considered a classic. Arthur Rankin Jr.'s and Jules Bass' animated Christmas TV special Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town (Dec. 14), made using Japanese Animagic stop motion animation stars Fred Astaire as narrator S.D. Kluger, Mickey Rooney as Kris Kringle/Santa Claus, Keenan Wynn as the Winter Warlock, and Paul Frees as Burgermeisterr Meisterburger of Sombertown, featuring Santa's birth and infancy; it goes on to be aired every year on ABC-TV followed by ABC Family Channel (until ?). Ralph Nelson's Soldier Blue (Aug. 12), written by John Gay based on the 1969 Theodore V. Olsen novel "Arrow in the Sun"tells the story of the 1864 Colo. Sand Creek Massacre from a revisionist POV, and stars Candice Bergen, Peter Strauss, and Donald Pleasance; the title song Soldier Blue is by Buffy Sainte-Marie. Bud Yorkin's Start the Revolution Without Me (Aug. 14), starring Gene Wilder and Donald Sutherland as identical twins who are separated at birth and meet just before the French Rev. is a box office flop but later becomes a cult classic. Stuart Hagmann's The Strawberry Statement (June 15), based on the book by Columbia U. student James Simon Kunen stars Bruce Davison as Simon, and Kim Darby as Linda in a movie about the 1968 Columbia U. protests, with Amerindian beauty-brain babe Marie Sainte-Marie singing "The Circle Game". Otto Preminger's Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon (May 11), based on the 1968 Marjorie Kellogg novel stars Liza Minelli as disfigured Junie Moon, who leaves the hospital and sets up housekeeping with disabled Arthur (Ken Howard) and Warren (Robert Moore). Joseph L. Mankiewicz's There Was a Crooked Man... (Dec. 25) stars Kirk Douglas as criminal Paris Pitman Jr., who does a 10-year stretch in Ariz. while squirreling away $500K in loot then trying to escape; Henry Fonda plays Woodward L. Lopeman, Warren Oates plays Floyd Moon, Hume Cronyn plays Dudley Whinner, and Burgess Meredith plays the Missouri Kid; "Once upon a time there was a crooked man. When he was good, he was very, very good. And when he was bad, it was murder." Laurence Olivier's Three Sisters (Nov. 2), based on the 1900 Anton Chekhov play about the Prozoroff sisters stars Jeanne Watts as Olga, Joan Plowright as Masha, and Louise Purnell as Irina. Richard O. Fleischer's Tora! Tora! Tora! (Sept. 23) (20th Cent. Fox) stars Martin Balsam as Adm. Husband E. Kimmel, Joseph Cotten as U.S. secy. of war Henry L. Stimson, E.G. Marshall as Col. Rufus S. Bratton, James Whitmore as Vice-Adm. William F. Halsey, and Japanese actors Takahiro Tamura as Cmdr. Mitsuo Fuchida and Eijiro Tono as Vice-Adm. Chuichi Nagumo in a retelling of the Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor attack; Japanese dirs. Toshio Masuda and Kinji Fukasaku are given a crack at the film to make it balanced?; does $29.5M box office on a $25.5M budget. Luis Bunuel's Tristana (Apr. 29) stars Catherine Deneuve as a girl who moves in with a benefactor after her mother dies, is seduced, then runs away with an artist, depicting fascist Spain's attempt to find its place in the 20th cent. Joseph Strick's Tropic of Cancer (Feb. 27), based on the Henry Miller novel stars Rip Torn as Henry Miller, James T. Callahan as Fillmore, and Ellen Burstyn as Mona Miller, pursuing art, food and sex in gay Paris. Don Siegel's Two Mules for Sister Sara (June 16) (The Malpaso Co.) (Universal Pictures) stars Clint Eastwood as ex-Civil War soldier Hogan, and Shirley MacLaine (who replaced Elizabeth Taylor) as a nun, who get in an adventure over a French fort in Mexioo and then hook up; does $4.7M box office on a $2.5M budget. Barbara Loden's Wanda; written by Loden (wife of Elia Kazan), who stars as a woman who abandons her family and flees to petty criminal Michael Higgins. Michael Wadleigh's Woodstock (Mar. 26) packages the dying Hippie movement with a nice safe video for the survivors, who are busy selling out to the system; split-screen montage edited by Martin Scorsese advances the art. Michelangelo Antonioni's Zabriskie Point (Feb. 9) is Antonioni's first U.S. feature film, examining the swinging 69, er, 60s-70s American way of life via an orgy in Death Valley, Calif.; Mark Frechette stars as Mark, and Daria Halprin as Daria. Plays: Richard Seff (1927-), Paris Is Out! (comedy) (Brooks Atkinson Theatre, New York) (Feb. 2) (96 perf.); stars Molly Picon and Sam Levene; produced by David Black and New York City-born Donald John Trump (1946-); after it flops, recent Wharton School of the U. of Penn. grad Trump decides to go into real estate. Jean Anouilh (1910-87), Les Poissons Rouges ou Mon Pere, ce Heros (The Goldfish). Alan Ayckbourn (1939-), How the Other Half Loves (Lyric Theatre, London) (Aug. 5); stars Robert Morley, Joan Tetzel, and Elizabeth Ashton. Daniel Berrigan (1921-), The Trial of the Cantonsville Nine (Los Angeles); the 1968 burning of Selective Service files by the Berrigan brothers. Jerry Bock (1928-), and Sheldon Harnick (1924-), and Sherman Yellen (1932-), The Rothschilds (musical) (Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, New York) (Oct. 19) (505 perf.); based on the book by Frederic Morton, set in the 1770s; last work by Bock and Harnick; stars Hal Linden as Mayer Rothschild, Leila Martin as Gutele, Jill Clayburgh as Hannah Cohen, Chris Sarandon as Jacob Rothschild, and Robby Benson as young Solomon Rothschild. Robert Bolt (1924-95), Vivat! Vivat Regina! (Chichester); Elizabeth I gives up love for power, while Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots does the reverse? Howard Brenton (1942-), Wesley. Lee Breuer (1937-), The Red Horse Animation; first in the Animation Trilogy, incl. "The B. Beaver Animation" (1974), "The Shaggy Dog Animation" (1978). Ed Bullins (1935-), The Duplex: A Black Love Fable in Four Movements; a tenant hooks up with his abused landlady and fights her hubby. Alice Childress (1920-94), Mojo: A Black Love Story. Thomas Covington Dent (1932-98), Negro Study No. 34A (debut); Snapshot. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Jockey Club Stakes; Uncle Dick's Surprise. Dario Fo (1926-), The Accidental Death of an Anarchist (Morte Accidentale di Un Anarchico) (Vio Coletta, Milan) (Dec. 10); written after a terrorist attack on the Nat. Agriculture Bank in Milan. Nancy Ford (1935-) and Gretchen Cryer (1935-), The Last Sweet Days of Isaac (rock musical) (Eastside Playhouse, New York) (Jan. 26) (465 perf.); stars Austin Pendleton as Isaac Bernstein gets stuck in an elevator with Ingrid (Fredericka Weber) (later Alice Playton), and attempts to teach him his life philsophy; later they are locked in separate prison cells and use TV cameras and monitors to make love, until Alice learns of Isaac's death in a demonstration, questioning reality; features Overture, A Transparent Crystal Moment, Love You Came to Me, My Most Important Moments Go By, I Can't Live in Solitary, Touching Your Hand Is Like Touching Your Mind, Finale Part I: The Elevator, Somebody Died Today, Finale Part II: I Want to Walk to San Francisco. Gary Geld (1935-), Peter Udell (1929-), Ossie Davis (1917-2005), and Philip Rose (1921-2011), Purlie (musical) (Broadway Theatre, New York) (Mar. 15) (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (ANTA Theatre, New York) (688 perf.); based on Davis' 1961 play "Purlie Victorious" and the 1963 film "Gone Are the Days!", about Jim Crow era Southern traveling preacher Purlie Victorious Judson (Cleavon Little) (later Robert Guillaume), who returns to a small Ga. town to save the Big Bethel Church and help free cotton pickers from the Ol' Cap'n Cotchipee Plantation; features the song I Got Love. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Tragedy and Comedy: Four Cubist Plays. Simon Gray (1936-2008), The Idiot (Old Vic, London); adapted from the novel by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Peter Handke (1942-), Wind and Sea: Four Radio Plays. Michael Frayn (1933-), The Two of Us (four 1-act plays). Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-), Steambath; God is portrayed by a Puerto Rican steamroom attendant. Gary William Friedman and Will Holt (1929-), The Me Nobody Knows (rock musical) (Orpheum Theatre, New York) (May 18) (208 perf.) (Helen Hayes Theatre, New York) (Dec. 18) (Longacre Theatre, New York) (Nov. 14, 1971) (378 perf.); first Broadway hit to voice the sentiments of inner-city Am. youth, with a cast of eight blacks and four whites; stars Irene Cara (1959-) as Lillie Mae, Beverly Bremers (1950-) as Catherine, Hattie Winston (1945-) as Nell, and Northern J. Calloway (1948-70) (David in "Sesame Street"); features the songs If I Had a Million Dollars, Light Sings, Robert, Alvin, Wendell and Jo Jo - Rhoda, Lillian, Lillie Mae and William. Christopher Fry (1907-2005), A Yard of Sun (Nottingham Playhouse); #4 (summer) in his four seasonal plays (begun 1948). Romain Gary (1914-80), Chien Blanc. Charles Gordone (1925-95), Gordone is a Mutha. Paul Eliot Green (1894-1981), Trumpet in the Land; Ohio's first outdoor production. Christopher Hampton (1946-), The Philanthropist (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Aug. 3) (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York (Mar. 15, 1971; stars Alec McCowen. Lorraine Hansberry (1930-65), Les Blancs; another collection of her unfinished dramatic works by ex-hubby Robert Nemiroff. David Hare (1947-), Slag (debut); three teachers at a girls school decide to abstain from sex as a protest. Rolf Hochhuth (1931-), Guerrillas. Tina Howe (1937-), The Nest (first play). Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), The Killing Game (Jeux de Massacre). Ann Jellicoe (1927-), The Giveaway: A Comedy. Clare Boothe Luce (1903-87), Slam the Door Softly (last play); "When a man can't explain a woman's actions, the first thing he thinks about is the condition of her uterus". Robert Marasco (1936-98), Child's Play (Royale Theatre, New York) (Feb. 12) (342 perf.) (first play); original title "The Dark"; produced by David Merrick; dir. by Joseph Hardy; big hit about demonic doings at the St. Charles Roman Catholic boys boarding school, inspired by a newspaper story about a teacher who gave kids some homework and jumped out of the window; stars Pat Hingle as Joseph Dobbs, Fritz Weaver as Jerome Malley, Ken Howard as Paul Reese, and Michael McGuire as Father Frank Mozian; filmed in 1972 by Sidney Lumet. David Mercer (1928-80), After Haggerty (Aldwych Theatre, London); stars Frank Finlay, John White, Billie Dixon, and David Wood; Flint. Ronald Millar (1919-98), Abelard and Heloise. Jason Miller (1939-2001), Nobody Hears a Broken Drum. John Mortimer (1923-2009), A Voyage Round My Father. Alwin Nikolais (1910-93), Structures. Zoe B. Oldenbourg (1916-2002), La Joie des Pauvres (The Heirs of the Kingdom). John Osborne (1929-94), West of Suez. Rochelle Owens (1936-), Kontraption. Terence Rattigan (1911-77), A Bequest to the Nation (Theatre Royal, Haymarket) (Sept. 23); British adm. Horatio Nelson (Ian Holm), his mistress Emma Hamilton, and his wife Frances Nisbet before and after the Oct. 21, 1805 Battle of Trafalgar; filmed in 1973 starring Peter Finch, Glenda jackson, and Margaret Leighton. Richard Rodgers (1902-79), Martin Charnin (1934-), and Peter Stone (1930-2003), Two by Two (musical) (Imperial Theatre, New York) (Nov. 10) (352 perf.); based on the 1954 Clifford Odets play "The Flower Peach"; the story of Noah and his preprations for the Great Flood; dir. by Joe Layton; stars Danny Kaye, Marilyn Cooper, Joan Copeland, Harry Goz, Madeline Kahn, Tricia O'Neil, and Walter Willison; Kaye keeps it alive by hamming it up differently in each performance. Willy Russell (1947-), Keep Your Eyes Down On the Road (first play). Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Un Piano dans l'Herbe (A Piano in the Grass). Sonia Sanchez (1934-), The Bronx is Next (debut). Anthony Shaffer (1926-2001), Sleuth (Music Box Theatre, New York) (Nov. 12) (1,222 perf.); stars Anthony Quayle as mystery writer Andrew Wyke of Wiltshire (based on game-lover Stephen Sondheim), and Keith Baxter as his wife's lover Milo Tindle, whom he talks into staging a robbery of her jewelry in order to trap him, ending up in a cat-and-mouse game; filmed in 1972 starring Laurence Olivier and Michael Caine, in 2007 starring Jude Law and Michael Caine, and in 2014. Peter Shaffer (1926-), The Battle of Shrivings. Sam Shepard (1943-), Operation Sidewinder; an experimental computer in the form of a rattlesnake; his first major production. Neil Simon (1927-2018), The Gingerbread Lady (Plyouth Theatre, New York) (Dec. 13) (193 perf.); written for and starring Maureen Stapleton. Stephen Sondheim (1930-) and George Furth (1932-2008), Company (musical) (original title "Threes") (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Apr. 26) (705 perf.); dir. by Harold Prince; stars Dean Jones as single male Bobby, who has three girlfriends, Donna McKechnie, Susan Browning, Pamela Myers, and celebrates his birthday as five married couples who are his best friends tell about their gripes, giving the audience a lesson in adult relationships; "Broadway Theatre has been for many years supported by upper-middle-class people with upper-middle-class problems. These people really want to escape that world when they go to the theatre, and then here we are with Company talking about how we're going to bring it right back in their faces" (Sondheim); features the songs Company, Company, Sorry-Grateful, The Little Things You Do Together, You Could Drive a Person Crazy. Tom Stoppard (1937-), After Magritte; so many bad puns it's good?; "I never took a semaphore as a sophomore, morse the pity." David Storey (1933-), Home (Royal Court Theatre, London) (June 17); stars John Gielgud and Ralph Richardson. Charles Strouse (1928-), Lee Adams (1924-), Betty Comden (1917-2006), and Adolph Green (1914-2002), Applause (musical) (Palace Theatre, New York) (Mar. 30) (896 perf.); based on the 1950 film "All About Eve", and the Mary Orr story "The Wisdom of Eve"; choreographed by Ron Field; stars Lauren Bacall (later Anne Baxter, and Arlene Dahl, after Rita Hayworth proves to have Alzheimer's) as Margo Channing, and Penny Fuller as Eve Harrington. Megan Terry (1932-), Approaching Simone; French Jewish female philosopher Simone Weil (1909-43), who died from a hunger strike in England while protesting treatment of soldiers in WWII. Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), The Sleep of Reason (El Sueno a la Razon) (Teatro Arena Vitoria, Madrid) (Feb. 6); oppression under Ferdinand VII in 1823 Spain. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Happy Birthday, Wanda June; big game hunter Harold Ryan, his wife Penelope, and young Wanda, who speaks to the audience from Heaven while playing shuffleboard. Derek Walcott (1930-), In a Fine Castle. Peter Weiss (1916-82), Trotzky im Exil (Trotsky in Exile). Arnold Wesker (1932-), The Friends. Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Small Craft Warnings; a self-loathing gay artist disses the "deadening coarseness" of most gays at an oceanside Calif. bar. Lanford Wilson (1937-), Lemon Sky; Serenading Louie. Sandy Wilson (1924-), His Monkey Wife (musical). Poetry: Walter Abish (1931-), Duel Site (debut). Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Uplands. Maya Angelou (1928-), Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'Fore I Diiie. John Ashbery (1927-2017), The Double Dream of Spring. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Procedures for Underground; The Journals of Susanna Moodie. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), It's Nation Time. John Berryman (1914-72), Love and Fame. Paul Blackburn (1926-71), The Assassination of President McKinley; Three Dreams and an Old Poem; Gin: Four Journal Pieces. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), Rommel Drives on Deep into Egypt; cover shows model Beverley Allen sitting in a sandbox in Golden Gate Park; "Rommel is dead./ His army has joined the quicksand legions of history where the battle is always/ a metal echo saluting a rusty shadow./ His tanks are gone./ How's your ass?"; "An amalgam of Zen Buddhism, William Carlos Williams, and the stoned comic strips of R. Crumb." (Carey A. Horowitz) Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000), Family Pictures; incl. The Life of Lincoln West. Jim Carroll (1949-2009), 4 Ups and 1 Down. Paul Celan (1920-70), Lichtzwang (Light-Compulsion). Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Poems (Oct.). Andrei Codrescu (1946-), License to Carry a Gun (debut). Gregory Corso (1930-2001), Elegiac Feelings. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), In London. Cecil Day-Lewis (1904-72), The Whispering Roots and Other Poems. James Dickey (1923-97), Eye-Beaters, Blood, Victory, Madness, Buckhead and Mercy. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Marilyn Hacker (1942-), and Charles Platt, Highway Sandwiches (debut). Edward Dorn (1929-99), Songs Set Two: A Short Count. Mona Van Duyn (1921-2004), To See, To Take; incl. The Voyeur, The Creation. William Eastlake (1917-97), A Child's Garden of Verses for the Revolution. Gunter Eich (1907-72), Ein Tibeter in Meinem Buro (Büro), 49 Maulwurfe (Maulwürfe). Mari Evans (1923-), I Am a Black Woman. George Fetherling (1949-), My Experience in the War. Nikki Giovanni (1943-), Re: Creation; incl. Ego Tripping; "I was born in the Congo./ I walked to the Fertile Crescent and built the sphinx./ I designed a pyramid so tough that a star/ that only glows every one hundred years falls/ into the center giving divine perfect light./ I am bad." Paul Goodman (1911-72), Homespun of Oatmeal Gray: Poems. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Poems 1968-1970. Ramon Guthrie (1896-1973), Maximum Security Ward and Other Poems. Michael S. Harper (1938-), Dear John, Dear Coltrane (debut). Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Outlyer and Ghazals. Robert Hayden (1913-80), Words in the Mourning Times. Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), A Boy Driving His Father to Confession. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Earthworks: Poems 1960-1970. John Hollander (1929-), Images of Voice. Richard Howard (1929-), Untitled Subjects (Pulitzer Prize). Ted Hughes (1930-98), Crow: From the Life and Songs of the Crow; "Crow realized God loved him --/ Otherwise, he would have dropped dead./ So that was proved." David Ignatow (1914-97), Poems: 1934-1969. Elizabeth Jennings (1926-2001), Lucidities. Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), Sixteen Poems. Patrick Kavanagh (1904-67), The Great Hunger (posth.); "Clay is the word and clay is the flesh/ Where the potato-gatherers like mechanised scarecrows move." Carolyn Kizer (1925-), Midnight Was My Cry: New and Selected Poems. Etheridge Knight (1931-91), Black Voices from Prison. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), The Nightmare Factory. Irving Layton (1912-2006), Poems to Color. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Relearning the Alphabet. Audre Lorde (1934-92), Cables to Rage. William Matthews (1942-97), Running the New Road (debut). Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Caught in the Quiet (Jan.). William Meredith Jr. (1919-2007), Earth Walk: New and Selected Poems. W.S. Merwin (1927-), The Carrier of Ladders (Pulitzer Prize); he goes on to pub. "On Being Awarded the Pulitzer Prize" in the June 3 issue of the New Yorker Review of Books, dissing the Vietnam War and donating his prize money, causing mentor W.H. Auden to respond with a letter "Saying No" on July 1 stating that the Pulitzer Prize for poetry isn't political. Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), Aflame and Afun of Walking Faces. Stanley Plumly (1939-), In the Outer Dark (debut). Ezra Pound (1885-1972), The Cantos; an 800-page unfinished poem he worked on for 50 years, claiming to trace the fall of civilization to the conflict between artistic spirit and materialistic greed, building up his heroes John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; becomes the #1 work of modernist poetry. Luis Omar Salinas (1937-2008), Crazy Gypsy (debut); incl. Nights and Days, Aztec Angel. Sonia Sanchez (1934-), We a BaddDDD People. Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Isma, ou Ce Qui s'Appelle Rien. Dave Smith (1942-), Bull Island (debut). Gary Snyder (1930-), Regarding Wave. Mark Strand (1934-), Darker: Poems; incl. The New Poetry Handbook; "If a man understands a poem,/ he shall have troubles./ If a man lives with a poem,/ he shall die lonely./ If a man lives with two poems,/ he shall be unfaithful to one." May Swenson (1913-89), Iconographs. James Tate (1943-), The Oblivion Ha-Ha. Margaret Walker (1915-98), Prophets for a New Day. William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), Imaginations (posth.). Charles Wright (1935-), The Grave of the Right Hand (debut) (Apr. 1). Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), Little: For Careenagers; Initial. Novels: Catherine Aird (1930-), A Late Phoenix; Detective Inspector Sloan #4. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), The Hand-Reared Boy, about male masturbation; #1 in the Horace Stubbs Saga (1971, 1978); The Moment of Eclipse (short stories). Louis Auchincloss (1917-), Second Chance: Tales of Two Generations (short stories). Richard Bach (1936-), Jonathan Livingston Seagull; 10K-word story about a fast-flying seagull who flies for love of flying rather than just to catch food; bestseller for 1972-3, selling 1M copies in 1972, then passing "Gone With the Wind" with 3M copies sold; rejected by 18 pubs. before Macmillan takes a chance. Toni Cade Bambara (1939-95) (ed.), The Black Woman; first anthology of works of black woman writers, incl. Alice Walker (1944-), Nikki Giovanni (1943-) et al. Donald Barthelme (1931-89), City Life (short stories). Frederick Barthelme (1943-), Rangoon (short stories) (debut); brother of Donald Barthelme (1931-89). Roland Barthes (1915-80), Empire of Signs. Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), Star Virus (first novel). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), More Pricks Than Kicks (short stories); The Lost Ones; a 50m x 16m flattened cylinder world and its pathetic inhabitants. Saul Bellow (1915-2005), Mr. Sammler's Planet; Holocaust survivor Arthur Sammler contemplates life in New York City's ddWest Side, and encounters a black pickpocket. Thomas Berger (1924-), Vital Parts. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Das Kalkwerk (The Lime Works). Judy Blume (1938-), Iggie's House; about Winnie, whose best friend Iggie moves away, after which black people move into her house, and she makes friends with them, facing racism from parents et al.; Are You There God? It's Me, Margaret; about a pre-teenie who has to cope with her first brad, first period, boys, etc. Arna Bontemps (1902-73), Mr. Kelso's Lion. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), El Informe de Brodie (short stories). John Braine (1922-86), Stay With Me Till Morning. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), The Abortion: An Historical Romance 1966; his last hit; Revenge of the Lawn: Stories 1962-1970 (short stories) (Oct. 1). Frederick Buechner (1926-), The Entrance to Porlock. James Lee Burke (1936-), To the Bright and Shining Sun. Augustin Buzura (1938-), The Absent Ones (Absentii); a young doctor has a spiritual crisis. Louis Carbonneau, Barrier World; a closed society where people are killed when they reach 30. John Dickson Carr (1906-77), The Ghosts' High Noon. James Hadley Chase (1906-85), There's a Hippie on the Highway; Frank Terrell #5. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Passenger to Frankfurt: An Extravaganza (Sept.). John Christopher (1922-2012), The Guardians; about 2052 England, which is polarized into the Conurbs and the County. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), The War (La Guerre). The Boo (first novel). Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Invitation. Susan Cooper (1935-), Dawn of Fear. Harry Crews (1935-), This Thing Don't Lead to Heaven. Robertson Davies (1913-95), Fifth Business; #1 in Deptford Trilogy ("The Manticore", "World of Wonders"); based on Jungian archetypes. R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), God is an Englishman; first in the Swann Family Saga, about Indian vet Dam Swann, who returns from the Crimean War to seek his fortune in Victorian England in the transport biz, and hooks up with mill owner's daughter Henrietta. James Dickey (1923-97), Deliverance (first novel); Atlanta businessmen Lewis Medlock, Ed Gentry, Drew Ballinger, and Bobby Trippe decide to skip golfing and take a trip down the Cahulawassee River in N Ga. and get messed up by lonely horny homo inbred hillbillies, then conspire to get away with homicide after they get back to civilization because a dam is scheduled to flood the area and they couldn't get a fair trial from more hillbillies; filmed in 1972. Joan Didion (1934-2021), Play It As It Lays; model-turned-actress Maria Wyeth drives aimlessly on Los Angeles' endless freeways, then commits suicide in a mental institution; "I know what 'nothing' means." Allen Drury (1918-98), The Throne of Saturn; the first manned mission to Mars and its dirty politics. Lawrence Durrell (1912-90), Nunquam; pt. 2 of 2 of "The Revolt of Aphrodite" (1968-70). Allan W. Eckert (1931-), The Conquerors. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), The Endless Column. Harlan Ellison (1934-), Over the Edge (short stories). James T. Farrell (1904-79), Invisible Swords; Troubles; set in 1919; wins the Booker Prize in 2010 after its rules are changed next year from a prize for novels pub. the previous year to the current year, leaving it out in the cold. Jack Finney (1911-95), Time and Again; Simon Morley goes on a time travel adventure in 1880s New York City; followed by "From Time to Time" (1995). Margaret Forster (1938-), Fenella Phizackerley. Paula Fox (1923-), Desperate Characters; childless Brooklyn couple Sophie and Otto Brentwood. Janet Frame (1924-2004), Intensive Care. Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-), The Dick - I'll take eight fingers worth? Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973), La Meccanica. John Gardner (1933-82), The Wreckage of Agathon; a philosopher and his disciple are imprisoned in ancient Sparta, giving them time to talk shop. Romain Gary (1914-80), White Dog (Chien Blanc); a French couple try to deprogram an Ala. police dog trained to attack blacks; filmed in 1982 by Samuel Fuller. Gail Godwin (1937-), The Perfectionists (first novel); a "perfect but unhappy marriage". Nadine Gordimer (1923-), A Guest of Honour. Lois Gould (1932-2002), Such Good Friends (first novel); bestseller about Julie Messinger, who learns of her hubby's affairs as he is dying in a hospital, causing her to pop amphetamines and masturbate; the female Alex Portnoy?; her real hubby Philip Benjamin died in 1966, after which she found his diary telling about his affairs. Winston Graham (1908-2003), Angel, Pearl & Little God; William Angell and Pearl Friedel. Julien Gracq (1910-2007), The Peninsula (La Presqu'île); incl. "The Road", "The Peninsula",and "King Cophetua" (filmed in 1971 by Andre Delvaux as "Rendezvous at Bray"). Gunter Grass (1927-), Local Anaesthetic. Shirley Ann Grau (1929-), The Condor Passes; should have won the 1971 Pulitzer, which was awarded to nobody? Joanne Greenberg (1932-), In This Sign; a deaf family. John Gunther (1901-70), The Indian Sign (Quatrain). Arthur Hailey (1920-2004), Wheels; bestseller about life in the Detroit auto industry. Earl Hamner Jr. (1923-2016), The Homecoming: A Novel About Spencer's Mountain; sequel to "Spencer's Mountain" (1961-). Peter Handke (1942-), Stories from the Wienerwald by Odon von Horvath; Short Letter, Long Farewell. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Wolf: A False Memoir (first novel). L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), My Sisters' Keeper. John Hawkes (1925-98), The Blood Oranges; two couples on a Greek island get into swapping. Shirley Hazzard (1931-), The Bay of Noon. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), Islands in a Stream (posth.) (Oct.); autobio. novel about a lonely painter; "A gallant wreck of a novel" being "paraded as the real thing" (John Updike). Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), The Snail-Watcher and Other Stories (Eleven); Ripley Under Ground (Ripley #2) (May 31); Ripley tries to keep his lovely French countryside lifestyle going despite all his crimes; filmed in 2005 by Barry Pepper. Susan Hill (1942-), I'm the King of the Castle; filmed in 1989 by Regis Wargnier as "Je suis le seigneur du chateau". Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), The Blessing Way (first novel); Navajo detective Joe Leaphorn; spawns a series. Russell Hoban (1925-), Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas; Ma Otter and her son Emmet try to win a talent show. Paul Horgan (1903-95), Whitewater. Storm Jameson (1891-1986), Parthian Words. Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), The Honours Board; a liberal boys' prep school in Downs Park, S England. Uwe Johnson (1934-84), Jahrestage: Aus dem Leben von Gesine Cresspahl (4 vols.) (1971-83) (Anniversaries: From the Life of Gesine Cresspahl). Ward Just (1935-), A Soldier of the Revolution. Ismail Kadare (1936-), The Castle (The Siege); Scanderbeg of Albania vs. the Ottoman Turks. Sue Kaufman (1926-77), Life with Prudence: A Chilling Tale. Emma Lathen, Pick Up Sticks; John Putnam Thatcher #11. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Valdez is Coming. Ira Levin (1929-2007), This Perfect Day; Chip lives in a future society run by computer; "Don't thank me, thank Uni." Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), But We Didn't Get the Fox; Edmund Trothe #2. Graham Lord (1943-), Marshmallow Pie. Malcolm Lowry (1909-57), October Ferry to Gabriola (posth.); ed. by his widow Margerie Bonner; Ethan Lleweyllen and his wife go to Gabriola Island near Vancouver, B.C. Wallace Markfield (1926-2002), Teitlebaum's Widow; Simon Sloan (b. 1924) from age 8 to the 1941 Pearl Harbor attack. Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), The Bishop. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Moving On. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Apple of the Eye. Yukio Mishima (1925-70), The Decay of the Angel; #4 (last) in the Sea of Fertility (1968-70); delivers the ms. right before trying to take over the govt. and committing seppuku. Brian Moore (1921-99), Fergus. Toni Morrison (1931-2019), The Bluest Eye (first novel); a poor abused black girl wishes for blue eyes - and blondest hair? Alice Munro (1931-), Lives of Girls and Women (short stories). Iris Murdoch (1919-99), A Fairly Honorable Defeat. Robert Nathan (1894-1985), Mia. Larry Niven (1938-), Ringworld; set in 2850; first in a super-popular hard sci-fi series; 200-y.-o. boosterspice-taking Louis Gridley Wu bar-hops the world westward to celebrate his birthday, then travels to Known Space, where he meets Pierson's Puppeteer Nessus (3 legs, 2 heads, 0 arms), and joins him, Kzin, and Teela Brown on a mission to Ringworld in order to win the superfast ship Long Shot. Francois Nourissier (1927-), La Creve (Crčve). Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), The Wheel of Love and Other Stories. Edna O'Brien (1930-), A Pagan Place; her repressive literature-hating Irish parents; a James Joyce "Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" with a woman? John O'Hara (1905-70), The Ewings. Michael Ondaatje (1943-), The Collected Works of Billy the Kid. John Jay Osborn Jr. (1945-), The Paper Chase; 1st-year Harvard law student Hart and his contracts class instructor Prof. Charles Kingsfield (John Houseman), who he discovers is the daddy of his girlfriend; Osborn graduated from Harvard Law School in 1970, and writes the first novel to realistically describe student life in U.S. law schools, founding the genre of lawyers-turned-writers? Cynthia Ozick (1928-), The Pagan Rabbi and Other Stories. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Knocker on Death's Door; George Felse. Marge Piercy (1936-), Dance the Eagle to Sleep. Reynolds Price (1933-), Permanent Errors (short stories); a blocked writer after his mother's death and his wife's suicide. James Purdy (1914-2009), Jeremy's Version; first of the Sleepers in Moon-Crowded Valleys Trilogy, incl. "Mourners Below" (1981), "The House of the Solitary Maggot" (1986); "No one hated more dearly my home town of Boutflour, planked down in the far south in this Yankee state, than my Uncle Matt Lacey." Jean Raspail (1925-), Welcome Honorable Visitors. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), And Chaos Died. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Anderson Tapes; a gang of criminals plots to rob a luxury apt. bldg.; introduces New York City cop Edward X. Delaney; launches his bestselling novel-writing career at age 50, becoming the Robin Leach of crime novels as he uncovers their dirty laundry. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Provavelmente Alegria. Thomas Savage (1915-), Daddy's Girl. Erich Segal (1937-2010), Love Story (Feb. 14); a bestselling (9M copies) (41 weeks on the NYT best seller list) novelization of his screenplay for the film, released on Dec. 16; WASP Harvard student Oliver Barrett IV meets working class Radcliffe student Jennifer Cavilleri, who gets rejected by his establishment dad but p-whips him into marrying him, after which she supports him through Harvard Law School, then dies of leukemia, woo-woo-woo; opening lines "What can you way about a twenty-five-year-old girl who died? That she was beautiful and brillant. That she loved Mozart and Bach. The Beatles. And me."; "Love means never having to say you're sorry"; by Nov. the paperback ed. sells 4.35M copies. Maurice Sendak (1928-), In the Night Kitchen; young Mickey's dream journey through the surrealistic Night Kitchen, where he helps the baker create a cake that has to be ready by morning; nude illustrations of toddlers piss-off U.S. PC police? Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), The Clam Shell. Irwin Shaw (1913-84), Rich Man, Poor Man; bestseller (6M copies) about the Jordache children Rudolph, Thomas, and Gretchen, who are followed along with the U.S. social scene from the 1940s-1960s; later adapted as the first TV miniseries; sequel is "Beggarman, Thief" (1977). Gail Sheehy (1937-), Lovesounds (first novel); a couple drift apart and separate. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), A Start in Life. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), A Friend of Kafka and Other Stories; Enemies: A Love Story; his first novel set in the U.S., about a Polish Jew who marries the woman who helped him escape from the Nazis, then finds that his first wife is still alive. John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), The Muller-Fokker Effect; Bob Shairp volunteers to be turned into a computer. Martin Cruz Smith (1942-), Indians War (first novel). C.P. Snow (1905-80), Last Things; 11th and last vol. of "Strangers and Brothers" (first in 1940). Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Steelwork. Terry Southern (1924-95), Blue Movie; Boris "B" Adrian films "The Faces of Love" about the full range of human sexual experience; dedicated "To the great Stanley K." (Kubrick) Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Driver's Seat. Norman Spinrad (1940-), The Last Hurrah of the Golden Horde (short stories). Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), On the Shady Side. Earl Thompson (1931-78), A Garden of Sand (first novel); semi-autobio. novel about young boy Jacky MacDeramid, who goes on a journey from Wichita to Corpus Christi. Roderick Thorp (1936-99), The Music of Their Laughter: An American Album; teenies talk about balling et al. Michel Tournier (1924-), Le Roi Des Aulnes. Anne Tyler (1941-), A Slipping-Down Life. Barry Unsworth (1930-2012), The Hide; seaside pleasure palace employee Josh quits and becomes a gardener for widowed Audrey Wilcox, digging a trench to spy on women. John Updike (1932-2009), Bech: A Book; blocked Jewish-Am. New York writer Henry Bech. Leon Uris (1924-2003), QB VII; a Polish doctor in a Nazi concentration camp sues a writer for libel in Britain, and wins a half-penny damages after they only prove he operated on 1K POWs without anesthesia instead of 15K; based on Uris' experience being sued by Polish Auschwitz surgeon Wladislaw Dering over his novel "Exodus", who wins you know what. Peter Ustinov (1921-2004), Krumnagel; crabby New York City cop Bartram Krumnagel. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Two Sisters; a screenwriter writes about two sisters in 3rd cent. B.C.E. Ephesus, along with a diary, after which his old friend Vidal writes a memoir. Peter De Vries (1910-93), Mrs. Wallop. Alice Walker (1944-), The Third Life of Grange Copeland (first novel). Alec Waugh (1898-1981), A Spy in the Family; Treasury official Victor's wife Myra takes a vacation to Malta, and is initiated into eroticism by another innocent maiden. Eudora Welty (1909-2001), Losing Battles; three generations of Granny Vaughn's descendants gather at her Miss. home to celebrate her 90th birthday, and swap stories. Paul West (1930-), I'm Expecting to Live Quite Soon. Donald E. Westlake (1933-2008), The Hot Rock. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), Gateway to Hell; the duke de Richeleau and Rex van Ryan in Argentina. Patrick White (1912-90), The Vivisector; artist Hurtle Duffield dissects people's weaknesses. Laura Ingalls Wilder (1867-1957), The First Four Years (posth.). Arthur Wise (1923-82), Leatherjacket; Who Killed Enoch Powell? (last novel); beat out for the Edgar Award by Frederick Forsyth's "Day of the Jackal". Al Young (1939-), Snakes (first novel); black jazz musician MC. Roger Zelazny (1937-95), Nine Princes in Amber; #1 of 10 of the Chronicles of Amber (1970-91). Births: Am. 6'3" volleyball player (black) Gabrielle Allyse Reece on Jan. 6 in La Jolla, Calif.; Afro-Trinidadian father, white mother; raised in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Am. "Griffin Vesey in Cosby" actor (black) Doug E. Doug (Douglas Bourne) on Jan. 7 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. rapper (black) Raekwon (the Chef) (Corey Quontrell Woods) (Wu-Tang Clan) on Jan. 12 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. musician-poet-activist Zacarias Manuel "Zack" de la Rocha (Rage Against the Machine) on Jan. 12 in Long Beach, Calif.; of Mexican, German, and Irish descent. Am. "Adventures in Babysitting" actor Keith Coogan (Keith Eric Mitchell) on Jan. 13 in Palm Springs, Calif.; grandson of Jackie Coogan. Am. "Grey's Anatomy", "Private Practice", "Scandal" writer-dir.-producer (black) Shonda Rhimes on Jan. 13 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at Dartmouth College, and USC. Am. rapper (black) DJ Quik (David Marvin Blake) on Jan. 18 in Compton, Calif. Am. "Billy Loomis in Scream" actor-model Brian Ray "Skeet" Ulrich (Trout) on Jan. 20 in Lynchburg, Va.; raised in Concord, N.C.; Skeet is short for Mosquito. Am. "Shaggy in Scooby-Doo" actor Matthew Lyn Lillard on Jan. 24 in Lansing, Mich. Am. R&B singer (black) Patrick "Sleepy" Brown (Society of Soul) on Jan. 24. Swedish chef (black) Marcus "Joar" Samuelsson (Kassahun Tsegie) on Jan. 25 in Ethiopian; Ethiopian Orthodox parents. Am. gospel-R&B singer (black) Kirk Franklin on Jan. 26 in Riverside, Tex. Russian Dem. Party of Russia politician Andrei Vladimirovich Bogdanov on Jan. 27 in Mozhaysk. Am. "Nadine in Drugstore Cowboy", "Dr. Judy Robinson in Lost in Space", "Felicity Shagwell in Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me" actress Heather Joan Graham on Jan. 29 in Milwaukee, Wisc.; of Irish descent. U.S. Rep. (R-Wisc.) (1999-) and House Speaker #54 (2015-9) Paul Davis Ryan on Jan. 29 in Janesville, Wisc.; educated at Miami U. English "Skylar in Good Will Hunting" actress-singer Amelia Fiona Jessica "Minnie" Driver on Jan. 31 in Finsbury Park, London; grows up in Barbados; Welsh-born father; educated at Collingham College. English "Willow", "Leprechaun" 3'6" actor Warwick Ashley Davis on Feb. 3 in Epsom, Surrey. English "Scent of a Woman" actress (pagan) Gabrielle Anwar on Feb. 4 in Laleham, Middlesex; Indian immigrant father, English mother. Am. musician James Murphy (LCD Soundsystem) on Feb. 4 in Princeton Junction, N.J. Am. 5'10" golfer Timothy Daniel "Tim" Herron on Feb. 6 in Minneapolis, Minn.; educated at the U. of N.M. Am. "Flo in Progressive Insurance ads", "Marge in Mad Men", "Diane in "Cavemen" actress-comedian Stephanie Courtney on Feb. 8 in Stony Point, N.Y. Am. 6'10" hall-of-fame basketball center (black) (Charlotte Hornets #33, 1992-5) (New Jersey Nets #33, 2003-4) (Miami Heat #33, 1995-2002, 2005-8) Alonzo Harding "Zo" "the Ultimate Warrior" Mourning Jr. on Feb. 8 in Chesapeake, Va.; educated at Georgetown U. Canadian rock bassist James Raymond "Jim" Creeggan (Barenaked Ladies) on Feb. 12 in Scarborough, Ont.; brother of Any Creeggan (1971-). English "Scotty in Star Trek 2009", "Benji Dunn in MI:3" comedian-dir.-producer-writer Simon John Pegg (nee Beckingham) on Feb. 14 in Brockworth, Gloucestershire; educated at Stratford-upon-Avon College, and U. of Btistol. Am. rock musician Timothy Jerome Mahoney (311) on Feb. 17. Tahitian celeb Tarita Cheyenne Brando (d. 1995) on Feb. 20 in Papeete, Tahihi; daughter of Marlon Brando (1924-2004) and Tarita Teriipia Brando (1941-); mother of Tuki Brando (1990-). Am. rock bassist Eric John Wilson (Sublime) on Feb. 21. Am. "Raineesha Williams in Reno 911!", "Desna Simms in Claws" comedian-actress (black) Carol Denise "Niecy" Nash (nee Ensley) on Feb. 23 in Compton, Calif.; educated at CSU Dominguez Hills. Am. bowler Chris Barnes on Feb. 25 in Topeka, Kan.; educated at Wichita State U.; husband (1999-) of Lynda Barnes (1967-). Am. "Lemony Snicket" novelist (epileptic) Daniel Handler on Feb. 28 in San Francisco, Calif.; educated at Wesleyan U. Am. "Carol Vessey in Ed" actress Julie Bowen Luetkemeyer on Mar. 3 in Baltimore, Md.; educated at Brown U. Am. rock musician John Anthony Frusciante (Red Hot Chili Peppers) on Mar. 5 in Astoria, Queens, N.Y. Am. "Laurie on That '70s Show" actress Lisa Robin Kelly (d. 2013) on Mar. 5 in Southington, Conn.; grows up in Mooresville, N.C. Am. R&B singer (black) Rome (Jerome Woods) on Mar. 5 in Benton Harbor, Mich. Am. blogger (founder of TechCrunch) J. Michael Arrington on Mar. 13 in Orange, Calif.; educated at UCB, Claremont McKenna College, and Stanford U. Am. country musician Kristian Merrill Bush (Sugarland) on Mar. 14 in Knoxville, Tenn. Colombian dancer-choreographer (Zumba founder) Alberto "Beto" Perez (Pérez) on Mar. 15 in Cali; emigrates to the U.S. in 1999. Am. mayor #49 of Baltimore (2010-) (black) Stephanie C. Rawlings-Blake on Mar. 17 in Baltimore, Md.; educated at Oberlin College, and the U. of Md. Am. 5'10" "Matron Mama Morton in Chicago", "Augusta Boatwright in The Secret Life of Bees", "Ellie in Ice Age" rapper-singer-actress (black) Queen Latifah (Arab. "delicate", "very kind") (Dana Elaine Owens) on Mar. 18 in Newark, N.J. Am. "Donald Self in Prison Break", "Frank in My Name is Earl" actor (Jewish) Michael David Rapaport on Mar. 20 in New York City; Polish-Russian Jewish ancestry; grows up in Upper East Side, Manhattan. Am. rock bassist John Humphrey (The Nixons) on Mar. 23. Am. "Donna Hayward in Twin Peaks", "Asst. DA Helen Gamble in The Practice" actress Lara Flynn Boyle on Mar. 24 in Davenport, Iowa; named after a char. in Boris Pasternak's "Dr. Zhivago". Irish singer Sharon Helga Corr (Corrs) on Mar. 24 in Dundalk, County Louth; sister of Caroline Corr (1973-) and Andrea Corr (1974-). Am. "Dr. Juliet Burke in Lost" actress Elizabeth Mitchell on Mar. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. English rock drummer Brendan Colin Charles Hill (Blues Traveller) on Mar. 27 in London. Am. "Trent Walker in Swingers", "Reese Feldman in Starsky & Hutch", "Jeremy Grey in Wedding Crashers" Frat Pack actor-comedian-writer-producer Vincent Anthony "Vince" Vaughn on Mar. 28 in Minneapolis, Minn. Am. "Laurie Forman in That '70s Show" actress Lisa Robin Kelly (d. 2013) on Mar. 5 in Southington, Conn. English "Sheriff Hugh Beringar in Brother Cadfael" actor Anthony Green on Apr. 4 in Blackburn, Lancashire. Canadian "Pvt. Daniel Jackson in Saving Private Ryan" actor Barry Robert Pepper on Apr. 4 in Campbell River, B.C. Am. rock musician-actor Josh Todd (Joshua Todd Gruber) (Buckcherry) on Apr. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. rock singer Craig Honeycutt (Everything) on Apr. 8. Am. journalist Michele R. McPhee on Apr. 8 in Wakefield, Mass.; educated at the U. of Mass. Am. "Det. Jack Hale in Killer Instinct" actor Johnny Messner on Apr. 11 in Syracuse, N.Y. Danish "Saturday Night" singer Whigfield (Sannie Charlotte "Naan" Carlson) on Apr. 11 in Skaelskor. Am. rock musician Nicholas Lofton "Nick" Hexum (311) on Apr. 12 in Madison, Wisc. Am. "T.J. in The Champ", "Ricky Stratton in Silver Spoons" actor Richard Bartlett "Ricky" "Rick" Schroder on Apr. 13 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; grows up in Staten Island, N.Y. Am. rapper-DJ-actor Redman (Reginald "Reggie" Noble) (Method Man & Redman) on Apr. 17 in Newark, N.J. Am. White House comm. dir. (2017) Michael D. "Mike" Dubke on Apr. 18 in Hamburg, N.Y.; educated at Hamilton College. Am. "Malcolm Winters in The Young and the Restless" actor (black) Shemar Franklin Moore on Apr. 20 in Oakland, Calif. Am. "Randal Graves in Clerks" actor Jeffrey Allan "Jeff" Anderson on Apr. 21 in Monmouth County, N.J. Irish singer Glen Hansard (The Frames) on Apr. 21 in Ballymun, Dublin. Am. "Holly Shumpert in The King of Queens" comedian-actress Nicole Julianne Sullivan on Apr. 21 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "Earl Hickey in My Name is Earl" actor-skateboarder (Scientologist) Jason Michael Lee on Apr. 25 in Orange, Calif. Slovenian-born 5'11" U.S. Repub. First Lady (2017-) (Roman Catholic) Melania Trump (Knauss) (Knauss-Trump) (Melanija Knavs) on Apr. 26 in Novo Mesto, Yugoslavia (Slovenia); Communist parents; wife (2005-) of Donald Trump (1946-); educated at the U. of Ljubljana. Am. R&B singer (black) Tionne Tenese "T-Boz" Watkins (TLC) on Apr. 26 in Des Moines, Iowa. Swedish 6'1" hockey hall-of-fame player (Detroit Red Wings, 1989-2012) ("Mr. Perfect") Nicklas Erik Lidstrom (Lidström) on Apr. 28 in Krylbo. Am. tennis player Andre Kirk Agassi on Apr. 29 in Las Vegas, Nev.; husband (1997-9) of Brooke Shields (1965-). Am. "Mia Wallace in Pulp Fiction", "Kill Bill" 6' actress (high school dropout) (agnostic) Uma Karuna Thurman (Tibetan "Dbuma Chenpo" = Great Middle Way) on Apr. 29 in Boston, Mass.; one of four children of Columbia U. Tibetan Buddhism prof. Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman (1941-), who names her after a Hindu goddess; Mexican-born mother Nena von Schlebrugge (1941-) fled Germany after her father was briefly jailed by the Nazis, then became a model at age 16, and became Timothy Leary's 3rd wife in 1964; balks at daddy's plans for her in academia and begins modeling in New York at age 15; wife (1990-2) of Gary Oldman and (1998-2004) Ethan Hawke; her portrait bears a striking resemblance to actress Evelyn Keyes? Am. rapper (black) Master P (Percy Robert Miller) (b. 1967?) on Apr. 29. English rock guitarist Bernard Joseph Butler (Suede) on May 1 in Stamford Hill, North London. Canadian serial murderer Karla Leanna Homolka (Teale) (AKA Leanne Bordelais) on May 4 in Port Credit, Ont.; wife (1991-4) of Paul Bernardo (1964-). English grossly fat woman painter Jenny Saville on May 7 in Cambridge. Canadian "The Shock Doctrine" writer-activist-filmmaker (Jewish) Naomi Klein on May 8 in Montreal, Quebec; parents fled to the U.S. to escape the Vietnam War draft; educated at the U. of Toronto; wife of Avi Lewis (1968-). Canadian meteorologist Janice Dean on May 9 in Toronto, Ont. Am. rapper (black) Ghostface Killah (Dennis Coles) (Wu-Tang Clan) on May 9 in Staten Island, N.Y. Am. "Milton Mamet in The Walking Dead" actor Dallas Mark Roberts on May 10 in Houston, Tex.; educated at Juilliard School. Am. Dem. politician (black) Harold Eugene Ford Jr. on May 11 in Memphis, Tenn.; son of Harold E. Ford Sr. (1945-); educated at the U. of Penn. Am. "Det. Vitale in The Brave One" actor-producer Nicky Katt on May 11 in S.D. Am. "Nora in Pump Up the Volume" actress (vegetarian) Samantha Mathis on May 12 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; daughter of Bibi Besch (1940-96). Am. "The State" actor-writer-dir. Michael Patrick Jann on May 15 in Albany, N.Y. Argentine 5'9" tennis player Gabriela Beatriz Sabatini on May 16 in Buenos Aires. Am. singer-songwriter Jordan Nathanial Marcel Knight (New Kids on the Block) on May 17 in Worcester, Mass. Am. "Liz Lemon in 30 Rock", "Sarah Palin in SNL" comedian-writer Elizabeth Stamatina "Tina" Fey on May 18 in Upper Darby, Penn.; German-Scottish descent father, Greek descent mother; educated at the U. of Va. Canadian "Lt. Randy Disher in Monk" actor Jason Gray-Stanford on May 19 in Vacouver, B.C.; educated at the U. of British Columbia. Am. 5'11" basketball player (black) (Cleveland Cavaliers #11/#1, 1991-7) (Milwaukee Bucks #1, 1997-9) (Minnesota Timberwolves #7, 1999-2002) Thomas Terrell Brandon on May 20 in Portland, Ore.; educated at the U. of Ore. English 5'9" supermodel (black) Naomi Campbell on May 22 in Streatham, London; Chinese Jamaican father named Ming, Jamaican mother. Am. rock drummer Matthew "Matt" Flynn on May 23 in Woodstock, N.Y. Am. "Carrie in Little House on the Prairie" actresses Lindsay Sidney Greenbush (Rachel Lindsay Rene Bush and Sidney Robyn Danae Bush) on May 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Billy Green Bush (1935-). Am. "Ballazack in Spring Break '83" actor-comedian James Harvey "Jamie" Kennedy on May 25 in Upper Darby, Penn. Am. rapper (black) B-Real (Louis Freese) (Cypress Hill) on June 2 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Mexican father, Afro-Cuban mother. Polish-Swedish "Natalya Fyodorovna Simonova in GoldenEye" actress Izabella Dorota Scorupco on June 4 in Bialystok. Indonesian Javanese Jemaah Islamiyah/Abu Sayyaf Muslim terrorist Dulmatin (d. 2010) on June 6 in Pemaang. Am. rock musician James Christian "Munky" "The Gorilla" Shaffer (Korn) on June 6 in Bakersfield, Calif. Russian 5'11" hockey player Andrei Nikolaevich Kovalenko on June 7 in Balakovo. U.S. Rep. (D-Ariz.) (2007-) (Jewish) Gabrielle Dee "Gabby" Giffords on June 8 in Tucson, Ariz.; Jewish father, Christian Scientist mother; wife (2007-) of Mark Edward Kelly (1964-). Am. Dem. Detroit, Mich. mayor (black) (2002-8) Kwame Malik Kilpatrick on June 8 in Detroit, Mich. Am. "Lindsay Dole Donnell in The Practice" actress Kelli Renee Williams on June 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. musician-songwriter Rivers Cuomo (Weezer) on June 13 in Manhattan, N.Y; named for being born between the East and Hudson Rivers; raised on an ashram run by Sri Swami Atchidananda in Pomfret, Conn. Am. "Carrie Heffernan in The King of Queens" actress (Scientologist) Leah Marie Remini on June 15 in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Sicilian descent father, Austrian Jewish descent mother; starts out Roman Catholic until age 9. Am. 6'3" golfer (lefty swing) Philip Alfred "Phil" Mickelson on June 16 in San Diego, Calif. Am. "Phil Miller in The Last Man on Earth" actor-comedian-writer-producer Orville Willis "Will" Forte IV on June 17 in Alameda County, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. rock musician Brian Philip "Head" Welch (Korn) on June 19 in Bakersfield, Calif. Israeli Olympic judo athlete (Jewish) (2nd Israeli to win an Olympic medal) Shay-Oren Smadja on June 20. Am. "Jake Perry in Sweet Home Alabama", "Don Haskins in Glory Road" actor-producer Josh Lucas (Joshua Lucas Easy Dent Maurer) on June 20 in Little Rock, Ark.; named for a birth so easy that the doctor his his head on the bedpost; brother of Devin Maurer (1977-). Canadian musician Steven Jay Page (Barenaked Ladies) on June 22 in Scarborough, Ont. Am. "Three Amigos" comedian-actor-writer Alfred "Freddy" Soto Jr. (d. 2005) on June 22 in El Paso, Tex. Am. R&B singer (black) Johnathan Arthur "Chico" DeBarge (DeBarge) on June 23 in Grand Rapids, Mich. Am. "Boogie Nights", "There Will Be Blood", "Phantom Thread" dir. Paul Thomas "P.T." Anderson on June 26 in Studio City, Calif. Am. "Robin in Batman & Robin", "Charlie Simms in Scent of a Woman" actor Christopher Eugene O'Donnell on June 26 in Winnetka, Ill. Am. "Gossip Girl" novelist Cecily Brooke von Ziegesar on June 27 in New York City; educated at the U. of Ariz. Am. "Rochelle in Everybody Loves Chris" actress (black) Tichina Rolanda Arnold on June 28 in Queens, N.Y. Dutch singer (black) Raymond Lothar "Ray" Slijngaard (2 Unlimited) on June 28 in Amsterdam; Dutch mother, Surinamese father. Am. "Chuck & Buck" dir.-writer-actor-producer (bi) Michael Christopher "Mike" White on June 28 in Pasadena, Calif.; son of Dr. Mel White. Am. actor Brian Keith Bloom on June 30 in Long Island, N.Y; brother of Scott Bloom (1973-). U.S. Sen. (R-Iowa) (2015-) Joni Kay Ernst (nee Culver) on July 1 in Red Oak, Iowa; educated at Columbus College. Am. rock musician (inventor of the copperphone) Mark Pirro (Polyphonic Spree, Tripping Daisy) on July 1 in Dallas, Tex. Am. "Baldwin Jones in NYPD Blue" actor (black) Henry Oswald Simmons Jr. on July 1 in Stamford, Conn. Am. "Dr. Naomi Bennett in Private Practice" actress-singer (black) Audra Ann McDonald on July 3 in Berlin, Germany; raised in Fresno, Calif. Finnish hockey player ("the Finnish Flash") Teemu Ilmari Selanne (Selänne) on July 3 in Helsinki. Malian soccer referee (black) Koman Coulibaly on July 4. Am. singer (Scientologist) (high school dropout) Beck Hansen (Bek David Campbell) on July 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. country singer Gary LeVox (Gary Wayne Vernon Jr.) (Rascal Flats) on July 10 in Columbus, Ohio. Irish actress-writer-dir.-producer Sharon Horgan on July 13 in Hackney, London; Kiwi father, Irish mother; educated at Brunel U. Australian tennis player Sandon Stolle on July 13 in Sydney; son of Fred Stolle (1938-). Am. "Katie in Benson" child actress Missy Gold (Melissa Fisher) on July 14 in Great Falls, Mont. Scottish PM #5 (2014-) Nicola Sturgeon on July 19 in Irvine, North Ayrshire; educated at the U. of Glasgow. Am. "Cordelia Chase in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actress Charisma Lee Carpenter on July 23 in Las Vegas, Nev. Am. R&B singer (black) Sam Watters (Color Me Badd) on July 23 in Camp Springs, Md. Scottish rock drummer Richard "Rico" Colburn (Belle & Sebastian) on July 25 in Perth. British-Am. "Inception", "Memento", "Batman Begins", "The Dark Knight", "Interstellar", "The Prestige", "Insomnia" dir.-writer-producer Christopher Jonathan James Nolan on July 30 in London; English father, Am. mother; brother of Jonathan Nolan (1976-); husband of Emma Thomas; educated at Univ. College London. Am. "Silent Bob in Clerks" writer-dir.-actor Kevin Smith on Aug. 2 in Red Bank, N.J. Am. "Eddie's Bastard" novelist William John Kowalski III on Aug. 3 in Parma, Ohio. Am. "The Sixth Sense", "Unbreakable", "Signs", "The Village" writer-dir. M. Night Shyamalan (Manoj Nelliyattu Shyamalan) on Aug. 6 in Mahe, Pondicherry, India; raised in Penn. - all his movies have a secret sham? Am. "Hysteria" dir. (gay) Tanya Wexler on Aug. 6 in Chicago, Ill; educated at Yale U.; wife (2004-) of Amy Zimmerman. Am. TV journalist Christopher Charles "Chris" Cuomo on aug. 9 in Queens, N.Y.; son of Mario Cuomo (1932-2015); brother of Andrew Cuomo (1957-); educated at Yale U., and Fordham U. Am. baseball pitcher (Minn. Twins, 1992-6) Patrick Lavon "Pat" Mahomes Sr. on Aug. 9 in Bryan, Tex.; father of Patrick Mahomes II (1995-). Am. rock bassist Arion Salazar (Third Eye Blind) on Aug. 9. Am. "Girl Next Door" porno star Stacy Valentine (Baker) on Aug. 9 in Tulsa, Okla.; appears in her first porno on Feb. 14, 1996. Am. 6'6" serial murderer (black) Paul Durousseau on Aug. 11 in Beaumont, Tex.; grows up in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Antwon Mitchell in The Shield" actor-comedian (black) Anthony Alvin Anderson on Aug. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. 6'1" tennis player James Spencer "Jim" Courier Jr. on Aug. 17 in Sanford, Fla. Am. economist Jason Furman on Aug. 18 in New York City; educated at Harvard U., and the London School of Economics. Am. Doom, Wolfenstein 3-D, Quake video game programmer (id Software co-founder) John D. Carmack II on Aug. 20 in Roseland Park, Kan. Am. musician-actor-dir. William Frederick "Fred" Durst (Limp Bizkit) on Aug. 20 in Gastonia, N.C. Am. chef Giada (It. "jade") Pamela De Laurentiis on Aug. 22 in Rome, Italy; educated at UCLA, and Le Cordon Bleu; daughter of Veronica De Laurentiis (1950-), daughter of Dino De Laurentiis (1919-2010). Am. "Jerry Maguire", "Christopher Walken in SNL", "Last Comic Standing" actor-comedian Jon Ferguson "Jay" Mohr on Aug. 23 in Verona, N.J. Am. "Stand By Me" actor (Jewish) River Jude Phoenix (Bottom) (d. 1993) on Aug. 23 in Metolius (near Madras), Ore.; Roman Catholic father, Jewish Hungarian-Russian mother, both members of the Children of God; named after the River of Life in Hermann Hesse's "Siddhartha" and "Hey Jude" by the Beatles; brother of Joaquin Phoenix (1974-), Rain Phoenix (1972-), Summer Phoenix (1978-), and Liberty Phoenix. Am. TV journalist (Jewish) David Michael Gregory on Aug. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Am. U. Am. country singer Jo Dee Marie Messina on Aug. 25 in Holliston, Mass.; Italian descent father, Irish descent mother. German 6' Guess? jeans supermodel (Brigitte Bardot lookalike) Claudia Schiffer on Aug. 25 in Rheinberg/Dusseldorf; discovered at a disco in Dusseldorf by Michel Leviton. Am. "Sookie St. James in Gilmore Girls", "Dena in Samantha Who?", "Tammy" actress Melissa Ann McCarthy on Aug. 26 in Plainfield, Ill.; Irish Roman Catholic descent father; cousin of Jenny McCarthy (1972-) and Joanne McCarthy (1974-); wife (2005-) of Ben Falcone (1973-). Am. "Chicken and Biscuits" country musician-songwriter Colt Ford (Jason Farris Brown) on Aug. 27 in Athens, Ga. Am. rock bassist-songwriter-producer Tony Ashwin Kanal (No Doubt) on Aug. 27 in Kingsburgy, London; Indian immigrant parents; emigrates to the U.S. in 1981. Am. "AutoNation ad girl" actress Monica Lacy (nee Creel) on Aug. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; one of triplets with "Tori Scott in Saved by the Bell" actress Leanna Creel and Joy Creel; educated at UCLA. Am. "Dog Whisperer" TV host Cesar Millan on Aug. 27 in Culiacan, Mexico; sneaks into the U.S. in 1991 and heads for Hollywood. Australian "Streets of Heaven" country singer-actress Sherrie (Sherrié) Austin (Sherrié Veronica Krenn) (Colorhaus) on Aug. 28 in Sydney, N.S.W. Am. "If I Ever Fall in Love" R&B singer (black) Carl "Groove" Martin (Shai) on Aug. 29. Jordanian queen Rania Al Abdullah (nee Al Yassin) on Aug. 31 in Kuwait; Palestinian parents; queen consort (1999-) of Abdullah II; mother of Prince Hussein (1994-), Princess Iman (1996-), Princess Salma (2000-), and Prince Hashem (2005-). Am. "Foolish Beat" singer (Roman Catholic) Deborah Ann "Debbie" Gibson on Aug. 31 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. rock musician Greg Richling (Wallflowers) on Aug. 31. German physicist Jan Hendrik Schon (Schön) on Aug. ? in Verden an der Aller, Lower Saxony. Indian-Am. "Top Chef" host Padma (Sans. "lotus") (Angie) Parvati Lakshmi, Lady Rushdie on Sept. 1 in Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu; wife (2004-7) of Salman Rushdie (1947-). Am. rap DJ (black) Spigg Nice (Lost Boyz) on Sept. 1. Am. "Diane Court in Say Anything", "Elyse in Wayne's World" actress (bi) Ione Skye Lee (nee Leitch) on Sept. 4 in Hertfordshire, England; daughter of Scottish singer Donovan (1946-) and Jewish-Am. mother Enid Karl (nee Stulberger); sister of Donovan Leitch Jr. (1967-); raised in Hollywood, Calif. Am. rock bassist Steve "Fuzz" Kmak (Disturbed) on Sept. 5. English "Last Chance Harvey" dir.-writer Joel Hopkins on Sept. 6 in London. Am. rock drummer Chad Ronald Sexton (311) on Sept. 7 in Lexington, N.Y. Am. singer-songwriter Neko Case on Sept. 8 (New Pornographers) in Alexandria, Va.; of Ukrainian descent. English "Bilbo Baggins in The Hobbit" actor (Roman Catholic) Martin John Christopher Freeman on Sept. 8 in Aldershot, Hampshire. Am. jihadist (Sunni Muslim) Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan on Sept. 8 in Arlington County, Va.; Palestinian immigrant parents. Am. "Avenue Q" composer-lyricist (Jewish) Jeff Marx on Sept. 1; grows up in Hollywood, Fla.; educated at the U. of Mich., and Yeshiva U.; collaborator of Robert Lopez (1975-). Am. progressive activist Neera Posadas Tanden on Sept. 10 in Bedford, India; Indian immigrant parents; educated at UCLA, and Yale U. Am. "Queenie in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button", "Think Like A Man" 5'5" actress (black) Taraji (Swahili "hope, faith") Penda (Swahili "love") Henson on Sept. 11 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Howard U. Am. football coach (Atlanta Falcons, 2015-) Daniel Patrick "Dan" Quinn on Sept. 11 in Morristown, N.J.; educated at Salisbury U. Am. "Cassie Layne Winslow in Guiding Light", "Carly Corinthos in General Hospital" actress Laura Wright (nee Sisk) on Sept. 11 in Clinton, Md. English "Lady Anne Davenport in Hidalgo" actress Louise Lombard (Louise Maria Perkins) on Sept. 13 in London; Irish immigrant parents. Am. jurist (black) Ketanji Brown Jackson (nee Ketanji Omyika Brown) on Sept. 14 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Harvard U. Am. "Idlewild", "Edenborn, "Everfree" sci-fi novelist Nick Sagan on Sept. 16 in Boston, Mass.; son of Carl Sagan and Linda Salzman. Am. football QB Mark Allen Brunell on Sept. 17 in Santa Maria, Calif. Am. "Charlie Wheeler in Friends", "Andrea Marino in Ghost Whisperer" comedian-actress (black) Aisha N. Tyler on Sept. 18 in San Francisco, Calif.; educated at Dartmouth College. Am. "A Problem from Hell" journalist and U.S. U.N. ambassador #28 (2013-17) Samantha Jane Power on Sept. 21 in Dungarvan, County Waterford; emigrates to the U.S. in 1979; educated at Yale U., and Harvard U.; wife (2008-) of Cass Sunstein (1954-). Am. bowler (lefty) Patrick "Hoss" Allen on Sept. 23 in Tarrytown, N.Y. Am. "32 Flavors" feminist singer-songwriter-poet (bi) (atheist) Angela Maria "Ani" DiFranco on Sept. 23 in Buffalo, N.Y. English rock drummer Peter Anthony Salisbury (The Verve) on Sept. 24 in Bath. Am. "I Meant To" country singer Thomas Bradley "Brad" Cotter on Sept. 29 in Opelika, Ala. Canadian comedian Russell Dominic Peters on Sept. 29 in Brampton, Ont.; Indian immigrant parents. Israeli Likud party politician (Jewish) Gilad Erdan on Sept. 30 in Ashkelon; educated at Bar-Ilan U. Am. "Hayley Vaughan in All My Children" actress (cheerleader) Kelly Maria Ripa on Oct. 2 in Berlin, N.J.; Italian father, Irish-Italian mother; wife (1996-) of Mark Consuelos (1971-). Am. "Becky Arnett in Boogie Nights", "Teri Joseph in Soul Food" actress-model Nicole Ari Parker Kodjoe on Oct. 7 in Baltimore, Md.; wife (2005-) of Boris Kodjoe (1973-). Am. "Good Will Hunting", "Pvt. Ryan in Saving Private Ryan", "Jason Bourne in The Bourne Identity" actor Matthew Paige "Matt" Damon on Oct. 8 in Cambridge, Mass.; educated at Harvard U. British Labour politician (Muslim) (mayor of London, 2016-) (Sunni Muslim) Sadiq Aman Khan on Oct. 8 in Tooting, London; Pakistani immigrant parents; educated at the U. of North London. Am. celeb Soon-Yi Previn (Farrow) on Oct. 8 in South Korea; adopted daughter of Mia Farrow (1945-) and Andrew Previn (1929); wife (1997-) of Woody Allen. Am. 6'0" basketball player (black) (New Jersey Nets #7, 1991-6) (Charlotte Hornets #12, 1996) (Portland Trail Blazers #7, 1996-8) (Boston Celtics #7, 1998-2002) Kenneth "Kenny" Anderson on Oct. 9 in Queens, N.Y.; educated at Georgia Tech. Swedish golfer Annika Sorenstam on Oct. 9 in Stockholm; becomes a golfer after burning out at tennis at age 15. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Ahmed Ibrahim al-Haznawi (d. 2001) on Oct. 11 in Al Bahah Province. Am. "Mike Seaver in Growing Pains" actor and conservative Christian evangelist Kirk Thomas Cameron on Oct. 12 in Panorama City, Calif.; brother of Candace Cameron (1976-); husband (1991-) of Chelsea Noble. Am. 9-1/2" porno actor Julian Rios (Ruiz) (Andretti) (Rivers) on Oct. 12 in West Covina, Calif.; of Lebanese and Latin Am. descent. English tenor Paul Robert Potts on Oct. 13 in Kingswood, Bristol; first winner of "Britain's Got Talent" (2007). Am. "Chris in Selena" actor Jonathan "Jon" Seda on Oct. 14 in Manhattan, N.Y; Puerto Rican parents. Am. "Pony", "Differences" R&B musician (black) Ginuwine (Elgin Baylor Lumpkin) (Swing Mob) on Oct. 15 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Prince George's Community College. Am. "Undead or Alive" actor-comedian Christopher Lee "Chris" Kattan on Oct. 19 in Sherman Oaks, Calif.; father Kip King is Iraqi Jew; mother Hajni Biro is a Hungarian-born Buddhist who appeared in Playboy in the 1960s. Am. "Twitchy", "Hot Air" conservative writer (Roman Catholic) Michelle Malkin (nee Maglagang) on Oct. 20 in Philadelphia, Penn.; Philippine immigrant parents; raised in Absecon, N.J.; educated at Oberlin College; wife (1993-) of Jesse D. Malkin. Am. "The Theme (It's Party Time") rapper (black) Tracey Lee on Oct. 22 in Philadelphia, Penn.; educated at Howard U., and Southern U. Law Center. Argentine libertarian economist-politician and pres. (2023-) Javier Gerardo Milei on Oct. 22 in Buenos Aires; educated at the U. of Belgrano, and Torcuato Di Tella U. Am. "Mellish in Saving Private Ryan" actor-dir.-producer (Jewish) Adam Charles Goldberg on Oct. 25 in Santa Monica, Calif.; Jewish father, Roman Catholic mother; educated at Sarah Lawrence College. Canadian rock musician-songwriter Lloyd Edward "Ed" Elwyn Robertson (Barenaked Ladies) on Oct. 25 in Scarborough, Ont. Am. "Single White Female" country singer (lesbian) Richell Rene "Chely" Wright on Oct. 25 in Kansas City, Mo.; first major country music artist to come out on May 3, 2010. Am. "The War Within", "American Dervish" actor-writer (Muslim) Ayad Akhtar on Oct. 28 in Milwaukee, Wisc.; Pakistani immigrant parents; educated at Brown U. English "Virtual Insanity", "Emergency on Planet Earth" musician-songwriter Toby Grafftey-Smith (Jamiroquai) on Oct. 29 in London. Am. rock singer Douglas Vincent "SA" Martinez (311) on Oct. 29 in Omaha, Neb.; SA means "ese" or "spooky apparition"? Am. "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" actress (black) Nitara Carlynn "Nia" Long on Oct. 30 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; grandparents are from Trinidad and Tobago; "Nia" (Swahili "purpose") is one of the 7 days of Kwanzaa. Am. "Twin Falls Idaho", "Jackpot", "The Astronaut Farmer" dir. Michael Polish on Oct. 30 in El Centro, Calif.; father of Jasper Polish; twin brother of Mark Polish. Swedish rock singer Malin Sofia Katarina "Linn" Berggren (Ace of Base) on Oct. 31 in Gothenburg. Am. celeb Lorena Bobbitt (nee Gallo) on Oct. 31; wife (1989-95) of John Wayne Bobbitt (1967-). Brazilian model Luciana Gimenez Morad on Nov. 3 in Sao Paolo, Brazil; has son Lucas Maurice Morad Jagger (1999-) with Mick Jagger (1943-). Am. "Platoon Sgt. Shot in Head in Tropic Thunder" actor Anthony Michael Ruivivar on Nov. 4 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Am. "Gattaca" actor-writer-dir. Ethan Green Hawke on Nov. 6 in Austin, Tex. Am. "Super Size me" filmmaker (Methodist) Morgan Valentine Spurlock on Nov. 7 in Parkersburg, W. Va.; educated at NYU; of Scottish, English, and Irish descent. Am. rapper (black) Scarface (Akshen) (Brad Terrence Jordan) (Geto Boys) on Nov. 9 in Houston, Tex. Am. "Still Alice" novelist-neuroscientist Lisa Genova on Nov. 11; educated at Bates College, and Harvard U. Am. figure skater Tonya Harding on Nov. 12 in Portland, Ore. Am. "Wherever You Are" country singer-songwriter Jack Owen Ingram on Nov. 15 in The Woodlands, Tex. Am. "The Goonies" model-actress Martha Campbell Plimpton on Nov. 16 in New York City; daughter of Keith Carradine (1949-) and Shelley Plimpton (1947-); niece of David Carradine (1936-2009). Am. "The Kelly File" journalist-atty. Megyn Marie Kelly on Nov. 18 in Syracuse, N.Y.; educated at Syracuse U., and Albany Law School. Australian "La Femme Nikita" 5'10" actress Peta Gia Wilson on Nov. 18 in Sydney. Am. actor John Boyd West on Nov. 19 in Memphis, Tenn.; son of Elvis' driver-bodyguard Red West (1936-), whom he plays in the 1993 Memphis Melody - July 3, 1954 episode of "Quantum Leap". Am. rock musician Chad Taylor (Live) on Nov. 24 in Baltimore, Md. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) (Cleveland Cavaliers #13, 1995-6) (Orlando Magic #13, 1999-2001) (Utah Jazz #26, 2001-3) John Uzoma Ekwugha Amaechi on Nov. 26 in Boston, Mass.; Nigerian Igbo father, English mother; raised in England; educated at Vanderbilt U., and Penn State U. U.S. Sen. (R-Ga.) (2020-) Kelly Lynn Loeffler on Nov. 27 in Bloomington, Ill.; grows up in Stanford, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ill., and DePaul U. Am. economist Susan Carleton Athey on Nov. 29 in Boston, Mass.; educated at Duke U., and Stanford U. Canadian "Dr. Cristina Yang in Grey's Anatomy", "Eve Polastri in Killing Eve" actress Sandra Miju Oh on Nov. 30 in Napean (near Ottawa), Ont.; South Korean immigrant parents; becomes U.S. citizen in 2018. Finnish "Odo in Kingdom of Heaven" actor-strongman Jouko Ahola on Dec. 1 in Hameenlinna; world's strongest man 1997, 1999. Am. actress-comedian (Jewish) Sarah Kate Silverman on Dec. 1 in Bedford, N.H. Am. comic book writer Frank Tieri on Dec. 1 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "Stuart Bloom in The Big Bang Theory", "Walter in Ugly Betty" actor-comedian (Jewish) Kevin Sussman on Dec. 4 in Staten Island, N.J. Swedish rock musician Ulf Gunnar "Buddha" Ekberg (Ace of Base) on Dec. 6 in Goteborg. Am. "Rich Girl", "Walk Away" singer-songwriter Kara Elizabeth DioGuardi on Dec. 9 New Rochelle, N.Y.; of Italian and Albanian descent; daughter of N.Y. Repub. Rep. (1985-9) Joseph J. DioGuardi (1940-); educated at Duke U. Am. "Shelly Johnson in Twin Peaks" actress Madchen (Mädchen) Elaina Amick on Dec. 12 in Sparks, Nev. Am. "Alicia Nash in A Beautiful Mind" actress Jennifer Lynn Connelly on Dec. 12 in Catskill Mountains, N.Y. Am. "Save the Last Dance" actor Sean Patrick Thomas on Dec. 17 in Wilmington, Del. Am. "Corey in Addicted" actor (black) Tyson Beckford on Dec. 19 in Rochester, N.Y.; African-Panamanian descent father, Chinese-African-Jamaican descent mother. Canadian "Ezri Dax on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine" actress Nicole deBoer on Dec. 20 in Toronto. U.S. Sen. (R-Tex.) (2013-) (first Hispanic) Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz on Dec. 22 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Spanish-descent Cuban immigrant father, Am. Irish-Italian descent mother; educated at Princeton U., and Harvard U. Am. "You Are Not a Stranger Here" novelist Adam Haslett on Dec. 24 in Port Chester, N.Y.; grows up in Oxfordsire, England and Wellesley, Mass. educated at Swarthmore College, U. of Iowa, and Yale U. Dutch singer (black) Anita Danielle Doth (2 Unlimited) on Dec. 28 in Amsterdam. Am. singer Glen Phillips (Toad the Wet Sprocket) on Dec. 29 in Santa Barbara, Calif. French "Arnold Bluhm in The Constant Gardener" actor-dir. (black) Herbert Kounde (Koundé) on Dec. 30; Benin immigrant parents. Am. Repub. Trump admin. official Michael Anton on ? in Loomis, Calif.; educated at UCD, St. John's College, and Claremont Graduate U. Am. "Proof" playwright David Auburn on ? in Chicago, Ill.; educated at the U. of Chicago. North Korean "Dear Leader" writer Jang Jin-sung on ? in Sariwon; defects to South Korea in 2004. German "The Neglected Sun" geologist Sebastian Luning (Lüning) on ? in ?; educated at the U. of Gottingen, and U. of Bremen. Am. rock drummer Raymond "Ray" Luzier (Army of Anyone, Korn) on ? in Penn. English-Libyan "In the Country of Men" novelist Hisham Matar on ? in Manhattan, N.Y.; father is a Libyan U.N. employee; moves to England in 1986. Palestinian "Diasp/Renga" poet-writer Deema Shehabi on ? in Kuwait; educated at Tufts U., and Boston U. Deaths: Am. pathologist ("Founder of Occupational Medicine") Alice Hamilton (b. 1869) on Sept. 22 in Hadlyme, Conn.; first woman faculty member of Harvard U. (1919). British pipe-smoking agnostic philosopher-logician-pacifist Bertrand Russell (b. 1872) on Feb. 2 in Plas Penrhyn, Penrhyndeudraeth, Wales (influenza); pub. 50+ books; 1950 Nobel Lit. Prize: "It is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true"; "Men are born ignorant, not stupid. They are made stupid by education"; "Advocates of capitalism are very apt to appeal to the sacred principles of liberty, which are embodied in one maxim: The fortunate must not be restrained in the exercise of tyranny over the unfortunate"; "A process which led from the amoeba to man appeared to the philosophers to be obviously a progress though whether the amoeba would agree with this opinion is not known"; "War doesn't determine who's right, only who's left"; "If fifty million people say a foolish thing, it is still a foolish thing"; "Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: The longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind"; "The time you enjoy wasting is not wasted time"; "On the one hand, philosophy is to keep us thinking about things that we may come to know, and on the other hand to keep us modestly aware of how much that seems like knowledge isn't knowledge"; "Religion is something left over from the infancy of our intelligence. It will fade away as we adopt reason and science as our guidelines"; "I resolved from the beginning of my quest that I would not be misled by sentiment and desire into beliefs for which there was no good evidence"; "Unless you assume a God, the question of life's purpose is meaningless"; "Many people would sooner die than think; in fact, they do so"; "If a man is offered a fact which goes against his instincts, he will scrutinize it closely, and unless the evidence is overwhelming, he will refuse to believe it. If, on the other hand, he is offered something which affords a reason for acting in accordance to his instinct, he will accept it even on the slightest evidence. The origin of myths is explained in this way"; "Liberty is the right to do what I like; license, the right to do what you like"; "The secret to happiness is to face the fact that the world is horrible"; "To understand the actual world as it is, not as we should wish it to be, is the beginning of wisdom"; "There is something feeble and a little contemptible about a man who cannot face the perils of life without the help of comfortable myths"; "A happy life must be to a great extent a quiet life, for it is only in an atmosphere of quiet that true joy dare live"; "To fear love is to fear life, and those who fear life are already three parts dead"; "The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves and wiser people so full of doubts"; "It is not what the man of science believes that distinguishes him, but how and why he believes it. His beliefs are tentative, not dogmatic; they are based on evidence, not on authority or intuition"; "Man is the product of causes which had no prevision of the end they were achieving... his origin, growth, hopes and fears, his loves and beliefs, are but the outcome of accidental collocations of atoms... no fire, heroism, intensity of thought and feeling can preserve an individual life beyond the grave. All the labours of the ages, the devotion, the inspiration, the noonday brightness of human genius, are destined to extinction in the vast death of our solar system, and the temple of man's achievement must inevitably be buried beneath the debris of a universe in ruins." Am. Mormon Church pres. #9 David McKay (b. 1873) on Jan. 18 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Am. painter Romaine Brooks (b. 1874) on Dec. 7 in Nice, France; her lezzie partner Natalie Clifford Barney (b. 1876) survives until 1972. Am. arctic explorer Donald Baxter MacMillan (b. 1874) on Sept. 7 in Provincetown, Mass. Am. philosopher Harry Allen Overstreet (b. 1875) on Aug. 17 in Falls Church, Va.; "A person remains immature, whatever his age, as long as he thinks of himself as an exception to the human race"; "Christianity as an institutionalized religion has laid no stress on the pursuit of truth. Indeed, for the most part it has been suspicious of the truthseeking process. The truthseeker might overturn accepted beliefs." Am. Curtis Inst. of Music founder Mary Louise Curtis Bok Zimbalist (b. 1876) on Jan. 4 in Philadelphia, Penn. Russian patriarch #13 (1945-70) Alexy I (b. 1877) on Apr. 17 in Peredelkino (near Moscow) (heart failure). Am. "Peter Rabbit" illustrator Walter Harrison Cady (b. 1877). Am. gen. Benjamin Oliver Davis Sr. (b. 1877) on Nov. 26 in Chicago, Ill.; first African-Am. U.S. gen. English artist Dame Laura Knight (b. 1877) on July 7 in London. German Reichsbank pres. (1933-9) Hjalmar Schacht (b. 1877) on June 3 in Munich; only WWII concentration camp survivor tried at Nuremberg (acquitted). Am. newspaper publisher Raymond Cyrus Hoiles (b. 1878) on Oct. 31. English "A Room with a View", "Howards End", "A Passage to India" novelist E.M. Forster (b. 1879) on June 7 in Coventry, Warwickshire: "Death destroys a man; the idea of Death saves him"; "Will it really profit us so much if we save our souls and lose the whole world?"; "Only connect." Am. physician Francis Peyton Rous (b. 1879) on Feb. 16 in New York City; 1966 Nobel Med. Prize. French aviation pioneer Louis Bechereau (b. 1880) on Mar. 18 in Paris. U.S. Sen. (R-Vt.) Ralph Edward Flanders (b. 1880) on Feb. 19 in Springfield, Vt. Am. philanthropist Catherine Eddy Beveridge (b. 1881) on May 28. Russian Rev. provisional govt. leader Alexander Kerensky (b. 1881) on June 11 in New York City (heart disease). Am. businesswoman Hortense McQuarrie Odlum (b. 1881) on Jan. 12. Am. Piper Aircraft founder ("the Henry Ford of aviation") William T. Piper (b. 1881) on Jan. 15 in Lock Haven, Penn. (kidney failure). German-born British quantum physicist Max Born (b. 1882) on Jan. 5 in Gottingen, West Germany (heart failure); 1954 Nobel Physics Prize; the annual Max Born Prize is established in his honor by the German Physical Society and British Inst. of Physics. Scottish-born British air marshal Hugh Dowding (b. 1882) on Feb. 15 in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent; member of the Fairy Investigation Society. Scottish-born Am. sociologist Robert Morrison MacIver (b. 1882) on June 15. Am. Samsonite Co. (Colo.) founder Jesse Shwayder (b. 1882) on July 25 in Denver, Colo. Am. boxer Abe Attell (b. 1883) on Feb. 7 in New Paltz, N.Y. Am. contraption cartoonist Rube Goldberg (b. 1883) on Dec. 7 in New York City (cancer). German expressionist painter Erich Heckel (b. 1883) on Jan. 27 in Radolfzell. Am. "Think and Grow Rich" writer Napoleon Hill (b. 1883) on Nov. 8 in S.C. Italian-born French fashion designer Nina Ricci (b. 1883) on Nov. 30 in Paris. German physiologist-biochemist Otto Heinrich Warburg (b. 1883) on Aug. 1 in West Berlin. French PM (1933, 1934, 1938-40) Edouard Daladier (b. 1884) on Oct. 10 in Paris. Am. Dem. Colo. gov. #26 (1933-7) and #26 (1955-7) Edwin C. Johnson (b. 1884) on May 30 in Denver, Colo. Am. financier-yachtsman Harold S. Vanderbilt (b. 1884) on July 4 in Newport, R.I. German chancellor (1930-2) Heinrich Bruening (b. 1885) on Mar. 30 in Norwich, Conn. Am. "Glinda the Good Witch in the Wizard of Oz" actress Billie Burke (b. 1885) on May 14 in Los Angeles, Calif.; widow of Florenz Ziegfeld; once a renowned Broadway beauty, she had to become a film comedian to stay employed: "Oh, that sad and bewildering moment when you are no longer the cherished darling, but must turn the corner and try to be funny." Am. novelist Frances Parkinson Keyes (b. 1885) on July 3 in New Orleans, La. French Roman Catholic novelist-essayist Francois Mauriac (b. 1885) on Sept. 1 in Paris; 1952 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. Communist journalist-activist Anna Louise Strong (b. 1885) on Mar. 29 in Beijing ( heart attack). Israeli novelist Anzia Yezierska (b. 1885) on Nov. 21 in Ontario, Calif. (stroke). Belgian dramatist Fernand Crommelynck (b. 1886) on Mar. 17 in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye. Am. comedic actor Edward Everett Horton (b. 1886) on Sept. 29 in Encino, Calif. (cancer). Am. comedic actor Charlie Ruggles (b. 1886) on Dec. 23 in Santa Monica, Calif. (cancer). Canadian hockey-lacrosse star newsy Lalonde (b. 1887) on Nov. 21 in Montreal, Quebec. Scottish writer Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart (b. 1887) on Feb. 27. Am. Christ of the Ozarks sculptor Emmet Sullivan (b. 1887) on Nov. 3 in Rapid City, S.D. Israeli novelist Shmuel Yosef Agnon (b. 1888) on Feb. 17 in Rehovoh; 1966 Nobel Lit. Prize. English geophysicist Sydney Chapman (b. 1888) on June 16 in Golden Colo. (heart attack). Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (b. 1888) on Nov. 21 in Bangalore; 1930 Nobel Physics Prize. Italian writer Giuseppe Ungaretti (b. 1888) on June 2 in Milan. English historian Christopher Dawson (b. 1889) on May 25 in Budleigh Salterton. Am. "Perry Mason" author Erle Stanley Gardner (AKA A.A. Fair) (b. 1889) on Mar. 11 in Temecula, Calif.; founds the Court of Last Resort to help the unjustly imprisoned. Russian-born Am. labor activist Bessie Abramowitz Hillman (b. 1889) on Dec. 23 in New York City. Am. actress Marjorie Rambeau (b. 1889) on July 6. Portuguese dictator Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (b. 1889) on July 27 in Lisbon (pulmonary embolism). French pres. (1959-69) Charles de Gaulle (b. 1890) on Nov. 9 in Colombey-les-Deux-Eglises (aortic aneurysm); founder of the French Fifth Repub. (1958); NBC-TV reporter Edwin Newman wins a Legion d'Honneur for his coverage of the funeral: "The state is a cold monster"; "How can you govern a country that has 400 varieties of cheese?"; "The better I get to know men, the more I find myself loving dogs." U.S. treasury secy. #55 (1953-7) George Magoffin Humphrey (b. 1890) on Jan. 20 in Cleveland, Ohio (heart failure). Lithuanian-born Am. bassoonist Simon Kovar (b. 1890) on Jan. 17 in Encino, Calif. Polish-born Am. actor Menasha Skulnik (b. 1890) on June 4 in New York City. Am. Va. gov. #57 (1954-8) Thomas B. Stanley (b. 1890) on July 10 in Stanleytown, Va. Am. U.S. Capitol architect (1954-70) John George Stewart (b. 1890) on May 24 in Washington, D.C. Am. philosopher (founder of Logical Empiricism) Rudolf Carnap (b. 1891) on Sept. 14 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. modern bra inventor Caresse Crosby (Mary Phelps Jacob) (b. 1891) on Jan. 26 in Rome, Italy (pneumonia and heart disease). Swiss writer John Knittel (b. 1891) on Apr. 26 in Maienfeld, Graubunden. German-born Swedish "O the Chimneys" poet-playwright Nelly Sachs (b. 1891) on May 12 in Stockholm; 1966 Nobel Lit. Prize. British Field Marshal William J. Slim (b. 1891) on Dec. 14 in St. Marylebone, London. Am. geneticist Alfred Sturtevant (b. 1891) on Apr. 5 in Pasadena, Calif. Am. "Billy the Kid vs. Dracula" dir.-actor William "One Shot" Beaudine (b. 1892) on Mar. 18 in Canoga Park, Calif. (uremic poisoning); the film industry's oldest working prof. at time of death. Hungarian-born Am. Dolly Sister Rosie Dolly (b. 1892) on Feb. 1 in New York City (heart attack); interred with her sister Jenny Dolly (d. 1941) at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, Calif. Am. "Middletown" sociologist Robert Straughton Lynd (b. 1892) on Nov. 1 in New York City. Austrian-bornu Am. architect Richard Joseph Neutra (b. 1892) on Apr. 16 in Wuppertal, West Germany; designed the Orange County Courthouse in Santa Ana, Calif. British air chief marshal Sir Richard Peirse (b. 1892) on Aug. 5. Am. actress Lenore Ulric (b. 1892) on Dec. 30 in Orangeburg, N.Y. Canadian economist Jacob Viner (b. 1892) on Sept. 12. Soviet field marshal Andrey Yermenko (b. 1892) on Nov. 19 in Moscow. English feminist writer Vera Brittain (b. 1893) on Mar. 29 in Wimbledon: "Politics are usually the executive expression of human immaturity." U.S. Marine Corps commandant #19 (1948-51) gen. Clifton B. Cates (b. 1893) on June 4 in Annapolis, Md.; in WWI he utters the soundbyte "I have no one on my left and only a few on my right; I will hold." Am. critic-essayist-naturalist Joseph Wood Krutch (b. 1893) on May 22 in Tucson, Ariz. (colon cancer): "If you drive a car at 70 mph, you can't do anything but keep the monster under control"; "Civilizations die from philosophical calm, irony, and the sense of fair play quite as surely as they die of debauchery" - say again? German-born Am. Gestalt Therapy psychiatrist Fritz Perls (b. 1893) on Mar. 17 in Chicago, Ill. Austrian mathematician-physicist Marietta Blau (b. 1894) on Jan. 27 in Vienna (cancer). English welterweight boxing champ (1915-6, 1917-9) Ted "Kid" Lewis (b. 1893) on Oct. 20; 193-32-14 incl. 80 KOs. German philosopher Friedrich Pollock (b. 1894) on Dec. 16 in Montagnola, Ticino, Switzerland. Am. microwave oven inventor (1945) Percy Lebaron Spencer (b. 1894) on Sept. 8 in Newton, Mass.; his invention still costs too much for the masses until the 1990s. Am. helicopter designer Henry Berliner (b. 1895) on May 1. Mexican reformer pres. (1934-40) Lazaro Cardenas (b. 1895) on Oct. 19. Am. archbishop of Boston (1944-70) Cardinal Richard Cushing (b. 1895) on Nov. 2 in Boston, Mass. German Vice-Adm. Friedrich Frisius (b. 1895) on Aug. 30 in Lingen. French "Pan Trilogy" novelist Jean Giono (b. 1895) on Oct. 8 in Manosque, Provence. English military strategist Capt. Basil Liddell Hart (b. 1895) on Jan. 29: "The chief incalculable in war is the human will." Am. silent film actress Edna Mayo (b. 1895) on May 5 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. whacked-off Repub. rep. and HUAC chmn. J. Parnell Thomas (b. 1895) on Nov. 19 in St. Petersburg, Fla.; convicted in 1948 of padding congressional payrolls and pardoned by Pres. Truman on Xmas Eve 1952. Soviet Field Marshal Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (b. 1895) on Mar. 30 in Moscow. Mexican archeologist Alfonso Caso y Andrade (b. 1896) on Nov. 30 in Mexico City. Am. journalist Louis Fischer (b. 1896) on Jan. 15 in Princeton, N.J. Am. Manhattan Project Gen. Leslie R. Groves (b. 1896) on July 13 in Washington, D.C. (heart disease). Am. "Life is Just a Bowl of Cherries", "The Thrill is Gone", "I'm Sitting on Top of the World", "Button Up Your Overcoat", "Keep Your Sunny Side Up" songwriter Ray Henderson (b. 1896) on Dec. 31 in Greenwich, Conn. Am. Calif. gov. #31 (1953-9) Goodwin Knight (b. 1896) on May 22 in Inglewood, Calif. (stroke). Am. historian Oliver Waterman Larkin (b. 1896) on Dec. 17. Am. "U.S.A." novelist John Dos Passos (b. 1896) on Sept. 28 in Baltimore, Md. Am. "Hollywood, the Dream Factory" anthropologist Hortense Powdermaker (b. 1896) on June 15 in Berkeley, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Try a Little Tenderness" songwriter Harry M. Woods (b. 1896) on Jan. 14 in Glendale, Ariz. Am. poet Louise Bogan (b. 1897) on Feb. 4 in New York City: "I cannot believe that the inscrutable universe turns on an axis of suffering; surely the strange beauty of the world must somewhere rest on pure joy!" Am. "The Mysterious Lady" actor Conrad Nagel (b. 1897) on Feb. 24 in New York City (heart attack). Hungarian-born Am. Cleveland Orchestra (since 1946) conductor George Szell (b. 1897) on July 30 in Cleveland, Ohio (heart attack); greatest conductor since Toscanini, preferring democracy in politics and aristocracy in music? Norwegian novelist Tarjei Vesaas (b. 1897) on Mar. 15. French gen. Marie-Pierre Koenig (b. 1898) on Sept. 2 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. German expatriate "All Quiet on the Western Front" novelist Erich Maria Remarque (b. 1898) on Sept. 25 in Locarno, Switzerland (aortic aneurysm); buried near Lake Maggiore. Am. "Merrily We Roll Along" songwriter Charles Tobias (b. 1898) on July 7 in Manhasset, Long Island, N.Y. Hungarian-born Am. architect Roland Anthony Wank (b. 1898) on Apr. 22 in New Rochelle, N.Y.; designed Cincinnati Union Terminal. British conductor Sir John Barbirolli (b. 1899) on July 29 in London; left the New York Philharmonic Symphony to conduct the Halle Orchestra in Manchester. Am. financier Richard King Mellon (b. 1899) on June 3 in Pittsburgh, Penn. (heart failure); last leader of the Mellon empire in Pittsburgh. French gen. (CIC in Vietnam) Jean-Etienne Valluy (b. 1899) on Jan. 4 in Paris. Am. actor Preston Foster (b. 1900) on July 14 in La Jolla, Calif. Am. country musician Clayton McMichen (b. 1900) on Jan. 4 in Battletown, Ky. Am. "Old Farmer's Almanac" and "Yankee" mag. publisher Robb Sagendorph (b. 1900) on July 4. Am. Tenn. Scopes Monkey Trial schoolteacher John Thomas Scopes (b. 1900) on Oct. 21 in Shreveport, La. (cancer). English silent film actor Patrick Aherne (b. 1901) on Sept. 30 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. "Sweet Bird of Youth" actor Ed Begley (b. 1901) on Apr. 28 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack). Am. journalist-novelist John Gunther (b. 1901) on May 29 in New York City (cancer). Am. "Boston Blackie" actor Chester Morris (b. 1901) on Sept. 11 in New Hope, Pa. (sleeping pill OD). Am. composer-conductor Alfred Newman (b. 1901) on Feb. 17 in Hollywood, Calif.; composed 300+ movie scores and won eight Academy Awards - what, me worry? Indonesian pres. #1 (1945-67) Sukarno (b. 1901) on June 21 in Jakarta. Am. "Good Will Hour" radio personality John J. Anthony (b. 1902) on July 16 in San Francisco, Calif. (heart attack). English "The Inn of the Sixth Happiness" Protestant missionary (to China) Gladys Aylward (b. 1902) on Jan. 3 in Taipei, Taiwan (pneumonia). Am. Penguin Books founder Sir Allen Lane (b. 1902) on July 7 in Northwood, Middlesex. Am. banjo player Eddie Peabody (b. 1902) on Nov. 7 in Covington, Ky. (brain hemorrhage). Am. poet Lorine Niedecker (b. 1903) on Dec. 31 in Black Hawk Island near Fort Atkinson, Wisc. (cerebral hemorrhage). Am. auto racer Kelly Petillo (b. 1903) on June 30 in Los Angeles, Calif. Latvian-born Am. abstract expressionist painter Mark Rothko (b. 1903) on Feb. 25 in New York City (OD/suicide): "The only thing I care about is the expression of man's basic emotions: tragedy, ecstasy, destiny." English historian A.H.M. Jones (b. 1904) on Apr. 9 (heart attack); dies at sea en route to Thessaloniki. English-born Hollywood makeup artist Perc Westmore (b. 1904) on Sept. 30 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Singin' in the Rain' composer Roger Edens (b. 1905) on July 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Soviet MiG aircraft designer Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan (b. 1905) on Dec. 9. Am. abstract expressionist painter-sculptor Barnett Newman (b. 1905) on July 4 in New York City (heart attack): "What is the explanation of the seemingly insane drive of man to be painter and poet if it is not an act of defiance against man's fall and an assertion that he return to the Garden of Eden? For the artists are the first men." Am. "Appointment in Samarra" novelist John O'Hara (b. 1905) on Apr. 11 in Princeton, N.J. (heart disease); dies bitter that he didn't get a Nobel Lit. Prize. South African writer Nicolaas Petrus van Wyk Louw (b. 1906) on June 18 in Johannesburg. Am. actor Sully Mason (b. 1906) on Nov. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. labor leader Walter P. Reuther (b. 1907) on May 9 (plane crash en route from Detroit to Blake Lake, Mich.). Russian-born French dramatist Arthur Adamov (b. 1908) on Mar. 16 in Paris (suicide by OD). English "The Small Back Room" novelist Nigel Balchin (b. 1908) on May 17 in London. Am. "G.I. Joe" cartoonist Dave Breger (b. 1908) on Jan. 16. Am. "Hierarchy of Human Needs" humanistic psychologist Abraham Harold Maslow (b. 1908) on June 8 in Menlo Park, Calif. (heart attack); dies after completing 1 year of a 4-year program to investigate the nature of evil in man - fell through the trap door in the hierarchy? Am. golfer Johnny Goodman (b. 1909) on Aug. 8 in South Gate, Calif. Canadian psychiatrist Eric L. Berne (b. 1910) on July 15 in Monterrey, Calif. (heart attack). British author-explorer Adrian Conan Doyle (b. 1910) on June 3; son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Am. country musician Salty Holmes (b. 1910) on Jan. 1. Singapore's pres. #1 (1965-) Yusof bin Ishak (b. 1910) on Nov. 23. Am. poet Charles Olson (b. 1910) on Jan. 10. Am. UMW leader Joseph A. Yablonski (b. 1910) on Jan. 5; found shot dead in his home. Am. stripper-actress-author Gypsy Rose Lee (b. 1911) on Apr. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. actor Sonny Tufts (b. 1911) on June 4 in Santa Monica, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. singer-violinist Aladdin (b. 1912) on June 9 in Van Nuys, Calif. Am. Olympic bobsledder Stan Benham (b. 1913) on Apr. 22 in Miami, Fla. (heart attack). Am. actress Frances Farmer (b. 1913) on Aug. 1 in Indianapolis, Ind. (cancer). Am. football coach Vince Lombardi (b. 1913) on Sept. 3 in Washington, D.C. (intestinal cancer); coached the Green Bay Packers to six div. and five NFL titles in nine seasons between 1959-67, leading the Washington Redskins to their first winning season in 14 years: "Winning isn't everything, it's the only thing." British Conservative politician Ian Macleod (b. 1913) on July 20 (heart attack). Am. anthropologist Oscar Lewis (b. 1914) on Dec. 16 in New York City (heart attack). Am. "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother" songwriter Bob Russell (b. 1914) in Feb. (cancer). Am. actor-dir. Frank Silvera (b. 1914) on June 11 in Pasadena, Calif. (accidentally electrocuted). Am. country singer Curley Williams (b. 1914) on Sept. 5 in Montgomery, Ala. Am. historian Richard Hofstadter (b. 1915) on Oct. 24/25 in New York City (leukemia): "I offer trial models of historical interpretation"; "I hate capitalism and everything that goes with it." Am. actress Anita Louise (b. 1915) on Apr. 25 in West Los Angeles, Calif. (stroke). Am. atty. James Britt Donovan (b. 1916) on Jan. 19 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. Chinese history scholar Mary Clabaugh Wright (b. 1917) on June 18; first female full prof. at Yale U., and first female trustee of Wesleyan U. (1969). Egyptian pres. #2 (1956-70) Gamal Abd-Al Nasser (b. 1918) on Sept. 28 in Cairo (heart attack). Am. humorist Herb Shriner (b. 1918) on Apr. 23 near Delray Beach, Fla. (automobile accident). Romanian poet Paul Celan (b. 1920) on Apr. 20 in France (drowns himself in the Seine River after being accused of plagiarism by Yvan Goll). Am. "Jethro" enterainer Henry D. Haynes (b. 1920) on Aug. 7 in Hammond, Ind. Austrian-born British physicist Hans Kronberger (b. 1920) on Sept. 29. Am. TV comedian Hal March (b. 1920) on Jan. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer); MC of "The $64,000 Question" in 1955-8. Am. physician-wrestler Sam "the Killer" Sheppard (b. 1923) on Apr. 6 (liver failure); the coroner finds two quarts of vodka, six phenobarbitols, and 100 mg. of Librium in his stomach. Yugoslavian king (1934-45) Peter II (b. 1923) on Nov. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. (liver failure). Am. economist Alfred Haskell Conrad (b. 1924) on Oct. 18 in Peacham, Vt. (suicide). Soviet cosmonaut Pavel Ivanovich Belyayev (b. 1925) on Jan. 10 in Moscow (peritonitis). Japanese writer Yukio Mishima (b. 1925) on Nov. 25 in Tokyo (suicide); commits seppuku after founding the imperialist Shield Society, a private army opposed to Japan's anti-war constitution, then invading the HQ of the Self-Defense Forces in downtown Tokyo with four followers and giving a balcony speech seeking to restore the emperor's power and avenge the disgrace of WWII, and getting laughed off; wrote 40 novels, 18 plays, 20 books of short stories, and 20 books of essays - the good gut themselves young? Am. blues musician Earl Hooker (b. 1929) on Apr. 21 in Chicago, Ill. (TB). Swedish-Am. actress Inger Stevens (b. 1933) on Apr. 30 in Hollywood, Calif. (suicide via OD on Tedral and alcohol) - going my way? Am. basketball player Maurice Stokes (b. 1933) on Apr. 6, 1970 (heart attack). Am. jazz musician Albert Ayler (b. 1936) on Nov. 25 in East River, N.Y. (suicide after jumping off the Statue of Liberty ferry): "Trane was the Father, Pharoah was the Son, I am the Holy Ghost." German-born Am. sculptor Eva Hesse (b. 1936) on May 29 in New York City (brain tumor). Dominican world lightweight "gentleman of the ring" boxing champ Carlos (Teo) Cruz (b. 1937) on Feb. 15. Austrian auto racer Karl Jochen Rindt (b. 1942) in Monza (near Milan), Italy; killed in practice for the Italian Grand Prix, becoming the first driver to win the Formula One World Drivers' Championship posth. (until ?) - the good die young? The Fabled 27 Club gets three new members in a month? Am. drugged-out rock star Jimi Hendrix (b. 1942) on Sept. 18 in London (OD); his German figure skater girlfriend Monika Dannemann (1945-96) calls Eric Burdon from their basement apt. in the Samarkand Hotel on 22 Lansdowne Crescent to tell him that he won't wake up, and he tells her to call an ambulance; he took nine Vesperax sleeping pills and choked on his own vomit?; she is later accused of killing him because there was a scarf tied around his neck, and ends up committing suicide; Hendrix leaves an estate worth only $500K; an auction of his personal belongings brings only $21K: "When the power of love overcomes the love of power, the world will know peace." Am. drugged-out rock star Janis Joplin (b. 1943) on Oct. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. (OD at Highland Gardens Hotel in Hollywood Heights). Am. Canned Heat singer Alan Wilson (b. 1943) on Sept. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. (OD). German assassin Josef Bachmann (b. 1944) on Feb. 23/24 (suicide in prison). Am. football player Brian Piccolo (b. 1943) on June 16 in New York City (cancer) - the good die young? Am. soul singer Tammi Terrell (b. 1945) on Mar. 16 in Philadelphia, Penn. (brain tumor); her death causes her singing partner Marvin Gaye to quit the music biz for two years - the good die young? British Olympic athlete Lillian Board (b. 1948) on Dec. 26 in Munich, Germany (colon cancer) - the good die young?



1971 - The 420 Topcoat Ping-Pong Bang-a-Gong Bangladesh Pentagon Papers Floppy Disk Grammy Workaholic American Pie Year? The international political system changes forever as Sleeping Giant China ends its centuries of isolation and takes off its topcoat, coming out swinging Commie ping-pong paddles and handing out irresistible little pandas, nevert mention the bamboo die-off? Meanwhile the fledgling U.S. microprocessor industry begins its blastoff to exponential growth, ending up employing a large share of Baby Boomer brains by the end of the century?

Zhuang Zedong (1940-2013) and Glenn Cowan (1952-2004) John Kerry (1943-), Apr. 22, 1971 Daniel Ellsberg (1931-2023) Daniel Ellsberg (1931-2023) and Anthony Russo (1936-2008) Neil Sheehan (1936-) Attica Prison Riot, Sept. 9-13, 1971 Samuel Melville (1934-71) Kurt Josef Waldheim of Austria (1918-2007) Idi Amin Dada of Uganda (1925-2003) Jean-Claude 'Baby Doc' Duvalier of Haiti (1951-2014) Sheik Mujibur Rahman of Bangladesh (1920-75) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan (1928-79) Ismail Nihat Erim of Turkey (1912-80) Siaka Probyn Stevens of Sierra Leone (1905-88) Trygve Martin Bratteli of Norway (1910-84) Thanom Kittikachorn of Thailand (1911-2004) Dzemal Bijedic of Yugoslavia (1917-77) Sir William McMahon of Australia (1908-88) Arthur Briane Deane Faulkner of North Ireland (1921-77) Col. Hugo Banzer Suarez of Bolivia (1926-2002) Ramon Ernesto Cruz of Honduras (1903-85) Adam Malik of Indonesia (1917-) Kim Dae-jung of South Korea (1925-) Carl Bert Albert of the U.S. (1908-2000) John B. Connally Jr. of the U.S. (1917-93) Romana Acosta Bańuelos of the U.S. (1925-) George Herbert Walker Bush of the U.S. (1924-) U.S. Gen. John Daniel Lavelle (1916-79) South Vietnamese Gen. Hoang Xuan Lam (1928-2017) Giovanni Leone of Italy (1908-2001) Gen. Alejandro Agustin Lanusse of Argentina (1918-96) Gen. Emilio Garrastazu Medici of Brazil (1905-85) Gen. Liber Seregni of Uruguay (1916-2004) Juan Maria Bordaberry Arocena of Uruguay (1928-) Sheik Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa of Bahrain (1933-99) Sheik Ahmed bin Ali bin Abdullah Al-Thani of Qatar (1917-77) Sheik Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan of Abu Dhabi (1918-2004) Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa of Bahrain (1935-) Dominic Mintoff of Malta (1916-) Philip Francis Berrigan (1923-2002) Ted Kennedy of the U.S. (1932-2009) Charles Mathias Jr. of the U.S. (1922-2010) John Daniel Ehrlichman of the U.S. (1925-99) Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. (1907-98) William Hubbs Rehnquist of the U.S. (1924-2005) Mildred Lillie (1915-2002) Bob Dole of the U.S. (1923-) Robert Samuel Kerr of the U.S. (1896-1963) John Little McClellan (1896-1977) William Grenville Davis of Canada (1929-) Margaret Trudeau of Canada (1948-) Sir William McMahon of Australia (1908-88) Erich Honecker of East Germany (1912-94) Hastings Kamuzu Banda of Malawi (1896-1997) William Richard Tolbert Jr. of Liberia (1913-80) Rev. Ian Paisley of North Ireland (1926-2014) Olafur Johannesson of Iceland (1913-84) Earl Lauer Butz of the U.S. (1909-2008) Martha Wright Griffiths of the U.S. (1912-2003) Efraim Elrom of Israel (-1971) Sheikh Abdullah Nimar Darwish of Israel (1948-) Raed Salah of Israel (1958-) Apollo 14 Crew Apollo 15 Crew James Dillet Freeman (1912-2003) Vladimir Shatalov of the Soviet Union (1927-) Alexei Yeliseyev of the Soviet Union (1943-) Nikolai Rukavishnikov of the Soviet Union (1932-2002) The Wilmington Ten Moses Carl Holman (1919-88) Rev. Jerry Falwell (1933-2007) Jesse Jackson (1941-) Coretta Scott King (1927-2006) Iron Eyes Cody (1905-99) Renner LeRoy Forbes (1929-) David Fraser Nolan (1943-2010) U.S. Vice-Adm. Samuel Lee Gravely Jr. (1922-2004) Barend Willem Biesheuvel of Netherlands (1920-2001) Russian Orthodox Patriarch Pimen I (1910-90) Pope Shenouda III (1923-2012) Daniel Schorr (1916-2010) Chuck Dederich (1913-97) Robert Christian Hansen (1939-2014) Jim Morrison (1943-71) and Pamela Susan Courson (1946-74) Richard Nixon (1913-94) and Tricia Nixon Cox (1946-), June 12, 1971 Edward Ridley Finch Cox (1946-) Dr. Alex Comfort (1920-2000) George Crile Jr. (1908-92) Leon Howard Sullivan (1922-2001) Fight of the Century, Mar. 8, 1971 Chuck Howley (1936-) Lee Trevino (1939-) Richard Petty (1937-) Brian Piccolo (1943-70) Gale Sayers (193-2020) Ken Dryden (1947-) Guy Lafleur (1951-) Lester B. Pearson Trophy Mike Limongello (1945-) Steve Prefontaine of the U.S. (1951-75) Bob Dandridge (1947-) John David Newcombe (1944-) Evonne Goolagong (1951-) Stanley Roger Smith (1946-) Antonio Ordonez (Ordóńez) (1932-98) Pierre Ramond (1943-) André Neveu (1946-) John Henry Schwarz (1941-) Jean-Loup Gervais (1936-) Bunji Sakita (1930-2002) Yuri Golfand (1922-94) Frank Serpico (1936-) Joseph Colombo (1914-78) Joseph 'Joey' 'Crazy Joe' Gallo (1929-72) Frank Sheeran (1920-) Sgt. John V. Young (1920-71) Thomas Hart Benton (1889-1975) Willem van Eijk (1941-) Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009) Joan Baez (1941-) Jules Feiffer (1929-) Thomas McGuane (1939-) Bruce Nathan Ames (1928-) Leon Ong Chua (1936-) Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003) Robert Trivers (1943-) Sir John Robert Vane (1927-2004) Robert Burns Woodward (1917-79) Yoshio Masui (1931-) L. Dennis Smith Ray Tomlinson (1941-) Bowmar Brain, 1971 Intel 4004, 1971 Ted Hoff (1937-) Federico Faggin (1941-) Masatoshi Shima (1943-) Stanley Mazor (1941-) TI-3000, 1972 Gary Boone (1945-2013) John V. Blankenbaker (1930-) Kenbak-1, 1971 Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (1919-2004) William Henry Oldendorf (1925-92) Raj Reddy (1937-) V.S. Naipaul (1932-2018), Michael Stern Hart (1947-) Gerhard Herzberg (1904-99) Frank Gasparro (1909-2001) Willy Brandt of West Germany (1913-92) Herman Bell Pablo Neruda (1904-73) Dennis Gabor (1900-79) Gerhard Herzberg (1904-99) Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. (1915-74) Simon Smith Kuznets (1901-85) Hubert Horace Lamb (1913-97) Daniel Keith Ludwig (1897-1992) J.C. Bhattacharyya (1930-2012) Oscar Zeta Acosta (1935-74) Saul David Alinsky (1909-72) Raymond Andrews (1934-91) J.G. Ballard (1930-2009) Sandra Bem (1944-) Earle Birney (1904-95) William Peter Blatty (1928-2017) Robert Bloch (1917-94) Peter Breggin (1936-) Peter Brown (1935-) Frederick Buechner (1926-) Charles Bukowski (1920-94) Barry Commoner (1917-) Michael Cook (1933-94) Stephen Arthur Cook (1939-) Paulette Marcia Cooper (1942-) Didier Decoin (1945-) Midge Decter (1927-) Carl Neumann Degler (1921-2004) Norman Dubie (1945-) Loren Eiseley (1907-77) Werner Erhard (1935-) Philip Jose Farmer (1918-2009) Jacques Forestier (1890-1978) E.M. Forster (1879-1970) Frederick Forsyth (1938-) 'The Day of the Jackal' by Frederick Forsyth (1938-), 1971 Nicholas Gage (1939-) John Gardner (1933-82) George Garrett (1929-2008) William Howard Gass (1924-) Addison Gayle Jr. (1932-91) Paul Goma (1935-) Simon Gray (1936-2008) Lester Grinspoon (1928-) Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018) Thom Gunn (1929-2004) Lars Gustafsson (1936-) Dorothy Hewitt (1923-2002) S.E. Hinton (1950-) Sandra Hochman (1936-) John Hollander (1929-) P.D. James (1920-) Michael F. Jacobson (1943-) B.S. Johnson (1933-73) Madison Jones (1925-) John Oliver Killens (1916-87) Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91) Hans Küng (1928-) Pascal Lainé (1942-) Gavin Lambert (1924-2005) Frances Moore Lappé (1944-) David Levering Lewis (1936-) Robert Ludlum (1927-2001), Alistair MacLean (1922-87) Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006) Norman Mailer (1923-2007) Bernard Malamud (1914-86) Ana Maria Matute (1926-) James A. Michener (1907-97) Robert L. Middlekauff (1929-) Merle Miller (1919-86) Gilbert Moore (1936-) Samuel Eliot Morison (1887-1976) David Niven (1910-83) Wayne E. Oates (1917-99) Charles Olson (1910-70) Linda Pastan (1932-) Alice Paul (1885-1977) Martha Wright Griffiths of the U.S. (1912-2003) Melvin Van Peebles (1932-) V.S. Pritchett (1900-97) 'The Anarchist Cookbook' by William Powell (1950-), 1971 John Rawls (1921-2002) John Rechy (1934-) Tomas Rivera (1935-84) Philip Roth (1933-2018) Ali Salem (1936-2015) Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88) Alice Schwarzer (1942-) Hubert Selby Jr. (1928-2004) Karl Shapiro (1913-2000) B.F. Skinner (1904-90) Wallace Stegner (1909-93) Muriel Spark (1918-2006) Mickey Spillane (1918-2006) George Steiner (1929-) Irving Stone (1903-89) Jonathan Strong (1944-) Sir Keith Thomas (1933-) Thomas Tryon (1926-91) Gore Vidal (1925-2012) Joseph Wambaugh (1937-) David Williamson (1942-) Herman Wouk (1915-) James Arlington Wright (1927-80) Jay Wright (1934-) Frank McGee (1921-74) Frederick Wallace Smith (1944-) Federal Express Logo Philip George Zimbardo (1933-) John Casablancas (1942-) Paulina Porizkova (1965-) Jay Wright Forrester (1918-2016) Ernest J. Gaines (1933-) Eduardo Galeano (1940-) Thaddeus Golas (1924-97) Irving Lester Janis (1918-90) Don DeLillo (1936-) Assar Lindbeck (1930-) Golo Mann (1909-94) Samuel Menashe (1925-) John O'Keefe Jonathan O. Dostrovsky Terry Pratchett (1948-) Marcus Raskin (1934-) Angelo Rinaldi (1940-) Jerome Irving Rodale (1898-1971) Robert David Rodale (1930-90) Ida Pauline Rolf (1896-1979) Mike Royko (1932-97) Willy Russell (1947-) Klaus Martin Schwab (1938-) Stephen Lawrence Schwartz (1948-) Ramon Sender (1934-) Delia Smith (1941-) Gerald Stern (1925-) Diane Wakoski (1937-) Alice Waters (1944-) G.A. Wells (1926-2017) Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91) Mick Jagger (1943-) and Bianca Jagger (1950-) David Geffen (1943-) Den Fujita (1926-2004) Marc Bolan (1947-77) Steve Tilson (1950-) 'American Pie', by Don McLean (1945-) Charley Pride (1934-2020) The Doobie Brothers Eagles Billy Joel (1949-) Tom Jones (1940-) Helen Reddy (1941-) 'Tapestry' by Carole King (1942-), 1971 'Imagine' by John Lennon (1940-80), 1971 John Lennon's Pig Postcard, 1971 'Ram' by Paul McCartney (1942-) and Linda McCartney (1941-98), 1971 Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022) Bonnie Raitt (1949-) Carly Simon (1945-) 'Every Picture Tells a Story' by Rod Stewart (1945-), 1971 'Sticky Fingers' by the Rolling Stones, 1971 REO Speedwagon Yes Earth, Wind and Fire 'Led Zeppelin IV', 1971 ELO Little Feat Loggins and Messina Sandy Denny (1947-78) Dolly Parton (1946-) Herbie Mann (1930-2003) Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen Tom Clay (1929-95) Mahavishnu Orchestra Lee Michaels (1945-) Pharoah Sanders (1940-) Jimmie Spheeris (1949-84) Bill Withers (1938-) Thin Lizzy Pierre Boulez (1925-) Bay City Rollers New Riders of the Purple Sage Brownsville Mockingbird Middle of the Road Cheech (1946-) and Chong (1938-) 'Soul Train', 1971-2006 Jon Voight (1938-) and Marcheline Bertrand (1950-2007) Mario Davidovsky (1934-) Gian Carlo Menotti (1911-2007) Julius Rudel (1921-) James Lawrence Levine (1943-) Arthur Mitchell (1934-) Artie Mitchell (1945-91) and Jim Mitchell (1944-2007) Vivienne Westwood (1941-) Malcolm McLaren (1946-2010) 'The Plastic Ono Band Tim Rice (1944-) and Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-) 'Jesus Christ Superstar' (musical), 1971 Alistair Cooke (1908-2004) 'All in the Family', 1971-83 'Cannon', 1971-8 'Columbo', starring Peter Falk (1927-), 1971-8 'McMillan and Wife', starring Rock Hudson (1925-85) and Susan Saint James (1946-), 1971-7 'McCloud', starring Dennis Weaver (1924-2006), 1970-7 'Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law', 1971-4 'The Smith Family', 1971-2 'The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour', Sonny Bono (1935-98) and Cher (1946-), 1971-4 Sandy Duncan (1946-) Fay Weldon (1931-) 'Upstairs, Downstairs', 1971-5 David Rabe (1940-) 'The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel', 1971 'Follies', 1971 'No Sex Please, Were British', 1971 'Sticks and Bones', 1971 '10 Rillington Place', 1971 'The Andromeda Strain', 1971 'Big Jake', 1971 'Billy Jack', starring Tom Laughlin (1931-), 1971 'A Clockwork Orange', 1971 'Dirty Harry', starring Clint Eastwood (1930-), 1971 'Diamonds Are Forever' starring Sean Connery (1930-) and Jill St. John (1940-), 1971 'Dracula v. Frankenstein', 1971 'The French Connection', 1971 'Get Carter', 1971 'The Go-Between', 1971 'Johnny Got His Gun' starring Timothy Bottoms (1951-), 1971 'Johnny Got His Gun' starring Timothy Bottoms (1951-), 1971 'Johnny Got His Gun' starring Timothy Bottoms (1951-), 1971 'King Lear', 1971 John Gavin (1931-) 'Macbeth', 1971 'Mary, Queen of Scots', 1971 'The Last Picture Show', 1971 'McCabe & Mrs. Miller', 1971 'The Omega Man', 1971 'Shaft', 1971 Isaac Hayes (1942-2008) 'Stork', 1971 'Summer of 42', 1971 'Sunday Bloody Sunday', 1971 'THX 1138', 1971 'Together', 1971 'Vanishing Point', 1971 Wes Craven (1939-2015) Philip H. Knight (1938-) Nike Logo, 1971 'Elegy to the Spanish Republic, No. 110' by Robert Motherwell, 1971 'I Am Coming, Henry Henry' by Larry Rivers (1923-2002), 1971 The Tasadays, 1971 'Sugar Shack' by Ernie Barnes, 1971 W. Eugene Smith (1918-78) 'Minamata' by W. Eugene Smith (1918-78), 1971 'Thanksgiving Leaf' by Mark Tobey (1890-1976), 1971 Robert Paxton McCulloch (1911-77) London Bridge, Lake Havasu City, Arizona, 1971 New York Islanders Logo Denis Potvin (1953-) WHA Winnipeg Jets Logo Arizona Coyotes Logo Hartford Whalers Logo Carolina Hurricanes Logo World Hockey Assoc. Logo Calgary Broncos Logo Cleveland Crusaders Logo Edmonton Oilers Logo Minnesota Fighting Saints Logo St. Paul Civic Center, 1973 Denver Art Museum, 1971 Gio Ponti (1891-1979) Avco Cup Wonka Bar, 1971 Starbucks, 1971 Howard Schultz (1953-) Armand Vaillancourt (1929-) Vaillancourt Fountain, 1971 T.L. Winslow (TLW) (1953-), 1971

1971 Doomsday Clock: 10 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Pig (Jan. 27). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-94). The U.S. balance of payments tanks this year, causing the balance of trade to go negative for the 1st time since 1888 ($2.05B), setting off a chain reaction that shakes internat. trade and finance by the end of the year. Japan's GNP per capita: $2,195 (vs. $9,925 in 1981); trade surplus with the U.S.: $3.2B (vs. $15.8B in 1981); private sector employment: 51M (vs. 54M in 1981). U.S. troops in Vietnam by end of year: 200K (vs. a peak of 534K in mid-1969); Henry Kissinger talks Pres. Nixon out of withdrawing all of them because it might cost him reelection next year. The avg. U.S. taxpayer gives the govt. $400 for defense, $125 for the Vietnam War, $315 for health care ($7 for medical research), $40 for highways, and $30 to explore outer space. The U.S. EPA begins a 25-year program to phase-out lead in gasoline by 1996. The worst drought in Afghan history begins (ends 1972), killing 100K - why should anybody care about that remote corner of the world? This year the U.S. airline accident rate is the lowest in 23 years, and the 3rd year in a row in which there is a reduction; pressured by the Assoc. of Flight Attendants (AFA), U.S. courts rule that United Airline's no-marriage rule for stewardesses is illegal, as is the no-male rule. Jewish feminists Gloria Steinem, Letty Cottin Pogrebin, and Patricia Carbine found Ms. Mag., a preview issue being pub. as a sample insert in New York (not New Yorker) mag., which sells out 300K copies in eight days, and contains the soundbyte "Ms. is being adopted as a standard form of address by women who want to be recognized as individuals, rather than being identified by their relationship with a man. After all, if Mr. is enough to identify male, then Ms. should be enough to identify female!... It's symbolic and important. There's a lot in a name"; the first regular issue, featuring Wonder Woman is pub. in July 1972, reaching a circ. of 350K within a year, going on to pub. a list of women who had abortions in 1972, causing the Manifesto of 343 Sluts (Bitches) to be pub. on Apr. 5, 1973 in France, signed by guess how many women celebs who all claim to have had an abortion, incl. Simone de Beauvoir (actually she hadn't?), Catherine Deneuve, and Delphine Seyrig, pointing out that 1M women a year in France have one. On Jan. 1 the U.S. Uniform Monday Holiday Act (signed June 1,1968) comes into effect, moving Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, and Columbus Day to a Monday and creating 3-day federal holiday weekends. On Jan. 1 (midnight) after one last spending orgy on the Rose Bowl and other college football games, advertising of cigarettes on U.S. TV and radio ceases as the U.S. Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act (passed last Nov.) goes into effect; Philip Morris spends $12M for commercials from 11:30-11:59 p.m.; the last ad, aired on the Tonight show at 11:59 p.m. is for Virginia Slims, and stars Veronica Hamel; the ad money is rechanneled into print media and billboards. On Jan. 1 a 3-day New Year's ceasefire marked by sporadic fighting ends in Vietnam. On Jan. 1 Stanford defeats Ohio State by 27-17 to win the 1971 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 2 the 91st U.S. Congress adjourns its 2nd session, the longest held since 1950. On Jan. 2 the stairway collapses at the IBROX Soccer Stadium in Edinburgh, killing 66 spectators. On Jan. 3 the 92nd U.S. Congress (ends Jan. 3, 1973) convenes with Dem. majorities in both houses, incl. new N.Y. Dem. Rep. (until Jan. 3, 1977) Bella Savitsky Abzug (1920-98) - and Capt. Tricky Dicky in the con, with Klingons closing in on the viewscreen? On Jan. 4 Philly activist minister Rev. Leon Howard Sullivan (1922-2001) becomes the first black dir. on the board of General Motors Corp., the world's largest industrial corp. On Jan. 6 the first gay rights bill in the U.S. is introduced to the New York City council by Shirley Carter Burden Jr. (1941-96) and Eldon R. Clingan; it dies in committee, and a similar bill is not passed until 1986. On Jan. 7 France establshes a new ministry of the environment. On Jan. 10 Masterpiece Theater (originally "The First Churchills") debuts on PBS-TV, hosted by dignified English-born Am. journalist Alistair Cooke (1908-2004); the theme music is Fanfare-Rondeau by Jean-Joseph Mouret (1682-1738). On Jan. 11 Holy Cross College of Worcester, Mass. (founded 1843) becomes the last of 28 U.S. Jesuit colleges to announce the admission of women students (beginning in Sept. 1972). On Jan. 11 an attempted coup against Pres. Juan Jose Torres of Bolivia is announced. On Jan. 11 John MacLeod Fraser arrives in Beijing, China to set up a Canadian embassy; on Feb. 1 a 10-man delegation headed by Hsu Chung-fu arrives in Ottawa to set up a Chinese embassy. On Jan. 11-17 violence breaks out in two Roman Catholic areas of Belfast, North Ireland. On Jan. 12 Roman Catholic anarchist peace activist Philip Francis Berrigan (1923-2002) (a priest in 1955-73, who in 1972 married Sister Elizabeth McAlister) and five others are indicted for conspiring to kidnap U.S. security advisor Henry Kissinger. On Jan. 12 after the British Industrial Relations Act (BIRA) of the Conservative govt. of Edward Heath is passed, limiting wildcat strikes and prohibiting limitations on legitimate strikes, establishing the Nat. Industrial Relations Court, the British Trade Union Congress campaigns against it, holding a protest in London, followed by 1.5M members of the Amalgamated Engineering Union striking for one day in Mar.; next July the Pentonville Five are imprisoned for refusing to appear before the court, and on Sept. 3, 1973 the BTUC expels 20 members for registering under the act; in 1974 after the Heath govt. falls, the British Trade Union and Labour Relations Act repeals the BIRA. On Jan. 12 (Tue.) Jewish-Am. Norman Lear's leftist political sitcom All in the Family, based on the British series "Till Death Do Us Part" debuts on CBS-TV for 202 episodes (until Apr. 8, 1979), starring John Carroll O'Connor (1924-2001) (who successfully holds out for more money in 1974) as bigoted blue collar worker Archie Bunker, Jean Stapleton (nee Murray) (1923-) as his wife Edith "the Dingbat", who suffers from menopause, Robert "Rob" Reiner (1947-) as his Jewish liberal son-in-law Michael "Meathead" Stivic, and Sally Ann Struthers (1948-) as his daughter Gloria, who becomes the victim of attempted rape and has a miscarriage; Meathead and Gloria go on to have son Joey Stivic in Dec. 1975, after which in 1976 the Ideal Toy Co. releases the 14-in. Joey Stivic doll, complete with an uncircumcised penis, billing it as the "first anatomically correct male doll", becoming a collector's item; on May 13 after Quaker Pres. Nixon watches it, he denounces an episode on homosexuality, telling his Christian Scientist asst. John Daniel Ehrlichman (1925-99): "Why it outrages me because I don't want to see this country go that way... You know what happened to the Greeks. Homosexuality destroyed them. Sure Aristotle was a homo, we all know that. So was Socrates, but he never had the influence that television had... Do you know what happened to the Romans? The last six Roman emperors were fags... You know what happened to the popes? It's all right that popes were laying the nuns. That's been going on for years, centuries. But when the popes, when the Catholic Church went to Hell in, I don't know, three or four centuries ago, it was homosexual, and it had to be cleaned out. Now, that's what happened to Britain. It happened earlier to France." On Jan. 13 after efforts by liberal Repub. Md. Sen. (1969-87) Charles McCurdy "Mac" Mathias Jr. (1922-2010), Congress repeals the Aug. 7, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, ending the president's unlimited war powers along with the de facto declaration of war on North Vietnam, with a House vote of 414-0 and a Senate vote of 88-2; by the end of the year 6.2M tons of bombs have been dropped on lovely Vietnam by U.S. aircraft, 3x the amount dropped in all of WWII. On Jan. 15 the 2.1GWAswan High Dam is inaugurated, ending the age-old annual flooding of the Nile River that deposits rich silt on fields, causing farmers to begin using fertilizer. On Jan. 15 the Repub. Nat. Committee approves Kansas Sen. (1969-96) Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (1923-) as the party's nat. chmn. (until 1973). On Jan. 17 Super Bowl V (5) (1971) ("Blunder Bowl") (11 total turnovers) is held in Miami, Fla., becoming the first to be played on artificial turf; for the 1st time the winners of the Am. (AFC) and Nat. (NFC) Football Conferences of the NFL (instead of the winners of the AFL and NFL) play in it; the Baltimore Colts (AFC) (coach Don McCafferty), led by QB Johnny Unitas defeat the Dallas Cowboys (NFC) 16-13 on a 32-yard field goal by toe-kicking rookie Jim O'Brien (1947-) with 5 sec. left, becoming the first team with the most turnovers to win the SB; Cowboys linebacker (1961-73) Charles Louis "Chuck" Howley (1936-) is MVP, the first from a losing team; Unitas retires in 1974. On Jan. 18 two Standard Oil tankers, the SS Arizona Standard and the SS Oregon Standard collide in the fog 1/4-mi. W of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, Calif., spilling a double standard 1.9M gal. of heavy bunker oil. On Jan. 19 after being proposed by Pres. Nixon in 1969, the Overseas Private Investment Corp. (OPIC) is established to advance U.S. foreign policy by financing projects incl. the $200M Project Salavador solar plant in Chile. On Jan. 20 (Wed.) the comedy-drama series The Smith Family debuts on CBS-TV for 39 episodes (until June 7, 1972), starring Henry Jaynes "Hank" Fonda (1905-82) as Det. Sgt. Chad Smith, "a man you'll like", Janet Blair (Martha Janet Lafferty) (1921-2007) as his wife Betty Smith, Darleen Carr (1950-) as eldest daughter Cindy Smith, and Ronald William "Ron" Howard (1954-) as eldest son Bob Smith. On Jan. 20-Mar. 8 (47 days) the first nationwide British postal strike idles 220K Union of Post Office Workers, costing $65M in lost revenue. On Jan. 21 the 100th session of the U.S.-North Vietnam peace talks takes place in Paris. On Jan. 21 U.S. Rep. (D-Okla.) (1947-77) Rhodes scholar Carl Bert Albert (1908-2000) becomes U.S. House Speaker #54 (until Jan. 3, 1977), going on to preside over the Agnew scandal and Nixon impeachment. On Jan. 22 Communist troops shell Phnom Penh, Cambodia for the 1st time. On Jan. 22 Pres. Nixon delivers his 1971 State of the Union Address, with the soundbyte: "In these troubled years just past, America has been going through a long nightmare of war and division, of crime and inflation. Even more deeply, we have gone through a long, dark night of the American spirit. But now that night is ending. Now we must let our spirits soar again. Now we are ready for the lift of a driving dream. The people of this nation are eager to get on with the quest for new greatness. They see challenges, and they are prepared to meet those challenges. It is for us here to open the doors that will set free again the real greatness of this nation, the genius of the American people." On Jan. 22 a man hijacks a Boeing 727 from Milwaukee, Wisc. to Cuba; he wanted to go to Algeria, but settles for the Commie Paradise. On Jan. 23 Prospect Creek Camp in N Alaska (N of the Arctic Circle) sets a U.S. record with a low temp. of -80 F (-62 C) - what month is the coldest in the northern hemisphere? On Jan. 23 U.S. Senate Dem. whip (asst. leader) (since 1969) Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (1932-2009) is appointed to the Dem. Steering Committee by Sen. majority leader Mike Mansfield, and in Aug. he says he will be content to play an "active role" in party affairs, although his chances for the pres. nomination were ruined by the 1969 Chappaquiddick fiasco. On Jan. 25 Uganda's beloved pres. #2 (since Apr. 15, 1966) Apollo Milton Obote, who has turned the economy into his personal bank account and is about to arrest Amin for misappropriating army funds is overthrown while attending a conference in Singapore by a military junta led by 6'4" British-trained Muslim-convert gourmet cannibal and light heavyweight boxing champ (1951-60), Maj. Gen. Idi Amin (1925-2003), with Israeli backing, using Amin's army of Nubian soldiers recruited from the West Nile region bordering Sudan; Obote flees to exile in neighboring Tanzania, and is eventually joined by 20K exiles; a popular man of the people big boy from around here type at first, Amin, who joined the King's African Rifles in 1946 as an asst. cook and worked his way up to a James Bond 007 killer soon begins ruling with an iron fist in a boxing glove, wearing a chef's hat as he cooks his own countrymen, killing 100K-500K, esp. members of the Acholi and Langi tribes, while his promises of free elections prove false before he is driven out in 1979 amid a gob of horror stories, becoming a favorite of the white man's newspapers since he fits every stereotype of big black banana-eating apes dressed up in Euro clothes unable to keep the savage inside from coming out; not that he's all bad: having served under Scottish officers in the British army, he develops a love for all things Scottish, and proclaims himself "the Last King of Scotland", offering to help them throw off the "British Conqueror", and dresses his parade troops in kilts; he claims to know the date on which he will die. On Jan. 25 the U.S. Supreme Court rules unanimously in Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp. that Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits "not only overt discrimination but also practices that are fair in form, but discriminatory in operation", outlawing separate hiring policies for men and women, becoming the first Title VII sex discrimination case to reach the Court. On Jan. 26 Charles Manson and three female followers are convicted in Los Angeles of murder and conspiracy in the 1969 slayings of seven people in the longest trial in Calif. history; on Mar. 29 the jury recommends the death penalty for them, but the sentences are later commuted. On Jan. 29 Canadian PM #15 (1968-79) Pierre Elliott Trudeau (1919-2000) ends a 24-day tour of Asia, in which he attends the Commonwealth Conference of PMs in Singapore. On Jan. 30 an Indian Airlines Fokker F27 en route from Srinagar to Jammu is hijacked by two Kashmir separatists to Lahore; on Feb. 2 the passengers are released and the plane is blown up, causing all air travel between India and Pakistan to be banned until 1976. On Jan. 31 (4:03 p.m. EST) astronauts Stuart Allen Roosa (1933-94), "Smiley Al and Icy Commander" Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (1923-98), and Edgar Dean "Ed" Mitchell (1930-20916) blastoff aboard Apollo 14 on a mission to the Moon; on Feb. 5 Shepard and Mitchell land the lunar module Antares in Frau Mauro (3rd manned landing on the Moon) (most accurate landing), broadcasting the first color TV pictures from the lunar surface, with Shepard uttering the soundbyte after stepping on the surface: "It's been a long way, but we're here", followed by the soundbyte about the Earth as seen from the Moon: "You can see the blue water of the ocean. You can see the ice caps. I got a little misty-eyed thinking of all my friends on that beautiful planet"; 47-y.-o. Shepard becomes the first WWII vet and oldest man to walk on the Moon; on the last day of the mission Shepard hits two golf balls in the Fra Mauro region using a tool used to sample lunar material with a Wilson 6-iron attached, and one of the balls travels for about 50 ft., the other "miles and miles and miles"; they splashdown in the Pacific on Feb. 9 at 4:05 p.m. EST, bringing back 98 lbs. of lunar rocks; paranormal and UFO believer Mitchell tries an ESP experiment with friends back on Earth, which doesn't work out. On Jan. 31-Feb. 2 the Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) (founded 1967) hold their Winter Soldier Investigation in a Howard Johnson motel in Detroit, Mich., with vets and civilians testifying about Vietnam War atrocities; U.S. Sen. (R-Ore.) Mark Hatfield enters the testimony into the Congressional Record, and causes a Senate Committee on Foreign Relations hearing in Washington, D.C. on Apr. 22 where VVAW leader, Yale grad., and decorated Vietnam vet John Kerry (1943-) (who on Jan. 6, 2009 becomes chmn. of the committee as Dem. Sen. from Mass. since 1985) alienates many Vietnam vets with his insistence that atrocities are commonplace, calling the Vietnam War "the biggest nothing in history", with the immortal soundbyte: "How do you ask a man to be the last man to die for a mistake?" - did he mention he had lost his glasses? In Jan. after heavy monsoon rains the 1971 Kuala Lumpur Floods in Malaysia kill 32 and affect 180K, becoming the worst in Malaysia since 1926, causing a flood control project to be set up. On Feb. 3 OPEC decides to set oil prices without consulting buyers - how long did it take to get that smart? On Feb. 4 Rolls-Royce Lt. declares bankruptcy, claiming cost overruns on the 60K lb. thrust RB 211 turbofan engine being developed for Lockheed Aircraft Corp. for the L-1011, which enters service next year; the British govt. nationalizes the co., and the engine later powers the Boeing 747/757/767 as well as the Russian Tupolev Tu-204 until being superseded by the 95K lb. thrust Trent engine in 1990. On Feb. 4 a man hijacks a DC-9 from Chicago, Ill. to Cuba. On Feb. 4-9 leftist SDK students take over the U. of the Philippines, forming the Diliman Commune, until the govt. scares them into giving up by blowing up drums filled with flammable liquid near the women's south dorm; this doesn't stop their First Quarter Storm (Jan.-Mar.) of the 70s, which lasts three years until pres. Ferdinand Marcos imposes martial law. On Feb. 5 Egypt and Israel extend their ceasefire another 30 days, the 3rd time since June 1970. On Feb. 5 Red Cross officials from Japan and North Korea reach an agreement in Moscow to repatriate 15K North Koreans from Japan, which is completed in Nov. On Feb. 6 Robert Curtis becomes the first British soldier to die in the Troubles in North Ireland after he is shot by the IRA. On Feb. 6 white-owned Mike's Grocery in Wilmington, N.C. is firebombed, after which snipers on the roof of nearby Gregory Congregational Church shoot at firefighters, causing the Nat. Guard to be called in, resulting in two deaths, six injuries, and $500K in property damage; black desegregation activist Rev. Benjamin Franklin Chavis Jr. (1948-) (later Benjamin Chavis Muhammad) is railroaded along with eight other black men and one white woman for conspiracy, becoming known as the Wilmington Ten, ending up in priz with multi-decade sentences until an internat. outcry and a call by the U.S. Dept. of Justice in 1978 for reversal of the convictions, along with a friend of the court brief signed by 55 members of Congress helps their convictions get overturned on Dec. 4, 1980; meanwhile they are unable to challenge racial segregation in the Wilmington public schools while spending up to four years in prison. On Feb. 7 Switzerland votes to allow female suffrage at the federal but not the cantonal level. On Feb. 8 South Vietnamese ground forces commanded by Gen. Hoang Xuan Lam (19282017-), backed by U.S. air power begin Operation Lam Son 719, a 17K man incursion into Laos, amid internat. debate; too bad, it ends on Mar. 25 in a disaster, with the ARVN losing half its forces, turning from a graduation exercise in taking charge of the war to proof they're not ready; somehow Lam keeps his job; too bad, Pres. Nixon lies to the Am. people, claiming the ARVN is now ready. On Feb. 8 Pres. Nixon calls on Congress for a "program to save and enhance the environment" - just don't mess with my friends? On Feb. 8 Wall Street's Over-the-Counter Market becomes NASDAQ (Nat. Assoc. of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System) for stocks not listed on the NYSE or Am. (Curb) Exchange (Amex); the Nasdaq-100 is launched on Jan. 31, 1985. On Feb. 9 (6:00:41 a.m. PST) the 6.5-6.7 San Fernando (Sylmar) Earthquake in Calif. kills 58-65 and injures 200-2K, becoming the inspiration for the 1974 film "Earthquake". On Feb. 10 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 292 to admit Bhutan; on Aug. 18 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 296 to admit Bahrain; on Sept. 15 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 297 to admit Qatar; on Sept. 30 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 299 to admit Oman; on Dec. 8 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 304 to admit the United Arab Emirates (UAE). On Feb. 11 the Seabed Arms Control Treaty, barring the installation of nuclear weapons on the ocean seabed is signed by 63 nations in Washington D.C., Moscow and London. On Feb. 11 former Dem. Tex. gov. #3 (1963-89) and U.S. Navy secy. (1961) John Bowden Connally Jr. (1917-93) becomes U.S. treasury sec. #61 (until June 12, 1972). On Feb. 14 Moscow announces a new Five-Year Plan geared to expanding consumer production - more of them ugly cars and shoes, and no jeans? Not a berry broad political base? On Feb. 14 the center-left Frente Amplio (Broad Front) is formed by progressives (Socialists, Christian Dems., Communists) in Uruguay to support candidate Gen. Liber Seregni (1916-2004); on Nov. 28 ultraconservative Colorado Party military-puppet candidate Juan Maria Bordaberry Arocena (1928-) is elected, then declared pres. on Dec. 2 amid allegations of fraud, replacing pres. (since 1967) Jorge Pacheco Areco; he is sworn-in next Mar. 1 (until June 12, 1976), going on to deal with inflation and violent strikes, plus assassinations and kidnappings by leftist Tupamaro guerrillas that cause him to declare martial law in 1973 until the military deposes him in 1976. On Feb. 15 after 1.2K years Britain decimalizes its coinage, changing the pound sterling from 20 shillings (bob) to 100 new pence, and demonetizing the penny, sixpence, and threepence coins, along with the shilling (12 pence), guinea, and sovereign (20 shillings), crown (5 shillings), and half-crown; the new 5-pence coin has the same size and weight as a shilling and also becomes known as a bob; the gold sovereign (first minted in 1489) continues to be minted (until ?). On Feb. 15 a voice-activated taping system is activated in the Oval Office of the White House (until July 18, 1973) - if we ever get into trouble, we can destroy the tapes, duh? The U.S. health care cost crisis begins in the early 1970s, and doesn't end until ? On Feb. 18 Pres. Nixon delivers his Special Message to Congress Proposing a Health Strategy, with the soundbyte: "In the last 12 months alone, America's medical bill went up 11%, from $63B to $70B. In the last 10 years, it has climbed 170%, from the $26B level in 1960. Then we were spending 5.3% of our GNP on health. Today we devote almost 7% of our GNP to health expenditures. This growing investment in health has been led by the federal government. In 1960 Washington spent $3.5B on medical needs, 13% of the total. This year it will spend $21B, or about 30% of the nation's spending in this area"; after recommending the Health Maintenance Org. (HMO) concept, and noting the increase in malpractice insurance rates, he directs U.S. HEW secy. Elliot Richardson to create a Commission on Medical Malpractice, which on Jan. 16, 1973 pub. its 2-vol. Report of the Secretary's Commission on Medical Malpractice, which reports that of 12K malpractice cases studied, claimaints received a total of $80.3M plus $10.4M for legal fees, with the avg. award only $2K, and 3% greater than $100K; too bad, in 1974 U.S. insurance cos. begin raising malpractice rates for physicians and hospitals, with some stopping the writing of malpractice policies altogether; in the first week of July rates rise 95% in New York, making it the state with the highest avg. rates, passing Calif.; too bad, by 2009 the U.S. spends 16% of GNP on health care - no one mentions that the AMA limits medical school enrollments to keep the supply of doctors artificially low, and that building more medical schools would increase the supply, after which competition would drive rates down? On Feb. 19 the Nat. Operations Council, which ran Malaysia for 22 mo. is dissolved, the suspended parliament is reconvened, and PM Abdul Razak lifts the ban on public rallies for election campaigns; the constitution is reinstated, but is amended to avoid discussion of "sensitive issues", esp. the special position of the Malays vis a vis the Chinese; in June the 2nd 5-year New Economic Plan is begun to further equalization of wealth among racial groups; meanwhile Communist guerrillas establish camps in the S at Perak and Ipoh, causing the tin mines in Perak to be closed for awhile. On Feb. 20 young people in Athens, Greece protest having to cut their long hair - look at Alexander the Great? On Feb. 21 after 30 hours of torrential rain incl. 11.4 in. (.29m) in 24 hours, New Plymouth, Tarnaki, New Zealand experiences its largest flood ever, after which dams are built on the Huatoki, Waimea, and Mangaotuku Rivers. On Feb. 22 Hafez al-Assad becomes pres. of Syria (until June 10, 2000); on Apr. 3 he steps down as PM in favor of puppet Abdul Rahman Kleifawi (until Dec. 21, 1972). On Feb. 23 the CBS-TV documentary The Selling of the Pentagon is aired, touching off controversy over its accuracy and merits - we hit the bullseye for an attack on a federal building? On Feb. 24 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Harris v. New York that its 1966 Miranda decision still makes a suspect's statement inadmissible as evidence if he has not been read his rights, but that the prosecution may still use the statement to contradict his testimony if he gives up the right to remain silent at a trial - in other words, poor people without attorneys can be legally gang-raped? On Feb. 25 a man hijacks a Boeing 727 from San Francisco, Calif. to Canada; after being deported on Mar. 8 he is sentenced to 10 years. On Feb. 28 the male electorate of the principality of Liechtenstein refuses to give voting rights to women; meanwhile most Swiss cantons cave in; Liechtenstein finally caves in 1984 after rejecting it again in 1973 - lick my stein jokes here? In Feb. the 1971 Kenyan Drought sees a severe food shortage caused by a severe drought sweep Kenya, causing 75% of its cattle regions to be quarantined, followed by cholera in the rural east. He smells his end coming? In Feb.-Mar. Pres. Nixon grants four long interviews with journalists in 1 mo., starting with the London Sunday Telegraph in Feb., claiming he is a "progressive" unable to embrace the New Deal welfare philosophy because of his Puritan Quaker upbringing; the 2nd is with The New York Times, declaring that he doubts if the U.S. "would ever have another war"; the 3rd is with nine female correspondents in the Oval Office on Mar. 11, in which he praises his wife for her character in supporting him "in that tradition"; the final is with NBC-TV's Today show, in which he admits he's "rather stuffy", but has no plans for "image making". March becomes the Month of the U.S. College Student as they score epic Vs against their own all-powerful government, cutting it down to size, starting with getting them where they live? On Mar. 1 (1:32 a.m.) the 1971 U.S. Senate Bombing sees a ground floor restroom in the Senate wing of the U.S. Capitol bombed in protest of U.S. involvement in Laos, causing $300K in damage after a 30-min. telephone warning; the Weather Underground claims responsibility; Capitol police begin searching all visitors - which Lethal Weapon episode was that? Muslim Pakistan, split in two by Hindu India finally becomes two Muslim nations with India's help? On Mar. 1 Pakistani pres. Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan postpones the opening of the country's first popularly elected nat. assembly over a disagreement over the proposed new all-Pakistan constitution; meanwhile after the Bengal-based Awani League wins 167 of 313 seats, a revolt in East Pakistan simmers, with widespread riots and strikes; on Mar. 7 Bengali Sheik Mujibur Rahman (1920-75) of the Awami League gives a historic speech at the Race Course Ground in Dhaka (Dacca) before 1M, calling for civil disobedience and armed resistance, resulting in murders of non-Bengalis, pissing-off Yahya Khan, who calls him a traitor and on Mar. 25 orders the army sent in under bloody Operation Searchlight, which becomes known for systematically raping hundreds of thousands of Bengali women to make them unmarriageable, causing many suicides, assisted by the fanatical local Muslim paramilitary Razakars (Pers. "volunteers"), who consider that dismemberment of "Pure" Muslim Pakistan would be an offense against Islam itself; on Mar. 26 (midnight) East Pakistan proclaims independence, and Rahman is arrested and hauled off to Faisalabad (Lyallpur), West Pakistan (until Jan. 8, 1972), beginning the Bangladesh Liberation War (ends Dec. 17); on Apr. 25 the new bang-a-dish country takes the name Bengali Dish, er, Bangladesh ("Country of Bengal") (modern pop. 150M) (#7 most populous country on Earth), with capital at Dhaka (Dacca) (modern pop. 14.4M/18.9M) on the Buriganga River, known as the "the City of Mosques", with 90% of the country being Muslims (96% Sunni, 3% Shiite), and 9% Hindus; despite an Apr. 2 plea from the U.S., Soviet Union and other nations to settle it peacefully, Indian-Pakistani troops clash along the East Pakistani frontier on Apr. 24-25; 200K-3M East Bengalis are eventually killed in the fighting, while 8M-10M refugees flee to India; on Aug. 1 (2:30 p.m. and 8:00 p.m.) (Sun.) the Concert for Bangladesh is held by ex-Beatle George Harrison in Madison Square Garden in New York City, with help from Bob Dylan, Ravi Shankar, Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr, Billy Preston, Leon Russell, Badfinger et al., to a crowd of 40K, becoming the first large benefit concert in history; it raises $243,418.51, which is administered by UNICEF, after which sales of the triple album and concert film bring in more bucks; on Dec. 6 after failing to come to an agreement, the U.N. Security Council votes 11-0-4 for Resolution 303 (France, Poland, U.K., U.S.S.R.) referring the matter to the U.N. Gen. Assembly; meanwhile the Pakistani govt. begins persecuting the 5K-sq.-mi. Chittagong Hill Tracts, committing genocidal acts against its mainly Buddhist pop. while attempting to resettle the area with Bengalis, killing 10K in 1980-97. On Mar. 1 Progressive Conservative William Grenville "Bill" Davis (1929-) is sworn-in as PM #18 of Ontario (until Feb. 8, 1985), the most populous and industrialized province of Canada; in 2012 he is voted the 2nd best Canadian PM of the last 40 years after Peter Lougheed. On Mar. 1 the Peace Corps celebrates its 10th anniv., with almost 50K Americans serving for up to five years each in up to 60 countries; on July 1 it is incorporated into Action, a new antipoverty agency of volunteer orgs. On Mar. 1 after being appointed by Pres. Nixon and unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate, Milton, Mass.-born U.S. Rep. (R-Tex.) (since Jan. 3, 1967) George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #10 (until Jan. 3, 1971). On Mar. 3 the People's Repub. of China launches its Shi Jian 1 satellite (its 2nd), carrying scientific instruments this time. On Mar. 3-5 the E Canadian Blizzard of Mar. 1971 sees the worst 24-hour snowfall on record in Montreal, Quebec (17 in.) (.43m), killing 30 incl. 17 in Montreal and becoming known as "Quebec's Storm of the Century". On Mar. 4 52-y.-o. Canadian PM #15 (1968-79) Pierre Elliott Trudeau (1919-2000) shocks his country by marrying 22-y.-o. "flower child" Margaret Sinclair (1948-), who utters the soundbyte "I want to be more than a rose in my husband's lapel" after he makes her convert to Roman Catholicism, going on to have son Justin Trudeau (1971-); too bad, they separate on May 27, 1977, with Pierre retaining custody of the children; she becomes a jet-setter and is seen dancing at Studio 54 in New York City in 1979, and they divorce in 1984. On Mar. 5-7 Aretha Franklin performs at the Fillmore West in San Francisco, Calif., pulling Ray Charles out of the crowd on Mar. 7 and performing Spirit in the Dark, becoming a major moment in pop-rock history; on May 19 Atlantic Records releases the album Aretha Live at Fillmore West. On Mar. 6 4K demonstrate in London for women's rights. On Mar. 7 approx. 1K U.S. planes bomb Cambodia and Laos. On Mar. 8 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 8-1 in Gillette v. U.S. that conscientious objectors must show that they are opposed to all wars not just the Vietnam War to get draft exemption. On Mar. 8 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 8-0 in Griggs v. Duke Power Co. that Title VII of the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act prohibits "objective" criteria such as a high school diploma or IQ score minimum for hiring employees if they result in a "disparate impact", i.e., a relative disadvantage to dumb, er, blacks without a "compelling business interest", and the employer has the burden of proof that the tests are "reasonably related" to the job for which they are required, with the soundbyte: "Congress has now provided that tests or criteria for employment or promotion may not provide equality of opportunity merely in the sense of the fabled offer of milk to the stork and the fox"; William J. Brennan Jr. recuses himself; in 1991 the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act is amended to eliminate the employer's burden of proof. On Mar. 8 Pres. Nixon vents his bigotry against women, blacks, Jews, Mexicans, and Italians on tape recordings that are not made public until 1998; "The only two non-Jews in the Communist conspiracy were Chambers and Hiss. Every other one was a Jew and it raised hell with us." The U.S. govt. gets another lesson that the media is a powerful sword with two edges, that cuts both ways? On Mar. 8 anon. activists in Media, Penn. break into the local FBI office and steal 1K documents that reveal the agency's illegal spying, infiltration, and media manipulation activities against radical groups, then send them anonymously to the er, media, causing the Washington Post to break the story on Mar. 24 despite a power play by U.S. atty.-gen. John Mitchell; despite compiling a 33K-page file, the FBI doesn't figure out who broke in (until ?). Them pesky college students didn't win on Vietnam, but they did get accepted by the system? On Mar. 10 the U.S. Senate by 94-0 approves the Twenty-Sixth (26th) (XXVI) Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, giving 18-year-olds the vote, which they have been clamoring for ever since FDR lowered the military draft age to 18 in WWII; on Mar. 23 it is passed by the House of Reps by 401-19, and sent to the states for ratification by the 92nd Congress, and it is ratified on July 1 (fastest ratification ever) after Ohio becomes the 37th state to approve it on June 30, followed by N.C. and Okla. on July 1; Pres. Nixon certifies it on July 5, talking about his "confidence that America's young generation will provide what America needs as we approach our 200th birthday, not just strength and not just wealth but the Spirit of '76, a spirit of moral courage, a spirit of high idealism in which we believe in the American Dream, but in which we realize that the American Dream can never be fulfilled until every American has an equal chance to fulfill it in his own life"; it goes into effect on July 7; Fla., Ky., Miss., Nev., N.M., N.D., S.D. and Utah never ratify it - TLW turned 18 on January 18, and doesn't care since he never votes, preferring to influence votes with his mind instead and avoid jury duty? On Mar. 10 PM Indira Gandhi's New Congress Party wins a landslide V in nat. elections for the Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament). On Mar. 10 Australian PM (since 1968) Sir John Grey Gorton of the Liberal Party resigns as PM Australia and leader of the party over the Mar. 8 r esignation of defense minister John Malcolm Fraser (1930-2015) after a high-ranking army official accuses him of disloyalty and Gorton backs the army; 49er Liberal and former external affairs minister Sir William "Billy" McMahon (1908-88) becomes PM #20 of Australia (until Dec. 5, 1972). On Mar. 10 Dr. Seuss' animated The Cat in the Hat debuts on CBS-TV. On Mar. 12 South Korean troops replace U.S. troops along their 151-mi. armistice border for the 1st time. On Mar. 12 the Turkish military pub. a memorandum demanding a "strong and credible" govt. to curb violence and implement reforms, causing PM (since Oct. 27, 1965) Suleyman Demirel to resign on Mar. 16, after which a series of weak caretaker civilian govts. rule Turkey until 1973, with Demirel returning as PM in 1975-7, 1977-8, 1979-80, and 1991-3, then pres. #9 in 1993-2000; on Mar. 26 Ismail Nihat Erim (1912-80) becomes PM of the first caretaker govt. (until Apr. 17, 1972), going on to form a ministry of culture, prohibit opium poppy harvesting in June (effective June 29, 1972) under U.S. pressure, and outlaw the Turkish Workers' Party. On Mar. 12 Pres. Nixon hands his son-in-law Ensign Dwight David Eisenhower II (1948-) (grandson of former pres. Ike) his naval commission at the Naval Officers Training School in Newport, R.I., giving a speech warning against the nation's "new isolationists"; the new ensign begins a 3-year tour of duty on a guided-missile cruiser; his wife Julie cuts her career as an elementary school teacher in Fla. short after a cartload of books crushes a toe on her left foot. On Mar. 14 Sen. Edward Kennedy estimates that 25K Vietnamese civilians were killed in 1970. On Mar. 14 The New York Times pub. an article about drought in Argentina causing a beef crisis; the next worst drought happens in 2009. On Mar. 15 the requirement that all U.S. citizens obtain specially validated passports for travel to China is dropped by the U.S. On Mar. 15 (00:45 hours) an enlisted man frags the officers barracks, killing white lts. Richard Harlan and Thomas Dellwo, and wounding a 3rd in the U.S. army base in Bien Hoa, Vietnam, after which black Pvt. Billy Dean Smith (1948-) ( from Watts, and known for hating the army and the war) is court-martialed for it, and held in a cage for over a year before being found innocent, with Pres. Nixon refusing to intervene like he did for white Lt. Calley; 96 fragging cases were reported in 1969, and 209 in 1970, killing 101 total. On Mar. 16 Ceylon PM Sirimavo Bandaranaike declares a nationwide state of emergency against terrorism, and on Apr. 5-23 the Maoist People's Liberation Front (Janata Vimukti Peramuna) (JVP) in Ceylon attempts a coup against the leftist coalition govt. dominated by the Ceylonese Communist Party and the Trotskyite Party, but the army regains control with the help of 24K Soviet troops, aided by an unusual coalition of Britain, the U.S., India, Pakistan, East and West Germany, Egypt, and Yugoslavia supplying weapons. On Mar. 16 the first live nat. Grammy Award telecast (produced by Pierre Cossette) kicks off with the Osmonds singing "Everything Is Beautiful"; Marie Osmond (1959-) isn't a member; the first awards were presented on May 4, 1959 as the Gramophone Awards. On Mar. 17 Pres. Nixon signs a 10% increase in Social Security benefits. On Mar. 17 Trygve Martin Bratteli (1910-84) of the minority Labor Party is sworn-in as PM of Norway (until 1972) after Per Borten (PM since 1965) resigns under a scandal. On Mar. 18 U.S. helis airlift 1K South Vietnamese soldiers out of lousy Laos. On Mar. 21 two U.S. platoons in Vietnam refuse orders to advance. On Mar. 22 a week of rioting in Cordoba ends with a bloodless coup in Argentina, deposing pres. (since 1970) Roberto Marcelo Levingston; a 3-man junta headed by armed forces CIC Lt. Gen. Alejandro Agustin Lanusse Gelly (1918-96) takes power, and Lanusse is sworn-in as pres. on Mar. 26 (until May 25, 1973), becoming the 9th change of govt. since Juan Peron's ouster in Sept. 1955; Lanusse abolishes wage increase ceilings, reestablishes ties with China, and allows Peron to return after 15+ years of forced exile; on Apr. 1 all political parties except the Peronists (which controls the labor movement) are legalized; in July he meets with Chile's Marxist Pres. Salvador Allende; in Oct. an armed uprising is put down with the help of the air force and navy. On Mar. 23 Arthur Brian Deane Faulkner, Baron Faulkner of Downpatrick (1921-77) becomes PM #6 (last) of Northern Ireland (until Mar. 30, 1972), succeeding James D. Chichester-Clark, who resigned over a dispute over Catholic terrorists;; on Jan. 1, 1974 he becomes pres. #1 (last) of the devolved power-sharing Northern Ireland Assembly Executive until it collapses on May 28; on Mar. 3, 1977 Faulkner dies from a fox hunting accident 24 days after being granted a life peerage as Baron Faulkner of Downpatrick. On Mar. 24 the U.S. Senate votes 51-46 to end federal sponsorship of the supersonic transport (SST), one week after the House voted ditto, causing Boeing Co. in Seattle, Wash. to lay off 62K workers, and leaving France and Britain free to develop their Concorde SST sans U.S. competition. On Mar. 28 after Honduran dictator (since 1963) Gen. Oswaldo Lopez allows elections, Ramon Ernesto Cruz Ucles (Uclés) (1903-85) and his Nationalist Party win a decisive V over Jorge Buesco Aria and his Liberal Party, and on June 7 Cruz becomes pres. of Honduras (until Dec. 4, 1972). On Mar. 29 Army 1st Lt. William L. Calley Jr. is convicted of murdering at least 22 Vietnamese civilians in the My Lai Massacre, and on Mar. 31 is sentenced to life in prison at hard labor, after which on Apr. 6 Pres. Nixon frees him to appeal, after which he ends up spending three years under house arrest - learning how to eat with chopsticks and like rice noodles? On Mar. 29 Yugoslav pres. Tito becomes the first Communist leader to officially meet with the pope (Paul VI) during a formal state visit to Italy - titopapa jokes here? On Mar. 31 a Venezuelan man hijacks a DC-8 from New York City to Cuba; he returns to the U.S. on Oct. 8, 1974. Speaking of black, done white-style? On Mar. 31 Starbucks (named by Gordon Bowker after a char. in Herman Melville's "Moby Dick" - second choice Pequod) is founded in Seattle, Wash. at 2000 Western Ave. by three former students of the U. of San Francisco, incl. Gerald "Jerry" Baldwin, Zev Siegl (1955-), and Gordon Bowker, moving to 1912 Pike Place Market, starting out with whole coffee beans and expanding to expresso in 1986 before selling-out in 1987 to former employee Howard Schultz (1953-), launching Second Wave Coffee, introducing Italian-style espresso drinks to the U.S. and other countries, opening its first store outside North Am. in Tokyo, Japan in 1996, and growing to 23.5K locations incl. 12.9K in the U.S. by 2015; the logo is a mermaid or melusine on a green background (colors of their alma mater); in 2005 Russian atty. Sergei A. Zuykov (1966-) squats on their trade name, demanding $600K for it - that and $600K will get you a cup of coffee? In Mar. after 90K are relocated and 1K workers are killed, the $1.6B 350-ft.-high Aswan High Dam in Egypt (begun 1960) opens 6 mo. after the death of pres. Abdel Gamal Nasser, supplying half of Egypt's energy needs incl. the first electricity to millions of poor farmers with its 12 hydroelectric turbines; too bad, mosquitoes breed, causing an outbreak of Rift Valley viral fever that infects 200K and kills 600. A legitimate concern for the leaking of U.S. defense secrets causes Tricky Nixon to go too far and authorize crimes, leading to his downfall when the same press he has pissed-off goes in for the kill? In Mar. U.S. Defense Dept. employee Daniel Ellsberg (1931-2023) obtains a copy of the Pentagon Papers (United States - Vietnam Relations, 1946-1967: A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense) AKA "History of the United States Decision-Making Process on Vietnam Policy", a secret 3K-page 47-vol. official history of the Vietnam War commissioned in 1967 by U.S. defense secy. Robert McNamara from his former Pentagon colleagues, and gives it to New York Times reporter Cornelius Mahoney "Neil" Sheehan (1936-), who writes a series on the secret history of the Vietnam War from it, incl. how U.S. officials have been lying to the public, telling them that they were trying to help South Vietnam but actually working to contain Red China, winning him a Pulitzer Prize; meanwhile the NYT begins pub. excerpts on June 13 giving a history of U.S. involvement Vietnam from the end of WWII to 1968, pissing-off U.S. atty.-gen. John Mitchell, who asks them to stop, saying that the info. in it will cause "irreparable injury to the defense interests of the United States"; after they tell him to buzz off, a federal judge issues the first-ever prior restraint order on the press, causing a legal battle to the U.S. Supreme Court; meanwhile on June 16 the Washington Post gets a copy, and begins pub. excerpts on June 18, causing the Nixon admin. to come down on them too; on June 26 the U.S. Justice Dept. issues a warrant for Daniel Ellsberg, and he surrenders in Boston, Mass., admitting his heroic deeds, getting indicted on Dec. 29 along with co-worker Anthony J. "Tony" Russo Jr. (1936-2008) for espionage and conspiracy; meanwhile on June 30 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 6-3 against the govt., allowing the pub. of the Pentagon Papers to proceed, pissing-off Pres. Nixon, who the same day tells his chief of staff H.R. Haldeman and his White House Plumbers to break into the Brookings Inst. and bring out files collected on the Vietnam War; after prosecutors discover the hanky-panky, they get the charges dismissed; on June 13, 2011 the entire document is declassified and published - no funnies in the back? In late Mar. U.S. dollars flood into West Germany, and the fit begins hitting the shan with the U.S. dollar. In Mar. Oginga Odinga, leader of the Kenya People's Union (KPU) and political prisoner since 1969 is released, easing political tensions. In Mar. Canadian-born U.S. Jewish writer Saul Bellow (1915-2005) becomes the first to receive three Nat. Book Awards: The Adventures of Augie March (1954), Herzog (1965), Mr. Sammler's Planet (1971). On Apr. 1 Britain lifts all restrictions on gold ownership. On Apr. 1 Argentina ends a 1964 ban on political party activity. On Apr. 4 Chilean Pres. Salvador Allende wins 49.7% of the votes cast in 280 municipal elections. On Apr. 5 a Cuban expatriate hijacks a Cessna 402 from Key West, Fla. to Cuba. On Apr. 6 Richard J. Daley wins his 5th term as mayor of Chicago (first 1955) (until Dec. 20, 1976). On Apr. 7 Pres. Nixon pledges a withdrawal of 100K more men from Vietnam by Dec., and announces an increase in the withdrawal rate. On Apr. 8 (Thur.) the Off-Track Betting Corp. (OTB) in New York City is created to legalize off-track betting and reduce organize crime revenues in favor of the city and state; too bad, the numbers racket continues to flourish for smaller bets. On Apr. 10 the 43rd Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1970 to 20th Century-Fox's Patton, along with best dir. to Franklin J. Schaffner and Frank McCarthy, and best actor to George C. Scott (who refuses it; 2nd time ever; first time was in 1936); best actress goes to Glenda Jackson for Women in Love, best supporting actor to John Mills for Ryan's Daughter, and best supporting actress to Helen Hayes for Airport. That's my name, don't wear it out? On Apr. 10 after being unexpectedly invited to compete in the 31st World Table Tennis Championship, the 9-member U.S. Table-Tennis (Ping-Pong) Team arrives in China (until Apr. 17), with white hippieish member Glenn L. Cowan (1952-2004) forced to become an impromptu diplomat after missing his bus and taking the Chinese team's, causing equally big-smiling world champ Zhuang Zedong (Chuang Tse-tung) (1940-2013) to greet him and present him with a silkscreen portrait of the Huangshan Mts., launching ping-pong diplomacy, which thaws relations, causing Pres. Nixon on Apr. 14, 1972 to end the 20-y.-o. U.S. trade embargo against China after visiting it in Feb., allowing the Chinese team to visit the U.S on Apr. 18-30 - how many years till China owns the U.S.? On Apr. 15 North Vietnamese troops ambush a co. of Delta Raiders from the 101st Airborne Division near Fire Support Base Bastogne in Vietnam. On Apr. 17 Egypt, Libya, and Syria sign an agreement to form a federation subject to plebiscite approval; the news causes a coup attempt against Egyptian pres. Anwar al-Sadat by vice-pres. Aly Sabri and interior minister Sharawy Gomma, but Sadat foils them in May. On Apr. 18-24 Earth Week is observed nationwide in the U.S., spurring the ecological movement; in a clever psycho reverse on the decades of propaganda about the great white V over the horrible pagan redskinned savages by John Wayne et al. so that decent Christan white folk could create a New Jerusalem in the New World, Amerindian Iron Eyes Cody (1905-99) becomes famous as the Crying Indian in a public service TV commercial first aired on Earth Day (Apr. 22). On Apr. 19 the Soviet Union launches the Salyut 1 orbiting space station using a Proton rocket, becoming the first space station; on Apr. 23 Soyuz 10 is launched, carrying cosmonauts Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov (1927-), Alexei S. Yeliseyev (1943-), and Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov (1932-2002), locking but not docking with Salyut 1, after which their capsule fills with toxic fumes during reentry, causing Nikolai R. to pass out, although they all survive; on June 6 Soyuz 11 lifts off, carrying cosmonauts Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (b. 1935), Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (b. 1933), and Georgy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky (b. 1928) (flight cmdr.); on June 30 after setting a 23-day endurance record for space flight in the Salyut 1 space lab, all three die during reeentry from cabin depressurization after a fire in space, being found BBQed and dead in the craft after an apparently successful automatic landing, a govt. coverup not stopping the Soviet space program from stinking to high heaven for its disregard of life. On Apr. 19-23 Operation Dewey Canyon III is carried out by the Vietnam Veterans Against the War in Washington, D.C., a mock "limited incursion in the country of Congress", with 1.1K veterans marching across the Lincoln Memorial Bridge to the Arlington Cemetery and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, where a bunch of Gold Star mothers are locked out, placing their wreaths at the gate; on Apr. 20 200 veterans listen to hearings of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee on proposals to end the war; on Apr. 21 50+ march to the Pentagon and unsuccessfully attempt to surrender as war criminals; on Apr. 22 a large group of veterans demonstrate on the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court, saying that they should have ruled on the Vietnam war's constitutionality, after which 110 are arrested; on Apr. 23 (Fri.) 800+ veterans throw their medals away on the steps of the U.S. Capitol. On Apr. 20 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, to uphold the busing of students to achieve racial desegregation when segregation has been officially sanctioned and/or school authorities offer no acceptable alternative; Justices incl. William O. Douglas, William J. Brennan Jr., Thurgood Marshall, Hugo Black, Byron White, Harry Blackmun, John M. Harlan II, Potter Stewart, and Warren E. Burger; the last time the court is unanimous about racial makeup of schools until ?; in May the U.S. govt. imposes a Big Brother busing plan on yee-haw Austin, Tex., requiring 13K students to be bused at an annual cost of $1M, causing a massive court fight; in July a federal judge rejects it, causing Ala. gov. George Wallace to complain that the Adolf Nixon admin. has done more to desegregate public schools than any previous admin., after which on Aug. 3 Nixon repudiates the plan, ordering that busing be limited "to the minimum required by law". On Apr. 20 (Adolf Hitler's birthday) the 420 Movement begins in San Rafael, Calif. to smoke pot at 4:20 p.m. as a protest to legalize it; ends ? On Apr. 21 PM #3 (since May 17, 1967) Siaka Probyn Stevens (1905-88) (Limba ethnic group) becomes pres. #1 of the new Repub. of Sierra Leone (until 1985), with his APC the sole legal party, going on to rule with an iron hand while incorporating multiple ethnic groups into the APC. On Apr. 21 Haitian pres. (since 1957) Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier (b. 1907) dies after using his Tonton Macoutes to kill 30K and exile thousands more, and on Apr. 22 his 19-y.-o. chip-off-the-block son Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier (1951-2014) succeeds him as pres. #41 for life of Hell-on-Earth Haiti (until Feb. 7, 1986); too bad, the U.S. decides to transform Haiti into the "Taiwan of the Caribbean", tailoring aid to create low-paying jobs assembling baseballs and other cheap products, while reshaping agriculture into export-based production and flooding Haiti with surplus U.S. agricultural products, causing people to flood to the cities looking for non-existent jobs and end up in overcrowded slums with low quality construction that make them easy prey for hurricanes and earthquakes. On Apr. 24 PM Ahti Karjalainen and Soviet PM Aleksei Kosygin agree to economic cooperation and a new 440 KW nuclear power plant for Finland. On Apr. 25 Socialist Pres. Franz Jonas is reelected in Austria for another six years. On Apr. 26 an agreement is signed easing the travel restrictions between East and West Germany in effect since 1961. On Apr. 27 South Korean pres. (since 1961) Park Chung-hee is reelected to a 3rd 4-year term, defeating New Dem. Party candidate Kim Dae-jung (Tae-jung) (1924-2009), who receives 45% of the vote despite Park portraying him as a pro-North Korean radical, and an assassination attempt via a truck crashing into his car, injuring him; his opposition grows so strong that Park declares a state of emergency in Dec. On Apr. 28 Samuel Lee Gravely Jr. (1922-2004) becomes the first African-Am. to be promoted to admiral in the history of the U.S. Navy; in Jan. 1962 he was the first black officer to command a U.S. Navy warship, the USS Theodore E. Chandler, and he goes on to rise to vice-adm. (3-star) and command the U.S. 3rd Fleet - at least the ridiculous Sambos on the sea will never make full admiral? In Apr. the Netherlands economy has a balance of payments surplus of $500M while capital floods in from abroad, causing a money supply surplus; elections cause the govt. of Piet de Jong to lose its majority, and after 63 days of negotiations a new coalition is formed with Barend Willem Biesheuvel (1920-2001), leader of the Anti-Rev. Party as PM #36 on July 6 (until May 11, 1973), with the Dem. Socialist Party, led by Dr. Willem Drees Jr. (1922-98) (whose father Drees Sr. was PM from 1948-58) breaking from the Dutch Labour Party (which it considers too leftist) and joining the ruling coalition for the 1st time. Amtrak goes into service between about 300 cities, combining and streamlining the operations of 18 intercity passenger railroads of the former Southern Pacific Railroad; the U.S. Dept. of Transportation owns all the preferred shares, constituting a majority of the stock; on May 13 the Brotherhood of Loafing, er, Locomotive Engineers agrees to scrap their 19th cent. divisional rule that requires freight trains to stop every 100 mi. to change crews, who call 100 mi. a day's work even though they only worked 2.5 hours. On May 1 U.S. secy. of state William P. Rogers begins a 5-nation tour of the Middle East to try to settle you know who's endless dispute. On May 1 the 1971 May Day Protests begin in Washington, D.C. leading to mass arrests and cries of civil rights violations, disturbing the Nixon admin. as damaging. On May 3 James Earl Ray is caught in a jailbreak attempt. On May 3 Walter Ulbricht, hardliner first. secy. of the East German Socialist Unity (Communist) Party (since 1960) resigns, and his hardliner (hard-necker?) disciple (since 1945) and security chief (since 1958) Erich Honecker (1912-94) is unanimously elected to succeed him (until 1989); Ulbricht continues as head of state. On May 3 All Things Considered debuts on U.S. public radio (until ?), hosted by Robert Conley, with daily in-depth news analyses supposedly not controlled by the govt. or major corps.; the first broadcast to 90 stations is about anti-Vietnam War protests in Washington, D.C. On May 3-5 thousands of anti-Vietnam War protesters calling themselves the Mayday Tribe stage demonstrations in Washington, D.C. aimed at (duh?) shutting the govt. down; on Jan. 16, 1975 the ACU wins a $12M damage suit on behalf of 1.2K protesters whose rights were violated when they were arrested during the demonstrations. On May 4 the U.S. dollar faces a massive speculative assault in European money markets, causing several countries to refuse to accept it; West Germany becomes the first to break ranks and float its currency. On May 8 the first U.S. 8-cent stamp is issued, commemorating the state of Mo. (1821-1971), with art work by Mo.-born muralist Thomas Hart "Tom" Benton (1889-1975). On May 10 the Soviet Kosmos 419 Mars probe is launched, but fails to leave Earth orbit. On May 10 a bus plunges off a 30-ft. cliff into a reservoir outside Kapyong, South Korea, killing 75. On May 10 two local buses on the Pinotepa Nat. Highway in Florencio Villareal, Guerrero, Mexico collide head-on, killing 30 and injuring 30. On May 12 the Communist Chilean govt. nationalizes the U.S.-owned copper industry, pissing-off the fatcats bigtime and causing them to pressure the U.S. govt. into overthrowing Salvador Allende. On May 12 the British Parliament passes the Courts Act of 1971, modernizing the court system of England and Wales, establishing the Crown Court while abolishing all assize curtws, quarter sessions et al. On May 12 British Rolling Stones singer Mick Jagger (1943-) marries French-speaking Nicaraguan activist Bianca Perez-Mora Macias (1950-) in St. Tropez, France; they divorce in 1980 after having daughter Jade Jezebel Jagger (1971-). On May 12 the 6.3 Burdur Earthquake (220 mi. SW of Ankara) in Turkey kills 100; on May 22 the 6.9 Bingol Earthquake (410 mi. SE of Ankara) kills 1K+ and leaves 15K homeless. On May 13 Pres. "Tricky Dicky" Nixon makes taped private comments exposing his private prejudices and vices, starting with his new IRS commissioner, saying "I want to be sure he is a ruthless son of a bitch, that he will do what he's told, that every income tax return I want to see I see, that he will go after our enemies and not go after our friends", followed by homos, with the soundbyte: "You see, homosexuality, dope, immorality in general, these are the enemies of strong societies. That's why the Communists and the left-wingers are pushing the stuff. They're trying to destroy us", and "The Bohemian Grove, which I attend from time to time, it is the most faggy goddamned thing you could ever imagine, with that San Francisco crowd. I can't shake hands with anybody from San Francisco", followed by by blacks, saying "We're going to [put] more of these little Negro bastards on the welfare rolls at $2,400 a family. Let people like Pat Moynihan... believe in all that crap, but I don't believe in it. Work, work, throw 'em off the rolls. That's the key... I have the greatest affection for them, but I know they're not going to make it for 500 years. They aren't. You know it, too. The Mexicans are a different cup of tea. They have a heritage. At the present time they steal, they're dishonest, but they do have some concept of family life. They don't live like a bunch of dogs, which the Negroes do live like." On May 15 the Corrective Rev. in Egypt is launched by Pres. Anwar Sadat to purge Nasserists, along with liberals and Islamists. On May 15 Israeli ambassador to Turkey Efraim Elrom is kidnapped by the Turkish Liberation Army, and found dead in Istanbul on May 28, causing the govt. to step up its crackdown on leftists. On May 16 Albanian voters approve a new constitution and replace the presidium of the nat. assembly with a state council. On May 16 the price of a U.S. first class stamp (which started in 1885 at 2 cents) jumps from 6 to 8 cents, and on July 1 the new U.S. Postal Service (USPS) begins operation; new postal regs cause mags. to have to shrink their formats, and on Oct. 19 Look mag. ceases pub. after 34 years (since 1937); on Mar. 2, 1974 the rate jumps to 10 cents, then to 13 cents on Dec. 31, 1975, and 15 cents on May 29, 1978; by May 11, 2009 it's up to 44 cents; on Aug. 21 the USPS issues an 8-cent commemorative stamped envelope honoring 10-pin bowling. On May 19 the SovietMars 2 space probe (consisting of an Orbiter and Lander) is launched, reaching Mars on Nov. 27, but the Lander crashes when braking rockets fail; the orbiter returns in 1972; on May 28 Mars 3 is launched, reaching Mars on Dec. 2; on Dec. 2 the Lander lands on Mars (first soft landing ever), but stops broadcasting after only 20 sec.; the Orbiter keeps operating until Aug. 1972. On May 20 NASA launches Pioneer 12 (Venus 1), which on Dec. 4 becomes the first space probe to orbit Venus, then burns up in the atmosphere on Oct. 8, 1992; on May 30 the $65M NASA Mariner 9, the first satellite to orbit Mars blasts off from Cape Kennedy; after a 5.5-mo. 247M mi. trip it goes into orbit around Mars on Nov. 13, becoming the first manmade craft to orbit rather than crash into another planet; it eventually returns 7,329 photos. On May 21 U.S. Army secy. Stanley E. Resor resigns after six years. On May 22 the $18.6M Lyndon Baines Johnson Library at the U. of Tex. campus in Austin is dedicated. On May 26 Pres. Nixon utters some more private taped comments, saying "You know, it's a funny thing, every one of the bastards that are out for legalizing marijuana is Jewish. What the Christ is the matter with the Jews, Bob? What is the matter with them? I suppose it is because most of them are psychiatrists." On May 28 Pres. Nixon orders chief of staff H.R. Haldeman to do more wiretapping and political espionage against the pesky Dems.; the smoking-gun orders are recorded on tape, which is later made public. On May 31 a proposal is made to the North Vietnamese by the U.S. that incl. a ceasefire-in-place, U.S. withdrawal, and the return of POWs. In May the Soviet Union, worried about U.S.-Chinese rapprochement signs a 20-year treaty of peace, friendship, and cooperation with Egypt, followed by one with India on Aug. 9, requiring them to consult with Moscow in a crisis in return for aid, becoming the first treaties signed with non-Communist countries since WWII. In May beat poet Lou Welch takes a gun, walks away from the residence of Zen poet Gary Snyder (b. 1930) in the Sierra foothills and is never seen again? In May French pres. Georges Pompidou and British PM Edward Heath reach an agreement permitting Britain's entry into the European Common Market. In May student demonstrators decide to test new pres. (since Dec. 1) Luis Echeverria Alvarez by shutting down the Autonomous U. of Nuevo Leon in Monterrey after a new law reduces its autonomy, causing Nuevo Leon gov. Eduardo Elizondo to call in police, pissing them off, but Echeverria intervenes and annuls the law and forces Elizondo to resign; too bad, on June 10 the Corpus Christi Massacre sees 10K leftist students demonstrating in Mexico City in support of Nuevo Leon attacked by busloads of govt.-backed thugs in civilian clothing armed with clubs and chains, who kill 25 and wound 150+, causing a backlash against Echeverria, who stages a coverup, after which he isn't charged until July 2004; meanwhile his tenure as presidente goes kaput, which doesn't stop him from continuing to run the corrupto asqueroso Mexican govt. behind the scenes as the Shadow Shepherd. In May despite a $30M-$50M endowment, Synanon founder (1958) Charles E. "Chuck" Dederich Sr. (1913-97) stops supplying free cigarettes to his captive ex-heroin addicts, and bans smoking on Synanon property, causing about 100 to quit the program, with one addict saying that giving up cigs is harder than giving up smack; too bad, he hates quitters, and declares Synanon a religion in 1974, descending into abuse of members who quit, then ends up getting caught ordering members to kill pesky atty. Paul Morantz on Oct. 10, 1978 by putting a de-rattled rattlesnake in his mailbox that bites him and causes him to be hospitalized for six days, and is forced to resign after pleading no contest and receiving a 5-year sentence of probation along with a $5K fine in 1980. In May the U.S. FDA advises against eating swordfish because of high mercury levels. In May Denver, Colo.-born T.L. Winslow (1953-) graduates from Abraham Lincoln High School in S Denver, Colo. (class size 750); at the time it is 90%+ white, but by the end of the cent. it is 90%+ Hispanic; in Aug. he begins attending the U. of Colo. in Boulder, soon discovering software and computers, which he takes to like a duck to water, starting with a timeshared Nova minicomputer with BASIC, and a CDC-6400 mainframe with FORTRAN; meanwhile Winslow's Famous BBQ (originally City Market Barbecue) opens in Kansas City, Mo., owned by Don Winslow Jr. (1954-94), "the Sultan of Smokes", followed by his brother Dave Winslow, becoming a local legend until it closes in Oct. 2017 - no relation? On June 1 Brazil announces a 200-mi. territorial water limit, expanding the former 12-mi. limit. On June 1 the 2-room shack in Tupelo, Miss. where Elvis Presley was born is opened to the public as a tourist attraction. On June 3 Teamsters pres. (since 1958) James Riddle "Jimmy" Hoffa (1913-75) announces from prison (where he's been since 1967) that he is not a candidate for reelection after working a deal with Pres. Nixon to be pardoned in exchange for resigning next year - erection, maybe? On June 3 Sergey Mikhailovich Izvekov becomes patriarch #15 of Moscow and all Russia Pimen I (1910-90) (until May 3, 1990), going on to see the atheistic Soviet Union bite the dust. On June 4 Pres. Nixon sends Congress the first-ever Comprehensive Pres. Energy Message, announcing plans to build a liquid metal fast breeder nuclear reactor demonstration plant by 1980, calling it the best hope for clean economical energy; on Sept. 26 he authorizes a 2nd experimental reactor. On June 5-6 a series of bombs explode in Belfast, North Ireland, injuring eight. On June 6 the The Ed Sullivan Show ends after 23 years (June 20, 1948); Sullivan dies on Oct. 13, 1974 of esophageal cancer. On June 7 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Cohen v. Calif. that it's not a crime of disturbing the peace for a man to wear a jacket with the words "Fuck the Draft" in a courthouse. On June 7 WHO reports that cholera has broken out among 4.7M East Pakistani war refugees in India. On June 7 a municipal employee strike in New York City over a proposed pension plan causes massive traffic tieups. On June 8 12 men, most of them members of the outlawed opposition Kenya People's Union (KPU) are found guilty of conspiring to overthrow Kenyan pres. Jomo Kenyatta; armed forces chief of staff Maj. Gen. J.L.N. Ndolo resigns on July 1. On June 11 U.S. marshals, FBI agents, and special forces swarm Alcatraz Island and remove the 15 Native American occupiers, ending their 19-mo. occupation; they find a total of 5 women, 4 children, and 6 unarmed men. On June 11-13 the Espinay Congress in France gives Francois Mitterand leadership of the French Socialist Party. On June 12 Pres. Nixon's daughter Patricia "Tricia" Nixon (1946-) marries Princeton and Harvard-educated atty. Edward Ridley Finch Cox (1946-) in the White House Rose Garden in a major social event of the year ("akin to American royalty" - Life Mag.), becoming the 8th daughter of a pres. to be married in the White House (next in ?). On June 13 steep increases in arrests of women for major crimes causes the 400-bed Women's Detention Center in New York City to close due to overcrowding. On June 5 the $1.2B McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System opens, sponsored by U.S. Sens. Robert Samuel Kerr (1896-1963) (D-Okla.) (1949-63) and John Little McClellan (1896-1977) (D-Ark) (1943-77), connecting the Verdigris River in Okla., the Arkansas River, the Mississippi River, and the White River in Ark. incl. the Arkansas Post Canal, turning the Arkansas River into a navigable inland waterway system containing 17 locks and dams from the Tulsa Port of Catoosa to the Gulf of Mexico, bringing in $3B in commercial-industrial development to the Arkansas River basin by 1973. On June 16 the El Greco sketch The Immaculate Conception, stolen in Spain in 1936 is recovered in New York City by the FBI. On June 17 the U.S. and Japan sign the Okinawa Reversion Agreement, under which the U.S. promises to return control of the island of Okinawa on May 15, 1972 after 27 years of occupation, along with the Daito Islands and the other islands in the Ryuku group incl. Senyku; the U.S. gets to continue to maintain bases in Okinawa with reduced troop strength, causing militant leftists to riot in Tokyo in Nov.; the U.S. fishes in Micronesia for a place to put new bases, causing considerable opposition. On June 18 Marks, Miss.-born Frederick Wallace "Fred" Smith (1944-), son of the founder of Dixie Greyhound Bus Lines, who flew 200+ missions as a U.S. Marine pilot i n Vietnam and attended Yale U. with George W. Bush and John Kerry founds Federal Express (FedEx Express) in Memphis, Tenn. with his $4M inheritance plus $91M in venture capital (largest raised to date), becoming the world's first overnight express delivery co.; on Apr. 17, 1973 it begins offering service from Memphis Internat. Airport to 25 cities using 14 French-built Falcon DA-20 jets, which later end up in the Nat. Aeronautics and Space Museum; the first night it delivers 186 packages from Miami, Fla. to Rochester, N.Y.; it adds letter delivery in 1981, growing to handle 1M parcels and letters a day by 1989, eventually becoming a $30B+ air freight giant; Smith originally submitted the concept to his Yale economics class and got a C? On June 21 the Internat. Court of Justice in The Hague rules that South Africa's admin. control of South West Africa (Namibia) is illegal. On June 21 Dominic Mintoff (1916-), 1949 founder of the Malta Labour Party becomes PM of Malta (until 1984), continuing its program of integration with Britain despite opposition of Catholics; on Aug. 13 NATO announces that it will close its naval HQ on Malta after being requested. On June 21 the U.s. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents that an implied cause of action exists for an individual whose Fourth Amendment freedoms have been violated by the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, allowing him/her to sue for the violation itself despite the lack of any federal statute authorizing such a lawsuit, with the existence of a remedy for the violation implied by the importance of the right violated. On June 23 Britain settles major obstacles with the European Community, paving the way for it to join. On June 28 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court unanimously (8-0-1, with Thurgood Marshall recusing himself) rules in Clay v. U.S. to overturn boxer Muhammad Ali's 1967 draft evasion conviction, ruling that he had been drafted improperly and that the govt. failed to properly specify why his application for conscientious objector status was denied, with the soundbyte: "The record shows that [Ali's] beliefs are founded on tenets of the Muslim religion as he understands them" - after ruining his career with their endless deliberations they announce their total ignorance of the Muslim doctrine of jihad to permit all Muslims to refuse to fight for the infidel U.S.? On June 28 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 8-1 in Lemon v. Kurtzman to strike down a Penn. law permitting taxpayer funding of salaries and supplies for mostly Roman Catholic parochial schools, with the soundbyte: "First, the statute must have a secular legislative purpose; second, its principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion; finally, the statute must not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion", becoming known as the Lemon Test, which ends up being enforced in a patchwork pattern by lower courts, causing religious conservatives to predict that it will be reversed; the lone dissenter is Byron White; Justice Antonin Scalia later calls the Lemon Test a "ghoul in a late night horror movie". On June 28 1 after pissing-off other mob bosses for seeking publicity instead of lurking in the shadows, New York City mob boss Joseph "Joe" Colombo (1914-78) is shot 3x in the head by black gunman Jerome Johnson during an Italian-Am. Unity Day Parade in New York City's Columbus Circle, leaving him in a coma for life, after which Johnson is killed by Colombo's bodyguards; mobster Joseph "Joey" "Crazy Joe" "Joe the Blond" Gallo (1929-72), who has been recruiting blacks into the depleted Mafia is suspected, as is rival Carlo Gambino, and the FBI; 27 more are killed in the aftermath. On June 30 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in New York Times Co. v. U.S. that they could go on and pub. the classified Pentagon Papers, overrriding Pres. Nixon's executive order thanks to the First Amendment, with Hugo Black writing the soundbyte: "In the First Amendment the Founding Fathers gave the free press the protection it must have to fulfill its essential role in our democracy. The press was to serve the governed, not the governors. The Government's power to censor the press was abolished so that the press would remain forever free to censure the Government. The press was protected so that it could bare the secrets of government and inform the people. Only a free and unrestrained press can effectively expose deception in government... The word 'security' is a broad, vague generality whose contours should not be invoked to abrogate the fundamental law embodied in the First Amendment"; dissenters incl. Justices Burger, Harlan, and Blackmun. On June 30 Yugoslavia passes constitutional amendments limiting the powers of the federal govt. vis a vis the six local repubs., and establishes a collective state presidency of 22 members which gives equal rep. to all of them. In June after two U.S. congressmen visit Vietnam and report that 10% of U.S. servicemen (up to 16% of whom are black) are addicted to heroin, Pres. Nixon announces that his admin. will give drugs top priority, with emphasis on treatment centers. In June Southwest Airlines (originally Air Southwest) begins operations in Tex. with four planes, featuring a 20-min. turnaround (vs. 45 min. for their competitors), and giving employees 15% ownership, undercutting competitors to grow to the #5 commercial U.S. air carrier, with 400 jets serving 60 cities and carrying 65M passengers a year; meanwhile United Airlines becomes the first to offer separate smoking and non-smoking sections, after which in 1973 the U.S. Civil Aeronautics Authority mandates separate smoking and non-smoking sections in all airplanes. On July 1 the British Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act supersedes the 1217 Charter of the Forest, the longest-lasting statute in English history. On July 3 after quitting the band in Mar. and moving to Paris to write poetry, 27-y.-o. ever-stoned "don't you love her madly" rock singer Jim (James Douglas) Morrison (b. 1943) of The Doors is found dead in his apt. in Paris by his babe (since 1965) Pamela Susan "Pam" Courson (1946-74), who inherits his fortune then ODs on heroin at the same age as him, causing a catfight with both sets of parents, which Courson wins. On July 3 after outlawing the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), Indonesia holds its first parliamentary elections in 16 years, and the ruling Sekberg Golkar coalition govt. wins a sweeping 60% V with an 85% turnout among 57M eligible voters (out of a pop. of 126M), giving it 300 of 460 seats (100 appointed by Pres. Suharto); 42K Communist rebels are held in prison. On July 6 Malawi pres. (since 1966) Hastings Walter Kamuzu Banda (1896-1997) (known for wearing English-style 3-piece suits with matching handkerchiefs and fly whisk), is sworn-in as pres. for life on Malawi's 5th anniv., tightening up his repressive police state, complete with dress code for men (no beards or long hair) and women (no trousers or baring of thighs); on Aug. 20 he becomes the first black head of state to visit the Repub. of South Africa, stinking himself up; too bad, his plans don't work out and he is ousted on May 24, 1994. On July 6 Romanian dictator (1965-89) Nicolae Ceausescu (1918-89) issues the quasi-Maoist July Theses to the executive committee of the Romanian Communist Party, ordering a return to Stalianism and Socialist realism, and a crackdown on intellectuals; he doesn't really get bad until the 1980s? On July 8 the U.S. and the Soviet Union open the 5th round of SALT talks in Helsinki, Finland. On July 8 British soldiers kill two Catholic civilians in North Ireland, causing the Free Derry Riots. On July 9 the U.S. turns over complete responsibility for the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) to South Vietnamese units. On July 9-11 nat. security affairs advisor Henry Kissinger makes a Secret Trip to China, meeting with Zhou Enlai and promising to normalize relations in Nixon's 2nd term, incl. stabbing Taiwan in the back and withdrawing two-thirds of U.S. military forces after the Vietnam War ends, causing Pres. Nixon on July 15 to announce an unprecedented visit to China planned for next year to seek a "normalization of relations"; on July 10 the U.S. delegation is served Peking Duck for lunch, wowing Kissinger, who visits Beijing in 1976 after Zhou Enlai's death to enjoy it again - wowing everybody? On July 11 a Cubana de Aviacion aircraft is unsuccessfully hijacked in Cienfuegos, Cuba by two men. On July 13-19 Jordanian troops wipe out Palestinian guerrillas in N Jordan; 1.5K POWs are brought to Amman; Iraq and Syria break off relations with Jordan - and Egypt isn't speaking to them anymore? On July 14 Olafur Johannesson (1913-84) of the Progressive Party becomes PM #15 of Iceland (until Aug. 28, 1974), heading a leftist coalition; he returns from Sept. 1, 1978-Oct. 15, 1979. On July 16 the Belgian Chamber of Deputies approves constitutional reforms to pacify their French and Flemish-speaking communities. On July 18 New Zealand and Australia announce that they will pull their troops out of Vietnam by fall. On July 18 six of the Trucial States (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujaira, Sharja, Umm al Qaiwain) sign an agreement to create the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which is formalized on Dec. 2; Bahrain and Qatar, the largest and richest of the gulf states reject membership; Ras al Khaymah joins next year; Dubai (named after the local daba locust) uses its oil money to attract millions of foreigners to build a tourist and financial services mecca built on a medieval dictatorship and near-slave labor; after Iran claims Bahrain and other Persian Gulf islands in 1970, then makes an agreement with Britain to drop the claims in return for compensation, a plebiscite confirms the Arab identity of Bahrain, and the British withdraw on Dec. 16, making Bahrain an independent emirate. On July 18 50 years of friction and 10 years of terrorist activity by German-speaking separatists is ended by an agreement by Austria and Italy over the German-speaking Trentino-Alto Adige region of South Tyrol in N Italy which gives it considerable autonomy; in 1969 Italy had promised autonomy by 1974. The U.S. wins one behind the scenes in Sudan? On July 19-22 a Communist coup in Sudan led by Maj. Hashem al-Ata deposes Maj. Gen. Jafir Muhammad Nimeiri (Nimeri), but he is restored to power on July 22, denouncing the Sudanese Communist Party and executing Ata and three other rebel officers on July 23, followed by seven more (incl. two captured in Libya) in the next three days, and capping it all off by the hanging of Sudanese Communist Party leader Abdul Khalek Mahgoub on July 28, even though the latter denies any knowledge of the plot and the Soviet Union appeals for his life; on July 22 a British airliner carrying two rebel officers is forced by Libya to land in Bengasi, and they are handed over to Nimeiri for execution; anti-Arab federation Iraq, which recognized the Ata govt. sends a plane which mysteriously crashes in Saudi Arabia during the coup; in Sept. Nimeiri is elected Sudan's first pres. by 98.6% of the vote in a nat. referendum, and he is sworn in on Oct. 12, working to end hostilities in S Sudan. On July 20 the U.S. Selective Service System sets a new draft lottery to pick 19-y.-o. inductees for induction in 1972 - TLW's neck is on the chopping block? On July 20 wealthy Tokyo businessman Den Fujita (1926-2004) opens the first McDonald's restaurant in Tokyo after meeting Ray Kroc in Chicago; within 20 years, after teaching Japanese how to say "Big Mac and flies", and leading them to believe that the chain originated in their country (despite boats coming in from Idaho with potatoes, beef from Colo., and Coca-Cola from Ga.), there are over 700 McDonald's restaurants in Japan, and 3.8K by the time he dies in 2004, opening the way for other U.S. fast-food franchises - King George taught me how to catchy fish using magic saw? On July 21 Nederland, Colo. town marshal Renner LeRoy Forbes (1929-) pulls 19-y.-o. hippie Guy "Deputy Dawg" Goughnor from the Pioneer Inn tavern, drives to a remote area in Clear Creek County and shoots him in the head; Goughnor's body is found 1 mo. later, but the Colo. authorities claim insufficient evidence to try a sacred cow marshal for the killing of a non-cop; in 1997 at age 68 Forbes confesses to the murder, and is allowed to stay in a nursing facility without going to priz. On July 21 the New York Times pub. an article on Manhattan teenie tagger Taki 183, whose example inspires the graffiti movement. On July 23 6-term Liberian dictator-pres. (since 1944) William V.S. Tubman (b. 1895) dies in London following prostate surgery, and is succeeded by his long-time associate, vice-pres. (since 1951) William Richard Tolbert Jr. (1913-80), who is sworn-in next Jan. (until Apr. 12, 1980), going on to be even more inept and corrupt. On July 24 a Cuban expatriate hijacks a DC-8 from Miami, Fla. to Cuba, wounding a passenger and a stewardess. On July 26 (9:34 a.m. EDT) Apollo 15 is launched from Cape Kennedy atop a 363-ft. Saturn 5 rocket carrying astronauts David Randolph Scott (1932-), James B. Irwin (1930-), and Alfred Merrill Worden (1932-), becoming the first J mission, placing greater emphasis on scientific studies; on July 30 they land near Hadley Rille in the Marsh of Decay (Palus Putredinus), becoming the first Apollo mission to not land in a lunar mare; after driving their Lunar Rover (Lunar Roving Vehicle) (LRV) on the Moon on July 31, the astronauts splashdown in the P acific on Aug. 7 at 4:46 p.m. EDT, bringing 173 lbs. of moon rocks; the moon rocks were really collected by Wernher von Braun in Antarctica? Irwin leaves a microfilm copy of the 1947 poem I Am There by Am. poet James Dillet Freeman (1912-2003); in 2015 the Japanese Kayuga(Selenological and Engineering Explorer) lunar mission sends an image of the halo left by the lunar module engine exhaust plume, shutting critics up? On July 27 Pres. Nixon gives Mamie Eisenhower the first of the new Eisenhower Dollar Coins, designed by Frank Gasparro (1909-2001); they are issued until 1978. On July 28 the U.S. army command in South Vietnam announces that servicemen returning to the U.S. will be tested for heroin use - come on fellows, don't let fear stand in your way? On July 28 Finland announces that it would consider associating with the East European trade block, which would make them the first non-Communist country to do so. On July 30 Dzemal Bijedic (1917-77) (a Communist from Bosnia-Herzegovina) succeeds Mitja Ribichich as PM of Yugoslavia (until Jan. 18, 1977). On July 30 a Japanese Boeing 727 collides midair with a Japanese F-86 fighter jet over Morioka, Japan, killing 162. On July 30 Union Stock Yards in Chicago, Ill (opened on Dec. 25, 1865) close as slaughterhouses move closer to the sources of supply; meanwhile U.S. beef consumption is 113 lbs. per capita, up from 85.1 in 1960, peaking at 128.5 in 1976, for $25B total, incl. 50B hamburgers; a beef shortage this year causes Gen. Mills to introduce Hamburger Helper, which stretches 1 lb. of hamburger into a meal for five, and continues to be popular after the shortage ends. On July 30-Aug. 8 Canadian PM Trudeau tours Canada's Atlantic provinces. In July U.S. gold stocks drop below $10B for the 1st time since the 1940s. In July Britain assumes direct control of the 90%-black Caribbean island of Anguilla (modern pop. 13K); on Feb. 10, 1976 it grants the island its own constitution, with former pres. (1967-9) Ronald Webster (1926-) as chief minister until Feb. 1, 1977, and May 1980-Mar. 12, 1984; in 1980 it formally severs ties (since 1882) with Saint Kitts and Nevis. In July the Chinese govt. calls for reducing the goal per family from three children to two; each person in the U.S. uses 25x as many natural resources as a person in the U.K. or India? On Aug. 1 the Red River Delta Flood in North Vietnam kills 100K and affects 2.7M, getting called a "250-year flood". On Aug. 1 (Sun.) The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour debuts on CBS-TV for 63 episodes (until May 29, 1974), starring Salvatore Phillip "Sonny" Bono (1935-98) and Cher (Cherilyn Sarkisian) (1946-), who start each show with "The Beat Goes On" and end each show by singing "I Got You Babe", often with daughter Chastity Bono present; the show is canceled after they separate in fall 1974, after which "The Sonny Comedy Revue" debuts in 1974, followed in 1975 by "Cher"; they then get back together in fall 1976, with Cher married to Gregg Allman and pregnant with his child, and they resume with "The Sonny and Cher Show", but it is canceled after two seasons after it proves lame. On Aug. 2 after 20 years of opposition the U.S. Dept. of State ("Foggy Bottom") announces support for the U.N. membership of the Communist People's Repub. of China - a real booty exercise? On Aug. 5 the 1971 draft lottery picks TLW's birthday of Jan. 18 as #51, and on Feb. 2, 1972 the draft ends at the same time that he reaches the magic age of 20 in 1973; just kidding, he woulda got a college deferment? On Aug. 6 (40th anniv. of his death) the first annual Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival is held in Davenport, Iowa, becoming one of the largest jazz festivals in the U.S. On Aug. 9 King Hassan II of Morocco appoints a new got. headed by PM Mohamed Karim Lamrani. On Aug. 9 the heaviest Catholic-Protestant rioting in 50 years erupts in Northern Ireland after the Brits introduce Operation Demetrius (Internment), arresting 342 suspected of supporting paramilitary orgs. and jailing them without trial, while killing 14 and causing 7K (mostly Roman Catholics) to flee their homes; in Sept. the Protestant loyalists form the Ulster Defence Assoc. (UDA) to combat the Catholic republican IRA, adopting the name Ulster Freedom Fighters in 1973. On Aug. 12 Syria breaks off diplomatic relations with Jordan after a military clash along the border. On Aug. 13 the Youth Conservation Corps is established. Get on the Sheik Train? On Aug. 14 the sheikdom of Bahrain announces its independence from Britain after 110 years as a protectorate (since 1861), ruled by emir (since 1960) Sheik Isa bin Salman al-Khalifa (1933-99); Bahran is admitted to the Arab League, and becomes member #130 of the U.N. on Sept. 21; on Sept. 1 Qatar (pr. like gutter) (modern-day pop. 1.5M) under emir (1960-72) Sheik Ahmad bin Ali bin Abdullah Al-Thani (1917-77) declares its independence, and joins the Arab League; on Sept. 30 the sultanate of Oman under sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said (1940-) becomes member #131 of the U.N. On Aug. 15 after deciding that inflation is uncontrollable without his divine intervention, and noting that the U.S. is running its first trade deficit this year since 1888 ($2.05B), and taking the advice of U.S. treasury secy. John Connolly that as a temporary measure it might help insure his reelection, U.S. pres. (1969-74) Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-94) announces his New Economic Policy, AKA the Nixon Shock (along with the 1972 visit to China), incl. a 90-day wage, rent and price freeze (extended for another 1K days), and a 10% "surcharge" (tariff) on imported goods (violating trade agreements), and floats the U.S. dollar, suspending the convertibility of dollars into gold to stop France (which had been stockpiling Federal Reserve Notes since the early 1960s) and other nations from cleaning out Ft. Knox, effectively ending the 1944 Bretton Woods (N.H.) system of fixed internat. currency exchange rates and taking the U.S. off the Gold Standard; foreign exchange markets close; Nixon utters the soundbyte: "We are all Keynesians now" (or attempts to quote Milton Friedman's Feb. 4, 1966 statement in Time mag. with the lame version "I am now a Keynsian in economics"); the news causes the Dow Jones to jump a record 32.93 points on a record volume of 31.7M shares; the AFL-CIO announces that it has "absolutely no faith in the ability of President Nixon to successfully manage the economy of this nation", and refuses to cooperate in the wage freeze; too bad, after the surcharge causes the Japanese to have to revalue the yen in Dec., Nixon stops it on Dec. 20 and raises the official gold price, devaluing the dollar by 8.57%, then caves in on tariffs again in the Tokyo Round in 1973, letting the Japanese ramp up their imports, causing U.S. manufacturing to decay; he also guesses wrong about gold, as by 1980 it sells over $800 an oz. On Aug. 20 the Cambodian military launches a series of operations against the Khmer Rouge. On Aug. 20 the draft constitution of the Federation of Arab Repubs. (capital: Cairo), backed by Libyan dictator Col. Muammar Gaddaf is signed by its members Syria, Egypt, and Libya, and on Sept. 1 it is approved by the voters; on Oct. 3 Anwar al-Sadat is named pres.; too bad, it never materializes and is scrapped on Nov. 19, 1977. On Aug. 20 Red Cross officials representing North and South Korea meet in Panmunjom to discuss reuiniting families divided by the Korean War, becoming the first bilateral talks between members of the divided country since the war; they only talk briefly, then smile real big and shake hands across the table, and adjourn until Aug., continuing to Sept. 16 without an agreement. On Aug. 21 three prisoners and three guards are killed during an attempted prison escape at San Quentin, Calif. when, after meeting with his atty. Stephen Gingham, George Jackson (1942-) pulls a hidden automatic pistol from his "big hair". On Aug. 21 in the Philippines there is a grenade attack on a political rally of the opposition Liberal party which nearly wipes out the party's senatorial slate running against Ferdinand Marcos' Nacionalista Party. On Aug. 22 in Bolivia an extreme-right Socialist Falange coup led by Col. Hugo Banzer Suarez (1926-2002) deposes leftist army Gen. Juan Jose Torres and his Soviet-style legislature after a 10-mo. reign, and Banzer becomes pres. #62 of Bolivia (until July 21, 1978), relying on his U.S.-trained special forces to brutally kick dissidents down while throwing the country open to foreign investment - I just love the smell of a new car, don't you Miss Daisy? On Aug. 23-Sept. 3 the U.S., Soviet Union, France, and Britain agree to the Quadripartite Agreement, guaranteeing "unimpeded access" to Berlin - now they can save a bunch of money on their car insurance by switching to Geico? On Aug. 26 (50th anniv. of the 19th Amendment) 50K feminists stage the 2nd Strike (March) for Equality on Fifth Ave. in New York City, featuring the signs "Crush Phallic Imperialism", "Pills for Men", and "Don't Iron While the Strike is Hot"; New York City mayor John Lindsay proclaims Women's Equality Day, greets the city's first woman police capt., and meets with feminist leaders, agreeing to a "substantial increase" in the number of women in top city jobs; too bad, the lezzies later take over the event. On Aug. 29 eight black militant members of the Black Liberation Army (an offshoot of the Black Panthers) storm the Ingleside police station in San Francisco, Calif. and kill Sgt. John V. Young (b. 1920) with a shotgun and injure a civilian clerk; eight blacks are arrested in New Orleans in 1975, but the case is dismissed after allegations of police torture to obtain confessions; they had been waging a way against law enforcement from 1968-73, and that doesn't stop the enemy gang, er police force from doggedly pursuing them, finally arresting eight of them in Jan. 2007 days before a documentary on the abuse allegations is scheduled to air, incl. Harold Taylor (1948-) and Ronald Stanley Bridgeforth (1944-); meanwhile fellow member Herman Bell lures police officers Joseph Piagentini and Waverly Jones to a housing project in Harlem, N.Y., ambushing and killing them from behind, receiving a sentence then becoming a model prisoner, working with New York City leftists until they get him released in May 2018. In Aug. Queen Juliana of the Netherlands pays an official 10-day state visit to Indonesia, becoming the first reigning member of the House of Orange to visit their former (until 1949) possession. In Aug. U.S. Dem. Rep. Shirley Anita Chisholm (1924-2005) (from the 12th N.Y. Congressional District, which incl. Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant ghetto), the first and only black woman in Congress announces that she will seek the 1972 Democratic pres. nomination; on Sept. 26 she announces that she will enter the pres. primaries in Fla., Wisc., Calif., and N.C.; in Oct. she announces that she will not seek "anybody's endorsement", and says that her candidacy is "expendable", but a good platform for discussing minority rights. In Aug. Mrs. Nixon visits five states to inspect public recreational facilities; while in Calif. to deed 372 acres to the state for a park, she steps over the Mexican border to greet a cheering crowd - if she can do it? On Sept. 3 a Cuban expatriate unsuccessfully hijacks a plane from Chicago, Ill. to Cuba, and receives a 20-year sentence on Mar. 6, 1972. On Sept. 4 an Alaska Airlines Boeing 727 jet crashes into the Chilkoot Mts. near Juneau, killing 111. On Sept. 4 Maj. Gen. Hassan al-Amri goes into exile in Lebanon after being forced to resign as PM of Yemen. On Sept. 5 a bus crashes on a mountain road outside Jinhae, South Korea, killing 17 and injuring 16. On Sept. 6 in Montevideo, Uruguay 100 Tupamaro guerrillas escape from prison. On Sept. 6 China agrees to provide North Korea with military assistance. On Sept. 7 Pres. Nison sends to his atty. John Dean his Nixon's Enemies List (AKA Opponents List, Political Enemies Project), which Dean later reveals to at the Senate Watergate hearings, after which CBS journalist Daniel Louis Schorr (1916-2010) (last active journalist from Edward R. Murrow's Boys) obtains a copy and reads it on the air, discovering his own name on it in the process for one of TV's magic moments? On Sept. 8 the U.S. Congress reconvenes after a 1-mo. summer recess; meanwhile, Pres. Nixon privately tells John Ehrlichman to investigate the tax returns of rich Jews contributing to the Dem. campaigns of Humphrey and Muskie? On Sept. 9-13 after discovering racially-biased sentences and parole decisions, and hearing of the Sept. 9 shooting of San Quenin black radical prisoner George Jackson, 1.3K pissed-off prisoners seize control of the maximum-security 2.2K-inmate Attica Correctional Facility near Buffalo, N.Y., taking 33 hostages and beginning a siege that claims 43 lives (11 guards and 32 inmates, incl. 9 hostages) and injures 80+ before 1.5K state troopers, sheriff's deputies and prison guards move in and quell the rebellion early on Sept. 13; for the first days, authorities agree to 28 prisoner demands, but balk at amnesty and removal of the supt.; the final assault by the New York State Police pumps 2.5K hollow tip and deer slug bullets into a 50 yd. x 50 yd. enclosure for 10 min., creating mucho carnage; riot leader Samuel Joseph Melville (Grossman) (b. 1934) (leader of the Weather Underground, known for his 1969 bombings of blgs. in New York City, plus a Mar. 7, 1970 escape attempt at a federal courthouse) is killed; other leaders incl. Elliott "L.D." Barkley and Tommy Hicks; N.Y. gov. Nelson Rockefeller is called a murderer, becoming the worst Rockefeller criticism since the 1914 Ludlow Massacre; on Aug. 28, 2000 a federal court awards the survivors $8M, incl. $25K to Melville's son Josh Melville. On Sept. 10 Pres. Nixon is informed and approves of John Ehrlichman's plan to steal Vietnam War records from the Nat. Archives Bldg. On Sept. 10 the U.S. completes removal of poison gas from bases in Okinawa. On Sept. 11 internat. shoe salesman Nikita Khrushchev (b. 1894) dies at at age 77 in Moscow after seven years of house arrest - I love my career, or should I say careers? On Sept. 11 Egyptian pres. #3 (since Oct. 15, 1970) Anwar al-Sadat announces that a nat. referendum has overwhelmingly approved a new 1971 Egyptian Constitution, providing for a Dem. Socialist Arab state, with Article 2 establishing Islam as the official religion and Arabic as the official language, with the right to private ownership recognized. On Sept. 11 (night) the Walkie-Talkie (Baker St.) Bank Robbery sees Lloyds Bank in Baker St., London robbed of Ł500K in jewelry and valuables by robbers who tunnel 50 ft. under the Chicken Inn Restaurant and goof up and talk in the clear on you know whats, which are intercepted by a ham radio operator and forwarded to the police; too bad, they still don't catch them, finding "Let Sherlock Holmes try to solve this" written inside the safe; Walter Cronkite mentions it on his CBS Evening News broadcast. On Sept. 11 ABC-TV debuts the Sat. morning animated cartoon series The Jackson 5ive for 23 episodes (until Oct. 14, 1972), featuring two Jackson 5 hits per show; on Sept. 19 the Jackson 5's first TV special Goin' Back to Indiana airs, with guests Diana Ross, Bill Cosby, Tommy Smothers, and Bobby Darin. On Sept. 13-14 Pres. Nixon makes more private taped comments, telling Bob Haldeman, "Now here's the point, Bob. Please get the names of the Jews. You know, the big Jewish contributors to the Democrats. Could you please investigate some of the cocksuckers? That's all", followed by "What about the rich Jews? The IRS is full of Jews." On Sept. 15 Greenpeace is founded in Vancouver, Canada by former Navy diver James Bohlen (1926-) et al. to protest nuclear testing in the Pacific as a group of activists set sail for Amchitka, Alaska in an aging 80-ft. boat named Greenpeace to "bear witness" to destructive U.S. nuclear weapons testing in the Aleutian Islands, becoming known as the "Rainbow Warriors" as they stop a planned nuclear test by the U.S. On Sept. 14 (Tues.) Quinn Martin's detective series Cannon debuts on CBS-TV for 124 episodes (until Mar. 3, 1978), starring pudgy William Conrad (John William Cann Jr.) (1920-94) as a P.I. in Los Angeles, Calif., who retired from the LAPD after the deaths of his wife and son in a car accident, and wants to investigate what really happened, and likes to tool around in a dark blue Lincoln Continental Mark IV. On Sept. 15 (Wed.) The NBC Mystery Movie debuts (until 1977), featuring a mysterious figure carrying a flashlight in the opening credits; it later splits into Columbo on Sept. 15 for 69 episodes (until Sept. 1, 1978), starring Peter Falk (1927-), McCloud on Sept. 22 for 46 episodes (until Apr. 17, 1977), starring William Dennis Weaver (1924-2006), and McMillan and Wife on Sept 17 for 40 episodes (until Apr. 24, 1977), starring Rock Hudson (1925-85) and next generation Shirley MacLaine Susan Saint James (Susan Jane Miller) (1946-) (until Apr. 24, 1977). On Sept. 16 (Thur.) the legal drama series Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law debuts on ABC-TV for 69 episodes (until Aug. 14, 1974), starring Arthur Edward Spence Hill (1922-2006) as compassionate Santa Barbara, Calif. defense atty. Owen Marshall, David Soul (David Richard Solberg) (1943-) as asst. Ted Warrick, Reni Santoni (1939-) as asst. Danny Paterno, and Lee Majors (Harvey Lee Yeary) (1939-) as asst. Jess Brandon. On Sept. 17 a bus carrying Canadian tourists collides with a truck outside Valdependas, Spain, killing 17. On Sept. 17 The Persuaders! debuts on ITV for 24 episodes (until Feb. 25, 1972), starring Tony Curtis (1925-2010) as Danny Wilde, and Roger George Moore (1927-2017) as Lord Brett Sinclair, two internat. playboys who solve hard cases; it flops in the U.S., but is a hit in Europe with funny subtitles. On Sept. 18 Egyptian and Israeli forces exchange heavy fire along the Suez Canal - the first exchange since the Aug. 1970 ceasefire. On Sept. 18 the comedy Funny Face, starring Sanda Kay "Sandy" Duncan (1946-) debuts on CBS-TV, then is pulled after the Dec. 11 show after 13 episodes (#8 Nielsen rating) when she has to undergo eye surgery. On Sept. 18 a Concert for Bangladesh is played in the Oval in Kensington, London, featuring The Who, Matt the Hoople, Quintessence, America, Rod Stewart and the Faces et al. On Sept. 19 a cyclone and tidal wave from the Bay of Bengal kill 10K in Orissa, India. On Sept. 21 the U.S. Congress extends military conscription through June 1973, renewing the draft which had expired on June 30. On Sept. 21 the 26th session of the U.S. General Assembly convenes, electing Indonesian foreign minister Adam Malik (1917-84) as pres. On Sept. 28 after Pope Paul VI annuls the excommunications of his political opponents and calls him a "victim of history" (intead of Communism), Hungarian Cardinal Jozsef Mindszenty ends a 15-year exile in the U.S. embassy in Budapest (since 1956), and moves to Vienna; too bad, the pope decides he's too old to be primate of the Hungarian Roman Catholic Church, and offers a deal to publish his memoirs if he steps down, but he refuses - I'm plum worn out not? On Sept. 30-Nov. 5 the Third Bishops' Synod on the Eucharist (1967, 1969) is held in the Vatican, and by a 107-87 vote they recommend that the prohibition against married priests be reaffirmed - Catholic parents, watch your boys? The Sept. issue of Scientific American contains the soundbyte: "If ever an energy source can be said to have arrived in the nick of time, it is nuclear energy"; there are 20 nuclear power plants operating in the U.S., with 100+ more being built (30 in operation, 51 under construction and 72 on order next year), plus 90+ operating outside the U.S. On Oct. 1 Walt Disney World in Orlando, Fla. opens. On Oct. 2 the syndicated African-Am. musical variety show Soul Train debuts for 1,117 episodes (until Mar. 25, 2006), created and hosted by Chicago-born Donald Cortez "Don" Cornelius (1936-). On Oct. 3 Nguyen Van Thieu (the only candidate) is reelected to a 2nd 4-year term as pres. of the Repub. of (South) Vietnam, with 91.5% of the 6.3M votes cast (largest turnout ever); Tran Van Huong is reelected as vice-pres.; a demonstration by 3K students on Oct. 2 causes the U. of Hue to be closed; Nguyen Cao Ky and Gen. Duong Van Ming announce their candidacy but withdraw, charging that the election is rigged; Thieu is inaugurated on Oct. 31, releasing the first of 3K Viet Cong prisoners given amnesty earlier in the year. On Oct. 3 royal gov. William Gopallawa abolishes Ceylon's Senate, leaving the House of Reps. as its only legislative body. On Oct. 6 the Los Angeles Times reports that federal agents had caught 36 illegal immigrants in a raid on the Ramona's Mexican Food Products food processing plant owned by Romana Acosta Banuelos (Bańuelos) (1925-), who had three weeks earlier been named by Pres. Nixon to be treasurer of the U.S.; Nixon orders the income tax returns of Los Angeles Times publisher Otis Chandler audited; Banuela serves as U.S. treasurer #34 from Dec. 17 through May 8, 1974. becoming the first Hispanic. On Oct. 7 Pres. Nixon announces Phase 2 of his inflation fighter plan (to begin Nov. 12), continuing wage-price restraints, and establishing various Socialist-style boards to run the admin. machinery - is Quaker Emperor Tricky Dicky going Commie in his old age? On Oct. 8 Pres. Nixon attends the 35th annual State Forest Festival in Elkins, W. Va., becoming the first U.S. pres. to visit all 50 states, beating FDR's record of 48. On Oct. 9 a Canadian man hijacks a Boeing 737 en route from Anchorage, Alaska, but is captured in Vancouver, Canada before he can reach Cuba, receiving a 20-year sentence on May 12, 1972. On Oct. 9-17, 1971 the Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) defeat the Baltimore Orioles (AL) 4-3 to win the Sixty-Eighth (68th) (1971) World Series; after ending the regular season needing just 118 hits for a career total of 3,000, San Juan, Puerto Rico-born Pittsburgh's #21 Roberto Enrique Clemente (Sp. "merciful") Walker (1934-72) has 12 hits in 29x at bat (1 short of the record), becoming the leading hitter of the WS, playing in 15 All-Star Games before his tragic death in a plane crash on Dec. 31, 1972 en route to deliver aid to earthquake victims in Nicaragua; the 1971 Orioles end the season with 4 20-game winners incl. Jim Palmer, Dave McNally, Mike Cuellar, and Pat Dobson, becoming the greatest MLB pitching rotation (until ?); #2 is the 1954 Cleveland Indians with Bob Feller, Bob Lemon, Early Wynn (great name for a pitcher?), and Big Mike Garcia. On Oct. 10 Bruno Kreisky and his Socialist Party win an absolute majority in gen. elections in Austria, becoming the 1st time in its democratic history that one party enjoys an absolute majority (until 1983). On Oct. 10 after attempts to widen it damage the foundations and cause it to sink at the rate of 1 in. every eight years, causing one end to become 4 in. lower than the other, and Am. chainsaw entrepreneur Robert Paxton McCulloch (1911-77) buys it, the transplanted London Bridge (opened 1831) opens over the Colorado River in Lake Havasu City, Ariz. (founded 1964) as part of a theme park; a bargain at only $2.46M for the bridge, and a total of $15M incl. the transplant. On Oct. 10 the BBC-TV series Upstairs, Downstairs debuts (until Dec. 21, 1975), about the differences between the lives of the masters upstairs and the servants downstairs in Edwardian and Georgian London; the first episode is written by English feminist Fay Weldon (1931-). On Oct. 11 former PM (1962-8) Jens Otto Krag of the Social Dem. Party becomes PM of Denmark again (until Oct. 5, 1972), replacing the center-right coalition govt. of Hilmar Baunsgaard. On Oct. 12 the U.S. House of Reps. by 354-23 passes the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), originally drafted by Alice Stokes Paul (1885-1977) in 1923 and sponsored by Martha Wright Griffiths (nee Wright) (1912-2003) (D-Mich.); "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex"; after Hawaii becomes the first state to ratify it, it is ratified in ?. On Oct. 14 the Shah of Iran presides over a lavish 2500th Anniv. Party for the Persian Empire (founded by Cyrus the Great) amid the ruins of Persepolis, with 500 guests from 70 nations. On Oct. 19 the Munich U-Bahn in Germany opens, becoming Munich's first subway, just in time for the 1972 Munich Summer Olympics; by 2000 it has 90 stations and 900K riders a day. On Oct. 20 the Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to West German chancellor Willy Brandt for beginning the German reunification. On Oct. 21 Pres. Nixon nominates asst. U.S. atty.-gen. (since 1969) William Hubbs Rehnquist (1924-2005) (from Milwaukee, Wisc.) (a right-winger who graduated #1 from Stanford Law School and campaigned for Barry Goldwater in 1964) to the U.S. Supreme Court to replace John Marshall Harlan II (1955-71) (who retired on Sept. 17) and Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. (1907-98) (from Richmond, Va.) to replace Hugo L. Black (1937-71) (who died on Sept. 24); Nixon considered nominating Calif. state appeals court judge Mildred Lillie (1915-2002), but the ABA reported her to be unqualified; Powell is confirmed as U.S. Supreme Court justice #99 (until June 26, 1987) by the Senate 89-1 on Dec. 6, followed by Rehnquist (hiding from a white supremacist past?) as U.S. Supreme Court justice #100 by a creaky 68-26 vote on Dec. 10 (until Sept. 3, 2005) after his supporters invoke cloture to stop a filibuster; Powell later moves to the center-left, while Rehnquist stays to the right. On Oct. 22 PM Lon Nol imposes a state of emergency in Cambodia, suspending the constitution to prevent an alleged threatened outbreak of violence. On Oct. 25 over the objection of the U.S. by a 76-35 vote (17 abstentions), U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 2758 recognizes the People's Repub. of China (PRC) (Red China) as the sole lawful representative to the U.N.; they also vote "to expel forthwith the representatives of Chang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupy at the United Nations"; on Nov. 15 the PRC is seated at the U.N. for the first time, taking the Repub. of China's seat on the U.N. Security Council. On Oct. 25 a Puerto Rican man hijacks a Boeing 747 bound for San Juan, Puerto Rico from New York City to Cuba. On Oct. 25 The Electric Company debuts on daytime PBS-TV for elementary school children for 780 episodes (until Apr. 15, 1977), produced by the Children's Television Workshop. On Oct. 26-31 a tidal wave and cyclone on Orissa on the E coast of India kills 15K. On Oct. 27 Pres. Joseph Desire Mobutu, head of the one and only political party, the Popular Movement of the Rev. renames his country the Dem. Repub. of Congo (formerly Belgian Congo) to the Repub. of Zaire, and changes of the name of the Congo River to the Zaire River; he changes the name of Katanga Province to Shaba Province. On Oct. 28 Britain's House of Commons votes to join the European Economic Community (EEC) (Common Market) (in Jan. 1973) after 10 years of diddling; the U.S. position as the economic king of the hill now has a contender. On Oct. 29 the U.S. Senate by a 41-27 vote refuses to authorize the continuation of U.S. foreign aid (the 1st time in over 20 years); the current program is temporarily extended before Congress adjourns on Dec. 17. On Oct. 29 Finnish PM Ahti Karjalainen and his center-left coalition govt. resign over a $4.5M farm subsidy increase, and pres. Urho Kekkonen appoints a caretaker govt. headed by Teuvo Auro with a gen. election scheduled for Jan. 1972. On Oct. 29 a man, his two sons, and a teenie hijack an Eastern Airlines jet from Houston, Tex. to Havana, killing a ticket agent. On Oct. 31 Saigon begins the release of 1,938 POWs to Hanoi. In Oct. the U.S. gives the first hints that it is considering devaluation of the once almighty U.S. dollar. In Oct. New York City hero cop Francesco Vincent "Frank" Serpico (1936-) breaks the infamous code of silence of the men of blue and testifies at the Knapp Commission hearings about rampant stinking police corruption in the Big Apple after his brothers in blue begin treating him like manure, setting him up on Feb. 3, 1971 to be shot in the face with a .22 handgun by a drug suspect, which he survives with disabilities; on May 14 the police commissioner gives him a medal and promotes him to detective, and he goes on to rat out the prof. criminals in blue, then wisely retires on June 15, 1972, so that biz can go back to usual in copland? On Nov. 1 Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and Britain sign a 5-nation Asian defense pact superseding the British-Malaysian-Singapore defense treaty that gave Britain sole responsibility for security. On Nov. 4 Chancellor Bruno Kreisky heads a new all-Socialist govt. in Austria after a sweeping election V. On Nov. 5 a bus plunges down a 900-ft. mountain slope in Yeongdo-gu, Busan, South Korea, killing 26 and injuring 30. On Nov. 6 the U.S. ignores protests by Canada, Japan, and many scientists to explode a 5MT H-bomb on the Alaskan island of Amchitka in the Aleutian Islands. On Nov. 8 4-star Gen. John David Lavelle (1916-79), 7th Air Force cmdr. in Vietnam markedly increases the number of bombing raids against North Vietnam, which last until Mar 8, 1972; too bad, the Pentagon and Congress accuses him of ordering the bombing without authorization, demoting him to Maj. Gen. and forcing him to retire in disgrace; he is posth. cleared in 2010, and Pres. Obama asks the Senate to restore his honor and stars. On Nov. 8 a bus and truck collide outside Korat, Thailand, killing 27 and injuring 20. On Nov. 10 the U.S. Senate votes 84-6 to rafity the Okinawa treaty. On Nov. 10 two women are tarred and feathered in Belfast, North Ireland for dating British soldiers, while in Londonderry a Roman Catholic girl is tarred and feathered for trying to marry a Protestant British soldier. The original Beavis and Butthead? On Nov. 11 Clifford M. Hardin resigns, and Pres. Nixon nominates Eisenhower admin. agricultural official (Purdue U. grad) Earl Lauer Butz (1909-2008) as U.S. agriculture secy., who is confirmed by a 51-44 Senate vote on Dec. 2, and takes office as secy. #18 next Jan. 2 (until Oct. 4, 1976), going on to revolutionize federal agricultural policy, advising farmers to "get big or get out" and to plant crops "from fencerow to fencerow"; too bad, his love of King Corn causes Am. diets to become too dependent on corn, esp. high fructose corn syrup? On Nov. 12 Pres. Nixon announces the withdrawal of 45K more troops from Vietnam by Jan. 1972. On Nov. 13 Mariner 9 becomes the first space probe to orbit another planet, Mars; after waiting out a global dust storm it takes 7,329 revealing pictures of the Martian surface incl. the polar caps and volcanoes. On Nov. 24 Shenouda III (1923-2012) becomes Coptic pope #117 of Egypt (until Mar. 17, 2012). On Nov. 16 the 6th round of the U.S.-Soviet SALT talks begins in Vienna - the salt of the Earth? On Nov. 17 PM (since 1963) Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn (1911-2004) seizes the govt. of Thailand in a bloodless coup as a precaution against Communist infiltration (until Oct. 14, 1973), then abolishes the constitution and declares martial law - kiddy porn? On Nov. 20 the U.S. offers to give Turkey $35M for farmers who agree to stop growing opium poppies - why should they take a pay cut? On Nov. 22 the Indo-Pakistan War of Independence begins after guerrilla fighting escalates on the border of East Pakistan, and India masses 12 divs. near the border; on Dec. 1 India launches a full scale attack against Pakistan, invading East Pakistan (Bengal) on Dec. 4 and routing West Pakistani occupation forces to support the new state of Bangladesh, all without a formal declaration of war, causing the U.S. to suspend arms shipments to India, having done the same to Pakistan in Sept.; on Dec. 3 Pakistan attacks Indian airfields in Kashmir and India mobilizes its army; on Dec. 6 India recognizes the new Dem. Repub. of Bangladesh, and Pakistan breaks off diplomatic relations; on Dec. 16, AKA Victory Day Pakistan surrenders, ending the war, and on Dec. 20 Pakistani pres. Yahya Khan is forced to resign, and placed under house arrest; on Dec. 20 Berkeley, Calif. and Oxford-educated deputy PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928-79), 1967 founder of the center-left Pakistan Peoples Party is sworn-in as pres. #4 of Pakistan (until Aug. 13, 1973), returning the country to civilian rule for the 1st time since 1958, and Sheik Mujibur Rahman is nominated as pres. #1 of Bangladesh (until Aug. 15, 1975); under Bhutto, civilian-ruled Pakistan decides to develop a nuclear weapons program. On Nov. 22 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in Reed v. Reed that the Equal Protection Clause of the 4th Amendment bars the naming of administrators of estates in a way that discriminates on the basis of sex. On Nov. 23 the People's Repub. of China is seated in the U.N. Security Council. On Nov. 24 olive-skinned mystery skyjacker calling himself D.B. Cooper hijacks Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 305 en route from Portland, Ore. to Seattle, Wash., demanding $200K in cash and four parachutes in Seattle, Wash., which are supplied by the FBI, after which he releases all passengers and one flight attendant before taking off toward Reno, then parachutes out of the Boeing 727 at 10K ft. over the Cascade Mts. near Ariel, Wash. in a heavy rainstorm, and is never seen again; the FBI believes he didn't survive; on July 12, 2016 the FBI announces that it has officially closed their case on him - seen a $100 bill with serial no. DI192589? On Nov. 27 three people are shot dead in Belfast, Ireland. On Nov. 28 the Anglican Church ordains its first two women priests, Jane Hwang and Joyce Bennett, ordained by Gilbert Baker, bishop of Hong Kong and Macao; on July 29, 1974 the Philadelphia Eleven are ordained in Penn.; in 1976 the Gen. Convention officially authorizes ordination of women. On Nov. 28-Dec. 2 the White House Conference on Aging in Washington, D.C., chaired by Eisenhower HEW secy. (1958-61) Arthur Sherwood Flemming (1905-96) is plagued by complaints of Repub. domination and inadequate rep. of minorities and elderly poor; it recommends a mandatory retirement at a fixed age along with earlier voluntary retirement; pub. claims by Dr. Alex Comfort (1920-2000) of the U. College in London that the human life span can be comfortably increased by 20% by 1990 (10-15 extra years of middle-aged vigor, not tired old age) are intensely debated. On Nov. 30 Jordan's King Hussein appoints Ahmad al-Lawzi (1925-) as PM to replace Wasfi el-Tal, who was assassinated in Cairo at a meeting of the Arab League's Joint Defense Council. On Dec. 1 U.S. treasury secy. John B. Connally surprises the Group of Ten meeting in Rome with an offer of a 10% devaluation of the U.S. dollar. On Dec. 1 the March of the Empty Pots (organized by the CIA to support right-wing gen. Augusto Pinochet) by 5K Chilean women in Santiago protests food shortages right before his scheduled visit to Cuba, causing Chilean pres. Salvador Allende to announce on Dec. 28 that the govt. will take over food distribution; too bad, the Chilean women start Allende on a downhill slide, with more women's demonstrations helping to bring him down on Sept. 11, 1973. On Dec. 2 Britain's House of Commons votes 297-260 to settle its dispute with the white-is-right govt. of Rhodesia. On Dec. 2 the British pull out of the Trucial States (7 coastal Arab sheikdoms incl. Sharjah) in the Persian Gulf, and on Dec. 3 in Dubai these states form the United Arab Emirates (UAE), incl. Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah, Ras al Khaimah, and Umm al Qaiwain, with Abu Dhabi sultan Sheik Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1918-2004) as pres. #1 (until 2004) - Abu Dhabi Doo? On Dec. 2 The Dick Cavett Show sees 3rd guest Janet Flanner try in vain to keep Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Gore Vidal (1925-2012), and Dick Cavett apart as they engage in verbal fireworks; "Perhaps you'd like two more chairs to contain your giant intellect?" (Cavett to Mailer); "I'll take the two chairs if you'll all accept finger bowls" (Mailer); "Why don't you look at your question sheet and ask your question?" (Mailer); "Why don't you fold it five ways and put it where the Moon don't shine?" (Cavett); "Surely I don't have to tell you a quote from Tolstoy" (Cavett to Mailer, after being asked if he came up with the previous remark himself). On Dec. 4 a Protestant bomb in Belfast, North Ireland kills 15 civilians and injures 17 at McGurk's Bar, becoming the first major atrocity of the Irish Troubles. On Dec. 5 Gen. Motors announces the largest recall in auto history, involving motor mounts in 6.7M 1965-9 Chevy cars and trucks. On Dec. 8 the Soviet Union announces a successful landing of a space capsule of Mars, which transmits TV signals for a brief period - a clear leapfrog over the lame American craft which orbits overhead? On Dec. 8 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 to admit the United Arab Emirates (UAE). On Dec. 9 U.S. Pres. Nixon and Brazilian pres. (1969-74) Emilio Garrastazu Medici (Médici) (1905-85) meet in the White House to discuss Chile, and Nixon asks him whether his military is capable of overthrowing Salvador Allende, to which Medici replies that they were already on the job; Medici also proposes that Brazil and the U.S. cooperate in countering the "trend of Marxist leftist expansion" in Latin Am., and Nixon promises to "assist Brazil when and wherever possible", after which Brazilian gen. Vicente Dale Coutinho grumbles that the U.S. wants Brazil to "do the dirty work" in South Am.; their discussion is kept secret until July 2009. On Dec. 10 John Lennon and Yoko Ono, Stevie Wonder, Bob Seger, Phil Ochs, Allen Ginsberg, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Bobby Seale et al. make a public appearance at a benefit concert for anti-racist White Panther Party leader (since 1968) John Sinclair (1941-), who was sentenced to 10 years in priz in 1969 for giving two joints of marijuana to an undercover narc; three days later Sinclair is released after the Mich. Supreme Court rules the state's marijuana statutes unconstitutional, after which the Hash Bash rally is held annually in Ann Arbor, Mich. to work for decriminalization. On Dec. 11 the Am. Libertarian Party is founded by David Fraser Nolan (1943-2010) in his living room in Denver, Colo. to advocate laissez-faire, civil liberties, minimal regulation of immigration, and a non-interventionist foreign policy; too bad, they only sign up 200K registered voters by the end of the cent. On Dec. 12 Am. major Hollywood actor Jon Voight marries minor Am. actress Marcia Lynne "Marcheline" Bertrand (1950-2007) (until 1978); they have one daughter, Angelina Jolie (1975-), and one son, James Haven (1973-); they divorce in 1980 after she leaves him for adultery in 1976 and hooks up with partner Bill Day in 1978. The first sign of the end of the American Century? On Dec. 14 Pres. Nixon meets with French Pres. Pompidou in the Azores and agrees on the need for dollar devaluation; on Dec. 17-18 the Group of Ten meets in Washington, D.C., and the U.S. agrees to end the 10% import surcharge and take the dollar off the gold standard and devalue it by 8.57% on the old price (7.89% on the new price) by raising the price of gold from $35 to $38 an oz., while revaluing other nations' currencies in relation to it, for a net effect of a 12% devaluation; on Dec. 19 Nixon announces that the agreement is "the most significant... in the history of the world"; America's stepchild Japan is the most shocked by all this, combined with the rise of China, and the upvaluing of the yen by 16.9%? On Dec. 16 Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa (1935-) becomes PM of Bahrain (until ?), ending up as the longest-serving unelected PM on Earth. On Dec. 17 U.S. Col. Oran K. Henderson (1920-98), the last soldier to be tried for the My Lai Massacre is acquitted of attempting to cover it up. On Dec. 18 the IMF approves a Dec. 17 decision by 10 leading industrial countries to permit currencies to fluctuate 2.25% around the new par values. On Dec. 18 a trailer truck carrying workers plunges into an irrigation canal outside Aswan, Egypt, killing 50. On Dec. 18 Rev. Jesse Louis Jackson Sr. (1941-) announces in Chicago, Ill. the founding of Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity) - pray until something happens? On Dec. 18 North Vietnamese troops capture the Plain of Jars in Laos. On Dec. 18 martial law is lifted in Greece (effective Jan. 1, 1972), except for Athens, Salonika, and the Piraeus. On Dec. 19 CBS-TV airs The Homecoming: A Christmas Story, based on a 1970 Earl Hamner Jr. novella, starring Patricia Neal, Richard Thomas, and Andrew Duggan, which evolves into The Waltons, with Hamner as narrator. On Dec. 20 Pres. Nixon announces the end of the 10% surcharge on goods imported to the U.S. Christmas 1971 becomes a good time for medical funding? On Dec. 20 10 French physicians create a team that later becomes known as Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontičres) to help needy people in the Nigerian region of Biafra, growing to 2K volunteers in 18 countries by 2000, and 30K in 70 countries by 2015. On Dec. 20 Lt. Gen. Gul Hassan Khan (-1999) becomes Pakistan's army chief of staff, until Mar. 3, 1972, when he is ousted by Pres. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and given a dishonorable discharge. On Dec. 21 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 306 to appoint crypto-Nazi Kurt Josef Waldheim (1918-2007), Austria's permanent rep. to the U.N. to succeed U Thant as U.N. secy.-gen. #4; he takes office on Jan. 1, 1972 (until Dec. 31, 1981). On Dec. 23 after asking for $100M to find a cure for cancer in his Jan. State of the Union Address, and getting the U.S. Army biological warfare facility in Ft. Detrick, Md. converted to a cancer research center in Oct., Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Nat. Cancer Act in front of 137 guests, incl. leading research scientists, authorizing $1.5B a year to the Nat. Cancer Inst., with the soundbyte "I hope in the years ahead we will look back on this action today as the most significant action taken during my administration"; 3 0 years later $45B has been spent on research, yet 1.5K people still die from it each day, but not Nixon himself, who dies in 1994 of a stroke. On Dec. 23 Formosa's Kuomintang party announces that the first nat. elections since 1947 will be held in May 1972. On Dec. 24 Pres. Nixon commutes the prison term of Internat. Brotherhood of Teamsters ex-pres. James R. "Jimmy" Hoffa after serving 4 years, 9 mo., 16 days of a 13-year term. On Dec. 24 Peruvian-born German mammalogist Juliane Koepcke (1954-) survives a 3km fall from LANSA Flight 508 after it's struck by lightning, then survives 11 days in the Amazon rainforest before being rescued with a broken collarbone; there are no other survivors; dir. Werner Herzog narrowly misses her flight while scouting locations for "Aguirre, the Wrath of God"; filmed in 1974 by Giuseppe Maria Scotese as "I miracoli accadono ancora" (Miracles Still Happen) (The Story of Juliane Koepcke) and Herzog's "Wings of Hope" (1998). On Dec. 26-29 U.S. Air Force and Navy planes bomb military installations in North Vietnam, becoming the first time since 1968 that they bomb them for more than two straight days. On Dec. 27 18 Arab countries meet in Cairo to coordinate strategy against their common foe Israel. On Dec. 29 Giovanni Leone (1908-2001) of the Christian Dem. Party becomes pres. of Italy (until 1978). On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 890.20 (vs. 838.92 at the end of 1970). In Dec. the U.S. Labor Dept. issues Revised Order 4, becoming known as "the women's employment Magna Carta", mandating that all businesses with federal contracts over $50K submit affirmative action plans for hiring minorities and women, exempting only the construction industry. In Dec. the 1971 Iraq Poison Grain Disaster sees methylmercury-treated seed grain imported from Mexico and the U.S. to fight the drought ending up being consumed despite the telltale pink color, killing 459-4.5K by next Mar. In Dec. yellow-colored globules fall over suburban Sydney, Australia; health minister (1965-73) Arnold Henry "Harry" Jago (1913-97) claims it is bee excreta. The Swiss Supreme Court rules that Swiss banks must show their records to U.S. tax officials when the U.S. taxpayer is suspected of tax fraud. The ever-blazing Gates of Hell (AKA Darvaza Gas Crater) in Turkmenistan opens during Soviet natural gas extraction operations; it is not closed until ?. South Korea launches the New Village Movement to help rural development. Persian shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi seizes control of the Persian Gulf islands of Abu Musa and the Tunbs from the UAE. The U.S. Non-Detention Act is passed, repealing portions of the 1950 McCarran Act, and stating that no citizen shall be imprisoned or otherwise detained by the U.S. except pursuant to an act of Congress. The U.S. Lead Paint Poisoning Prevention Act is passed, prohibiting lead-based paints in cooking, eating and drinking utensils, etc., and requiring interior paint applied before 1955 to be stripped from bldgs.; too bad, enforcement is lax. Britain leases the atoll of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean to the U.S. for a joint military base in return for military concessions; the 2K natives are forcibly moved by the Brits to Mauritius via the Seychelles like pawns in a world chess game?; they are not allowed to return until 2000. The Japanese Red Army is formed in Lebanon. Armagh-born Presbyterian minister Rev. Ian Richard Kyle Paisley (1926-2014) forms the Protestant Dem. Unionist Party in Northern Ireland; meanwhile Roman Catholic leader Bernadette Devil, er, Devlin gives birth to a child out of wedlock, pissing-off her supporters, and gets a 9-mo. prison sentence; she finally marries in 1973 and runs for reelection in 1974. The name of Batavia, Indonesia (founded 1619) is changed to Jakarta (modern pop. 10M). The North Central Power Study by U.S. utility cos. and the U.S. Dept. of the Interior proposes strip-mining the 1.3T tons of low-sulfur soft coal of the Fort Union Coal Formation on the N Great Plains, and using it to feed a chain of new power plants and transmission lines to power the U.S.; too bad, environmentalists fight it tooth and nail, killing it. The 367K-ton tanker Nisseki Maru, is launched in Japan, becoming the world's largest supertanker (until 1972). In the U.S. starting this year Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, Columbus Day, and Veterans Day are celebrated on Monday so that the giant gang of pampered lazy federal employees get a 3-day weekend on top of their long daily lunch hours and coffee breaks. The first battered women's shelter is opened in the U.K. by Erin Prizzley; another opens in Pasadena, Calif. The Am. College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists give official approval to nurse-midwives. Am. psychiatrist Peter Roger Breggin (1936-) founds the Center for the Study of Empathic Therapy, Education and Living to advocate reform in psychiatry, esp. its use of psychotropic drugs. The Chicago stockyards close. Swiss serial murderer Werner Ferrari (1946-) murders 10-y.-o. Daniel Schwan, receiving a 10-year sentence and serving eight; in May 1980 he begins kidnapping children from festivals then abusing and strangling them, reaching eleven victims by Aug. 30, 1989 when he is arrested in Otten, and sentenced for five murders, and acquitted of one murder on Apr. 10, 2007. JFK-killer Dallas, Tex. is awarded the "All-American City" award by Look mag. and the Nat. Municipal League. After he swindles Strake Jesuit College Preparatory out of $6M, the Sharpstown Scandal begins in Houston, Tex. as a stock fraud case involving Frank Wesley Sharp (1906-93), mgr. of the Sharpstown State Bank and the Nat. Bankers Life Insurance Corp., which involves former Tex. atty. gen. Waggoner Carr, former Tex. insurance commissioner John Osorio, Tex. house speaker Gus Mutscher Jr., state Dem. Party chmn. Tommy Shannon, Tex. banking board member Elmer Baum, Tex. lt. gov. Ben Barnes, and Tex. gov. Preston Smith; after the Dirty Thirty in the Tex. House of Reps unite to expose them, the SEC indicts Shannon, Mutscher, and his aide Rush McGinty for taking bribes from Sharp, and they are found guilty in Abilene, Tex. in 1972, and sentenced to five years' probation, while Sharp is sentenced to three years' probation and a $5K fine, after which a series of financial disclosure laws are passed in 1973. Arches Nat. Park in E Utah overlooking the Colorado River is established, along with Capitol Reef Nat. Park in S Utah, which incl. a dome-shaped white rock resembling the dome of the U.S. Capitol Bldg. Pukaskwa (Pukaska) Nat. Park in Ontario, Canada on the NE coast of Lake Superior is established, becoming Canada's largest nat. park (725 sq. mi.). A bamboo die-off in the Sichuan (Sechuan) Province in China (their main habitat) kills 100 pandas, causing the govt. to launch a research and rescue project; too bad, 789 adult pandas die in the wild between 1971-2005, caused mainly by starvation in 1971-85, followed by poaching in 1986-2000, followed by roundworm in 2001-5, leaving only 1.6K pandas left in the wild. The term "Silicon Valley" is coined for Santa Clara Valley, Calif. Bay Area Women Against Rape in Berkeley, Calif. is founded to fight discriminatory treatment of rape victims by police, courts and hospitals, causing a nat. movement to er, spread. Moses Carl Holman (1919-88) becomes pres. of the Nat. Urban League (until 1988). The Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington, D.C. is founded by Ralph Nader-supporting consumer activist vegetarian microbiologist Michael F. Jacobson (1943-) et al. to lobby for food safety and nutrition, going after sodium nitrites, salt, sugar, movie theater popcorn popped in coconut oil et al., coining the terms "junk food" and "empty calorie". German feminist Alice Schwarzer (1942-) pub. Frauen Gegen den 218 (Women Against Paragraph 218), the German anti-abortion statute, resulting in legalization in 1974. The first Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) is held by the Am. Conservative Union (ACU) and Young Americans for Freedom (YAF); speakers go on to incl. Ronald Reagan (12x), George W. Bush, Newt Gingrich, Dick Cheney, Pat Buchanan, Sarah Palin, Ron Paul, Mitt Romney, Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh, Ann Coulter, Allen West, Michelle Bachmann, and Donald Trump. After being influenced by Zen and Mind Dynamics, Philly-born Werner Hans Erhard (John Paul Rosenberg) (1935-) begins giving est (Lat. "it is") (Erhard Seminars Training) workshops "to transform one's ability to experience living so that the situations one had been trying to change or had been putting up with, clear up just in the process of life itself"; he sells out to Landmark Education in 1991. The Islamic Movement in Israel is founded by Sheikh Abdullah Nimar Darwish (1948-), who goes underground in 1979 under the name Usrat al-Jihad (Family of Jihad), is arrested in 1981, and freed in 1985 after professing to be against violence; he led the hardline northern branch; meanwhile the more moderate southern branch is led by Raed Saleh (1958-), who is banned from entering the U.K. MLK Jr.'s widow Coretta Scott King (1927-2006) founds the Center for Non-Violent Social Change in Atlanta, Ga. The Leibniz Inst. for Psychology Info. at the U. of Trier is founded to pub. the PSYNDEX database of references to psychology in the German-speaking world. The Journal of Internat. Economics is founded. 31-year music teacher Paul Monroe Grossman (1919-2003) is fired by the school board when he returns to his job at Cedar Hill School in N.J. as Paula, a woman, claiming that her presence in the classroom would have a "negative impact"; in 1973 the N.J. Superior Court awards her disability benefits because the school board's stance "obviously incapacitated" her earning power; she marries a woman and doo dah diddies until death, but never teaches again. Estherville, Iowa-born pimply-faced baker Robert Christian Hansen (1939-2014) AKA "the Butcher Baker" abducts, rapes, and murders the first of 17-30 women ages 16-41 in the Anchorage, Alaska area, hunting them for sport with his Ruger Mini-14; on June 13, 1983 17-y.-o. Cindy Paulson escapes from him and gets him arrested, but he convinces them of his innocence and is released, then arrested in Oct. and sentenced to 461 years, dying in prison in Seward, Alaska on Aug. 21, 2014; portrayed by John Cusack in the 2013 film "The Frozen Ground". Black singer Charley Frank Pride (1938-) is chosen male vocalist of the year by the Am. Country Music Assoc. - at least he sounds mighty white? Frank McGee (1921-74) replaces Hugh Downs (since 1962) as host of NBC-TV's The Today Show, always opening and closing the show and asking the first three questions during an interview, forcing co-host Barbara Walters to play 2nd fiddle. The Newport Jazz Festival (founded 1954) is closed after the park is invaded by rock followers who have no other festivals to go to on the retro East Coast. The Dance Theater of Harlem, the first all-black classical ballet co. in the U.S. is founded by Arthur Mitchell (1934-), debuting on Jan. 8 at the Guggenheim Museum of Art in New York City. Paul Stewart founds the Black Am. West Museum in Denver, Colo. Hugh Hefner buys the fabled Playboy Mansion West in Calif., and moves there permanently from Chicago in 1975 - Hugh was friendly with all the hos and thought they'd all make wonderful subjects? The Metropolitan Museum of Art pays a record $5.544M for a portrait by Velazquez. Rock impresario Bill Graham closes his rock 'n' roll auditoriums Fillmore East in New York City and Fillmore West in San Francisco, Calif. Harvard U. begins holding a summer session. India abolishes all titles and privy purses of Indian rulers, incl. the cool maharaja and maharini titles. Chinese acupuncture receives a bunch of publicity in the West after journalist James Reston accompanies Henry Kissinger to China, comes down with appendicitis, and is treated on July 17 at Anti-Imperial Hospital in Beijing, then pub. the article "Now, About My Operation in Peking" in the New York Times on July 21. White Baptist Rev. Jerry Lamon Falwell Sr. (1933-2007), who since 1950 has built up the conservative Bible-thumping Thomas Road Baptist Church in Lynchburg, Va. to nat. prominence, along with his "Old Time Gospel Hour", aired on 300 U.S. and 64 foreign TV stations, known for the 1958 soundbyte "When God has drawn a line of distinction, we should not attempt to cross that line - the true Negro does not want integration" founds Lynchburg Baptist College in Va. with 154 students and four full-time faculty, later renaming it Liberty U. and growing it to a 3,250-acre campus with 7.7K students, dreaming of making it the Notre Dame U. and Brigham Young U. for mainly white fundamentalist Christians who want to become active in leftist, er, conservative politics. Paris Descartes U. is founded in Paris, France, becoming one of France's top research univs. Halki Seminary of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Istanbul (founded 1844) is closed by the Turkish govt. (until ?). Pope Paul VI dissolves the Vatican Gendarmerie, leaving only the Swiss Guard to run security in Vatican City, although Italian police patrol St. Peter's Square. The Lewis Powell Memorandum, commissioned by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce in response to riots in Newark, Detroit et al., warns that the survival of the U.S. free enterprise system depends on "careful long-range planning and implementation" of a well-financed reponse to threats from the left in the U.S. and Europe, resulting in a bevy of new right-wing think tanks funded by a small group of family foundations. Direct dialing begins between the U.S. and Europe. Asylum Records is founded by David Geffen (1943-) to attract Jackson Browne, going on to sign Tom Waits, Linda Ronstadt, Joni Mitchell, and even Bob Dylan; in 1972 it was taken over by Warner and merged with Elektra Records. Operation Nevada sees 1.5K mothers (former casino maids etc.) and children march down the Las Vegas Strip protesting cuts in welfare benefits, marching into Caesar's Palace and causing it to suspend gambling operations for half an hour, after which celebs Jane Fonda, Ralph Abernathy, Donald Sutherland et al. intervene, and a federal judge reverses the cutbacks. Am. billionaire Daniel Keith Ludwig (1897-1992) founds the Ludwig Inst. for Cancer Research in Switzerland, becoming the largest nonprofit inst. dedicated to cancer research. The World Economic Forum (originally European Economic Forum) in Davos, Switzerland is founded by German business prof. Klaus Martin Schwab (1938-) to hold annual meetings of world business leaders each Jan. Michael Stern Hart (1947-) of Tacoma, Wash. founds Project Gutenberg, an attempt to turn all major book classics into free etext. Phyllis George (1949-) of Texas wins the Miss America title, becoming an actress, and later the First Lady of Ky. John Casablancas (1942-) founds the Elite Model Agency in Paris, going on to discover Paulina Porizkova (1965-) in 1980; TLW graduates from it in 1991 - wanna see my portfolio? Cheshire-born Vivienne Westwood (Vivienne Isabel Swire) (1941-), lover of Sex Pistols founder (Sept. 1975) Malcolm Robert Andrew McLaren (1946-2010) opens the SEX fashion shop in King's Road, London, which becomes known for its outrageous punk designs (a favorite of the Sex Pistols), featuring BDSM, safety pins, razor blades, chains, spiked dog collars, etc. Chatham Borough, N.J.-born chef Alice Louise Waters (1944-) opens Chez Panisse restaurant in Berkeley, Calif., pioneering low-fat veggie-fruit-heavy Calif. Cuisine; in 2001 Gourmet mag. names it the best restaurant in the U.S.; in 1972 she hires broke Stamford, Conn.-born Harvard U. architecture grad Jeremiah Tower (1942-), who goes on in 1984 to open the Stars restaurant in San Francisco, Calif., which becomes one of the top-grossing restaurants in the U.S. (until 1999), attracting celeb chefs incl. Mario Batali, opening several branches; after Tower leaves Chez Panisse, they hire local Jonathan Waxman (1950-), who in 1984 founds Jams Restaurant on E 79th St. in New York City, bringing Calif. Cuisine to the Big Apple, making him a celeb. Bronx, N.Y.-born biochemist Ida Pauline Rolf (1896-1979) founds the Rolf Inst. of Structural Integration to practice the holistic therapy system of Rolfing. English folk musician Steve Tilston (1950-) gives an interview to ZigZag mag., pining how selling out to rock and its wealth and fame might hurt his songwriting, causing John Lennon to write him a letter with the soundbyte: "Being rich doesn't change your experience in the way you think"; filmed in 2015 as "Danny Collins". Stanford-educated 4:10 miler Philip H. "Phil" Knight (1938-), son of a Portland, Ore. newspaper publisher changes the name of his 1964 sports shoe co. from Blue Ribbon Sports to Nike (Gr. "victory"), and pays $35 Portland State U. design student Carolyn Davidson for a logo consisting of a fat checkmark dubbed with "Swoosh"; after Steve Roland Prefontaine (1951-75) debuts their new waffle-sole running shoe at the 1972 Olympic Trials in Eugene, Ore., and his coach William J. "Bill" Bowerman (1911-99) of Oregon U. becomes co-founder of Nike, first year's sales are $3.2M, doubling each year for the next 10 years; after going public in 1980 they stage an advertising coup by signing Michael "Air" Jordan in 1984, causing Nike to become the world's largest sneaker co. by 1990 and sales to zoom to $6.5B in 1996 as every kid ends up with five pairs of sneakers; meanwhile next year Boston, Mass. entrepreneur James S. Davis (1944-) founds New Balance Athletic Shoe Inc., becoming Nike's rival; it's actually a bad idea to wear them while running, since the human foot is designed for barefoot running, and the shoes increase the risk of ankle sprains and other injuries? Chrysler Imperial becomes the first production car with antilock brakes. Mercedes-Benz introduces the 2-seat open roadaster 350 SL (until 1989). Geoffrey the Giraffe begins appearing in Toys "R" Us commercials. The Wonka Bar is announced by Breaker Connections of Chicago, Ill. (owned by Quaker Oats Co.) to exploit Mel Stuart's film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (June 30), based on the 1964 novel "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" by Roald Dahl, which is financed by Quaker Oats Co.; too bad, the bars have poor shelf life and taste bad, causing them to be be quickly withdrawn prior to the film's release; in 1975 Breaker Connections is acquired by Sunmark Corp., becoming Willy Wonka Brands in 1980; in 1986 Sunmark is acquired by Rowntee Mackintosh of the U.K., which in 1988 is acquired by Nestle, which in 1993 renames that div. the Willy Wonka Candy Co.; the 100+ product line incl. SweeTarts (1962), Everlasting Gobstoppers (1976), Laffy Taffy, (SweeTarts) Shockers, Bottle Caps, Fun Dip (originally Lik-M-Aid), Spree, Runts (1982), Mixups, Nerds (1983), Gummies (2009), Kazoozles (2009), and Pixy Stix; Wonka Bars are discontinued in Jan. 2010. Dutch elementary school outcast ("the Beast of Harkstede") Willem van Eijk (1941-) rapes and strangles 15-y.-o. Coral Mantel, followed on Aug. 19, 1974 by 43-y.-o. Aaltje van er Plaat, after which is is easily caught and sentenced to 18 years, marrying his pen pal Adri in 1980, which doesn't cure him; in Nov. 1993 he rapes and murders 23-y.-o. ho Antoanella Bertholda (Michelle) Fatol, followed on Nov. 21, 1995 by 31-y.-o. ho Annelies Reinder, followed by six more hos and several more young women; in July 2001 he rapes and murders 34-y.-o. ho Sasja Schenker, after which he make the mistakes of trying to bury her clothes in a plastic bag in a canal near his house, resulting in his arrest on Nov. 12, 2001, and his conviction for three murders on Nov. 2002, receiving a life sentence. Chadds Ford, Penn. realist painter Andrew Newell Wyeth (1917-2009) meets Prussian-born neighbor Helga Testorf (1939-) and beguns using her as a model for 240+ paintings from 1971-85; he keeps it a secret even from his wife until 1985, and his works are first exhibited in 1986. Chilean activist poet Pablo Neruda wins the Nobel Lit. Prize, and pres. Salvador Allende lets him read before 70K at the Estadio Nacional. Sports: On Jan. 3-9 the first U.S. Open of Bowling is held by the PBA in St. Paul, Minn.; the winner is Jersey City, N.J.-born Michael "Mike" Limongello (1945-), who also wins the 1971 PBA Nat. Championship in Paramus, N.J. on Oct. 9-16; Pete Weber wins 5x. On Feb. 14 the 1971 (13th) Daytona 500 is won by Richard Lee Petty (1937-) (3rd time), who goes on to win the first NASCAR Winston Cup Series on Nov. 20, replacing the NASCAR Grand National Series, sponsored by R.J. Reynolds, who hawks cigarettes to the drivers; after NASCAR mandates restrictor plates for all but 358 cu. in. range engines, Dick Brooks becomes the first to race with a small block engine, a 305 cu. in. engine on his 1969 Dodge Daytona at the Daytona 500; the restriction lasts until 1974. On Mar. 8 undefeated (26-0, 23 KOs) 27-y.-o. heavyweight Philly brawler Joseph William "Smokin' Joe" Frazier (1944-2011) defeats undefeated (31-0, 25 KOs) 29-y.-o. Louisville puncher Muhammad Ali (Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.) (1942-2016) on points in the 15-round Fight of the Century at Madison Square Garden in front of a crowd of 20,455 and a TV audience of 300M in 46 nations, becoming the richest sports event in history to date, grossing $20M; Ali's old hand speed and finesse are gone, and he spends much of the fight on the ropes; in the 15th round Ali lands on the canvas after a Frazier punch, and gets back up fast, after which he is rubber-legged and his myth of invincibility is shattered; after the fight Ali is hospitalized for a swollen jaw, and Frazier a few days later for headaches; in Apr. Frazier becomes the first black man since Reconstruction to address the S.C. legislature; eventually Ali and Frazier fight three brutal fights, with Ali outlasting Frazier in the last two. On Apr. 21-30 the 1971 NBA Finals sees the 3rd-year Milwaukee Bucks (coach Larry Costello) defeat the Baltimore Bullets (coach Gene Shue) by 4-0; on Apr. 28 (Game 3) 6'6" small forward-guard Robert L. "Bob" Dandridge (1947-) (#10) of the Bucks scores 29 points; MVP Lew Alcindor scores 27 points. On May 1 Canonero II (1968-81), a 3-y.-o. from Venezuela (born with a crooked foreleg, causing him to be sold as a yearling for a bargain $1.2K) wins the Kentucky Derby, followed on May 15 by the Preakness, but loses to long shot Pass Catcher on June 5 in the Belmont Stakes, coming in 4th; he is then sold to a U.S. buyer. On May 4-18 the 1971 Stanley Cup Finals see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Chicago Black Hawks 4-3; MVP is 6'4" Montreal goalie Kenneth Wayne "Ken" Dryden (1947-), who goes on to become a Liberal MP in 2004-11; after the 1970-1 season, the Lester B. Pearson Award, named after the Canadian PM (1963-8), who coached the U. of Toronto Varsity Blues men's ice hockey team is established by the NHL for the MVP as judged by the players; first winner is Phil Esposito of the Boston Bruins; Wayne Gretzky of the Edmonton Oilers wins it 5x in 1982-5 and 1987; on Apr. 29, 2010 it is renamed the Ted Lindsay Award after Detroit Red Wings player Ted Lindsay. On May 29 the 1971 Indianapolis 500 is won by Al Unser for the 2nd straight time. On Sept. 13 the 12-team World Hockey Assoc. (WHA) is founded to compete with the NHL, becoming their first major competitor since the Western Hockey League in 1926, attracting players by offering higher salaries and challenging the NHL's reserve clause, causing 67 players to jump in the first year, led by Bobby Hull, who signs a record 10-year $2.75M contract; teams incl. the Alberta/Edmonton Oilers (1972-9), Chicago Cougars (1972-5), Cincinnati Stingers (1975-9), Calgary Broncos/Cleveland Crusaders/Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972-7), Denver Spurs/Ottawa Civics (1975-6), Dayton Arrows/Houston Aeros (1972-8), Indianapolis Racers (1974-8), Los Angeles Sharks/Michigan Stags/Baltimore Blades (1972-4), New England/Hartford Whalers (1972-9), New York Raiders/New York Golden Blades/Jersey Knights/Seattle Mariners (1972-7), Ottawa Nationals/Toronto Toros/Birmingham Bulls (1972-9), Miami Screaming Eagles/Philadelphia Blazers/Vancouver Blazers/Calgary Cowboys (1972-7), Phoenix Roadrunners (1974-7), San Francisco Sharks/Quebec Nordiques (1972-9), and Winnipeg Jets (1972-9); in 1972 the WHA establishes the Avco Cup (World Trophy) after a $500K donation by AVCO Financial Services Corp., becoming the first major sports league trophy bearing the name of a private corp.; it has a floating etched crystal globe in the stem; the last WHA game is played on May 20, 1979, with the Winnipeg Jets led by Bobby Hull defeating the Edmonton Oilers led by Wayne Gretzky, winning their 3rd cup; Gordie Howe and the Houston Aeros win the cup twice. On Nov. 1 the Calgary Broncos World Hockey Assoc. (WHA) team is founded in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, moving to Ohio as the Cleveland Crusaders, which in 1976 after the California Golden Seals move to Cleveland move to St. Paul, Minn. as the New Minnesota Fighting Saints (with an identical logo except for red britches and gloves), folding after winning their last game on Jan. 14, 1977 9-5 over the Indianapolis Racers at home. On Nov. 1 the Edmonton Oilers (originally Alberta Oilers) World Hockey Assoc. (WHA) team is founded in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, joining the NHL in 1979, founding a dynasty that wins the Stanlay Cup in 1984, 1985, 197, 1988, and 1990. On Nov. 1 the Minnesota Flying Saints (AKA Fighting Saints) World Hockey Assoc. (WHA) team is founded in St. Paul, Minn., playing their home games at the new St. Paul Civic Center (cap. 16K) (opened Jan. 1, 1973) (RiverCentre in 1995), tying their first game 4-4 in OT against the Houston Aeros; bucking the trend, they feature mostly Minn.-born or U.S.-born players, drawing larger WHA crowds than average but never securing a TV deal, playing their last game on Feb. 25, 1976, losing 2-1 in OT to the San Diego Mariners. On Nov. 1 the New England Whalers World Hockey Assoc. (WHA) team is founded in Boston, Mass., playing their home games in the Boston Arena and the Boston Garden, moving to Hartford, Conn. for the 1974-5 season, playing their home games at the Big E Coliseum in West Springfield, Mass. before playing their first game on Jan. 11, 1975 at the Hartford Civic Center Coliseum; in 1979 after the WHA-NHL merger, they become the Hartford Whalers; after the 1996-7 season they move to Research Triangle, N.C., becoming the Carolina Hurricanes, leaving Conn. with no major sports team. On Nov. 25 the College Football Game of the Century sees #7 U. of Neb. (#1 defense) defeat #2 U. of Okla. (#1 offense) by 35-31. On Dec. 10 the Mets disastrously trade ML baseball's strikeout king Nolan Ryan to the Angels for 3rd baseman Jim Fregosi, who doesn't last two seasons. On Dec. 27 the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Assoc. (WHA) are founded, playing their home games in the Winnipeg Arena; on July 1, 1996 after financial problems they move to Phoenix, Ariz. as the NHL Phoenix (Arizona) Coyotes, playing at the America West Arena; in 2011 the Atlanta Thrashers move to Winnipeg and become the Winnipeg Jets. Jack Nicklaus wins his 2nd PGA golf title; "Supermex" Lee Trevino (1939-) has a 16-week winning streak, winning five tournaments and finishing among the top-5 in four others; he also wins the U.S. Open and British Open. John David Newcombe (1944-) of Australia wins the men's singles at Wimbledon in July; Australian aborigine Evonne Fay Goolagong (1951-) defeats fellow Australian Margaret Smith Court in the finals to win the Wimbledon singles tennis title; she also won the French Open singles title in June, and wins the U.S. Open in 1973-6, and the Wimbledon again in 1980; Stanley Roger "Stan" Smith (1946-) wins the men's U.S. Open, and Billie Jean King wins the women's, becoming the first woman in any sport to make $100K in a single season. The ML baseball Washington Senators move from Washington, D.C. to Arlington, Tex., becoming the Texas Rangers. Pocono Internat. Raceway AKA the Tricky Triangle in Long Pond, Penn. in the Pocono Mts. opens, owned by Brandon, Nicholas, and Ashley Igdalsky, becoming home to the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Windows 10 400 (1974) in Aug. and the Axalta "We Paint Winners" 400 (1982) in June. 6'0" Quebec-born right wing Guy Damien "The Flower" "Le Demon Blond" Lafleur (1951-) is drafted #1 overall by the Montreal Canadiens, going on to become the first NHL player to score 50 goals and 100 points in six straight seasons, winning five Stanley Cups in 17 seasons. Spanish bullfighter Antonio Ordonez (Ordońez) (1932-98) retires after 1K corridas and 2K bulls killed. Architecture: On Apr. 21 the 40-ft.-high modernist Vaillancourt Fountain AKA Quebec libre! in Embarcadero Plaza, San Francisco, Calif. is unveiled, designed by Quebecois artist Armand J.R. Vaillancourt (1929-), consisting of precast concrete tubes, which is so ugly that several unsuccessful attempts are made to demolish it; in 1987 U2 gives a free concert there, and lead singer Bono sprays graffiti on it. In July the 458K-sq.-ft. Los Angeles Convention and Exhibition Center, designed by Charles Luckman (1909-99) opens, with the largest column-free space in the U.S. (until ?). On Sept. 8 the $71M John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. on the Potomac River next to the Watergate Complex opens three days after the debut there of Leonard Bernstein's Mass. Finlandia Hall in Helsinki, Finland, designed by Alvar Aalto (1898-1976) opens. The 1,107-ft. Standard Oil of Indiana Bldg. in Chicago, Ill. is completed. The 7-story 2-towered 24-sided castle-like gray North Bldg. of the Denver, Colo. Art Museum opens, complete with 1M reflective glass tiles by Dow Corning, designed by Italian modernist architect Giovanni "Gio" Ponti (1891-1979). Nobel Prizes: Peace: Willy Brandt (1913-92) (West Germany) [reconciliation with the Soviet bloc]; Lit.: Pablo Neruda (Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto) (1904-73) (Chile); Physics: Dennis Gabor (1900-79) (U.K.) [holography]; Chem.: Gerhard Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg (1904-99) (Canada) [geometry of molecules in gases]; Medicine: Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. (1915-74) (U.S.) [cyclic AMP]; Economics: Simon Smith Kuznets (1901-85) (U.S.) [empirically-founded interpretation of economic growth]. Inventions: Early in the year John V. Blankenbaker (1930-) begins marketing the $750 Kenbak-1, the first commercially-available personal computer, with 256 bytes of memory, using switches for input and lights for output; he takes it off the market in 1973 after manufacturing 50 units. On Mar. 14 Creeper, the world's first computer virus is launched; at first an academic exercise, hackers and prankers increase the number of instances to 1.3K in 1990, 50K in 2000, and 200M in 2010; by 2005 they become monetized for commercial gain. In Sept. Gary W. Boone (1945-2013) and Michael James Cochran of Texas Instruments develop the 4-bit TMS 1000 microprocessor, obtaining the first microprocessor patent on Sept. 4, 1973, and introducing it in 1974; TI uses it in its first handheld scientific calculator, the TI-3000, which is marketed next year, becoming popular with students. In Mar. Intel Corp. of Santa Clara, Calif. delivers the 4-bit Intel 4004, the world's first microprocessor chip, with 2.3K transistors and the computing power of the ENIAC (60KHz CPU), designed by Marcian Edward "Ted" Hoff Jr. (1937-), Italian-born Federico Faggin (1941-), and Japanese engineer Masatoshi Shima (1943-), with software design by Stanley Mazor (1941-); it is announced commercially on Nov. 15; the memory chip stores 1K bits of data; perf. increases 8x by 1974. In Oct. the 29-node ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) is demonstrated publicly at the Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C. by Robert Elliot "Bob" Kahn (1938-) and Raymond Samuel "Sam" Tomlinson (1941-) of Bolt Beranek & Newman, featuring the first e-mail, using the @ sign to separate the addressee from the computer host, triggered by the shift-2 combo on the Model 33 Teletype keyboard; by 1975 there are 100 nodes worldwide. On Dec. 27 Oreol I, a satellite for studying the atmosphere is launched by the Soviet Union and France; Oreol II is launched on Dec. 26, 1973. The $250 Bowmar Brain electronic calculator is introduced, featuring an embedded microchip. Centron Corp. of the U.S. introduces the first Dot Matrix Printer. English electrical engineer Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (1919-2004) uses medical X-rays to reconstruct a 3-D image, improving on the CAT scan method previously discovered by Allan MacLeod Cormack (1924-98) and William Henry Oldendorf (1925-92) to create X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT Scan). Sam Hurst of Elographics develops the first Touch Sensor, which he turns into the first transparent touchscreen in 1974. India-born Dabbala Rajagopal "Raj" Reddy (1937-) of Carnegie Mellon U. develops Helen Reddy, er, Hearsay, the first software program for Computer Speech Recognition. Sony Corp. introduces the Videocassette for home recording of TV programs, starting a fight over copyright violations. Canada puts the first nuclear reactor in service that is cooled by ordinary water. The Soviet Union puts the first industrial Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Power Generator in operation in Apr., producing 25MW. The Pinzgauer high mobility all-terrain vehicle (named after an Austrian breed of draught horse) begins production in England. Tom Morey (1935-) of the U.S. invents Body Boarding. Ore. State U. develops grapefruity Cascade hops, which become the most widely used hops by U.S. craft breweries; meanwhile Yakima Valley, Wash., "the Fruitbowl of the Nation" produces 77% of all hops grown in the U.S. The wreck of the British Tudor era ship Mary Rose, which sunk on July 19, 1545 is discovered, and salvaged in 1982. Science: On Aug. 14-20 the Stanford Prison Experiment, run by New York City-born psychologist Philip George Zimbardo (1933-) sees students selected to play prisoners or guards; when the latter subject the former to psychological torture a little too readily, and one prisoner screams "I'm burning up inside!", the experiment is aborted; it later turns out to be a fraud. In Nov. Buffalo, N.Y.-born psychologist Irving Lester Janis (1918-90) pub. the article "Groupthink" in Psychology Today, recoining the term first coined in 1952 by William H. Whyte Jr. In Nov. Am. neuroscientists John O'Keefe and Jonathan O. Dostrovsky pub. the paper The Hippocampus as a Spatial Map, announcing their discovery of the Place Cells in the hippocampus. In Dec. Swiss pharmacologist Hartmann F. Stahelin (Stähelin) (1925-2011) of Sandoz Corp. in Basel, Switzerland discovers the immunosuppresant Cyclosporin (Ciclosporin) A in the fungus Tolypociadum inflatum; on Jan. 31, 1972 Belgian scientist Jean-Francois Borel (1933-) discovers its immunosuppresant activity; in 1978 Anthony C. "Tony" Allison (1925-2014) and Sir Roy Yorke Calne (1930-) of Cambridge U. prove its success in preventing organ rejection in kidney transplants; in 1983 it is approved by the FDA. Am. biochemist Bruce Nathan Ames (1928-) of UCB devises the Ames Test to determine the carcinogenicity (mutagenicity of DNA in the test organism) of chemicals by measuring the rate of mutation in Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. Pittsburgh, Penn.-born psychologist Sandra Ruth Lipsitz Bem (1944-) creates the Bem Sex Role Inventory, which incl. a scale for androgyny. Indian astrophysicist Jagadish Chandra "J.C." Bhattacharyya (1930-2012) discovers a thin atmosphere around Jupiter's moon Ganymede; in 1977 he discovers an extended ring system around Uranus. Leon Ong Chua (1936-) of the U.S. proposes Memristors, "the missing link in electronics", which mimic the synaptic activity of the brain by remembering the amount of charge that flowed through them after the power is switched off; they are finally perfected in 2010 by Hewlett Packard. Am. surgeon George Crile Jr. (1908-92) finds no difference in the 5-year 70% survival rate of breast cancer patients with radical vs. simple masectomies, pissing-off other surgeons who like the more expensive option, and starting a rev. in women, who go for lumpectomy first, then simple masectomy, then radical masectomy only if absolutely necessary; meanwhile breast cancer rates increase by 30% by the end of the cent., then decrease 10% between 2000-2004. French rheumatologists Jacques Forestier (1890-1978) and R. Lagier become the first to diagnose Ankylosing Hyperostosis of the spine, AKA Diffuse Ideopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), where the ligaments calcify, causing the vertebrae to fuse together, making the X-rays look like a dish of wax has been poured over the spine. English physicist Stephen William Hawking (1942-2018) suggests that black holes the size of a proton weighing 10 tons were formed following the Big Bang; the first black hole, inCygnus X-1 is discovered in Apr.-May - black swan jokes here? Dutch surgeon Henk de Kok invents the Laparoscopic Appendectomy procedure. The Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the U. of East Anglia in Norwich, England is founded by climatologist Hubert Horace Lamb (1913-97) (known as the Ice Man for predicting a coming ice age before switching to global warming after the hot summer of 1976), and supported by Sir Graham Sutton, Lord Solly Zuckerman et al., with financial support from British Petroleum (BP), Royal Dutch Shell, the Nuffield Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and later the Wolfson Foundation, pioneering the idea of the variability of the climate; in the late 1970s it begins contracting with the U.S. Dept. of Energy; in the mid-1980s British PM Margaret Thatcher becomes a strong backer. Japanese-born Canadian cell biologist Yoshio Masui (1931-) of the U. of Toronto and Am. developmental biologist L. Dennis Smith of Purdue U. independently discover Maturation (Mitosis) Promoting Factor (MPF), which controls when mitosis or meiosis begins in cells. Russian-born Belgian chemist Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (1917-2003) develops Non-Equilibrium Irreversible Thermodynamics, and shows that the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics doesn't doom the Universe to a heat death, winning him the 1977 Nobel Chem. Prize. French physicists Pierre Ramond (1943-) and Andre (André) Neveu (1946-), and Am. physicist John Henry Schwarz (1941-) develop String Theory, a string analog of the Dirac Equation incl. fermions and bosons; shortly thereafter French physicist Jean-Loup Gervais (1936-) and Japanese-born Am. physicist Bunji Sakita (1930-2002) show it to be a 2-dim. supersymmetry algebra via Dual Resonance Models; meanwhile Soviet physicist Yuri Abramovich Golfand (1922-94) and his student Evgeny P. Likhtman discover 4-dim. supersymmetry (SUSY) between bosonic and fermionic particles, opening up a possible Superworld. Am. evolutionary biologist Robert Ludlow "Bob" Trivers (1943-) proposes the theory of Reciprocal Altruism, followed in 1972 by Parental Investment, followed in 1973 by facultative sex ratio determination (that mammals can determine the sex ratio of their offspring to maximize their own reproductive success) (proved in 2013), followed in 1974 by Parent-Offspring Conflict, followed in 1976 by self-deception as an adaptive evolutionary strategy, founding the field of Evolutionary Sociobiology; "The chimpanzee and the human share about 99.5 percent of their evoltuionary history, yet most human thinkers regard the chimp as a malformed, irrelevant oddity, while seeing themselves as stepping stones to the Almighty." British pharmacologist Sir John Robert Vane (1927-2004) et al. of Wellcome Research Labs. pub. their discovery that aspirin produces its pain-relieving and fever-reducing effects by inhibiting synthesis of Prostagalandins, lipid mediators; too bad, one type of prostaglandin protects the stomach and kidney; Vane goes on to win the 1982 Nobel Med. Prize and get knighted in 1984 - in vain? A 100-person team at Harvard U. and the Federal Inst. of Tech. in Zurich, led by Am. chemist Robert Burns Woodward (1917-79) synthesizes Cyanocobalamin, one of the forms of Vitamin B-12. The Second British Royal College of Physicians Report on Smoking and Health is pub., calling cigarette smoking a cause of death comparable to typhoid and cholera in the 19th cent.; the British govt. bans cigarette ads on radio. U.S. researchers discover that electric currents can speed the healing of fractures. Nonfiction: Anon., Go Ask Alice; a memoir from a U.S. teenage girl who gets hooked on drugs in the late 1960s and dies; title taken from the 1967 Jefferson Airplane drug-loving song "White Rabbit"; "Remember what the dormouse said: Feed your head, feed your head." Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), The Common Sense of Politics. Saul David Alinsky (1909-72), Rules for Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals (May 14); the man who inspires Barack Obama leaves a how-to manual on community organizing for power to foist a Commie revolution under the banner of social change; dedicated to "the Light Bearer" (Satan?); "What follows is for those who want to change the world from what it is to what they believe it should be. The Prince was written by Machiavelli for the Haves on how to hold power. Rules for Radicals is written for the Have-Nots on how to take it away"; "Make the enemy live up to their own book of rules"; on July 8 while living in Berkeley, Calif., Hillary Clinton sends an airmail letter marked "personal" to him. Harry Ammon, James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity. Uell Stanley Andersen (1917-86), The Magic in Your Mind. Louis Aragon (1897-1982), Matisse: Oeuvre Grave (2 vols.). Michael J. Arlen, Exiles; about his daddy Michael Arlen (1895-1956), who tried to forget his Armenian heritage. Anthony Austin, The President's War: The Story of the Tonkin Gulf. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904-96), My Odyssey (autobio.) James Baldwin (1924-87) and Margaret Mead (1901-78), A Rap on Race; their 7.5-hour 1970 discussion on race and society. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Raise Race, Rays, Raize: Essays Since 1965. Roland Barthes (1915-80), The Last Happy Writer; Voltaire (1694-1778), the last thinker who didn't have to deal with relativism?; "Never has one brilliant writer so thoroughly misunderstood another" (Daniel Gordon). Ernest Becker (1924-74), The Lost Science of Man. Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer (1899-1972), Jean-Jacques Rousseau and His World. Isaiah Bendasan, The Jews and the Japanese. Pierre Berton (1920-2004), The Last Spike; the 1881-5 construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Harold Bloom (1930-2019), The Ringers in the Tower: Studies in Romantic Tradition. Spruille Braden (1894-1978), Diplomats and Demagogues (autobio.). P. Brickman and D. Campbell, Hedonic Relativism and Planning the Good Society; proposes the Hedonic Treadmill (Adaptation), the tendency of people to quickly return to a stable level of happiness after life changes. George Brown (1914-85), In My Way (autobio.); where Harold Wilson always found him? Peter Brown (1935-), The World of Late Antiquity, 150-750 (From Marcus Aurelius to Muhammad); 2nd ed. 1989; reinvents the field of Late Antiquity as the period between ancient and medieval history, disputing Edward Gibbon about it being a slow slide from a golden age to decadence, arguing that it was a period of immense cultural innovation, spending his career growing to Gibbon's stature as an authority, mastering 25+ languages. Taylor Caldwell (1900-85), On Growing Up Tough (autobio.). Daniel Harold Casriel (1924-83), Daytop: Three Addicts and Their Cure. David Caute (1936-), The Illusion: An Essay on Politics, Theatre and the Novel. Ronald William Clark (1916-87), Einstein: The Life and Times; "The life of Albert Einstein has a dramatic quality that does not rest exclusively on his theory of relativity. For the extravagant timing of history linked him with three shattering developments of the twentieth century: the rise of modern Germany, the birth of nuclear weapons, and the growth of Zionism. Their impact on his simple genius combined to drive him into a contact with the affairs of the world for which he had little taste. The result would have made him a unique historical figure even had he not radically altered man's ideas of the physical world" - one of TLW's favorite books in the 1970s? Oliver Edmund Clubb (1901-89), China and Russia: The Great Game. John Cody, After Great Pain: The Inner Life of Emily Dickinson. Carl Cohen, Civil Disobedience: Conscience, Tactics, and the Law. Robert Coles (1929-), Children of Crisis: A Study in Courage and Fear (vols. 2-3) ("Migrants, Sharecroppers, Mountaineers", "The South Goes North") (Pulitzer Prize); The Middle Americans: Proud and Uncertain; photos by Jon Erikson. Barry Commoner (1917-), The Closing Circle: Nature, Man and Technology; advocates eco-socialism after blaming the destruction of the environment on capitalism. Fred James Cook (1911-2003), The Nightmare Decade: The Life and Times of Senator Joe McCarthy. Paulette Marcia Cooper (1942-), The Scandal of Scientology; besteller (500K copies) by an Am. Belgian orphan who lost her parents in the Auschwitz Concentration Camp, exposing the Church of Scientology, causing it to begin Operation Freakout to have her imprisoned or put in a mental institution, filing 19 lawsuits against her, plus more against bookstores, libraries, etc., followed by Operation Dynamite, using her stationery and fingerprints to send bomb threats to Henry Kissinger et al., which the FBI uncovers in 1977 after raiding their offices; the church finally settles out of court with her in 1985. Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), The Confessions of Edward Dahlberg (autobio.). Ram Dass (1931-), Be Here Now; bestseller about yoga and meditation; favorite of Steve Jobs. Midge Decter (1927-), The Liberated Woman and Other Americans (essays); by the wife of conservative writer Norman Podhoretz (1930-). Carl N. Degler (1921-), Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States (Pulitzer Prize); why Brazil didn't develop a segregationist society like the U.S. because of lack of sharp distinctions between blackness and whiteness. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), Men, Ideas and Politics (essays). Gerald T. Dunne, Justice Joseph Story and the Rise of the Supreme Court; John Marshall's colleague. Edith Efron (1922-2001), The News Twisters; NYT bestseller alleges leftist bias in the media during the 1968 U.S. pres. election, getting her two invites to the Nixon White House, which she declines; followed by "How CBS Tried to Kill a Book" (1972). Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-), The American Health Empire: Power, Profits, and Politics. Paul R. Ehrlich (1932-) and John P. Holdren (1944-) (eds.), Global ecology: Readings toward a rational strategy for man; incl. Overpopulation and the Potential for Ecocide, predictig a possible new ice age caused by air pollution: "It seems, however, that a competing effect has dominated the situation since 1940. This is the reduced transparency of the atmosphere to incoming light as a result of urban air pollution (smoke, aerosols), agricultural air pollution (dust), and volcanic ash. This screening phenomenon is said to be responsible for the present world cooling trend - a total of about .2°C in the world mean surface temperature over the past quarter century. This number seems small until it is realized that a decrease of only 4°C would probably be sufficient to start another ice age.Moreover, other effects besides simple screening by air pollution threaten to move us in the same direction. In particular, a mere one percent increase in low cloud cover would decrease the surface temperature by .8°C. We may be in the process of providing just such a cloud increase, and more, by adding man-made condensation nuclei to the atmosphere in the form of jet exhausts and other suitable pollutants. A final push in the cooling direction comes from man-made changes in the direct reflectivity of the earth's surface(albedo) through urbanization, deforestation, and the enlargement of deserts. The effects of a new ice age on agriculture and the supportability of large human populations scarcely need elaboration here. Even more dramatic results are possible, however; for instance, a sudden outward slumping in the Antarctic ice cap, induced by added weight, could generate a tidal wave of proportions unprecedented in recorded history." Loren Eiseley (1907-77), The Invisible Pyramid (essays); The Night Country: Reflections of a Bone Hunting Man. Eliot Elisofon and Alan W. Watts (1915-73), The Temple of Konarak: Erotic Spirituality; the 13th cent. Sun Temple (Black Pagoda) of Konarak in Orissa, India on the Bay of Bengal is stone hard porno? Rowland Evans Jr. (1921-2001) and Robert D. Novak (1931-2009), Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power. Richard Anderson Falk (1930-), This Endangered Planet: Prospects and Proposals for Human Survival. Richard Anderson Falk (1930-) Gabriel Kolko, and Robert Jay Lifton, Crimes of War: A Legal, Political-Documentary, and Psychological Inquiry into the Responsibility of Leaders, Citizens, and Soldiers for Criminal Acts in Wars; they pub. a rev. ed. on Iraq in 2006. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Collected Essays (2 vols.). Jay Wright Forrester (1918-2016), World Dynamics; an attempt to model the complex interactions of the world economy, pop., and ecology, founding the field of Global Modeling; written after meeting with the Club of Rome. Pops Foster (1892-1969), The Autobiography of Pops Foster (posth.). Richard B. Freeman (1943-), The Market for College Trained Manpower. Herman Northrop Frye (1912-91), The Bush Garden. Nicholas Gage (1939-), A Portrait of Greece. Ernesto Galarza (1905-84), Barrio Boy (autobio.); born in Mexico, he sneaks into Calif. and becomes a farm worker union leader. Eduardo Galeano (1940-), Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent; the ugly last five cents. of Euro and U.S. exploitation of Latin Am.; banned in Uruguay and Chile, and made famous when Venezuelan pres. Hugo Chavez hands a copy to Pres. Barack Obama at the 5th Americas Summit in Trinidad on Apr. 17, 2009; "The division of labor among nations is that some specialize in winning and others in losing. Our part of the world, known today as Latin America, was precocious: it has specialized in losing ever since those remote times when Renaissance Europeans ventured across the ocean and buried their teeth in the throats of the Indian civilization. Centuries passed, and Latin America perfected its role" (opening); "Our region still works as a menial laborer. It continues to exist at the service of others' needs, as a source of oil and iron, of copper and meat, of fruit and coffee, the raw materials and foods destined for rich countries which profit more from consuming them than Latin America does from producing them"; "Our defeat was always implicit in the victory of others; our wealth has always generated our poverty by nourishing the prosperity of others." Addison Gayle Jr. (1932-91), The Black Aesthetic; claims that African-Am. lit. should be judged on how it transforms the lives of African-Ams., not how it assimilates into the white mainstream. Curt Gentry (1931-2014) and Francis Gary Powers (1929-77), Operation Overflight: The U-2 Spy Pilot Tells His Story for the First Time. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Winston S. Churchill: The Challenge of War, 1914-1916. Nikki Giovanni (1943-), Gemini: An Extended Autobiographical Statement of My First Twenty-Five Years of Being a Black Poet. Thaddeus Golas (1924-97), The Lazy Man's Guide to Enlightenment; written as a trip guide for LSD takers, it becomes a hit in the San Francisco area; too bad, he splits ranks with the New Age movement. Albert Goldman (1927-94), Freakshow: Misadventures in the Counterculture, 1959-1971. Jane Goodall (1934-), In the Shadow of Man; her first decade of chimp research. Graham Greene (1904-91), A Sort of Life (autobio.); the first 27 years of a tortured soul. Lester Grinspoon (1928-), Marihuana Reconsidered; Harvard psych. prof. sets out to write a book against marijuana, then claims it improved his appreciation for art, music, and religion, causing him to begin working for legalization. Sir John Habakkuk (1915-2002), Population Growth and Economic Development Since 1750. David Halberstam (1934-2007), Ho. Sir Norman Hartnell (1901-79), Royal Courts of Fashion. Werner Heisenberg (1901-76), Physics and Beyond (World Perspectives) (Dec.); tries to justify his participation in the Nazi A-bomb project by claiming he tried to slow it down; "America is a bigger and freer country. Leave the ballast of the past, pettiness of the Old World. One can start anew in the New World." Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2003), The Ra Expeditions. Christopher Hill (1912-2003), AntiChrist in 17th Century England; rev. ed. 1990. Edward Hoagland (1932-), The Courage of Turtles. Abbie Hoffman (1936-89), Steal This Book - made him a fortune? Richard Hofstadter (1916-70), America at 1750: A Social Portrait (posth.). David Joel Horowitz (1939-), The Free World Colossus: A Critique of American Foreign Policy in the Cold War. John Hospers (1918-), Libertarianism: A Political Philosophy for Tomorrow. Mary Catherine Raugust Howell (1932-98) et al., Our Bodies, Ourselves. Sir Julian Huxley (1887-1975), Memories (2 vols.) (1974-4). Fred Charles Ikle (1924-2011), Every War Must End; rev. eds. pub. in 1991, 2005; makes a fan of Colin Powell, who uses it to talk Pres. George H.W. Bush into ending the Gulf War. Christopher Isherwood (1904-86), Kathleen and Frank; his parents. Lyndon Baines Johnson (1908-73), The Vantage Point (autobio.) - the view from the safe car in the back of the Dallas motorcade? Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980), The Age of Energy: Varieties of American Experience, 1865-1915. George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), The Marquis de Custine and His "Russia in 1839"; "The best guide to Russia ever written." Dean H. Kenyon (1939-) and Gary Steinman, Chemical Predestination; bestseller with evolutionists for its claim that proteins evolved from the pure chemistry of amino acids; too bad, by 1979 Kenyon flip-flops and admits that he can't explain the origin of genetic information (DNA) itself, and that proteins can't be made without its help, and becomes a creationist; there are 20 amino acids and 30K types of proteins? Walter Kerr (1913-96), God on the Gymnasium Floor, and Other Theatrical Adventures. Ralph Louis Ketcham (1929-), James Madison: A Biography. Hildegard Knef (1925-2002), The Gift Horse: Report of a Life (autobio.); best-selling book in Germany since WWII. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), The Case of the Midwife Toad; Austrian biologist Paul Kammerer (1880-1926), leading exponent of Lamarckian inheritance of acquired characteristics is allegedly exposed for faking his experiments, then commits suicide, but was he really framed by Darwinian evolutionists, and had other evidence that was valid? Juanita Kreps (1920-), Sex in the Marketplace: American Women at Work. Irving Kristol (1920-2009), On the Democratic Idea in America. Hans Kung (1928-), Infallible? An Inquiry; first major Roman Catholic theologian in the 20th cent. to question papal infallibility; on Dec. 18, 1979 he is stripped of his license to teach but is not excommunicated. Frances Moore Lappe (1944-), Diet for a Small Planet; bestseller (3M copies); promotes eating less meat as a way for the world to survive, AKA environmental vegetarianism. Victor Lasky (1918-90), Robert F. Kennedy: The Myth and the Man. Joseph P. Lash (1909-87), Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship, Based on Eleanor Roosevelt's Private Papers (Pulitzer Prize); NYT bestseller; adapted for TV by ABC-TV. Aaron Latham, Crazy Sundays; the last years of F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood. Jane Van Lawick-Goodall (1931-), In the Shadow of Man; picked to study great apes in 1957 by Louis Leakey because he thought that women are more patient and perceptive than men? David Levering Lewis (1936-), Martin Luther King: A Critical Biography; the first? Assar Lindbeck (1930-), The Political Economy of the New Left; shows how in general the welfare system is self-destructive; "Next to bombing, rent control seems in many cases to be the most efficient technique so far known for destroying cities." Robert F. Lucid, Norman Mailer: The Man and His Work; The Long Patrol (a selection of Mailer's works). Sir Compton Mackenzie (1883-1972), My Life and Times (autobio.) (10 vols.) (1963-73). Norman Mailer (1923-2007), The Prisoner of Sex; pub. in the Mar. issue of Harper's mag.; anti-women's lib reply to Kate Millett's 1968 "Sexual Politics", calling her "the Battling Annie of some new prudery" and a "literary Molotov", and tasking feminism for the "dull assumption that the sexual force for a man was the luck of his birth, rather than his finest moral product", and accusing it of being "artfully designed to advance the fortunes of the oncoming technology of the state"; "Well, it could be said for Kate that she was nothing if not a pug-nosed wit, and that was good, since in literary matters she had not much else"; becomes the highest-selling issue in the mag.'s history, which doesn't stop them from firing editor Willie Morris for the offensive language he allowed through; too bad, Millett is outed as a lesbian, causing the women's movement to turn on her, and the gay movement to diss her for not coming out sonner, causing her to utter the soundbyte "Never queer enough for the fanatic... confused with straight people." Andre Malraux (1901-76), Felled Oaks: Conversations with de Gaulle. Paul de Man (1919-83), Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism (first book). Golo Mann (1909-94), Wallenstein: His Life Narrated; Thirty Years' War Hapsburg CIC Albrecht von Wallenstein (1583-1634). Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), Cultural Engineering and Nation-Building in East Africa. John McPhee (1931-), Encounters with the Archdruid. James A. Michener (1907-97), Kent State: What Happened and Why. Robert L. Middlekauff (1929-), The Mathers: Three Generations of Puritan Intellectuals, 1596-1728 (Bancroft Prize). Merle Miller (1919-86), On Being Different: What It Means to Be a Homosexual; pub. in the New York Times Mag., Jan. 17, 1971. Charles Mingus (1922-79), Beneath the Underdog (autobio.). Arthur Mizener (1907-88), The Saddest Story: A Biography of Ford Maddox Ford. Bob Monroe (1915-95), Journeys Out of the Body; bestseller (300K copies) popularizing the term "out-of-body experience". Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), A World Beyond: A Startling Message from the Eminent Psychic Arthur Ford from Beyond the Grave; claims she was Lazarus' 3rd sister Ruth and witnessed Jesus' circumcision. Gilbert Moore (1936-), A Special Rage. Samuel Eliot Morison (1887-1976), The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A.D. 500-1600; a U.S. Adm. personally visits the landfalls before dishing up their history; they were doughty voyagers in leaky ships? Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), Something Beautiful for God; Mother Teresa. Albert Murray (1916-), South to a Very Old Place. Barney Nagler, Brown Bomber; about boxer Joe Louis; explains his 1969 collapse and hospitalization at the Denver VA Hospital and Colo. Psychiatric Hospital as caused by cocaine use and paranoia. Allan Nevins (1890-1971), The War for the Union, Vol. 3: The Organized War, 1863-1864; The War for the Union, Vol. 4: The Organized War to Victory, 1864-1865 (posth.) (last vols. of 8-vol. series begun in 1947). David Niven (1910-83), The Moon's a Balloon (autobio.). Wayne E. Oates (1917-99), Confessions of a Workaholic: The Facts About Work Addition; coins the term "workaholic"; When Religion Gets Sick. Don Oberdorfer (1931-), Tet!: The Turning Point in the Vietnam War. Richard O'Connor, The Oil Barons: Men of Greed and Grandeur; "Balzac maintained that behind every great fortune there is a great crime" (but nobody can find the quote?). Michael Parenti (1933-), Trends and Tragedies in American Foreign Policy. Talcott Parsons (1902-79), The System of Modern Societies. Charles Petrie (1895-1977), King Charles III of Spain: An Enlightened Despot. Richard Poirier (1925-), The Performing Self: Compositions and Decompositions in the Languages of Contemporary Life. Francis Ponge (1899-1988), La Fabrique du Pre. John Enoch Powell (1912-98), The Common Market: The Case Against. Karl H. Pribram (1919-), Languages of the Brain: Experimental Paradoxes and Principles in Neuropsychology. Merlo John Pusey (1902-85), The USA Astride the Globe. Mary de Rachewiltz (1925), Discretions (autobio.); daughter of Ezra Pound. A.W. Raitt, Prosper Merimee [1803-1870]. Ayn Rand, The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution (essays). Marcus Raskin (1934-), Being and Doing: An Inquiry into the Colonization, Decolonization and Reconstruction of American Society and Its State. Konstantins Raudive (1909-74), Breakthrough. John Rawls (1921-2002), A Theory of Justice; bestseller (200K copies) reviving liberal political philosophy, treating justice as fairness; revives the academic study of political philosophy; "Helped a whole generation of learned Americans revive their faith in democracy itself" (U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton). Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), American Poetry in the Twentieth Century. Evgeny Riabchikov, Russians in Space; tr. Guy Daniels. Jasper Ridley (1920-2004), Lord Palmerston. George Riemer, The New Jesuits; modern Am. Jesuits - in the days before Ambien? Robert Roberts (1905-79), The Classic Slum (autobio.); his childhood in Salford, England and its caste system. Theodor Rosebury, Microbes and Morals. Mike Royko (1932-97), Boss; bestseller about corrupt Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley, by a hard-hitting Chicago newspaperman. Conrad Russell (1937-2004), The Crisis of Parliaments: English History 1509-1660 (first book); son of Bertrand Russell becomes a 17th cent. Britain historian. William Ryan (1923-), Blaming the Victim. Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80), The Family Idiot: Gustave Flaubert (1821-80), 1821-1857 (5 vols.); tr. Carol Cosman. Theodore W. Schultz (1902-98), Investment in Human Capital: The Role of Education and Research. Robert Sencourt, T.S. Eliot: A Memoir; by his close friend. Lloyd S. Shapley (1923-), The Dollar Auction Game: A Paradox in Noncooperative Behavior and Escalation; describes the Dollar Auction Game. Lloyd S. Shapley (1923-) and Martin Shubik (1926-), The Assignment Game I: The Core. Melville Shavelson (1917-2007), How to Make a Jewish Movie (autobio.). Tony Shearer (1926-), Quetzalcoatl: Lord of the Dawn; touts Aug. 1987 and Dec. 2012 as big dates based on the Mayan Calendar. Gail Sheehy (1937-), Panthermania: The Clash of Black Against Black in One American City; the murder trial of Black Panther Bobby Seale. Elaine Showalter (1941-) (ed.), Women's Liberation and Literature. B.F. Skinner (1904-90), Beyond Freedom & Dignity; the fetish for individualism, free will, and moral autonomy stands in the way of using scientific methods to modify behavior to make a better happier society? Delia Smith (1941-), How to Cheat at Cooking; in 1973-5 she hosts the BBC-TV show Family Fare, making her into a British celeb. C.P. Snow (1905-80), Public Affairs. Robert Sobel (1931-99), Conquest and Conscience: The 1840s. Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95) and Anthony Towne, Suspect Tenderness: The Ethics of the Berrigan Witness. John Terraine (1921-2003), Impacts of War, 1914 & 1918; blames British PM Lloyd George for blackening WWI British Gen. Douglas Haig's memory, helping feed the German myth that their army had never been defeated in the field, along with the lighter casualties of WWII, which make those in WWI seem far worse in retrospect, turning public opinion about Haig around. Hugh Thomas (1931-), Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom; from the English capture of Havana in 1762 to Castro. Keith Thomas (1933-), Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century England; brings the history of magic into the history of ideas in Europe, making him a star. Hunter S. Thompson (1937-2005), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream (autobio.); pub. on Nov. 11, 1971 by Rolling Stone; Raoul Duke (Thompson) and Dr. Gonzo (a 300-lb. Samoan) go to Las Vegas to cover the Mint 400 race; Dr. Gonzo is modelled after Thompson's Mexican-Am. friend (Chicano activist) Oscar Zeta Acosta (1935-74), who later disappears in Mexico; "We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold" (opening); "A vile epitaph for the drug culture of the sixties" (Thompson); "Best Book of the Dope Decade" (Tom Wolfe). Peter Tompkins (1919-2007), Secrets of the Great Pyramid. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), Surviving the Future. Barbara W. Tuchman (1912-89), Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45; U.S. Gen. Joseph "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell (1883-1946) in Burma watching the Chinese tear each other up? Adam Bruno Ulam (1922-2000), The Rivals: America and Russia Since World War II. Michael Walzer (1935-), Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands; can a moral person choose to enter politics knowing that he must inevitably make immoral decisions? Alan W. Watts (1915-73), Erotic Spirituality: The Vision of Konarak; A Conversation with Myself. Stanley Weintraub (1929-), Journey to Heartbreak: The Crucible Years of Bernard Shaw 1914-18; George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) and his pacifism in WWI. Lawrence Welk (1903-92), Wunnerful, Wunnerful (autobio.). G.A. Wells (1926-2017), The Jesus of the Early Christians: A Study in Christian Origins; questions the historicity of Jesus Christ, causing a firestorm of controversy; too bad, in the late 1990s he accepts the existence of a mysterious itinerant Galilean miracle worker behind the Q document. John Wilcock (1927-), The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol; Andy Warhol (1928-87); based on audio tapes of his friends. Edmund Wilson (1895-1972), Upstate: Records and Recollections of Northern New York (autobio.). Arthur Wise (1923-82), The Art and History of Personal Combat. Robin Wood (1931-2009), The Apu Trilogy (June 6). Robin Wood (1931-2009) and Ian Cameron, Antonioni, Revised Edition. George Woodcock (1912-95), The Anarchist Prince: A Biographical Study of Peter Kropotkin; Into Tibet: The Early British Explorers; Victoria. Frances Amelia Yates (1899-1981), The Rosicrucian Enlightenment. Art: Vito Hannibal Acconci (1940-), Seedbed (Jan. 15-29); hides beneath a ramp at the Sonnabend Gallery flogging his bishop and speaking into a loudspeaker - you're gonna be huge, I can smell it? Ernie Barnes (1938-), Sugar Shack; used on the cover of the 1976 Marvin Gaye album "I Want You". Chris Burden (1946-), Shoot; has friend shoot him in the left arm while being filmed on Super-8. Alexander Calder (1898-1976), Cow with Yellow Face (sculpture); Autumn Leaves (tapestry). Richard Diebenkorn (1922-93), Ocean Park No. 43. Jean Dubuffet (1901-85), Les Perequations (The Levelings) (sculpture). Willem de Kooning (1904-97), Amityville. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Otto Por Tre; Paralleles de la Viel. Robert Motherwell (1915-91), Elegy to the Spanish Republic. No. 110. Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), Beer Glass at Noon. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Young Bather with a Sand Shovel. Larry Rivers (1923-2002), I Am Coming, Henry Henry. Terry Schoonhoven (1945-2002), The Isle of California (mural); erected at Butler St. and Santa Monica Blvd. in West Los Angeles, Calif. George Segal (1924-2000), To All Gates (sculpture). W. Eugene Smith (1918-78), Minamata; photos of Japanese villagers disfigured by mercury. Wayne Theibaud (1920-), Glass of Wine and Desserts. Mark Tobey (1890-1976), Thanksgiving Leaf. Music: The Jesus Rock Movement peaks this year? Ten Years After, A Space in Time (album #7) (Aug.); incl. I'd Love to Change the World (#40 in the U.S.). The Allman Brothers Band, At Fillmore East (double album) (July); incl. Whipping Post, In Memory of Elizabeth Reed. America, America (album) (debut) (#1 in the U.S.); original title "A Horse With No Name"; sells 1M copies; discovered and produced by Ian "Sammy" Samwell (1937-2003); from London, England, incl. Dewey Bunnell (1951-), Gerald Linford "Gerry" Beckley (1952-), and Dan Peek (1950-2011); becomes Warner Brothers' biggest-selling act of the 1970s; incl. A Horse With No Name (#1 in the U.S.) (original title "Desert Song") (inspired by Vandenberg AFB?), I Need You (#9 in the U.S.), Sandman (about the VQ-2 air squadron based in Rota, Spain?), Three Roses. Lynn Anderson (1947-), (I Never Promised You a) Rose Garden; daughter of Liz Anderson. Argent, Ring of Hands (album #2). Eddy Arnold (1918-), Welcome to My World (album) (Feb. 1); incl. Welcome to My World; written in 1964 by Johnny Hathcock (1919-2000); becomes his theme song. Sir Frederick Ashton (1904-88), Tales of Beatrix Potter (ballet). The Association, Stop Your Motor (album #7) (July); incl. P.F. Sloan, written by Jimmy Webb, who denies that it's about his former mentor P.F. Sloan (1945-). Badfinger, Straight Up (album #3); (Dec. 13) (#31 in the U.S.); incl. Baby Blue (#14 in the U.S.) (written by Pete Ham about his babe Dixie Armstrong), Day After Day (#4 in the U.S.). Joan Baez (1941-), Blessed Are... (album #9) (double album) (July)); last with Vanguard before signing with A&M; incl. Blessed Are; The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down (#3 in the U.S.) (first released in 1969 by The Band). The Band, Cahoots (album); incl. All You Need is Love. Captain Beefheart (1941-) and The Magic Band, Mirror Man (album #5) (Apr.) (#49 in the U.K.); incl. Tarotplane, Kandy Korn. Herschel Bernardi (1923-86), Pencil Marks on the Wall. Bloodrock, D.O.A. The Moody Blues, Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (album #7) (July 23) (#1 in the U.K., #2 in the U.S.); incl. The Story in Your Eyes, Procession, Emily's Song. Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, Motel Shot (album #5) (Mar.) (#65 in the U.S.); incl. Never Ending Song of Love (#13 in the U.S.). Pierre Boulez (1925-), Explosante-Fixe. David Bowie (1947-2016), Hunky Dory (album #4) (Dec. 17); incl. Queen Bitch, Oh! You Pretty Things. Bread, Manna (album #3); incl. If. Brewer and Shipley, Shake Off the Demon (album #4); incl. Shake Off the Demon. Benjamin Britten (1913-76) and Myfanwy Piper (1911-97), Owen Wingrave (opera for TV) (Aldwych) (May 16); from an 1892 story by Henry James; stars Peter Pears as Sir Philip Wingrave. Savoy Brown, Street Corner Talking (album #7). Jimmy Buffett (1946-), High Cumberland Jubilee (album #2). Bill and Buster, Hold On to What You've Got. The Byrds, Byrdmaniax (album) (June 23); Farther Along (album) (Nov. 27). Can, Tago Mago (double album) (album #2); first with Kenji "Damo" Suzuki replacing Malcolm Mooney; incl. Mushroom, Halleluhwah. The Carpenters, Carpenters (Tan Album) (album #3) (May 14) (#2 in the U.S., #12 in the U.K.); sells 4M copies; first album with the Carpenter's emblem; incl. For All We Know, Rainy Days and Mondays, Superstar. Johnny Cash (1932-2003), Man in Black (album). Ray Charles (1930-2004), Don't Change On Me; Feel So Bad; Booty Butt. Cher (1946-), Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves (Cher) (album) (Oct. 30); sells 8M; incl. Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves, The Way of Love. Blue Cheer, Oh! Pleasant Hope (album #6) (Apr.); next album in 1984; incl. Oh! Pleasant Hope. Chicago, Chicago III (double album) (album #3) (Jan. 11) (#2 in the U.S.); released after they run out of original material and have to stump between long hours on the road; album cover "Tattered Flag" features the band dressed in historical U.S. uniforms in front of a field of cross representing those who died in the Vietnam War, along with a list of U.S. casualties by war to date; incl. Free (#20 in the U.S.), Lowdown (#40 in the U.S.); Chicago at Carnegie Hall (quadruple album) (first live album) (Oct. 25) (#3 in the U.S.) (1M copies). Cheech and Chong, Cheech and Chong (album) (debut); Thomas B. Kin "Tommy" Chong (1938-) and Richard Anthony "Cheech" Marin (1946-). Chilliwack, Chilliwack (album #2) (double album); incl. Lonesome Mary. Christie, Yellow River. Gene Clark (1944-91), Roadmaster (album). Tom Clay (1929-95), What the World Needs Now (Abraham, Martin and John) (#8 in the U.S.) (1M copies); 1-hit wonder. Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen, Lost in the Ozone (album) (debut) (Nov.) (#82 in the U.S.); incl. Hot Rod Lincoln (#9 in the U.S.); cover of the 1955 Charlie Ryan-Johnny Bond hit. Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), Songs of Love and Hate (album #3) (Mar.) (#145 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); incl. Famous Blue Raincoat, Avalanche, Joan of Arc. Judy Collins (1939-), Living (album #10) (Nov.). Arthur Conley (1946-2003), Walking on Eggs. Alice Cooper (1948-), Love It to Death (album #3) (#35 in the U.S.); incl. Love It to Death, I'm Eighteen (#21 in the U.S.), Caught in a Dream (#94 in the U.S.), Ballad of Dwight Fry, Is It My Body; Killer (album #4) (Nov.) (#21 in the U.S.); "greatest rock album of all time" (Johnny Rotten); incl. Under My Wheels (#59 in the U.S.), Be My Lover (#49 in the U.S.), Dead Babies, Halo of Flies. King Crimson, Islands (album #4) (Dec.); incl. Formentera Lady, Ladies of the Road. Seals and Crofts, Year of Sunday (album #3). David Crosby (1941-), If I Could Only Remember My Name (album) (solo debut) (Feb. 22); David and the Dorks; incl. Cowboy Movie (about "sweet little Indian girl" Rita Coolidge, who helped break the band up in 1970). Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, 4 Way Street (album #3) (Apr. 7); live stuff before they broke up. Mario Davidovsky (1934-), Synchronisms No. 6 for Piano and Electronic Sound (Pulitzer Prize); performed by musicians with traditional instruments accompanied by prerecorded electroacoustic music created in a lab. Grateful Dead, Grateful Dead (Skull & Roses) (Skull Fuck) (album) (Oct.). Sandy Denny (1947-78), The North Star Grassman and the Ravens (album); incl. The North Star Grassman and the Ravens. John Denver (1943-97), Poems, Prayers and Promises (album #4) (Apr. 6); his breakthrough album; incl. Poems, Prayers and Promises, Take Me Home, Country Roads (his signature song), Sunshine on My Shoulders; Aerie (album #5) (Feb.) (#75 in the U.S.). Daddy Dewdrop (1940-), Chick-A-Boom (Don't Ya Jes' Love It) (#9 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder based on the tune "John Jacob Jingleheimerschmitt". Neil Diamond (1941-), I Am I Said (Mar. 27) (#4 in the U.S.); I'm a Believer (June 26) (#51 in the U.S.); Stones; Crunchy Granola Suite. The 5th Dimension, Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes (album #6) (Feb. 1); incl. Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes; Reflections (album #7) (Oct. 1); The Fifth Dimension/Live! (album). Hamza El Din (1929-2006), Escalay: The Water Wheel (album) (album #3); first "world music" record to become a hit in the West. Donovan (1946-), HMS Donovan (album #10); children's album. Doobie Brothers, The Doobie Brothers (album) (debut); from San Jose, Calif., incl. Charles Thomas "Tom" Johnston (1948-), Patrick "Pat" Simmons (1948-) (guitar), John Hartman (1950-) (drums), Dave Shogren (bass); Nobody. The Doors, L.A. Woman (album #6) (Apr.); last with Jim Morrison, who moves to Paris and dies on July 3; incl. L.A. Woman, Love Her Madly, Riders on the Storm. Nick Drake (1948-74), Bryter Layter (album #2) (Mar. 6); incl. Bryter Layter, Fly, Poor Boy, Northern Sky. Tangerine Dream, Alpha Centauri (album #2) (Mar.); incl. Ultima Thule. Eagles, Eagles (al bum) (debut) (June 1); named after the Byrds; not "The Eagles" but Eagles; from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Glenn Lewis Frey (1948-2016), Donald Hugh "Don" Henley (1947-), Joseph Fidler "Joe" Walsh (1947-), Timothy Bruce Schmit (1947-) (bass), Bernie Leadon (1947-), Donald William "Don" Felder (1947-), Randy Herman Meisner (1946-) (bass); incl. Peaceful Easy Feeling. Take It Easy (#12 in the U.S.), Peaceful Easy Feeling (#22 in the U.S.), Witchy Woman (#9 in the U.S.), Take the Devil. Cass Elliot (1941-74), Dave Mason and Cass Elliot (album #5) (Feb.); incl. Walk to the Point. Fleetwood Mac, Dragonfly (Mar.); first without Peter Green and with Christine McVie. The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Flying Burrito Bros (album #3) (June) (#176 in the U.S.); first with Rick Roberts replacing Gram Parsons; incl. To Ramona (by Bob Dylan). Aretha Franklin (1942-2018), Young, Gifted and Black (album); incl. Oh Me Oh My (I'm a Fool For You Baby), Rock Steady, Young, Gifted and Black, Day Dreaming. Free, Free Live! (album #5) (Sept.) (#4 in the U.K.); My Brother Jake; too bad, the band breaks up in Apr. Georgie Fame (1943-) and Alan Price (1942-), Fame and Price, Price and Fame: Together! (album); incl. Rosetta. Family, Fearless (album #6) (Oct.); Roger Chapman; incl. Between Blue and Me, Larf and Sing. Little Feat, Little Feat (album) (debut) (Warner Bros. Records); from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Lowell George (vocals, guitar) (formerly of Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention), Bill Payne (keyboards), Roy Estrada (bass), and Richie Hayward (drums) (named after Lowell's little feat, with the spelling modified as a homage to the Beatles); incl. Willin'. Earth, Wind and Fire, Earth, Wind and Fire (album) (debut) (Feb.); incl. Love is Life; The Need of Love (album #2) (Nov.); incl. Energy; Maurice White (1941-), Wade Flemons (1940-), Don Whitehead, Sherry Scott, Phillard Williams (drums), Verdine White (1951-) (bass), Michael Beale (guitar), Chester Washington (reeds), Leslie Drayton (trumpet), and Alex Thomas (trombone); founder Maurice White's astrological sign is Sagittarius, which has no water qualities, get it? Pink Floyd, Relics (album) (May 14); Meddle (Oct. 31); incl. One of These Days, A Pillow of Winds, Fearless, San Tropez, Echoes. Focus, Focus II (Moving Waves) (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Hocus Pocus (#9 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.). Funkadelic, Maggot Brain (album #3) (July); incl. Maggot Brain. P-Nut Gallery, Do You Know What Time It Is? The James Gang, Thirds (album #3) (Apr.); last with Joe Walsh, who is credited with "guitar, vocals, and train wreck"; incl. Walk Away; James Gang Live in Concert (album) (Sept.); their Carnegie Hall performanes. Kool and the Gang, Live at the Sex Machine (album #2) (Jan.); Live at PJ's (album #3) (Dec.). Marvin Gaye (1939-84), What's Going On (album #8) (May 21); sad song cycle based on the death of Tammi Terrell; incl. What's Going On (why all the deaths of black men in racial violence and Vietnam?), What's Happening Brother, Mercy, Mercy Me (The Ecology), God is Love. Bee Gees, Trafalgar (album #7) (Sept.); incl. How Can You Mend a Broken Heart, Don't Wanna Live Inside Myself, Lonely Days. Genesis, Nursery Cryme (album #3) (Nov. 12); first with drummer Phil Collins (1951-), along with Peter Brian Gabriel (1950-), Tony Banks, Michael John Cleote Crawford "Mike" Rutherford (1950-), and Stephen Richard "Steve" Hackett (1950-). Bobby Goldsboro (1941-), Watching Scotty Grow. Moby Grape, 20 Granite Creek (album); the original five members, incl. Skip Spence. Gypsy, In the Garden (album #2) (July) (#173 in the U.S.); incl. As Far As You Can See (As Much As You Can Feel). Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Daddy Frank (The Guitar Man); Carolyn. Tom T. Hall (1936-), I Remember the Year Clayton Delaney Died. Herbie Hancock (1940-) and Terry Plumeri, He Who Lives in Many Places (album). Tim Hardin (1941-80), Bird on a Wire (album) (#189 in the U.S.); incl. Bird on a Wire. Roy Harper (1941-), Stormcock (album #5); incl. The Same Old Rock (w/Jimmy Page AKA S. Flavius Mercurius). Procol Harum, Broken Barricades (album #5); incl. Broken Barricades. Richie Havens (1941-), Alarm Clock (album); incl. Here Comes the Sun; he ends playing with Peter Yarrow and Paul Stookey as Peter, Paul and Richie. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Shaft Soundtrack (double album) (July); incl. Shaft Theme, Soulville, Do Your Thing; Black Moses (double album); incl. Never Can Say Goodbye (#22 in the U.S.). Canned Heat, Live at Topanga Corral (album); recorded in 1969 at the Kaleidoscope in Hollywood, Calif.; Historical Figures and Ancient Heads (album #6) (Dec. 14); first with Joel Scott Hill; incl. That's All Right. Canned Heat and John Lee Hooker (1912-2001), Hooker 'N Heat (double album) (Jan. 15); incl. Meet Me in the Bottom. Uriah Heep, Salisbury (album #2) (Jan.); incl. Salisbury (backed by a 24-piece orchestra), Lady in Black (#1 in Germany); Look at Yourself (album #3) (Sept.); cover reveals a reflective distorting foil mirror; incl. July Morning (inspires the Bulgarian Hippie tradition). John Lee Hooker (1917-2001), Endless Boogie (double album). Mott the Hoople, Wildlife (album); Brain Capers (album); Death May Be Your Santa Claus. Mary Hopkin (1950-), Let My Name Be Sorrow. Janis Ian (1951-), Present Company (album). New Inspiration, Rainbow. The Isley Brothers, Love the One You're With. Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Got To Be There (album) (Jan. 24) (solo debut); incl. Got To Be There (Oct. 7) (2M copies, #4 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.) (Michael Jackson's first solo single, launching his solo career), Rockin' Robin (#2 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.), I Wanna Be Where You Are (#16 in the U.S.). Wanda Jackson (1937-), Back Then; Fancy Satin Pillows. The Jackson 5, Maybe Tomorrow (album #5) (Apr. 12); incl. Maybe Tomorrow, Never Can Say Goodbye (written by Clifton Davis); The Jackson 5's Greatest Hits (album) (Dec.); incl. Sugar Daddy (#10 in the U.S.). Mungo Jerry, Baby Jump (#1 in the U.K.); Lady Rose (#5 in the U.K.). Billy Joel (1949-), Cold Spring Harbor (album) (debut) (Nov.); incl. She's Got a Way, Everybody Loves You Now. Elton John (1947-), Tumbleweed Connection (album) (Jan.); incl. Ballad of a Well-Known Gun; Burn Down the Mission; Friends Soundtrack (album) (Apr.); incl. Friends; 17-11-70 (11-17-70) (album) (May 10); incl. Bad Side of the Moon; Madman Across the Water (album #4) (Nov. 5); incl. Madman Across the Water. Robert John (1946-), Wimweh/ The Lion Sleeps Tonight (#3 in the U.S.); sells 1M copies. Tom Jones (1940-), She's a Lady; written by Paul Anka for him. Janis Joplin (1943-70), Pearl (2nd album) (Feb. 1) (posth.) (recorded in Sept. 1970); incl. Me and Bobby McGee (by lover Kris Kristofferson), Mercedes Benz. Kimi and Ritz, Merry Christmas Baby; Richard O'Brien (1942-) and his wife Kimi Wong O'Brien; becomes a cult hit after the success of his "The Rocky Horror Show". Carole King (1942-), Tapestry (album) (Mar.); #1 in the U.S. for 1five weeks; sells 13M copies; a bigger hit because she doesn't try to sell herself as a sex object?; incl. I Feel the Earth Move, It's Too Late, You've Got a Friend (with James Taylor) (#1 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.), So Far Away, Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow?, (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman. The Kinks, Percy Soundtrack (album) (Mar. 26); Muswell Hillbillies (album #9) (Nov. 24); incl. 20th Century Man. Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, I Don't Want to Do Wrong (#17 in the U.S.). Kris Kristofferson (1936-), The Silver Tongued Devil and I (album); incl. The Silver Tongued Devil and I, Jody and the Kid, Billy Dee. Labelle, Labelle (album) (debut); Patti LaBelle's new look and new promoter Vicki Wickham. John Lennon (1940-80), Imagine (album #2) (Sept. 9) (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); sax by King Curtis; "chocolate-coated for public consumption" with string accompaniments"; incl. a postcard showing him holding a pig to mock Paul McCartney's pose with a sheep on the cover of his Ram album; incl. his signature song Imagine (a plea for world peace sans religion, with lyrics starting "Imagine there's no Heaven/ It's easy if you try/ No Hell below us/ Above us only sky/ Imagine all the people living for today/ Imagine there's no countries/ It isn't hard to do/ Nothing to kill or die for/ And no religion too/ Imagine all the people/ Living life in peace/ You may say that I'm a dreamer/ But I'm not the only one/ I hope someday you'll join us/ And the world will be as one"; Jealous Guy. Thin Lizzy, Thin Lizzy (album) (debut) (Apr. 30); from Dublin, Ireland, incl. Philip Paris "Phil" Lynott (1949-86) (vocals, bass) (the Irish Jimi Hendix?), and Brian Michael Downey (1951-) (drums); incl. Honesy Is No Excuse. Meat Loaf (1947-2022) and Cheryl "Shaun" "Stoney" Murphy, Stoney and Meatloaf (album) (debut). Loggins and Messina, Sittin' In (album) (debut) (Nov.); Kenneth Clark "Kenny" Loggins (1948-) and James Melvin "Jim" Messina (1947); incl. Danny's Song, House at Pooh Corner. Loretta Lynn (1935-), You're Looking at Country. Fleetwood Mac, The Original Fleetwood Mac (album) (May); Future Games (album #5) (Sept. 3); first with Bob Welch and Christine McVie. Mahavishnu Orchestra, The Inner Mounting Flame (album) (debut) (Aug. 14) (#89 in the U.S.); jazz-rock fusion group from New York City, incl. John McLaughlin (guitar), Billy Cobham (drums), Rick Laird (bass guitar), Jan Hammer (piano), and Jerry Goodman (violin); incl. You Know, You Know. Herbie Mann (1930-2003), Push Push (album); incl. Push Push (with Dane Allman). Wadsworth Mansion, Sweet Mary. Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Soul Revolution (album); incl. Sun is Shining; The Best of the Wailers (album) (Aug.). Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Roots (album #2) (Oct.); Curtis/Live! (album). Paul McCartney (1942-) and Linda McCartney (1941-98), Ram (album) (May 28); only album credited to them; incl. Too Many People, Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey, Heart of the Country, Gene McDaniels (1935-), Headless Heroes of the Apocalypse (album #10). Don McLean (1945-), American Pie (album) (Oct.); incl. Vincent (Starry Starry Night) (about earless artist Vincent Van Gogh), American Pie (8:33); about the Day the Music Died (Feb. 3, 1959); cryptic lyrics referencing rock and movie stars turn fans on; #1 for 4 weeks; Satan refers to Mick Jagger. Melanie (1947-), The Good Book (album) (May); incl. The Good Book; Gather Me (album) (Dec.); incl. What Have They Done to My Song, Ma?, Brand New Key. Gian Carlo Menotti (1911-2007), The Most Important Man (opera); commissioned by New York City Opera conductor (1944-79) Julius Rudel (1921-). Olivier Messiaen (1908-92), La Fauvette des Jardins. Lee Michaels (1945-), Do You Know What I Mean? (#6 in the U.S.). Steve Miller Band, Rock Love (album #6) (Nov.); incl. The Gangster is Back. Ronnie Milsap (1943-), Ronnie Milsap (Aug.) (album) (debut). Morning Mist, California On My Mind. Joni Mitchell (1943-), Blue (album #4) (June); incl. Blue, Carey, A Case of You, River, This Flight Tonight, The Last Time I Saw Richard. Brownsville Mockingbird, Joy of Cooking. Lou Monte (1917-89), I Have an Angel in Heaven. Van Morrison (1945-), Tupelo Honey (album #5) (Oct.); incl. Tupelo Honey, Wild Night. Mountain, Nantucket Sleighride (album #2) (Jan.) (#16 in the U.S.); Flowers of Evil (album #3) (Nov.); they break up from 1972-4. The Move, Message from the Country (album #4); incl. Ella James (May); Tonight (June); Chinatown (Oct.). Moxy, Kinfolk (album). Anne Murray (1945-), Talk It Over in the Morning (album #5). Anne Murray (1945-) and Glen Campbell (1936), Anne Murray/ Glen Campbell (album) (Nov.). Graham Nash (1942-), Songs for Beginners (album) (solo debut) (May 28); incl. Chicago (about the 1989 Dem. Nat. Convention and the Chicago Eight). Anthony Newley (1931-99), Pure Imagination/ Ain't It Funny (album). Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), If Not for You (album) (debut) (Nov.) (#158 in the U.S.); incl. If Not for You, If You Could Read My Mind. Three Dog Night, Joy to the World: Their Greatest Hits (album #12) (Nov.). Harry Nilsson (1941-94), The Point! (album #6) (Feb.); about a a boy named Oblio, the only round-headed person in the Pointed Village; shown as the ABC Movie of the Week on Feb. 2, starring Ringo Starr, the first animated special to be shown on U.S. prime time TV; staged in 1977 at the Mermaid Theatre in London, starring Micky Dolenz as Oblio, and Davy Jones as The Leafman and The Count's Kid; incl. Me and My Arrow; Aerial Pandemonium Ballet (album); Nilsson Schmilsson (album #7) (Nov.) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. Without You (#1 in the U.S.), Coconut (#8 in the U.S.) ("She put the lime in the coconut, she drank 'em both up"), Jump Into the Fire (#27 in the U.S.). The Nice, Elegy (album #5) (Apr.) (#5 in the U.K.); released after they disbanded, with Keith Emerson joining Emerson, Lake and Palmer; next album in 2003. Three Dog Night, Golden Bisquits (album #6) (Feb.); incl. Mama Told Me Not to Come (by Randy Newman), Eli's Coming (by Laura Nyro), Celebrate; Harmony (album #7) (Sept.); incl. An Old Fashioned Love Song (by Paul Williams) (#4 in the U.S.), Never Been to Spain (by Hoyt Axton) (#5 in the U.S.), The Family of Man (by Jack Conrad and Paul Williams). Peter Noone (1947-), Oh! You Pretty Things; written by David Bowie. Laura Nyro (1947-97), Gonna Take a Miracle (album #5) (Nov. 17) (#46 in the U.S.); all covers; incl. Monkey Time/ Dancing in the Street, Spanish Harlem. Yoko Ono (1933-), Fly (album #2) (double album) (Mar. 12); incl. Hirake, Mrs. Lennon, Midsummer New York, Mind Train, Open Your Box, Don't Worry, Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking For Her Hand in the Snow); about her daughter Kyoko Chan (1963-), kidnapped this year by her daddy Anthony Cox, and taken to live underground with the Church of the Living Word (Walk), her named changed to Rosemary (reunited in 1994). Roy Orbison (1936-88), (Love Me Like You Did It) Last Night/ Close Again (Aug.). Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), The Electric Light Orchestra (No Answer) (album) (debut); the title "No Answer" was caused by a mistaken telephone message to a U.S. record exec; incl. 10538 Overture, Mr. Radio; Jeffrey "Jeff" Lynne (1947-) (vocals), Beverley "Bev" Bevan (1944-) (drums), Richard Tandy (1948-) (keyboards). Tony Orlando (1944-) and Dawn, Dawn Featuring Tony Orlando (album #2). Gilbert O'Sullivan (1946-), Himself (album). The Mamas and the Papas, People Like Us; the group temporarily reforms to avoid being sued for $250K each; incl. Step Out. The Plastic Ono Band, Happy Xmas (War Is Over) (Oct. 28) (#2 in the U.K.); becomes a Christmas standard covered by Sarah McLachlan, Andy Williams, Neil Diamond, Diana Ross, Jimmy Buffett, Celine Dion, Carly Simon, The Moody Blues, REO Speedwagon et al. Dolly Parton (1946-), Coat of Many Colors (album) (debut) (Oct. 30); incl. Coat of Many Colors (single). Krzysztof Penderecki (1933-), Utrenja (symphony) (New York). Humble Pie, Rock On (album #4) (Mar.); last with Peter Frampton; incl. Shine On; Performance: Rockin' the Fillmore (double album) (Nov.) (#21 in the U.S.); incl. I Don't Need No Doctor (#73 in the U.S.). Elvis Presley (1935-77), Elvis Country: I'm 10,000 Years Old (album #11) (Jan. 2) (#12 in the U.S.) (#6 in the U.K.) (1M copies); incl. Funny How Time Slips Away (by Willie Nelson), Make the World Go Away (by Hank Cochran); Rags to Riches/ Where Did They Go Lord (Mar.) (performed by Elvis on New Year's Eve in the Pittsburgh Civic Arena, accompanying himself on piano); You'll Never Walk Alone (album) (Mar.); incl. You'll Never Walk Alone. Life/ Only Believe (May); Love Letters from Elvis (album) (June); C'mon Everybody (album) (July); The Other Sides - Worldwide Gold Award Hits, Vol. 2 (4-disk album) (Aug.); I'm Leavin'/ Heart of Rome (Aug.); I Got Lucky (album) (Oct.); incl. I Got Lucky; Elvis Sings the Wonderful World of Christmas (album) (Oct.); It's Only Love/ Sound Of Your Cry (Oct.); Merry Christmas Baby/ O Come All Ye Faithful (Nov.) (with Gretchen Wilson). Billy Preston (1946-2006), I Wrote a Simple Song (album #6) (June 25); incl. Outa-Space. Deep Purple, Fireball (album #5) (July) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Fireball (#15 in the U.K.), Strange Kind of Woman (#8 in the U.K.), Anyone's Daughter. Quicksilver, Quicksilver (album #6) (Nov.); Dino Valenti. Grand Funk Railroad, Survival (album #4) (Apr.); E Pluribus Funk (album #5) (Sept.); incl. People, Let's Stop the War. Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Bonnie Raitt (album) (debut). Redbone, The Witch Queen of New Orleans (#21 in the U.S.) (#2 in the U.K.). Helen Reddy (1941-), I Don't Know How to Love Him (album) (debut) (May) (#100 in the U.S.); incl. I Don't Know How to Love Him (#13 in the U.S.); Helen Reddy (album #2) (Nov.) (#167 in the U.S.). Paul Revere and The Raiders, Indian Reservation (album); incl. Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian), Birds of a Feather. Creedence Clearwater Revival, Sweet Hitch-Hiker (July). Middle of the Road, Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep (album) (debut); incl. Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep (by Lally Stott) (#1 in the U.K.) (10M copies), Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum (#2 in the U.K.), Soley Soley (#5 in the U.K.); from Scotland, incl. Sally Carr (1945-) (vocals), Ian McCredie (1947-) (guitar), Eric McCredie (1945-) (bass), and Ken Andrew (1942-) (drums). Jerome Robbins (1918-98), The Goldberg Variations (ballet) (New York) (May); uses the complete J.S. Bach score. Tommy Roe (1942-), Stagger Lee. Kenny Rogers (1938-) and the First Edition, Transition (album #7). The Bay City Rollers, Keep on Dancing (by the Gentrys) (#9 in the U.S.); from Edinburgh, Scotland, incl. Gordon Fraser "Nobby" Clark (1950) (vocals), Eric Faulkner (1953-) (guitar), Stuart John "Woody" Wood (1957-) (guitar), Alan Longmuir (1948-) (bass), and Derek Longmuire (1951-) (drums). Atomic Rooster, Tomorrow Night. The Grass Roots, Two Divided By Love. John Rowles (1947-), Cheryl Moana Marie. Black Sabbath, Master of Reality (album #3) (July 21); their masterpiece?; incl. After Forever, Embryo, Solitude, Into the Void, Lord of This World. New Riders of the Purple Sage, New Riders of the Purple Sage (album) (Aug.) (#39 in the U.S.); from San Francisco, Calif.; composed mainly of members of The Grateful Dead incl. Jerry Garcia (steel guitar), John Collins "Marmaduke" Dawson IV (1945-2009) (guitar), David Nelson (guitar), Spencer Dryden (drums), and Dave Torbert (bass); incl. I Don't Know You, Dirty Business, Last Lonely Eagle; in Nov. 1971 Buddy Cage replaces Jerry Garcia. Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), She Used to Wanna Be a Ballerina (album); incl. Soldier Blue. Salvage, Hot Pants. Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Thembi (album #7); incl. Thembi; Live at the East (album); Black Unity (album). Boz Scaggs (1944-), Moments (album #3) (Mar.); incl. Downright Women; Boz Scaggs & Band (album #4) (Dec.); incl. Monkey Time. Gil Scott-Heron (1949-71), Pieces of a Man (album #2); incl. Home Is Where the Hatred Is. The Searchers, Desdemona (#94 in the U.S.) (last release). Seatrain, The Marblehead Messenger (album #3) (Oct.); produced by George Martin. Bob Seger (1945-), Brand New Morning (album #3) (Oct.); incl. Brand New Morning. Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Concerto for Violin, Violoncello and Orchestra; When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd. Sandie Shaw (1947-), Rose Garden; Show Your Face. Ricky Shayne (1944-), Mammy Blue. Carly Simon (1945-), Carly Simon (album) (debut) (Feb.) (#30 in the U.S.); incl. That's the Way I've Always Heard It Should Be (#10 in the U.S.); Anticipation (album #2) (Nov.) (#30 in the U.S.); incl. Anticipation (#13 in the U.S.) (about a date with Cat Stevens), Legend in Your Own Time (#50 in the U.S.) (about beau James Taylor). REO Speedwagon, REO Speedwagon (album) (debut) (Oct.); incl. 157 Riverside Album. Jimmie Spheeris (1949-84), Isle of View ("I love you") (album) (debut); incl. I Am the Mercury. Status Quo, Dog of Two Head (album #4) (Nov.). Steppenwolf, For Ladies Only (album #6) (July 10); incl. Ride With Me. Cat Stevens (1948-), Teaser and the Firecat (album #1) (Oct. 1); incl. Peace Train, Morning Has Broken (a Christian hymn with lyrics by Eleanor Farjeon), Moonshadow. Rod Stewart (1945-), Every Picture Tells a Story (album #3) (May); incl. Every Picture Tells a Story, Maggie May (writtten by Martin Quittenton), (Find a) Reason to Believe. Rod Stewart (1945-) and the Faces, A Nod's as Good as a Wink to a Blind Horse (album); incl. Stay With Me. Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007), Hymnen (symphony) (New York). Sly and the Family Stone, There's a Riot Goin' On (album #5) (Nov. 20) (#1 in the U.S.) (1M copies); original title "Africa Talks to You"; incl. Family Affair (#1 in the U.S.), Running' Away (#23 in the U.S.), (You Caught Me) Smilin' (#42 in the U.S.). The Rolling Stones, Sticky Fingers (album #11) (Apr. 23); cover features the crotch of Joe Dalesandro in tight blue jeans, with a working zipper that opens to reveal a man in cotton briefs, conceived by Andy Warhol (1928-87), designed by John Pasche, and photographed by Billy Name; first use of the "Tongue and Lip Design" of Pasche, inspired by the Hindu goddess Kali the Destroyer; incl. Brown Sugar, Sway, Wild Horses, Can't You Hear Me Knocking, You Gotta Move, Bitch, I Got the Blues, Sister Morphine, Dead Flowers, Moonlight Mile. Paul Stookey (1937-), Paul &... (solo debut); incl. The Wedding Song (There Is Love); written in 1969 for the wedding of Peter Yarrow and Mary Beth McCarthy (niece of Sen. Eugene McCarthy) in Willmar, Minn.; profits are donated to a fund for struggling musicians. Supertramp, Indelibly Stamped (album #2) (June 1971); cover shows a nude woman's breasts; 2nd straight flop causes their millionaire backer to leave them. James Taylor (1948-), James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine (album #2); Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon (album #3) (Apr.); incl. You've Got a Friend (written by his babe Carole King). Livingston Taylor (1950-), Liv (album #2). Temptations, Sky's the Limit (album) (Apr. 22); incl. Just My Imagination (Running Away With Me (#1 in the U.S.). Four Tops, Mac Arthur Park (album). The Four Tops and the Supremes, The Return of the Magnificent Seven. The Pop Tops, Mammy Blue. T.Rex, Electric Warrior (album #6) (Sept. 24) (#32 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Jeepster, Bang A Gong (Get It On) (#10 in the U.S.). Traffic, Welcome to the Canteen (album #5) (Sept.); The Low Spark of High Heeled Boys (album #6) (Nov.); incl. The Low Spark of High Heeled Boys. Hot Tuna, First Pull Up, Then Pull Down (album #2) (June) (#43 in the U.S.). Barbara and the Uniques, There It Goes Again. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Find Another Love; What Am I to Do With You. The Ventures, New Testament (album) (Apr.). Junior Walker (1931-) and the All Stars, Take Me Girl I'm Ready (#16 in the U.K.). T-Bone Walker (1910-75), Good Feelin' (album). War, War (album #3) (Apr.); All Day Music (album #4) (Nov.); incl. Slippin' Into Darkness (1M copies). Roger Whittaker (1936-), Mammy Blue. The Who, Who's Next (album #5) (July 31); incl. Who's Next, about the failed rock opera "Lifehouse", featuring the tracks My Wife, Bargain (ode to Meher Baba), The Song Is Over, Behind Blue Eyes, Won't Get Fooled Again, and Baba O'Reily (often mistakenly caused Teenage Wasteland because of the chorus); Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy (album) (Oct. 30). Andy Williams (1927-), Love Story (album) (Feb.) (#3 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); Where Do I Begin (Love Story) (lyrics by Carl Sigman); You've Got A Friend (album) (Aug.) (#54 in the U.S.); incl. A Song for You (#82 in the u.S.). Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings, Wild Life (debut) (Dec. 7) (debut); incl. Linda McCartney, Denny Seiwell (drums) (with moustache), Denny Laine (Brian Frederick Arthur Hines) (1944-) (formerly of The Moody Blues); incl. Wild Life, Tomorrow. Edgar Winter (1946-), Edgar Winter's White Trash (album #2); incl. Keep Playin' That Rock and Roll. Johnny Winter (1944-), Live Johnny Winter And (album). Bill Withers (1938-), Just As I Am (album) (debut) (May); incl. Ain't No Sunshine (#3 in the U.S.), Grandma's Hands (#42 in the U.S.). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Where I'm Coming From (album #12) (Apr. 12); incl. If You Really Love Me. Betty Wright (1953-), Clean Up Woman. Tammy Wynette (1942-98), We Sure Can Love Each Other (album) (Apr. 1); incl. We Sure Can Love Each Other; Good Lovin' (Makes It Right), Bedtime Story; Tammy Wynette (1942-98) and George Jones, We Go Together (album). Yes, The Yes Album (album #3) (Feb. 19) (#40 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); last with Tony Kaye (until 1993), and first with Stephen James "Steve" Howe (1947-); incl. Starship Trooper, I've Seen All Good People; Fragile (album #4) (Nov. 26) (#4 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.); Rick Wakeman; cover art by Roger Dean (1944-); incl. Roundabout, South Side of the Sky. Frank Zappa and the Mothers, Fillmore East - June 5, 1971 (album); 200 Motels Soundtrack (double album) (Oct. 4). Zephyr, Going Back to Colorado (album #2); incl. Going Back to Colorado, Miss Libertine. Led Zeppelin, Led Zeppelin IV (album #4) (Nov. 8) (no title on the cover); sells 37M copies (23M in the U.S.); incl. Black Dog, Going to California, Misty Mountain Hop, When the Levee Breaks, Rock and Roll, The Battle of Evermore (with Sandy Denny, who becomes the only guest vocalist on one of their albums), Stairway to Heaven, written by pot-smoking 23-y.-o. Robert Anthony Plant (1948-) in the remote Bron-Yr-Aur (Gael. "hill of gold") cottage in Wales; "If there's a bustle in your hedgerow/ don't be alarmed now/ it's just a spring clean for the May Queen." Movies: Richard O. Fleischer's 10 Rillington Place (Feb. 10) (Filmways) (Columbia Pictures), based on the book by Ludovic Kennedy about English serial killer John Reginald Hilliday Christie (1899-1953) (Richard Attenborough) shows how he conned mentally deficient Timothy John Evans (John Hurt) into taking his rap and getting away with a double murder, until he commits more and doesn't dispose of four bodies (incl. his wife Ethel) well enough and they are discovered hidden in his flat at 10 you know what in Notting Hill, London. Tony Palmer's 200 Motels (Nov. 10) is about Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention and their mad life on the road. Sidney Lumet's The Anderson Tapes (Sept. 21), based on the 1970 Lawrence Sanders novel features 007 Sean Connery breaking out of his typecasting as a burglar, followed by The Offence" (1973), "Murder on the Orient Express" (1974), and "Family Business" (1989); he previously starred in "The Hill" in 1965. Robert Wise's The Andromeda Strain (Mar. 12), based on the 1969 Michael Crichton novel about an alien germ that kills humans and is taken for study to the Wildfire Complex in N.M., where the plan to nuke it has to be stopped because it feeds on nuclear energy; stars Kate Reid as Dr. Ruth Leavitt, Arthur Hill as Dr. Jeremy Stone, David Wayne as Dr. Charles Dutton, and James Olson as Dr. Mark Hall. Woody Allen's Bananas (Apr. 28) stars Woody as a bumbling New York Jew Fielding Mellish (big stretch?), who becomes dictator of San Marcos to impress his babe Nancy (Louise Lasser), ordering his people to speak Swedish. George Sherman's Big Jake (May 26) (Batjac Productions) (Nat. Gen. Pictures), written by Harry Julian Fink and Rita M. Fink, filmed in Durango, Mexico stars John Wayne as Jacob McCandles, Maureen O'Hara as his estranged wife Martha, and Richard Boone as John Fain, leader of a gang of outlaws who wound Big Jake's son Jeff (Bobby Vinton) and kidnap his grandson Little Jake (Ethan Wayne), causing him to go after them along with his sons James (Patrick Wayne) and Michael (Christopher Mitchum, son of Robert Mitchum), and old injun Sam Sharpnose (Bruce Cabot); debuts at the John Wayne Theater at Knott's Berry Farm; Laddie plays Wayne's dog; the last of five films pairing Wayne and O'Hara (first in 1950); "They wanted a ransom in gold. He gave them lead"; does $7.5M on a $4.8M budget. Tom Laughlin's Billy Jack (May 1), a sequel to "The Born Losers" (1967) stars Tom Laughlin (1931-) as a half-Cherokee ex-Green Beret hapkido expert who tries to save wild horses and a desert hippie freedom school for runaways (based on Prescott College), while the evil govt. bad guys come down on him; co-writer and wife (since 1954) Delores Taylor (1939-) plays his babe Jean Roberts; Clark Howat plays Sheriff Cole; features the song One Tin Soldier by Jinx Dawson of Coven, originally released in 1969 by Canadian group Original Caste; after Am. Internat. Pictures and 20th Cent. Fox dump it, Warner Bros. ends up with a surprise hit that costs $800K and rakes in $40M (#1 grossing film of 1971, later grossing $58M more), and spawns three sequels; Laughlin, who started the Montessori Preschool in Santa Monica, Calif. in the 1960s runs for U.S. pres. in 1992, 2004, and 2008. Peter Gimbel's Blue Water, White Death (June 1) is a documentary about scary great white sharks; inspires Steven Spielberg's 1975 "Jaws". Buzz Kulik's Brian's Song (Nov. 30), based on Gale Sayers' 1970 autobio. "I Am Third" is a tear-jerker ABC-TV movie of the week starring James Caan as white cancer-stricken Chicago Bears player Louis Brian Piccolo (1943-70), and Billy Dee Williams as black player and roommate Gale Eugene Sayers (1943-2020); incl. the song The Hands of Time (Brian's Song), composed by Michel Legrand. Mike Nichols' Carnal Knowledge (June 30), based on an unproduced play by cartoonist Jules Feiffer stars Art Garfunkel as Sandy, and Jack Nicholson as Jonathan, college virgin roomies who go on to lead contrasting sex lives for 25 years, along with their babes Candice Bergen, Ann-Margret, Carol Kane, Cynthia O'Neal, and Rita Moreno. Nagisa Oshima's The Ceremony ridicules Japanese culture, incl. a scene where a marriage must go ahead even though the bride is absent. Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange (Dec. 19) (Polaris Productions) (Hawk Films) ()Warner Bros.), based on the 1962 Anthony Burgess novel stars Malcolm MacDowell as Alex DeLarge, leader of a punk gang of droogs in future (1995?) Britain who speak Nadsat (a mix of English and Russian), hang out in the Korova Moloko (Milk) Bar (filled with erotic sculptures by Allen Jones), and invade the home of writer Frank Alexander (incredibly face-overacting Patrick Magee) and rape his wife Adrienne Corri while performing "Singin' in the Rain"; after receiving the Ludovico brainwashing treatment from the govt. and dreaming of shagging a woman in the snow, Alex (who lies to wear false eyelashes in his right eye) gets his mind right and goes normal, but it backfires when he stumbles back into Mr. Alexander's home and is tortured with Beethoven's Ninth then tries to commit suicide, after which the publicity brings the govt. down and causes them to unbrainwash him and give him a job; #7 grossing film of 1972 ($26.5M box office on a $2.2M budget); "I believe that drugs are basically of more use to the audience than to the artist." (Kubrick) Bernardo Bertolucci's The Conformist is based on a 1951 novel by Alberto Moravia that traces the Fascist mentality to a sexual motivation. Luchino Visconti's Death in Venice, based on the 1912 Thomas Mann novel stars Dirk Bogarde as Gustav von Aschenbach, who becomes obsessed with Polish teenie Tadzio in Venice, watches him get beaten up on the beach, and dies of a heart attack, the boy not even noticing. Pier Paolo Pasolini's The Decameron II (June 29) picks the dirtiest and most anti-clerical stories and makes them sumptuous. Guy Hamilton's Diamonds Are Forever (Dec. 14) (Eon Productions) (James Bond 007 film #7), based on the 1956 Ian Fleming novel stars Sean Connery, who returns to the James Bond role he once dumped for a $1M salary (after Adam West turns Cubby Broccoli down, citing the George Lazenby disaster?), and co-stars hi-IQ bikini babe Jill St. John as Tiffany Case, who galavants with him around Las Vegas in a tricked-out 1971 Mach 1 while trying to stop Ernst Stavro Blofield (Charles Gray) (who killed Bond's wife) from building a laser satellite; Bruce Glover and Putter Smith play over-the-top Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd of the Spangled Mob; Jimmy Dean finds a role that isn't too corny to kill the Bond coolness, spending most of his time locked up; the Diamonds Are Forever Theme is sung by Shirley Bassey; too bad, this film starts the string of humorous tongue-in-cheek 007 flicks; #3 grossing film of 1971 ($43.8M box office U.S. and $116M worldwide on a $7.2M budget); last appearance of SPECTRE until 2015; future U.S. ambassador to Mexico (1981-6) John Gavin (John Anthony Golenor Pablos) (1931-) originally signed to play 007 after George Lazenby left, and is also signed for the 1973 film "Live and Let Die", but is dumped for Roger Moore. Donald Siegel's Dirty Harry (Dec. 23) (Warner Bros.) stars Clint Eastwood as grimacing rule-breaking macho white San Francisco cop Harry Callahan, who packs a 6-shot Smith & Wesson Model 29 .44 Magnum revolver ("the most powerful handgun in the world" that'll "blow your head clean off"), and can't restrain himself with psycho Scorpio Killer Andy Robinson, uttering the immortal soundbyte: "Do you feel lucky, punk?" before blowing him away in a signature movie moment of the 1970s; does $36M box office on a $4M budget; sequels incl. "Magnum Force" (1973), "The Enforcer" (1976), "Sudden Impact" (1983), and "The Dead Pool" (1988); Eastwood later claims that the Hollyweird obsession with political correctness began about the time of this film's release. Joel Seria's Don't Deliver Us from Evil (Apr. 5) is about Anne (Jeanne Goupil) and Lore (Catherine Wagener), two female Catholic students who go down the path of sexual perversion; banned in the U.S. Jack Nicholson's Drive, He Said, Nicholson's dir. debut, based on the 1964 Jeremy Larner novel about campus basketball star Hector Bloom stars Nicholson, Karen Black, Bruce Dern, and Elisha Cook Jr. Al Adamson's Dracula v. Frankenstein (Blood of Frankenstein) (The Revenge of Dracula) (Teenage Dracula) (They're Coming to Get You) (Sept. 20) (Independent-Internat. Pictures) debuts, starring J. Carrol Nash as mad Dr. Durea/Frankenstein (last descendant of the original), who murders young girls to perfect his serum along with his mute asst. Groton (Lon Chaney Jr.); Count Dracula (Roger Engel (under the alias Zandor Vorkov) promises to help him revive the original Frankenstein's monster (John Bloom) that he exhumed from a secret grave in Oakmoor Cemetery in return for the serum in hopes it will make him immune to sunlight, setting up shop in the Creature Emporium on the boardwalk in Venice, Calif., reviving the monster and setting it loose on Durea's enemies, going on to take on some hos, hippies, and bikers before the final battle of you know who vs. you know who. Floyd Mutrux's Dusty and Sweets McGee is a docudrama about heroin addicts in Los Angeles. Norman Jewison's Fiddler on the Roof (New York) (Nov. 3), based on the Yiddish stories of Trevye the Dairyman by Sholem Aleichem and a drawing by Marc Chagall stars Chaim Topol, who subs for late Broadway star Zero Mostel, and features a violin soundtrack by Isaac Stern; #2 grossing film of 1971 ($80.5M); this year the Broadway show breaks the 2,844 perf. record of "Hello, Dolly!", and next year it closes after a record 3,242 perf. William Friedkin's The French Connection (Oct. 9), based on the 1969 true story book by Robin Moore stars Eugene Allen "Gene" Hackman (1930-) as porkpie-hat-wearing New York City detective Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle (based on real-life New York City detective Eddie Egan), and Roy Scheider as his partner Buddy Russo, who break a Marseille heroin ring run by Alain Charnier (Fernando Rey) by stripping down his brown 2-door Lincoln Continental mule car (license plate 18 LU 13); French TV performer Jacques Angelvin plays the cop-killing courier; features one of the best car chase scenes in Hollywood history; #4 grossing film of 1971 ($41.1M); "I'm going to nail you for picking your feet in Poughkeepsie" (Doyle); "I'd sooner be a lamp post in New York than the president of France" (Doyle). James Goldstone's The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight (Dec. 22), based on the 1969 Jimmy Breslin novel stars Jerry Orbach as New York mobster Joey Gallo, and Robert De Niro as Italian cyclist Mario Trantino, who gets lost in New York City, gets in trouble with the mob, and masquerades as a priest; luckily, De Niro takes the part after being aced out of "The Godfather" by Al Pacino, allowing him to star in "The Godfather: Part II". Mike Hodges' Get Carter (Mar. 10) (MGM), co-produced by Michael Caine is a crime thriller based on the 1969 Ted Lewis novel "Jack's Return Home", starring Michael Caine as London gangster Jack Carter, whose brother Frank is killed by gangsters, causing him to travel to Newcastle to investigate and get even, ending up being targeted; Ian Hendry plays chauffeur Eric Paice, Britt Eckland plays moll Anna, John Osborne plays Jack's adversary Cyril Kinnear, and Bryan Mosley plays amusement park owner Cliff Brumby; a box office flop, it goes on to develop a cult following; last film made at Borehamwood Studios. Joseph Losey's The Go-Between (Sept. 24) (MGM-EMI) (Columbia Pictures), co-written by Harold Pinter based on the 1953 L.P. Hartley novel stars Dominic Guard as young Leo Colston in 1900, who spends the summer at the Norfolk country house of his friend Marcus Maudsley (Richard Gibson), acting as you know what with his beautiful sister Marion Maudsley (Julie Christie) and farmer neighbor Ted Burgess (Alan Bates), who commits suicide after their secret illicit affair is found out; 50 years later Leo (Michael Redgrave) meets Marion again. Arthur Hiller's The Hospital (Dec. 14) stars George C. Scott as suicidal Dr. Herbert Bock, who tries to find some meaning in life with Barbara (Diana Rigg) while his screwy hospital is being stalked by a murderer. Dalton Trumbo's Johnny Got His Gun, based on Trumbo's 1939 novel is the film debut of Pres. George W. Bush lookalike Timothy James Bottoms (1951-) as a WWI soldier who is so wounded on the last day of the war that he appears to be brain dead but is actually fully aware, and is kept alive for scientific research until he finally learns to tap Morse code with his head. Peter Brook's B&W King Lear (Feb. 4), based on the Shakespeare play stars Paul Scofield as Lear, Jack MacGowran as the Fool, Susan Engel as Regan, Patrick Magee as Cornwall, and Anne-Lise Gabold as Cordelia. Alan J. Pakula's Klute (June 25) stars Jane Fonda as ho Bree Daniels, who assists private dick John Klute (Donald Sutherland) in and out of bed. Jack Lemmon's Kotch (Sept. 14), based on the Katherine Topkins novel stars Walter Matthau as retired salesman Joseph P. Kotcher, who becomes a nuisance to his son Gerald (Charles Aidman) and daughter-in-law Wilma (Felicia Farr) in Los Angeles by doting too much on grandson Duncan (Dean and Donald Kowalski). Peter Bogdanovich's The Last Picture Show (B&W) (Oct. 22), based on the 1966 Larry McMurtry novel stars Cybill Lynne Shepherd (1950-) as hot promiscuous virgin Jacy Farrow, Jeff Bridges as her impotent beau Duane Jackson, Ben Johnson as business owner Sam the Lion, Timothy Bottoms as Duane's friend Sonny Crawford, Cloris Leachman as his ever-crying older lover Ruth Popper, and Ellyn Burstyn as Jacy's mother Lois Farrow in the dying early 1950s rural Tex. town of Anarene (based on Abilene in Howard Hawks' 1948 film "Red River") where the teenies like to go skinny-dipping and the males like getting a piece of ass, drawing Bogdanovich comparisons with "Citizen Kane"; Shepherd (who hooks up offscreen with Bogdanovich?) is built-up as the ultimate piece by showing other women nude, but her only topless; the theatre's name is the Royal; does $29.1M box office on a $1.3M budget. Lee H. Katzin's Le Mans (June 23) stars Steve McQueen in a racing movie about the 1970 24 Hours of Le Mans auto race with mucho action and little dialog; "Steve McQueen takes you for a drive in the country. The country is France. The drive is at 200 MPH!" Roman Polanski's Macbeth (Oct. 13) (Playboy Productions) (Columbia Pictures), based on the Shakespeare play stars Jon Finch as Macbeth, Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth, Martin Shaw as Banquo, and Terence Bayler as Macduff; financed by Hugh Hefner, resulting in a nude sleepwalking scene for Lady Macbeth. Charles Jarrott's Mary, Queen of Scots (Dec.) (Universal Pictures), written by John Hale and produced by Hal B. Wallis stars Vanessa Redgrave as Mary, Queen of Scots, Glenda Jackson as her rival Elizabeth I, Patrick McGoohan as Mary's half-brother James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Timothy Dalton as Mary's 2nd husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Nigel Davenport as Mary's 3rd husband James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, Ian Holm as Mary's advisor David Rizzio, and Trevor Howard as Elizabeth's advisor Sir William Cecil; too bad, it has a soap opera plot? Robert Altman's McCabe & Mrs. Miller (June 24) (Warner Bros.), based on the 1959 Edmund Naughton novel stars Warren Beatty as whorehouse owner John McCabe in the mining town of Presbyterian Church, Wash. in the Old Am. West, and Julie Christie as the opium-addicted British cockney madame Constance Miller, who fight the Harrison Shaughnessy Mining Co. in Bearpaw in a film that's better than it sounds?; does $8.2M box office. Louise Malle's Murmur of the Heart (Le Souffle au Coeur) (Oct. 17) stars Benoit Ferreux as 15-y.-o. Laurent Chevalier, who grows up in 1950s bourgeois Dijon with mother Clara (Lea Massari) and father Charles (Daniel Gelin), who let him get away with anything incl. smoking, drinking, and sex, while Father Henri (Michael Lonsdale) makes a pass at him. Boris Sagal's The Omega Man (Aug. 1), based on the 1954 Richard Matheson novel "I Am Legend" stars Charlton Heston as Army Col. Robert Neville, the last survivor of the Mar. 1975 biological war between China and the Soviet Union that turns everybody else in LA into crazed nocturnal albino mutants. Terence Young's Red Sun (Sept. 15) stars "The Magnificent Seven" star Charles Bronson and "Seven Samurai" star Toshiro Mifune in a Wild West tale sans the usual racism that teaches U.S. viewers about the ways of the Samurai; also stars Ursula Andress and Alain Delon to give it a real internat. cast. Gordon Parks' Shaft (July 2), based on an Ernest Tidyman novel and starring Richard Roundtree as badass black New York city detective John Shaft launches the Blaxploitation genre, and wins Isaac Hayes (1942-2008) the first music Oscar ever given to an African-Am. composer; Parks also directs the 1972 sequel Shaft's Big Score. Paul Bogart's Skin Game (Sept. 30) stars James Garner and Louis Gossett Jr. as white and black con men Quincy Drew and Jason O'Rourke. Tim Burstall's Stork (B&W) (Dec. 27), based on the play "The Coming of Stork" by David Williamson; features the film debuts of 6'7" Kiwi actor Bruce Spence (1945-) and Jacqueline Ruth "Jacki" Weaver (1947-); does $224K box office on a $60K budget; the first successful Ocker comedy, usually featuring a male ocker speaking in a Strine (broad Australian accent) while wearing a blue singlet (sleeveless shirt) and rubber thongs (sandals) with a tinnie (beer can) in his hand propping up a bar; which push a "masculine, populist, and cheerfully vulgar view of Australian society", which some call Ozploitation, launching the Australian New Wave (Film Renaissance); others incl. "Stork" (1971), "The Adventures of Barry McKenzie" (1972), and "Alvin Purple" (1973). Sam Peckinpah's Straw Dogs (Nov. 3) stars Dustin Hoffman and Susan George as Am. marrieds David and Amy Summer, who move to rural England to get away from violence, and run into a bloody home siege battle. Robert Mulligan's Summer of '42 (Warner Bros.) (Apr. 9), based on the memoirs of screenwriter Herman Raucher about his vacation on Nantuck Island stars Gary Grimes as Hermie, and Jennifer O'Neill as his mysterious love babe; does $32M box office on a $1M budget; the novelization becomes a bestseller; followed by "Class of '44" (1973). John Schlesinger's Sunday Bloody Sunday (July 1) (United Artists), written by Penelope Gilliatt stars Peter Finch as wealthy gay Jewish physician Daniel Hirsh, Glenda Jackson as divorced working woman Alex Greville, and Murray Head as young gay artist Bob Elkin, who services both of them separately until an offer to open his own art gallery in New York and a wet winter weekend in London causes them to bump into each other; released before the real Bloody Sunday in Northern Ireland on Jan. 30, 1972; depicts gays as successful and well-adjusted, as contrasted with his 1969 film "Midnight Cowboy", which portrays them as self-loathing? Milos Forman's Taking Off (May 17) stars Linnea Heacock as teenie Jeannie Tyne, who runs away from home, causing her parents Lynn and Larry (Lynn Carlin and Buck Henry) to search for her, finding other parents whose children have fled, finally deciding they can enjoy life better now; incl. the song Ode to a Screw and the classic scene How to Smoke a Joint. George Lucas' THX 1138 (Mar. 11) (Lucas' feature film debut) stars Robert Duvall as the title char., who lives in an underground city in the 25th cent. sans sex and worships OMM 0910 in Unichapels, then discovers love with his computer-matched roommate LUH 3417 (Maggie McOmie) and tries to escape; the first film from Lucas' buddy Francis Ford Coppola's American Zoetrope Studio. Sean S. Cunningham's Together (Dec.) (Hallmark Releasing) is the first film of Cleveland, Ohio-born Wesley Earl "Wes" Craven (1939-2015), starring Providence, R.I.-born Marilyn Chambers (1952-2009) (the mother on the Ivory Snow box), who runs a yellow flower down a black man's throbbing manhood. Jacques Tati's Traffic is his last film, starring himself as Monsieur Hulot. Monte Hellman's Two-Lane Blacktop (July 7) stars James Taylor (driver) and Dennis Wilson (of the Beach Boys) (mechanic), who drag race across the U.S. in a primer grey 55 Chevy, taking on GTO driver Warren Oates. Jesus Franco's German language Vampyros Lesbos (Las Vampiras) (July 15) (Fenix Films), shot in Turkey stars Soledad Miranda as beautiful lezzie vampire Countess Nadine Carody, who uses her seductive nightclub act to lure unwary victims, setting her sights on Linda Westinghouse (Ewa Strömberg), causing her to have a series of erotic dreams that trigger when she travels to an island to settle an inheritance; the film score is incl. on the album Vampyros Lesbos: Sexadelic Dance Party, which becomes a hit in Britain; Richard C. Sarafian's Vanishing Point (Mar. 13) (20th Cent. Fox) stars Barry Newman as Vietnam Vet race car driver Kowalski, who tries to deliver a white 1970 Dodge Challenger R/T Magnum 440 from Denver, Colo. to San Francisco, Calif. a lot to fast, ending up being chased by police all the way while blind black disk jockey Super Soul (Cleavon Little) provides play-by-play commentary, calling him "the last American hero"; becomes a cult film; does $12.4M box office on a $1.58M budget; refilmed in 1997. Barbara Loden's Wanda (Feb. 28) is an indie road movie starring Loden as a divorcee who stops at a bar being stuck-up by Michael Higgins, and goes on a crime spree with him; the first and only film from Loden, wife of Elia Kazan. Blake Edwards' Wild Rovers (June 23) stars William Holden and Ryan O'Neal as cowhands Ross Bodine and Frank Post, who work for R-Bar-R Ranch, owned by Walter Buckman (Karl Malden), and get tired of it, deciding to rob a bank and retire, only to have him sic his sons John and Paul (Tom Skerritt and Joe Don Baker) on them. Mel Stuart's Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (June 30), based on the 1962 Roald Dahl novel stars Gene Wilder as man-child Willy, who gives golden ticket holder Charlie (Peter Ostrum) and his Grandpa Joe (Jack Albertson) a wondrous tour and offers Charlie a secret Everlasting Gobstopper; one of the best kiddie movies ever made; "It's everybody's non-pollutionary, anti-institutionary, pro-confectionary factory of fun!"; #5 grossing film of 1971 ($4M). Plays: Edward Albee (1928-2016), All Over (New York); deathbed drama; flops. Howard Brenton (1942-), Scott of the Antarctic. Ed Bullins (1935-), The Fabulous Miss Marie; the black middle class; In New England Winter. Michael Cook (1933-94), Tiln (debut). William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Douglas Cause; the July 21, 1761 death of anti-Jacobite Scottish nobleman Archibald Douglas, 1st Duke of Douglas (b. 1694), which results in his estates going to his 13-y.-o. alleged nephew instead of his 5-y.-o. cousin even though the nephew's mother would have been 51 at his birth. Jules Feiffer (1929-), Carnal Knowledge; Little Murders. Dario Fo (1926-), Fedayin; performed by PLO members. Alistair Foote and Anthony Marriott (1931-2014), No Sex Please, We're British (farce) (Strand Theatre, West End, London) (June 3) (6,761 perf.); only lasts 16 perf. on Broadway, which doesn't stop it from being performed in 52 countries, becoming the longest running comedy in history on Feb. 21, 1979; asst. bank mgr. Peter Hunter lives in a flat above his bank with his new bride Frances, who sends for some mail order Scandinavian glassware, receiving a flood of porno instead; Michael Crawford plays Brian Runnicles; filmed in 1973 starring Ronnie Corbett. James Goldman (1927-98), Stephen Sondheim (1930-), and Michael Bennett (1943-87), Follies (original title "The Girls Upstairs") (musical) (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (Apr. 4) (522 perf.); dir. by Harold Prince and Michael Bennett; stars Alexis Smith as Phyllis Rogers Stone, John McMartin as Benjamin "Ben" Stone, Dorothy Collins as Sally Durant Plummer, Gene Nelson as Buddy Plummer, and Yvonne De Carlo as Carlotta Campion; features the songs Broadway Baby, Losing My Mind, I'm Still Here, Too Many Mornings, Could I Leave You?. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Spoiled (Haymarket Theatre, London) (Feb. 24); Butley (Criterion Theatre, London) (July 5); stars Alan Bates as a suicidal alcoholic misanthropic T.S. Eliot scholar who loses his female and male lovers on the same day and falls apart. John Guare (1938-), The House of Blue Leaves (Truck and Warehouse Theater, New York) (Feb. 10) (337 perf.); his first full-length play, and first hit; set in Queens, N.Y. during Pope Paul VI's 1965 visit; stars Anne Meara, Katherine Helmond, Margaret Linn, and Harold Gould; Two Gentlemen of Verona (musical) (lyrics). Dorothy Hewett (1923-2002), The Chapel Perilous; or, The Perilous Adventures of Sally Banner (New Fortune Theatre, Perth) (Jan.). Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), The Patrick Pearse Motel (Dublin); satirical bedroom farce. Archibald MacLeish (1892-1982), Scratch (4 perf.); inspired by Stephen Vincent Benet's "The Devil and Daniel Webster". Joe Masteroff (1919-), 70, Girls, 70; a flop. Terrence McNally (1938-), Where Has Tommy Flowers Gone? (Eastside Playhouse, New York) (Oct. 7) (78 perf.); stars Robert Drivas and F. Murray Abraham. Alwin Nikolais (1910-93), Scenario (Theatre de la Ville, Paris). John Osborne (1929-94), A Sense of Detachment. Rochelle Owens (1936-), He Wants Shih (New York). Harold Pinter (1930-2008), Old Times (Aldwych Theatre, London) (June 1). David Rabe (1940-), Sticks and Bones (Joseph Papp's Public Theater, New York) (Nov. 7) (John Golden Theatre, New York) (Mar. 1, 1972) (246 perf.); 2nd in his Vietnam War trilogy, about the TV Nelson family coping with their son's return from the war; stars Tom Aldredge as Ozzie, Anne Jackson as Harriet, and Cliff DeYoung as David. Ronald Ribman (1932-), Fingernails Blue as Flowers (Am. Place Theater, New York). Ali Salem (1936-2015), School of the Troublemakers; a class of unruly teenies is reformed by a female teacher; his biggest hit. Stephen Schwartz (1948-) and John-Michael Tebelak (1949-85), Godspell (Cherry Lane Theater, New York) (May 17) (2,605 perf.); based on the Gospel of St. Matthew; incl. the song Day by Day. Burt Shevelove (1915-82), No, No, Nanette; revival of the 1925 musical by Irving Caesar (1895-1996), Otto Harbach (1873-1963), Vincent Youmans (1898-1946), and Frank Mandel; stars Ruby Keeler, Patsy Kelly, Helen Gallagher, Jack Gilford, Bobby Van, Loni Ackerman. Neil Simon (1927-2018), The Prisoner of Second Avenue (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Nov. 11) (780 perf.); stars Peter Falk as a New Yorker breaking down under the stress of urban life; also stars Lee Grant and Vincent Gardenia. David Storey (1933-), The Changing Room (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Nov. 9); about a semi-pro English rugby team, with an all-male cast. Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-) and Tim Rice (1944-), Jesus Christ Superstar (Mark Hellinger Theatre, New York) (Oct. 12) (711 perf.); dir. by Tom O'Horgan; the last seven days of the life of a most amazing Jew from Galilee, from the modern Jewish-Am. hippie POV, based on the concept album, starring Jeff Fenholt as Judas, Ben Vereen as Judas, and Bob Bingham as Caiaphas. Melvin Van Peebles (1932-), Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Oct. 20) (325 perf.); 1960s black ghetto life. David Williamson (1942-), The Removalists (Cafe La Mama, Melbourne) (July 22). Robert Wilson (1941-) and Raymond Andrews (1934-91), Deafman Glance; a play without words. Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87), Collected Plays (2 vols.); incl. "Electra", "The Fall of Masks", "Dialogue in the Swamp". Paul Zindel (1936-2003), And Miss Reardon Drinks a Little (Morosco Theatre, New York) (Feb. 25) (108 perf.); stars Julie Harris as Anna Reardon, Estelle Parsons as Catherine Reardon, Nancy Marchand as Ceil Adams, Rae Allen as Fleur Stein, and Bill Macy as Bob Stein. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Briefings: Poems Small and Easy. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Power Politics. Earle Birney (1904-95), Rag and Bone Shop. Paul Blackburn (1926-71), The Journals: Blue Mounds Entries. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), Loading Mercury with a Pitchfork; "Loading mercury with a pitchfork/ your truck is almost full. The neighbors/ take a certain pride in you. They/ stand around watching." William Bronk (1918-99), That Tantalus. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000), Aloneness. Rita Mae Brown (1944-), The Hand That Cradles the Rock. Paul Celan (1920-70), Schneepart (Snow-Part) (posth.). Robert Creeley (1926-2005), 1234567890; St. Martin's. Edward Dorn (1929-99), The Cycle; A Poem Called Alexander Hamilton; Spectrum Breakdown: A Microbook. Norman Dubie (1945-), Alehouse Sonnets (debut). Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), The Sovereign Sun; The Stepchildren. George Fetherling (1949-), Our Man in Utopia. Len Gasparini (ed.), Acknowledgement to Life: The Collected Poems of Bertram Warr. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), The Green-Sailed Vessel; Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. Thom Gunn (1929-2004), Moly; "Nightmare of beasthood, snorting, how to wake." Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), The Yellow Room: Love Poems. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Outlyers and Ghazals. John Hollander (1929-), The Night Mirror; incl. "Under Cancer". Richard Howard (1929-), Findings. Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), From a Notebook. Jack Kerouac (1922-69), Scattered Poems (posth.); incl. "San Francisco Blues", "Pull My Daisy", "American haiku"; "HERE DOWN ON DARK EARTH/ before we all go to Heaven/ VISIONS OF AMERICA/ All that hitchhikin/ All that railroadin/ All that comin back/ to America —Jack Kerouac". Galway Kinnell (1927-2014), The Book of Nightmares; "And then/ you shall open/ this book, even if it is the book of nightmares." Bill Knott (1940-), Auto-Necrophilia: The Poems, Book 2. Ted Kooser (1939-), Grass County. Stanley Kunitz (1905-2006), The Testing Tree. Irving Layton (1912-2006), Nail Polish; The Collected Poems of Irving Layton. Denise Levertov (1923-97), To Stay Alive. William Matthews (1942-97), The Cloud; Matthews' Compleat Palmistry. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Fields of Wonder. Samuel Menashe (1925-), No Jerusalem but This (debut). Howard Moss (1922-87), Selected Poems (Pulitzer Prize). John Newlove (1938-2003), The Cave. Alden Nowlan (1933-83), A Mysterious Naked Man. Charles Olson (1910-70), Archaeology of Morning (posth.). Linda Pastan (1932-), A Perfect Circle of Sun (debut). Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), Wonderings. Sylvia Plath (1932-63), Crossing the Water (posth.); "Black lake, black boat, two black, cut-paper people./ Where do the black trees go that drink here?/ Their shadows must cover Canada."; Winter Trees (posth.). Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), The Will to Change: Poems 1968-1970. Sonia Sanchez (1934-), It's a New Day: Poems for Young Brothas and Sistuhs. Anne Sexton (1928-74), Transformations. based on the tales of the Brothers Grimm. Martin Seymour-Smith (1928-98), Reminiscences of Norma: Poems 1963-1970; doesn't pub. another poetry collection until 1994, causing him to lose many readers. Charles Simic (1938-), Dismantling the Silence. Louis Simpson (1923-), Adventures of the Letter I; the subject of identity. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Corrosive Sublimate. Gerald Stern (1925-), Pineys (debut). Wallace Stevens (1879-1955), The Palm at the End of the Mind: Selected Poems and a Play (posth.). James Tate (1943-), Hints to Pilgrims. Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), Llegada de Los Dioses. Diane Wakoski (1937-), The Motorcycle Betrayal Poems; attacks a world where women are always #2 behind men, like how they sit on motorcyles. James Welch (1940-2003), Riding the Earthboy 40 (debut) (only pub. poetry vol.); about the 40 acres in Montana his father leased from the Blackfeet Earthboy family; "The most important book of poetry in all of Native American literature. James Welch is our Frost, Donne, Dickinson, and Stevens" (Sherman Alexie). Paul West (1930-), Caliban's Filibuster. James Arlington Wright (1927-80), Collected Poems (May 1) (Pulitzer Prize). Jay Wright (1934-), The Homecoming Singer (debut). Al Young (1939-), The Song Turning Back into Itself. Novels: Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89), Black Sun; a fire lookout at a nat. park falls for a girl half his age, who then disappears, causing him to be blamed. Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1888-1970), Shira (posth.). Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), A Soldier Erect; #2 in the Horace Stubbs Saga. Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), Girl, 20 (Sept. 22); an aging conductor leaves his wife for a young bird in swinging 1960s London. Evelyn Anthony (1928-), The Tamarind Seed; filmed in 1974 by Blake Edwards. Piers Anthony (1934-), Prostho Plus; Earth dentist Dr. Dillingham is captured by aliens and forced to work for them. Hubert Aquin (1929-77), Point de Fuite. Louis Aragon (1897-1982), Henri Matisse. Arnold M. Auerbach (1912-98), Is That Your Best Offer? Francisco Ayala (1906-2009), The Garden of Earthly Delights (El Jardin de las Delicias) (short stories). Nanni Balestrini (1935-), We Want Everything (Vogliamo Tutto). J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Vermillion Sands (short stories); Chronopolis and Other Stories; Low-Flying Aircraft and Other Stories. Frederick Barthelme (1943-), War and War (first novel). Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), Lassiter's Folly. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Gehen (Walking). William Peter Blatty (1928-2017), The Exorcist; #1 novel of the 1970s; sells 12M copies; a 12-y.-o. possessed girl, based on an actual exorcism in 1949; filmed in 1973; the mother was based on his friend Shirley MacLaine; written near Lake Tahoe in apt. #666? Robert Bloch (1917-94), Sneak Preview; It's All in Your Mind; Fear Today, Gone Tomorrow (short stories). Heinrich Boll (1917-85), Group Portrait with Lady (Gruppenbild mit Dame); Leni Guyten (1922-) tells the stories of her friends, lovers, and enemies in a small town in W Germany during the Nazi era; filmed in 1977. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), The Aleph and Other Stories, 1933-1969. Raffaello Brignetti (1921-), The Golden Beach (La Spiaggia d'Oro). Frederick Buechner (1926-), Lion Country; #1 in the Bebb Tetralogy (1971-9) about ex-Bible salesman Leo Bebb, founder of the Church of Holy Love, Inc. and pres. of the Gospel Faith College diploma mill. Charles Bukowski (1920-94), Post Office (first novel); boozing Henry Chinaski spends his older years delivering mail and gambling at the track; while pursuing alcohol, women, and writing; "Dedicated to nobody". Ed Bullins (1935-), The Hungered One (short stories). Anthony Burgess (1917-93), M/F (June 17); incest and Joycean word games. James Lee Burke (1936-), Lay Down My Sword and Shield; Hack Holland. William S. Burroughs (1914-97), The Wild Boys: A Book of the Dead; a group of militant homos in the future fight totalitarianism; inspires the Duran Duran song "The Wild Boys". George Cain (1943-), Blueschild Baby (first novel); autobio. novel about fighting his heroin addiction in Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, N.Y. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Queenie; the female Portnoy's Complaint? Albert Camus (1913-60), A Happy Death (La Mort Heureuse) (posth.); his first novel, precursor to "The Stranger" (1942), about French Algerian clerk Patrice Mersault (vs. Meursault). John Dickson Carr (1906-77), Deadly Hall. Angela Carter (1940-92), Love; a fatal love triangle in provincial Bohemia. Carlo Cassola (1917-87), Fear and Sorrow (Paura e Tristezza). David Caute (1936-), The Occupation: A Novel. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), The Golden Ball and Other Stories; Nemesis (Nov.); last Miss Marple novel. John Christopher (1922-2012), The Sword of the Spirits Trilogy (1971-2); about post-apocalyptic S England, where the Seers run a medieval society in the name of the Spirits, and keep Christians down. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), Hai. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), Why I Can't Talk on the Telephone (short stories). Jackie Collins (1937-2015), Sunday Simmons and Charlie Brick (The Hollywood Zoo) (Sinners). Dame Ivy Compton-Burnett (1884-1969), Ivy Compton-Burnett (1884-1969), The Last and the First (posth.); nasty family intrigues. Richard Condon (1915-96), The Vertical Smile. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Dwelling Place; Feathers in the Fire. William Cooper (1910-2002), You Want the Right Frame of Reference. Harry Crews (1935-), Karate is a Thing of the Spirit. Lawrence J. Davis (1941-), A Meaningful Life; "scathing satire about a reverse-pioneer from Idaho who tries to redeem his banal existence through the renovation of an old 'slummed-up' Brooklyn town house" (Village Voice). Didier Decoin (1945-), Abraham de Brooklyn. Len Deighton (1929-), Declarations of War. Samuel R. Delany (1942-), Driftglass: Ten Tales of Speculative Fiction (short stories). Don DeLillo (1936-), Americana (first novel); a U.S. TV exec goes on a cross-country car trip. Peter De Vries (1910-93), Into Your Tent I'll Creep; satire of women's lib. Joan Didion (1934-2021), Play It As It Lays. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Fun with Your Head (Under Compulsion) (short stories); White Fang Goes Dingo and Other Funny SF Stories. E.L. Doctorow (1931-), The Book of Daniel; a man attempts to discover the truth about his parents Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, executed in 1953. R.B. Dominic, There Is No Justice (Murder Out of Court); Benton Safford #3. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), The Onion Eaters; surrealistic fantasy about a hero with "three glands". Allan W. Eckert (1931-), Incident at Hawk's Hill. Karl Shapiro (1913-2000), Edsel (first and only novel). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Two Generals' Uniforms. Stanley Elkin (1930-95), The Dick Gibson Show; an Am. radio personality. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Sekonden. Philip Jose Farmer (1918-2009), Riverworld; first in a series (ends 1983). Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Crossing; the Dec. 25-26, 1776 Delaware Crossing and Battle of Trenton. E.M. Forster (1879-1970), Maurice (posth.) (written in 1913-14); about homosexuality. Margaret Forster (1938-), Mr. Bone's Retreat. Frederick Forsyth (1938-), The Day of the Jackal (first novel); by a former English correspondent for Reuters; a prof. assassin is hired by the French terrorist group OAS to assassinate French pres. Charles de Gaulle on Liberation Day, Aug. 25, 1963, in the Place du 18 Juin 1940, and is tracked by inspector Claude Lebel, who comes up with the name Charles Harold Calthrop, whose name spells jackal in French (chacal); "The Day of the Jackal was over" (last line); "I met the Jackal, although he did not have the smoothness and style of my Jackal" (Forsyth); the novel becomes a bible for real terrorists, and is found in the possession of Yigal Amir in 1995 and Vladimir Arutinian in 2005; Ilich Ramirez Sanchez is nicknamed Carlos the Jackal in the mistaken belief that he has a copy too; filmed in 1973. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), The Lovely Ladies (Over the High Side) (Van der Valk #9). Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973), Novella Seconda. Ernest J. Gaines (1933-), The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (first novel); bestseller about a 110-y.-o. black Am. ex-slave; becomes a hit with white readers; turned into a 1975 TV series starring Cicely Tyson. John Gardner (1933-82), Grendel; the monster's side of the Beowulf story. George Garrett (1929-2008), Death of the Fox; bestseller about Sir Walter Raleigh; first in his Elizabethan Trilogy (1983, 1990). William Howard Gass (1924-), Willie Masters' Lonesome Wife; claims that the book is the title char., and that the act of reading is like having sex with her. Paul Goma (1935-), Ostinato; anti-Communist novel gets its author booted from Romania, and he goes into exile in France on Nov. 20, 1977. Herbert Gold (1924-), The Magic Will: Stories and Essays of a Decade (short stories); The Young Prince and the Magic Cone. Lois Gould (1932-2002), Necessary Objects (Dec. 31). Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Japanese Girl (short stories). Davis Grubb (1919-80), The Barefoot Man; bosses in 1930 Wheeling, W. Va. keep workers down by spreading stories about a you know what, "a sort of scab". Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018), The Lathe of Heaven; title from mistranslated writings of Chuang Tzu; Portland draftsman George Orr in nightmare 2002 learns that his dreams turn into reality, and tries to improve the world, making it worse; The Tombs of Atuan (Earthsea #2). Lars Gustafsson (1936-), Mr. G. Himself. A.B. Guthrie Jr. (1901-91), Arfive. L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), Mrs. Carteret Receives and Other Stories; The Harness Room. James Leo Herlihy (1927-93), The Season of the Witch; teenie Gloria Glyczwych of Mich. runs away to New York City with her gay friend John McFadden in fall 1969, and experience the late 1960s free lifestyle. S.E. Hinton (1950-), That Was Then, This Is Now; Mark and Byron deal with street fighting and girls. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Walking Papers (first novel); the gruelling breakup of a marriage; The Magic Convention. P.D. James (1920-), Shroud for a Nightingale; Adam Dalgliesh #4. B.S. Johnson (1933-73), Christie Malry's Own Double-Entry; a bank bookkeeper gets revenge against society; House Mother Normal: A Geriatric Comedy; total chronological arrangement intertwining the characters' thoughts sentence by sentence about a social evening at an old folks home, where they play a game of Pass the Parcel with a package of dogshit. James Jones (1921-77), The Merry Month of May; an Am. family experiences the 1968 Paris riots. Madison Jones (1925-), A Cry of Absence; a 1957 Tenn. town awakening to racial liberation. Ismail Kadare (1936-), Chronicle in Stone; Xivo Gavo of the stone city of Gjirokaster. Thomas Keneally (1935-), A Dutiful Daughter. Jack Kerouac (1922-69), Pic (posth.); a black musician travels from the Am. South to Harlem. John Oliver Killens (1916-87), The Cotillion, or One Good Bull is Half the Herd; Yoruba of Harlem attends an African-Am. high society cotillion in Queens. Pavel Kohout (1928-), The Case of Adam Juracek. Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), Being There; simple-minded gardener Chance assumes the persona of anybody he sees on TV, ending up being taken as a sage and put into the White House by the corporations; filmed in 1979 starring Peter Sellers. Richard Kostelanetz (1940-), In the Beginning; the alphabet as a novel? Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), The Abduction. Pascal Laine (1942-), L'Irrevolution (Nonrevolution). Gavin Lambert (1924-2005), The Goodbye People; the sad beautiful people of Hollyweird. Emma Lathen, Ashes to Ashes; John Putnam Thatcher #12; The Longer the Thread; John Putnam Thatcher #13. Jacques Laurent (1919-2000), The Stupidities of Cambrai (Les Betises de Cambrai); the name of a French candy? Doris Lessing (1919-2013), Briefing for a Descent into Hell (posth.). Herbert Lom (1917-), Enter a Spy: The Double Life of Christopher Marlowe. Robert Ludlum (1927-2001), The Scarlatti Inheritance (first novel); Elizabeth Scarlatti tries to stop her son Ulster from using his inheritance to fund the neo-Nazis. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), Message from Malaga; Ian Ferrier. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Bear Island. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), The Honeymoon; A Story Without a Beginning or an Ending. Bernard Malamud (1914-86), The Tenants; Jewish writer Harry Lesser and black writer Willie Spearmint battle each other in a condemned East Side New York apt. bldg. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Brimstone Club. Ana Maria Matute (1926-), Watch Tower (Torre Vigia); 10th cent. novel. Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), The Trial of Christopher Okogbo (first novel). Ed McBain (Evan Hunter) (1926-2005), Hail, Hail the Gang's All Here; 87th Precinct #25. Mary McCarthy (1912-89), Birds of America; a mother's strained relationship with her son during the 1968 Paris Rev. Carson McCullers (1917-67), The Mortgaged Heart (posth.); ed. by her sister Rita. Thomas McGuane (1939-), The Bushwacked Piano; young Nicholas Payne breaks from his conventional lifestyle. Shepherd Mead (1914-94), How to Stay Medium-Young Practically Forever Without Really Trying. James A. Michener (1907-97), The Drifters. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Brazen Prison. Henri de Montherlant (1896-1972), A Murderer is My Master (Un Assassin est Mon Maitre). Brian Moore (1921-99), The Revolution Script. Alberto Moravia (1907-90), He and I (Io e Lui). Wright Morris (1910-98), Fire Sermon; a hippie couple, and old man, and a boy. Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Natalie Natalia. Patricia Moyes (1923-), Who Saw Her Die? (Many Deadly Returns. V.S. Naipaul (1932-2018), In a Free State (short stories). Robert Nathan (1894-1985), The Elixir. John Neufeld, Sleep, Two, Three, Four; breaks the taboo about cursing and sexual awakening talk in juvie novels? Charles Newman (1939-2006), The Promisekeeper: A Tephramancy. Ruth Nichols (1948-), Ceremony of Innocence. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Wonderland. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Zee & Co.. Flannery O'Connor (1925-64), The Complete Stories (posth.). Aldo Palazzeschi (1885-1974), Storia di Un'Amicizia. Walker Percy (1916-90), Love in the Ruins: The Adventures of a Bad Catholic at a Time Near the End of the World; scientist Dr. Thomas More in Paradise Estates in a hedonistic "time near the end of the world" "at the end of the Auto age" (1991?), where Jesus Christ is "the greatest pro of them all"? Ann Petry (1908-97), Miss Muriel and Other Stories; "casts all types, but does no type-casting" (Christian Science Monitor). Robert Pinget (1919-97), Identite; Abel et Bela; Fable. Sylvia Plath (1932-63), The Bell Jar (first novel) (posth.); the autiobiographical story of a young woman's mental breakdown and suicide attempt, written by a guess what? Frederik Pohl (1919-) and Jack Williamson (1908-2006), Farthest Star; #1 of 2 in the Saga of Cuckoo, about the planet Cuckoo, which is heading toward our galaxy (next 1983). Wall Around a Star (1983), Anthony Powell (1905-2000), Books Do Furnish a Room; #10 in "A Dance to the Music". Terry Pratchett (1948-), The Carpet People (first novel). V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), Midnight Oil (short stories). Jean Raspail (1925-), Jonathan's Drum. John Rechy (1934-), The Vampires. Mordecai Richler (1931-2001), St. Urbain's Horseman; rich London TV dir. Jake Hersh is a Canadian Alexander Portnoy? Angelo Rinaldi (1940-), The House of the Atlantes (La Maison des Atlantes). Tomas Rivera (1935-84), This Migrant Earth (And the Earth Did Not Part) (Y No Se lo Trago la Tierra); about U.S. Chicano migrant workers. Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008), Projet d'une Revolution a New York. Tom Robbins (1932-), Another Roadside Attraction (first novel); the mummified body of Christ draws visitors to John Paul's and Amanda Ziller's Captain Kendrick's Memorial Hot Dog Wildlife Preserve outside Seattle in Skagit County, Wash.; becomes a cult classic. Sinclair Ross (1908-96), Whir of Gold. Philip Roth (1933-2018), Our Gang (Starring Tricky and His Friends); pres. Trick E. Dixon, vice-pres. What's-His-Name, defense secy. Lard. Edmonde Charles-Roux (1920-), Elle, Adrienne. William Sansom (1912-76), Hans Feet in Love. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Pleasures of Helen. Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), The Book of Recollections of Things (Libro de las Memorias de las Cosas). Antonio Jose Saraiva, The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians, 1536-1765 (Inquisicao e Cristaos novos). Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Deste Mundo e do Outro. Paul Mark Scott (1920-78), The Towers of Silence; #3 in the Raj Quartet. Hubert Selby Jr. (1928-2004), The Room; a criminal in solitary confinement; "The most disturbing book ever written" (Selby). Ramon Sender (1934-), A Gracious Henchman. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Travels in Nihilon. Robert Silverberg (1935-), The World Inside; A Time of Changes; Son of Man. Claude Simon (1913-2005), Les Corps Conducteurs (Conducting Bodies). Konstantin Simonov (1915-79), The Last Summer. Lee Smith (1944-), Something in the Wind. Vern Sneider (1916-81), West of the North Star. Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), August 1914; English trans. pub. in the U.S. in 1972; how the big D in the 1914 Battle of Tannenburg caused Russia to go into the downhill slide towards Communism, from the POV of Col. Vorotyntsev. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Imaginative Qualities of Actual Things. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), Not to Disturb. Mickey Spillane (1918-2006), The Erection Set. Wallace Stegner (1909-93), Angle of Repose (Pulitzer Prize); his masterpiece?; based on the letters of Western novelist Mary Hallock Foote (1847-1938). Irving Stone (1903-89), Passions of the Mind: A Novel of Sigmund Freud. Jonathan Strong (1944-), Ourselves. Rosemary Sutcliff (1920-92), Tristan and Iseult; a retelling of the Arthurian story. Gay Talese (1932-), Honor Thy Father; bestseller (300K copies) non-fiction novel about Mafia kingpin Salvatore "Bill" Bonanno (1932-2008), who retired with his daddy Joe Bananas Bonanno (1905-2002) to Ariz. in 1968. Elizabeth Taylor (1912-75), Mrs. Palfrey at the Claremont. Mikis Theodorakis (1925-), The Diary of Resistance. Paul Theroux (1941-), Jungle Covers. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), Logan Stone (first novel). Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Wives: An Investigation. Thomas Tryon (1926-91), The Other (first novel); bestseller by actor-turned-novelist about two haunted New England identical twin brothers in 1935; filmed in 1972 by Robert Mulligan. John Updike (1932-2009), Rabbit Redux; Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom #2. John B. Wain (1925-94), The Life Guard (short stories). Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), The New Centurions (first novel). Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Meet Me in the Green Glen; a Sicilian man has an affair with a Tenn. farm wife. Fay Weldon (1931-), Down Among the Women. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Ravishing of Lady Mary Ware; The Devil and All His Works. P.G. Wodehouse (1881-1975), Much Obliged, Jeeves (Oct. 15) (his 90th birthday); Hon. Bertie hears that Jeeves was called Reggie at the Junior Ganymede. Herman Wouk (1915-), The Winds of War; vol. 2 of a 2-vol. series about Victor "Pug" Henry of the U.S. Navy and his family during WWII; "the American War and Peace"; followed in 1978 by "War and Remembrance". Richard Wright (1908-60), The Weekend Man (first novel) (posth.). Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), The Man from Dahomey (The Dahomean). Roger Zelazny (1937-95), Jack of Shadows; about a world that is tidally locked, where science rules on the dayside and magic on the nightside. Births: Am. "Paul in The Comeback Kid" actor Jeremy Licht on Jan. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Kyle McCarty in Judging Amy" actor Kevin Rahm in Mineral Wells, Tex. on Jan. 7. Am. baseball 1B player (Oakland Athletics, 1995-2001) (New York Yankees, 2002-8) Jason Albert Giambi on Jan. 8 in West Covina, Calif.; educated at Long Beach State U. Am. "What's the 411?" singer ("Queen of Hip Hop Soul") (black) Mary Jane Blige on Jan. 11 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. "Jerry Maguire" actress (black) Regina King on Jan. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Born on the Fourth of July" actor Joshua "Josh" Evans on Jan. 16 in New York City; son of Robert Evans (1930-2019) and Ali MacGraw (1939-). Am. rapper-crunkster-producer (black) Lil Jon (Jonathan Mortimer Smith) on Jan. 17 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. "Bawitdaba", "Cowboy", "Only God Knows Why" rapper-singer-songwriter (white) Kid Rock (Robert James Ritchie) on Jan. 17 in Romeo, Mich.; begins at age 11 with the Furious Funkers. Am. rocker Jonathan Houseman "JD" "JDevil" Davis (Korn) on Oct. 18 in Bakersfield, Calif. Am. actor-comedian (black) Shawn Mathis Wayans on Jan. 19 in New York City; brother of Keenen Ivory Wayans (1958-), Damon Wayans (1960-), Kim Wayans (1961-), and Marlon Wayans (1972-); Jehovah's Witness parents. Am. heavy metal singer (black) Derrick Leon Green (Sepultura) on Jan. 20 in Cleveland, Ohio. Am. R&B singer (black) Marc K. Nelson on Jan. 23 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. actress Merrilee McCommas on Jan. 24 in Tex. Am. actress China Wing Kantner on Jan. 25 in San Francisco, Calif.; daughter of Grace Slick (1939-) and Paul Kantner (1941-); she was originally named "God"? Am. "David Fisher in Six Feet Under" actor Michael Carlyle Hall on Feb. 1 in Raleigh, N.C.; educated at Earlham College, and NYU. Am. porno actress-dir.-producer (bi) Jill Kelly on Feb. 1 in Pomona, Calif. Am. rock drummer Ronald "Ron" Welty (The Offspring) on Feb. 1 in Long Beach, Calif. Am. rock musician Ben Mize (Counting Crows) on Feb. 2. Am. "The Winner" comedian ("a common Masshole"?) Robert William "Rob" Corddry on Feb. 4 in Weymouth, Mass. Am. Los Angeles, Calif. mayor #42 (2013-) (Jewish) (first elected Jewish) (2nd Mexican-Am.) (youngest until ?) Eric Michael Garcetti on Feb. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif.; grows up in Encino, Calif.; Russian Jewish immigrant maternal grandparents; educated at Columbia U., Queen's College, Oxford U. (Rhodes Scholar), and London School of Economics. Am. "Real Fine Place", "Three Chords and the Truth" country singer-songwriter Sara Lynn Evans on Feb. 5 in Boonville, Mo.; raised in New Franklin, Mo. English "Harper Regan", "Motortown" playwright Simon Stephens on Feb. 6 in Stockport, Greater Manchester; educated at the U. of York. Am. actress (black) Kathryne Dora Brown on Feb. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Tyne Daly (1946-) and Georg Stanford Brown (1943-). English "Nicholas Brody in Homeland" actor Damian Watcyn Lewis on Feb. 11 in Tufnell Park, St. John's Wood, London; educated at Eton College. Am. "Adventures of Johnny Tao" actor Scott Levy on Feb. 13 in Westwood, N.J.; not to be confused with wrestler Scott Levy (1964-). Romanian 7'7" basketball center (Washington Bullets, 1991-2006) Gheorghe Dumitru "George" "Ghita" "Gidza" "My Giant" Muresan on Feb. 14 in Triteni de Jos, Cluj County; educated at Cluj U. Am. "Gabrielle in Xena: Warrior Princess" actress (not bi?) Evelyn Renee O'Connor on Feb. 15 in Katy, Tex.; stars in a McDonald's commercial at age 16. English "EastEnders" actress Amanda Louise Holden on Feb. 16 in Bishop's Waltham, Hampshire. Am. chef Scott Conant on Feb. 19 in Waterbury, Conn.; descendant of Salem, Mass. founder Roger Conant (1592-1679). Am. heavy metal musician David Randall "Randy" Pierre Blythe (Lamb of God) on Feb. 21 in Richmond, Va. Am. "Gone Girl" novelist Gillian Flynn on Feb. 24 in Kansas City, Mo.; educated at the U. of Kansas, and Northwestern U. Am. actor Sean Patrick Astin (Duke) on Feb. 25 in Santa Monica, Calif.; son of Patty Duke and Michael Tell; brother of Mackenzie Astin (1973-). Canadian "Bad Day" singer Daniel Powter on Feb. 25 in Vernon, B.C. Am. "On & On" R&B singer-actress (black) ("First Lady of Neo-Soul") Erykah Badu (Erica Abi Wright nee Johnson) (Soulquarians) on Feb. 26 in South Dallas, Tex.; known for her large colorful headwraps; educated at Grambling State U. Swedish music producer Max Martin (Martin Karl Sandberg) on Feb. 26 in Stockholm. Am. R&B singer (black) Chilli (Rozonda Ocelean Thomas) (TLC) on Feb. 27 on Atlanta, Ga.; East Indian-Arab father, black-Am. Indian mother. Am. "The Brothers McMullen" actress Maxine Bahns on Feb. 28 in Stowe, Vt. Am. "Don Draper in Mad Men" actor John Hamm on Mar. 1 in St. Louis, Mo. Am. serial murderer Todd Christopher Kohlhepp on Mar. 7 in Fla.; grows up in S.C. and Ga. Am. "Charles Chuck Lane in Shattered Glass", "Carson in Flightplan" actor (Roman Catholic) John Peter Sarsgaard on Mar. 7 in Scott AFB, Belleville, Ill.; husband (2009-) of Maggie Gyllenhaal (1977-); educated at Washington U. in St. Louis. English "Evelyn Evie Carnahan-O'Connell in The Mummy", "Tania Chernova in Enemy at the Gates, "Tessa Quayle in The Constant Gardener" actress (Jewish) Rachel Hannah Weisz (pr. VICE) on Mar. 7 in London; Hungarian Jewish father, Austrian Jewish mother; educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge U.; wife (2011-) of Daniel Craig (1968-). Am. 4'3" "Webster" actor (black) Emmanuel Lewis on Mar. 9 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "Don Draper in Mad Men" actor Jonathan Daniel "Jon" Hamm on Mar. 10 in St. Louis, Mo. Am. "I Let Her Lie", "Amen Kind of Love" country singer Daryle Bruce Singletary on Mar. 10 in Cairo, Ga. Am. rapper-songwriter-producer (black) Timbaland (Timothy Zachery Mosley) on Mar. 10 in Norfolk, Va. Am. "Jackass" actor Johnny Knoxville (Philip John Clapp) on Mar. 11 in Knoxville, Tenn. Czech 6'1" hockey player Martin Rucinsky on Mar. 11 in Most. Am. "James Hobert in Spin City" actor Alexander Chaplin (Gaberman) on Mar. 20. Am. novelist-journalist (black) Toure (Touré) on Mar. 20. English rock drummer Steven James "Steve" Hewitt (Placebo, Boo Radleys) on Mar. 22 in Northwich, Cheshire. Am. chef Chris Santos on Mar. 26 in Fall River, Mass.; Portuguese descent father, Irish descent mother. Am. 6'0" basketball player (black) (lesbian?) (Houston Comets, 1997-2007) ("the female Michael Jordan") Sheryl Denise Swoopes on Mar. 25 in Brownfield, Tex.; ;educated at Texas Tech U.; first player signed by the WNBA. Canadian "Capt. Malcolm Reynolds in Firefly", "Richard Castle in Castle" actor Nathan Christopher Fillion on Mar. 27 in Edmonton, Alberta. Am. rapper (black) Mr. Cheeks (Terrance Kelly) (Andrew Benson) (Lost Boyz) on Mar. 28 in Jamaica, Queens, N.Y. British Conservative politician (Muslim) Sayeeda Hussain Warsi, Baroness Warsi on Mar. 28 in Dewbury, Yorkshire; Pakistani immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Leeds; created baroness on Oct. 15, 2007; first female British minister (2012-14). South African TV journalist Lara Logan on Mar. 29 in Durban. Am. "All My Children" "Andy Guzman in Alpha House" actor Mark Andrew Consuelo on Mar. 30 in Zaragoza, Spain; Mexican father, Italian mother; husband (1996-) of Kelly Ripa (1970-); grows up in Lebanon, Ill.; educated at the U. of South Fla. Scottish "young Obi-Wan Kenobi in Star Wars", "Mark Renton in Trainspotting" actor Ewan (Gael. "born from the yew tree") Gordon McGregor on Mar. 31 in Perth; grows up in Crieff. Am. hip hop artist-producer-actor (black) Method Man (Clifford Smith) (Method Man & Redman) on Apr. 1 in Hempstead, N.Y. French "Le Diable Detacheur" philosopher-novelist Gwenaelle (Gwenaëlle) Aubry on Apr. 2 in ?; educated at Ecole Normale Superieure, and Trinity College, Cambridge U. Norwegian Miss Universe (1990) (redhead) ("the Beauty Queen from Hell") Mona Grudt on Apr. 6 in Hell, Stjordal. Canadian auto racer Jacques Joseph Charles Villenueve on Apr. 9; son of Gilles Villenueve. German rock bassist Oliver "Ollie" Riedel (Rammstein) on Apr. 11. Am. "Xander Harris in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actor Nicholas "Nick" Brendon Schultz on Apr. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Brenda Walsh in Beverly Hills, 90210", "Prue Halliwell in Charmed" actress-dir. Shannen Doherty on Apr. 12 in Memphis, Tenn. Am. "Forrest MacNeil in Review", "Carmax spokesman" Andrew "Andy" Daly on Apr. 15 in Mount Kisco, N.Y.; educated at Ithaca College. Am. "Ralphie in A Christmas Story", "Messy Marvin in Hershey's Chocolate Syrup commercials" actor Peter Billingsley (Billingsley-Michaelsen) on Apr. 16 in New York City; cousin of Barbara Billingsley (1915-2010). Israeli ambassador to the U.S. #18 (2013-21) Ronald "Ron" Dermer on Apr. 16 in Miami Beach, Fla.; educated at Wharton School, and Oxford U. Am. singer (Jehovah's Witness) Selena (Selena Quintanilla Perez) (Quintanilla-Pérez) (d. 1995) on Apr. 16 in Lake Jackson, Tex. Am. CNN journalist Abilio James "Jim" Acosta on Apr. 17; Cuban immigrant father, Irish-Czech descent mother; educated at James Madison U. Lebanese PM #33 (2009-11, 2016) (billionaire) Saad Rafaq Hariri (Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri) on Apr. 18 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2nd son of Rafiq Hariri (1944-2005); educated at Georgetown U. French chef Ludovic "Ludo" Lefebvre on Apr. 18 in Burgundy. Am. rock bassist-artist Michael Edward "Mikey" Welsh (d. 2011) (Weezer) on Apr. 20 in Syracuse, N.Y.; suffers a mental breakdown in Aug. 2001, switching from music to art. English soccer player David White on Apr. 20 in Greenwich. Am. Muslim al-Qaida terrorist (Sunni Muslim) Anwar al-Awlaki (al-Aulaqi) (al-Awlaqi) (d. 2011) on Apr. 22 in Las Cruces, N.M.; Yemeni diplomat father; educated at Colo. State U., San Diego State U., and George Washington U.; first U.S. citizen placed on the CIA target list (Apr. 2010). Am. country musician Stanley Wayne "Jay" DeMarcus Jr. (Rascal Flatts) on Apr. 26 in Columbus, Ohio. Mexican singer ("El Potrillo") ("The Little Colt") Alejandro Fernandez on Apr. 24 in Guadalajara; son of Vicente Fernandez (1940-). English musician Darren Emerson (Underworld) on Apr. 30 in Hornchurch. Am. Roc-A-Fella records exec (black) Damon "Dame" Dash on May 3 in New York City. Am. rock musician Christopher Aubrey "Chris" Shiflett (Foo Fighters) on May 6. Swedish-Am. musician (black) Eagle Eye Lanoo Cherry on May 7 in Stockholm, Sweden; son of Don Cherry (1936-95); brother of Neneh Cherry (1964-). French economist Thomas Piketty on May 7 in Clichy. Israeli politician-diplomat (Jewish) Danny Danon on May 8 in Ramat Gan; educated at Fla. Internat. U., and Hebrew U. of Jerusalem. English rock bassist Paul "Guigsy" McGuigan (Oasis) on May 9 in Manchester. South Korean fallen heir Kim Jong-nam (d. 2017) on May 10 in Pyongyang; eldest son of Kim Il-sung and Song Hye-rim; older paternal half-brother of Kim Jong-Un (1984-). Am. "Flava in Ya Ear" rapper (black) Craig Mack on May 10 in Trenton, N.J. Am. writer-dir. Sofia Carmina Coppola on May 14 in New York City; daughter of dir. Francis Ford Coppola (1939-); niece of Talia Shire; cousin of Nicolas Cage; wife (1999-2003) of Spike Jonze (1969-). Am. "Angel, "Seeley Booth in Bones" actor David Paul Boreanaz on May 16 in Buffalo, N.Y.; of Italian descent. Am. "Little Drops of My Heart" country singer Keith Gattis on May 26 in Georgetown, Tex. Am. "South Park" co-creator Matthew Richard "Matt" Stone on May 26 in Houston, Tex.; educated at the U. of Colo. Boulder; collaborator of Trey Parker (1969-). English "Silas the Evil Albino in the Da Vinci Code" actor Paul Bettany on May 27 in Harlesden, London. Russian figure skater Ekaterina Alexandrovna Gordeeva on May 28 in Moscow; partner of Sergei Grinkov (1967-95). Am. Repub. politician (Roman Catholic) Marco Rubio on May 28 in Miami, Fla.; of Cuban descent; educated at the U. of Fla. and U. of Miami. Am. rock bassist Patrick Michael Dahlheimer (Live) on May 30 in New York City. Am. "Maureeen Johnson in Rent" actress-singer (Jewish) Idina Kim Menzel (Mentzel) on May 30 in Syosett, N.Y. Am. comedian Joy Koy (nee Joseph Glenn Herbert Sr.) on June 2 in Tacoma, Wash.; white father, Filipino mother; educated at UNLV. Am. "Ensign Travis Mayweather in Star Trek: Enterprise" (black) Anthony T. Montgomery on June 2 in Indianapolis, Ind. Am. singers Ariel Hernandez and Gabriel Hernandez (No Mercy) on June 3. Dem. Repub. of Congo (DRC) pres. (2001-) (black) Joseph Kabile Kabange on June 4 in Fizi; son of Laurent-Desire Kabila (1939-2001). Am. "Dr. John Carter in ER", "Steve Jobs in Pirates of Silicon Valley" actor Noah Strausser Speer Wyle on June 4 in Hollywood, Calif.; Episcopalian mother, Russian Jewish descent father; educated at Northwestern U. Am. actor-musician-model (high school dropout) Mark Robert Michael "Marky Mark" Wahlberg (Funky Bunch) on June 5 in Dorchester, Boston, Mass.; youngest of nine children; called "Monkey" as a boy for carrying a stuffed toy around until age 8, when his dad begins calling him Mike; serves 45 days of a 2-year sentence for assault at age 17. Am. football coach (New Orleans Saints, 2009-13, 2016-) Joseph Philip "Joe" Lombardi on June 6 in Seattle, Wash.; educated at the USAF Academy. grandson of Vince Lombardi (1913-70). Am. R&B singer (black) Joel "JoJo" Hailey on June 10 in Charlotte, N.C.; sister of K-Ci Hailey (1969-). Am. 6'7" basketball player (black) (San Antonio Spurs #12, 2001-9) Bruce E. Bowen Jr. on June 14 in Merced, Calif.; educated at Cal State Fullerton U. Am. "Natalie Teeger in Monk" actress Traylor Howard on June 14 in Orlando, Fla. Canadian musician Bif Naked (Beth Torbert) on June 15 in New Delhi, India; grows up in Lexington, Ky., The Pas, Man., Canada, Dauphin, Man., Canada, and Winnipeg, Man. Am. rapper (black) Tupac (2Pac) (Amaru) Shakur (Lesane Parish Crooks) (d. 1996) on June 16 in East Harlem, N.Y.; named after Peruvian king Tupac Amaru II. Am. "Break Through" environmentalist (Mennonite) Michael Shellenberger on June 16; grows up in Greeley, Colo.; educated at Earlham College, and UC Santa Cruz. Mexican "Don't Say Goodbye", "The Golden Girl" singer-actress ("Queen of Latin Pop") Paulina Rubio Dosamantes on June 17 in Mexico City. Am. "Glory Road" actor Josh Lucas on June 20 in Little Rock, Ark. Am. "Chloe Brian in 24" actress Mary Lynn (Marylynn) Rajskub (pr. RICE-cub) on June 22 in Trenton, Mich.; of Irish and Czech descent. Am. 6'2" football QB (St. Louis Rams #13, 1998-2003) (Arizona Cardinals #13, 2005-9) Kurtis Eugene "Kurt" Warner on June 22 in Burlington, Iowa; educated at Northern Iowa College. Am. "Angela Martin in The Office" actress Angela Kinsey on June 25 in Lafayette, La.; grows up in Indonesia; educated at Baylor U. Am. "Miguel Cadena in Kingpin", "Gabriel Williams in Thief" actor Yancey Arias on June 27 in New York City; of Colombian and Puerto Rican descent. Am. rock musician Jason Cropper (Weezer) on June 27 in Oakland, Calif. Nepalese king (2001) Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah (d. 2001) on June 27 in Kathmandu; son of Birendera Bir Bikram Shah Dev and Aishwarya Rayja Laxmi Devi Shah. English rock drummer Anthony "Tony" McCarroll (Oasis) on June 27 in Levenshulme, Manchester. Canadian-Am. billionaire business magnate (PayPal co-founder, SpaceX founder, Tesla co-founder) Elon Reeve Musk on June 28 in Pretoria, South Africa; South African father, Canadian mother; educated at Queen's U., Kingston, Ont., U. pf Penn., Wharton School, and Stanford U. Australian 5'8" golfer Mark Adam Hensby on June 29 in Melbourne, Victoria; grows up in Tamworth, N.S.W. Am. "Lori Colson in Boston Legal" actress Monica Potter on June 30 in Cleveland, Ohio. Am. "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)" rapper-songwriter-producer (black) Melissa Arnette "Missy Misdemeanor" Elliott on July 1 in Portsmouth, Va.; top-selling rapper of all time (30M+ copies). Australian computer programmer (WikiLeaks founder) Julian Paul Assange (AKA Mendaz) on July 3 in Townsville, Queensland; educated at Central Queensland U., and U. of Melbourne. Canadian rock musician Andrw Burnett "Andy" Creeggan (Barenaked Ladies) on July 4 in Scarborough, Ont.; brother of Jim Creeggan (1970-). Am. Netscape founder Marc Andreessen on July 9 in Cedar Falls, Iowa; educated at the U. of Ill. Am. "Lex Luthor in Smallville" actor (Jewish) Michael Owen Rosenbaum on July 11 in Oceanside, N.Y. British financier (Jewish) (scion of the Rothschild Family) Nathaniel Philip Victor James "Nat" Rothschild on July 12; son of Jacob Rothschild, 4th baron Rothschild (1936-) and Serena Mary Dunn; educated at Eton College, and Wadham College, Oxford U.; inherits the family fortune of Ł40B, disguised to look like Ł500M? Am. Olympic figure skater Kristine Tsuya "Kristi" Yamaguchi on July 12 in Hayward, Calif; born with club feet. English rock guitarist Nicholas Jonathon "Nick" McCabe (The Verve) on July 14 in St. Helens, Lancashire. Am. "The Goonies", "Stand By Me", "The Lost Boys" actor (Jewish) Corey Scott Feldman on July 16 in Chatsworth, Calif.; rock producer father, Playboy Bunny mother; appears in a McDonald's commercial at age 3; collaborator of Corey Haim (1971-2010). Am. rock singer Edward Joel "Ed" Kowalczyk (Live) on July 16 in York, Penn. Canadian "Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom" sci-fi writer (Jewish) Cory Efram Doctorow on July 17 in Toronto, Ont. Am. 6'7" basketball player (black) (Orlando Magic #1, 1993-9) (Phoenix Suns #1, 1999-2004) (New York Knicks #1, 2004-6) Anfernee Deon "Penny" Hardaway on July 18 in Memphis, Tenn.; educated at Memphis State U.; nickname comes from the way his grandmother pronounces "pretty". Am. TV journalist Edward "Ed" Henry on July 20 in Queens, N.Y.; educated at Siena College. Canadian-Am. "Cristina Yang in Grey's Anatomy", "Eve Polastri in Killing Eve" actress Sandra Miju Oh on July 20 in Napean, Ont., Canada. Am. soccer player Kristine Marie Lilly on July 22 in New York City. Am. R&B singer (black) Dalvin Ertimus DeGrate (Jodeci) on July 23 in Hampton, Va.; brother of DeVante Swing (1969-). Am. rock drummer Chad Gracey (Live) on July 23 in York, Penn. Am. "Simple Love" bluegrass-country singer-fiddler Alison Maria Kraus (Union Station) on July 23 in Decatur, Ill. Am. "The Bachelor", "The Bachelorette" TV host Christopher Bryan "Chris" Harrison on July 26 in Dallas, Tex.; educated at Okla. City U. Iraqi emir #1 of the Islamic State (2010-) (Sunni Muslim) Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Ibrahim Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai on July 28 near Samarra. Am. hip-hop artist (black) Deidre "DJ Spinderella" Muriel Roper (Salt-N-Pepa) on Aug. 3 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. auto racer Jeffery Michael "Jeff" Gordon on Aug. 4 in Vallejo, Calif. Canadian Liberal politician ("Climate Barbie")Catherine Mary McKenna on Aug. 5 in Hamilton, Ont.; educated at the U. of Toronto, London School of Economics, and McGill U. Am. "Megan Wheeler in Pale Rider" actress Sydney Margaret Penny on Aug. 7 in Nashville, Tex..; daughter of Hank Penny (1918-92); grows up in Chatsworth, Calif. Italian "Melissa", "A Bigger Splash" dir. Luca Guadagnino on Aug. 10 in Palermo; Sicilian father, Algeian mother; grows up in Ethiopia; educated at the U. of Palermo, and Sapienza U. of Rome. Am. "Ed" actor-comedian-screenwriter (Jewish) Michael Ian Black (Schwartz) on Aug. 12 in Chicago, Ill. Am. tennis champ (14 Grand Slam titles) Petros "Pete" Sampras on Aug. 12 in Washington, D.C. Dominican tennis player Mary Jo Fernandez on Aug. 19. Am. "Short Round in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom" actor Ke Huy Quan (Jonathan Ke Quan) on Aug. 20 in Saigon, South Vietnam; of Chinese descent. English "Thorin Oakenshield in The Hobbit" actor Richard Crispin Armitage on Aug. 22 in Huncote, Leicestershire. Mexican "Queen of the Telenovelas" singer-actress Thalia (Ariadna Thalia Sodi Miranda) on Aug. 26 in Mexico City; wife (2000-) of Tommy Mottola (1949-); sells 50M+ records worldwide. Am. Olympic swimmer Janet Elizabeth Evans on Aug. 28 in Placentia, Calif. Am. "Ingrid Cortez in Spy Kids", "Karen Sisco", "Cicero in Faster" actress Carla Gugino on Aug. 29 in Sarasota, Fla. Am. "Carlos Solis in Desperate Housewives" actor Ricardo Antonio Chavira on Sept. 1 in Austin, Tex. Am. Sonic Drive-Ins commercials Two Guys actor Thomas James "T.J." Jagodowski on Sept. 2 in Holyoke, Mass.; educated at Syracuse U. Am. rock drummer Mike Wengren (Disturbed) on Sept. 3 in Evergreen Park, Ill. Irish singer "Zombies" Dolores Mary Eileen O'Riordan (d. 2018) (The Cranberries) on Sept. 6 in Limerick; likes to perform barefoot. Am. "Take My Life (Holiness)" gospel singer-songwriter (black) Micah Keith Stampley on Sept. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Scream" actor-dir.-producer-writer David James Arquette on Sept. 8 in Bentonville, Va.; Muslim-to-Roman Catholic-convert father, Polish Jewish descent mother; paternal grandson of Cliff Arquette; brother of Rosanna Arquette, Richmond Arquette, Patricia Arquette, and Alexis Arquette; husband (1999-2013) of Courtney Cox (1964-), and (2015-) Christina McLarty. Am. "Elliott in E.T." actor Henry Jackson Thomas Jr. on Sept. 9 in San Antonio, Tex. English "Bitter Sweet Symphony", "The Drugs Don't Work" rock singer-songwriter Richard Paul Ashcroft (The Verve) (RPA & The United Nations of Sound) on Sept. 11 in Wigan, Lancashire; educated at Winstanley College. Am. Daily Kos blogger Markos Moulitsos Zuniga on Sept. 11 in Chicago, Ill.; Greek father, Salvadoran mother; educated at Northern Ill. U. Am. "My Own Worst Enemy" rock musician Jeremy Popoff (Lit) on Sept. 11. English fashion designer (vegetarian) Stella Nina McCartney on Sept. 13 in London; daughter of Paul McCartney (1942-) and Linda McCartney (1941-98); sister of Mary McCartney (1969-) and James McCartney (1977-); half-sister of Heather McCartney (1962-); her birth by C-section causes daddy to pray that she be born "on the wings of an angel", giving birth to his group Wings; educated at Bexhill College. Am. "Annie Banks in Father of the Bride" actress Kimberly Williams-Paisley on Sept. 14 in Rye, N.Y.; wife (2003-) of Brad Paisley (1972-). Am. "Dead Poets Society" actor Josh Aaron Charles on Sept. 15 in Baltimore, Md. Am. "Mean Girls", "Baby Mama", "Poehlercoaster" comedian Amy Meredith Poehler on Sept. 16 in Burlington, Mass. Am. interior decorator (gay) Nate Berkus on Sept. 17 in S Calif.; grows up in Minneapolis, Minn. Am. bicyclist Lance Armstrong on Sept. 18 in Plano, Tex. Russian-Austrian soprano Anna Yuryevna Netrebko on Sept. 18 in Krasnodar. Am. "Lena James in A Different World", "Carla Purty in The Nutty Professor", "Niobe in The Maxtrix Reloaded" actress (black) (Scientologist?) Jada (Koren) Pinkett-Smith (nee Pinkett) on Sept. 18 in Baltimore, Md.; classmate of Tupac Shakur; wife (1997-) of Will Smith (1968-); mother of Jaden Smith (1998-) and Willow Smith (2000-). Am. "Donna Tubbs in The Cleveland Show" actress (black) Sanaa (Arab. "piece of art") McCoy Lathan on Sept. 19 in New York City; educated at UCB, and Yale U. British environmental activist Bryony Katherine Worthington, Baroness Worthington on Sept. 19 in Wales; educated at Queens' College, Cambridge U.; created baroness in 2011. Am. actor Luke Wilson on Sept. 21 in Dallas, Tex.; brother of actors Owen Wilson (1968-) and Andrew Wilson. Am. R&B singer (black) Big Rube (Society of Soul) on Sept. 22 in Atlanta, Ga. U.S. White House press secy. #30 (2017) Sean Michael Spicer on Sept. 23 in Barrington, R.I.; educated at Conn. College. Am. singer-musician Marty Cintron III (No Mercy) on Sept. 24 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. murderer Susan Leigh Smith (nee Vaughn) on Sept. 26 in Union, S.C. Am. "Big City Secrets" singer-songwriter Joseph Arthur (Fistful of Mercy, RNDM) on Sept. 28 in Akron, Ohio. Canadian "Shirley Pifko in Ed" actress Rachel Cronin on Sept. 29 in Vancouver. Am. "Dharma & Greg" actress (Scientologist) Jenna Elfman (Jennifer Mary Butala) on Sept. 30 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Avenue Q" playwright Jeffrey Daniel "Jeff" Whitty on Sept. 30 in Coos Bay, Ore; educated at NYU. Am. singer Tiffany (Tiffany Renee Darwish) on Oct. 2 in Norwalk, Calif.; Lebanese-Syrian father, Irish-Cherokee descent mother. Malaysian novelist Tash Aw (Aw Ta-Shi) on Oct. 4 in Taipei, Taiwan; grows up in Kuala Lumpur; educated at Cambridge U. English "Da Ali G Show", "Borat" actor-comedian-writer (Jewish) Sacha Noam Baron Cohen on Oct. 13 in Hammersmith, London.; educated at Christ's College, Cambridge U. Am. rapper-actor-producer (black) (Muslim) Snoop (Doggy) Dogg (Cordazar Calvin Broadus Jr.) on Oct. 20 in Long Beach, Calif. Am. 6'6" basketball shooting guard (black) (Los Angeles Lakers #6/#25, 1994-9) Eddie Charles Jones on Oct. 20 in Pompano Beach, Fla.; educated at Temple U. Australian "Love and Kisses", "This is It" singer Danielle Jane "Danii" Minogue on Oct. 20 in Melbourne. British celeb Jade Sheena Jezebel Jagger on Oct. 21 in Paris; daughter of Mick Jagger (1943-) and Bianca Jagger (1950-). Japanese violinist Midori (Jap. "green") Goto on Oct. 25 in Osaka. Am. "Darryl Philbin in The Office" actor Craig Philip Robinson on Oct. 25 in Chicago, Ill. Am. "Edward Scissorhands", "The Age of Innocence", "Josephine March in Little Women" actress (Jewish) (aquaphobic) Winona (Sioux "firstborn daughter") Ryder (Winona Laura Horowitz) on Oct. 29 in Winona, Minn.; Jewish Russian immigrant grandparents; godfather is Timothy Leary; middle name is after Aldous Huxley's wife Laura Huxley; grows up in a commune near Elk, Calif.; takes her stage name after singer Mitch Ryder (1945-). Am. rock singer-musician John Hampson (Nine Days) on Nov. 2. Irish "Black Books", "Run Fatboy Run" comedian-actor-writer Dylan Moran on Nov. 3 in Navan, County Meath. Am. "Jonas Quinn in Stargate SG-1" actor (Scientologist) Joseph Charles "Corin" "Corky" Nemec IV on Nov. 5 in Little Rock, Ark. English rock bassist Justin Gunnar Walter Chancellor (Tool) on Nov. 9; educated at Tonbridge School, and Durham U. Am. rapper (black) Big Pun (Punisher) (Christopher Lee Rios) (d. 2000) on Nov. 9 in South Bronx, N.Y.; of Puerto Rican descent; first Latino rapper with a platinum album; first solo rapper to sell 1M CDs. Am. "Billy Crash in Django Unchained" actor Walton Sanders Goggins Jr. on Nov. 10 in Birmingham, Ala.; educated at Ga. Southern U. Chinese dissident (blind) Chen Guangcheng on Nov. 12 in Dongshigu, Yinan County, Shangdong Province. Am. "Boxie in Battlestar Galactica", "Atreyu in The Neverending Story" actor Noah Leslie Hathaway on Nov. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Danny McCoy in Las Vegas", "Leo du Pres in All My Children" actor Joshua David "Josh" Duhamel (pr. duh-MEL) on Nov. 14 in Minot, N.D.; husband (2009-) of Fergie (1975-). Am. R&B singer-songwriter (black) Tony Rich (Antonio Jeffries Jr.) on Nov. 19 in Detroit, Mich. Am. 6'5" football defensive end (New York Giants #92, 1993-2007) (black) Michael Anthony Strahan on Nov. 21 in Houston, Tex.; educated at Tex. Southern U. Am. "Elle Greenaway in Criminal Minds" actress Lola Glaudini on Nov. 24 in New York City; daughter of playwright Robert Glaudini. Am. "Kelly Bundy in Married With Children", "Samantha Who?" actress Christina Applegate on Nov. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Robert Applegate and Nancy Priddy; debuts at age 5 mo. in a Playtex nursery commercial. Am. 6'3" football hall-of-fame guard (Dallas Cowboys #73, 1994-2005) (black) Larry Christopher Allen Jr. on Nov. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. 6'1" basketball player (black) (Los Angeles Lakers #9, 1993-8) (Denver Nuggets #31, 1998-2002) (Dallas Mavericks #31, 2002-3) (Golden State Warriors #37, 2003-4) (Portland Trail Blazers #19, 2004-5) (San Antonio Spurs #31, 2005-6) Nickey Maxwell "Nick the Quick" Van Exel on Nov. 27 in Kenosha, Wisc.; educated at the U. of Cincinnati. Am. Repub. gov. of S.D. #33 (2019-) Kristi Lynn Noem (nee Arnold) on Nov. 30 in Watertown, S.D.; educated at Northern State U. English "The Pink Panther", "Ashcliffe" actress Emily Mortimer on Dec. 1 in London; daughter of John Mortimer (1923-2009); educated at Lincoln College, Oxford U. Am. blues guitarist Steve Crenshaw (Steven Michael Hidalgo) on Dec. 5 in Burlingame, Calif. Indian economist Gita Gopinath on Dec. 8 in Kolkata; educated at the U. of Washington, and Princeton U. Am. bass singer (black) Michael Sean McCary (AKA Mike Bass) (Boyz II Men) on Dec. 16 in Philadelphia, Penn. Spanish tennis player Aranzazu (Aránzazu) "Arantxa" Isabel Maria Sanchez Vicario on Dec. 18 in Barcelona. Am. "Sandy in Melrose Place" actress Amy Rose Locane on Dec. 19 in Trenton, N.J. Am. rock musician Brett Allen Scallions (Fuel) on Dec. 21 in Brownsville, Tenn. Canadian "Lucas", "The Lost Boys" actor (Jewish) Corey Ian Haim (d. 2010) on Dec. 23 in Toronto, Ont.; collaborator of Corey Feldman (1971-). Puerto Rican "La Vida Loca", "She Bangs" singer (gay) (vegetarian) Ricky Martin (Enrique Jose Martin Morales) (Menudo) on Dec. 24 in San Juan. Canadian Liberal PM (2015-) (Roman Catholic) Justin Pierre James Trudeau on Dec. 25 in Ottawa, Ont.; eldest son of Pierre Trudeau (1919-2000) and Margaret Trudeau (1948-); educated at McGill U., and U. of B.C. Am. "Jordan Catalano in My So-Called Life", "The Joker in Suicide Squad" actor-musician Jared Joseph Leto (30 Seconds to Mars) on Dec. 26 in Bossier City, La. English rock guitarist Guthrie Govan (Asia, Young Punx, Erotic Cakes) on Dec. 27 in Chelmsford, Essex. Am. NBC-TV journalist Savannah Clark Guthrie (Guthrie-Feldman) on Dec. 28 in Melbourne, Australia; grows up in Tucson, Ariz.; educated at the U. of Ariz., and Georgetown U. Palestinian-Am. "One Country: A Bold Proposal" journalist (Muslim) Ali Hasan Abunimah on Dec. 29 in Washington, D.C.; Palestinian immigrant parents; educated at Princeton U. and the U. of Chicago. Am. "James Holt in The Devil Wears Prada" actor Daniel Sunjata Condon on Dec. 30 in Evanston, Ill. Am. 6'7" basketball player (white) (Los Angeles Clippers #31, 1995-8) Brent Robert Barry on Dec. 31 in Hempstead, N.Y.; educated at Oregon State U.; son of Rick Barry (1944-); brother of Scooter Barry (1966-), Jon Barry (1969-), and Drew Barry (1973-); stepson of Lynn Barry (1959-). Romanian hacker Guccifer (Marcel Lazar Lehel) on ? in Sambateni; half-Hungarian. French serial murderer Celine Lesage on ? in ?. Am. "The Sympathizer" novelist Viet Thanh Nguyen in Buon Me Thuot, South Vietnam; North Vietnamese immigrant parents; emigrates to the U.S. in 1974; educated at UCR, and UCLA. Am. chef Missy Robbins on ? in Washington, D.C. Ukrainian 8'5-1/2" world's tallest man Leonid Stadnik on ? in Podoliantsi, Ukraine; a brain operation at age 14 stimulates his pituitary gland, causing unstoppable growth; "My height is God's punishment; my life has no sense." British Muslim politician-activist Salma Yaqoob on ? in Bradford. Deaths: The year that Disney people and automotive and TV pioneers drop like flies? Russian prima ballerina assoluta #1 Matilda Kshesinskaya (b. 1872) on Dec. 16 in Paris (9 mo. short of her 100th birthday); old flame of Tsar Nicholas II; buried in St. Genevieve de Bois Cemetery, Paris. German-born Am. mayonnaise king Richard C. Hellmann (b. 187) on Feb. 2 in Greenwich, Conn. Am. economist Alvin Saunders Johnson (b. 1874) on June 7 in Upper Nyack, N.Y. Am. retail store king J.C. Penney (b. 1875) on Feb. 12 in New York City; leaves 1,660 stores with annual sales of $4B, #2 after Sears & Roebuck. Italian-born British bacterialist Sir Aldo Castellani (b. 1877) on Oct. 3. Am. silent film actor Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson (b. 1880) on Jan. 20 in South Pasadena, Calif. Am. historian Lawrence Henry Gipson (b. 1880) on Sept. 26 in Bethlehem, Penn. English jurist Geoffrey Lawrence, 3rd Baron Trevethin, 1st Baron Oaksey (b. 1880) on Aug. 28. German field marshal Wilhelm List (b. 1880) on Aug. 17 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany. Scottish nutritionist John Boyd Orr (b. 1880) on June 25; 1949 Nobel Peace Prize. Am. Paramount Pictures founder William Wadsworth Hodkinson (b. 1881) on June 2. Am. "Punch" ed. Edmund Valpy Knox (b. 1881) on Jan. 2. French writer Andre Billy (b. 1882) on Apr. 11 in Fontainebleau. Am. McCarthyist Senate staffer H. Ralph Burton (b. 1882) on Aug. 5. Am. scientist (discoverer of Vitamin E) Herbert McLean Evans (b. 1882) on Mar. 6. Puerto Rican activist Isabel Gonzalez (b. 1882) on June 11 in N.J. Am. artist-writer and liberal activist Rockwell Kent (b. 1882) on Mar. 13 in Plattsburgh, N.Y.: "The real art of living consists in keeping alive the conscience and sense of values we had when we were young." Italian tire manufacturer Alberto Pirelli (b. 1882) on Oct. 19 in Casciano. Russian-born composer Igor Stravinsky (b. 1882) on Apr. 6 in New York City; buried in Venice, Italy near the grave of Sergei Diaghilev. French poet-playwright Charles Vildrac (b. 1882) on June 25. English psychologist Sir Cyril Burt (b. 1883) on Oct. 10 in London (cancer); known for claiming that IQ is based on genetics more than environment. French fashion designer Coco Chanel (b. 1883) on Jan. 10 in Paris; she enjoyed being copied?; last words: "You see, this is how you die." Irish playwright-mgr. St. John Greer Ervine (b. 1883) on Jan. 24 in London. Am. silent film actress Maude Fealy (b. 1883) on Nov. 9 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Spanish violinist-composer Juan Manen (b. 1883) on June 26. U.S. Army Nurse Corps. superintendent Florence A. Blanchfield (b. 1884) on May 12; first woman to receive a commission in the regular Army. Scottish-born Am. vacuum cleaner inventor James B. Kirby (b. 1884) on June 9. Swedish chemist Theodor H.E. Svedberg (b. 1884) on Feb. 25 in Orebro; 1926 Nobel Chem. Prize. Italian Cardinal Antonio Bacci (b. 1885) on Jan. 20; highest ranking Latin scholar in the Roman Catholic Church. Am. "Smith and Dale" comedian Charlie Dale (b. 1885) on Nov. 16 in Englewood, N.J. Hungarian Marxist philosopher Gyorgy Lukacs (b. 1885) on June 4 in Budapest. English London Times owner (1922-66) John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever (b. 1886) on July 19 in Cannes, France. Am. "I AM" religious movement co-founder Edna Ballard (b. 1886) on Feb. 10 in Chicago, Ill. - the movement doesn't believe in death so consider this a wakeup call? U.S. Supreme Court militant humanist justice #76 (1937-71) Hugo Lafayette Black (b. 1886) on Sept. 25 in Bethesda, Md. (stroke 8 days after retiring). Am. actress Spring Byington (b. 1886) on Sept. 7 in Hollywood, Calif. (cancer); last two roles are Larry Hagman's mom in "I Dream of Jeannie" in 1967 and Mother General in "The Flying Nun" in 1968. French organist (grandmaster of French organists) Marcel Dupre (b. 1886) on May 31. Am. AL baseball pres. (1931-58) Will Harridge (b. 1886) on Apr. 9. French mathematician Paul Levy (b. 1886) on Dec. 15 in Paris. Am. Paramount Pictures pres. Barney Balaban (b. 1887) on Mar. 7. Am. archeologist Carl Blegen (b. 1887) on Aug. 24 in Athens, Greece. English philosopher of science Charles Dunbar Broad (b. 1887) on Mar. 11. U.S. Sen. (Conn.) Thomas C. Hart (b. 1887) on July 4; cmdr. of the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Fleet at the time of the 1941 Pearl Harbor attack. Argentine physiologist Bernardo Alberto Houssay (b. 1887) on Sept. 21 in Buenos Aires; 1947 Nobel Med. Prize. Hungarian "Watch on the Rhine" actor Paul Lukas (b. 1887) on Aug. 15 in Tangier, Morroco (heart failure). Am. "Terrytoons", "Mighty Mouse" cartoonist Paul Terry (b. 1887) on Oct. 25 in New York City. English Bentley Motors founder Walter Owen Bentley (b. 1888) on Aug. 2 in Woking, Surrey. English actress Dame Gladys Cooper (b. 1888) on Nov. 17 in Henley-on-Thames. Am. geneticist C.C. Little (b. 1888) on Dec. 22 in Ellsworth, Maine (heart attack). Am. silent film actor Hank Mann (b. 1888) on Nov. 25 in South Pasadena, Calif. Am. physician Royal Rife (b. 1888) on Aug. 5 in El Cajon, Calif. Austrian-born "Gone with the Wind" composer Max Steiner (b. 1888) on Dec. 28 in Hollywood, Calif. (congestive heart failure). Am. Adams' Catalyst organic chemist Roger Adams (b. 1889) on July 6 in Urbana, Ill. Am. atty. Edgar N. Eisenhower (b. 1889) on July 12; brother of Ike. Russian-born Swiss chemist Paul Karrer (b. 1889) on June 18; 1937 Nobel Chem. Prize. Russian-born Canadian Seagram's Ltd. founder Samuel Bronfman (b. 1889) on July 10 in Montreal, Quebec. English-born Am. "The Five Ages of Man" philosopher Gerald Heard (b. 1889) on Aug. 14 in Santa Monica, Calif. English physicist Sir William Lawrence Bragg (b. 1890) on July 1 in Ipswich, Suffolk; doesn't like to bragg, but shared the 1915 Nobel Physics Prize with his father Sir William Henry Bragg (1862-1942), becoming the youngest to be able to bragg about receiving it (until ?) - make room for daddy? Scottish BBC dir.-gen. #1 (1927-38) John Charles Walsham Reith (b. 1889) on June 16 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Am. Searchlight (children's Braille mag.) ed. Helen H. Day (b. 1890) on Jan. 10. Am. businessman Harry Frank Guggenheim (b. 1890) on Jan. 22 in New York City (cancer). English author-social reformer Sir Alan Patrick Herbert (b. 1890) on Nov. 11 in London: "Don't lets go to the dogs tonight, for Mother will be there"; "A highbrow is someone who looks at a sausage and thinks of Picasso." Am. microbiologist Paul de Kruif (b. 1890) on Feb. 28 in Holland, Mich. Am. "Sgt. Quirt in What Price Glory" actor Edmund Lowe (b. 1890) on Apr. 21 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. historian Allan Nevins (b. 1890) on Mar. 5 in Menlo Park, Calif. Am. actress Marin Sais (b. 1890) on Dec. 31 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (cerebral arteriosclerosis). Am. Biblical archeologist William Foxworth Albright (b. 1891) on Sept. 19 in Baltimore, Md. Am. advertising pioneer Leo Burnett (b. 1891) on June 7. Am. artist Edwin Walter Dickinson (b. 1891) on Dec. 2 in Cape Cod, Mass. Am. eugenics leader Wickliffe Draper (b. 1891) (prostate cancer); leaves $1.4M to the Pioneer Fund. Am. yo-yo magnate Donald F. Duncan Sr. (b. 1892) on May 15 in Palm Springs, Calif. (automobile accident); his birthday of June 6 becomes Nat. Yo-Yo Day in the U.S. Czech-born Am. Zionist historian Hans Kohn (b. 1891) on Mar. 16 in Philadelphia, Penn. Russian-born Am. broadcasting pioneer (founder of NBC, and CEO of RCA) David Sarnoff (b. 1891) on Dec. 12 in New York City. Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player Punch Broadbent (b. 1892) on Mar. 5 in Ottawa, Ont. U.S. Sen. (D-Fla.) Spessard L. Holland (b. 1892) on Nov. 6; author of the 24th Amendment (poll tax). Am. bandleader ("Mr. Entertainment") ("The High-Hatted Tragedian of Song") Ted Lewis (b. 1892) on Aug. 25 in New York City: "Is everybody happy?" English novelist Denis Mackail (b. 1892) on Aug. 4 in Chelsea, London. Am. clergyman and neo-orthodox Protestant social gospel theologian Reinhold Niebuhr (b. 1892) on June 1 in Stockbridge, Mass.: "The tragedy of man is that he can conceive self-perfection but he cannot achieve it." Hungarian Communist dictator (1945-56) Matyas Rakosi (b. 1892) on Feb. 5 in Gorky, Russia. Am. secy. of state (1949-53) Dean Acheson (b. 1893) on Oct. 12 in Sandy Spring, Md. (stroke). Am. "December Bride" actress Spring Byington (b. 1893) on Sept. 7. Am. Navy Adm. (Seventh Fleet cmdr.) Joseph James Clark (b. 1893) on July 13 in St. Albans, N.Y. Am. Walt Disney's brother Roy O. Disney (b. 1893) on Dec. 20 in Burbank, Calif. (cerebral hemorrhage). German Gen. Otto Lasch (b. 1893) on Apr. 29 in Bonn. Am. silent movie comedian Harold Lloyd (b. 1893) on Mar. 8 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (prostate cancer); made almost 500 movies wearing his trademark lenseless horn-rimmed glasses. Am. Ziegfeld Follies star Ann Pennington (b. 1893) on Nov. 4 in New York City. British RAF Marshal Sir Charles Porter (b. 1893) on Apr. 22 in West Ashling, West Sussex. Greek-born Am. 20th Cent. Fox. pres. (1942-62) Spyros P. Skouras (b. 1893) on Aug. 16 in Mamaroneck, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. "Sneezy in Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" comic actor Billy Gilbert (b. 1894) on Sept. 23 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. actor Percy Helton (b. 1894) on Sept. 11 in Hollywood, Los Angeles, Calif. Japanese potter Shoji Hamada (b. 1894) on Jan. 5 in Mashiko (pneumonia). Soviet shoebanger destalinizationist PM (1958-64) Nikita Khrushchev (b. 1894) on Sept. 11 in Moscow; dies under house arrest. Am. Hadacol-promoting La. state sen. Dudley Joseph LeBlanc (b. 1894) on Oct. 22 in Abbeville, La. (stroke). French WWI/II ace Marius Ambrogi (b. 1895) on Apr. 25. Am. writer-diplomat Adolf Berle Jr. (b. 1895) on Feb. 17. Am. singer-actor Cliff "Ukelele Ike" Edwards (b. 1895) on July 17 in Hollywood, Calif.; voice of Jiminy Crickett in Walt Disney's "Pinocchio". Soviet physicist Igor Tamm (b. 1895) on Apr. 12 in Moscow - tamm makes things that go bamm? Liberian pres. #19 (1944-71) William Tubman (b. 1895) on July 31 in London, England. Am. Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill Wilson (b. 1895) on Jan. 24 in Miami, Fla. (pneumonia); known as Bill W. until death; asks for a drink on his deathbed after 35 years. Am. "Irene" stage actress Edith Day (b. 1896) on May 1 in London. U.S. CIA deputy dir. (1946) Kingman Douglass (b. 1896) on Oct. 8 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. inventor Sherman M. Fairchild (b. 1896) on Mar. 28. Am. psychic medium Arthur Ford (b. 1896) on Jan. 4. Phillipine pres. #8 (1957-61) Carlos P. Garcia (b. 1896) on June 14 in Bohol. Am. physicist Lester Germer (b. 1896) on Oct. 3 in Shawangunk Ridge, N.Y. (heart attack during a rock climb). Am. atty. David John Mays (b. 1896) on Feb. 17 in Richmond, Va. English psychoanalyst Donald Woods Winnicott (b. 1896) on Jan. 28 in London (heart attack): "Only the true self can be creative and only the true self can feel real." Am. scholar Albrecht E.R. Goetze (b. 1897) on Aug. 15; translated the Laws of Hammurabi in 1948. English-born Am. "The Vagabond King" stage actor Dennis King (b. 1897) on May 21 in New York City (heart failure). U.S. Sen. (D-Ga.) (1933-71) Richard Brevard Russell Jr. (b. 1897) on Jan. 21 in Washington, D.C.; namesake of the Russell Senate Office Bldg. (1972). French theatrical producer Michel Saint-Denis (b. 1897) on July 31 in London (stroke). Chinese painter Pan Tianshou (b. 1897). Am. Random House founder and TV quiz show panelist Bennett Cerf (b. 1898) on Aug. 27 in Mount Kisco, N.Y.; helped beat govt. censorship of James Joyce's "Ulysses" in 1938. Am. "Prevention", "Organic Gardening" health mag. publisher Jerome Irving Rodale (b. 1898) on June 8 in New York City; dies of a heart attack suffered during the taping of the Dick Cavett Show, after a June 6 NYT Mag. article quoted him as saying he will live to be 100 unless a "sugar-crazed taxi driver" runs him over; despite this embarrassment, which stinks up his name with the medical establishment, the fact that he was on the show to crow about beating the FTC in a court battle that began in 1955 over the right to pub. health claims without govt. approval helps his org. in Emmaus, Penn., which is taken over by his son Robert David Rodale (1930-90) to experience dramatic growth, flourishing until ?. Am. Duncan Yo-Yo Co. founder Donald F. Duncan Sr. (b. 1899) on Jan. 15 (automobile accident); lost his trademark to the term "Yo-Yo" in 1965. Am. "The Aldrich Family" playwright Clifford Goldsmith (b. 1899) on July 11 in Tucson, Ariz. U.S. Supreme Court justice #90 (1955-71) John Marshall Harlan II (b. 1899) on Dec. 29 in Washington, D.C. Am. journalist Eric Hodgins (b. 1899) on Jan. 7 in New York City; publisher of Fortune mag. (1937-41). Am. historian Charles Kelly (b. 1889) on Apr. 19. Irish PM (1959-66) Sean F. Lemass (b. 1899) on May 11 in Dublin. Am. "Chief Petty Officer Homer Nelson in Ensign O'Toole" actor Jay C. Flippen (b. 1899) on Fe.b 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. (surgery for an aneurysm of an arter). Am. "Kiss Me, Kate" playwright Samuel Spewack (b. 1899) on Oct. 14 in New York City (cancer). Am. jazz trumpeter (first jazz soloist to attain worldwide influence) Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong (b. 1900) on July 6 in Corona, Queens, N.Y. Am. "Salt of the Earth" Hollywood Ten dir. Herbert J. Biberman (b. 1900) on June 30 in New York City (bone cancer). Am. archeologist Nelson Glueck (b. 1900) on Feb. 12; pres. of Hebrew Union College; used the Bible to locate buried artifacts. Am. baseball player Leon A. (Goose) Goslin (b. 1900) on May 15; won the 1928 AL batting title with a .379 avg. Anglo-Irish writer-dir.-producer Sir Tyrone Guthrie (b. 1900) on May 15 in Newbliss, County Monaghan, Ireland. Am. "Toot Toot Tootsie" bandleader-composer Ted Fio Rito (b. 1900) on July 22. Am. pollster Elmo Roper (b. 1900) on Apr. 30 in West Reading, Penn. - was he reading his polls when he reached the end of his rope? Greek poet-diplomat Giorgos Seferis (b. 1900) on Sept. 20 in Athens; 1963 Nobel Lit. Prize: "I woke with this marble head in my hands/ It exhausts my elbows and I don't know where to put it down/ It was falling into the dream as I was coming out of it/ So our life became one and it will be very difficult to separate again." German actress-dir. Helene Weigel (b. 1900) on May 6 in East Berlin. Trinidad-Tobagan Lord Learie N. Constantine (b. 1901) on July 1; Trinidad and Tobago high commissioner to London, and Britain's first black peer. Irish-born British scientist John Desmond Bernal (b. 1901) on Sept. 15 in London: "Life is a partial, progressive, multiform and conditionally interactive self-realization of the potentialities of atomic electron states." British-Trinidadian cricketer Learie Constantine (b. 1901) on July 1 in Brondesbury, Hampstead, London. Am. "Lonesome Luke" actress Bebe Daniels (b. 1901) on Mar. 16 in London (cerebral hemorrhage). Am. Disney cartoonist Ub Iwerks (b. 1901) on July 7 in Burbank, Calif. (heart attack). Japanese composer Masao Oki (b. 1901) on Apr. 18. Italian-born Am. mobster Joe Adonis (b. 1902) on Nov. 26 in Rome, Italy (heart attack during a police interrogation); deported in 1956. Am. stage actor David Burns (b. 1902) on Mar. 23. New York Metropolitan Opera conductor Fausto Cleva (b. 1902) on Aug. 6. Am. New York gov. (1943-54) Thomas E. Dewey (b. 1902) on Mar. 16 in Bal Harbour, Fla.; the big loser of 1944 and 1948. Am. "The Sound of Music" theatrical producer Leland Hayward (b. 1902) on Mar. 18 in Yorktown Heights, N.Y. (stroke). Am. actor House Jameson (b. 1902) on Apr. 23 in Danbury, Conn. Am. "greatest golfer of all time" Bobby Jones (b. 1902) on Dec. 18 in Atlanta, Ga. (syringeomyelia); confined to a wheelchair since 1948; dies 1 week after converting to Roman Catholicism. Am. gravelly-voiced comedian Joe E. Lewis (b. 1902) on June 4. Am. author-poet-humorist Ogden Nash (b. 1902) on May 19 in Baltimore, Md.; leaves 20+ vols. of droll witty verse; on aug. 19, 2002 the U.S. Postal Service issues an Ogden Nash stamp, becoming the first to incl. the word "sex". "Vanity, vanity, all is vanity/ That's any fun at all for humanity"; "Winter comes but once a year,/ And when it comes it brings the doctor good cheer." English pulse-code modulation (PCM) inventor Alec Harley Reeves (b. 1902) on Oct. 13. Swedish biochemist Arne Tiselius (b. 1902) on Oct. 29 in Uppsala; 1948 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. "Crunch and Des" novelist Philip Wylie (b. 1902) on Oct. 25 (heart attack). English-born Soviet spy Rudolf Abel (b. 1903) on Nov. 15 (lung cancer); last words: "Don't forget that we are Germans anyway." French comedy movie star Fernandel (Fernand Contandin) (b. 1903) on Feb. 27; starred in almost 150 films. French poet-writer Jean Follain (b. 1903) on Mar. 10 in Paris (run over by a car at the Qual des Tuilleries tunnel). Swedish actor-wrestler Tor Johnson (b. 1903) on May 12 in San Fernando, Calif. Am. actress Muriel Kirkland (b. 1903) on Sept. 26 in New York City (emphysema). Canadian saxophonist Carmen Lombardo (b. 1903) on Apr. 17 in Miami, Fla. (cancer). Irish crystallographer Dame Kathleen Lonsdale (b. 1903) on Apr. 1 in London. Am. jazz bandleader Ben Pollack (b. 1903) on June 7 in Palm Springs, Calif. (suicide); discoverer of Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman. Am. mobster Joseph Valachi (b. 1903) on Apr. 3 in El Paso, Tex. (heart attack). Dominican priest Roland De Vaux (b. 1903) on Sept. 12; head of the French Ecole Biblique in Jerusalem, and Dead Sea Scrolls editor. Am. photographer Margaret Bourke-White (b. 1904) on Aug. 27 in Conn. (Parkinson's disease); first female news correspondent accredited to go overseas during WWII: "A burning purpose attracts others who are drawn along with it and help fulfill it." Am. diplomat Ralph Bunche (b. 1904) on Dec. 9 in New York City; the U.N.'s highest ranking U.S. diplomat; first black to receive a Nobel Peace Prize (1950); undersecy. of the U.N. since 1955, highest U.N. position ever held by a U.S. citizen; retired on Oct. 1: "There are no warlike peoples - just warlike leaders." Am. Nietzschean superman-reject Nathan F. Leopold Jr. (b. 1904) on Aug. 29; convicted in 1924 of the kidnap-murder of 14-y.-o. Bobby Franks in Chicago, Ill., and paroled in 1958, becoming a church missionary in Puerto Rico. Am. biochemist Wendell Meredith Stanley (b. 1904) on June 15 in Salamanca, Spain; 1946 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. "Big Daddy in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" actor Thomas Gomez (b. 1905) on June 18. Am. superselling (100M) "Ellery Queen" co-author (with 1st cousin Frederic Dannay) Manfred B. Lee (b. 1905) on Apr. 3. English composer Alan Rawsthorne (b. 1905) on July 24 Am. actress Betty Bronson (b. 1906) on Oct. 19 in Pasadena, Calif. Am. black cartoonist E. Simms Campbell (b. 1906) on Jan. 27 in White Plains, N.Y. Am. TV pioneer Philo T. Farnsworth (b. 1906) in Mar. 11 in Salt Lake City, Utah; dies unrich despite 300+ patents. Am. "Moanin' Low" Jewish bi activist stage actress-singer Libby Holman (b. 1906) on June 18 in Stamford, Conn. (suicide by carbon monoxide in her Rolls Royce in the garage of her Treetops mansion). Chinese Communist leader marshal Lin Biao (b. 1907) on Sept. 13 in Ondorkhaan, Mongolia; dies in a Hawker Siddeley Trident plane crash after a failed coup against Mao Tse-tung, after which he is condemned by the Chinese Communist Party as a traitor, becoming one of the two major "counter-revolutionary forces" of the Cultural Rev. along with Mao's wife Jiang Qing. Am. Dem. politician Thomas Joseph Dodd (b. 1907) on May 24 in Old Lyme, Conn. Haitian dictator-pres. (1957-71) and voodoo expert Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier (b. 1907) on Apr. 21 in Port-au-Prince. British author-journalist Peter Fleming (b. 1907) on Aug. 18 in Nettlebed, Oxfordshire; elder brother of "James Bond 007" author Ian Fleming; the Royal Geographic Society establishes the Peter Fleming Award in his honor. Am. sportscaster Bill Stern (b. 1907) on Nov. 19 in Rye, N.Y. Am. country musician Bob Dunn (b. 1908) on May 27 in Houston, Tex. Am. baseball commissioner (1965-9) USAF Lt. Gen. William D. Eckert (b. 1908) on Apr. 16. Am. "Lassie" TV producer Robert Maxwell Joffe (b. 1908) on Feb. 3 in Toronto, Ont., Canada. Am. Eckanar founder Paul Twitchell (b. 1908) on Sept. 17 in Cincinnati, Ohio (heart attack). Am. "Ox-Bow Incident" novelist Walter Van Tilburg Clark (b. 1909) on Nov. 10 in Reno, Nev. Am. "Sac Prairie" poet-novelist August Derleth (b. 1909) on July 4 in Sauk City, Wisc. Am. "Shot Heard 'Round the World" sports announcer Russ Hodges (b. 1910) on Apr. 19 in Mill Valley, Calif. (heart attack). Am. sci-fi pioneer John Wood Campbell Jr. (b. 1910) on July 11 in Mountainside, N.J. Am. "Johnny Eager" actor Van Heflin (b. 1910) on July 23 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack/stroke in his swimming pool on July 6). Am. historian David Morris Potter (b. 1910) on Feb. 18. Am. bowler ned Day (b. 1911) on Nov. 26. Am. "Consumer Reports" publisher Morris Kaplan (b. 1911) on Sept. 15. German auto manufacturer Georg von Opel (b. 1912) on Aug. 12 in Bad Soden am Taunus. Guatemalan leftist pres. (1951-4) Jacobo Arbenz (b. 1913) on Jan. 27 in Mexico City (exile); dies in his bathroom under suspicious circumstances; in 1965 his eldest daughter, fashion model Arabella Arbenz committed suicide in front of her beau, matador Jaima Bravo in Bogota, messing him up. Am. journalist Frank Conniff (b. 1914) on May 25; ed. of the New York World Journal Tribune. Am. "There Must Be a Way" song lyricist Sam Gallop (b. 1915) on Feb. 24. Am. "Funny Girl" screenwriter Isobel Lennart (b. 1915) on Jan. 25 in Helmet, Calif. (automobile accident). Am. "Our Day Will Come" lyricist Bob Hilliard (b. 1918) on Feb. 1 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. actor Christopher Dark (b. 1920) on Oct. 10 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. Homer & Jethro country singer Henry D. "Homer" Haynes (b. 1920) on Aug. 7 in Hammond, Ind. (heart attack). Am. photographer Diane Arbus (b. 1923) on July 26 in West Village, Manhattan, N.Y. (suicide). Am. Okla. gov. #16 (1959-63) James Howard Edmondson (b. 1925) on Nov. 17 in Edmond, Okla. (heart attack). Am. poet Paul Blackburn (b. 1926) on Sept. 13 in Cortland, N.Y. Am. war hero-actor Audie Murphy (b. 1926) on May 28 in Brush Mt. (near Catawba), Va.; found dead along with five other men in the wreckage of a private plane en route to Atlanta; most decorated U.S. soldier of WWII; got off to a fast start as an actor starring in his own autobio., then went bankrupt three years ago. Am. U. of Ill. prof. of education (developer of "New Math") Max Beberman (b. 1925) on Jan. 24. Am. actress Martha Vickers (b. 1925) on Nov. 2 in Van Nuys, Calif. (esophageal cancer). Am. heavyweight boxing champ (1962-4) Charles (Sonny) Liston (b. 1928) on Jan. 5 in Las Vegas, Nev. (heroin OD, heart-lung failure, or murdered by the mob?). Canadian hockey goalie Terry Sawchuk (b. 1929) on May 31 in New York City; dies of injuries sustained while horsing around or fighting with a teammate; career record 103 shutouts. Italian actress Pier Angeli (b. 1932) on Sept. 10 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (barbituate OD); dies before she can act in "The Godfather". Am. singer Gene Vincent (b. 1935) on Oct. 12 in Newhall, Calif. (stomach ulcer). Zanzibar dictator (1964) John Okello (b. 1937) on ? in ?. Am. "Alias Smith and Jones" actor Peter Deuel (b. 1940) on Dec. 31 in Hollywood, Calif. (suicide by gunshot). Am. "The Doors" rock star ("the lizard king") Jim Morrison (b. 1943) on July 3 in Paris; found dead in his apt. bathtub; no autopsy is performed; buried in Pere Lachaise Cemetery on July 7 - the good die young like a dog without a bone? Am. Allman Brothers rocker Duane Allman (b. 1946) on Oct. 29 on State Highway 19 in Macon, Ga. (motorcycle accident); fellow rocker Berry Oakley dies 13 mo. later three blocks away - the good die young on bikes?



1972 - The To Be Goin' Year? King Nixon goes to China and wows the world, then throws it all away with a botched burglary? Jane Fonda makes a counterculture visit to paradise Hanoi, wowing the activist world, then botches it with a dumb photo opp? The French Connection is caught coming and going? The pesky Palestinian terrorists visit Munich for the Summer Olympics, and don't botch it, announcing to the world that Allah Akbar is baa-aa-aack, and wowing the Muslim World, who celebrate by sending parcel bombs? The Soviets travel down the court with a little questionable official help and dethrone the Amerikanskies in Olympic basketball? U.S. reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein are going up with their Watergate investigation, and writer Clifford Irving is going down with his fake Howard Hughes autobiography? The U.S. government sends its last Apollo missions to the Moon, while stinking itself up by napalming children in Vietnam just as it's time to be going? The video game industry is launched so people who don't have anywhere to go can get down to some serious time-wasting for stacks of quarters? Not even 10 years after the sleazy JFK assassination and coverup, the U.S. government has another sleazy operation to coverup, but this time they blow it, causing a power struggle and thoughts of dictatorship dancing in Nixon's head before he finally flies away in his helicopter to lick his wounds? Meanwhile just in case it's needed, NASA sends a plaque bearing basic information on maybe-soon-to-be-extinct humanity into deep space to warn future extraterrestrial visitors?

Nixon in China, 1972 Max Frankel (1930-) Munich Summer Olympics 1972 Terrorist Carlos the Jackal (1949-) Jane Fonda (1937-) in Hanoi, Aug. 22, 1972 Pioneer 10 Plaque, 1972 Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, 1972 Phan Thi Kim Phuc (1963-), June 8, 1972 Nick Ut (1951-) George McGovern of the U.S. (1922-) George Pratt Shultz of the U.S. (1920-) James Elmer Akins of the U.S. (1926-2010) Vladimir Semyonov of the Soviet Union (1911-92) Watergate Frank Wills (1948-2000) Watergate Burglars Bernard Leon Barker (1917-2009) James Walter McCord Jr. (1924-) Eugenio R. Martinez (1924-) Frank Anthony Sturgis (1924-93) Virgilio R. Gonzalez (1926-) Everette Howard Hunt of the U.S. (1918-2007) Charles Wendell 'Chuck' Colson of the U.S. (1931-2012) George Gordon Liddy (1930-2021) Maurice Hubert Stans of the U.S. (1908-98) Jeb Stuart Magruder (1934-) Richard Gordon Kleindienst of the U.S. (1923-2000) John Newton Mitchell of the U.S. (1913-88) Egil Krogh Jr. (1939-) Carl Bernstein (1944-) and Bob Woodward (1943-) Benjamin C. Bradlee (1921-2014) Katharine Graham (1917-2001) William Mark Felt of the U.S. (1913-2008) Herbert L. Porter John Joseph Sirica of the U.S. (1904-92) Rose Mary Woods (1917-2005) U.S. Gen. Creighton Abrams Jr. (1914-74) Claiborne da Borda Pell of the U.S. (1918-2009) George Corley Wallace of the U.S. (1919-98) Arthur Herman Bremer (1950-) Howard Hughes (1905-76) Clifford Irving (1930-) Edith Irving and Clifford Irving (1930-) Richard 'Dick' Suskind (-1999) Noah Dietrich (1889-1982) Ron Kovic (1946-) South Vietnamese Gen. Ngo Quang Truong (1929-2007) USMC Capt. John Walter Ripley (1939-2008) Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines (1917-89) Kakuei Tanaka of Japan (1918-93) Pierre Messmer of France (1916-2007) Edward Gough Whitlam of Australia (1916-) Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra of Ecuador (1893-1979) Mathieu Kérékou of Dahomey (1933-) Gen. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong of Ghana (1931-79) Sheik Mwinyi Aboud Jumbe of Zanzibar (1920-) Lars Korvald of Norway (1916-2006) Michael Norman Manley of Jamaica (1924-97) Arturo Armando Molina of El Salvador (1927-) Birendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal (1945-2001) Maj. Gen. Gabriel Ramanantsoa of Madagascar (1906-78) Maurice Strong of Canada (1929-2015) Jean McConville (-1972) U.S. Adm. Alene Bertha Duerk (1920-2018) Louis Patrick Gray III of the U.S. (1916-2005) Edwin Washington Edwards of the U.S. (1927-) Apollo 16 Crew Apollo 17 Crew Eugene Andrew Cernan of the U.S. (1934-) Blue Marble Photo, Dec. 7, 1972 Tom Landry (1924-2000) Roger Staubach (1942-) Immaculate Reception, Dec. 23, 1972 Carroll Rosenbloom (1907-79) Robert Irsay (1923-97) Yukio Kasaya of Japan (1943-) Galina Kulakova of the Soviet Union (1942-) Ard Schenk of Netherlands (1944-) Marie-Theres Nadig of Switzerland (1954-) Francisco Fernandez Ochoa of Spain (1950-2006) Misako Enoki (1939-) Laura Villela Sabia (1916-96) Debbie Heald of the U.S. (1956-) Nina Kuscsik of the U.S. (1939-) Lynne Cox (1957-) Ilie Nastase (1946-) Bobby Fischer of the U.S. (1943-2008) Olga Korbut of the Soviet Union (1956-) Teofilo Stevenson of Cuba (1952-) Mark Spitz of the U.S. (1950-) Frank Shorter of the U.S. (1947-) Alexander Belov of the Soviet Union (1951-78) Renato William Jones of Italy (1906-81) Rodney Milburn Jr. of the U.S. (1950-97) Stan Wright of the U.S. (1921-98) Dan Gable of the U.S. (1948-) Curt Flood (1938-97) Bob Seagren of the U.S. (1946-) Mark Donohue (1937-75) Bob Douglas (1882-1979) LaRue Martin (1950-) Bob McAdoo (1951-) Paul Westphal (1950-) Paul Westphal (1950-) Julius Erving (1950-) Jim Price (1949-) Fred Shero (1925-90) Broad Street Bullies Quebec Nordiques Logo Colorado Avalanche Logo Issa (Luttif Afif) (1937-72) Donald Henry Segretti (1941-) William Loeb III (1905-81) Edmund Sixtus Muskie of the U.S. (1914-96) Thomas Francis Eagleton of the U.S. (1929-2007) R. Sargent Shriver of the U.S. (1915-2011) Patriarch Dimitrios I (1914-91) Gen. Mohammed Oufkir of Morocco (1920-72) Syrian Gen. Mustafa Tlass (1932-) Malika Oufkir (1953-) Abu Daoud (1937-) Abu Iyad (1933-91) Agha Hasan Abedi (1922-) Jon Burge (1947-2018) Seán Mac Stíofáin (1928-2001) of Ireland Asama-Sanso Incident, Feb. 19-28, 1972 Tsuneo Mori (1944-73) Kozo Okamoto (1947-) Angry Brigade Trial, May 30-Dec. 6, 1972 Farrells Ice Cream Parlor, Sacramento, Calif., Sept. 24, 1972 Farrells Ice Cream Parlor, Sacramento, Calif., Sept. 24, 1972 Richard Floyd McCoy Jr. (1942-74) Laszlo Toth (1940-) Luigi Calabresi (1937-72) Giuseppi Pinelli (1929-69) Tommy Ryan Eboli (1911-72) Old Christians Rugby Team Holger Meins (1941-74) Holger Meins (1941-74) Andreas Baader (1943-77) Ulrike Meinhof (1934-76) Jan-Carl Raspe (1944-77) John Stanley Wojtowicz (1945-2006) and Elizabeth Eden (1946-87) Sally Jane Priesand (1946-) Dame Rose Heilbron of Britain (1914-2005) Sir Frank Packer (1906-74) Keith Rupert Murdoch (1931-) Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi (1915-97) Japanese Lt. Hiroo Onoda (1922-2014) Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006) Harold Bingham Lee (1899-1973) Paul Christian Lauterbur (1929-2007) Sir Peter Mansfield (1933-) Raymond Vahan Damadian (1936-) Andrei Sakharov (1921-89) and Yelena Bonner (1923-) Heinrich Theodor Boll (1917-85) John Bardeen (1908-91) Leon N. Cooper (1930-) Burton Richter (1931-) Samuel Chao Chung Ting (1936-) John Robert Schrieffer (1931-) Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Jr. (1916-95) Stanford Moore (1913-82) William Howard Stein (1911-80) Gerald Maurice Edelman (1929-) Rodney Robert Porter (1917-85) Kenneth Joseph Arrow (1921-) Sir John Richard Hicks (1904-89) Paul Berg (1926-) Richard Leakey (1944-) Glynn Llywelyn Isaac (1937-85) Carl Sagan (1934-96) Jim Kasting (1953-) Minik Rosing Jacob David Bekenstein (1947-) Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002) Niles Eldredge (1943-) Douglas Dean Osheroff (1945-) Dudley Robert Herschbach (1932-) Yuan Tseh Lee (1936-) Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-) John Charles Polanyi (1929-) Walter Fiers (1931-2019) Corneliu E. Giurgea (1923-95) Gerardus 't Hooft (1946-) Martinus J.G. Veltman (1931-) Yuri Prokoshkin (1929-97) William Jason Morgan (1935-) Murray Gell-Mann (1929-) Theodora 'Tonie' Nathan of the U.S. (1923-) John Hospers of the U.S. (1918-) Allan MacLeod Cormack (1924-98) Sir Godfrey Hounsfield (1929-2004) Amos Edward Joel Jr. (1918-2008) Robert Melancton Metcalfe (1946-) Alain Colmerauer (1941-) Alan Curtis Kay (1940-) James Tobin (1918-2002) Lexitron, 1972 Philips VLP LaserDisc, 1972 Magnavox Odyssey, 1972 Ralph Henry Baer (1922-) Nolan Bushnell (1943-) Allan Alcorn (1949-) Atari Pong, 1972 David Reeves Boggs (1950-) Dennis Ritchie (1941-2011) Paul Rand (1914-96) IBM 8-Bar Logo, 1972 'Eye Bee M Logo' by Paul Rand (1914-96), 1971 Johnnie Tillmon (1926-) Rene Dubos (1901-82) Sir John Richard Hicks (1904-89) Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81) George Washington Collins of the U.S. (1925-72) Cardiss Collins of the U.S. (1931-2013) Richard Adams (1920-2016) Rudolfo Anaya (1937-) Toni Cade Bambara (1939-95) Robert Coleman Atkins (1930-2003) 'Dr. Atkins Diet Revolution', by Robert Coleman Atkins (1930-2003), 1972 Gregory Bateson (1904-80) John Berryman (1914-72) Sir John Betjeman (1906-84) Peter Burke (1937-) George Carlin (1937-2008) Vinnette Carroll (1922-2002) Daniel Harold Casriel (1924-83) Phyllis Chesler (1940-) Frank Chin (1940-) Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008) Robin Cook (1940-) Stanley Crouch (1945-) Jules Regis Debray (1940-) 'The Chilean Revolution' by Jules Regis Debray (1940-), 1972 Margaret Drabble (1939-) Nevill Drury (1947-) Colin Wilson (1931-) George Alec Effinger (1947-2002) Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-) Deirdre English (1948-) William Everson (1912-94) Frances FitzGerald (1940-) Jo Freeman (1945-) David French (1939-) Athol Fugard (1932-) Sheila Fugard (1932-) John Lewis Gaddis (1941-) Barbara Garson (1941-) William Gibson (1914-2008) Duane Gish (1921-2013) Joe Gores (1931-) David Halberstam (1934-2007) George Hamilton (1939-) and Alana Collins (1945-) Barry Hannah (1942-) James Herriot (1916-95) George V. Higgins (1939-99) Xaviera Hollander (1943-) Roger Kahn (1927-) Michael G. Kammen (1936-2013) John Kani (1943-) Ken Keyes Jr. (1921-95) James Kirkwood Jr. (1924-89) Kenneth Kitchen (1932-) Larry Levis (1946-96) Robert Emerson Lucas Jr. (1937-) Alfred William McCoy (1945-) Josh McDowell (1939-) Donella Meadows (1941-2001) and Dennis L. Meadows (1942-) Steven Millhauser (1943-) William Ormond Mitchell (1914-98) Winston Ntshona (1941-) Gene Roberts (1932-) Nawal el Saadawi (1931-) Bernice Sandler (1928-2019) Charles Edward Sellier Jr. (1943-2011) Gladys Schmitt (1909-72) Alix Kates Shulman (1932-) Hugo Freund Sonnenschein (1940-) William Andrew Swanberg (1907-92) Michael Weller (1942-) C.K. Williams (1936-) Sherley Anne Williams (1944-99) Kathleen E. Woodiwiss (1939-2007) 'The Flame and the Flower' by Kathleen E. Woodiwiss (1930-2007) Helen Yglesias (1915-2008) 'The Bob Newhart Show', 1972-8 'Emergency!' starring Ralph Mantooth (1945-) and Kevin Tighe (1944-), 1972-9 'The Jokers Wild', 1972-5 'Kung Fu', 1972-5 'M*A*S*H', 1972-83 'Maude', starring Bea Arthur (1922-2009), 1972-8 'The Price Is Right', starring Bob Barker (1923-), 1972-2007 'Sanford and Son', starring Redd Fox (1922-91) and Desmond Wilson (1946-), 1972-7 'The Rookies', 1972-6 'The Waltons' 1972-81 Burt Reynolds (1936-2018) in 'Cosmopolitan', Apr. 1972 Tom Batiuk (1947-) 'Funky Winkerbean', 1972- 'Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids', 1972-85 Richard Chanfray (1940-83) Dalida (1933-87) Adi Da (1939-2008) Lonne Elder III (1927-96) Suzanne De Passe (1947-) Jason Miller (1939-2001) The Strugatsky Brothers ABBA 'Hold Your Head Up' by Argent, 1972 Jackson Browne (1948-) Harry Chapin (1942-81) Jim Croce (1943-73) Gary Glitter (1944-) Luther Ingram (1937-2007) Bette Midler (1945-) Ricky Nelson (1940-85) Gilbert O'Sullivan (1946-) Billy Paul (1934-) Lou Reed (1942-) Todd Rundgren (1948-) Leon Russell (1942-) 'Exile on Main Street' by the Rolling Stones, 1972 Edgar Winter (1946-) Neil Young (1945-) The Cat in the Hat Steely Dan The Scorpions The Eagles Donna Fargo (1945-) Foghat Peter Frampton (1950-) Looking Glass Hall & Oates Mott the Hoople The Raspberries Roxy Music Styx Big Star 'All the Young Dudes' by Mott the Hoople, 1972 Lynn Anderson (1947-) Davie Bowie (1947-) as Ziggy Stardust Mac Davis (1942-) Elf 'Elf', by Elf, 1972 Rev. Al Green (1946-) Albert Hammond (1944-) Tanya Tucker (1958-) Millie Jackson (1944-) Harold Melvin (1939-97) and the Blue Notes Johnny Nash (1940-2020) Pure Prairie League Staple Singers Mikis Theodorakis (1925-) Joe Walsh (1947-) Stealers Wheel 'Talking Book' by Stevie Wonder (1950-), 1972 Eileen Heckart (1919-2001) Eddie Holman (1946-) Vicky Leandros (1949-) Jacob Druckman (1928-96) 'Brother, Brother, Brother' by the Isley Brothers, 1972 HBO Logo 'Return to Peyton Place', 1972-4 'Search', 1972-3 'The Streets of San Francisco', 1972-7 'Dont Bother Me, I Cant Cope', 1972 'Grease', 1972 'Pippin', 1972 'Sugar', 1972 'Deep Throat' (1972), starring Linda Lovelace (1949-2002) Harry Reems (1947-) Gerard Damiano (1928-2008) 'Behind the Green Door' (1972), starring Marilyn Chambers (1952-2009) 'Jim Mitchell (1944-2007) and Artie Mitchell (1945-91) 'Blacula', 1972 'Cabaret', starring Liza Minnelli (1946-) and Joel Grey (1932-), 1972 Bob Fosse (1927-87) 'Grease', 1972 'The Cowboys', 1972 'Deliverance', starring Burt Reynolds (1936-), 1972 'The Doomsday Machine', 1972 'Gargoyles', 1972 Francis Ford Coppola (1939-) 'The Godfather', starring Marlon Brando (1924-2004) and Al Pacino (1940-), 1972 'The Godfather', starring Marlon Brando (1924-2004) and Al Pacino (1940-), 1972 'Before' Khartoum in 'The Godfather', 1972 'After' Khartoum in 'The Godfather', 1972 'The Last House on the Left', 1972 'Last Tango in Paris', 1972 'Play Misty for Me', 1972 'The Poseidon Adventure', 1972 'The Ruling Class', 1972 'Silent Running', 1972 'Sleuth', 1972 'Solaris', 1972 Stanislaw Lem (1921-2006) Ron O'Neal (1937-2004) in 'Superfly', 1972 Curtis Mayfield (1942-99) 'A Thief in the Night', 1972 'Another Nice Mess', 1972 Steve Martin (1945-) Otl Aicher (1922-91) Manolo Blahnik (1942-) L'eggs, 1972 Al Copeland (1944-2008) Snapple Brand Vito Acconci (1940-) 'Seedbed' by Vito Acconci (1940-), 1972 'Multiplied' by Philip Guston (1913-80), 1972 Richard Gere (1949-) Opryland USA Logo William Leonard Pereira (1909-85) Paul Newman (1925-2008) Transamerica Pyramid Bldg., 1972 Kingdome, 1972 Nassau Coliseum, 1972 Truman Sports Complex, 1972-3 Gershwin Theatre, 1972 Fermilab, 1972 Stone Mountain, Georgia, 1972 Omni Coliseum, 1972 Atlanta Flames Logo Calgary Flames Logo Scotiabank Saddledome, 1983 Honda Civic, 1972 Herb Peterson (1919-2008) F-15 Eagle Aerodyne E1 Airbus A300 Bartini Beriev VVA-14 Hacky Sack, 1972 Mr. Coffee, 1972 Popeyes Chicken, 1972 Al Copeland (1944-2008) A-10 Thunderbolt II

1972 Doomsday Clock: 12 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Rat (Jan. 16) - good year to invite Nixon over? Time Men of the Year: Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger. The U.N. designates this year as the Internat. Year of the Book. The U.S. birthrate falls to 15.8 per 1K, lowest since the Nat. Center for Health Statistics began keeping records in 1917. In the first 3 mo. of the year the U.S. trade deficit is $1.5B, the worst yearly start in U.S. history. This year the U.S. produces 5B bushels of corn and 1.5B bushels of wheat. This year the U.S. imports 30% of its petroleum, vs. 20% in 1967. Market value of stocks held by 66.7M U.S. households: $1T ($59.8B held by mutual funds); avg. household net worth: $65,517; median household income: $9,129 per year; households with two or more earners: 59%; gold prices for the year avg. $63.90 per troy oz. The world spends $200B this year supporting 23M people in various armed forces, plus $25B for R&D; only $4B is spent on medical research. The top 10% in Britain have 51% of the wealth, down from 83% in 1960; they also have 23.6% of the after-tax income, down from 34.6% in 1939; the top 1% have 25% of the wealth. Gen. Motors has $30B sales this year, incl. 537,268 Chevrolet Impalas; Britain produces 1.92M cars, then slides to less than half that by 1982. Median sales price of a new single-family home in the U.S.: $29.7K; 64.4% of Americans own their own homes. The first Haitian boat people arrive in Fla. On Jan. 1 partially U.S.-owned facilities of Kuwait Oil Co. are damaged by a bomb set by Muslim terrorists. On Jan. 1 Stanford defeats Michigan by 13-12 to win the 1972 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 2 the Pierre Hotel in New York City is robbed of $4M by the Lucchese crime family. On Jan. 2 U.S. First Lady Pat Nixon arrives in Monrovia, Liberia, followed on Jan. 5 by Accra, Ghana, followed on Jan. 7 by Abidjan, Ivory Coast, where 250K people greet her, shouting "Viva Madame Nixon"; on Jan. 11 she is interviewed by Barbara Walters on The Today Show in New York City. On Jan. 4 Jewish barrister Rose Heilbron (1914-2005) becomes the first woman judge at the Old Bailey in London, going on to help reform rape laws in 1975 to keep the identity of victims private and limit the ability of defense lawyers to cross-examine them about their sexual history. On Jan. 5 Pres. Nixon authorizes NASA to proceed with the 6-year $5.5B Space Shuttle Program, which will replace all U.S. launch vehicles except the Scout (the smallest) and the Saturn 5. Clowning is over? On Jan. 7 "Dream Songs" poet John Berryman (b. 1914) (known for his poems about "Harry") leaps to his death from the Washington Ave. Bridge in Minneapolis, Minn., missing the water; he was teaching a graduate course at the U. of Minn. on America's character as revealed by its poets; Carl Rakosi takes over the class. On Jan. 7 an Iberian Airlines jet crashes into a peak on the island of Ibiza, Spain, killing all 104 aboard. On Jan. 7 a man and woman hijack a Boeing 727 from San Francisco to Cuba. On Jan. 9 the Queen Elizabeth Cunard liner (launched 1938) catches fire in Hong Kong Bay during a luncheon, and burns for 48 hours, causing the ship to be scrapped. On Jan. 9 mysterious reclusive Am. billionaire Howard Robard Hughes Jr. (1905-76), speaking by telephone from the Bahamas to seven reporters in Hollywood (his last public appearance), says that the sensational blockbusting Autobiography of Howard Hughes, by Am. writer Clifford Michael Irving (1930-) (author of the 1958 novel "The Losers" and the 1969 bio. "Fake!") in Ibiza Island based on a draft ms. by Hughes' accountant Noah Dietrich (1889-1982), and about to be pub. by McGraw-Hill is a fake, causing a criminal investigation for fraud, after which Irving and his co-conspirator, children's author Richard "Dick" Suskind (-1999) end up doing prison time (17 mo. of a 30 mo. sentence for Irving, 5 mo. of a 6 mo. sentence for Suskind) for it, along with Irving's Swiss-born wife Edith Irving (nee Sommer), who cashed a $900K check made out to "H.R. Hughes" at the Credit Suisse Bank in Zurich using an ID for "Helga Rosensweig Hughes" (where Irving has account #320496), after which Irving goes into self-imposed exile for 15 years until a 2007 movie starring cool Richard Gere as him and Alfred Molina as Sussind comes out, making him into a retro celeb trying to get it pub. again; "This was what all the hoopla was about back in 1972, when I replaced Richard Nixon on the cover of Time. Life magazine called it "the most exciting and revelatory first-person story that [we] will ever have published"; It's now believed that the book's revelations caused the Watergate burglary which eventually capsized the Nixon White House, which was almost as corrupt as the one we have now." (Clifford Irving) On Jan. 10 the U.S. Surgeon Gen. Report on the Health Consequences of Smoking warns that nonsmokers exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke may suffer health hazards. On Jan. 11 East Pakistan becomes independent as Bangladesh; it adopts a flag on Jan. 13; on Jan. 30 Pakistan withdraws from the British Commonwealth; on Mar. 19 India and Bangladesh sign a friendship treaty; on Nov. 4 the 1972 Bangladesh Constitution is adopted, and goes into effect on Dec. 16. On Jan. 12 Braniff Flight 38 (Boeing 727) is hijacked as it leaves Houston for Dallas by D.B. Cooper copycat Billy Gene Hurst Jr., who frees all 94 passengers in Love Field in Dallas, then demands $2M plus parachutes, and is stood-off for six hours until he can be distracted and arrested by police after the crew secretly flees. On Jan. 13 Pres. Nixon announces a reduction of troop strength in Vietnam to a record low of 69K, supporting a decimated ARVN. On Jan. 13 Kofia Abrefa Busia is overthrown in a coup in Ghana led by Col. (later gen.) Ignatius Kutu Acheampong (1931-79), who becomes head of state of Ghana (until July 5, 1978). On Jan. 14 king (since 1947) Frederik IX (b. 1899) dies after a 25-year reign, and since female succession was okayed in a referendum on Mar. 27, 1953, his Cambridge-educated eldest child Margrethe (Margaret) II (1940-) becomes queen of Denmark (until ?), becoming the first ruler of Denmark since 1513 not named Christian or Frederick. On Jan. 14 (Fri.) the Norman Lear black sitcom Sanford and Son debuts on NBC-TV for 135 episodes (until Mar. 25, 1977), based on the 1962-74 BBC series "Steptoe and Son", starring Redd Foxx (Jon Elroy Sanford) (1922-91) as black junk dealer Fred G. Sanford, who lives at 9114 S. Central Ave. in Watts, Los Angeles with his son Lamont Sanford, played by Grady Demond Wilson (1946-), and his cousin-sidekick Grady Wilson, played by Whitman Blount Mayo (1930-2001), known for the catchphrase "Good Goobly Goop!"; LaWanda Page (Alberta Peal) (1920-2002) plays Fred's sanctimonious sister Esther, and Bea Richards (1920-2000) plays Lamont's aunt Ethel; Lynn Hamilton (1930-) plays Lamont's girlfriend Donna Harris; Foxx is billed as the black Archie Bunker; on Sept. 16-Oct. 14, 1977 Sanford Arms debuts on NBC-TV for eight episodes. On Jan. 15 due to a Chinook wind, Loma, Mont. experiences the biggest known 24-hour temperature change, from -54F to +49F (103F) (-48C to 9C). On Jan. 15 (Sat.) Jack Webb's and Robert A. Cinader's Emergency! debuts on NBC-TV for 129 episodes (until May 28, 1977)), based on the 1971 Calif. Wedworth-Townsend Pilot Paramedic Act making Los Angeles County the first in Calif. with paramedics, starring Randolph Mantooth (1945-) (of Seminole descent) as Los Angeles County Fire Dept. Station 51 paramedic Johnny Gage, and Anglo actor Kevin Tighe (Jon Kevin Fushborn) (1944-) as his partner Roy De Soto, plus Robert Wesley "Bobby" Troup Jr. (1918-99) (composer of the 1946 song "Route 66") as neurosurgeon Dr. Joe Early, Troup's wife Julie London (nee Peck) (1926-2000) (known for her sultry singing) as nurse Dixie McCall, and "Jess Harper in Laramie" star Robert "Bob" Fuller (Leonard Leroy "Buddy" Lee) (1933-) as Dr. Kelly Brackett. On Jan. 15 a U.S. nurse is killed and several people are wounded in Gaza by Palestinian terrorists. On Jan. 16 Super Bowl VI (6) (1972) is held in New Orleans, La.; the Dallas Cowboys (NFC), coached since 1960 by fedora-wearing Thomas Wade "Tom" Landry (1924-2000) defeat the Miami Dolphins (AFC) and its no-name defense 24-3 for their first SB win; Cowboys' QB (#12) (1969-79) Roger "the Dodger" Staubach (1942-), AKA Capt. America and Capt. Comeback completes 12 of 19 passes for 119 yards and 2 TDs, incl. one to tight end Mike Ditka (1939-), and becomes the first Heisman Trophy winner to also become Super Bowl MVP; the Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders ("America's Sweethearts") appear later this year, with Western-style uniforms featuring midriff-baring tops and vests, skimpy white shorts, and go-go boots, which are later changed to cowboy boots; a TV movie about them is shown in 1979, drawing half the U.S. TV audience. On Jan. 17 terrorists bomb the U.S. mission in Tehran, Iran, wounding two guards. On Jan. 18 due to warm Santa Ana winds, Palm Springs and Los Angeles, Calif. reach 95F, becoming the highest recorded temp for Jan. (until ?). On Jan. 19 the platform micronation Repub. of Minerva declares independence from neighboring Tonga, declaring a libertarian society with no taxes or welfare, led by Las Vegas millioniare Michael Oliver (Lithuanian Jewish immigrant); too bad, Tonga soon moves in and dismantles it. On Jan. 22 the Treaty of Accession to the European Communities is signed in Brussels, allowing Britain, Denmark, Ireland, and Norway to join the European Economic Community (EEC); the British House of Commons approves it on July 14, but Norway votes to not join after all, leaving the poor little EEC at 20 nations with 257M pop.; on July 31 Belgian PM (1938-9, 1946-9) Paul-Henri Spaak (b. 1899), co-founder of the EEC dies. On Jan. 24 the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down laws denying welfare benefits to people who reside in a state for less than a year. On Jan. 24 shrimp fishermen discover WWII Japanese army Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi (1915-97), who had hidden along with 1K other troops after the war ended, leaving him the lone survivor, living in a cave; he is returned to Japan, has an audience with Emperor Hirohito in 1991, and is regarded as either a hero or a nutcase by the Japanese; in Mar. 1974 after his superior Maj. Yoshimi Taniguchi has to fly personally to give him the order to surrender, 2nd Lt. Hiroo Onoda (1922-2014) surrenders on Lubang Island, Philippines, and on Jan. 10, 1975 Pvt. Teruo Nakamura (1919-79) surrenders on Morotai Island, Indonesia, becoming the last. On Jan. 25 Pres. Nixon makes public the secret Vietnamese peace talks from May 31, 1971 that incl. a ceasefire-in-place, U.S. withdrawal, and the return of POWs. On Jan. 25 Shirley Chisholm, the first black woman elected to the U.S. Congress announces her candidacy for U.S. pres. as a Dem. On Jan. 26 a bomb placed by the Ustashi Croatian Nationalist Movement aboard a Yugoslav Airlines DC-9 en route from Stockholm to Belgrade explodes in midair over Czech., killing 27; attendant Vesna Vulovic (1950-) drops 33.3K ft. in the tail section and survives following a 27-day coma and a 16-mo. recovery, becoming the only survivor. On Jan. 26 members of the Jewish Defense League (JDL) set fire to the New York City offices of a man who manages U.S. tours for Soviet performers. On Jan. 26 (Australia Day) the Aboriginal Tent Embassy is set up on the lawn of Old Parliament House in Canberra, Australia to fight for aboriginal rights, getting torn down and rebuilt, then remaining permanently starting on Australia Day, 1992 (until ?). On Jan. 27 a bomb explodes on a train en route from Vienna to Zagreb, injuring six; the Ustashi are suspected. On Jan. 28 TWA Flight 2 from Los Angeles to New York is hijacked over Chicago by bank robber Garrett Brock Trapnell (1938-93), who demands $306,800, the release of Angela Davis, and clemency from Pres. Nixon; after landing at JFK Airport, the FBI retakes the plane, wounding him; this hijacking triggers an overhaul of flight procedures that remain in place until 9/11. On Jan. 28 former jailbird Richard Chanfray (1940-83) goes on French TV and claims to be the count of St. Germain, and also claims to be able to transmute lead to gold, getting rich giving psychic readings to high society, and hooking up with Egyptian-born French singer Dalida (1933-87); after getting into trouble with the law repeatedly, he commits suicide near Saint Tropez on July 14, 1983. Northern Ireland finally goes into civil war over silly religion? On Jan. 30 Bloody Sunday in Northern Ireland sees British parachute regiment soldiers open fire on an unarmed civilian demonstration in Londonderry, killing 13; on Feb. 2 the funerals are held, causing 25K to march to the British embassy in Belfast with replica coffins and black flags and burn it to the ground, becoming the first IRA terrorist action in Northern Ireland; on June 17, 2010 British PM David Cameron apologizes, saying "I am deeply sorry", becoming the first time that a British leader apologizes to the Irish since they took the island over in the 1170s; on Feb. 22 the Aldershot Barracks Bombing at the HQ of the 16th Parachute Brigade by the IRA kills seven incl. five women and a Roman Catholic priest; on Mar. 30 the Provisional Govt. in Northern Ireland (Stormont) is suspended, and direct rule from London is reinstated; on Apr. 14 the IRA explodes 24 bombs across North Ireland, and hold 14 shootouts with British troops; British soldiers and tanks become commonplace as they patrol war zones between Catholic and Protestant neighborhoods; during the year 1.4K bombings and 10.6K shootings are reported by police, and 470 are killed. On Jan. 31 Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah (b. 1920) dies of a heart attack, and his son Prince Birendra Bir Bikram Shah (1945-2001) becomes king of Nepal (until June 1, 2001), continuing his father's autocratic policies, keeping the parliament dissolved and political parties banned, while inviting tourism. In Jan. 280K British coal miners strike for the first time in almost 50 years over their $50 per week or less wages, demanding an 11% increase, causing the govt. to declare a state of emergency on Feb. 9; they settle after seven weeks; in Apr. rail workers in London strike, demanding a raise to $78 per week, spreading throughout Britain within a week; too bad, they fold after four more days, with wildcat sporadic strikes. In Jan. the Big Mac Scandal rocks the Nat. Western Stock Show in Denver, Colo. when McDonald's pays $14,250 for a Black Angus Grand Champion steer which later turns out to be a white Charolais painted black. On Feb. 2 a bomb explodes in the British Yacht Club in West Berlin, killing German boat builder Irwin Beelitz; the IRA claims responsibility. On Feb. 3-13 the XI (11th) (1972) Winter Olympic Games are held in Sapporo, Japan, becoming the first hosted outside Europe and North Am., and the first hosted by an Asian country; 1,006 athletes from 35 nations compete in 35 events in six sports; the last games where a skiier wins a gold using all-wooden skis; the Soviet Union wins the games with 16 medals, incl. 8 gold, with Switzerland coming in 2nd (10/4) and Netherlands 3rd (9/4); Japan, which never won a gold in the Winter Olympics before sweeps the ski jump event, with Yukio Kasaya (1943-) winning gold; Galina Alexeyevna Kulakova (1942-) of the Soviet Union wins all three women's cross-country skiing events; Ardianus "Ard" Schenk (1944-) of Netherlands wins three golds in speed skating; Marie-Theres Nadig (1954-) of Switzerland wins the women's downhill and giant slalom; Francisco "Paquito" Fernandez Ochoa (1950-2006) wins Spain's first gold, in slalom (until ?). On Feb. 5 it is reported that the U.S. has agreed to sell 42 F-4 Phantom jets to Israel. On Feb. 5 U.S. airlines begin mandatory inspection of passengers and baggage. On Feb. 5 a Dutch-owned gas station in Ravenstein, Germany is sabotaged; Black Sept. is suspected; on Feb. 6 Black Sept. terrorists murder five Jordanian workers near Cologne, West Germany for allegedly assisting Israel; on Feb. 8 they strike again at a West German electrical installation, a Dutch gas plant, and an electrical generator plant near Hamburg. On Feb. 7 Pres. Nixon signs the 1971 U.S. Federal Election Campaign Act, limiting campaign media spending to 10 cents per person of voting age in a candidate's constituency, with all campaign contributions required to be reported, effective Apr. 7; in 1974 it is amended to put limits on campaign contributions, and creates the Federal Election Commission (FEC), after which it is amended again in 1976, 1979, and 2002. On Feb. 12 Sen. Edward Kennedy advocates amnesty for Vietnam draft resisters. On Feb. 13 enemy attacks in Vietnam decline for the 3rd day as the U.S. continues its intensive bombing strategy. On Feb. 13 Zaire Pres. Joseph Desire Mobutu exhorts his people to reject Western culture in favor of African culture, starting by changing their Christian names to African names; he changes his name to Mobutu Sese Seko, assumes dictatorial powers, and establishes a "kleptocracy". On Feb. 14 the Soviets launch Luna 20; it returns from the Moon on Feb. 25 with a cargo of moon rocks. On Feb. 14 the 969.8 carat Star of Sierra Leone is discovered, becoming the 3rd largest gem-quality diamond ever found; it is later cut into 17 diamonds. On Feb. 14-18 (Mon.-Fri.) John Lennon (1940-80) and Yoko Ono (1933-) co-host The Mike Douglas Show (1961-82). On Feb. 15 5x-elected (1934, 1944, 1952, 1960, 1968) Ecuadorian pres. (since 1968) Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (1893-1979) is deposed by the army for the 4th and last time after completing only one full term from 1952-6; "Give me a balcony and I will become presidente". On Feb. 15 the U.S. grants copyright protection to phonograph records for the 1st time. On Feb. 15 a transit bus collides with a truck in Barrio Calamba, Philippines, killing 13 and injuring 41. Only Nixon can visit China? On Feb. 17 (Thur.) Pres. Nixon, having ordered on Feb. 14 that U.S. trade with the PRC be put on the same basis as trade with the Soviets, and taking advantage of China's troubles with India and the Soviet Union, and saying that the U.S. has no "permanent enemies" departs for China on a surprise Journey for Peace (Opening to China), which was arranged during a secret (from secy. of state William P. Rogers) trip made by Henry Kissinger, who hoped to get Chinese help to get the U.S. out of Vietnam in exchange for supporting them against the Soviet Union, and played sick during a trip to Pakistan then snuck off to a plane at night wearing a floppy hat and dark glasses, using Nixon's image of anti-Commie strongman to advantage, along with residual Chinese respect for the U.S. for standing up for them at the end of WWI in keeping their country from being carved up into foreign zones of influence, plus prior visits by Chinese-speaking mining engineer Herbert Hoover before he became pres., all ending the U.S. hostility toward Red China that began in 1949; on Feb. 21 (Mon.) Nixon becomes the first U.S. pres. to visit China as he and his wife Pat arrive in Shanghai, beginning "the week that changed the world"; on Feb. 22 he meets with shorter-older tired-looking Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) and Chou En-Lai (Zhou Enlai) in Beijing, then visits Hangzhou; CBS newsman Walter Cronkite wears electric socks while accompanying Nixon to the Great Wall, where they malfunction and shock him; on Feb. 28 Nixon and Chou issue the Shanghai Communique (Joint Communique of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China) at the conclusion of the historic visit, in which both nations promise to work towards improved relations (read: economic takeover of U.S. imports?), and the U.S. acknowledges China's right to Taiwan and to a foothold against the Soviets, pissing-off William F. Buckley, also Patrick J. Buchanan, who had opposed the recognition of Mongolia in 1969, and calls it a "sell-out"; Nixon's approval rating soars to 56%, and a Gallup poll reveals that 98% of Americans know of the visit, the highest since the Pearl Harbor attack; German-born Jewish-Am. journalist Max Frankel (1930-) wins the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the trip, and goes on to become exec ed. of The New York Times in 1986-94 - if only he hadn't bungled the Watergate burglary, Nixon would go down in history as one of the greatest U.S. presidents ever? On Feb. 17 VW Beetle sales surpass the Ford Model T as the 15,007,034th Beetle is produced; production stops on Jan. 19, 1978 at 19.2M. On Feb. 18 the Calif. Supreme Court strikes down the state's death penalty, giving death row inmates life sentences - did the law get a fair trial before being executed? On Feb. 18 a bus carrying students plunges into an irrigation canal in Benha, Egypt, killing 77 of 91. On Feb. 19 a Muslim Jordanian terrorist attempts to hijack an Alia Caravelle en route from Cairo to Amman; the Jordanian Nat. Liberation Movement claims responsibility in their only terrorist act (really the PLO?). On Feb. 19-28 the Asama-Sanso Incident follows a bloody purge of the 29-member United Red Army (founded July 15, 1971) that kills 14 members plus a bystander, after which five members break into a lodge on Mount Asama, Japan and take the wife of the lodgekeeper hostage, eventually killing two policemen and one civilian; the police rescue operation on Feb. 28 becomes the first live marathon TV broadcast in Japan, lasting 10 hours 40 min.; next Jan. 1 leader Tsuneo Mori (1944-73) kills himself in prison. On Feb. 20 (eve.) the 1971 Okla. Blizzard in NW Okla. brings a record 36 in. of snow (until ?), leaving 20 ft. snowdrifts; it also hits the Tex. Panhandle. On Feb. 21 the 33-hour 15-min. Feb. 1971 Mississippi Delta Tornado Outbreak sees 19 tornadoes reported, killing 123 in three states, incl. the first F5 tornado in La. (until ?), causing $45.9M damage, becoming the 2nd deadliest tornado outbreak in Feb. after the 1884 Enigma tornado outbreak, later followed by the 2008 Super Tues. tornado outbreak. On Feb. 22 a Lufthansa jet en route from New Delhi to Athens is hijacked by five Palestinian Muslim terrorists, who free their hostages in Aden, Yemen on Feb. 23 after receiving a $5M ransom, and are never apprehended. On Feb. 22 Black Sept. sabotages the Esso Oil Pipeline near Hamburg, Germany for aiding the Israelis; on Mar. 5 they attack it again. On Feb. 23 after being acquitted of kidnapping, conspiracy, and murder, black Communist activist Angela Davis is released from jail. On Feb. 23 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 8-1 in Younger v. Harris that U.S. federal courts must abstain from hearing any civil rights tort claims by a person who is still being prosecuted by a state for a matter arising from that claim, which is later called the Younger Abstention, with Justice Black writing that the Court must have a "proper respect for state functions, a recognition of the fact that the entire country is made up of a Union of separate state governments, and a continuance of the belief that the National Government will fare best if the States and their institutions are left free to perform their separate functions in their separate ways." On Feb. 23 a Lufthansa Boeing 747 en route from New Delhi to Athens is hijacked over India and flown to Aden by five Palestinian terrorists, who demand the release of three Jordanians arrested for a shooting on Cologne on Feb. 6; the 172 passengers incl. 19-y.-o. Joseph Kennedy (son of Robert F. Kennedy) are released after a 16M German mark ransom is paid. On Feb. 24 Hanoi negotiators walk out of the peace talks in Paris to protest U.S. air raids on North Vietnam. On Feb. 24 Soviet nuclear sub K-19 (known as "Hiroshima" for all its bad luck) has a fire 800 mi. from Newfoundland, killing 28; the sub is finally decommissioned in 1991. On Feb. 24 after Nixon black operator Donald Henry Segretti (1941-) releases a fake letter on Muskie's letterhead falsely alleging that U.S. Sen. Henry "Scoop" Jackson had an illegitimate child with a 17-y.-o. girl, Repub. dirty trickster William "Bill" Loeb III (1905-81), publisher since 1946 of the N.H. Union Leader pub. Segretti's Canuck Letter Hoax two weeks before the N.H. primary, framing Polish-Am. Roman Catholic Maine Sen. (1959-80) Edmund Sixtus "Ed" Muskie (1914-96) for prejudice against French Canadians, causing him to defend himself in front of their offices in Manchester and allegedly break into tears, proving he isn't manly enough to be pres. material (it was really snowflakes?), ending his pres. run even though he leads supposedly unbeatable Nixon in opinion polls; gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson facetiously accuses him of using the hallucogenic drug Ibogaine; Segretti pleads guilty in 1974 to three counts of distributing illegal campaign lit. and is sentenced to 6 mo. in prison, serving four. On Feb. 25 Germany pays hijackers of a jumbo jet $5M to release the hostages. On Feb. 26 a coal sludge spill caused by a slag pile dam collapsing under torrential rains kills 125 (incl. 42 children), injures 1.1K, and swallows 502 homes and 42 mobile homes in 17 towns, leaving 4K homeless and causing $50M property damage along Buffalo Creek, W. Va. On Feb. 29 the French Connection of heroin smuggling from Marseille, France to New York City begins to be dismantled as French authorities seize the shrimp boat Caprice des Temps carrying 915 lb. (415kg) of heroin; drug arrests in France skyrocket from 57 in 1970 to 3,016 this year; too bad, they corrupt the New York City Police Dept., who substitute confiscated heroin with flour and cornstarch until insects are discovered eating it. On Feb. 29 columnist Jack Anderson pub. a newspaper article exposing the ITT-Dita Beard Memo, suggesting that the U.S. Justice Dept. settled an antitrust suit against IBM in exchange for a campaign contribution to the Repub. Nat. Convention in San Diego. In Feb. random searches are begun in Kennedy Airport in New York City to discourage hijackers. On Mar. 1 the Thai province of Yasothon is split off from the province of Ubon Ratchathani. On Mar. 1 a constitutional referendum is approved by 98.8% of voters after a 93% turnout, and on Mar. 10 King Hassan II of Morroco promulgates a new 1972 Moroccan Constitution, expanding the number of directly elected seats in parliament. On Mar. 2 the Norwegian Storting votes 45-2 to reject a constitutional amendment to abolish the monarchy. A form of scientist idolatry, or a smart scientific gamble, or a foolish one, inviting mean aliens to come and kick human butt? On Mar. 2 Pioneer 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 639-day 620M-mi. journey past Jupiter, using an Intel 4004 microprocessor as its brains, and carrying a plaque designed by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake showing two nude humans (dominant male and submissive female) plus some details of human civilization on Earth; after passing Jupiter it enters deep space, becoming the first manmade object to leave the Solar System; it is expected to reach the red star Aldebaran in Taurus in about 2M years; the last weak signal is received on Jan. 23, 2003. On Mar. 2 biracial (Irish-African) Michael Norman Manley (1924-97) becomes PM #4 of Jamaica (until Nov. 1, 1980), defeating incumbent Hugh Shearer (his cousin) with the slogans "better must come", "power to the people" and "a government of truth"; too bad, his Socialist program of privatization scares away foreign investment, and Jamaica begins to be taken over by violence. On Mar. 3 the Red Chinese ambassador to the U.N. lays claim to Hong Kong, Macao, and the uninhabited Senkalu Islands (contested with Japan); another Chinese U.N. delegate charges Japan with expansionism. On Mar. 3 sculptured figures of Confed. heroes Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson are completed on Stone Mountain, Ga. for the Daughters of the Confederacy (founded 1895); on Aug. 5, 1975 Pres. Ford obliges with a posth. pardon of Robert E. Lee. On Mar. 4 Libya and the Soviet Union sign a cooperation treaty. On Mar. 5 popular Greek "Zorba the Greek" composer Mikis Theodorakis (1925-) walks out of the Greek Communist Party. On Mar. 7 two men hijack a Grumman 73 owned by Chalk's Flying Service in Miami, Fla., and fly it to Cuba. On Mar. 12 the U.K. and People's Repub. of China agree to establish full diplomatic relations for the first time since 1950, and to talk about giving Hong Kong back to China. On Mar. 14 Pres. Nixon remarks "It's better to chase girls than boys" after columnist Jack Anderson reports that heroin-fighting ambassador Arthur Kittredge Watson (1919-74) had groped flight attendants on a trip home from Paris; a later Congressional investigation prompts Watson's resignation, although he is instrumental in getting the French Connection of heroin shipments from Marseille, France to New York City dismantled; meanwhile on Mar. 21 the U.S. Congress gives unanimous approval to the $80M U.S. Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act, focused on heroin treatment, creating the Nat. Inst. of Drug Abuse (NIDA) (later increasing funding to $600M), and gets Turkey to agree to stop growing opium poppies and Mexico to agree to cooperate in interdicting smugglers. On Mar. 17 Pres. Nixon asks Congress to halt the practice of busing in order to achieve desegregation. On Mar. 18 the British glam rock group T.Rex holds a concert at Wembley Empire Pool, later documented in Ringo Starr's 1972 film Born to Boogie. On Mar. 19 a man and woman hijack a Cessna 206 from Key West, Fla. to Cuba. On Mar. 21 the U.S. Supreme Court rules that states cannot require 1-year residency for voting eligibility. On Mar. 21 Turkish Muslim terrorists kidnap three NATO radar technicians (two British, one Canadian), demanding the release of three other terrorists, after which the police refuse their demands and storm them, killing 10 terrorists, but not before they execute their hostages. On Mar. 22 the U.S. Congress sends the proposed U.S. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the states for ratification, with the wording "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex"; too bad, despite (or because of?) women's libber marches and protests, it falls short of the two-thirds approval (38 states) needed by the 1982 deadline, after which it is reintroduced in every Congress until ?. On Mar. 22 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-1 in Eisenstadt v. Baird that unmarried people have the same right to possess contraceptives and obtain info. on birth control as married couples as part of their right to privacy, telling the state of Mass. that its law making it a felony is full of it, finishing the process started by Griswold v. Conn (1965), although it admits that states may prohibit and punish sex outside of marriage; Justices Lewis F. Powell Jr. and William Rehnquist are not yet sworn in so they don't vote. On Mar. 22 a train hits a school bus in Congers, N.Y., killing five and injuring five Nyack High School students, after which N.Y. state law is amended to require school vehicles to stop at all railroad crossings. On Mar. 23 the U.S. calls a halt to the Vietnam peace talks in Paris. On Mar. 24 The Godfather debuts in U.S. theaters. On Mar. 24 the British govt. announces the introduction of direct rule in Northern Ireland, shutting down the Northern Ireland parliament and the provisional govt. On Mar. 26 an avalanche on Mt. Fuji in Japan kills 19 climbers. On Mar. 26 the last trolleybus system in the U.S. closes in Bradford, West Riding, Yorkshire after 60 years of operation (June 20, 1911), becoming the longest-lived surviving trolleybus system on Earth, advancing #2 in Shanghai, China (opened in 1914) to #1. On Mar. 27 the comic strip Funky Winkerbean is debuted by King Features Syndicate, created by Thomas Martin "Tom" Batiuk (1947-), about students at Westview H.S. incl. Funky Winkerbean, Barry Balderman, star athlete Bull Bushka, band dir. Harry L. Dinkle, winless football coach John "Jack" Stropp, Crazy Harry Klinghorn (who lives in his locker), Lisa Crawford, Junebug, Leslie P. "Les" Moore, majorette Holly Budd et al.; early episodes feature a sentient school computer that's obsessed with Star Trek. On Mar. 30 after deciding that another Tet Offensive could demoralize U.S. public opinion and discredit the Vietnamization campaign, the North Vietnamese launch the Nguyen Hue (Easter) Offensive (ends Oct. 22), a 3-pronged invasion of South Vietnam with 120K-150K troops and 500 tanks (first massive use of Soviet T-54 tanks) (biggest in Vietnam since 1968, and biggest invasion since the Korean War); on Apr. 2 (Easter Sun.) USMC Capt. John Walter Ripley (1939-2008) destroys the Dong Ha Bridge by attaching 500 lb. of explosives to it while under heavy fire and chanting "Jesus, Mary, get me there", stopping the invasion; on May 1 30K North Vietnamese cross the DMZ and take Quang Tri City, becoming their first major V, causing 80 U.S. advisors to be evacuated, and the green South Vietnamese 3rd Div. to flee S to the Thach Han River, leaving Hue unguarded, after which the cmdr. resigns and/or is fired, and deserters loot Hue, causing 150K to flee, after which pres. Nguyen Van Thieu visits it and gives military police authority to shoot looters and arsonists; on May 8 Pres. Nixon orders Operation Linebacker I, massive B-52 raids on North Vietnam to punish it for agression, and orders U.S. planes to mine Haiphong and other North Vietnamese ports, causing many U.S. troops to balk at criminal genocide; meanwhile the ARVN beefs up to 742K soldiers, and on May 2 capable Lt. Gen. Ngo Quang Truong (1929-2007) replaces incompetent Gen. Hoang Xuan Lam (1928-), giving an order to execute all deserters (I require both shoes and shirt?); meanwhile the North Vietnamese send a 2nd wave out of Cambodia targeted at An Loc 60 mi. N of Saigon, which takes Loc Ninh on Apr. 5 and An Loc Airport on Apr. 7, and attempts to invade An Loc on May 11-12, only to be repelled by massed B-52 bombing, plus a 3rd wave that on May 14 attacks Kontum (gateway to the sea, allowing them to cut South Vietnam in half), intending to attack Pleiku, from which the U.S. 52nd Combat Aviation Battalion AKA the Flying Dragons had evacuated in Apr., only to be zonked bigtime by B-52 Stratofotress bombers, each of which can carry 108 500-lb. MK82 bombs; after all the B-52 strikes devastate them, the NVA goes into gen. retreat by May 17; on June 17 U.S. ground combat in Vietnam ends; on Dec. 18 for good measure Nixon orders a nice little 12-day Xmas bombing campaign in North Vietnam; too bad, the dependence of the South Vietnamese on U.S. air power is exposed, and when the U.S. pulls out they are left naked and defenseless against a new offensive. On Mar. 29 a bomb planted by Croatian Ustashi terrorists is planted in the office of the Yutogours travel agency in Stockholm. In Mar. Sudan's Muslim PM Jafir Muhammad Nimeiri signs the Addis Ababa Agreement, ends 17 years of hostilities in mainly Christian-animist S Sudan and grants the region autonomy, ending the First Sudanese Civil War (begun 1955) after 500K are killed. In Mar. the El Nino (Nińo) weather pattern off the W coast of South Am. (Peru) causes trade winds on the equator to turn around, driving away anchovies used for animal feeds, forcing soybean prices to rise. In Mar. Canada, Australia, and South Africa create a uranium cartel, lucking out with the 1973 Arab oil embargo and seeing yellowcake uranium prices zoom from $6 to $41 per lb. In Mar. the U.S. Equal Opportunity Commission (EOC) receives enforcement powers, and takes on Am. Telephone & Telegraph (ATT), calling it "without doubt the largest oppressor of women workers in the United States", forcing it to give $38M in back pay to women and black workers. On Apr. 1-13 the first ML Baseball Strike results in a $500K increase in pension fund payments and an agreement to add salary arbitration to the collective bargaining agreement; 86 games total are missed, and players are not paid for them, with most teams missing 6-8 games, and the San Diego Padres missing nine. On Apr. 3 Charlie Chaplin returns to the U.S. after being chased out for 20 years by the feds (J. Edgar Hoover and his FBI). On Apr. 3 the daytime soap opera Return to Peyton Place debuts on NBC-TV for 425 episodes (until Jan. 4, 1 974), based on the prime-time TV series and the 1959 Grace Metallious novel. On Apr. 7 Zanzibar's pres. (since 1964) Sheikh Abeid Karume (b. 1905) is assassinated, and on Apr. 11 Sheikh Aboud Jumbe Mwinyi (1920-2016) becomes pres. #2 of Zanzibar (until Jan. 30, 1984). On Apr. 7 Vietnam heli pilot Richard Floyd McCoy Jr. (1942-74) hijacks United Airlines Flight 855 (727) in Denver, Colo. with an unloaded pistol and toy grenade and extorts $500K; on Apr. 9 he is captured after he flies a heli for the Nat. Guard looking for the hijacker, and a driver who had picked him up earlier wearing a jumpsuit and carrying a duffel bag IDs him; after being given a 45-year sentence, he escapes on Aug. 10, 1974, then is killed in a shootout with police on Nov. 9, 1974 in Virginia Beach, Va.; in 1991 FBI agents Bernie Rhodes and Russell P. Calame pub. D.B. Cooper: The Real McCoy. On Apr. 7 after comedian Don Rickles performs at the Copacabana nightclub in New York City and repeatedly roasts Colombo mob boss Joseph "Joey" "Crazy Joe the Blond" Gallo (1929-72), who is in the audience, then is invited to his 43rd birthday celebration at Umberto's Clam House and declines, four gunmen walk into Umberto's and assassinate Gallo, incl. Frank "the Irishman" Sheeran (1920-2003), bodyguard of Jimmy Hoffa. On Apr. 9 the NBC Evening News, hosted by Frank McGee issues the soundbyte that Tex. is experiencing its worst drought since the 1950s. On Apr. 10 the 6.9 Qir Earthquake in Fars province of S Iran levels 58 villages and kills 5K in the Zagros Mts. On Apr. 10 the Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention, the world's first multilateral disarmament treaty banning production and use of an entire category of weapons (supplementing the 1925 Geneva Protocol) is opened for signatures by the U.S., Soviet Union and 70 other nations, to come into effect on Mar. 26, 1975; by June 2000 144 states sign, incl. all five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council; too bad, there is no mechanism for monitoring compliance. On Apr. 10 the 44th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1971 to 20th Century-Fox's (D'Antoni Productions) The French Connection, along with best dir. to William Friedkin, and best actor to Gene Hackman; best actress goes to Jane Fonda for Klute, best supporting actor to Ben Johnson, and best supporting actress to Cloris Leachman for The Last Picture Show. On Apr. 13 the Universal Postal Union recognizes the People's Repub. of China (PRC) as the only legitimate Chinese rep., locking out the Repub. of China (Taiwan). On Apr. 14 16 members of the Muhammed Mosque in New York City phone in a false alarm then ambush the responders, killing officer Phillip Cardillo and injuring three, becoming the first modern Muslim terrorist attack in the U.S.; mosque leader Louis Frrakhan and U.S. Rep. Charlie Rangel work a deal with the NYPD whereby they will leave the crime scene incl. evidence and suspects on a promise to deliver the suspects to a local police station that afternoon, which never happens; a year later a secret NYPD investigation produces the Blue Book AKA "Report and Analysis of the Muslim Mosque Incident of April 14, 1972", which is never given to the prosecutors of Lewis Dupree (Khalid Elamin Ali), who is tried for Cardillo's murder, resulting in a hung jury, followed by an acquittal in a 2nd trial; a police coverup?; the pattern begins of the FBI covering for Muslims by refusing to give the NYPD access to informants, and the mayor and police commissioner refusing to attend Cardillo's funeral. On Apr. 15 bombing of North Vietnam by the U.S. resumes. On Apr. 15-16 (night) the USIS office in Gothenburg, Sweden is firebombed; on Apr. 19 eight men wearing black ski masks use iron bars to break the glass in the entrance of the USIS Binat. Center in Barcelona, Spain. On Apr. 16 Apollo 16 blasts off on a voyage to the Moon, landing on Apr. 20; on Apr. 21 John Watts Young (1930-) and Charles Moss Duke Jr. (1935-) explore the surface while Thomas K. Mattingly II (1936-) orbits, setting a lunar rover speed record of 18 kmh/hr; it returns on Apr. 27 with 214 lbs. of Moon rocks after spending a record 71 hours 2 min. on the surface. On Apr. 16 U.S. B-52 planes bomb Haiphong and Hanoi in North Vietnam, becoming the first major raids since 1968; on Apr. 19 North Vietnamese MiG-21s attack U.S. destroyers as they shell coastal positions, causing heated debate in the U.S. Senate. On Apr. 16 the People's Repub. of China presents two pandas to the U.S. Nat. Zoo, Hsing-Hsing (d. 1999) and Ling-Ling (d. 1992); after the bamboo die-off and poaching, there are only about 1K left in the world. On Apr. 19 the Cuban Secret Army Org. bombs the Guild Theater in San Diego, Calif.; no one is injured. On Apr. 19 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 4-3 in Sierra Club v. Morton to reject a lawsuit by the Sierra Club seeking to block the development of a ski resort in Mineral King Valley in the Sierra Nevada Mts. because it has no standing under the U.S. Administrative Procedure Act; Justices Lewis F. Powell Jr. and William Rehnquist recuse themselves; dissenting Justice William O. Doulas writes the soundbyte that trees should be granted legal personhood, allowing them to sue for their own protection; after the court hints that the Sierra Club can amend their complaint based on club outings in the valley, they do it on June 23, causing Calif. gov. Ronald Reagan to withdraw support for the project in Aug., and the project is never developed. On Apr. 27 a non-confidence vote against West German chancellor Willy Brandt fails. On Apr. 27 journalist Robert Novak (1931-2009) pub. a syndicated column claiming that an unnamed Dem. Sen. (revealed in 2007 as Thomas Eagleton) had said "The people don't know McGovern is for amnesty, abortion and legalization of pot. Once middle America, Catholic middle America in particular finds this out, he's dead", after which McGovern is known as the candidate of "amnesty, abortion and acid"; he picks Eagleton as his running mate without knowing it was him? On Apr. 28 five Oxford colleges begin admitting women after 750 years; Radcliffe, the first all-women college at Oxford was founded in 1879; some Oxford colleges began admitting women in the 1920s; meanwhile this year Westminster School and other English public schools begin admitting girls. On Apr. 29 a referendum in France approves the enlargement of the European Economic Community (EEC). On Apr. 29 a free concert at Central Park in New York City in honor of the 4th anniv. of the Broadway musical "Hair" is followed by a dinner at the Four Seasons, where 13 Black Panther protesters and playwright Jim Rado are arrested for marijuana use and disturbing the peace. In Apr. Tutsi Pres. Michel Micombero of Burundi reneges on his promise of safe conduct for Hutu leader (former king) Ntare V and executes him, following with a bloodbath of 500K Hutus. In Apr. the U.S. govt. files suit against the three major TV networks for monopolizing prime-time entertainment with their own programs; the suits are dismissed in 1974 after the Nixon White House refuses to turn over subpoenaed records. In Apr. the Uruguyan Congress declares a "state of internal war", giving the U.S.-backed military unlimited powers to stamp out the Tupamaros, causing them to become kaput within a year. In Apr. the U.S. FDA issues a warning against use of L-tryptophan (found in turkey meat) as a food supplement to treat insomnia et al., citing studies linking it to growth retardation and bladder cancer, and linking its use to 72 deaths; the ban is never enforced. In Apr. hairy actor Burt Reynolds (1936-) advances his career by posing nude but unexposed on a bearskin rug for a Cosmopolitan mag. centerfold, becoming an icon of the Sexual Rev. On May 2 a fire in the Sunshine Silver Mine in Kellogg, Idaho kills 91. On May 2 super-corrupt J. Edgar Hoover (b. 1895) dies in Washington, D.C., and his body lies in state in the Captiol Rotunda; he is succeeded as acting FBI dir. by give-me-a-chance-to-be-corrupt Louis Patrick Gray III (1916-2005) (until 1973); on hearing of Hoover's death, Pres. Nixon utters in private taped conversation the immortal soundbyte "Jesus Christ! That old cocksucker!" On May 3 after the Turkish parliament in Ankara ratifies the death sentences of three Muslim terrorists convicted of kidnapping three U.S. servicemen in 1971, four Muslim terrorists plant bombs in the U.S. Base Civil Engineering facility in Ankara, Turkey, others bomb the Turkish tourist office in Sweden, and four Turkish students hijack a Turkish airliner en route to Sofia, surrending to Bulgarian authorities after demanding the release of the three convicts. On May 4-6 Michael Hansen hijacks a Boeing 737 en route from Salt Lake City to Los Angeles, Calif., ending up in Cuba after deciding against Hanoi. On May 5 Alitalia Flight 112 (DC-8) jet crashes into Mount Longa 3 mi. SW of Palermo, Sicily, killing 15. On May 7 gen. elections in Italy become the last gasp of Italian Fascists. On May 7 Hubert Maga turns over power in Dahomey to Justin Ahomadegbe-Tometin as required, but on Oct. 26 another army coup ousts the ruling triumvirate and installs Lt. Col. Mathieu Kerekou (Kérékou) (1933-2015) as pres. of Dahomey (until Apr. 4, 1991, then Apr. 4, 1996-Apr. 6, 2006), who becomes known for his brainy quotes, incl. "Poverty is not a fatality"; he at first states that the country will not "burden itself by copying foreign ideology" and doesn't want Capitalism, Communism, or Socialism, but has its own brand of Dahomeanism, then on Nov. 30 he announces that the country is officially Marxist-Leninist, nationalizes the petroleum industry and banks, and next Nov. 30 announces that the Party of the People's Rev. of Benin is being formed to mark the first anniv. of his "new society", officially changing the country's name to People's Repub. of Benin on Nov. 30, 1975 in commemoration of the 17th cent. C.E. Benin Empire; he converts to Islam in 1980 and changes his first name to Ahmed, then changes it back, claiming to be a born-again Christian - based on Marxist-Leninist or Cadillac-Lincoln principles? On May 8-9 four Arab Black Sept. terrorists (two men, two women) hijack a Sabena Belgian World Airlines Boeing 707 carrying 100 passengers en route from Vienna to Tel Aviv, then land in Tel Aviv, demanding the release of 317 Palestinian terrorists, causing Israel to respond with Operation Isotope, where 16 Israeli paratroopers disguised as maintenance workers storm them, killing the men and capturing the women; five passengers are wounded, and one (female) later dies; after being sentenced to life in prison, the female terrorists are exchanged for Israeli prisoners during the 1982 Lebanon War. On May 9 U.S. rep. (D.-N.Y.) Bella Abzug introduces a resolution calling for the impeachment of Pres. Nixon for mining North Vietnamese harbors. On May 9 a fuel bomb is thrown against the entrance to the U.S. embassy in London. On May 10 four Muslims set off two firebombs in the U.S. Trade Center in Paris. On May 11 the Red Army Faction explodes several bombs at the HQ of the U.S. Army 5th Corps in West Germany, killing Col. Paul Bloomquist and wounding 13 others. On May 11 British refrigeration ship STV Royston Grange, carrying Argentine beef collides head-on with a Liberian tanker near Montevideo, Uruguay on the Rio de la Plata, killing all 74 aboard the British ship, becoming the worst ship disaster of the cent. on that river. On May 13 a fire in a nightclub on the top floor of the Sennichi Dept. Store in Osaka, Japan kills 118. On May 15 Okinawa is returned to Japan by the U.S. after 27 years of military occupation (since 1945). On May 15 Clio, Ala.-born U.S. Dem. pres. candidate George Corley Wallace Jr. (1919-98) is shot 3x by Milwaukee, Wisc.-born Arthur Herman Bremer (1950-) while campaigning at the Laurel Shopping Center in Laurel, Md., with one bullet lodging in his spine; three others are wounded; Wallace survives as a paraplegic and finishes 3rd in Nov.; on Aug. 4 Bremer, who previously tried to assassinate Pres. Nixon is sentenced to 63 years for attempted murder, reduced on appeal to 53 years; Wallace goes on to become Ala. gov. 4x (4-term Ala. gov., 1963-7, 1971-9, 1983-7). On May 16 the Internat. Money Market (IMM), the first financial derivatives (currency and interest rate futures and options) exchange opens on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. On May 17 Milan police commissioner Luigi Calabresi (b. 1937) is shot and killed on his way to work by anarchist org. Lotta Continua in reprisal for the 1969 killing of anarchist Giuseppe "Pino" Pinelli (1928-69), after which Italy goes into an era of political violence by left and right that kills hundreds (ends 1989). On May 18 a bogus bomb threat causes four British paratroopers to parachute onto the Queen Elizabeth 2 in the Atlantic Ocean 1K mi. from Britain. On May 19 North Vietnamese, Chinese, Soviet, and Mongolian reps. meet in Beijing to speed aid to North Vietnam. On May 19 three of six bombs set by the Red Army Faction explode in the Springer Press Bldg. in Hamburg, Germany, injuring 17; another bomb explodes in the Springer Press Paris office on Mar. 6, 1975, with the 6 March group of the Red Army Faction demanding amnesty for the Baader-Meinhof Gang. On May 20 the S part of British Cameroon joins with French Cameroon as the United Repub. of Cameroon, with Ahmadou Ahidjo (1924-89), a northerner and ardent Muslim as pres. On May 21 (Sun.) the Emergency March on Washington in Washington, D.C., organized by the Nat. Peace Action Coalition and the People's Coalition for Peace and Justice to protest increased bombing of North Vietnam by the U.S. along with the mining of its harbors draws 8K-15K. On May 21 Hungarian-born Australian geologist Laszlo Toth (1940-) attacks Michelangelo's "Pieta" statue in Rome with a sledgehammer while shouting "I am Jesus Christ, risen from the dead", knocking off her arm at the elbow, plus a chunk of her nose and one eyelid before being wrestled to the ground; after being declared insane, he is committed to an Italian psychiatric hospital next Jan. 29, and released on Feb. 9, 1975, then deported to Australia, and is immortalized by "Father Guido Sarducci on SNL" actor Don Novello in The Laszlo Letters (1992). On May 22 island nation Ceylon (pop. 13M), "the Jewel of the Indian Ocean" changes its name to the traditional Sri Lanka ("resplendent island"), and becomes a Socialist repub. with a new 1972 Sri Lankan Constitution replacing the 1948 one, incl. free rice and wheat flour rations; the flag features four bo leaves to symbolize Buddhism; too bad, tension builds between the mostly Hindu Tamil minority (19%) and the mostly Buddhist Sinhalese majority (74%) and Moors (7%), and on May 23 the Tamil United Liberation Front is founded to seek independence, resulting in a bloody struggle that finally comes crashing down in 2009. On May 22 U.S. Pres. Nixon and Soviet PM Leonid Brezhnev hold their First U.S.-Soviet Summit in Moscow, becoming the first visit of a U.S. pres. to the Soviet Union since 1945; on May 26 they conclude 2.5 years of negotiations (since Nov. 17, 1969) by signing the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) I Agreement, prepared by Soviet diplomat Vladimir Semenovich Semyonov (1911-92), limiting each country to only two anti-ballistic missile (ABM) deployment areas, with no nat. ABM defense, and qualitative improvement of ABM technology limited; the summit ends on May 30; the U.S. Senate ratifies the agreement on Aug. 3, to go into force on Oct. 3; the total world arsenal of nuclear weapons contains approx. 10 gigatons (10B tons) of TNT of explosive power; meanwhile Nixon visits Tehran and Warsaw. On May 22 Cecil Day-Lewis (b. 1904) (AKA detective writer Nicholas Blake) dies, and self-described "poet and hack" (Oxford flunk-out) Sir John Betjeman (1906-84) becomes poet laureate of England, the first knight bachelor (since 1969) ever appointed, becoming one of the most popular. On May 24 a bomb set by the Red Army Faction explodes in the U.S. Army Campbell Barracks in Heidelberg, West Germany, killing three U.S. soldiers. On May 26 German-born rocket scientist Wernher von Braun retires from NASA after becoming frustrated at its refusal to continue the manned space program. On May 26 the First Watergate Break-In is staged while Dem. Nat. Committee (DNC) chmn. Lawrence Francis "Larry" O'Brien Jr. (1917-90) is at the Ameritas Dinner in Miami, Fla., allegedly to find evidence that the Cuban govt. is supplying money to the Dem. Party; after it allegedly fails, a 2nd attempt is made on May 27, which also allegedly fails. On May 27 an African Liberation Day March against Apartheid in South Africa draws 60K in cities across the U.S., Canada, and the Caribbean, and 30K in Washington, D.C. On May 30 three militants of the Japanese Red Army hired by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine stage a machine gunand hand-grenade attack on the Lod Airport near Tel Aviv, Israel, killing 24 and wounding 76; two are killed, and on July 17 Kozo Okamoto (1947-) is sentenced to life in prison; on July 23, 2010 a U.S. federal court in Puerto Rico finds North Korea liable for the attack, and orders it to pay $378M in damages to two families who filed suit. On May 30 the British Communist-anarchist Angry Brigade goes on trial for 25 bombings since 1970, mainly targeting banks, dembassies and the homes of Tory MPs, slightly injuring one person; the publicized trial lasts until Dec. 6, with four receiving 10-year sentences, and several found not guilty, incl. Angela Mason (1944-), who goes on to become dir. of the gay pressure group Stonewall in 1992-2002. In May after massive protests in the lemur land of Malagasy Repub. (Madagascar), pres. (since 1959) Philibert Tsiranana is ousted by an army coup led by Maj. Gen. Gabriel dRamanantsoa (1906-78), who on Oct. 11 becomes pres.-PM (until Feb. 5, 1975), going on to try in vain to ease ethnic and class tensions. In May OPEC meets in Algiers; U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia (Nov. 7, 1973 -Feb. 10, 1975) James Elmer Akins (1926-2010), who attends it predicts the 1973 oil embargo, noting that they have figured how how dependent the U.S. is on them, and realize how "oil in the ground is as good as oil in the bank"; in 1994 he utters the soundbyte "Our foreign policy was so pro-Israel that we alienated the Arabs, yet our energy policy, such as it was, made us dependent on Arab oil"; in 1979 he warns of a "growing wave of anti-Americanism" in Saudi Arabia that led to 9/11. In May the Chiapas-Tabasco Oil Field in Mexico is discovered, becoming the largest in the Western Hemisphere, with proven reserves of 16.8B barrels by 1978, and the potential of up to 120B barrels. 6, 6 * (6+6) (June, '72) becomes a mini-Armageddon for the U.S. political system? On June 1 Iraq nationalizes its oil industry, starting with Iraq Petroleum's field in Kirkuk, telling them and other Western-owned oil cos. to stuff it; Iraq Petroleum strikes an agreement with Iraq, recognizing nationalization of its fields, paying $345M in back taxes in return for receiving 15M tons of oil and helping it boost production to 3M barrels/day; the Compaigne Francaise des Petroles buys 23.75% of Iraq's annual oil output; by 1979 Iraq ranks #2 among Persian Gulf states in oil production, with oil revenues providing 90% of total revenues and 98% of foreign exchange (the Iran-Iraq War cuts them in half). On June 2 Red Army Faction members Andreas Bernd Baader (1943-77), Jan-Carl Raspe (1944-7), Holger Meins (1941-74) et al. are arrested after a shootout in Frankfurt am Main, West Germany; on June 15 members Ulrike Marie Meinhof (1934-76) and Gerhard Muller (Müller) are arrested in an apt. in Langenhagen, West Germany; on Nov. 9, 1974 Meins dies in prison on a hunger strike, after which philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre visits Baader in Stammheim Prison in Stuttgart and later calls him an "asshole"; on May 8, 1976 Meinhof hangs herself in prison; in 1977 Raspe, Baader, and his babe Gudrun Ensslin die in their cells, officially ruled suicide; their PLO-backed gang continues terrorist operations in Europe until 1998. On June 3 Sally Jane Priesand (1946-) becomes the first woman U.S. rabbi after she is ordained by Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio; she becomes the rabbi of Monmouth Reform Temple in Tinton Falls, N.J. until her June 2006 retirement. On June 5-6 after the Soviet Union dissolves in 1991, ending the balance of powers era of internat. relations, and 152 experts from 58 countries submit data for the report "Only One Earth: The Care and Maintenance of a Small Planet", the U.N. Conference on the Human Environment of reps. from 114 nations (with the slogan "Only One Earth") meets in Stockholm, Sweden, and agrees on 200 points regarding environmental improvement, proclaiming a declaration of 26 principles on June 16, and agreeing to a Global Governance Agenda, with a plan for a permanent secretariat to coordinate progress; China insists that pop. is not a world problem; China and France insist on the right to stage atmospheric nuclear tests; the U.S. refuses to spend money on internat. environmental problems; the U.N. founds the U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP) in Nairobi, Kenya (first U.N. agency with HQ in the Third World), with Socialist (globalist Marxist) Canadian oil exec ("Father of the Global Environmental Movement") Maurice Frederick Strong (1929-2015) (member of the Malthusian Club of Rome) as dir. #1 (until 1976), who utters the soundbytes: "Isn't the only hope for the planet that the industrialized civilizations collapse? Isn't it our responsibility to bring that about?", "It is the responsibility of each human being today to choose between the force of darkness and the force of light. We must therefore transform our attitudes, and adopt a renewed respect for the superior laws of Divine Nature", and "Current lifestyles and consumption patterns of the affluent middle class - involving high meat intake, use of fossil fuels, appliances, air-conditioning, and suburban housing - are not sustainable"; too bad, his real agenda is pop. reduction via abortion et al., fueled by his devotion to New Age pagan religion, run from the New Age Manitou Centre on the 200K-acre Baca Ranch near Crestone, Colo. (founded 1978), which spawns several other pagan centers; in 1992 Strong becomes chmn. of Ontario Hydro, going on to destroy Ontario's economy, taking it from the top performer among Canada's provinces to the bottom; the UNEP goes on to underpin the U.N. effort to use CO2-driven global warming as the excuse for massive transfer of wealth from wealthy to poor countries; "What's truly alarming about Maurice Strong is his actual record. Strong's persistent calls for an international mobilization to combat environmental calamities, even when they are exaggerated (population growth) or scientifically unproven (global warming), have set the world's environmental agenda" (Neil Hrab); "Strong was using the U.N. as a platform to sell a global environment crisis and the Global Governance Agenda" (Elaine Dewar). On June 6 a coal mine explosion in the world's largest coal mine in Wankie, Rhodesia kills 427. On June 8 terrorists (7 men, 3 women) hijack a plane from West Germany to Czech. On June 8 U.S. heli pilot Capt. John Plummer (1947-) (an operations officer) orders the bombing of the village of Trang Bang, Vietnam 25 mi. W of Saigon; AP photographer Huynh Cong "Nick" Ut (1951-) takes a photo of screaming children suffering from napalm, incl. cute little naked 9-y.-o. Phan Thi Kim Phuc (1963-), drawing internat. attention; the injured children are taken to a hospital in Saigon, and Phan returns home after 14 mo. and 17 operations, after which she becomes a North Vietnamese propaganda tool, studies medicine, converts to Christianity in 1982, and emigrates to Canada in 1992; after seeing it pub. in the newspaper on June 12, 1972 Tricky Dicky tells H.R. Haldeman that he thinks the photo was "fixed"; in 1998 Plummer, a pastor at Bethany United Methodist Church in Purcellville, Va. meets with Phuc at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C., and she forgives him, after which he admits that he lied about ordering the attack, because the plane that dropped the bombs was piloted by a South Vietnamese pilot, meaning that it was Vietnamese burning their own countrymen, and it was the Americans that saved her - with all these subliminal kiddie porno associations it's a sure winner? On June 9-10 the Canyon Lake Dam in the Black Hills near Rapid City, S.D. breaks in a torrential rainstorm, causing a flash flood that kills 237 and causes $160M in damage. On June 10-20 Hurricane Agnes, the first tropical storm of the season rampages along the E seaboard of the U.S., leaving 134 dead, 115K homeless, and causing $3.5B in damage; on June 26 after $9.2M hurricane damage, becoming the worst nat. disaster in U.S. history (until 2005); on June 23 the Susquehanna River breaks its dikes, flooding the Wyoming Valley and devastating the Wilkes-Barre, Penn. area; later the Erie Lackawanna Railroad files for bankruptcy. On June 12 George Pratt Shultz (1920-) becomes U.S. treasury secy. #62 (until May 8, 1974). On June 12 Popeyes Famous Fried Chicken (Popeyes Famous Fried Chicken & Biscuits) (originally Popeyes Mighty Good Fried Chicken) (too poor to afford an apostrophe?) fast food restaurants is founded in Arabi (near New Orleans), La. by Alvin Charles "Al" Copeland (1944-2008), who begins adding Cajun-style cayenne pepper to his Chicken on the Run recipes, renaming his restaurant after Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle in the 1971 film "The French Connection"; on Feb. 7, 1997 novelist Anne Rice pub. a full-page ad in the New Orleans Times-Picayune calling a new Popeyes restaurant in a poor area of New Orleans "hideous", "a monstrosity", and "nothing short of an abomination"; by 2005 it has 1,118 restaurants in 28 countries, expanding to 2.5K in 30 countries by 2015; in 2008 Copeland dies in Munich, Germany of a salivary gland tumor; in 2009 Annie the Chicken Queen becomes the spokesman. On June 15-18 the first Libertarian Party Nat. Convention in the U.S. is held in Denver, Colo. On June 16 two passenger trains collide with debris from a collapsed railway tunnel near Soissons, France, killing 108. On June 16-18 Hong Kong experiences its worst deluge in 83 years, killing 100 in mudslides. On June 17 Chilean pres. Salvador Allende forms a new govt. The Watergate break-in becomes the Democrats' Big Silver Bird? On June 17 (Sat.) (2:00 a.m.) the Watergate Scandal begins when five men are arrested by D.C. police for breaking into the Dem. Nat. Committee HQ in the Watergate Complex in Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C. (built in 1962-71), on the Georgetown Channel not far from the White House at the intersection of Virginia Ave., New Hampshire Ave., and Rock Creek & Potomac Pkwy. after black night watchman Frank Wills (1948-2000) finds and removes some duct tape from a door lock, returns and finds it put back, the calls police; the arrested Watergate Burglars incl. Bernard Leon Barker (1917-2009) (ex-member of the Batista Cuban secret police) (the fake Secret Service agent on the Grassy Knoll in Dallas on Nov. 22, 1963?), electronics expert James Walter McCord Jr. (1924-), Eugenio R. "Musculito" Martinez (1924-) (Cuban), Frank Anthony Sturgis (Fiorini) (1924-93) (Am. who worked in Cuba), and Virgilio R. Gonzalez (1926-) (Cuban), who are carrying cameras and electronic surveillance equipment (their 2nd break-in, with the mission of removing bugs they had placed the 1st time); on June 17 after being put up to it by Jeb Stuart Magruder (1934-), deputy dir. of the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP), who was put up to it by former U.S. atty.-gen. #67 (1969-72) John Newton Mitchell (1913-88) (chmn. of CREEP, Nixon's campaign mgr., and WWII cmdr. of JFK's PT boat unit), former FBI agent and atty. George Gordon Battle Liddy (1930-2021) (mastermind of the burglary, who supervised it from a hotel across the street) approaches U.S. atty.-gen. #68 (1972-3) Richard Gordon Kleindienst (1923-2000) (born in Winslow, Ariz.) at a private golf club in Bethesda, Md. and asks him to get the burglars released and to help coverup that it traces to CREEP, and although he doesn't get them released, he also fails to rat on them, which would have broken the case open for the public, causing him to hang on until Nixon fires him as a patsy; on June 19 Mitchell says that they were not "operating either on our behalf or with our consent"; on June 19 White House press secy. Ronald Louis Ziegler calls the break-in a "third-rate burglary"; the scandal begins after CREEP and White House consultant Everette Howard Hunt (1918-2007), consultant to pres. special counsel (1969-73) Charles Wendell "Chuck" Colson (1931-2012) until Mar. 29, and known for directing CIA activities against Fidel Castro are linked to the burglars, starting with Hunt's number being found in the burglars' address books, with the White House admitting that Hunt met Barker earlier in June; on June 20 Nixon tells Colson that he has a "dangerous job"; Hunt, Liddy, and Seattle, Wash. atty. Egil "Bud" Krogh Jr. (1939-) later reveal that they were created in June-July 1971, and named the White House Plumbers by Henry Kissinger's former aide David Young (1936-) for their work in plugging leaks, and claim that Hunt recruited four of the five burglars (except McCord) from a team who worked on the Bay of Pigs invasion in order to see if Castro was making contributions to the McGovern campaign; meanwhile Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward (1943-) and Carl Bernstein (1944-), working for "Woodstein!"-shouting ed.-in-chief (1965-91) Benjamin Crowninshield "Ben" Bradlee (1921-2014) and publisher Katharine Graham (1917-2001) are assigned to the arraignment of the Watergate burglars, after which they meet with mysterious govt. figure "Deep Throat", deputy FBI dir. William Mark Felt Sr. (1913-2008) (who keeps his identity secret until 2005), who tells them to "follow the money", and makes Woodward stick a red flag in his balcony flower pot to request meetings, and they soon lock-on to the trail leading straight to the Oval Office, causing every political scandal in the U.S. to be tokenized into some kind of "-gate"; on Aug. 30, 2016 the CIA document Working Draft - CIA Watergate History is declassified, revealing that Eugenio Martinez was "actively being paid by the CIA at the time of the arrests on June 17, 1972" to do the break-in. On June 18 British European Airways Flight BE548 (Trident 1) en route from London to Brussels crashes 2 min. after takeoff in a field in Staines, killing all 188 aboard, becoming the worst British aviation disaster (until ?). On June 19 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 8-1 in U.S. v. U.S. District Court (Keith Case) that a warrant needs to be obtained before beginning electronic surveillance even if domestic security issues are involved, but not foreign intel operations, because the "inherent vagueness of the domestic security concept" is trumped by the Fourth Amendment, with Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr. writing the soundbyte: "History abundantly documents the tendency of Government - however benevolent and benign its motives - to view with suspicion those who most fervently dispute its policies. Fourth Amendment protections become the more necessary when the targets of official surveillance may be those suspected of unorthodoxy in their political beliefs. The danger to political dissent is acute where the Government attempts to act under so vague a concept as the power to protect 'domestic security'. Given the difficulty of defining the domestic security interest, the danger of abuse in acting to protect that interest becomes apparent"; William Rehnquist recuses himself. One way or another, I'm gonna getcha getcha getcha getcha? On June 20 Pres. Nixon and aide H.R. Haldeman discuss Watergate in the Smoking Gun Conversation; later prosecutors find an 18.5-min. gap in the White House tape (#342) of the conversation, allegedly erased accidentally (on purpose) on Oct. 1, 1973 by Nixon's secy. Rose Mary Woods (1917-2005). On June 20 Pres. Nixon names Gen. Creighton Williams Abrams Jr. (1914-74) (known as "Colonel Abe" in WWII for his brilliant tank tactics) as CIC of the U.S. armed forces; the Senate holds up the appointment until Oct. to protest the war in Cambodia; after all the trouble, he dies of lung cancer in Sept. 1974 after beginning the transition to an all-dope, er, all-volunteer army. On June 23 after lobbying by women's rights activist Bernice Resnick "Bunny" Sandler (1928-2019) (coiner of the terms "gang rape" and "chilly campus climate") and sponsorship by U.S. rep. (D-Or.) Edith Green, U.S. Rep. (D-Hawaii) Patsy Mink, and U.S. Rep. (D-Ind.) Birch Bayh, Pres. Nixon signs the Title IX, U.S. Education Amendments of 1972, banning sex discrimination in schools receiving federal funds, which is later used to pump up female enrollment in prof. schools and athletics programs; it also authorizes the Pell Grant Program, named for U.S. Sen. (D-R.I.) (1961-97) Claiborne da Borda Pell (1918-2009), giving financial aid to undergrads. On June 23 (Fri.) Pres. Nixon and White House chief of staff H.R. Haldeman discuss a plan to use the CIA to obstruct the FBI's investigation of Watergate, with Nixon uttering the soundbyte: "The only way to solve this, and we're set up beautifully to do it, is for us to have [Deputy CIA Dir. Vernon] Walters call [FBI Dir. Pat] Gray and say stay the hell out of this... [The CIA] should call the FBI and say that we wish, for the good of the country, don't look any further into this case, period." On June 23 unemployed U.S. vet Martin J. McNally (1942-) hijacks Am. Airlines Flight 119 (Boeing 727) over Tulsa, Okla., then parachutes out over Ind. with $502K in ransom money, which he loses and is found by a farmer, after which he is captured and sentenced to two life terms. On June 28 Nixon announces that no new draftees will be sent to Vietnam - TLW Day? On June 29 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Furman v. Georgia (a black rapist) that the death penalty is unconstitutional as possible "cruel and unusual punishment", causing state capital punishment laws to be revised; the U.S. joins 37 other countries in abolishing the death penalty, leaving only France and Spain in Europe; "These death sentences are cruel and unusual in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual... My concurring brothers have demonstrated that, if any basis can be discerned for the selection of these few to be sentenced to death, it is the constitutionally impermissible basis of race." (Potter Stewart) On June 29 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Gravel v. U.S. that the Congressional Speech or Debate Clause extends to Congressional aides, but not to activity outside the legislative process; dissenting Justice Potter Stewart wants it to cover testimony before a grand jury about preparing for legislative acts. On June 29 (9th anniv. of his coronation) Pope Paul VI utters the soundbyte that "the smoke of Satan" has entered the Church. On June 30 Opryland USA, "Home of American Music" in Nashville, Tenn. opens, going on to operate from Mar. to Oct., plus Dec. starting in 1993, reaching 2.5M annual attendance before closing on Dec. 31, 1997. On June 30 Mount Copeland in British Columbia reports 964 in. of snowfall in the 1971/2 season (began July 1), becoming the greatest snowfall in Canada in one season (until ?). On June 30 at midnight GMT one sec. is added to clocks worldwide to bring them in line with atomic clocks, becoming the first time in history that a leap second is added to clocks - just like a mini-Armageddon, starting time over? In June the French Socialist Party and French Communist Party establish a Common Program of nationalizing nine major industrial groups. In June the Boston Herald traveller newspaper closes, followed by the Washington D.C. Daily News in mid-July; New York City is the only remaining U.S. city with more than two separately owned general circulation daily newspapers - and this is before video games, MTV, and the Internet? On July 1 the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) becomes independent of the IRS under the U.S. Treasury Dept.; the IRS gained control over alcohol in the post-Am. Rev. era, tobacco during the U.S. Civil War, and firearms during the Great Depression; on Jan. 24, 2003 it is transferred to the U.S. Justice Dept., with explosives added to its name. On July 1 Col. Arturo Armando Molina (1927-) becomes pres. of El Salvador (until July 1, 1977), going on to begin the first land reform in the country's history in 1975. On July 1 the Greenpeace ship Vega runs into the French minesweeper La Paimpolaise in internat. waters to protect French nuke tests in the South Pacific. On July 2 the Simla Agreement between India and Pakistan ends fighting over Kashmir, and promises a peaceful resolution; India controls a majority of the territory of Kashmir, maintaining its claim of sovereignty over the whole state. On July 3 Somalia executes Gen. Muhammad Ainanshe Gulaid, Gen. Salad Gaveir, and Col. Abdulkadir ibn Abdulla in Mogadishu for a coup attempt in 1971. On July 4-7 the first worldwide bohemian hippie counterculture Rainbow Gathering is held in Colo. on nat. forest land by 20K, featuring drugs, nudity, with the use of money prohibited. On July 5-30 Category 5 Typhoon Rita (Gloring) starts SE of Guam, intensifies on July 9 W of the Mariana Islands, and reaches a peak intensity on July 11, hitting the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, China, and Mongolia and causing 377 deaths and $445M damage; in July 1972 the 1972 Philippines Flood sees the Philippines have its rainiest mo. since Aug. 1919; Manila receives almost 62 in. of monsoon rains, and floods kill 775, cause 60M in damage, and leave thousands homeless. On July 6 WWII hero Pierre Joseph Auguste Messmer (1916-2007) becomes PM #154 of France (until May 27, 1974), going on to propose the Messmer Plan to accelerate development of the civilian nuclear industry - messy energy is better than no energy? On July 7 Japanese PM (since 1964) Eisaku Sato resigns after 7.5 years in office, and Kakuei Tanaka (1918-93) of the ruling Liberal Dem. Party becomes PM of Japan (until Dec. 9, 1974), becoming the first non-univ. law school prof. to become PM since WWII; a contractor, he goes on to "remodel the Japanese archipelago" by moving the industry and workforce from the Tokyo-Osaka-Nagoya megapolis to the country, but later stinks himself up by tipping off his contractor friends on upcoming contracts, becoming known as "the Paragon of Postwar Corruption" and "the Shadow Shogun"; in Aug. he meets with U.S. Pres. Nixon; in Sept. he meets with Chinese PM Zhou Enlai in Beijing and establishes diplmatic relations. On July 7 Athenagoras I (b. 1886) dies, and Dimitrios (Demetrius) I (1914-91) is elected ecumenical patriarch #269 of Constantinople (until 1991). On July 7 Harold Bingham Lee (1899-1973) becomes pres. #11 of the Mormon Church (until Dec. 26, 1973) after Joseph Fielding Smith Jr. (b. 1876) dies on July 2 - the Grumpy Old White Men Club? On July 7 English-born Provisional IRA leader Sean Mac Stiofain (Seán Mac Stíofáin) (John Stephenson) (1928-2001) holds secret talks with the British govt., giving the IRA's demands incl. unconditional release of all political prisoners, declaration of intent to withdraw from Northern Ireland by Jan. 1975, and a democracy consisting of all the people of Ireland voting together as a unit, which are all rejected, causing the IRA to ramp-up its campaign; on Nov. 19 Stiofain is arrested in Dublin after giving a TV interview to RTE's This Week, and on Nov. 25 after the interview is used as evidence of IRA membership he is sentenced to 6 mo. in Curragh Prison, where he goes on a hunger strike amid protests in Dublin; he is released in Apr. 1973 after losing his influence in the IRA. On July 8 the U.S. sells $750M worth of grain to the hungry Soviet Union. On July 10 an elephant stampede in the Chandka Forest in India kills 24. On July 10-13 the youthful-radical-laden 1972 Dem. Nat. Convention is held in Miami Beach Convention Center in Miami Beach, Fla.; on July 12 after the Dem. Party self-destructs, and all the leading figures (Edward Kennedy, Edmund Muskie, Hubert Humphrey) decline or fade in the primaries, little-known liberal, anti-war, neo-isolationist S.D. Sen. (1963-81) George Stanley McGovern (1922-) wins the pres. nomination on the 1st ballot, promising immediate complete withdrawal of U.S. troops from South Vietnam, with the campaign slogn "Come Home, America"; after Wisc. Sen. Gaylord Nelson (founder of Earth Day in 1970) turns it down, he picks Mo. Dem. Sen. (1968-87) (Roman Catholic) Thomas Francis "Sparky" Eagleton (1929-2007) as his vice-pres. running mate; he later discovers that he had been hospitalized for mental illness and been on Thorazine and undergone shock therapy, he intially decides to back him "1000%". On July 11 U.S. forces break the 95-day siege at An Loc in Vietnam. On July 15 Furnace Creek, Calif. records the world record ground surface temp of 201F (93.9C) (until ?). On July 15 the Pruitt-Igloe Housing Development in St. Louis, Mo. designed by Minoru Yamasaki (built in 1955) is demolished, with the mayor calling it "a complete and colossal failure"; Yamasaki follows it with the WTC? On July 17 the Honolulu Advertiser carries an article by Saul Mendlovitz, prof. of internat. law at Rutgers U., in which he says: "It is no longer a question of whether or not there will be world government by the year 2000. My own indication is that we are moving very rapidly towards this state." On July 18 Egyptian pres. Anwar Sadat orders 20K Soviet military advisers out of the country and opens secret negotiations with the U.S., trying to get it to influence Israel to return occupied regions in return for Egyptian help in ridding the Middle East of Soviet involvement. On July 18-49 31 days of continuous rains in the Philippines is "attributed to the theft of the statue of the child Jesus" (Jason Roberts as Ben Bradlee in the film "All the President's Men"). On July 19 the U.S. enters the internat. money market, selling German marks at decreasing prices in an effort to shore up the dollar. On July 21 (Fri.) (2:10 p.m. local time) Bloody Fri. sees the Provisional IRA explodes 22 bombs in Belfast in a 75-min. period, killing two British soldiers and seven civilians, and injuring 130 more civilians; on July 31 (4:00 a.m.) Operation Motorman sees 12K British soldiers with tanks and bulldozers retake "no-go" areas controlled by the IRA; on July 31 a car bomb in Claudy, County Londonderry, North Ireland kills nine civilians; no group claims credit. On July 21 two passenger trains crash head-on in Seville, Spain, killing 76. On July 21 Am. comedian George Carlin (1937-2008) is arrested at the Milwaukee, Wisc. Summerfest for obscenity for reciting his famous "Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television", causing him to call them the "Milwaukee Seven"; charges are dismissed in Dec., after which the FCC fines Pacifica Foundation FM radio station in New York City next year for airing his routine, causing them to fight to the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court, which on July 3, 1978 rules 5-4 in FCC vs. Pacifica Foundation that the routine is "indecent but not obscene", but that the FCC has the authority to prohibit it during hours when pesky children are likely to be listening; in 2006 Carlin says "No, we haven't made any progress. We're going backwards." On July 22 the Soviet Union lands its 2nd unmanned spacecraft on the surface of Venus, from which it transmits data for 50 min. On July 23 the NASA Landsat-1 satellite is launched with a multi-spectrum infared Earth imaging scanner, becoming the first Earth resources satellite. On July 28 the 1972 British Dock Strike by 42K dockers begins in protest of the use of container ships; it prevents exports from leaving the country until Aug. 17, and ends by Aug. 22. On July 31 despite a Time mag. poll that claims that 77% of respondents say his medical record won't affect their vote, Sen. Thomas Eagleton withdraws as McGovern's running mate over allegations that he was hospitalized 3x for manic depression and got two electroshock treatments, and is replaced on Aug. 8 by Robert Sargent "Sarge" Shriver Jr. (1915-2011); too bad, McGovern's slow handling of the Eagleton case is used by Repub. to raise questions about his judgment, contributing to his landslide defeat; Eagleton is reelected in 1974 and 1980. In July the Philippines has its rainiest mo. since Aug. 1919; Manila receives almost 62 in. of monsoon rains, and floods kill hundreds and leave thousands homeless. In July-Nov. Yugoslavia tries and sentences Croatian nationalists for offenses against the state, while leaders of the Communist League of Croatia are purged from the Yugoslavian Communist Party and state posts. On Aug. 1 Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein make their first breakthrough, reporting a link between the Watergate burglary and the Committee for the Re-Election of the President (CREEP); on Sept. 16 they report a "secret fund" controlled by chmn. Maurice Hubert Stans (1908-98) (U.S. commerce secy. in 1969-72), which later turns out to have been raised via large contributions from rich people threatened with IRS audits, the millions in cash being kept in a safe in the White House and used to pay the Watergate burglars, allegedly without Stans' knowledge; on Sept. 17 they report withdrawals from the fund by CREEP exec Jeb Stuart Magruder and his aide Herbert L. "Bart" Porter; on Sept. 28 Bernstein phones U.S. atty.-gen. John N. Mitchell to inform him that the Washington Post is about to pub. a story on the Watergate burglary, and Mitchell tells him "All that crap, you're putting it in the paper? It's all been denied. Katie Graham [the publisher] is gonna get her tit caught in a big fat wringer if that's published"; on Sept. 29 Woodward and Bernstein report that Mitchell controls the secret fund; on Oct. 10 they pub. a story with the soundbyte: "FBI agents have established that the Watergate bugging incident stemmed from a massive campaign of political spying and sabotage conducted on behalf of President Nixon's reelection and directed by officials of the White House and the Committee for the Re-Election of the President", causing White House spokesmen to denounce the stories as "shabby journalism", "unfounded and unsubstantiated allegations", "mud-slinging", and "a political effort by the Washington Post, well conceived and coordinated, to discredit this administration and individuals in it"; after White House pressure, most U.S. newspapers dismiss the Washington Post allegations as a plot to undermine Nixon's reelection, which 753 U.S. daily newspapers support, vs. 56 for McGovern. On Aug. 4 cannibal dictator Idi Amin announces that Uganda will expel 50K Asians with British passports to Britain within 3 mo. On Aug. 4 the largest solar flare ever recorded knocks out cable lines in the U.S., and continues high levels of activity until Aug. 10; luckily the Apollo launch isn't scheduled until Dec; the solar storms set off of dozens of U.S. mines in Hai Phong Harbor, North Vietnam; in the preceding few weeks 4K more detonated. On Aug. 10 after their first orange curtain (made of 14 sq. m of cloth) hung on four steel cables is torn to shreds on Oct. 10, 1971 Christo and Jeanne-Claude unveil the 2nd Valley Curtain in Rifle Gap 6 mi. N of Rifle, Colo.; too bad, winds rip it apart after 28 hours. On Aug. 10 an Apollo asteroid (named in 1862) streaks over the W U.S. and Canada, causing a brilliant daytime meteor to skip off the Earth's atmosphere. On Aug. 12 the last U.S. ground troops withdraw from Vietnam; the same day U.S. B-52s make their largest strike of the war - and take that? On Aug. 14 a Soviet-built East German Ilyushin II-62 jet crashes in East Berlin, killing all 156 aboard. On Aug. 15 Pope Paul VI issues the encyclical Motu Proprio Ministeria Quaedam, replacing the term "minor orders" with "ministries" (reader, acolyte, etc.) and abolishing mandatory tonsure for seminarians, ending a practice going back to the late 5th cent. C.E. - the Beatles strike again? On Aug. 16 two British women are injured aboard an El Al jet when a gift given them by an Arab acqaintance explodes. On Aug. 16 Moroccan king (since 1961) Hassan II (1929-99) is mistakenly attacked by his own Royal Moroccan Air Force while en route to Rabat, and survives, after which several members are court-martialed. On Aug. 20 110K attend Wattstax, a day-long "Black Woodstock" held in Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum by Stax Records, featuring perf. by Isaac Hayes, Albert King, the Staple Singers, Rufus and Carla Thomas et al. On Aug. 21-23 after suddenly switching away from the San Diego Sports Arena, pissing-off locals, causing San Diego mayor Pete Wilson to nickname the city "America's Finest City", the 1972 Repub. Nat. Convention is held in Miami, Fla.; on Aug. 23 it renominates "Tricky Dicky" Nixon and running mate Spiro T. Agnew for a 2nd term; Frank Sinatra comes out of retirement to sing "They're both unique, the Quaker and the Greek"; the convention is marred by riots, and Vietnam wheelchair vet Ron Kovic (1946-) gets thrown out of the convention; black "Godfather of Soul" James Brown endorses Nixon, causing comments that he's selling out. On Aug. 22 Oscar-winning Am. actress Jane Fonda (1937-) gives a bad performance for once when she gives an antiwar radio address in English on Radio Hanoi from a hotel room in Hanoi, then sits behind an anti-aircraft gun emplacement as if she's ready to shoot down all Yankees in sight, causing her to be branded as a traitor by Americans, "Hanoi Jane"; after years of denial, she finally apologizes in 1988 in a 20/20 TV interview with Barbara Walters; she had gone to Hanoi because the U.S. govt. was bombing dikes in the Red River Delta, threatening 200K Vietnamese civilians with drowning, and claims the Communists tricked her into the AA gun photo op by singing a song with the lyrics "We hold these truths to be self-evident"; false rumors circulate that her visit causes U.S. POWs to be killed. On Aug. 22 former bank teller John Stanley Wojtowicz (1945-2006), a bi who married transvestite Elizabeth Debbie "Liz" Eden AKA Ernest Aron (1946-87) on Dec. 4, 1971, and who saw "The Godfather" earlier in the day (helping him to hatch his plan), along with Salvatore Antonio "Sal" Naturile (1954-72) (AKA Donald Matterson), and Arthur Westenberg hold seven Chase Manhattan Bank employees hostage for 17 hours at E 3rd St. and Ave. P in Gravesend, Flatbush, Brooklyn, N.Y. during which Westernberg flees and Naturile is killed; Wojtowicz is sentenced to 20 years and serves 14, selling his story rights to make the 1975 film "Dog Day Afternoon" for $7.5K, which he uses to finance Eden's sex change therapy, and is released on Apr. 10, 1987; too bad, Eden dies of AIDS on Sept. 29, 1987. On Aug. 25 a sudden dense fog on highway A16 near Prinsenbeek, North Brabant, Netherlands causes a mass collision, killing 13. On Aug. 27 the U.S. bombs Haiphong, North Vietnam. On Aug. 29 Am. Airlines and TWA announce the inspection of passenger luggage before boarding. On Aug. 26-Sept. 11 the XX (20th) (1972) Summer Olympics (motto "the Happy Games" to show Germany's new democratic face) are held in Munich, West Germany; their new stadium has the world's largest roof; the first summer Olympics to have a mascot, Waldi the Dachshund, designed by German font designer Otto "Otl" Aicher (1922-91), who also introduces universal sports pictograms; 7,170 athletes from 121 nations compete in 195 events in 23 sports; 20 nations accusing Rhodesia of apartheid stage a protest, causing their ouster; petite Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut (1956-) wins 3 golds and 1 silver, becoming female athlete of the year; thoroughbred-looking 6'3" 209 lb. Cuban boxer Teofilo Stevenson (1952-) wins a gold in heavyweight boxing, and threepeats in 1976 and 1980, refusing to go pro; on Sept. 4 U.S. swimmer Mark Spitz (1950-) wins a record 7th gold in the 400m relay, becoming the "King of American Swimming"; (ain't basketball America's game, not anymore, Amerikansky capitalist pigs?) on Sept. 9 the 1972 Olympic Men's Basketball Final sees the Soviet Union break the 63-game win streak (plus seven straight Olympic titles) of the U.S. Olympic basketball team that began in 1936 by defeating them 51-50 in the gold medal round in a controversial game after the game clock has almost run out with the U.S. trailing by 49-48, and Paul Douglas "Doug" Collins (1951-) of the U.S. steals a pass at half-court and is fouled, scoring two free throws to put the U.S. ahead 50-49 as the horn sounds, until (bigoted anti-Yankee, paid-off, or just doing his job?) Italian-born FIBA secy.-gen. Renato William Jones (1906-81) intervenes and restores 3 final seconds to the game clock after the Soviets claimed they called a timeout, then allows them three chances at an inbounds play, and on the 3rd, Bulgarian official Artenik Arabadjian (1930-) allegedly gestures to 6'11" U.S. center Charles Thomas "Tom" McMillen (1952-), causing him to back off from Soviet player Ivan Ivanovich Edeshko (1945-), allowing him to throw a long pass down the court to Alexander Alexandrovich Belov (1951-78), who scores an uncontested layup and wins it by 51-49, with Jones later uttering the soundbyte "The Americans have to learn how to lose, even when they think they are right"; the U.S. files a formal protest, and next Jan. 18 FIBA gives its final 3-2 decision (Italy and Puerto Rico for the U.S., Hungary, Cuba, and Poland for the Soviets), which the U.S. refuses to accept, causing the 12 silver medals to remain unclaimed until ?; Rodney "Hot Rod" Milburn Jr. (1950-97) wins a gold in the 110m hurdles, tying the world record of 13.2 sec., and sets a new record of 13.1 on July 6, 1973 in Zurich; after retiring in 1983 he ends up homeless, then dies at age 47 in a hazardous grunt job; Yale-educated Frank Charles Shorter (1947-) (who has lived and trained in mile-high Boulder, Colo. since 1970) wins a gold for the U.S. in the marathon with a time of 2:12:19.8; U. of Calif. black track coach Stan Wright (1921-98) goofs and fails to get his runners Reynaud Robinson and Eddie Hart to the stadium in time for the 100m dash; Dan Gable (1948-) of the U.S. wins gold in wrestling without giving up a point; after the Cata-Pole is barred from competition, East German Wolfgang Nordwig (1943-) beats U.S. 1968 champ Bob Seagren (1946-), becoming the 1st time an American fails to win a gold in the pole vault; Seagren later goes into acting and plays gay football player Dennis Phillips, who hooks up with Billy Crystal's character Jodie Dallas. In Aug. the U.S. sells the starving Soviet Union $750M worth of grain without letting the news cause prices to rise, becoming known as the Great Grain Robbery. In Aug. Moroccan Berber police chief and defense minister gen. Mohammed Oufkir (1920-72) stages a failed coup, attemping to shoot King Mohammed V's plane down; Oufkir is executed, and his wife and six children banisted to foul desert prisons; in 1987 four children, incl. Malika Oufkir (1953-) escape to Tangier and alert the world to their plight, forcing King Hassan II to free them all after four years of fattening then up in a luxury villa as a coverup. Talking about a waste of the intellect? On Sept. 4 the TV game show The Joker's Wild debuts on CBS-TV (until June 13, 1975, folloed by syndication in Sept. 1977-May 23, 1986 and Sept. 10, 1990-Mar. 8, 1991), starring Jack Barry (Barasch) (1918-84) in his comeback from the 1958 TV Quiz Show Scandal. On Sept. 4 the TV game show The Price Is Right debuts on CBS-TV (until ?), hosted by Robert William "Bob" Barker (1923-) (until June 15, 2007), followed on Oct. 15, 2007 by Drew Allison Cary (1958-) (until ?), with its signature line "Come on down!", becoming the #1 game show of all time (until ?). Why TLW hates minarets, part 6,666? On Sept. 5, 1972 (Sun.) (4:31 a.m.) just when the spirit of friendly internat. competition at the "Serene Olympics" in Munich, West Germany is going strong, eight lowdown raghead Muslim Palestinian terrorists working for the Black September terrorist org. of Venezuelan mastermind Carlos the Jackal (Ilyich Ramirez Sanchez) (1949-) (born after King Hussein II of Jordan ordered a massacre of Palestinians in Sept. 1970) crash the Olympic Village, then capture and murder 11 Jewish Israeli athletes and coaches during a 23-hour standoff (two in their 1st floor apts., the rest at the airport), becoming known as the Munich Massacre; Munich police chief Manfred Schreiber offers German-speaking leader Issa (Luttif Afif) (1937-72) (his nickname Issa is the Muslim name for Jesus, because his mother was Jewish?) unlimited money to release the hostages, and he utters the immortal Jesus-be-praised soundbyte "This is is not about money - talk of money is demeaning"; five terrorists become shahada (Muslim martyrs), and one policeman is killed during a failed hostage rescue attempt (shahada good day killing Jews, so now I'm ready for Allah to take me home?); on Sept. 6 the Olympic Games gloomily resume, ending on Sept. 11 (9-11); Pres. Nixon forms the Cabinet Committee to Combat Terrorism to protect the U.S. from terrorist attacks; Israel sends a secret unit of five ex-Mossad agents called Caesarea to hunt down all of Black September's members (and anybody else they fear?) in a 20-year "shadow war on terror", although mission cmdr. Abu Daoud (Mohammed Daoud Mohammed Odeh or Auda) (1937-) and Arafat's deputy (Black September founder and architect of the mission) Abu Iyad (Saleh Khalaf) (1933-91) are beyond reach; on June 8, 1992 they gun down PLO liaison officer Atef Bseiso (b. 1948) in the street - nobody ever forgives anybody in the religion-rich Middle East? On Sept. 6 the Fountain Valley Massacre at Fountain Valley Golf Course in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands sees Ishmaeli Muslim Ali LaBeet and four other locals kill four Fla. tourists and four employees; they are convicted and sentenced to eight life sentences; on Dec. 31, 1984 LaBeet escapes by hijacking Am. Airlines Flight 626 en route to the U.S., landing in Cuba, where he is given sanctuary after declaring himself a Communist. On Sept. 7 Pres. Nixon asks for Dem. Mass. Sen. Ted Kennedy to be spied on by a Secret Service agent because he sees him as a political threat. On Sept. 11 the $1.6B 71-mi. San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit System (BART) goes into service, linking San Francisco with Oakland and Berkeley, becoming the first new U.S. regional transit system in over 50 years; too bad, the aluminum-bodied trains suffer mechanical problems, accidents, and breakdowns. On Sept. 11 (Mon.) after an ABC Movie of the Week pilot on Mar. 7, Rita Lakin's crime drama series The Rookies debuts on ABC-TV for 94 episodes (until Mar. 30, 1976), about the Southern Calif. Police Dept. (SCPD), starring Michael Leonard Ontkean (1946-) as William "Willie" Gillis, Samuel Gardner "Sam" Melville (1936-89) as Mike Danko, Georg Stanford Brown (1943-) as Terry Webster, and Gerald Stuart O'Loughlin Jr. (1921-2015) as their lt. Eddie Ryker; Brown's wife Tyne Daly makes guest appearances. On Sept. 1 the Second Cod War (ends Nov. 8, 1973) between Iceland and Britain over fishing rights in the North Atlantic begins when Iceland begins enforcing a 50 nmi (93km) fishing limit, and on Sept. 12 Icelandic gunboat ICGV Aegir sinks two British trawlers, causing the British Navy to begin escorting fishing boats. On Sept. 12 (Tue.) Norman Lear's "All in the Family" spinoff Maude debuts on CBS-TV for 141 episodes (until Apr. 22, 1978), starring Beatrice "Bea" Arthur (1922-2009) (Edith Bunker's cousin) as Jewish women's libber Maude Findlay, who lives with her 4th hubby Walter Findlay, played by Bill Macy (Wolf Martin Garber) (1922-) in Tuckahoe, Westchester County, N.Y. On Sept. 13 (Wed.) Leslie Stevens' sci-fi series Search (Control) (original title "Probe") debuts on NBC-TV for 23 episodes (until Aug. 29, 1973), about the World Securities Corp. private investigation firm that uses field operatives equipped with hi-tech scanners attached to their jewelry for surveillance, starring Hugh O'Brian (Hugh Charles Krampe) (1925-) as Hugh Lockwood, Probe One, Anthony "Tony" Franciosa (Anthony George Papaleo) (1928-2006) as Nick Bianco, head of Omega Div., Douglas Osborne "Doug" McClure (1935-95) as C.R. Grover, Standby Probe, and Oliver Burgess Meredith (1907-97) as V.C.R. Cameron, dir. of Probe Control Unit 1 - sounds vaguely like porno? On Sept. 14 West Germany and Poland renew diplomatic relations. Ever-ready to make white majority Americans forget their troubles with uppity blacks, Hollyweird throws them a bone with an escapist nostalgia show? Ever-ready to make white majority Americans forget their troubles with uppity blacks, Hollyweird throws them a bone with an escapist nostalgia show? On Sept. 14 (Thur.) The Waltons, created by Schuyler, Va.-born Earl Henry Hamner Jr. (1923-2016) based on his 1963 film "Spencer's Mountain" and set in nostalgic Depression Era Va. debuts on CBS-TV for 210 episodes (until June 4, 1981), starring Ralph Waite (1929-) as John Walton Sr., Michael Learned (1939-) as his wife Olivia, Will Geer (William Aughe Ghere) (1902-78) as Zebulon Tyler "Grandpa" Walton, Ellen Corby (1911-99) as his wife Esther "Grandma" Walton, and Richard Earl Thomas (1951-) as son "John Boy" Walton Jr. On Sept. 15 two former White House aides and five other men are indicted on charges of conspiracy in the break-in at the Dem. Nat. Committee HQ in the Watergate Complex. On Sept. 16 (Sat.) The Bob Newhart Show debuts on CBS-TV for 142 episodes (until Apr. 1, 1978), starring George Robert "Bob" Newhart (1929-) as Chicago psychologist Robert "Bob" Hartley, Suzanne Pleshette (1937-2008) as his wife Emily, Bill Daily (1927-) as their airline navigator neighbor Howard Borden, Marcia Joan Wallace (1942-) as his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant, and Peter Bonerz (1938-) as orthodontist Jerry Robinson. On Sept. 16 South Vietnamese troops recapture Quang Tri Province in South Vietnam from the North Vietnamese Army. On Sept. 16 (Sat.) (9:00 p.m.) the crime drama series The Streets of San Francisco debuts on ABC-TV for 121 episodes (until June 9, 1977), starring Karl Malden (Mladen George Sekulovich) (1912-2009) as Homicide veteran Lt. Michael "Mike" Stone, and Michael Kirk Douglas (1944-) (son of Kirk Douglas) as wet-behind-the-ears Asst. Inspector Steve Keller. On Sept. 17 Idi Amin of Uganda announces the presence of Tanzanian troops in his territory. On Sept. 17 (Sun.) the super-popular leftist anti-war TV series (about the Korean War, not Vietnam) M*A*S*H (Military Air Supply Hospital) debuts on CBS-TV for 251 episodes (until Feb. 28, 1983), starring Alan Alda (1936-) as ever-horny army surgeon Hawkeye Pierce from Crabapple Cove (who signs 8 hours before the first rehearsal); also stars Loretta Swit (1937-) as head nurse Margaret "Hot Lips" Houlihan, Gary Richard Burghoff (1940-) as Cpl. Walter Eugene "Radar" O'Relly, Lawrence Lavonne "Larry" Linville (1939-200) as Maj. Frank "Ferret Face" Burns, Jamie Farr (1934-) as cross-dressing (size 36B bra) Maxwell Klinger, William Christopher (1932-) as Father Mulcahy, McLean Stevenson (1927-96) as Col. Henry Blake, Allan Arbus (1918-) as pshrink Dr. Sidney Freedman, and William Wayne McMillan Rogers III (1933-2015) as Col. "Trapper" John McIntyre; it later stars Mike Farrell (1939-) as Capt. B.J. Hunnicutt, David Ogden Stiers (1942-) as Charles Emerson Winchester III, and Henry "Harry" Morgan (1915-) (joins on Sept. 12, 1975 after playing Maj. Gen. Bartford Hamilton Steele on Sept. 10,1974) as Stevenson's replacement Col. Sherman T. Potter (wife Mildred's photo on his desk is his real-life 1st wife Eileen Detchon). On Sept. 18 Sao Paulo Metro in Brazil opens. On Sept. 19 (09:30 GMT) a parcel bomb from Black Sept. kills diplomat Ami Shachori at the Israeli embassy in London; seven other bombs are intercepted; it is later learned that 51 parcel bombs were sent on Sept. 16 from Amsterdam to Israeli embassies all over the world; Israeli groups strike back with parcel bombs sent to PLO officials, injuring six, while copycats from India et al. try their luck, injuring one, incl. one addressed to Pres. Nixon. On Sept. 21 Philippines pres. (1965-86) Ferdinand Marcos (1917-89) uses the Maoist guerrilla New People's Army (NPA) as an excuse to issue Proclamation 1081, declaring martial law and suspending the constitution that would have denied him a 3rd term, and conveniently banning political rallies; political rival Benigno Aquino is arrested (until 1980) along with other opponents; he goes on to assume dictatorial powers for the next 14 years while making himself and his cronies rich - plus shoe salesmen? On Sept. 22 after failing to obtain Israeli help in attacking Tanzania to capture ex-pres. Milton Obote, then travelling to Libya and obtaining promises from Col. al-Qaddafi, allowing him to bomb Tanzanian towns, purge his army of Acholi and Lango officers, and expel 500 Israelis from Uganda, Thyestean banquet lover "Big Daddy" Idi Amin Dada throws 40K scrawny Asians out of Uganda after a 90-day warning (Aug. 5), ruining the economy; meanwhile he launches a wave of terror, using the Nile Mansions Hotel in Kampala for interrogations and torture while sending killer squads out - too skinny, not enough meat, too much MSG? On Sept. 23 a bus plunges into a ravine in Shinano, Nagano, Japan, killing 15 and injuring 67. On Sept. 24 (Sun.) a Canadian F-86 Sabre fighter jet at the Golden West Sport Aviation Show in Sacramento Executive Airport crashes into a Farrell's Ice Cream parlor, causing a big fireball and killing 11 adults and 12 children of the Sacramento 49ers Little League football team. On Sept. 24-27 Norway rejects entry into the European Economic Community (EEC) in a nat. referendum, causing the govt. of PM Trygve M. Bratteli to resign in Oct.; on Oct. 17 Lars Korvald (1916-2006) of the Christian Dem. party becomes PM (until Oct. 12, 1973), forming a new minority coalition of anti-EC parties. On Sept. 26 after Edwin Newman of NBC-TV becomes the first and only journalist to interview Japanese Yamato emperor Hirohito in his Imperial Palace in Tokyo, Pres. Nixon meets with him in Anchorage, Alaska, becoming the first-ever meeting of a U.S. pres. and a Japanese monarch; on Oct. 5 he visits Elizabeth II and her hubby Prince Philip in London, pissing-off many British vets when he is invested with the Order of the Garter - how many poor helpless British and American soldiers did your men torture, pass the sake? On Sept. 27 Japan and Communist China (People's Repub. of China) agree to reestablish diplomatic relations, and on Sept. 29 Japan breaks official ties with Taiwan (Repub. of China). On Sept. 29 the Washington Post discloses that U.S. atty.-gen. John Mitchell personally controlled a secret slush fund to finance intelligence operations against Dems. during the Nixon admin. On Oct. 1 an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-18B mysteriously crashes into the Black Sea in good weather, killing 109. On Oct. 2 Denmark joins the EEC; the Faroe Islands opt out. On Oct. 4 Judge John Joseph Sirica (1904-92) imposes a gag order on the Watergate break-in case. On Oct. 5 the Congregational and Presbyterian Churches of the U.K. combine to form the United Reformed Church. On Oct. 6 a train wreck near Saltillo, Mexico sees a 22-car train carrying 2K religious pilgrims derail and burn, killing 208 and injuring 1K+. On Oct. 11 there is a prison uprising at a Washington, D.C. jail. On Oct. 11 a French mission in Vietnam is destroyed by a U.S. bombing raid. On Oct. 12 46 sailors are injured in a race riot on the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk en route to the Gulf of Tonkin involving 100+ sailors. On Oct. 13 an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62 crashes in bad weather in a large pond outside Moscow on its 3rd approach attempt, killing all 174 abaord, becoming the worst airplane crash in history (until ?). On Oct. 13 Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 (Fairchild FH-227D) en route from Uruguay to Chile carrying the Montevideo Old Christians Rugby Club crashes in the Andes at 14K ft. alt., killing 16 of 45 on board, after which an avalanche kills 13 more; on Dec. 23 after 69 days the other 16 (incl. 8 rugby players) are rescued after they resort to cannibalism of the dead to survive - old Christians? On Oct. 14, 1972 (Sat.) after a full-length pilot on ABC Movie of the Week on Feb. 22 (Tues.), the martial arts Western drama series Kung Fu debuts on ABC-TV for 63 episodes (until Apr. 16, 1975), starring David (John Arthur) Carradine (1936-2009) as peace-loving Shaolin monk Kwai Chang Caine, orphaned son of Am. man Thomas Henry Caine and Chinese woman Kwai Lin, and Keye Luke (1904-91) as blind Master Po (who calls him "grasshopper"), who is murdered by the emperor's nephew, causing Caine to kill him and flee China for the Wild West, where he seeks his half-brother Danny Caine while experiencing anti-Chinese prejudice and kicking lily white ass. On Oct. 14-22 after Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (b. 1919) tells a crowd in Cincinnati, Ohio, "I'd like to... see a black man managing the ballclub", the Oakland Athletics (AL) defeat the Cincinnati Reds (NL) 4-3 to win the Sixty-Ninth (69th) (1972) World Series, first of a threepeat; Robinson dies suddenly on Oct. 24. On Oct. 16 a light plane carrying House Dem. leader Thomas Hale Boggs Sr. (b. 1914) of La. and three other men is reported missing in Alaska; the plane is never found - did they find the hidden door to the center of the Earth? On Oct. 16 a riot in the new Maze Prison (Her Majesty's Prison Maze) (originally Long Kesh Detention Centre) (opened Aug. 9, 1971) in County Down, Northern Ireland for paramilitary prisonres results in a fire burning most of the camp. On Oct. 17 peace talks between the Pathet Lao (Lao People's Rev. Party) and Royal Lao govt. begin in Vietnam. On Oct. 17 martial law is proclaimed in South Park, er, Korea, stifling the political opposition; the U.S. fails to intervene because of Park's commitment of troops in Vietnam. On Oct. 17 British queen Elizabeth II visits Yugoslavia. On Oct. 18 the U.S. Clean Water Act (amendments to the 1948 Federal Water Pollution Control Act) is passed, setting a 1977 deadline for installation of the "best practicable" fluid waste pollution control equipment and making it illegal to discharge material into navigable waterways without a permit, with $18 appropriated for assistance grants for municipal sewage treatment facilities; too bad, the ambiguous language causes court battles to drag on for years; meanwhile after being found to cause cancer in lab animals and be stored in fatty tissues, as well as cause birds to lay eggs with thinner shells, use of DDT is banned in the U.S. effective Dec. 31, despite possible catastrophic effects on farming. On Oct. 21 U.S. nat. security advisor Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho of North Vietnam reach a ceasefire agreement; it is signed on Jan. 27, 1973; on Oct. 22 Operation Linebacker I, the bombing of North Vietnam by B-52 bombers ends, along with the Easter Offensive (begun Mar. 30), with 40K North Vietnamese killed and 60K wounded or missing, vs. 10K South Vietnamese killed, 33K wounded, and 3.5K missing; on Oct. 24 in secret unauthorized talks in Paris Henry Kissinger proposes to end the Vietnam war immediately, but is urged by Pres. Nixon to stretch the timing a few mo. so as to insure his re-election in Nov.; on Oct. 26 Kissinger declares that "Peace is at hand" in Vietnam, and that Hanoi has dropped all its political demands for dismantling the South Vietnamese govt.; meanwhile the U.S. risks nuclear war to coerce the negotiations by circling armed bombers for three days over the polar cap near Russia? On Oct. 22 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, prohibiting dumping of dangerous wastes into the ocean, banning the killing of polar bears except by Alaskan natives, and forbidding import of tuna caught in nets along with dolphins, who have been dying at the rate of 500K a year; too bad, other nations pick up the slack. On Oct. 23 access credit cards are introduced in Great Britain. On Oct. 25 the first female FBI agents are hired - along with some new $9,000 coffeemakers? On Oct. 26 guided tours of Alcatraz by the U.S. Park Service begin. On Oct. 29 four men hijack a plane to Cuba after killing a ticket agent and wounding a ramp serviceman. On Oct. 29 two members of Black Sept. hijacks a Lufthansa Boeing 727 en route from Damascus to Frankfurt over Turkey, demanding the release of the three members being held for the Munich Massacre, which chancellor Willy Brandt complies with, saying "I saw no alternative but to yield to this ultimatum and avoid further senseless bloodshed"; the plane lands in Tripoli, Libya, the terrorists being greeted as heroes, with mass celebrations throughout the Middle East; the whole thing was a setup by the PLO and West German govt. to make them agree to stay out of Germany, as proved by Lufthansa paying them a $5M ransom in Feb.? On Oct. 30 two Illinois Central Gulf commuter trains collide during rush hour in Chicago's South Side, killing 45 and injuring 200+. On Oct. 30 Pres. Nixon signs the $5.3B 1972 Amendments to the 1935 U.S. Social Security Act, providing for cost-of-living increases, along with a Suplemental Security Income (SSI) system to provide means-tested assistance for the disabled and elderly. In Oct. English singer Joe Cocker (1944-2014) is arrested by Australian police for marijuana possession, then railroaded out of the country, causing a public outcry leading to the fall of the Conservative govt. in the Dec. elections. In Oct. Time Inc. begins pub. Money personal finance mag. with an initial circ. of 225K, growing to become #1 ahead of Fortune and Forbes. On Nov. 1 ABC-TV tests the public's reaction to homosexuality by airing Lamont Johnson's That Certain Summer, about a homosexual father and his son, starring Hal Holbrook, Martin Sheen, Scott Jacoby. and Hope Lange. On Nov. 3-9 Am. Indian Movement (AIM) activists occupy the Bureau of Indian Affairs. On Nov. 7 the 1972 U.S. Pres. Election is held, becoming the last year until 2008 when neither a Bush nor a Dole appears on the Repub. pres. ticket; despite 25K U.S. deaths in Vietnam since taking office, Henry Kissinger pushes the "Peace is at hand" message, and with only a little gossip about pesky Watergate buzzing around, Repub. Richard M. Nixon and his running mate Spiro T. Agnew easily win reelection against Dem. S.D. Sen. George McGovern and his running mate R. Sargent Shriver; of the 55.2% of the electorate who vote for pres., Nixon receives 47.2M popular votes (60.7%) and 520 electoral votes (most ever?) to McGovern's 29.2M (37.5%) and measly 17 electoral votes (Mass. + D.C.), becoming the most lopsided pres. election since 1936; Libertarian candidates John Hospers (1918-) (a philosopher who met Ayn Rand in 1961 and converted) and Theodora Nathalia "Tonie" Nathan (1923-) receive one electoral vote from Nixon crossover Roger Lea MacBride (1929-95) of Va. (who is so repulsed at Watergate that he switches to the Libertarian Party and becomes their 1976 pres. candidate), making Nathan the first woman to receive an electoral vote for U.S. pres.; Dr. Benjamin Spock is the pres. candidate for the People's Party; the Dems. retain control of both houses of Congress. On Nov. 8 (wed.) Home Box Office (HBO) cable TV network begins operation (until ?). On Nov. 9 fossils discovered by the Leakeys push human origins back a million more years - another row of chairs on some university department with their own territory on the official track of time? On Nov. 10 three D.B. Cooper copycat men hijack Southern Airways Flight 49 (DC-9) en route from Birmingham, Ala., demanding $10M and 10 parachutes, landing in multiple locations incl. in Canada and McCoy AFB in Orlando, Fla., where the FBI shoots out the tires, and ending up in Cuba with the parachutes and $2M in cash, landing on a foam-covered runway; two of them get 20 years, the other 15, after which the U.S. and Cuba sign a treaty to extradite hijackers, which is not renewed; pilot William R. Haas (1933-) becomes a hero. On Nov. 11 the U.S. Army turns over its base at Long Binh outside Saigon (largest U.S. installation outside the continental U.S.) to the South Vietnamese army, symbolizing the end of direct U.S. military involvement in Vietnam; 29K U.S. soldiers remain, most of them advisors and support staff. On Nov. 12 three Cubans hijack a Southern Airways DC-8 en route from Memphis to Miami and take 31 hostages, threatening to crash into Oak Ridge, Tenn., site of the Y-12 nuclear weapons plant unless they receive a $10M ransom plus parachutes and bulletproof vests, then after receiving $2M they land in Havana, where they are refused haven, and end up in Orlando, Fla., where they are surrounded and stormed by FBI agents, causing them to takeoff again and land in Havana, where Fidel Castro greets the plane crew as heroes and throws the hijackers in prison for 8 years, after which they are expelled to the U.S. and given 20-to-25-year terms; meanwhile the U.S. and Cuba agree to thwart any such incidents in the future. On Nov. 13 the British Broadcasting Corp. (BBC) celebrates its 50th anniv. On Nov. 14 the Dow Jones closes above 1K for the 1st time, ending the day at 1,003.16, up 6.00; the Wall Street Journal says that "little market significance" should be attached to it; on Dec. 11 it climbs to 1036.27, then falls sharply on Dec. 18 after Vietnam peace talks break down. On Nov. 14 the 13-part BBC-TV series America: A Personal History of the United States, written and presented by Alistair Cooke debuts in the U.S., becoming a big hit, and causing the U.S. Congress to invite Cooke to address a joint session as part of the 1976 bicentennial celebration; "I do not want to be coy, but it took 40 years" (to make the series). On Nov. 17 UNESCO adopts the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. On Nov. 17 Juan Peron returns to Argentina. On Nov. 19 Willy Brandt's SPD wins the West German elections. On Nov. 22 the U.S. ends a 22-year travel ban to China. On Nov. 22 the U.S. loses its first B-52 in Vietnam - thanks to Jane Fonda? On Nov. 24 ABC-TV debuts In Concert, a late Fri. night rock music special featuring live bands, starting with Alice Cooper's act, which is so lewd it causes the network's Cincinnati affiliate to pull the plug in mid-performance. On Nov. 27 Pierre Trudeau forms his Canadian govt. On Nov. 28 the Clairvaux Mutineers Roger Bontems and Claude Buffet are guillotined in La Sante Prison in Paris by executioner (1951-76) Andre Obrecht (1899-1985), becoming the last executions in France (until ?); the last public execution was multiple murderer Weidmann in Versailles in 1939; the last execution of a woman was Germaine Godefroy in 1949. On Nov. 30 White House Press secy. Ronald Louis Ziegler announces that there will be no more public announcements about U.S. troop withdrawals from Vietnam since they are down to a piddling force of 27K. On Nov. 30 British foreign secy. Sir Alec Douglas-Home announces that Royal Navy ships will be stationed to protect British trawlers off Iceland. In Nov. East Germany releases 30K political prisoners. In Nov. the Yusin Constitution is promulgated in South Korea, promising liberal political reforms (ends 1979). In Nov. the Annie Award is first presented to the Los Angeles, Calif. branch of the Internat. Animated Film Assoc. (ASIFA-Hollywood) to recognize lifetime career contributions; in 1992 it is awarded to individual films. On Dec. 1 Protestant car bombs in Dublin kill two civilians and injure 127. On Dec. 3 a Spantax Convair 990A charter crashes during takeoff in Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands, killing all 155 aboard - Pico de Teide weeps? On Dec. 4. Gen. Oswaldo Lopez stages another military coup in Honduras, and resumes his dictatorship (begun 1963) (until Apr. 22, 1975). Australia's Bill Clinton? On Dec. 5 after the Liberal-Country Party is defeated by the Labor Party (1st time in 23 years) with its "It's Time" campaign, Edward Gough Whitlam (1916-) (pr. like goff) becomes PM #21 of Australia (until Nov. 11, 1975), ending 23 years of Conservative rule; Whitlam goes on to withdraw Australian troops from Vietnam, abolish conscription, release draft dodgers from jail, reduce tariffs on imported goods, and revalue the Australian dollar, working for aboriginal rights, increased spending on teacher training, equal pay and maternity leave for women, and removal he founds the Australia Council and Australian Film, Television and Radio School for promotion of the arts; too bad, the 1973 oil crisis undermines his admin.; he charges that his financial backer Rupert Murdoch tried to get him to appoint him ambassador to London, which he denies. On Dec. 7 Belfast-born mother of 10 Jean McConville is abducted from her home in Belfast by the IRA and murdered; they don't admit it for 20 years. On Dec. 7 Imelda Marcos, wife of Philippine Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos is Pearl Harbored (stabbed and seriously wounded) by an assailant, who is shot dead by her bodyguards. On Dec. 7 (12:33 a.m. EST) NASA's Apollo 17 blasts off for the Moon from Cape Kennedy, landing on the Moon on Dec. 11 and returning and splashing down in the Pacific on Dec. 19, ending the Apollo program after the 11th manned mission; on Dec. 14 Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt (1935-) and Eugene Andrew Cernan (1934-2017) (3rd and last spaceflight) become the last humans (#11, #12) to walk on the Moon (until ?) (Cernan is the last); Schmitt becomes the first geologist to walk on the Moon (until ?), Cernan leaves his daughter's initials TDC in the dust; Ronald Ellwin Evans Jr. (1933-90) pilots the Command Module America, completing 1 hour 6 min. of EVA on the way back; the last words spoken on the Moon are "God bless the crew of Apollo 17" (Cernan); on Dec. 7 (5:39 a.m. EST) (5 hours 6 min. after launch) they take the Blue Marble Photo of Earth - are you cernan you got the last word? On Dec. 8, 1972 a United Airlines Flight 553 (Boeing 737-222) en route from Washington, D.C. to Chicago Midway Internat. Airport in Chicago, Ill. crashes short of the runway, crashing into a residential neighborhood, destroying five houses and killing 43 of 55 aboard, plus two on the ground; passengers killed incl. Ill. Rep. (D-Ill.) (since Nov. 1970) George Washington Collins (b. 1925) and Dorothy Hunt, wife of Watergate conspirator E. Howard Hunt are killed, along with pioneering female African-Am. CBS News correspondent Michele Clark; Collins' wife Cardiss Hortense Collins (nee Robertson) (1931-2013) is elected to his seat, becoming the first African-Am. woman to represent a midwestern district in Congress, serving in 1973-97; after the crash over $10K cash is found in Dorothy Hunt's purse - just shopping for shoes? On Dec. 12 The Beatles perform the last concert of their final U.K. tour. On Dec. 15 the Commonwealth of Australia orders equal pay for women. On Dec. 16 the Portuguese army massacres 40 Africans in Tete, Mozambique. On Dec. 18 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 3010 is adopted, declaring 1975 as the Internat. Women's Year; on Dec. 10, 1974 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 3275 is adopted, declaring 1975 as a period of intensified action with regard to equal rights and recognition of women. On Dec. 18-29 Operation Linebacker II, ordered by "Mad Bomber" Pres. Nixon becomes the heaviest bombing of North Vietnam so far, dropping 20K tons of bombs on Hanoi and Haiphong, killing 1.6K civilians, with 70 U.S. airmen killed or captured; smart bombs make their appearance, giving the North Vietnamese defenders fits, but they down 15 B-52D and B-52G bombers with Soviet-made SA-2 SAMs, leaving the wreckage of one where it fell near the Hanoi Botanical Gardens as a monument; even so, they cry uncle and rush to the negotiating table in Paris while licking their wounds. On Dec. 21 East Germany and West Germany finally recognize each other. On Dec. 22 Australia establishes diplomatic relations with China and West Germany. On Dec. 22 Bac Mai Hospital in Vietnam is bombed by U.S. B-52s when they miss an air base on the outskirts of Hanoi, killing 18 hospital workers and patients; meanwhile a peace delegation incl. singer Joan Baez and human rights atty. Telford Taylor visit Hanoi to deliver Xmas mail to U.S. POWs. On Dec. 22-23 a 6.2 earthquake strikes Managua, Nicaragua, killing 5K-12K; on Dec. 25 the govt. cuts off food supplies to Managua to force survivors to leave to prevent an epidemic; too bad, Pres. Anastasio Somoza (since 1967) later pockets millions of dollars in foreign aid - thank you, God? On Dec. 24 the 1972 Christmas Bombings of North Vietnam stink the U.S. up; Hanoi bars all peace talks with the U.S. until the air raids stop; on Dec 26 the bombing over Hanoi resumes after a cynical 1-day Xmas day respite, and ends on Dec. 29 after the North Vietnamese agree to resume talks; on Dec. 24 Swedish PM Olof Palme compares the bombings to Nazi massacres at Treblinka, causing the U.S. to break diplomatic contact with Sweden. On Dec. 26 former U.S. pres. Harry S. Truman (b. 1884) dies in Kansas City, Mo. On Dec. 28 the skeleton of Hitler's long-missing deputy Martin Bormann (b. 1900) (convicted in absentia and sentenced to hanging in the 1945-6 Nuremberg Trials) are identified in Berlin. On Dec. 29 (23:42) Eastern Airlines Flight 401 (Lockheed L-1011) crashes into the Fla. Everglades while working on a malfunctioning landing light and losing alt., killing 99 of 176 aboard, with two later dying, becoming the first wide-body aircraft crash, and the deadliest single-aircraft disaster in the U.S. (until ?); Eastern Air Lines employees later begin reporting sightings of the ghosts of dead crew members on aircraft using spare parts from the crashed plane. On Dec. 29 Life mag. suspends weekly pub. after 36 years because of new postal regulations, and continues as a monthly. On Dec. 29 the Dow Jones closes at 1020.02, vs. 890.20 at the end of 1971. On Dec. 31 after getting his 3,000th ML hit in the regular season, Puerto Rican baseball star and philanthropist Roberto Clemente (b. 1934) is killed in a DC-10 crash in the Atlantic off the coast of Puerto Rico while carrying relief supplies for victims of the Managua earthquake; the plane was overloaded. On Dec. 31 (7:00 p.m. CET) France 3 is launched, becoming France's 2nd largest public TV channel. On Dec. 31 (23:59:60) an extra leap sec. is added to the end of the year. In Dec. a U.S. commando group plants a tap on a communications link at Vinh, N of the DMZ, and later pulls out details of the North Vietnamese positions at the Paris peace talks. Syrian army chief of staff (since 1968) Lt. Gen. Mustafa Tlass (1932-) becomes minister of defense (until May 12, 2006). Barbados and Peru establish diplomatic ties with Cuba, thumbing their noses at the U.S. Edwin Washington Edwards (1927-) becomes Dem. gov. of La. (until 1980), becoming the state's first Roman Catholic gov. of the 20th cent., and going on to become its most popular gov. after Huey P. Long; too bad, he gets too popular, serves four terms (until 1996), and ends up getting bogged down in corruption. The Guerrilla Army of the Poor (EGP) is founded in N Guatemala among highland Indians, by Comandante Rolando Moran (Ricardo Arnoldo Ramirez de Leon) (1929-98), numbering 6K by 1980 and becoming the largest of four leftist factions. The U.S. Central Security Service of the Nat. Security Agency (NSA) is established, becoming the largest employer of mathematicians in the U.S. U.S. Army chief of staff (since 1968) Gen. William C. Westmoreland retires to his native S.C. The U.K. trains the Special Air Service (SAS) (founded in 1940) for anti-terrorism work. Black Los Angeles welfare mother Johnnie Tillmon (1926-) becomes dir. of the Nat. Welfare Rights Org. (founded 1966), uttering the soundbyte "I'm a woman. I'm a black woman. I'm a poor woman. I'm a fat woman. I'm a middle-aged woman. And I'm on welfare"; too bad, she tries to turn welfare into a feminist cause, and the org. goes bankrupt and disbands in Mar. 1975. Japanese pharmacist Misako Enoki (1939-) founds the 4K-member Pink Panthers (Chupiren) to fight for women's rights, incl. birth control and abortion; the members wear white military uniforms with pink helmets; too bad, their screaming and getup evoke ridicule, and after the New Japan Women's Party wins only 0.4% in the 1977 parliamentary elections, Enoki disbands them; meanwhile a poll of Israeli women by Hebrew U. shows 75% rejecting women's lib, preferring a traditional wife-mother role, and only 8% favoring married women holding a job outside the home; PM Golda Meir utters the soundbyte "Women's lib is just a lot of foolishness. It's the men who are discriminated against. They can't bear children. And no one's likely to do anything about it"; meanwhile the Nat. Action Committee on the Status of Women in Canada is founded by TV journalist Laura Villela Sabia (1916-96), who gets 30+ women's lobbying groups to force the govt. to create a royal commission. Italian journalist Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006) interviews Henry Kissinger, getting him to admit that the Vietnam War is a "useless war", and to compare himself to "the cowboy who leads the wagon train by riding ahead alone on his horse", after which he writes that it was "the most single most disastrous conversation I have ever had with any member of the press" - because he was thinking with his johnson? The U.S. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Act provides benefits to the poor and disabled; in practice alcoholics can automatically qualify for enough money to pay for a cheap room and a safety net of cheap booze? The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is established. The Courts Act in Britain establishes crown courts, with 24 1st-tier centers, 19 2nd-tier centers, and 46 3rd-tier centers. The last major smallpox epidemic occurs in Yugoslavia; meanwhile routine vaccination of children in the U.S. for smallpox ends, being touted as a V for the bifurcated needle. The Soviet Union demands that would-be emigrants, particularly brainy Jews repay the costs of their education, setting a price far higher than they can afford to keep them from leaving. Voters in Denver, Colo. reject by 62%-38% a $5M bond to pay for the 1976 XII Winter Olympics, and they are awarded to Innsbruck, Austria instead. Lichtenstein amends its 1921 constitution. Zambia makes its ruling United Independence Party (UNIP) the only legal party. The Yellow River in China dries up for the first time in known history. The U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act prohibits the taking of marine mammals and enacts a moratorium on their import to the U.S.; traffic in ambergris is prohibited, until a ruling in 2001 overturns it since it's not a byproduct of the whale industry. The Local Govt. Act of 1972 creates six new metropolitan counties in England and Wales, effective Apr. 1, 1974. The Council of Europe adopts Beethoven's Ode to Joy (final movmement of his 9th Symphony, 1824) as the Anthem of Europe; later adopted by the EU. South Side, Chicago, Ill. police detective (later cmdr.) Jon Graham Burge (1947-2018) begins a career of torturing 200+ suspects in order to force confessions until being suspended in 1991 and fired in 1993; on June 28, 2010 he is convicted of obstruction of justice regarding a 1989 civil suit, and sentenced to 4-1/2 years in federal prison, getting released in Oct. 2014. Australian media mogul Sir Frank Packer (1906-74) sells his flagship Sydney newspaper The Daily Telegraph to upstart media mogul Keith Rupert Murdoch (1931-); Packer later regrets doing it. The Somalian alphabet is developed. Iceland officially approves the worship of Norse gods. Darmouth College admits its first women. The Santa Rosa Hitchhiker Murders of female hitchhikers in North Bay, Calif. begin, with the nude victims found in embankments and creed beds, stopping at seven next year; they are unsolved until ?. The Mellow Yellow Tea House in Amsterdam, Netherlands opens, pioneering legal sale of marijuana. The 25-member Stone Age hunter-gatherer tribe of Tasadays are discovered living in S Mindanao, Philippines, causing a sensation, after which the govt. prohibits all outside contact; in 1986 after the fall of Pres. Ferdinand Marcos, Western reporters return, finding them living like moderners, causing a controversy about whether they had been a hoax. The Kimbell Art Museum in Ft. Worth, Tex. (just down Camp Bowie Blvd. from the Amon Carter Museum), designed by Louis I. Kahn is founded to house the collection of old Euro masters of late industrialist Kay Kimbell (1886-1964). The Queen Mary at Long Beach, Calif. opens its first hotel rooms. Ever-tanned actor George Stevens Hamilton (1939-) marries blonde model Alana Kaye Hamilton Stewart (nee Collins) (1945-) (until 1975); in 1979-84 she marries Rod Stewart. Soviet dissident physicist Andrei Sakharov marries Turkmenistani Jewish human rights activist Yelena Georgevna Bonner (1923-). Phoenix, Ariz.-born future Wonder Woman (1975-9) Lynda Jean Cordova (Córdova) Carter (1951-) wins the Miss World USA title, reaching the semifinals in the 1972 Miss World pageant. The Nat. Assoc. of Arab-Ams. is founded in the U.S. for lobbying etc. The Bank of Credit and Commerce Internat. (BCCI) is founded by Pakistani financier Agha Hasan Abedi (1922-), o perating in 78 countries with 400 branches and assets of $20B; too bad, it is found to be fraudulent by bank regulators in the U.S. and U.K. in 1991, and collapses, and its top officers convicted and jailed. The first emergency rape crisis center opens in Washington, D.C.; within four years there are 400 centers in the U.S. An Internat. Convention of UNESCO establishes a World Heritage List of world sites that are a heritage of the world in general. The Nat. Assoc. of Arab-Americans (NAAA) is founded in the U.S. The Assoc. of Muslim Social Scientists of North Am. is founded at Indiana Central U. in Indianapolis from members of the Muslim Students Assoc. Pax Christi USA (PCUSA), a subsidiary of Pax Christi Internat. is founded by Roman Catholic bishop Thomas Gumbleton and lay Catholics to fight against war. Am. economist James Tobin (1918-2002) proposes the Tobin Tax, a penalty on short-term financial round-trip excursions into another currency in order to reduce speculation. 1.8K-acre San Diego Wild Animal Park NE of San Diego, Calif. opens on May 10, with a 5-mi. monorail system, welcoming 2M visitors annually. Willandra Nat. Park in Australia is established. The South Australian Film Corp. is established by the govt. as their first state film corp., their success causing other countries to copy them. The Algemeiner Journal is founded in Brooklyn, N.Y. to "advocate for the Jewish people and Israel" (Joseph Lieberman). The Findhorn Foundation is founded in Scotland as an ecovillage for spiritual types like Andre Gregory in the 1981 film "My Dinner With Andre". After feeling that "spirituality was ignored" in the Nobel Prizes, Winchester, Tenn.-born Wall St. investor (who became a British subject) Sir John Marks Templeton (1912-2008) establishes the Ł650K annual Templeton Prize for "progress in religion", becoming the largest financial prize awarded to an individual for intellectual merit; "None of us has ever understood even one percent of the reality of God, the infinity, the eternity of God. All that we have learned is still tiny compared to what is still yet to be discovered if we search for it." Judy Garland's daughter Liza Minnelli (1946-) wins an Oscar for Sally Bowles in Cabaret this year, followed by an Emmy for Liza with a Z next year, followed by a special Tony award in 1974. The Tonight show moves from New York City to Burbank, Calif. - I was a size 14 now I'm a size 8? Nurse-trained Defiance, Ohio-born Alene Bertha Duerk (1920-2018) becomes the first female adm. in the U.S. Navy. The Nat. Inst. for Automotive Service Excellence (NIASE), is founded as a non-profit independent entity to test and certify automotive technicians to help consumers choose; in 1984 it changes its name to ASE, and changes its logo from a gear to a blue seal. Am. graphic designer Paul Rand (Peretz Rosenbaum) (1914-96) creates the IBM 8-Bar Logo; last year he created the Eye Bee M Logo. U.S. breakfast cereal manufacturers begin introducing granola products, incl. Quaker 100% Natural, Kellogg's Country Morning, and Gen. Mills' Granola; too bad, they are filled with fats and sugar. Snapple brand fruit juices are introduced by Unadulterated Food Products of New York City, founded by Hyman Golden (1923-2008-), Leonard Marsh (1923-), and Arnold Greenberg (1922-). McDonald's opens 368 new restaurants, and introduces the Egg McMuffin (invented 1971) to the public, created by Herb Peterson (1919-2008), making McDonald's the first major fast-food chain to offer breakfast items, with Barry Manilow (1946-) singing "You deserve a break today". Pikeville, N.C.-born Eugene Leslie "Gene" Roberts Jr. (1932-) becomes exec ed. of The Philadelphia Inquirer (until 1990), helping it displace The Philadelphia Bulletin and become the crown jewel of Knight Ridder, entering a Golden Age in which it wins 17 Pulitzer Prizes in 18 years after never having won one. The Wolfson History Prizes (originally Wolfson Lit. Awards) are established by the Wolfson Foundation for British history writers. Spanish-born Manolo Blahnik (1942-) begins designing fashionable shoes in London. The front-wheel drive Honda Civic is introduced in July; in 1975 the high fuel-efficiency low-emission 53 hp 1,488 cc CVCC (Compound Vortex Controlled Combustion) engine is introduced, featuring stratified charge, with no need for a catalytic converter or unleaded fuel to meet U.S. emission standards. The 483K-ton $56M Globtik Tokyo supertanker is launched on Oct. 14 in Japan by Globtik Tankers, owned by Indian-born Ravi Tikkoo (1932-), becoming the world's largest supertanker until the Globtik London in 1973. Warren Buffet buys See's Candies (founded in 1921) for $25M because he loves fudge; it goes on to yield $1B in income and rocket the stock of his investment co. R. Crumb follows-up his Zap Comix success with the hardcore comics Snatch and Jizz, featuring a world where people's heads shrink while their sex organs reach gigantic proportions. Sports: On Jan. 7 the Los Angeles Lakers defeat the Atlanta Hawks by 134-90 for an NBA record 33 straight wins, finishing the regular season 69-13, setting a record not broken until the Chicago Bulls go 72-10 in 1995-6; on Apr. 26-May 7, 1972 the 1971 NBA Finals sees the Lakers defeat the New York Knicks 4-1, their first NBA title since moving from Minneapolis, giving a total of 81 regular season and playoff wins, setting a record not broken until the Boston Celtics do it in 1986; the Lakers' Super Six incl. Jim McMillan, Flynn Robinson, Pat Riley, Harold "Happy" Hairston, Leroy Ellis, and Keith Erickson later appear on the episode The Most Crucial Game of Columbo that airs on Nov. 5. On Jan. 18 the Pro Basketball Writers Assoc. is founded at a meeting of sportswriters at the Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles, Calif. during the NBA All-Star Game weekend to formulate policy regarding access to locker rooms, players, and execs, formally organizing on Jan. 23, 1973 at a meeting at the O'Hare Hyatt Regency Hotel in Chicago, Ill.; pres. #1 is Joe Gilmartin of the Phoenix Gazette (until 1974); pres. #6 (1982-3) is Bob Ryan of the Boston Globe; pres. #7 (1983-5) is Fran Blinebury of the Houston Chronicle. On Feb. 5 Saint Kitts, West Indies-born Robert L. "Bob" Douglas (1882-1979), "the Father of Black Professional Basketball" becomes the first African-Am. elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame; he is inducted on Apr. 20. On Feb. 20 the 1972 (14th) Daytona 500 is won by A.J. Foyt (#21) in a 1971 Mercury at an avg. of 161.55 mph. On Feb. 29 Ala.-born Henry Louis "Hammerin' Hank" Aaron (1934-) becomes the first baseball player to sign a baseball contract for the startling sum of $200K a year. On Mar. 17 the first track meet between the U.S. and the Soviet Union is held at Richmond, Va. Coliseum; 16-y.-o. Debbie Heald (1956-) comes from behind to blow away the Russians and set a women's world indoor mile record at 4 min. 38.5 sec. On Apr. 10 the 1972 NBA Draft sees 17 teams select 198 players in 18 rounds; on Apr. 15 the 11th and remaining rounds are held; after he outplays Bill Walton in a game against UCLA in the 1971-2 season, 6'11" center LaRue Martin (1950-) of Loyola U. is selected #1 by the Portland Trail Blazers (#35), going on to be plagued with injuries and bomb out in the NBA, averaging 5.3 points and 4.6 rebounds per game and totalling 1.4K points in four years before retiring in 1976 one year before the Blazers win their first NBA championship in 1977; 6'9" center-forward Robert Allen "Bob" McAdoo (1951-) of the U. of N.C. (junior) (#35) is selected #2 by the Buffalo Braves (#11), moving to the New York Knicks (#21) in 1976-9, the Boston Celtics (#11) in 1979, the Detroit Pistons (#11) in 1979-81, the New Jersey Nets (#11) in 1981, the Los Angeles Lakers (#11) in 1981, and the Philadelphia 76ers (#11) in 1986, after which he plays in Italy, becoming a big star, retiring and becoming an asst. coach for the Miami Heat in 1995 (until ?); 6'4" guard Paul Douglas Westphal (1950-) of USC is selected #10 by the Boston Celtics (#44), moving to the Phoenix Suns (#44) in 1975-80, the Seattle SuperSonics (#44) in 1981-3, and back to the Phoenix Suns (#44) in 1983-4, retiring and becoming head coach of the Phoenix Suns in 1992-5, the Seattle SuperSonics in 1998-2000, and the Sacramento Kings in 2007-8; 6'6" forward-guard Julius Winfield "Dr. J." Erving II (1950-) of the U. of Mass. (#32), who signed with the ABA Virginia Squires (#32) in 1971 is selected #12 by the Milwaukee Bucks, staying with the Squires until 1973, then moving to the ABA New York Nets (#32) in 1973-6 before joining the NBA after the merger, playing for the Philadelphia 76ers (#6) in 1976-87, becoming known for his spectacular slam dunking style that takes it beyond brute force to sheer artistry, "the doctor at work"; 6'3" guard James E. "Jim" Price (1949-) of the U. of Louisville is selected #16 by the Los Angeles Lakers (#15), moving to the Milwaukee Bucks (#25) in 1974-6, the Buffalo Braves (#11) in 1976, the Denver Nuggets (#5) in 1976-8, the Detroit Pistons (#15) in 1978, and finishing with the Los Angeles Lakers (#15) in 1978-9. On Apr. 17 after the women stage a 10 min. sit-down strike at the start to protest women's inequality in marathon running, causing the Boston Marathon to finally allow them to compete, Nina Kuscsik (1939-) of Long Island City, N.Y. wins the first women's competition in the 76th Boston Marathon in 3 hours 8 min. 58 sec; she first competed unofficially in 1969 - my muscles ached all over? On Apr. 22 British rowers Sylvia Cook (1951-) and John Fairfax (1939-) arrive on Hayman Island off Australia after rowing 8K mi. across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco, Calif. in a $5K rowboat. On Apr. 26-May 7 the 1972 NBA Finals sees the Los Angeles Lakers (coach Bill Sharman) defeat the New York Knicks (coach Red Holtzman) by 4-1; on May 7 7'1" center Wilt "the Big Dipper" Chamberlain leads the Los Angeles Lakers to a 114-100 win in Game 5, scoring 24 points and 29 rebounds despite needing an anti-inflammatory injection in a severely sprained wrist, becoming MVP. On Apr. 30-May 11 the 1972 Stanley Cup Finals (their 2nd Finals match since 1929) see the Boston Bruins defeat the New York Rangers (first Finals appearance since 1970) 4-2; MVP is Bobby Orr; in the 1972-3 season the Philadelphia Flyers earn the nickname "the Broad Street Bullies"; coach Frederick Alexander "Fred" "the Fog" Shero (1925-90) tells the press that he coaches them to "take the shortest route to the puck carrier and arrive in ill humor", with top enforcers incl. David William "Dave" "the Hammer" "Grouch" Schultz (1949-) (NHL record 472 penalty min. in a single season), Robert James "Bob" "Hound Dog" Kelly (1950-), Donald Patrick "Don" "Big Bird" Saleski (1949-), and Andre "Moose" Dupont (1949-), and top skill players incl. Robert Earle "Bob" Bobby" Clarke (1949-)(2-way forward) (3-time NHL MVP), Reginald Joseph "Reggie" Leach (1950-), Orest Michael "Oscar' "Ernie" Kindrachuk (1950-), and William Charles "Bill" Barber (1952-); Saleski (Big Bird), Dave Schultz (Grouch), and Orest Kindrachuck (Oscar or Ernie) are also called the "Sesame Street Line". On Apr. 30-May 11 the Boston Bruins defeat the New York Rangers by 4-2 to win the 1972 Stanley Cup. On May 27 the 1972 Indianapolis 500 is won by Mark Neary Donohue Jr. (1937-75). On June 19 after St. Louis Cardinals black centerfielder Curtis Charles "Curt" Flood (1938-97) files suit in 1969, the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-3 in Flood v. Kuhn to refuse to lift the immunity from antitrust laws granted to ML baseball by Congress in 1922; Justice Harry Blackmun writes a 7-page intro. titled "The Game", giving a tribute to the game's history with a lengthy listing of 83 baseball stars, becoming one of his claims to fame along with his opinion in Roe v. Wade (1973). Fork lowbrow physical sports, it's mental sports time, and there's only room for one at the top? On Sept. 1 after shocking the chess world with 6-0 shutouts of Jorgen Bent Larsen (1935-2010) of Denmark and Mark Evgenievich Taimanov (1926-) of Russia (who is punished by the Soviets with loss of salary and cancelation of his visa, but later forgiven since he also beat Larsen), then defeating Armenian Soviet champ Tigran Petrosian (1929-84), giving him 12 consecutive Vs in world championship chess matches in 1971 (a first), then losing his first game nd forfeiting his 2nd because they wouldn't remove the cameras, Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (1943-2008) becomes world chess champ #11 (until 1975) (first Amerikansky), defeating Russia's Boris Spassky (1937-) in Reykjavik, Iceland by 12-1/2 games to 8-1/2; the match is a giant Cold War propaganda V for the U.S. against the Soviets, who had been claiming that they were smarter than the Yankee imperialists, but Fischer later ruins it with anti-Semitic and anti-U.S. comments, even though his parents are Jewish; his purse is a record $250K; a longtime tithing supporter of the Herbert W. Armstrong Armageddon-mongering Bible-thumping Christian outfit in the U.S., he later repudiates them after the scandals surface; meanwhile on Aug. 5-8 the first Computer Chess Championship is held in Stockholm, Sweden, and the Soviet Union's Caissa program wins with 4 out of 4 - proving that chess is a giant waste of the intellect after one gets too serious about it? On Sept. 30 Roberto Clemente of the Pittsburgh Pirates hits his 3000th and last as a Pirate, with a double in a game against the New York Mets in a 5-0 V at Three Rivers Stadium. On Nov. 8 over the objections of the New York Rangers, the New York Islanders (AKA the Isles) NHL team is founded in New York City, playing their home games in the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum; on Oct. 12, 1972 they score their first win in a 3-2 game against the Los Angeles Kings, finishing last with a NHL low 12-60-6 record despite a 9-7 win over the champion Boston Bruins on Jan. 18; starting in their 3rd season (1974) after drafting 6'0" defenceman Denis Charles Potvin (1953-) (#5) in 1973, they secure 14 straight playoff berths starting in 1974, and 19 straight playoff wins in 1980-4, winning four straight Stanley Cups in 1980-3, becoming a dynasty. On Dec. 23 Pittsburgh Steelers RB Franco Harris (1950-) performs the Immaculate Reception, retrieving a seemingly incomplete pass just before it hits the ground for a 60-yard TD with 5 sec. to play, lifting the Steelers past the Oakland Raiders 12-7 in the AFC divisional playoff game. After the Baltimore Colts lose the AFC title game 21-0 to the Miami Dolphins, owner Carroll Rosenbloom (1907-79) swaps the team for the Los Angeles Rams with owner Robert Irsay (1923-97); investor Hugh Franklin Culverhouse (1919-94) helps broker the deal, going on to buy the new NFL (NFC) Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1976, and stink himself up by keeping the payroll one of the lowest in the league, causing talented players incl. Steve Young, and Doug Williams to bolt. Stanley Roger "Stan" Smith (1946-) of the U.S. wins the Wimbledon men's singles title, and Billie Jean King wins the women's singles title; Ilie "Nasty" Nastase (1946-) of Romania wins the U.S. Open men's title, and Billie Jean King wins the women's title; next year Nastase wins 17 tournaments, incl. the French Open (without dropping a set, a first) and Masters, becoming #1 in the world (until 1974); "As long as I can get angry I play well"; the U.S. wins the Davis Cup of tennis for the 5th straight time. Am. swimmer Lynne Cox (1957-), who was in the first group to swim the Catalina Island Channel in Calif. last year swims the English channel in 9 hours 57 min.; next year she sets a world record of 9 hours 36 min.; in 1974 she tries to swim the Nile River but contracts dysentery; in 1975 she becomes the first woman to swim Cook Strait in New Zealand, and in 1976 she becomes the first to swim the Straits of Magellan in Chile, and to swim around Cape Point in South Africa; she later becomes the first to swim the Bering Strait, and swims 1.6km in Antarctic waters in 25 min. The Quebec Nordiques of the World Hockey Assoc. (WHA) are founded in Quebec City, joining the NHL in 1979 as part of the NHL-WHA merger; after the 1994-95 season they move to Denver, Colo., becoming the Colorado Avalanche. The Assoc. of Tennis Profs. (ATP) is founded for male prof. tennis players; next year the Women's Tennis Assoc. (WTA) is founded for women. Architecture: On Feb. 11 $32M Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, Long Island, N.Y., 30 km (19 mi.) from New York City opens as the home of the NHL New York Islanders (until Aug. 5, 2015). On Aug. 12 Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Mo. (begun 1968), designed by Am. architect Charles U. Deaton (1921-96) opens as the home for the NFL Kansas City Chiefs (until ?), becoming known for the loudest fan noise in the NFL (116 dB), and dubbed the "toughest play to play" by Sports Illustrated mag.; the inaugural game is with the St. Louis Cardinals; Ewing M. Kauffman Stadium is built next to it for the ML baseball Kansas City Royals, opening next Apr. 10 (until ?), then hosting the 40th All-Star Game on July 24, the two being called the Truman Sports Complex. On Oct. 14 the $17M Omni Coliseum in Atlanta, Ga. opens as the home of the NBA Atlanta Hawks and the new NHL Atlanta Flames, which in 1980 after only two post-season wins moves to Calgary, Alberta, Canada, becoming the Calgary Flames, playing their home games at the $97M Olympic Saddledome (opened Oct. 15, 1983) (Canadian Airlines Saddledome in 1995, Pengrowth Saddledome in 2000, and Scotiabank Saddledome in 2010), and getting into the rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta with the Edmonton Oilers. On Nov. 2 construction begins on the $67M Kingdome in Seattle, Wash.; on Mar. 27, 1976 it opens as the home of the Seattle Seahawks, and is demolished on Mar. 26, 2000. On Nov. 28 the $12.5M Art Nouveau Gershwin Theatre (Uris Theatre until June 5, 1983) at 222 West 51st St. in Manhattan, N.Y. opens on the site of the former Capitol Theatre, named after brothers George and Ira Gershwin, with the largest seating capacity (1,933) of any Broadway theater. The space-age 853-ft. (260m) 48-story Transamerica Pyramid Bldg. at 600 Montgomery St. in San Francisco, Calif. is completed, designed by Am. architect William Leonard Pereira (1909-85), whose portrait bears a striking resemblance to Hollywood actor Richard Tiffany Gere (1949-)? Spaghetti Junction 3-level interchange in Graveley Hill, Birmingham, England opens, linking Scotland, London, and SW England, becoming the largest in Europe (until ?). The Denver Center for the Performing Arts (DCPA) is founded by Donald R. Seawell in a slummy part of downtown Denver, Colo. despite opposition from the Rocky Mt. News, and goes on to add the 2.7K-seat Boettcher Concert Hall (first concert hall in the round in the U.S.) in 1978, the 2,880-seat Buell Theatre in 1991, and the Seawell Ballroom in 1998. Nobel Prizes: Peace: no award; Lit.: Heinrich Theodor Boll (1917-85) (West Germany); Physics: John Bardeen (1908-91) (U.S.) (1st Nobel in 1956), Leon N. Cooper (1930-) (U.S.), and John Robert Schrieffer (1931-) (U.S.) [BCS superconductivity theory]; Chem.: Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Jr. (1916-95), Stanford Moore (1913-82), and William Howard Stein (1911-80) (U.S.) [RNA structure and catalytic activity]; Medicine: Gerald Maurice Edelman (1929-) (U.S.) and Rodney Robert Porter (1917-85) (U.K.) [antibody structure]; Economics: Kenneth Joseph Arrow (1921-) (U.S.) (youngest to receive this award until ?) and Sir John Richard Hicks (1904-89) (U.K.) [gen. equilibrium and welfare theory]. Inventions: On Mar. 27 the Soviet Union launches the Venera 8 space probe, which lands on Venus in Vasilisa Regio on July 22, and sends back data for 50 min. 11 sec., incl. the news that the surface rock is similar to granite. On Apr. 14 the Soviet Union launches the Prognoz 1 spacecraft to study the Sun; first of a series of 12 (ends Aug. 29, 1996) - born to be wi-i-i-ld? In Apr. Polaroid introduces the (film your own sex in the 70s?) Polaroid SX-70 Camera, producing a color print that develops outside the camera while the photographer watches. On May 10 the $18.8M single-seat twin turbofan engine, straight wing Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II "Warthog" ("Hog") jet aircraft makes its first flight, becoming the USAF's airplane of choice for close-in support of ground troops, close air support, and anti-heli action when introduced in Mar. 1977; 716 are built by 1984; in 2016 it is upgraded for combat search and rescue. On May 24 Magnavox introduces the Magnavox Odyssey home video game system, designed by German-born Jewish-Am. engineer Ralph Henry (Rudolf Heinrich) Baer (1922-2014), which uses an RCA TV screen and sells 100K the first year; meanwhile after founding Atari Corp. (Jap. "check in the game of Go") on June 26, investing $250 each with his friend Ted Dabny, and hiring engineer Allan Alcorn (1949-) to design and program it, Utah-born Nolan Bushnell (1943-) installs the first of 6K $1K Atari Pong video game machines in Andy Capp's Tavern in Sunnyvale, Calif. in Sept.; the first version of Pong has a B&W Motorola TV screen and costs 25 cents per play, with the instructions "Avoid missing ball for high score"; the video game industry is launched, becoming a 1980s social phenomenon; in 1975 Atari starts selling through Sears & Roebuck stores; too bad, clone makers and pirates soon fracture the market, preventing a Microsoft, er, monopoly from being created, but the example gives crafty Bill Gates the idea of creating one? The June issue of the Calif. mag. Ramparts pub. the schematics of a Blue Box, used by techno-geeks to gain free long distance access to U.S. phone lines by generating a 2600 Hz signal, causing the authorities to shut them down and seize all issues in a vain attempt to stop the practice, which only makes it more popular? On July 27 the twin-engine all-weather McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle makes its first flight, becoming the #1 air superiority fighter, with a combat record of 100-0; on Dec. 11, 1986 the all-weather the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle makes its first flight. In July David Reeves Boggs (1950-) of Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center combines packet switching from the Arpanet and single wire broadcasting to lay the foundations for computer networks with the Ethernet system, which transmits data at 3M bits per sec.; on Sept. 30, 1980 the IEEE pub. the first draft of the DIX (Digital/Intel/Xerox) std., specifying 10M bits per sec. and a global 16-bit type field. On Sept. 4 the 3-man Bartini Beriev VVA-14 wing-in-ground-effect VTOL aircraft, designed by Italian-born Robert Ludvigovich Bartini (Roberto Oros di Bartini) 1897-1974) makes its first flight, with the goal of hi speed hi alt. and hovercraft flight to hunt and kill U.S. Navy Polaris missile subs; too bad, after Bartini's 1974 death, the project is canceled after 107 flights and 103 hours airtime, with only two built. On Oct. 28 the twin-engine med.-range widebody Airbus A300 airliner makes its first flight, becoming the world's first twin-engined widebody jet, challenging U.S. dominance; 561 are built by 2007. On Nov. 30 the Lippisch Aerodyne E1 experimental VTOL aircraft is successfully tested in Western Germany, winning an Oscar for weird looks. Intel Corp. introduces the Intel 8008, the first 8-bit microprocessor in Apr., containing 3.5K transistors, compared to 2.3K in the 4004. Lexitron introduces the first commercial Word Processing System, followed by Vydek Corp., which introduces the first with a CRT screen and printer, and Wang labs. Philips and MCA demonstrate the first Videodisc based on reflective mode Laserdisc technology. Threshold Technologies introduces the VIP 100, the first commercial speech-recognition system. Telenet Communications Corp. of New York City and Tymnet of San Jose, Calif. introduce time-sharing computer networks. Bell Labs engineer Dennis Ritchie (1941-2011) creates the C Programming Language for the Unix operating system; it goes on to become the language of choice for PC programmers. French computer scientist Alain Colmeraurer (1941-) of Marseille develops the Prolog(Programming Logic) computer language for artificial intelligence (AI) applications. Am. computer scientist Alan Curtis Kay (1940-) develops the object-oriented computer language Smalltalk, based on Simula, complete with a GUI with windows and icons. The Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) Scanner is invented by South African-born physicist Allan MacLeod Cormac (1924-98) of Tufts U. and British engineer Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (1919-2004) of EMI Labs, and on Oct. 4 it detects its first brain tumor in a living patient, winning them the 1979 Nobel Medicine Prize; it is built with money earned from sales of Beatles records; a scanner costs $500K+. Canon introduces the first color photocopier. Phillips Corp. of the Netherlands introduces the Laservision disk-laser recording system for home movies. The Hurst Co. invents the hydraulic Jaws of Life to free victims of car race crashes, and they later are used for road accidents. Hamilton Watch Co. produces the first all-electronic wristwatch with a digital display, the Pulsar, at a mere $2,100. Teletext is invented for use by BBC-TV. Philips Co. of the Netherlands publicly demonstrates the VLP LaserDisc video disk for music; it is marketed in the U.S. starting on Dec. 15, 1978; in 1979 the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry demonstrates its use in searching the front page of any Chicago Tribune newspaper; the first movie titled marketed in North Am. is "Jaws" in 1978; the last are "Sleepy Hollow" and "Bringing Out the Dead" in 2000, after which it is replaced by the DVD. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), based on energy absorption by nuclei is pioneered by Am. chemist Paul Christian Lauterbur (1929-2007) in his farmhouse basement in Sidney, Ohio by making fuzzy 2-D images of water in small glass tubes, getting rejected by Nature as trivial, then refined by English physicist Sir Peter Mansfield (1933-), for which they are awarded the 2003 Nobel Physics Prize; they are introduced in Britain in 1982, and the FDA approves them for the U.S. in 1984; they cost 50% more than CAT-scanners, but are superior in permitting blood flow to be viewed; Armenian-Am. Harvard medical grad student Raymond Vahan Damadian (1936-) of the U.S. started it all, coming up with the idea in 1969 and applying for the first patent in 1971, and receiving it in 1973, then performing the first full body scan July 2, 1977, although without a mechanism for generating images - is there a doctor in the house? Amos Edward Joel Jr. (1918-2008) of Bell Labs patents the basic switching technology for cell phones (#3,663,762). Texas Instruments patents the first film-less Electronic Camera. John Stalberger and Mike Marshall (1947-75) of the Oregon City, Ore. invent the Hacky (Hackey) Sack (Footbag), which becomes a hit in the 1980s; in 1983 it is acquired by Wham-O. Mr. Coffee automatic drip coffeemaker, invented by former Westinghouse engineers Edmund Angel Abel Jr. (1921-2014) and Edwin Schultz for North Am. Systems (NAS) of Cleveland, Ohio, founded by Vincent George Marotta Sr. (1924-2015) and Samuel Lewis Glazer (1923-2012) is introduced, making superior coffee to percolators, which often burn the coffee; in 1973 baseball star Joe DiMaggio becomes the spokesman, causing 1M units to be sold by Apr. 1974, gaining 50% of the U.S. coffee maker market by 1979; in 1994 it is acquired by Health O Meter Products (later Signature Brands USA), which in 1998 is acquired by Sunbeam Corp. (Am. Household Inc.), which in Jan. 2005 is acquired by Jarden. Bartender Robert "Rosebud" Butt of the Oak Beach Inn in Babylon, Long Island, N.Y. allegedly invents Long Island Iced Tea, made with equal parts of vodka, gin, tequila, rum, and triple sec, along with sour or sweet-sour mix and a splash of cola or iced tea. Science: In Apr. Cornell U. graduate student Douglas Dean Osheroff (1945-) discovers that Helium-3 becomes a superfluid at very cold temps, winning him a share of the 1996 Nobel Physics Prize. The penicillin-based antiobiotic Amoxicillin (Amoxil) (Amoxil) (discovered in 1958) first becomes available for curing middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, skin and urinary tract infections, becoming popular; when combined with clavulanic acid it is known as Augmentin, causing the frequent side-effect of diarrhea. Belgian molecular biologist Walter Fiers (1931-2019) and his team sequence the gene for bacteriophage MS2 coat protein, becoming the first sequencing of a gene, launching the Genomics Era; on Apr. 8 1976 they complete the sequencing of bacteriophage MS2 RNA. Romanian physician Corneliu E. Giurgea (1923-95) coins the term "Nootropic" (Gr. "nous" + "trepein" = mind + bend) for smart drugs and cognitive/intelligence enhancers. The speed of light is experimentally determined by the Nat. Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colo. using a methane-stabilized laser to be 299,792,456.2 m/sec., increasing the previous accuracy by 100x. After inserting a human gene into bacterial DNA, the first Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are synthesized by Paul Berg (1926-) et al. of Stanford U., winning him the 1980 Nobel Chem. Prize; in 1974 fearing the creation of a virulent drug-resistant strain, a committee of 139 scientists from the U.S. Nat. Academy of Sciences led by Berg calls for a temporary worldwide ban on rDNA genetic manipulation experiments involving the bacterium Escherichia coli (found in the human digestive tract), then lift it on June 23, 1976 with a ban on other forms of genetic experimentation. Mexican-born Israeli physicist Jacob David Bekenstein (1947-) predicts that black holes should have a positive temperature and entropy. Belgian scientist Jean-Francois Borel (1933-) discovers the immunosuppresant Cyclosporin, useful in preventing rejection of organ transplants; it is approved by the FDA in 1983. UCB asst. math prof. Stephen Arthur Cook (1939-) proves that the Boolean Satisfiability Problem in formal logic is NP-Complete, solvable in nondeterministic polynomial time; too bad, he leaves open the question of whether complexity classes P (solvable in polynomial time) and NP (solvable in nondeterministic polynomial time) are equivalent, and the math dept. at UCB stinks itself up by refusing to give him tenure, after which he moves to the U. of Toronto. Am. physicist Murray Gell-Mann (1929-) develops Quantum Chromodynamics to link quarks and color forces; Gell-Mann and Harald Fritsch propose Gluonium (Glueballs) (Gluon-Balls), composed entirely of gluons (i.e., pure force); verified by researchers at TU Wien in 2015? Am. paleontologists Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002) and Niles Eldredge (1943-) pub. the Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium to explain why evolution seems to occur in short bursts not continually, claiming it does it via one species splitting into two species (cladogenesis), without explaining how it works or turns on and off? Am. chemist Dudley Robert Herschbach (1932-), Taiwanese chemist Yuan Tseh Lee (1936-), and Hungarian-Canadian chemist John Charles Polanyi (1929-) develop a supermachine for Crossed Molecular Beam Spectroscopy to study elementary reaction processes at the molecular level, winning them the 1986 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. psychiatrist David S. Janowsky et al. determine that manic depression (bipolar disorder) is caused by an imbalance between andrenergic and cholinergic transmitters. Kenyan-born anthropologist Richard Erskine Frere Leakey (1944-) (son of Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey, who dies this year, leaving him to carry on) and South African anthopologist Glynn Llywelyn Isaac (1937-85) discover a human skull in Koobi Fora Ridge on the E shore of Lake Turkana in N Kenya dated to 1.8M to 2.4M B.C.E., the oldest yet, making Leakey into a celeb. Yakima, Wash.-born Chicago School economist Robert Emerson Lucas Jr. (1937-) proposes the Lucas Aggregate Supply Function, which states that economic output is a function of money or price "surprise", breaking from the Phillips Curve by claiming that only unanticipated price level changes lead to changes in output, maintaining the neutrality of money, i.e., absence of a long run price or money supply relationship with output and employment, along with the policy ineffectiveness proposition that people with rational expectations can't be systematically surprised by monetary policy, hence it can't be used to systematically influence the economy; early in this decade he founds New Classical Macroeconomics, using Milton Friedman's monetarist critique of Keynesianism and John Muth's theory of rational expectations to oppose the idea of govt. intervention in the economy; Lucas receives the 1995 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. geophysicist William Jason Morgan (1935-) of Princeton U. pub. the theory that the Hawaiian Islands were formed as the Pacific Plate moved over the Emperor Seamounts. Am. astronomers Carl Edward Sagan (1934-96) and George Mullen propose the Faint Early (Young) Sun Paradox (Problem), that the Earth's climate has been fairly constant for the last 4B years yet the Sun's radiation has increased by 25%-30%; in 1993 Am. scientist Jim Fraser Kasting (1953-) concludes that CO2 was 30% of the Earth's atmosphere, creating a greenhouse effect; in 2010 Danish scientist Minik Rosing et al. propose that the cloud layer was thinner in the past, allowing more rays to reach the Sun, and that the CO2 levels were only 0.1%. English historian Lawrence Stone (1919-99) coins the term "Prosopography" for an investigation of the common background characteristics of a historical group, usually via statistics; based on the word "prosopoeia" (Gr. "face created") coined by Quintilian, in which an absent, dead, or imaged person is figured forth. Soviet physicist Yuri Dmitrievich Prokoshkin (1929-97) et al. verify the existence of antimatter particles. Dutch physicist Martinus J.G. Veltman (1931-) and his student Gerardus 't Hooft (1946-) of Utrecht U. makes a major breakthrough by proving that Yang-Mills theory can be renormalized, allowing precise calculations of physical properties of subatomic particles, incl. the W and Z particles, winning them the 1999 Nobel Physics Prize, although in the meantime Veltman grumbles that Hooft got all the credit and leaves Utrecht U. in 1981. Am. physicist Burton Richter (1931-) of Stanford U. et al. build the 3 GeV Stanford Positron-Electron Assymetric Ring (SPEAR) for research into subatomic particles, going on in 1974 to discover the J/Psi Meson (Psion), consisting of a 4th quark, the Charm Quark (about 1.5Kx as massive as an electron), plus its antiquark, which is 3.5x as massive as a proton, and is the first in a class of massive long-lived mesons, winning the 1976 Nobel Physics Prize; Samuel Chao Chung Ting (1936-) discovers it independently in 1974, calling it the J Particle, and shares the prize, becoming the first to deliver an acceptance speech in Chinese - j/psi sounds Chinese anyway? In 1972 scientists at Bell Labs develop the first narrow-linewidth Tunable Continuous-Wave Laser. Scottish scientists devise the Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Test for amniotic fluid to detect anencephaly and spina bifida. The Fermi Nat. Accelerabor Lab (Fermilab) in Batavia, Ill. begins operation, reaching 400 GeV. In May the 100m 3.2K-ton Effelsberg Telescope, the world's largest movable radio telescope (until 1991), built by Friedrich Becker (1900-85) on the Eifel Mt. Plateau near Bonn, West Germany becomes operational. Nonfiction: Mortimer Adler (1902-2001) and Charles Van Doren (1926-), How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading. Herbert Sebastian Agar (1897-1980), The Darkest Year: Britain Alone, June 1940 - June 1941. Sydney E. Ahlstrom (1919-84), A Religious History of the American People; the #1 book on religion of the 1970s? Robert Coleman Atkins (1930-2003), Dr. Atkins' Diet Revolution; advocates closely controlling carbohydrate intake in favor of proteins and fats, incl. saturated fat, plus leafy vegetables and dietary supplements. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature; objects to subordination of Canadian lit. to Britain and the U.S., making her a star in Canada. A.J. Ayer (1910-89), Bertrand Russell. Donald Bain (1935-), The Coffee Tea or Me Girls Lay it on the Line. James Baldwin (1924-87), No Name in the Street (essays); "As social and moral and political and sexual entities, white Americans are probably the sickest and certainly the most dangerous people of any color to be found in the world today." Harry Elmer Barnes (1889-1968), Selected Revisionist Pamphlets (posth.); argues against the historicity of the Nazi Holocaust, 6 Million Version. William Christopher Barrett (1913-92), Time of Need: Forms of Imagination in the Twentieth Century. Richard Barnet (1929-2004), Roots of War. Gregory Bateson (1904-80), pub. Steps to an Ecology of Mind; contribution to Ecological Anthropology. Simone Beauvoir (1908-86), All Said and Done (autobio.) - why does her name remind me of beaver? Petr Beckmann (1924-93), The Structure of Language: A New Approach. Rudy Behlmer (ed.), Memo from David O. Selznick (autobio.). Samuel Nathaniel Behrman (1893-1973), People in a Diary (autobio.). Lerone Bennett Jr. (1928-2018), The Challenge of Blackness. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), Mysteries from Forgotten Worlds. Carol Botwin (1929-97), Sex and the Teenage Girl (first book). Sir Rudolf Bing (1902-97), 5000 Nights at the Opera (autobio.). Charles Dunbar Broad (1887-1971), Broad's Critical Essays in Moral Philosophy (posth.) (June). David Salzer Broder (1929-), The Party's Over: The Failure of Politics in America. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000), Report from Part One (autobio.); "I — who have 'gone the gamut' from an almost angry rejection of my dark skin by some of my brainwashed brothers and sisters to a surprised queenhood in the new Black sun — am qualified to enter at least the kindergarten of new consciousness now. New consciousness and trudge-toward-progress. I have hopes for myself... I know now that I am essentially an essential African, in occupancy here because of an indeed 'peculiar' institution... I know that Black fellow-feeling must be the Black man's encyclopedic Primer. I know that the Black-and-white integration concept, which in the mind of some beaming early saint was a dainty spinning dream, has wound down to farce... I know that the Black emphasis must be not against white but FOR Black... In the Conference-That-Counts, whose date may be 1980 or 2080 (woe betide the Fabric of Man if it is 2080), there will be no looking up nor looking down." Bryher (1894-1983), The Days of Mars: A Memoir, 1940-1946 (autobio.). Zbigniew Brzezinski (1928-), The Fragile Blossom: Crisis and Change in Japan; Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technotronic Era. Pearl S. Buck (1892-1973), Pearl S. Buck's Oriental Cookbook. Kenneth Burke (1897-1993), Dramatism and Development. Peter Burke (1937-), The Italian Renaissance: Culture and Society in Italy (first book). James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014), Uncommon Sense. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Herself (autobio.). Daniel Harold Casriel (1924-83), A Scream Away from Happiness; describes the New Identity Process, group psychotherapy using screaming, hugging, and affirmation of basic needs, with all patient statements prefaced by "Fuck you!"; in 2001 the name is changed to Bonding Psychotherapy. Phyllis Chesler (1940-), Women and Madness; "Double standards of mental health and illness exist... women are often punitively labelled as a function of gender, race, class, or sexual preference"; Wonder Woman. Robert Coles (1929-), Farewell to the South. Larry Collins (1929-2005) and Dominique LaPierre (1931-), O Jerusalem!; the 1948 birth of Israel. Alex Comfort (1920-2000), The Joy of Sex: A Gourmet Guide to Lovemaking; original title "The Cordon Bleu Guide to Lovemaking"; sells 8M copies; incl. "how to treat a partner who is hip for discipline". Robert Conquest (1917-2015), Lenin. Fred James Cook (1911-2003), The Muckrakers: Crusading Journalists Who Changed America; The Cuban Missile Crisis, October, 1962: The U.S. and Russia Face a Nuclear Showdown. Adi Da (1939-2008), The Knee of Listening: The Divine Ordeal of The Avataric Incarnation of Conscious Light; about his Sept. 1970 full enlightenment in the Vedanta Society Temple in Hollywood to "The Bright", claiming to be an avatar and gaining followers and fans incl. Ken Wilber; "Death is utterly acceptable to consciousness and life. There has been endless time of numberless deaths, but neither consciousness nor life has ceased to arise. The felt quality and cycle to death has not modified the fragility of flowers, even the flowers within the human body. Therefore, one's understanding of consciousness and life must be turned to that utter, inclusive quality, that clarity and wisdom, that power and untouchable gracefulness this evidence suggests"; no surprise, after he moves to Naitauba Island in Fiji in 1983, allegations surface about his abusive behavior, which doesn't stop him from running his org. of followers called Adidam (Dawn Horse Communion), which survives his death. Jonathan Worth Daniels (1902-81), The Randolphs of Virginia; Christopher Henry Dawson (1889-1970), The Gods of Revolution. John Randolph (1773-1833). Jules Regis Debray (1940-), The Chilean Revolution: Conversations with Allende (Jan. 1). R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), For My Own Amusement; chides himself for his sterotyped views on women. Paul Howard Douglas (1892-1976), In the Fullness of Time: The Memoirs of Paul H. Douglas. Hubert Dreyfus, What Computers Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason - Jesus blows up balloons all day? Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Une Eglise qui se Trompe de Siecle. Allen Drury (1918-98), Courage and Hesitation: Inside the Nixon Administration. Nevill Drury (1947-) and Colin Wilson (1931-), The Search for Abraxas. Martin Bauml Duberman (1930-), Black Mountain: An Exploration in Community. Rene Dubos (1901-82) and Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81), Only One Earth: The Care and Maintenance of a Small Planet; written for the 1972 U.N. Conference on the Human Environment; "We are a ship's company on a small ship. Rational behaviour is the condition of survival." Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-) and Deirdre English (1948-), Witches, Midwives and Nurses: A History of Women Healers; explains why 93% of U.S. physicians are male while women make up 70% of all health care workers, because wealthy men have persecuted wise women healers through the ages? Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Zalmoxis, The Vanishing God. M.C. Escher (1898-1972) et al., The World of M.C. Escher. Ladislas Farago (1906-80), The Game of the Foxes: The Untold Story of German Espionage in the U.S. and Britain During WWII. Leslie Fielder (1917-2003), Cross the Border - Close the Gap; To the Gentiles; Unfinished Business (essays); The Collected Essays of Leslie Fiedler (2 vols.). Totie Fields (1930-78), I Think I'll Start Monday: The Official 8-1/2 oz. Mashed Potato Diet. Frances FitzGerald (1940-), Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam (Pulitzer Prize); a landmark book giving the South Vietnamese side of the Vietnam War (first book by an American on America in Vietnam), incl. how their traditions don't jive with Western notions of democracy, progress, and technology, dooming the U.S. effort from the start, along with the U.S. penchant for supporting gangsters who sell-out for U.S. money instead of patriotic George Washingtons like Ho Chi Minh, turning the pop. against them; "But the American officials in supporting the Saigon government insisted that they were defending 'freedom and democracy' in Asia. They left the GIs to discover that the Vietnamese did not fit into their experience of either 'communist' or 'democrats.' Under different circumstances this invincible ignorance..."; "Whatever strategy the American government uses to carry on the war, it will only be delaying the inevitable." James Fuller Fixx (1932-84), Games for the Super-Intelligent (Jan. 1). James Thomas Flexner (1908-2003), George Washington: Anguish and Farewell, 1793-1799; vol. 4 of 4 (1965-72). Radu Florescu and Raymond McNally, In Search of Dracula: The History of Dracula and Vampires; Boston College history professors claim that Bram Stoker's Dracula is based on Wallachian prince Vlad III the Dracula the Impaler (1431-76) of Transylvania, who lived in Bran Castle on the Transylvanian border in modern-day Romania, causing a sensation. Peter J. French (1942-76), John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus. John Lewis Gaddis (1941-), The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941-1947; rev. ed. 2000; argues that Stalin's personality is one of the most important causes, and that the U.S. had a relatively narrow range of options, establishing him as a leading authority on the Cold War, launching his career as "Dean of Cold War Historians". John William Gardner (1912-2002), In Common Cause. Peter Gay (1923-2015), Gerald J. Cavanaugh, and Victor G. Wexler, Historians at Work (4 vols.) (1972-5). Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931), Beloved Prophet: The Love Letters of Kahlil Gibran and Mary Haskell, and Her Private Journal; ed. by Virginia Hilu. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Russian History Atlas. Duane Gish (1921-2013), Evidence Against Evolution; San Diego biochemist becomes a hit with the Inst. of Creation Research, becoming known as "Creationism's T.H. Husley". Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Spanish Armadas; of 1588 and 1598. Dick Gregory (1932-), Dick Gregory's Political Primer; "In 1976 our nation will be two hundred years old... The way things are going in America today, it is probably wise to get a five-year headstart in celebrating. It's hard to say for certain at this point if there will be elections in '76, much less a nation." David Halberstam (1934-2007), The Best and the Brightest; about the bumbling U.S. entry into the Vietnam War under the JFK admin. and its "whiz kids", who arrogantly insisted on "brilliant policies that defied common sense", ignoring the advice of career U.S. State Dept. employees; "If there was ever anything that bound the men... together, it was the belief that their intelligence and rationality could answer and solve everything." Oscar Handlin (1915-2011), A Pictorial History of Immigration. Peter Handke (1942-), I Am An Ivory Tower Dweller (essays). Louis Rudolph Harlan (1922-2010), Booker T. Washington: The Making of a Black Leader, 1856-1901; vol. 1 of 2 (1983). Seymour Myron Hersh (1937-), Cover-Up: The Army's Secret Investigation of the Massacre at My Lai. Xaviera Hollander (1943-), Robin Moore (1925-2008), and Yvonne Dunleavy, The Happy Hooker: My Own Story; Dutch ho opens the Vertical Whorehouse in New York City, gets deported in 1971, and writes a bestseller glorifying prostitution; Dunleavy ghost-writes it for $100K; hos are now in? Christopher Hill (1912-2003), The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas During the English Revolution. Josh McDowell (1939-), Evidence That Demands a Verdict: Historical Evidence for the Christian Faith (Jan. 1) (rev. ed. 2009); becomes a bestseller, spawning a series. Harford Montgomery Hyde (1907-89), The Other Love: An Historical and Contemporary Survey of Homosexuality in Britain. Irving Lester Janis (1918-90), Victims of Groupthink. Elizabeth Jenkins (1905-2010), Dr. Gully's Story (Feb.); Victorian physician James Manby Gully (1808-83). Walter Johnson (1915-85), The Papers of Adlai Stevenson (8 vols.) (1972-9). Mary McCarthy (1912-89), Medina; the 1968 My Lai Massacre and Ernest Medina, in whom she sees "no traces whatever of the crime and its aftermath either in Medina, joking and whispering with counsel", or the others who testify. Clifford Irving (1930-), The Autobiography of Howard Hughes - should be in Fiction category? Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-), Conspiracy at Matsukawa (Apr. 13). Michael F. Jacobson, The Complete Eater's Digest: The Consumer's Fact Book of Food Additives (June); bestseller (380K copies). Haynes Johnson (1931-) and Nick Kotz, The Unions. Haynes Johnson (1931-) and George C. Wilson, Army in Anguish. Roger Kahn (1927-), The Boys of Summer (autobio.); the Brooklyn Dodgers of 1952-3; "I see the boys of summer in their ruin" (Dylan Thomas). Michael G. Kammen (1936-2013), People of Paradox: An Inquiry Concerning the Origins of American Civilization (Pulitzer Prize); contradictions in Am. history incl. Puritanism vs. Hedonism vs. Materialism. George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), Memoirs: 1950-1963. Frances Parkinson Keyes (1885-1970), All Flags Flying: Reminiscences (autobio.) (posth.). Ken Keyes Jr. (1921-95), Handbook to Higher Consciousness; bestseller (1M copies) about his Living Love method of personal growth incl. the Twelve Pathways. Kenneth Kitchen (1932-), The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt, 1100-650 BC; becomes a std. work. KJ, The Bethlehem Bastard (Sept.) (Boulder, Colo.); 4-page pamphlet founding a new religion based on hating Jesus Christ from an atheist perspective, becoming its sacred text; starts as a joke, but grows serious; KJ is an alias of TLW. Alan Charles Kors (1943-) and Edward Peters (eds.) Witchcraft in Europe, 400-1700: A Documentary History; rev. ed. 2001. Jonathan Kozol (1936-), Free Schools. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (1926-2004), Questions and Answers On Death and Dying. Gavin Lambert (1924-2005), On Cukor; gay film dir. writes about ditto, George Cukor (1899-1983). Joseph P. Lash (1909-87), Eleanor: The Years Alone. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Rover and Other Cats (essays). Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), The Way of the Masks; intro. to his structuralism. Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), Home from the War: Vietnam Veterans - Neither Victims nor Executioners. John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001), The Center of the Cyclone: An Autobiography of Inner Space; his LSD and ketamine trips in isolation tanks, and his spiritual training by Oscar Ichazo in Chile, helping him achieve the maximum degree of Satori-Samadhi consciousness. Alexander Luria (1902-77), The Man with a Shattered World: The History of a Brain Wound. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Existential Errands; St. George and the Godfather; the 1972 U.S. pres. conventions. Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), Counterrevolution and Revolt. Frances Marion (1888-1973), Off With Their Heads: A Serio-Comic Tale of Hollywood; by the screenwriter of "The Poor Little Rich Girl", "The Big House", and "The Champ". Jacob Marschak (1898-1977) and Roy Radner, Economic Theory of Teams. Robin Maugham (1916-81), Escape from the Shadows (autobio). Rollo May (1909-94), Power and Innocence: A Search for the Sources of Violence. Pete McCloskey (1927-), Truth and Untruth: Political Deceit in America. Alfred William McCoy (1945-), The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia; based on his June 2 testimony before the U.S. Senate appropriations committee, claiming that the CIA has been involved in heroin production in the Golden Triangle of Burma, Thailand, and Laos, going on to become the #1 historian of Southeast Asia at the U. of Wisc.-Madison in 1989-. David McCullough (1933-), The Great Bridge; the Brooklyn Bridge. John McPhee (1931-), Encounters with the Archdruid; upfront account of the U.S. environmental crisis. Donella H. Meadows (1941-2001), Dennis L. Meadows (1942-), Jorgen Randers (1945-), and William W. Behrens III, The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicament of Mankind; bestseller (30M copies) by four MIT scientists who use primitive computer programs to predict a polluted depleted overpopulated planet by the year 2000, ramping up the environmentalist movement by giving it a religious mission; "If the present growth trends in world population, industrialization, pollution, food production, and resource depletion continue unchanged, the limits to growth on this planet will be reached sometime within the next one hundred years. The most probable result will be a rather sudden and uncontrollable decline in both population and industrial capacity"; too bad, the predictions fail to materialize, but time is on their side, and they pub. new eds. in 1992 and 2002. Samuel Melville (1934-71), Letters from Attica. John Michell (1933-2009), City of Revelation. Jurgen Moltmann (1926-), The Crucified God: The Cross of Christ as the Foundation and Criticism of Christian Theology; the impossibility of the Triune God. Desmond Morris (1928-), Intimate Behavior: A Zoologist's Classic Study of Human Intimacy. Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), Paul, Envoy Extraordinary; Chronicles of Wasted Time (autobio.). Robert Manson Myers (1921-), The Children of Pride; letters by a Ga. plantation family in 1854-68. Howard Nemerov (1920-91), Reflections on Poetry and Ethics. William Nordhaus (1941-) and James Tobin (1918-), Is Growth Obsolete?; introduces the Measure of Economic Welfare (MEW), the first model for economic sustainability assessment, intended to replace the GDP by adding income distribution, pollution costs, and unsustainable costs. Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-), The Pyschology of Consciousness; the use of biofeedback et al. to shift mood and awareness, by a deputy of Sufi leader Idries Shah. Vance Packard (1914-96), A Nation of Strangers; the frequent transfers of corporate execs. Charles Petrie (1895-1977), A Historian Looks at His World; The Great Tyrconnel: A Chapter in Anglo-Irish Relations. Richard Poirier (1925-), Norman Mailer. Peter S. Prescott (1935-), Soundings: Encounters with Contemporary Books. Reynolds Price (1933-), Things Themselves: Essays and Scenes. William Primrose (1904-82), A Walk on the North Side (autobio.). Benjamin A. Quarles (1904-96), Blacks on John Brown. Vance Randolph (1892-1980), Ozark Folklore: A Bibliography. Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), The New Prometheans. Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), Education: Free and Compulsory; Left and Right: Selected Essays 1954-65. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), What Can a Heroine Do? Or Why Women Can't Write. Nawal El Saadawi (1931-), Women and Sex; Egyptian feminist physician campaigns against female circumcision and other Muslim subjection of women, getting her fired from the Ministry of Health. Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Vous les Entendez? Orville Hickok Schell (1940-) and Joseph W. Esherick, Modern China: The Story of a Revolution; Modern China: The Making of a New Society from 1839 to the Present. Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Age of Giant Corporations: A Microeconomic History of American Business, 1914-1970. Hugo F. Sonnenschein (1940-), Market Excess Demand Functions; proposes the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu Theorem, that the excess demand function for an economy is not restricted by the usual rationality restrictions on individual demands, thus microeconomic rationality assumptions have no equivalent macroeconomic implications, and with many interdependent markets there may not exist a unique equilibrium point. George Steiner (1929-), Extraterritorial: Papers on Literature and the Language Revolution. Han Suyin (1917-), The Morning Deluge: Mao Tsetong and the Chinese Revolution, 1893-1954. William Andrew Swanberg (1907-92), Luce and His Empire (Pulitzer Prize). Rene Thom (1923-2002), Stabilite Structurelle et Morphogenese (Structural Stability and Change); develops Catastrophe Theory. Piri Thomas (1928-), Savior, Savior, Hold My Hand (autobio.). Lionel Trilling (1905-75), Sincerity and Authenticity; "A brilliant study of our moral life in process of revising itself" (Anatole Broyard); how writers were sincere until the Romantic era made them concentrate on the self. Robert Trivers (1943-), Natural Selection and Social Behavior. Barbara W. Tuchman (1912-89), Notes from China. Alan W. Watts (1915-73), The Art of Contemplation; In My Own Way: An Autobiography 1915-1965. Sir John Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75) and Anthony Nicholls, The Semblance of Peace: The Political Settlement After the Second World War. Eliot Wigginston (1942-), The Foxfire Book; Appalachian folklore collected from old people by children. Sherley Anne Williams (1944-99), Give Birth to Brightness: A Thematic Study of Neo-Black Literature; groundbreaking work relating 1960s black writers to African-Am. folk culture. William Appleman Williams (1921-90), Some Presidents from Wilson to Nixon. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Playboy's Book of Forbidden Words. Garry Wills (1934-), Bare Ruined Choirs: Doubt, Prophecy, and Radical Religion. George Woodcock (1912-95), Dawn and the Darkest Hour: A Study of Aldous Huxley; The Rejection of Politics and Other Essays on Canada, Canadians, Anarchism and the World. Cecil Blanche Woodham-Smith (1896-1977), Queen Victoria: Her Life and Times, Vol. 1. Arthur Middleton Young (1905-95) and Charles Muses (eds.), Consciousness and Reality: The Human Pivot Point. Michael Young (1915-2002), Is Equality a Dream? Art: Vito Acconci (1940-), Seedbed; perf. art performed on Jan. 15-29 at Sonnabend Gallery in New York City, where he hides under a wooden ramp masturbating while announcing his sexual fantasies through loudspeakers - difficulties breathing? Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Bonjour Paris; The Little Horse (Le Petit Cheval). Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-), Confession for Myself (sculpture). Judy Chicago (1939-), Womanhouse; a bunch of women are given rooms in a 17-room mansion in Hollywood, Calif. in Jan.-Feb. Gene Davis (1920-85), Franklin's Footpath; paints colored strips on the street in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Penn., making the world's largest artwork; Niagara; the world's largest painting (43,680 sq. ft.), in a parking lot in Lewiston, N.Y. Philip Guston (1913-80), Multiplied - think pink? Duane Hanson (1925-96), Lady with Shopping Bags. David Hockney (1937-), Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures); auctioned for $80M by Christie's in 2018. Alex Katz (1927-), The Black Jacket; The Blue Umbrella. Brice Marden (1938-), The Grove Group (5 paintings) (1972-80). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Coigitum; The Upheaval of One's Ocean. Joan Miro (1893-1983), Bird Characters (Personnage Oiseaux) (1972-8); his only glass mosaic mural. Elizabeth Murray (1940-), Madame Cezanne in Rocking Chair. Fairfield Porter (1907-75), The Tennis Game; Buttercups. Dieter Roth (1930-98), Rabbit-Shit Rabbit; don't ask what it's made of, you already know; molded with a Lindt chocolate bunny mold. George Segal (1924-2000), The Red Light. Andy Warhol (1922-87), Mao (silkscreen). H.C. Westermann (1922-81), An Affair in the Islands; The Lost Planet; Death Ship in Port; Green River. Music: 10cc, Donna (debut) (Oct.) (#2 in the U.K.); named after a particularly large cum spurt?; formerly Hotlegs; from Stockport, England, incl. Graham Keith Gouldman (1946-), Eric Michael Stewart (1945-), Kevin Michael Godley (1945-), and Lol Creme (1947). ABBA, People Need Love (June) (debut); Agnetha, Benny, Björn, Anni-Frid - named after the first initials of the members; from Stockholm Sweden, incl. Agnetha Faltskog (Fältskog) (1950-) (the blonde), Goran Bror "Benny" Andersson (1946-), Bjorn Kristian Ulvaeus (1945-), and Anni-Frid Lyngstad (1945-);they go on to sell 380M+ records; their outrageous costumes are worn to quality for tax deductions - corny sells better than sex? Ten Years After, Alvin Lee and Company (album) (Mar.); incl. The Sounds; Rock & Roll Music to the World (album #8) (Oct.); incl. Turned Off TV Blues. The Allman Brothers Band, Eat a Peach (album #4) (double album) (Feb. 12); last with Duane Allman; incl. One Way Out, Mountain Jam (33 min.) (based on Donovan's "There Is a Mountain"). America, Homecoming (album #2) (Nov. 15); incl. Ventura Highway (#8 in the U.S.) ("alligator lizards in the air"); from now on all their album titles start with H until 1979; Horse replaces Neil Young's "Heart of Gold" as #1, causing fans to confuse the two groups. Chris Andrews, Pretty Belinda. Lynn Anderson (1947-), (I Never Promised You A) Rose Garden. Argent, All Together Now (album #3) (July); incl. Hold Your Head Up (#5 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.) (1M copies), Tragedy, I Am the Dance of Ages. The Association, Waterbeds in Trinidad! (album #8) incl. Darlin' Be Home Soon. Joan Baez (1941-), Come from the Shadows (album); incl. Prison Trilogy, Bangladesh, The Partisan (dedicated to Melina Mercouri) (written in 1943 in London by Anna Marly and Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie as a song about the French Resistance). Marcia Ball (1949-), Freda and the Firedogs (album). The Band, Rock of Ages (album). Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Will the Circle Be Unbroken (triple album); Roy Acuff (1903-92), Maybelle Carter, Doc Watson, Earl Scruggs, Merle Travis, Bashful Brother Oswald, Norman Blake, Jimmy Martin, Vassar Clements, et al. Captain Beefheart (1941-) and The Magic Band, The Spotlight Kid (album #6) (Jan.) (#131 in the U.S., #44 in the U.K.) (their highest-charting U.S. album); incl. White Jam, Blabber 'n Smoke, Alice in Blunderland, There Ain't No Santa Claus on the Evenin' Stage; Clear Spot (album #7) (Oct.) (#191 in the U.S.); incl. Big Eyed Beans from Venus, Her Eyes Are A Blue Million Miles, Nowadays A Woman's Gotta Hit A Man. Luciano Berio (1925-2003), Rectal I. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), My Ding-A-Ling; recorded without his knowledge on Feb. 3 in a ballroom in Coventry; sells 1M copies; Reelin' and Rockin'. The Moody Blues, Seventh Sojourn (album #8) (Nov. 17) (#5 in the U.K., #1 in the U.S.); incl. Isn't Life Strange, I'm Just a Singer (in a Rock and Roll Band). Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, D&B Together (album) (Mar.); after it is released they get divorced. David Bowie (1947-2016) and the Spiders from Mars, The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (album) (June); the ultimate rock star, in a world destined to end in five years; makes him a star; incl. Ziggy Stardust, Starman, Moonage Daydream, Hang Onto Yourself, Suffragette City; in 2009 hairy yellow spider Heteropoda davidbowie is named after Bowie. Jacques Brel (1929-78), Ne Me Quitte Pass (album); incl. Ne Me Quitte Pas. Bread, Baby I'm-a Want You (album #4) (Jan.); first with keyboardist Larry Knechtel; incl. Baby I'm-a Want You (#3 in the U.S.), Everything I Own (#5 in the U.S.), Diary (#15 in the U.S.), Mother Freedom (#37 in the U.S.); Guitar Man (album #5) (Oct.); incl. The Guitar Man, Sweet Surrender, Aubrey. Beverly Bremers (1950-), I'll Make You Music (album) (debut) (only album); incl. Don't Say You Don't Remember (#15 in the U.S.). Brewer and Shipley, Rural Space (album #5). Savoy Brown, Hellbound Train (album #8) (Feb.); incl. Hellbound Train. Jackson Browne (1948-), Jackson Browne (album) (debut) (Jan.); incl. Doctor My Eyes (#8 in the U.S.). The Bunch, Rock On (album); the Fairport Convention incl. Sandy Denny. Hot Butter, Popcorn; Apache. The Byrds, The Best of the Byrds: Greatest Hits Vol. II (album) (Nov. 20). Can, Ege Bamyasi (album #3); "Aegean Okra" in Turkish; incl. Spoon; their first hit. George Carlin (1937-2008), Class Clown (album) (May 27); makes him a star after he sheds his clean-cut image and grows a beard and long hair during a hospital stay in 1970 for hernia, dresses in jeans and begins using dirty language and talks about drug use; incl. Seven Dirty Words You Can Never Say on TV, which shocks Am. Puritans and gets him arrested several times, making him more famous? The Carpenters, A Song for You (album #4) (June 13) (#26 in the U.K.); incl. Bless the Beasts and Children, Top of the World, Hurting Each Other, It's Going to Take Some Time, Goodbye to Love, I Won't Last a Day Without You. Harry Chapin (1942-81), Heads and Tales (album) (debut); incl. Taxi; Sniper and Other Love Songs (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Sniper (about Aug. 1966 UTA shooter Charles Whitman), A Better Place to Be, Circle. Ray Charles (1930-2004), A Message from the People (album) (Apr.); incl. Look What They've Done to My Song, Ma. Cher (1946-), Foxy Lady (album #7) (Sept. 1) (1.5M copies); incl. Living in a House Divided. Chicago, Chicago (album #4) (July 10) (#1 in the U.S.) (#1 of five straight #1 U.S. albums) (2M copies); incl. Saturday in the Park (#3 in the U.S.), Dialogue (Part I & II) (#24 in the U.S.). Chilliwack, AlL Over You (album #3). Climax, Precious and Few - a statement? Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Joe Cocker (album #3) (Nov.); incl. High Time We Went. Judy Collins (1939-), Colors of the Day (album) (May) (#37 in the U.S.) (1M copies). Honey Cone, One Monkey Don't Stop No Show. Rita Coolidge (1945-), This Lady's Not For Sale (album) (debut); incl. Fever. Alice Cooper (1948-), School's Out (album #5) (June) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. School's Out (#7 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.) (hit first hit single) (""We got no class / And we got no principles / And we got no innocence / We can't even think of a word that rhymes"), Gutter Cat vs. the Jets. King Crimson, Earthbound (album #5); incl. 21st Century Shizoid Man. Jim Croce (1943-73), You Don't Mess Around with Jim (album #3) (May); incl. You Don't Mess Around with Jim ("You don't tug on Superman's cape, you don't spit into the wind, you don't pull the mask off the ol' Lone Ranger, and you don't mess around with Jim"), Time in a Bottle (about wife Ingrid and newborn son A.J.), Operator (That's Not the Way It Feels). Seals and Crofts, Summer Breeze (album #4) (#7 in the U.S.); incl. Hummingbird, Summer Breeze. David Crosby (1941-) and Graham Nash (1942-), Immigration Man; based on an incident that Nash had with U.S. Customs. Blue Oyster Cult, Blue Oyster (Öyster) Cult (album) (debut) (Jan.); formerly Soft White Underbelly, Oaxaca, Stalk-Forrest Group, and Santos Sisters; from Long Island, N.Y., incl. Les Braunstein/Eric Bloom (1944-) (vocals), Andrew Winters (bass); incl. Cities on Flame with Rock and Roll, Stairway to the Stars, Before the Kiss, a Redcap, I'm On the Lamb But I Ain't No Sheep, She's as Beautiful as a Foot. Steely Dan, Can't Buy a Thrill (album) (debut) (Oct.); formed initially by Donald Jay Fagen (1948-) (keyboards), Walter Carl Becker (1950-) (bass) at Bard College in N.Y.; named after a dildo in the novel "Naked Lunch" by William S. Burroughs; David (later Dee) Palmer (1937-) (vocals), Jeff "Skunk" Baxter (1948-) (guitar), Denny Dias (1946-) (guitar, sitar), Jim Hodder (1947-90) (drums), Elliott Randall (1947-) (guitar), Jerome Richardson (1920-2000) (sax), Victor Stanley Feldman (1934-87) (drums); incl. Reelin' in the Years, Do It Again. Bobby Darin (1936-73), Simple Song of Freedom. Mac Davis (1942-), Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me (album); incl. Baby, Don't Get Hooked on Me, Everybody Loves a Love Song. Grateful Dead, Europe '72 (triple album) (Nov. 5). Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, D&B Together (album #6) (last album) (Mar.); they divorce after it's released; incl. Comin' Home, Groupie (Superstar). Sandy Denny (1947-78), Sandy (album). John Denver (1943-97), Rocky Mountain High (album #6) (Sept. 15) (#4 in the U.S.) (#11 in the U.K.); his first U.s. top-10 album; incl. Mother Nature's Son, Rocky Mountain High (becomes the 2nd Colo. state song in Mar. 2007). Neil Diamond (1941-), Song Sung Blue (May 6) (#1 in the U.S.); Play Me (Aug. 12) (#11 in the U.S.); Walk On Water. Donovan (1946-), Brother Sun, Sister Moon Soundtrack (album); from the 1973 Franco Zeffirelli film; too bad, the album omits his songs, causing him to record new versions and release them in 2004; Doobie Brothers, Toulouse Street (album #2) (June) (#21 in the U.S.); first of 10 straight platinum and/or gold albums through 1980; incl. Listen to the Music (#11 in the U.S.), Jesus is Just Alright (#35 in the U.S.), Toulouse Street; Rockin' Down the Highway. The Doors, Other Voices (album) (Oct. 25); last before Jim Morrison's death; incl. Down on the Farm, I'm Horny, I'm Stoned; Full Circle (album); first after Jim Morrison doored-out. Nick Drake (1948-74), Pink Moon (album #3) (last album) (Feb. 25); incl. Pink Moon. Tangerine Dream, Zeit (album #3) (double album) (Aug.); incl. Nebulous Dawn. Jacob Druckman (1928-96), Windows (Pulitzer Prize) - I'd rather have 100B bucks for Windows? Eagles, The Eagles (album) (debut) (June); Glenn Frey (1948-2016), Bernard "Bernie" Leadon (1947-), Randy Herman Meisner (1946-), Donald Hugh "Don" Henley (1947-) (drums); named as a pun on the Byrds; popularizes Southern Calif. country rock; incl. Take It Easy, Witchy Woman, Peaceful Easy Feeling. Elf, Elf (album) (debut) (Aug.); from England; formed in 1967 as The Electric Elves, becoming the opening act for Deep Purple; incl. Ronnie James Dio (Ronald James Padavona) (1942-2010) (vocals), Doug Thaler (keyboards), Nick Pantas (-1968) (guitar), David Feinstein (guitar) (Dio's cousin), and Gary Driscoll (drums); incl. Never More, First Avenue. Cass Elliot (1941-74), Cass Elliot (album #6) (Feb.); first with RCA; incl. I'll Be Home, Jesus Was a Crossmaker, Baby, I'm Yours, When It Doesn't Work Out. The Road is No Place for a Lady (album #7) (Oct.). Family, Bandstand (album #7) (Sept.); last to feature John Kenneth Wetton (1949-), who goes to King Crimson in 1972-4, then becomes the frontman for Asia in 1982, and the last to chart in the U.S.; incl. Burlesque, My Friend the Sun. Donna Fargo (1945-), The Happiest Girl in the Whole U.S.A. (album) (Dot Records) (#1 country) (#47 in the U.S.) (500K copies); incl. The Happiest Girl in the Whole U.S.A. (#1 country) (#11 in the U.S.), Funny Face (#1 country) (#5 in the U.S.). Little Feat, Sailin' Shoes (album #2) (May); incl. Sailin' Shoes; after this Kenny Gradney replaces Estrada, and guitarist Paul Barrere and drummer Sam Clayton join, changing the style toward New Orleans funk. Earth, Wind, and Fire, Last Days and Time (album #) (Nov.); incl. Time Is on Your Side. Roberta Flack (1937-), The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face; written by Ewan MacColl (1915-89), Communist dad of Kirsty MacColl for his lover Peggy Seeger. Carlisle Floyd (1926-), Flower and Hawk (opera) (Jacksonville, Fla.) (May 16). Pink Floyd, Obscured by Clouds (album) (June 3); soundtrack of the French film "La Vallee" by Barbet Schroeder; first to use the VCS 3 synthesiser; incl. Obscured by Clouds, When You're In, Free Four, Burning Bridges, Wot's... Uh the Deal, Childhood's End. Focus, Focus 3 (#6 in the U.K.); incl. Sylvia (#89 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.). Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), Home Free (album) (debut); incl. To the Morning., Stars, Looking for a Lady. Foghat, Foghat (album) (debut); from England, inc. "Lonesome" Dave Peverett (1943-2000) (vocals), Tony Stevens (bass), Roger Earl (drums), Rod Price (slide guitar); incl. I Just Want to Make Love to You (by Willie Dixon). Peter Frampton (1950-), Wind of Change (album) (debut) (Aug. 17); supported by Ringo Starr, Billy Preston, Mick Jones, and Mike Kellie; incl. Jumpin' Jack Flash (by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards). Free, Free at Last (album #6) (June). Funkadelic, America Eats Its Young (album #4) (double album). Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91), Histoire de Melody Nelson (album); his seduction of teenie Melody Nelson starting with running his Rolls into her bike; incl. Ballade de Melody Nelson. The James Gang, Passin' Thru (album #4) (July 31); first with Roy Kenner in place of Joe Walsh; incl. Had Enough; Straight Shooter (album #5) (Oct. 19); last with Domenic Troiano, who is replaced by Tommy Bolin; incl. Kick Back Man. Kool and the Gang, Music Is the Message (album #4) (Aug.). Paul Simon (1941-) and Art Garfunkel (1941-), Simon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits (album) (June 14); sells 14M copies. Bee Gees, To Whom It May Concern (album #8) (Oct.); incl. Run to Me. Genesis, Foxtrot (album #4) (Oct. 6) (#12 in the U.K.); incl. Watcher of the Skies, Supper's Ready. Looking Glass, Looking Glass (album) (debut) (June); from Rutgers U. in New Brunswick, N.J., incl. Elliot Lurie (1948-) (vocals), Lawrence Gonsky (piano), Pieter Sweval (bass), Chuck Connolly (drums); incl. Brandy (#1 in the U.S.). Gary Glitter (1944-), Rock and Roll Part 2 (Hey Song); becomes a stadium anthem. Al Green (1946-), Let's Stay Together (album (#8 U.S.) (#1 soul)); incl. Let's Stay Together (#1 in the U.S.) (#1 R&B), becoming his signature song. Arlo Guthrie (1947-), Hobo's Lullaby (album #6) (Apr.); incl. City of New Orleans (#4 in the U.S.) (his only top-40 hit). Gypsy, Antithesis (album #3); incl. Day After Day, Don't Bother Me. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Grandma Harp; It's Not Love (But It's Not Bad); I Wonder If They Ever Think of Me. Tom T. Hall (1936-), Old Dogs and Children and Watermelon Wine. Albert Hammond (1944-), It Never Rains in Southern California. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Crossings (album #10) (Dec.); incl. Sleeping Giant. Tim Hardin (1941-80), Painted Head (album). George Harrison (1943-2001) et al., The Concert for Bangladesh (album). Procol Harum, Procol Harum Live with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra (album #6) (July). Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Theme from The Men. Joey Heatherton (1944-), The Joey Heatherton Album; incl. Gone (by Ferlin Husky) (#24 in the U.S.), I'm Sorry (#87 in the U.S.). Uriah Heep, Demons and Wizards (album #4) (May 19); "These guys are good. The first side of Demons and Wizards is simply odds-on the finest high energy workout of the year, tying nose and nose with the Blue Oyster Cult" (Mike Saunders, Rolling Stone mag.); incl. Easy Livin' (#39 in the U.S.), The Wizard; The Magician's Birthday (album #5) (Nov.); incl. The Magician's Birthday, Blind Eye (#97 in the U.S.), Sweet Lorraine (#91), Spider Woman (#13 in Germany). Hans Werner Henze (1926-), 2nd Violin Concerto. The Hollies, Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress (Feb. 1) (#2 in the U.S., #32 in the U.K.). Eddie Holman (1946-), (Hey There) Lonely Girl; remake of 1963 hit "Hey There Lonely Boy" by Ruby and the Romantics. Mott the Hoople, All the Young Dudes (album) (Sept. 8); turns them from a struggling British band to the avatars of the glam rock movement; incl. Sweet Jane, Momma's Little Jewel, One of the Boys, Jerkin' Crocus, All the Young Dudes (July); written by David Bowie to save the group from breaking up; becomes a gay anthem even though the band is straight?; "All the young dudes, carry the news". Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 23 ("Ani"), Op. 249. Les Humphries Singers, Mexico; Old Man Moses; Take Care of Me. Luther Ingram (1937-2007), (If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right (#3 in the U.S.). The Isley Brothers, Brother, Brother, Brother (album); incl. Brother, Brother, Brother, Pop That Thang. Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Ben (album) (Aug. 4); incl. Ben, film title track; sells 2M copies (#1 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.); his first solo #1 single, becoming the 3rd youngest artist with a #1. Millie Jackson (1944-), Millie Jackson (album) (debut); incl. A Child of God; Ask Me What You Want. Wanda Jackson (1937-), I Already Know (What I'm Getting for My Birthday); I'll Be Whatever You Say. Jackson 5, Lookin' Through the Windows (album #6) (May); incl. Lookin' Through the Windows (#7 in the U.S), Little Bitty Pretty One. Elton John (1947-), Honky Chateau (album #5) (May 19); his first U.S. #1 album; incl. Rocket Man (I Think It's Going to Be a Long, Long Time), Honky Cat, Monas Lisas and Mad Hatters, Hercules. The Kinks, Everybody's in Show-Biz (album #10) (double album) (Aug. 25); incl. Supersonic Rocket Ship, Celluloid Heroes. Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, Help Make Make It Through the Night (#33 in the U.S., #11 in the U.K.); Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye) (#2 in the U.S., #31 in the U.K.). Kraftwerk, Kraftwerk 2 (album #2) (Jan.). Fela Kuti (1938-97), Stratavarious (album #3); with Ginger Baker. Labelle, Moon Shadow (album #2); incl. I Believe That I've Finally Made It Home, It Ain't Sad Until It's All Over. Vicki Lawrence (1949-), The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (Nov.); written by her hubby Bobby Russell (1940-92). Vicky Leandros (1949-), Apres Toi (Come What May) (#2 in the U.K.). Arthur Lee (1945-2006), Vindicator (album) (debut). Brenda Lee (1944-), Always On My Mind (June 12). Thin Lizzy, Shades of a Blue Orphanage (album #2) (Mar. 10); incl. Buffalo Gal. John Lennon (1940-80) and Yoko Ono (1933-), Some Time in New York City (album) (June 12); incl. Woman is the Nigger of the World; "Think about it, do something about it". Loggins and Messina, Loggins and Messina (album #2) (Oct.) (#16 in the U.S.); incl. Your Mama Don't Dance (#4 in the U.S.) Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms, Grandma's Hands. Fleetwood Mac, Bare Trees (album #6) (Apr.); last with Danny Kirwan; incl. Sentimental Lady, Spare Me a Little of Your Love. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Super Fly Soundtrack (album #3) (Aug. 4); incl. Super Fly (title song), Freddie's Dead (#2 in the U.S.); about the death of Fat Freddie, who is run over by a car. Melanie (1947-), Garden in the City (album); Stoneground Words (album) (Nov. 4); incl. Here I Am; Ring the Living Bell. Harold Melvin (1939-97) and the Blue Notes, If You Don't Know Me By Now; I Miss You; from Philly, incl. Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), Bernard Wilson, Lawrence Brown, Lloyd Parks. Olivier Messiaen (1908-92), From the Canyons to the Stars (1971-4). Bette Midler (1945-), The Divine Miss M (album) (debut); co-produced by Barry Manilow (1943-), who accompanied her on the piano at the gay Continental Baths in New York City in 1970-1. Steve Miller Band, Recall the Beginning... A Journey from Eden (album #7) (Mar.); Anthology (album) (Oct.). Joni Mitchell (1943-), For the Roses (album #5) (Nov.); incl. You Turn Me on, I'm a Radio. Van Morrison (1945-), Saint Dominic's Preview (album #6) (July); incl. Saint Dominic's Preview, Listen to the Lion, Almost Independence Day, Jackie Wilson Said (I'm in Heaven When You Smile. The Mothers, Just Another Band from L.A. (album) (Mar. 26); recorded at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion on Aug. 7, 1971. Mountain, Mountain Live: The Road Goes Ever On (album #4) (Apr.); title from "The Hobbit". The Move, California Man (Apr.); Do Ya (Apr.); they change their name to the Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Geronimo's Cadillac (album) (debut); incl. Geronimo's Cadillac; "No matter how denigrated I look now, I survived." Anne Murray (1945-), Annie (album #6). Roxy Music, Roxy Music (album) (debut) (June 16) (#10 in the U.K.); from London, England, incl. Bryan Ferry (1945-) (vocals), Phil Manzanera (Philip Geoffrey Targett-Adams) (1951-)(guitar), Andrew "Andy" Mackay (1946-) (sax), Paul Thompson (1951-) (drums), Brian Eno (1948-)/Edwin "Eddie" Jobson (1955-) (synthesizer). Johnny Nash (1940-2020 ), I Can See Clearly Now (#1 in the U.S.) (#5 in the U.K.). Ricky Nelson (1940-85), Garden Party; his last top 40 hit; wrote it after getting pissed-off at an audience at Madison Square Garden booing him even though he was doing new material. Wayne Newton (1942-), Daddy, Don't You Walk So Fast (#4 in the U.S.) (#5 country) (1M copies); written by Peter Callander and Geoff Stephens; first single by Chelsea Records, founded by Wes Farrell. Anthony Newley (1931-99), Ain't It Funny (album). Three Dog Night, Seven Separate Fools (album #8) (July); incl. Black and White. Harry Nilsson (1941-94), Son of Schmilsson (album #8) (July) (#12 in the U.S.); incl. Spaceman (#23 in the U.S.), Daybreak (#39 in the U.S.), You're Breakin' My Heart (AKA The Fuck You Song) ("You're breaking my heart/ You're tearing it apart/ So fuck you"). Luigi Nono (1924-90), Como una Ola Fuerza y Luz; mourns assassinated Chilean rev. leader Luciano Cruz. Hall & Oates, Whole Oats (album) (debut); Daryl Hall (Daryl Franklin Hohl) (1946-) and John William Oates (1949). Roy Orbison (1936-88), God Love You/ Changes (Feb.); Remember the Good/ Harlem Woman (Apr.); Memphis, Tennessee/ I Can Read Between the Lines (Sept.). Gilbert O'Sullivan (1946-), Back to Front (album); incl. Alone Again (Naturally), Clair. Billy Paul (1934-), Me and Mrs. Jones (#1 in the U.S.) ("Me and Mrs. Jones, we got a thing goin' on/ We both know that it's wrong, but it's much too strong to let it go now"). Humble Pie, Smokin' (album #5) (Mar.) (#6 in the U.S, #30 in the U.K.)); first without Peter Frampton, with David "Clem" Clempson (1949-) replacing him; their best-selling album; incl. Hot 'n' Nasty, C'mon Everybody, 30 Days in the Hole. Elvis Presley (1935-77), Elvis Now (album) (Jan. 16); incl. Help Me Make It Through the Night (by Kris Kristofferson); Until It's Time For You To Go/ We Can Make the Morning (Jan.); He Touched Me/ Bosom of Abraham (Mar.); He Touched Me (album) (Apr.); An American Trilogy (Apr.); Elvis As Recorded at Madison Square Garden (album) (June); Elvis Sings Hits From His Movies, Vol. 1 (album) (June); Burning Love/ It's A Matter of Time (Aug.); Separate Ways/ Always On My Mind (Nov.); Burning Love And Hits From His Movies, Vol. 2 (album) (Nov.). Billy Preston (1946-2006), Music Is My Life (album #7) (Oct. 8); incl. Will It Go Round in Circles (#1 in the U.S.). Pure Prairie League, Pure Prairie League (album) (debut) (Mar.); from Columbus, Ohio, incl. Craig Fuller (guitar, vocals), George Powell (guitar, vocals), Jim Lanham (bass, vocals), John David Call (steel guitar), and Jim Caughlan (drums); incl. Tears, Woman; Bustin' Out (album #2) (Aug.) (#34 in the U.S.); incl. Amie (#27 in the U.S.). Deep Purple, When a Blind Man Cries/ Never Before (Mar. 18); Machine Head (album #6) (Mar.) (#7 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); recorded at the Grand Hotel Montreux, Switzerland on Dec. 6-21, 1971 after a fire during a perf. by Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention burns down a nearby casino; incl. Smoke on the Water, (#4 in the U.S., #21 in the U.K.) ("We all came out to Montreux, on the Lake Geneva shoreline/ To make records with a mobile, we didn't have much time"), Highway Star, Space Truckin', Lazy; Made in Japan (double album) (Dec.). Gerry Rafferty (1947-2011), Can I Have My Money Back (album) (solo debut). Paul Revere and The Raiders, Country Wine (album); incl. Country Wine. Grand Funk Railroad, Phoenix (album #6) (Sept.); incl. Flight of the Phoenix. Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Give It Up (album #2) (Sept.); her best?; incl. Give It Up or Let Me Go, Been Too Long at the Fair, Love Has No Pride (by Eric Kaz). The (Young) Rascals, Search and Nearness (album #7) (Mar. 1); last with Eddie Brigati and Gene Cornish, and last on Atlantic Records; Peaceful World (album #8) (double album) (May 5). Raspberries, Raspberries (album) (debut) (May); from Cleveland, Ohio, incl. Eric Howard Carmen (1949-) (vocals, guitar), James Alexander "Jim" Bonfanti (1948-) (drums), Wallace Carter "Wally" Bryson (1949-) (guitar), and David Bruce "Dave" Smalley (1949-) (bass); known for large bouffant hairdos; incl. Go All the Way (#5 in the U.S., banned by the BBC for sexually suggestive lyrics); Fresh Raspberries (album #2) (Oct.); I Wanna Be With You; they break up in 1975 after pioneering the power pop genre (coined by Pete Townshend for what The Who did), making fans of Jack Bruce, Courtney Love, and Ringo Starr. Helen Reddy (1941-), I Am Woman (album #3) (Nov.) (#14 in the U.S.); incl. I Am Woman (May) (#1 in the U.S.) (first #1 Billboard hit by an Australia-based artist), Peaceful (#12 in the U.S.). Martha Reeves (1941-) and the Vandellas, Black Magic (album). Lou Reed (1942-), Lou Reed (album) (solo debut); mainly songs from his Velvet Underground days; incl. I Can't Stand It; Transformer (album #2) (Dec. 8) (#29 in the U.S.); produced by David Bowie; incl. Walk on the Wild Side, Perfect Day, Satellite of Love. Steve Reich (1936-), Clapping Music. Creedence Clearwater Revival, Mardi Gras (album #7) (last album) (Apr. 11); peaks at #12; incl. Sweet Hitch-Hiker, Someday Never Comes; they break up on Oct. 16. Tommy Roe (1942-), Mean Little Woman, Rosalie. Kenny Rogers (1938-) and the First Edition, The Ballad of Calico (album #8); about Calico, Calif.; Back Roads (album #9); fist on the Jolly Rogers label. Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Linda Ronstadt (album #3); backed by the Eagles before they go solo. Atomic Rooster, Black Snake. Todd Rundgren (1948-), Something/Anything? (album #3) (double album) (Feb.); incl. Hello It's Me (#5 in the U.S.), I Saw the Light (#16 in the U.S., #36 in the U.K.). Leon Russell (1942-), Carney (album #3); incl. Tight Rope (#11 in the U.S.). Mitch Ryder (1945-), Mitch Ryder's Detroit (album). New Riders of the Purple Sage, Powerglide (album #2) (Mar.) (#33 in the U.S.); incl. I Don't Need No Doctor, Rainbow, Sweet Lovin' One, Hello Mary Lou (by Gene Pitney); Gypsy Cowboy (album #3) (Dec.); incl. Gypsy Cowboy, Death and Destruction, Whiskey, Groupie, Superman. Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Wisdom Through Magic (album). The Scorpions, Lonesome Crow (album) (debut); from Germany, incl. Klaus Meine (1948-) (vocals), Rudolf Schenker (1948-), Michael Meine, Lothar Heimberg (bass), Wolfgang Dziony (1949-) (drums); incl. Lonesome Crow. Laurie Siegel (1945-), Sediment; used in the 2012 film "The Hunger Games", resurrecting her popularity. Carly Simon (1945-), No Secrets (album #3) (Nov.) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. You're So Vain (#1 in the U.S.), The Right Thing to Do (#17 in the U.S.), When You Close Your Eyes. Sonny Stitt (1924-82), Tune Up (album) (his masterpiece?); incl. Tune Up (by Miles Davis). The Temptations, All Directions (July 27); incl. Papa Was a Rollin' Stone. Black Sabbath, Black Sabbath, Vol. 4 (album #4) (Sept. 25); original title "Snowblind"; incl. Changes, Supernaut, Snowblind. Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), Moonshot (album); incl. Mister Can't You See, He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo. Boz Scaggs (1944-), My Time (album #5) (Oct.); incl. Dinah Flo. Gil Scott-Heron (1949-2011), Free Will (album #3) (Aug.); incl. Free Will. Bob Seger (1945-), Smokin' O.P.'s (album #4) (Aug.); incl. Bo Diddley. Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Concertino for Chamber Orchestra. Sandie Shaw (1947-), Where Did They Go; Father and Son. REO Speedwagon, R.E.O./T.W.O. (album #2) (Dec.). The Staple Singers, Be Altitude: Respect Yourself (album) (#19 in the U.S.); incl. Respect Yourself (#12 in the U.S.), I'll Take You There (#1 in the U.S.); founded in 1948; from Chicago, Ill.; Roebuck "Pops" Staples (1914-2000), and his daughters Cleothis Staples (1934-), Pervis Staples (1935-), Yvonne Staples (1936-), and Mavis Staples (1939-). Big Star, #1 Record (debut) (Apr.); powerpop band from Memphis, Tenn., incl. William Alexander "Alex" Chilton (1950-2010) (guitar, vocals), Christopher Branford "Chris" Bell (1951-78) (guitar, vocals), Andy Hummel (bass), and Jody Stephens (drums); Stax Records underpromotes it, causing poor sales despite raves from critics, and causing Bell to leave the group; incl. Thirteen, When My Baby's Beside Me, Don't Lie to Me. Status Quo, Piledriver (album #5) (Dec.); incl. Paper Plane. Cat Stevens (1948-), Catch Bull at Four (album) (Sept. 27); title taken from the Ten Bulls of Zen; incl. Sweet Scarlet, Sitting. Al Stewart (1945-), Orange (album #4) (Jan. 1). Rod Stewart (1945-), Never a Dull Moment (album) (July) (#2 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. You Wear it Well, Twistin' the Night Away. The Rolling Stones, Exile on Main St. (album #10/#12) (double album) (May 12); their masterpiece?; recorded in summer 1971 in a mansion in the S of France rented by guitarist Keith Richards; incl. Plundered My Soul (#2 in the U.S.), Tumbling Dice (#7 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.), Happy (#22 in the U.S.), Shine a Light. Rocks Off, Torn and Frayed, Sweet Black Angel, Loving Cup, Ventilator Blues, Let It Loose, All Down the Line, Sweet Virginia, Turd on the Run. Styx, Styx (album) (debut) (Sept.); originally the Tradewinds and Tw4; from South Chicago, Ill., incl. twins Charles Salvatore "Chuck" Panozzo (1948-) and John Panozzo (1948-) (drums), Dennis DeYoung (1947-) (keyboards), John "J.C." Curulewski (1950-88), James "J.Y." Young (1949-); incl. Best Thing. James Taylor (1948-), One Man Dog (album #4) (Nov. 1); incl. One Man Parade, Chili Dog, Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight. The Pretty Things, Freeway Madness (album #6) (Dec.); incl. Rip Off Train, Love is Good, Over the Moon. Mel Tillis (1932-), I Ain't Never (#1 country). The Four Tops, Nature Planned It (album) (Apr. 1); incl. (It's the Way) Nature Planned It. Keeper of the Castle (album); incl. Keeper of the Castle. Peter Townshend (1945-), Who Came First (album) (solo debut) (Oct.); incl. Pure and Easy. Tanya Tucker (1958-), Delta Dawn (by Larry Collins) (debut) (#6 country) (#72 in the U.S.). T.Rex, The Slider (album #7) (July 21) (#17 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); incl. Telegram Sam; Metal Guru. Jethro Tull, Thick as a Brick (album) (Mar. 3); first with drummer Barriemore Barlow; one 43-min. song; incl. Thick as a Brick; Living in the Past (album); incl. Living in the Past ("Happy and I'm smiling, walk a mile to drink your water/ You know I'd love to love you, and above you there's no other/ We'll go walking out, while others shout of war's disaster/ Oh, we won't give in, let's go living in the past"), Teacher, Hymn 43. Hot Tuna, Burgers (album #3) (Feb.); incl. True Religion. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Good Old Bad Old Days; Paradise. The Ventures, Theme from "Shaft" (album) (Jan.); Joy! The Ventures Play the Classics (album) (Mar.); Rock and Roll Forever (album) (Sept.). Bobby Vinton (1935-), Ev'ry Day of My Life (#24 in the U.S.); Sealed With a Kiss (#19 in the U.S.). Joe Walsh (1947-), Barnstorm (album) (solo debut) (Sept. 30). War, The World Is a Ghetto (album #5) (Nov.); incl. The World Is a Ghetto, The Cisco Kid (#1 in the U.S.). Jennifer Warnes (1947-), Jennifer (album #3). Stealers Wheel, Stealers Wheel (album) (debut); from Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, incl. Joseph "Joe" Egan (1946-) and Gerald "Gerry" Rafferty (1947-2011); incl. Stuck in the Middle With You (#6 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); featured in the 1992 Quentin Tarantino film "Reservoir Dogs". The Guess Who, Live at the Paramount (album). Jackie Wilson (1934-84), I Get the Sweetest Feeling. Edgar Winter (1946-) and the Edgar Winter Group, Roadwork (album #3) (double album); incl. Edgar Winter (1946-) (albino) (keyboards), Rick Derringer (1947-) (guitar, vocals), and Chuck Ruff (drums); They Only Come Out At Night (album #4) (Nov.) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. Frankenstein (#1 in the U.S.) (named after all the cutting and splicing done during editing), Free Ride (#14 in the U.S.) ("The mountain is high, the valley is low, and you're confused on which way to go,/ So I've come here to give you a hand, and lead you into the promised land"). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Music of My Mind (album #14) (Mar. 3) (#21 in the U.S.); starts using synthesizers; incl. Superwoman (Where Were You When I Needed You), Happier Than the Morning Sun, I Love Every Little Thing About You; Talking Book (album #15) (Oct. 28); incl. Superstition, You Are the Sunshine of My Life, You and I (We Can Conquer the World). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), 'Til I Get It Right; My Man (Understands). Yes, Close to the Edge (album #5) (Sept. 13) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. And You and I, Siberian Khatru. Neil Young (1945-) and Crazy Horse, Harvest (album) (Feb. 25); best-selling album of 1972; incl. Old Man (#31 in the U.S.), Heart of Gold (#1 in the U.S.), The Needle and the Damage Done; in 1993 five prison guards at the maximum security prison in Boise, Idaho are accused of playing the Needle Song during executions by lethal injection; Journey Through the Past (album) (Nov. 7); incl. Journey Through the Past. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Waka/Jawaka (album) (July 5); The Grand Wazoo (album) (Dec.); incl. Eat That Question. Zephyr, Sunset Ride (album #3) (last album) (May); first with Jock Bartley replacing Tommy Bolin; incl. Sunset Ride, Someone to Chew. Movies: After years of legal battles, the dam bursts, and Hollyweird goes to work undermining the morals of the Christian majority in America while making big bucks? David Szulkin's An American Hippie in Israel from Grindhouse Releasing stars Ahser Tzarfati as N.Y. Jewish hippie Mike, who likes to wear a white rabbit fur vest, bell bottoms, and a bowler hat, and leads some free Israeli nudist hippies to a coral island S of Eilat that turns into a nightmare; so bad that it's good, becoming an Israeli art film house cult classic. Bob Einstein's Another Nice Mess (Sept. 22) stars Rich Little as Richard Nixon, and Herb Voland as Spiro Agnew, who are portrayed as Laurel and Hardy; the film debut of Waco, Tex.-born Stephen Glenn "Steve" Martin (1945-) as Hippy. Donald W. Thompson's A Thief in the Night, about the Rapture, Tribulation, and Second Coming of Christ, written by Russell S. Doughten J. et al. launches the rock-and-horror-filled Christian film genre, becoming a big hit; it is followed by "A Distant Thunder" (1978), "Image of the Beast" (1981), and "The Prodigal Planet" (1983); by 2020 it is viewed by 300M people worldwide. Billy Wilder's Avanti! (Dec. 17), bsed on the 1968 play by Samuel Taylor stars Jack Lemmon as Wendell Armbruster Jr., who goes to Italy to claim the body of his daddy, which is stolen and held for a 2M lire ransom. The Mitchell Brothers' Behind the Green Door (Dec. 17) stars white former Ivory soap-box mother and Cybill Shepherd lookalike ("99 and and 44/100% pure") Marilyn Chambers (Marilyn Ann Taylor/Briggs) (1952-2009) as a woman who is kidnapped and taken to an orgy, where she shocks audiences by getting it on with well-endowed black buck Johnny Keyes (1948-) for 45 min., after which she faints; dir. by Jim Mitchell (1944-2007) and Artie Mitchell (1945-91); a porno breakthrough, costing $60K and grossing over $30M; "The only art in this business is my brother Art" (Jim); in 1991 Jim shoots and kills Artie while allegedly trying to persuade him to stop drinking, and serves three years in priz. William Crain's Blacula (Aug. 25) (Am. Internat. Pictures) is a good horror film starring William Marshall as African Prince Mamuwalde, who was turned into a vampire by Count Dracula in Transylvania in 1780 and now stalks the streets of Los Angeles; does $1M box office; followed by "Scream Blacula Scream" (1973) and "Blackenstein" (1973), launching the Blaxploitation Horror Genre. Ringo Starr's Born to Boogie (Dec. 18) is a documentary about T.Rex starring Marc Bolan and Elton John. Milton Katselas' Butterflies Are Free (July 6), based on the Leonard Gershe play stars Edward Albert as blind Don Baker, who moves into his own apt. in San Fran against the wishes of his overprotective mother Eileen Heckart, and befriends kooky blonde babe Jill Tanner (Goldie Hawn). Bob Fosse's Cabaret (Feb. 13), written by Jay Presson Allen based on the book by Joe Masteroff and the hit John Kander musical stars Liza Minnelli (1946-), Joel Grey (1932-), and Michael York (1942-) in an exploration of the quintessential differences kinky liberal Jews have with even kinkier Herr Hitler; #6 grossing film of 1972 ($42.7M) - and why there's so many Jews behind the exploding porno biz in Nazi-free America? Michael Ritchie's The Candidate (Oct. 18), released to capitalize on George McGovern's pres. run plus the first year that 18-y.-o. Ams. can vote stars handsome Robert Redford in a realistic but satirical look at the phoniness of U.S. politics, which unfortunately totally misses the boat about who killed JFK?; his high school classmate Natalie Wood appears as a courtesy to him. Claude Sautet's Cesar and Rosalie (Oct. 27) stars Romy Schneider as divorced Rosalie, and Yves Montand as scrap iron king Cesar, who's in love with her, and has to compete with artist David (Sami Frey). Saul Swimmer's Concert for Bangladesh (Mar. 23) documents the Aug. 1, 1971 Madison Square Garden concert by George Harrison (1943-2001), who pays a Ł1M tax next year for the concert and album. Mark Rydell's The Cowboys (Jan. 13) (Warner Bros.), based on the novel by William Dale Jennings stars John Wayne as aging Mont. rancher Wil Andersen, who loses his regular cowboys to a gold rush and takes a bunch of adolescent cowboys on a 400-mi. cattle drive to Belle Fourche while being pursued by rustlers led by snakey dern ornery ex-con Asa "Long Hair" Watts (Bruce Dern), who gets the delicious unique movie thrill of shooting and killing John Wayne, after which the teenies turn hero-worshipper and get revenge; also stars Roscoe Lee Brown as cook Jebediah Nightslinger, and Colleen Dewhurst as Kate; does $7.5M box office on a $6M budget; "America will hate you for this" (Wayne); "Yeah, but they'll love me in Berkeley" (Dern); the source of the eternal fight between Agent Smith and Mr. Anderson in "The Matrix"? Ingmar Bergman's Cries and Whispers (Mar. 5) stars Harriet Andersson as cancer-stricken Agnes, who is visited by her sisters Karin (Ingrid Thulin) and Maria (Liv Ullmann). Peter Medak's A Day in the Death of Joe Egg (June 4) stars Alan Bates as Bri (Brian), a teacher in a Bristol boys school, and Janet Suzman as his wife Sheila, who have to cope with 10-y.-o. brain-damaged daughter Joe. Gerard "Jerry" Damiano's Deep Throat (June 11), filmed in Miami, Fla. stars Linda Lovelace (Linda Susan Boreman) (1949-2002) as a woman with an unusual birth defect, the kind that allows her to swallow a banana whole and have it tickle her clitoris, and Harry Reems (1947-) as everready Dr. Young, bringing porno into the mainstream and capturing the imagination of millions, who watch her break the taboo and casually seduce several men and suck their big dicks ("like a sword-swallower") and always swallow rather than spit as if it is delicious food, plus not ask for money like a mere ho, but probably ask to pay them; the Bronx, N.Y. debut features celebs Warren Beatty, Sammy Davis Jr., and Truman Capote; too bad when reality sinks in that it's a dirty, dangerous job she later contracts several diseases, undergoes a life-saving liver transplant on Mar. 5-6, 1987, and becomes an anti-porn crusader (too bad that movie sex, unlike violence, can't be easily faked?); made for $25K in mob money, it grosses $600M+, insuring an unstoppable porno explosion into the Internet Age (until ?); the Nixon White House tries to get the filmmakers, the actors, and the theaters showing it prosecuted, and in 1973 a N.Y. court judge rules it "indisputably and irredemably obscene", which only makes it more popular? John Boorman's Deliverance (July 30), based on the 1970 James Dickey novel stars Burt Reynolds, Jon Voight, Ronny Cox, and Ned Beatty as Atlanta businessmen Lewis Medlock, Ed Gentry, Drew Ballinger, and Bobby Trippe, who make a big mistake one weekend canoing down the Cahulawassee River in Ga. before the er, erection of a dam, and get captured by two hillbillies with er, small game guns, played by Bill McKinney (1931-) and Herbert "Cowboy" Coward (complete with Billy Bob teeth), after which Bill sodomizes Drew while making him squeal like a pig, then Billy Bob Teeth utters the immortal soundbyte "He got a real purdy mouth, ain't he?" to Ed after he is forced to his knees, but are interrupted before he can stick it in by an arrow through the body of Bill by Lewis, after which their trip turns into a flight back to civilization while trying to hide the body, er, bodies; the subliminal message is that Christian men don't know what they're missing with other men?; the film debuts for er, Beatty and Cox; er, Dickey plays a sheriff, as does "Married: With Children" Ed O'Neill; Boorman's son Charley plays Voight's son; the Dueling Banjos Scene, which was copied from an episode of "The Andy Griffith Show" featuring the fictional bluegrass band The Darlings, played by The Dillards, starring inbred albino Lonnie (Billy Redden) on banjo and Ronny Cox on guitar spawns a hit record; "This is the weekend they didn't play golf"; #4 grossing film of 1972 ($46.1M). Waris Hussein's Divorce His, Divorce Hers, a TV movie starring Liz Taylor and Richard Burton (married since 1964) proves prophetic when they divorce two years later in 1974, then remarry 16 mo. later in 1975, then divorce 10 mo. after that in 1976. Luis Bunuel's The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie features six stars who sit down to dinner yet never eat because of all the dreaming going down. Herbert J. Leder's The Doomsday Machine (Escape from Planet Earth) is about a U.S.-Soviet space flight to Venus to repopulate the Earth after it is destroyed by a Chinese you know what; originally filmed in 1967, it is completed in a sloppy fashion, making it a favorite of bad movie buffs. Woody Allen's Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Sex (But Were Afraid to Ask) (Aug. 6), based on the 1969 Dr. David Reuben book stars Allen as the Fool, Fabrizio, Victor Shakapopulis and Sperm #1, and features a giant disembodied breast - just in case people aren't seeing Deep Throat? Alfred Hitchcock's Frenzy (June 21), written by Anthony Shaffer based on a novel by Arthur La Bern stars Jon Finch as convicted serial necktie killer Richard Ian Blaney, who escapes prison to prove his innocence, while Alec McCowen plays Inspector Oxford, who who who. Bill L. Norton's made-for-TV movie Gargoyles (Nov. 21) stars Cornel Wilde as anthropologist Dr. Mercer Boley, and Jennifer Salt as his daughter Diana, who disturb a monster's skeleton in Mexico, discovering the ancient curse of the Gargoyles; first film for makeup artist Stan Winston; Bernie Casey plays the Gargoyle; narrator Vic Perrin introduces the film: "The Devil was once the most favored of the host of angels serving the Lord. But pride welled in his breast. He thought it unseemly for him to serve. The Devil and his band of followers who likewise suffered the sin of pride were defeated in battle by the Lord and his host, and were banished to the outermost depths of Hell, never to know the presence of the Lord, or look on Heaven again. Smarting with his wounds, but all the more swollen with pride, the Devil cried out from the depths, 'It is better to rule in Hell than serve in Heaven'. The Devil proclaimed what was lost in Heaven would be gained on Earth. He said, 'My offspring the Gargoyles will one day rule the Lord's works, Earth and Man.' And so it came to pass that while Man ruled on Earth, the Gargoyles waited, lurking, hidden from the light, reborn every 600 years in man's reckoning of time. The Gargoyles joined battle with Man to gain dominion over the Earth. In each coming the Gargoyles were nearly destroyed by men, who flourished in greater numbers. Now it has been so many hundreds of years that it seems the ancient statues and paintings of gargoyles are just products of man's imagination. In this year, with man's thoughts turned on the many ills he has brought upon himself, man has forgotten his ancient adversary the Gargoyles"; Sam Peckinpah's The Getaway, written by Walter Hill based on the Jim Thompson novel stars Steve McQueen as Doc McCoy, who gets paroled out of Huntsville State Prison (which houses deer outside) by some rich guys to rob a bank, and is double-crossed along with his wife Carol (Ali McGraw), ending up in a shoot-em-up chase across Tex. to the Mexican border; also stars Ben Johnson, Al Lettieri (who dies of a heart attack after filming), Sally Struthers, Richard Bright, and Slim Pickens; McQueen and McGraw McHookup offscreen after the Bitch-Slapping Scene?; the film breaks the kaput movie code by letting them get away with bank robbery and multiple murders, but actually it tones the duo down since in the novel they're psychos?; the Bank Heist Scene, Train Scene, the Have Another Rib Scene, and the Garbage Truck Scene are keepers. Wim Wender's The Goalie's Fear of the Penalty Kick (Feb. 19), based on the 1969 novel by Peter Handke stars Rudiger Volger as goalie Josef Bloch, who is kicked out of a game for a foul and spends the night with a cinema cashier, cashiering her next morning. Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather (Mar. 15) (Paramount Pictures), made for $6.5M based on the 1969 Mario Puzo novel, portraying Italian-Ams. as organized crime maggots feeding on the Am. body politic while making the audience root for them stars cotton-balls-in-cheeks Marlon Brando as the Godfather Don Vito Corleone (1891-1957) (basing his accent on real gangster Frank Costello), Al Pacino, James Caan, and John Cazale as his sons Michael, Santino "Sonny", and Fredo, Robert Duvall as his non-Italian atty. Tom Hagen, Diane Keaton as Michael's non-Italian wife Kay Adams, Talia Shire as Vito's daughter Connie, Gianni Russo as her abusive husband Carlo Rizzi, Abe Vigoda as Sal Tessio, Lenny Montana as Luca Brasi, Sterling Hayden as corrupt police capt. McCluskey, Richard Conte as rival Don Emilio Barzini, Al Lettieri as Virgil "the Turk" Sollozzo, Alex Rocco as Moe Greene (based on Bugsy Siegel), Victor Rendina as Philip Tattaglia, Simonetta Stefanelli as Michael's Sicilian babe Apollonia, and Al Martino as singer Johnny Fontane; Salvatore Corsitto plays Amerigo Bonasera, a mortician who asks for Don Corleone's aid in the opening scene; Orson Welles wanted the Godfather part but got turned down; New York City Mafia don Joe Colombo Sr. uses his Italian Am. Anti-Defamation League to shut down early production of the film in Manhattan, N.Y. until mob-connected Russo is hired; to get into this cast is to get famous?; music by Italian composer Nino Rota (1911-79); too bad, the Oscar nomination for best score is revoked when they find out that Rota lifted music from 1958 Italian film "Fortunella", but later give him the Oscar for "The Godfather Part II"; cinematographer Gordon Hugh Willis Jr. (1931-2014) becomes known as "the Prince of Darkness" for his dark scenes; the crowd-pleasing horse head scene of decapitated $600K racehorse Khartoum, owned by pedophile Jewish movie producer J ack Woltz (John Marley) is filmed in the H-shaped 29-bedroom 40-bathroom Hearst Mansion in Beverly Hills, Calif., most expensive private home in the U.S., in which JFK and Jackie honeymooned; #1 grossing film of 1972 ($245M-$286M worldwide box office incl. $134.9M in the U.S. on a $6.5M budget) (first successful film about the Mafia); Italian-Ams. protest it in vain; Coppola, who directs the epic slam on his own ethnicity receives wealth and fame from Hollywood for selling tickets, becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy as his family members go into the film business; the Godfather Film Trilogy incl. "The Godfather Part II" 1974), and "The Godfather Part III" (1990) does $429 worldwide box office, and garners 29 Oscar nominations; a fourth film is shelves after Puzo's July 2, 1999 death; "Luca Brasi sleeps with the fishes"; "Leave the gun and take the cannoli"; "I'll make him an offer he can't refuse." Sydney Pollack's Jeremiah Johnson (Sept. 10), based on the novel by Vardis Fisher stars Robert Redford as mountain man Jeremiah Johnson, who gets in a long war with the Indians, incl. Paints His Shirt Red (Joaquin Martinez); Will Geer plays Bear Claw; #5 grossing film of 1972 ($44.6M). Bob Rafelson's The King of Marvin Gardens (Oct. 12) stars Jack Nicholson as Atlantic City mobster David Staebler, who asks his radio personality brother Jason (Bruce Dern) to help him build a paradise on a Pacific island; Ellen Burstyn plays Nicholson's babe Sally. Sidney J. Furie's Lady Sings the Blues (Oct. 12) stars Diana Ross as jazz singer slash ho Bille Holiday, Billy Dee Williams as Louis McKay, and Richard Pryor as the Piano Man; Lonne Elder III (1927-96) becomes the first African-Am. to be nominated for an Oscar for screenwriting; white Suzanne De Passe (1947-) is also nominated. Wes Craven's The Last House on the Left (Aug. 30) (Hallmark Releasing), produced by Sean S. Cunningham based on Ingmar Bergman's 1960 film "The Virgin Spring" about two teenie girls who are taken into the woods and tortured by a gang of murderous thugs, becoming the dir. debut of Cleveland, Ohio-born Wesley Earl "Wes" Craven (1939-2015); grosses $3M box office on an $87K budget; remade in 2009; "To avoid fainting, keep repeating, 'It's only a movie'". Bernardo Bertolucci's X-rated Last Tango in Paris (Oct. 14) stars Marlon Brando as middle-aged American Paul, who has an X-rated hot tub romance in a bare apt. with chesty young French babe Jeanne (Maria Schneider) in order to get over his wife's suicide, getting off on a pound of butter; Brando's best performance?; features a soundtrack by Gato Barbieri; "Go on and smile, you cunt"; does $96M box office on a $1.25M budget. Kenneth Anger's Lucifer Rising, about Aleister Crowley's Thelema features Marianne Faithfull; Chris Jagger (Mick Jagger's brother) backs out of playing Lucifer; features a soundtrack by Jimmy Page. Michael Winner's The Mechanic (Nov. 17) (United Arists) stars Charles Bronson as top hit man Arthur Bishop, who works for a secret internat. org. while living the life of a sophisticate, and is assigned Big Harry McKenna (Keenan Wynn), causing his son Steve (Jan-Michael Vincent) to go after him in a death duel, posing as his apprentice; the first 16 min. of the film has no dialogue; "In this box are the tools of his trade. He has more than a dozen ways to kill and they all work." Jacques Demy's The Pied Piper (May 25) stars Donovan Leitch as the Piper, and Donald Pleasence as the Baron. Herbert Ross' Play It Again, Sam (May 4), written by Woody Allen based on his 1969 play stars himself as nerd Allan Felix, who's in love with his best friend's wife Diane Keaton, and is helped by constant advice from his alter ego Bogey (Jerry Lacy). Clint Eastwood's Play Misty for Me (Nov. 3) (Eastwood's dir. debut), filmed in his home area of Carmel-by-the-Sea, Calif. and the Sept. 1970 Monterey Jazz Festival stars Eastwood as disc jockey David "Dave" Garver, who is stalked by female fan Evelyn Draper (Jessica Walter), who keeps calling in to ask him to play the 1954 jazz tune Misty by Erroll Garner (1921-77). Ronald Neame's The Poseidon Adventure (Dec. 12) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1969 Paul Gallico novel features a star-studded cast incl. Gene Hackman, Ernest Borgnine, Shelley Winters, Red Buttons, Jack Albertson, and Stella Stevens (Jan. 1960 Playboy Playmate of the Month) as passengers on cruise ship SS Poseidon that gets capsized on New Year's Eve en route from New York to Athens, causing its 10 survivors (out of 1.4K) to have to climb up inside the upside-down boat to the hull; creates the new film genre of big cast disaster flick; orcalike Winters' swimming feats in a submerged boiler room becomes a classic (her 3rd drowning victim role); The Morning After by Maureen McGovern wins a best song Oscar; #2 grossing film of 1972 ($93.3M U.S. and $127.3M worldwide box office on a $4.7M budet); refilmed in 2005 and 2006. Peter Medak's The Ruling Class (Sept. 13) (Embassy Pictures) (United Artists), produced by Jules Buck based on the 1968 Peter Barnes play stars Peter O'Toole as insane Jack Arnold Tancred Gurney, 14th Earl of Gurney, who starts out believing that he is Jesus Christ and gives up belief in God to become Jack the Ripper, going on a killing spree while assuming his place in the House of Lords and giving a speech in favor of capital punishment; Graham Crowden plays court-appointed pshrink Dr. Truscott, who declares him sane because he's a fellow Etonian; Alistair Sim plays Bishp Lampton; Arthur Lowe plays Tusk the butler; a flop, it goes on to gain a cult following; "A comedy with tragic relief." (O'Toole). Marcel Ophuls' A Sense of Loss is a documentary starring Irish leader Bernadette Devlin (Roman Catholic) and Ian Paisley (Protestant). Douglas Trumbull's Silent Running (Mar. 10) (Universal) is a sci-film starring Bruce Dern as the keeper of the space greenhouse Valley Forge, who is told to nuke it and decides to save it, with help from service drones Huey, Dewey, and Louie; features the Joan Baez songs Rejoice in the Sun and Silent Running. George Roy Hill's Slaughterhouse-Five (Mar. 15), based on the 1969 Kurt Vonnegut Jr. novel about a man who became unstuck in time and abducted by aliens stars Michael Sacks as Billy Pilgrom, Ron Leibman as Paul Lazzaro, Sharon Gans as Valencia Merble Pilgrim, and Valerine Perrine as Billy's centerfold cosmic lover Montana Wildhack. Joseph L. Mankiewicz's Sleuth (Dec. 10) (Palomar Pictures) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1970 Anthony Shaffer play stars Laurence Olivier as mystery novelist Andrew Wyke, who lives in a manor in Wiltshire, and Michael Caine as his wife's hairdresser lover Milo Tindle, who is invited to the manor only to end up in a chess game of tricks, traps, disguises, and plots; Mankiewicz's last film. Andrei Tarkovsky's Solaris (Mar. 20), based on the 1961 novel by Stanislaw Lem is about Earthlings probing the oceanic planet Solaris while its sentient beings probe their minds. Martin Ritt's Sounder, based on the 1969 William H. Armstrong novel about the black sharecropper Morgan family in rural La. during the Depression stars Paul Winfield and Cicely Tyson. Gordon Parks Jr.'s Super Fly (July 1) (Universal) (black slang for excellent) is a cool blaxploitation film starring able black actor Ron O'Neal (1937-2004) as New York cocaine dealer Youngblood Priest, who tries to quit in one piece after one last score; the soundtrack by Curtis Mayfield makes it a classic; too bad, its portrayal of black communities as controlled by drug lords pisses-off civil rights activists; "That honkey's using me, so what? I'm glad he's using me, because I'm gonna make a piss pot full a money, and I'm going to live like a prince, a fucking black prince. Yah, this is the life, I could be nothing nowhere else, and about his killing me, shit I don't care, as long as he lets me live to be an old motherfucker"; "You gonna give all this up, 8-track stereo, color TV in every room, and you can snort half a piece every day. That's the American Dream ain't it, nigger, well ain't it, ain't it, come on in man." Donald W. Thompson's A Thief in the Night (title taken from 1 Thess. 5:2) is pt. 1 of a 4-part series on the Rapture and Second Coming of Christ. Joseph Anthony's Tomorrow, based on a story by William Faulkner and a play by Horton Foote stars Robert Duvall as lonely Miss. farmer Jackson Fentry, who takes in abused pregnant woman Sarah Eubanks (Olga Bellin), and gets into a heap of trouble with her beau. Francois Truffaut's Two English Girls (Deux Anglaises et le Continent) (Nov. 18), based on a story by Henri-Pierre Roche is about Claude (Jean-Pierre Leaud), who has a love affair with sisters Anne (Kirka Markham) and Muriel (Stacey Tendeter). Robert Aldrich's Ulzana's Raid (Oct. 18) stars Burt Lancaster as army scout McIntosh, who helps Lt. Garnett DeBuin (Bruce Davison) fight renegade Apache chief Ulzana (Joaquin Martinez); Jorge Luke plays tame Apache Army scout Ke-Ni-Tay. Elia Kazan's The Visitors (Feb. 2) stars Patrick McVey and Patricia Joyce as Harry and Martha Wayne, James Woods as Bill Schmidt, Steve Railsback as Mike Nickerson, and Chico Martinez as Tony Rodrigues. Peter Bogdanovich's What's Up Doc? (Mar. 10) stars Barbara Streisand as eternal college student Judy Maxwell, and Ryan O'Neal as musicology prof. Dr. Howard Bannister, who falls for her; #3 grossing film of 1972 ($57.1M). Sandra Hochman's Year of the Woman (Oct.) is the first documentary about the women's movement, filmed at the 1972 Dem. Nat. Convention in Miami in July, incl. the Women's Political Caucus; features siblings Warren Beatty and Shirley MacLaine, incl. an interview where Hochman pisses Beatty off; after being shown for five nights in New York City in Oct., it ends up locked in a vault (until ?), and Hochman's filmmaking career goes kaput even though she looks like Barbra Streisand, has the body of Brigitte Bardot, and was on the 1968 lists of the top 100 most beautiful and most intelligent women in the U.S.? Plays: Jean Anouilh (1910-87), Tu Etais Si Gentil Quand Tu Etais Petit (You Were So Nice When You Were Young). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Not I (Lincoln Center, New York) (Nov. 22); stars Jessica Tandy and Henderson Forsythe. Vinnette Carroll (1922-2002) and Micki Grant (1941-), Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope (musical revue) (Playhouse Theatre, New York) (Apr. 19) (1,065 perf.); the African-Am. experience; stars Micki Grant (Minnie Perkins McCutcheon); Carroll becomes the first African-Am. woman to direct on Broadway, also the first to receive a Tony nomination for direction; features the songs Fighting for Pharaoh, My Name is Man, So Little Time, Time Brings About a Change. Frank Chin (1940-), The Chickencoop Chinaman (first play) (New York); first play by an Asian-Am. playwright to be produced in New York City. Caryl Churchill (1938-), Owners (debut); 10-bucks-a-gallon Socialist critique of Capitalism. Michael Cook (1933-94), Colour the Flesh the Colour of Dust. Robert Coover (1932-), A Theological Position. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), Lloyd George Knew My Father; In the Red. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Aurora; music by John Fitzgibbon; The Curse of the Langston House. David French (1939-), Leaving Home (Taragon Theater, Toronto) (May 16); first of his "Mercer plays" about a Newfoundland family living in Toronto through three generations. Athol Fugard (1932-), John Kani (1943-), and Winston Ntshona (1941-), Sizwe Bansi is Dead (Cape Town) (Oct. 8). Barbara Garson (1941-), Going Co-Op; a left-wing collective in Manhattan organizes renters. Pam Gems (1925-), Betty's Wonderful Christmas (first play) (Cockpit Theatre, London). William Gibson (1914-2008), A Cry of Players stars Anne Bancroft as Shakespeare's wife Anne Hathaway. Peter Handke (1942-), Stucke 1 (Plays 1). David Hare (1947-), The Great Exhibition (Hamstead Theatre, London). Paul Carter Harrison (1936-), The Great McDaddy. Jack Hibberd (1940-), A Stretch of the Imagination (Pram Factory, Melbourne) (Mar. 3). Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), Macbett; based on Shakespeare's "Macbeth". Jim Jacobs (1942-) Warren Casey (1935-88), and John Clifford Farrar (1945-), Grease (musical) (Eden Theatre, New York) (Feb. 14) (Broadhurst Theater, New York) (June 7) (3,388 perf.); dir. by Tom Moore (1943-); Sandy Dumbrowski (Carole Demas) and Danny Zuko (Barry Bostwick) at Rydell H.S. in 1959, based on Taft H.S. in Chicago; features the songs Look at Me, I'm Sandra Dee, We Go Together, Shakin' at the High School Hop, Alone at a Drive-In Movie; the three 1-syllable Euro countries are Spain, France, and guess what? Thomas Keneally (1935-), An Awful Rose. Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), Electra and Orestes; An Evening with Dead Essex. David Mamet (1947-), The Duck Variations; two old men on a park bench muse about ducks. Felicien Marceau (1913-), L'Homme en Question; L'Ouvre-Boite. Bob Merrill (1921-98), Peter Stone (1930-2003), and Jule Styne (1905-94), Sugar (musical) (Majestic Theatre, New York) (Apr. 9) (505 perf.); based on the 1959 film "Some Like It Hot"; produced by David Merrick; dir. by Gower Champion; stars Robert Morse as Jerry/Daphne, Tony Roberts as Joe/Josephine, Elaine Joyce as Sugar Kane, and Cyril Ritchard as Osgood Fielding Jr. Arthur Miller (1915-2005), The Creation of the World and Other Business (Shubert Theatre, New York) (Nov. 30); his first comedy, about the Book of Genesis; a flop. Jason Miller (1939-2001), That Championship Season (Booth Theatre, Sepr. 14) (844 perf.) (Pulitzer Prize); a championship basketball team reunites with its old coach; stars Michael McGuire, Walter McGinn, and Richard Dysart; filmed in 1982; written by the same guy who plays zonked-out priest Father Karras in The Exorcist this year. Howard Moss (1922-87), The Palace at 4 A.M.. John Osborne (1929-94), A Place Calling Itself Rome. Gerome Ragni (1935-91), Dude: The Highway Life (Broadway Theatre, New York) (Oct.) (16 perf.); stars Nell Carter, Rae Allen, Salome Bey, and Ralph Carter. Bob Randall, 6 Rms Riv Vu (Helen Hayes Theatre, New York) (Oct. 17) (247 perf.); stars Jerry Orbach and Jane Alexander; a 6-room apt. with a view of the Hudson River. Ronald Ribman (1932-), A Break in the Skin (Yale Repertory Co., New Haven). Willy Russell (1947-), Sam O'Shanker; turned into a musical in 1973. Sonia Sanchez (1934-), Sista Son/Ji. Stephen Schwartz (1948-) and Roger O. Hirson (1926-), Pippin (musical) (Imperial Theatre, New York) (Oct. 23) (1,944 perf.); Pippin the Hunchback, son of Charlemagne searches for the meaning of life; stars John Rubinstein as Pippin, and Ben Vereen as the Leading Player; the TV ads become the first to show actual scenes from the show; features the song Magic to Do, sung by Vereen, with the chars. going into the audience afterwards to thank them for coming; Patina Miller plays the Leading Player in a 2013 revival, becoming the first two actors of different sexes to win a Tony for the same role. Sam Shepard (1943-), The Tooth of Crime (musical) (Open Space Theatre, London) (July 17); rock stars Hoss and Crow duel. Neil Simon (1927-2018), The Sunshine Boys (Broadhurst Theater, New York) (Dec. 20) (538 perf.); an odd couple of retired vaudevillians; stars Jack Albertson, Sam Levene, and Lewis J. Stadlen. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Jumpers (Nat. Theatre, London) (Feb. 2); stars Michael Hordern and Diana Rigg; Artist Descending a Staircase; based on the Marcel Duchamp painting. David Storey (1933-), The Changing Room (New York); a semi-pro N England rugby team. William Styron (1925-2006), In the Clap Shack (Yale Repertory Theatre, New Haven) (Dec.); syphilitic patient Wallace Magruder in the urological ward of a U.S. Navy hospital in the Am. South in summer 1943. Alexander Vampilov (1937-72), Last Summer in Chulimsk (last play). Joseph A. Walker (1935-), The River Niger (St. Mark's Playhouse, New York) (Dec. 5) (400 perf.); a black house painter and failed poet is disappointed by a son who flunks out of Naval aviator school; stars Douglas Turner-Ward, Frances Foster, Graham Brown, Roxie Roker, and Grenna Whitaker; filmed in ? starring James Earl Jones and Louis Gossett Jr. Michael Weller (1942-), Moonchildren (Royale Theatre, New York) (Feb. 21) (16 perf.); original title "Cancer"; some 1960s college seniors share an apt. Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Small Craft Warnings (Truck and Warehouse Theater, New York) (Apr. 2) (200 perf.); lonely losers at a seaside bar; stars Helena Carroll, Cherry Davis, and Gene Fanning. Robert Wilson (1941-), KA MOUNTain and GUARDenia Terrace; runs 1-week nonstop. Paul Zindel (1936-2003), The Secret Affairs of Mildred Wild. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Collected Poems 1951-1971. John Ashbery (1927-2017), Three Poems; switches from verse to prose. W.H. Auden (1907-73), Epistle to a Godson and Other Poems. John Berryman (1914-72), Delusions Etc. (posth.). Earle Birney (1904-95), The Cow Jumped Over the Moon: The Writing and Reading of Poetry. William Bronk (1918-99), Utterances: The Loss of Grass, Trees, Water: The Unbecoming of Wanted and Wanter; To Praise the Music. Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Prosa del Observatorio. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), A Day Book. Stanley Crouch (1945-), Ain't No Ambulances for No Nigguhs Tonight. Listen. Edward Dorn (1929-99), The Hamadryas Baboon at the Lincoln Park Zoo; Gunslinger, Book III: The Winterbrook, Prologue to the Great Book IV Kornerstone. Gunter Eich (1907-72), Zeit und Kartoffeln (Time and Potatoes). Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), The Light Tree and the Fourteenth Beauty; The Monogram. William Everson (1912-94), Who Is She That Looketh Forth as the Morning; by the Beat poet who joined the Dominicans in 1951 as Brother Antoninus then left in 1969 to marry a young babe. Nikki Giovanni (1943-), My House; incl. "The Rooms Inside", "The Rooms Outside". Paul Goodman (1911-72), Little Prayers and Finite Experience. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Deia, A Portfolio. Robert Hayden (1913-80), The Night-Blooming Cereus. Dick Higgins (1938-98), The Book of Love & War & Death; a computer-generated poem using FORTRAN IV. Bill Knott (1940-), Nights of Naomi. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), Up Country: Poems of New England (Pulitzer Prize). Irving Layton (1912-2006), Lovers and Lesser Men. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Footprints. Philip Levine (1928-2015), They Feed They Lion; "They feed they Lion and he comes"; incl. Thistles. Larry Levis (1946-96), Wrecking Crew (debut). William Matthews (1942-97), Sleek for the Long Flight: New Poems. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), And to Each Season; Moment to Moment. James Merrill (1926-95), Braving the Elements. Robin Morgan (1941-), Monster: Poems. Mary Oliver (1935-), The River Styx, Ohio, and Other Poems. George Oppen (1908-84), Seascape: Needle's Eye. Rochelle Owens (1936-), I Am the Babe of Joseph Stalin's Daughter: Poems, 1961-71. Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), In Quest of Candlelighters. Sylvia Plath (1932-63), Winter Trees (posth.). Ishmael Reed (1938-), Conjure: Selected Poems, 1963-1970. Anne Sexton (1928-74), The Book of Folly; incl. The Jesus Papers. Charles Simic (1938-), White. Gerald Stern (1925-), The Naming of the Beasts. Wislawa Szymborska (1923-2012), Could Have; about the Holocaust. James Tate (1943-), Absences. Alexander Trocchi (1925-84), Man at Leisure. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Between Time and Timbuktu, or Prometheus Five: A Space Fantasy; TV play telecast on NET on Mar. 13. David Wagoner (1926-), Riverbed. C.K. Williams (1936-), I Am the Bitter Name. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), "A" 24. Novels: Oscar Zeta Acosta (1935-74), The Autobiography of a Brown Buffalo (first novel); by the real Dr. Gonzo in Hunter S. Thompson's "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas". Richard Adams (1920-2016), Watership Down (first novel) (Nov.); bestseller (50M copies) based on British naturalist Ronald Lockley's 1964 work "The Private Life of the Rabbit", about a small group of literate cultured Lapine-speaking rabbits, who trek to a new home in Watership Down Hill in N Hampshire, England, led by psychic seer rabbit Fiver; inspired by 247-acre Skokholm Island off the coast of SW Wales, a breeding area for sea birds; rejected by seven publishers before Rex Collings takes a chance on it; filmed in 1978; Fiver, his brother Hazel, Bigwig, Blackavar, Kehaar, Silver, Pipkin; the police state of Efrafa under Gen. Woundwort; folk hero El-ahrairah, sun god Lord Frith, grim reaper Black Rabbit of Inle (Moon). Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), The Book of Brian Aldiss (The Cosmic Inferno) (short stories). Jorge Amado (1912-2001), Tereza Batista: Home from the Wars. Eric Ambler (1909-98), The Levanter. Rudolfo Anaya (1937-), Bless Me, Ultima (first novel); first in the N.M. Trilogy ("Heart of Aztlan", "Tortuga"); the A-bomb blast at White Sands, N.M. and its effect on young Chicano Antonio Marez y Luna; filmed in 2013. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), The Gods Themselves; one of his few novels with sex in it, and alien sex to boot. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Surfacing; a companion to her poem collection "Power Politics" (1971), about Canadian nat. identity, preservation, conservation, etc.; filmed in 1981. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), I Come as a Thief. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), Harriet Said... Toni Cade Bambara (1939-95), Gorilla, My Love (short stories) (debut); "...among the best portraits of black life to have appeared in some time". John Barth (1930-), Chimera; three interconnected novellas. Donald Barthelme (1931-89), Sadness (short stories). Giorgio Bassani (1916-2000), L'Odore del Fieno (The Smell of Italy); last in the Romance of Ferrara series (begun 1962). Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), Annihilation Factor; Empire of Two Worlds. John Peter Berger (1926-), G; a seducer through the eyes of the seduced women. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Le Loup (The Wolf). Robert Bloch (1917-94), Night World. Joan Blondell (1906-79), Center Door Fancy; a roman a clef about her life. Judy Blume (1938-), Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing; about 2-y.-o. Farley Drexel Hatcher, who prefers the name Fudge, and his 9-y.-o. brother Peter Warren Hatcher, who is jealous of how his younger brother's horrendous behavior often goes unpunished; spawns sequels Superfudge (1980), Fudge-a-Mania (1990), and Double Fudge (2002); Otherwise Known as Sheila the Great; about Peter Hatcher's rival Sheila Tubman, who suffers from all kinds of phobias. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), El Oro de Los Tigres. John Braine (1922-86), The Queen of a Distant Country. John Brunner (1934-95), The Sheep Look Up; about a U.S. environmental disaster. Frederick Buechner (1926-), Open Heart; #2 in the Bebb Tetralogy. William S. Burroughs (1914-97), Exterminator!; an aging man tries to steal a young man's face while a Col. explains the philosopy of DE (Do Easy). Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Standard Dreaming. Martin Caidin (1927-97), Cyborg; bestseller; followed by "Cyborg II: Operation Nuke" (1973), "Cyborg III: High Crystal" (1974), and "Cyborg IV" (1976); basis of the 1974 TV series "The Six Million Dollar Man". Italo Calvino (1923-85), Invisible Cities. John Dickson Carr (1906-77), The Hungry Goblin: A Victorian Detective Novel; Wilkie Collins. Angela Carter (1940-92), The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman (The War of Dreams). Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Elephants Can Remember (Nov.); Hercule Poirot #33 (last). Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), Rendezvous with Rama; a mysterious 50-km-long cylindrical starship enters the Solar System in the year 2130, is investigated, and after a 1GT nuke fired from Mercury fails to destroy it, it slingshots around the Sun toward the Large Magellanic Cloud; "And on far-off Earth, Dr. Carlisle Perera had as yet told no one how he had wakened from a restless sleep with the message from his subconscious still echoing in his brain: The Ramans do everything in threes." (ending) Larry Collins (1929-2005) and Dominique Lapierre (1931-), O Jerusalem!. Richard Condon (1915-96), Arigato. Pat Conroy (1945-2016), The Water is Wide. Robin Cook (1940-), The Year of the Intern (first novel). Catherine Cookson (1906-98), Pure as the Lily. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), The Chocolate War; Jerry Renault vs. the Vigils and headmaster Brother Leon at Trinity H.S.; his first hit, becoming the 4th most challenged book in h.s. libraries; filmed in 1988. Harry Crews (1935-), CAR. Michael Crichton (1942-2008), The Terminal Man. Robertson Davies (1913-95), The Manticore; 2nd in the Deptford Trilogy. Len Deighton (1929-), Spy Story (Sept.). Nicholas Delbanco (1942-), Possession; first in the Sherbrooke Trilogy (1977-80). R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), Theirs Was the Kingdom (Swann saga); To Serve Them All My Days. Don DeLillo (1936-), End Zone; a West Texas college running back and nuclear warfare. Edwin Denby (1903-83), Mrs. W's Last Sandwich (Scream in a Cave) (only novel). Joseph DiMona (1923-99), 70 Sutton Place (first novel). Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), 334; about 21st cent. New York City. Margaret Drabble (1939-), The Needle's Eye; Simon Camish and Rose Vassiliou; after pub. she divorces the father of her three children. George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), What Entropy Means to Me (first novel); a monster radish. Stanley Elkin (1930-95), Searches and Seizures (Eligible Men) (short stories) (Dec. 11); incl. "The Bailbondsman". Harlan Ellison (1934-) (ed.), Again Dangerous Visions (anthology); a promised sequel "The Last Dangerous Visions" is finally pub. in ?. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Katedralen i Munchen och Andra Berattelser. Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Hessian. Frederick Forsyth (1938-), The Odessa File; an org. that protects ex-Nazis is infiltrated. Paula Fox (1923-), The Western Coast; Annie Ginfala in Hollyweird on the eve of WWII. Janet Frame (1924-2004), Daughter Buffalo. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), A Long Silence (Aupres de Ma Blonde) (Van der Valk #10). Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Diana: The Goddess Who Hunts Alone (Diana o la Cazadora Solitaria). Sheila Fugard (1932-), The Castaways (first novel); wife of Athol Fugard. John Gardner (1933-82), The Sunlight Dialogues; a magician makes a police chief recite classical mythology in Batavia, N.Y. Romain Gary (1914-80), Europa. Jean George (1919-), Julie of the Wolves; set in Alaska. Gail Godwin (1937-), Glass People. Joe Gores (1931-), Dead Skip; San Fran Dean Kearny Assocs. (AKA DKA) PI firm #1. Patrick Grainville (1947-), La Toison (The Fleece). Joanne Greenberg (1932-), Rites of Passage (short stories). Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018), The Farthest Shore (Earthsea #3). James Gunn (1923-), The Listeners; the search for ETI. Peter Handke (1942-), Short Letter, Long Farewell. Barry Hannah (1942-), Geronimo Rex (first novel); an aspiring writer draws inspiration from Geronimo. L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), The Collections. James Herriot (1916-95), All Creatures Great and Small; two novellas incl. "If Only They Could Talk", and "It Shouldn't Happen to a Viet"; the life of a British country vet; a pun on "Ill Creatures Great and Small". John Hersey (1914-93), The Conspiracy; the 64 C.E. plot to assassinate Nero. George V. Higgins (1939-99), The Friends of Eddie Coyle (first novel); a glimpse into the real world of Boston crime using realistic dialog that implies the plot, making him an instant hit after 17 years of trying, becoming "the Balzac of the Boston underworld"; filmed in 1973; "This life's hard, but it's harder if you're stupid. Now you go and get them, and I'll be waiting here. When you come back I'll tell you what to do next. Move." Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), A Dog's Ransom; psycho dog killer Kenneth Rowajinski and Tina the poodle. Richard Hooker (H. Richard Hornberger) (1924-97), M*A*S*H Goes to Maine. Elizabeth Jane Howard (1923-), Odd Girl Out. John Irving (1942-), The Water-Method Man (Nov. 30); a perpetual grad student with a birth defect in his urinary tract goes for his 2nd marriage. Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), The Holiday Friend (June). Thomas Keneally (1935-), The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith; an Australian aborigine blows up. Joseph Kessel (1898-1979), Partout un Ami. James Kirkwood Jr. (1924-89), P.S. Your Cat is Dead; loser James Zoole becomes friends with bi burglar Vito Antenucci after knocking him out; turns it into a play, filmed in 2002. Fletcher Knebel (1911-93), Dark Horse (June); N.J. Turnpike commissioner Eddie Quinn replaces a pres. candidate who dies right before the election, becoming a populist promising everybody a "fair shake". Arthur Koestler (1905-83), The Call Girls: A Tragicomedy with a Prologue and Epilogue; the internat. seminar-conference circuit for geeky scholars. Dean Koontz (1945-), Chase. Louis L'Amour (1908-88), Treasure Mountain; Orrin and Tell Sackett look for their lost father in La. Emma Lathen, Murder Without Icing; John Putnam Thatcher #14. Ira Levin (1929-2007), The Stepford Wives; suburban women become automatons who love to serve their hubbies; filmed in 1975. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), Captain Pantoja and the Special Service (Pantaleon y las Visitadoras); the 1956 Peruvian army sets up a corps of Amazon hos. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Forty Lashes Less One; Chiricahua Apache Raymond San Carlos and black ex-soldier Harold Jackson in Yuma Prison. Meyer Levin (1905-81), The Settlers; Palestinian settlers from Russia in the early 20th cent. Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), White Horse to Banbury Cross; Edmund Trothe #3. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Mirrors; autobio. novel as told by Alexandrian artist Seif Wanli. Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), The Black Oxen (Jan. 31). Larry McMurtry (1936-), All My Friends Are Going to Be Strangers. Shepherd Mead (1914-94), Free the Male Man! Robert Merle (1908-2004), Malevil; filmed in 1981. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Cold Gradations. Merle Miller (1919-86), What Happened. Steven Millhauser (1943-), Edwin Mullhouse: The Life and Death of an American Writer, 1943-1954, by Jeffrey Cartwright (first novel); a precocious tyke from birth to age 11. William Ormond Mitchell (1914-98), The Kite; journalist is assigned to cover 111-y.-o. town's oldest citizen Daddy Sherry. Patrick Modiano (1945-), (Les Boulevards de Ceinture). Brian Moore (1921-99), Catholics; the Roman Catholic Church is up to Vatican IV, merging with Buddhism. David Morrell (1943-), First Blood (first novel); Vietnam war vet Rambo (named after the Rambo apple) gets in a war with Madison, Ky. Wilfred Teasle; filmed in 1982 starring Sylvester Stallone. Iris Murdoch (1919-99), An Accidental Man. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Transparent Things; Hugh Person's memories of visits to Switzerland. Ruth Nichols (1948-), The Marrow of the World; Philip and Linda find a castle sunk in the water that nobody but them can see, and end up in another world with good king Kyril Tessarion and evil witch Morgan and her daughter Ygerna. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), Post Captain; Aubrey-Maturin #2. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Night; a long night with Mary Hooligan. John O'Hara (1905-70), The Second Ewings; The Time Element and Other Stories (posth.). Aldo Palazzeschi (1885-1974), Via Delle Cento Stelle (Road of a Hundred Stars). Edith Pargeter (1913-95), A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury (The Bloody Field); Death to the Landlords!; George Felse. Gail Parent (1940-), Sheila Levine is Dead and Living in New York; bestseller about a 30-something fat Jewish woman who writes a suicide note stressing that she's never been married. Georges Perec (1936-82), Le Revenentes (The Exeter Text: Jewels, Secrets, Sex); Die Maschine (The Machine). James Purdy (1914-2009), I Am Elijah Thrush; an artist seeks artistic independence. Jean Raspail (1925-), Last Chance Armada. John Rechy (1934-), The Fourth Angel; three 16-y.-o. angels recruit a 4th and go out and play games with bums and deviants. Ishmael Reed (1938-), Mumbo Jumbo; African-Am. detective novel set in 1920s Harlem, featuring hoodoo detective PaPa LaBas, who fights the Wallflower Order, a conspiracy to stop black music incl. ragtime and jazz by finding a book by real-life Harlem black Muslim cleric Sufi Abdul Hamid (1903-38); Neo-HooDoo Manifesto. Erich Maria Remarque (1898-1970), Shadows in Paradise (posth.). Mary Renault (1905-83), The Persian Boy; Alexander the Great and his eunuch boy toy Bagoas. Judith Rossner (1935-2005), Any Minute I Can Split; a pshrink has more problems than his patient. Philip Roth (1933-2018), The Breast; academic David Kapesh wakes up to find that he's a 6-ft. mammary gland. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Des Bleus a l'Ame (Scars on the Soul). Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), Love Songs; folk singer Roberta returns home. William Saroyan (1908-81), Places Where I've Done Time. Charles Edward Sellier Jr. (1943-2011), The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams; filmed in 1974. Gladys Schmitt (1909-72), The Godforgotten (last novel); an island is cut off from the rest of humanity just before the year 1000 C.E. Alix Kates Shulman (1932-), Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen; bestseller about white middle-class girl Sasha Davis in the 1940s-60s Midwest; "A devastating expose of the all-American girl plight"; the first important novel from the U.S. women's movement? Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Raw Material. Robert Silverberg (1935-), Dying Inside. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), A Choice of Gods; 99.99% of the human race disappears, and the rest have lifespans of 5K-6K years. C.P. Snow (1905-80), The Malcontents. Elizabeth Spencer (1921-), The Snare; Julia Garrett is drawn into the snare of the big city. Norman Spinrad (1940-), The Iron Dream; about an alternate universe where Adolf Hitler moves to the U.S. and becomes a sci-fi writer, author of the hit "Lord of the Swastika". David Storey (1933-), Pasmore. Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky (1925-91) Boris Natanovich Strugatsky (1933-2012), Roadside Picnic; about how humans react to some Visitors who came, picnicked, and left; censored by the Soviets until it is pub. in English in 1977, becoming a big hit. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), Nor All Thy Tears. Elizabeth Taylor (1912-75), The Devastating Boys (short stories). Jim Thompson (1906-77), King Blood; Ike King fights his sons over his empire. Anne Tyler (1941-), The Clock Winder. John Updike (1932-2009), Museums and Women and Other Stories (Sept. 12). Per Wahloo (1926-75) and Maj Sjowall (1935-), The Locked Room; Martin Beck #5. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Word; Steve Randall gets religion. Frank Waters (1902-95), Pike's Peak. Eudora Welty (1909-2001), The Optimist's Daughter (Pulitzer Prize); autobio. novel. Paul West (1930-), Bela Lugosi's White Christmas; Colonel Mint. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Strange Story of Linda Lee. John A. Williams (1925-94), Captain Blackman; black Capt. Abraham Blackman is wounded in Vietnam and goes into a coma where he hallucinates about the role of the black soldier through time. Gene Wolfe (1931-), The Fifth Head of Cerberus. Kathleen E. Woodiwiss (1939-2007), The Flame and the Flower (first novel); bestselling (4M copies) bodice-ripping erotic historical romance novel, founding the genre; Heather Simmons (the flower) and Capt. Brandon Birmingham (the flame). Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), The Girl from Storeyville. Helen Yglesias (1915-2008), How She Died (first novel); Mary Moody Schwartz, daughter of a convicted Am. Commie spy. Sol Yurick (1925-2013), Someone Just Like You. Births: English "Murron in Braveheart" actress Catherine McCormack on Jan. 1 in Alton, Hampshire; part Irish descent. Am. "Benny in Rent" actor (black) Scott L. "Taye" Diggs on Jan. 2 in N.J.; raised in Rochester, N.Y. Am. contemporary Christian singer Nichole Nordeman on Jan. 3 in Dallas, Tex.; raised in Colorado Springs, Colo. French businessman-activist (Muslim) Rachid Nekkaz on Jan. 9 in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges; Algerian immigrant parents; educated at the Sorbonne. Am. "Riley Finn in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actor Marc Paul Blucas on Jan. 11 in Butler, Penn. Am. "Jack in Jack & Jill" actress Amanda Peet on Jan. 11 in New York City; Quaker father, Jewish mother; educated at Columbia U.; starts out in a Skittles TV ad - I'm into what? Am. "Summer Quinn in Baywatch", "Jamie Powell in Charles in Charge" actress Nicole Elizabeth "Nicky" Eggert on Jan. 13 in Glendale, Calif.; German father, English mother. Belarusian artistic gymnast Vitaly Venediktovich Scherbo (Shcherbo) on Jan. 13 in Minsk. South Korean 5'9" golfer Y.E. Yang (Yang Yong-eun) on Jan. 15 in Seogwipo-si Jeju-do. Am. economist Jon Fisher on Jan. 19 in Stanford, Calif.; educated at Vassar College, and USF. Am. "Adriana La Cerva in The Sopranos", "Gina Tribbiani in Joey" actress Andrea Donna de Matteo on Jan. 19 in Queens, N.Y. Am. Repub. S.C. gov. #116 (2011-) Nimrata Nikki Randhawa Haley on Jan. 20 in Bamberg, S.C.; educated at Clemson U.; Indian Sikh immigrant parents; educated at Clemson U. Am. "Zack in The Recruit" actor Gabriel S. Macht (AKA Gabriel Swann) on Jan. 22 in Bronx, N.Y. Scottish "Spud in Trainspotting", "Gabriel in Skagerrak",m "SPC Shawn Nelson in Black Hawk Down", "Lt. Red Winkle in Pearl Harbor", "Charlie in Wonder Woman" actor Ewen Bremner on Jan. 23 in Portobello, Edinburgh. Am. medium Allison DuBois on Jan. 24 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. "LA Song (Out of This Town)" singer Beth Hart on Jan. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. judge (conservative Roman Catholic People of Praise) Amy Coney Barrett on Jan. 28 in New Orleans, La.; educated at Rhodes College, and Notre Dame Law School. U.S. House Speaker #56 (2023-) and U.S. Rep. (La., 2017-) James Michael "Mike" Johnson on Jan. 30; educated at La. State U. Liberian women's peace activist Leymah Roberta Gbowee on Feb. 1; 2011 Nobel Peace Prize. Canadian mayor #36 of Calgary (2010-) (Muslim) Naheed Kurban Nenshi on Feb. 2 in Calgary, Alberta; South Asian-origin Tanzanian immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Calgary, and Harvard U.; first Muslim mayor of a major North Am. city. Am. "Fonders at Work" writer Jessica Livingston on Feb. 5 in ?; wife (2008-) of Paul Graham (1964-). Am. 6'3" basketball player (black) (Milwaukee Bucks #3, 1995-7) (Toronto Raptors #31, 1997-8) (Dallas Mavericks #21, 1998) (Phoenix Suns #2, 1999) Shawn Christopher Respert on Feb. 6 in Detroit, Mich.; educated at Mich. State U. Am. 7'0" wrestler Big Show (Paul Donald Wright II) on Feb. 8 in Aiken, S.C. Am. rock bassist Robert Todd Harrell (3 Doors Down) on Feb. 13 in Escatawpa, Miss. Am. rock bassist Kevin Baldes (Lit) on Feb. 14. Am. football QB (New England Patriots) (1993-2000) Drew McQueen Bledsoe on Feb. 14 in Walla Walla, Wash. Am. rock singer Robert Kelly "Rob" Thomas (Matchbox Twenty) on Feb. 14 in Landstuhl, West Germany. Czech 6'2" hockey player Jaromir Jagr on Feb. 15 in Kladno. Am. football halfback (black) Jerome Abraham "The Bus" Bettis on Feb. 16 in Detroit, Mich. Am. rock drummer Oliver Taylor Hawkins (Foo Fighters, Coattail Riders) on Feb. 16 in Ft. Worth, Tex. Am. rock musician Billie Joe Armstrong (AKA Wilhelm Fink, Rev. Strychnine Twitch) (Green Day) on Feb. 17 in Oakland, Calif. Am. "Carmen Ibanez in Starship Troopers", "Christmas Jones in The World is Not Enough" actress Denise Lee Richards on Feb. 17 in Downers Grove, Ill.; wife (2002-6) of Charlie Sheen (1965-). Canadian rapper-songwriter-producer (black) k-os (Kevin Brereton) on Feb. 20 in Toronto, Ont. Am. tennis player Michael Chang on Feb. 22 in Hoboken, N.J.; son of chemist Joe Chang; brother of tennis player Carl Chang. Am. "Severance Package" crime novelist Duane Swierczynski on Feb. 22 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. country singer Steve Holy on Feb. 23. Canadian ice hockey player Manon Rheaume (Rhéaume) on Feb. 24 in Beauport, Quebec; first woman to play in an NHL exhibition game (until ?). Am. "Friday After Next", "Dragonfly", "Axis of Evil" comedian Maziar "Maz" Jobrani on Feb. 26 in Tehran, Iran; grows up in Calif.; educated at UCB, and UCLA. Am. "Mascotrs" actress Susan Melinda Yeagley on Feb. 27 in Nashville, Tenn.; educated at USC; wife (2005-) of Kevin Nealon (1953-). Am. "Ron Slater in Dazed and Confused", "Lucas in Empire Records", "Tim Speedle in CSI: Miami" actor Rory Cochrane on Feb. 28 in Syracuse, N.Y. Am. "Pete Dunville in Two Guys and a Girl" actor Richard Robert Ruccolo on Mar. 2 in Marlton, N.J. Am. 7'1" 325 lb. hall-of-fame basketball center (black) (size 22 shoe) (Orlando Magic #32, 1992-6) (Los Angeles Lakers #34, 1996-2004) (Miami Heat #32, 2004-8) (Phoenix Suns #32, 2008-9) (Cleveland Cavaliers #33, 2009-10) (Boston Celtics #36, 2010-11) Shaquille ("Little Warrior") Rashaun "Shaq" O'Neal on Mar. 6 in Newark, N.J.; Army brat; educated at LSU. Am. "Tia Russell in Uncle Buck", "Kim Warner in Yes, Dear" actress Jean Louisa Kelly on Mar. 9 in Worcester, Mass. Am. "Jack McPhee in Dawson's Creek" actor Kerr Van Cleve Smith on Mar. 9 in Exton, Penn. Am. auto racer Matthew Roy "Matt" Kenseth on Mar. 10 in Cambridge, Wisc. Am. porno actor-dir. (gay) Michael Lucas (Andrei Treivas) (AKA Ramzes Kairoff) on Mar. 10 in Moscow, Russia. Am. "Barnes in Terminator Salvation", "James Bevel in Selma", "Glory" actor-rapper (black) (vegetarian) Common (Common Sense) (Lonnie Rashid Lynn Jr.) (Soulquarians) on Mar. 13 in Chicago, Ill. Am. rock musician Derrick Dorsey (Jimmie's Chicken Shack) on Mar. 14. Am. punk rock bassist-producer Mark Allan Hoppus (Blink-182, +44) on Mar. 15 in Ridgecrest, Calif. Am. football coach (black) (Pittsburgh Steelers, 2007-) Michael "Mike" Tomlin on Mar. 15 in Newport News, Va.; educated at the College of William and Mary. Am. soccer player Mariel Margaret "Mia" Hamm on Mar. 17 in Selma, Ala. Canadian rock bassist Melissa Gaboriau Auf der Maur (Hole, Smashing Pumpkins) on Mar. 17 in Montreal, Quebec; Swiss-German ancestry. Am. Repub. Nat. Committee chmn. #65 (2011-17) Reinhold Reince Priebus on Mar. 18 in Dover, N.J.; gorws up in Wisc.; educated at the U. of Wisc., and U. of Miami. English musician Alex Kapranos (Alexander Paul Kapranos Huntley) (Franz Ferdinand) on Mar. 20 in Almondsbury, Gloucestershire; Greek father, English mother. Ethiopian Olympic runner (black) (Oromo) Derartu Tulu on Mar. 21 in Bekoji, Arsi Province; first Ethiopian woman to win a medal in the Olympics (1992). Canadian Olympic figure skater Elvis Stojko on Mar. 22 in Newmarket, Ont.; named after Elvis Presley. Israeli politician (Jewish) Naftali Bennett on Mar. 25 in Haifa; Am. Jewish immigrant parents; educated at Hebrew U. Am. "The 40-Year-Old Virgin" actress-comedian Leslie Mann on Mar. 26 in San Francisco, Calif.; grows up in Newport Beach, Calif. Am. "Ready Player One" novelist (atheist) Ernest Christy Cline on Mar. 29 in Ashland, Ohio. Am. "Kelly Taylor in Beverly Hills, 90210" actress Jennifer Eve "Jennie" Garth on Apr. 3 in Urbana, Ill. Am. "Wave on Wave" country singer Patrick Craven "Pat" Green on Apr. 5 in San Antonio, Tex.; educated at Texas Tech U. Am. "Wayne Arnold in The Wonder Years" actor Jason Robert Hervey on Apr. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Meet the Press" TV journalist (Jewish) Charles David "Chuck" Todd on Apr. 8 in Miami, Fla.; educated at George Washington U. Am. "Town Line" rock-country musician Aaron Lewis (Staind) on Apr. 13 in Rutland, Vt. Am. poet and U.S. poet laureate #52 (2017-) (black) Tracy K. Smith on Apr. 16 in Falmouth, Mass.; grows up in Fairfield, Calif.; educated at Harvard U., and Columbia U. Am. "Sydney Bristow in Alias" actress Jennifer Anne Garner on Apr. 17 in Houston, Tex.; grows up in Charleston, W. Va.; educated at Denison U.; wife (2000-4) of Scott Foley (1972-) and (2005-2017) Ben Affleck (1972-). Am. "Cabin Fever", "Hostel", "Donowitz the Bear Jew in Inglourious Basterds" Splat Pack horror dir.-producer-writer-actor (Jewish) Eli Raphael Roth on Apr. 18 in Newton, Mass.; educated at NYU; husband (2014-18) of Lorenza Izzo (1989-). Am. model-actress Carmen Electra (Tara Leigh Patrick) on Apr. 20 in Sharonville, Ohio; Irish, German and Cherokee ancestry. Am. baseball hall-of-fame player (Atlanta Braves #10, 1993, 1995-2012) Larry Wayne "Chipper" Jones Jr. on Apr. 24 in DeLand, Fla. Am. country musician Michael Jeffers on Apr. 26 in Kingsport, Tenn. Am. rapper-producer Violent J (Joseph Frank "Joe" Bruce) (Insane Clown Posse) on Apr. 28 in Berkley, Mich. Am. "Darla in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actress Julie Marie Benz on May 1 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; grows up in Murrysville, Penn.; educated at NYU. Yemeni al-Qaida member Ramzi bin al-Shibh (al-Shaibah) on May 1 in Ghayl Bawazir. Am. "The Scorpon King", "Jumanji", "Luke Hobbs in The Fast and the Furious" actor-producer-wrestler The Rock (Dwayne Douglas Johnson) on May 2 in Hayward, Calif.; African-Canadian and Samoan ancestry. Am. Shiite Muslim writer-activist Reza Aslan on May 3 in Tehran; emigrates to the U.S. in 1979; educated at Harvard U., and UCSB. Am. rock bassist Mike Dirnt (Michael Ryan Pritchard) (Green Day) on May 4 in Berkeley, Calif.; white father, heroin addict Native Am. mother. Canadian metal musician Devin Garret Townsend (Strapping Young Lad) on May 5 in New Westminster, B.C. Am. "Whose Nailin' Paylin" porno actress Lisa Ann on May 9 in Easton, Penn. Am. Repub. White House secy. #24 (2007-9) Dana Marie Perino on May 9 in Evanston, Wyo.; of Italian descent; grows up in Denver, Colo.; educated at Colo. State U. Pueblo, and U. of Ill. Romanian gymnast Viorica Daniela Silivas (Silivas-Harper) on May 9 in Deva. Am. "Kim Wexler in Better Call Saul" actress Rhea Seehorn on May 12. U.S. Homeland Security segy. #6 (2017-) Kirstjen Michele Nielsen on May 14 in Clearwater, Fla.; educated at the U. of Va. French actor-singer (Jewish) David Charvet (David Franck Guez) on May 15 in Lyon; Tunisian Jewish father, French mother. Swedish singer-actor (gay) Bjorn Helge Andreas Lundstedt (Alcazar) on May 20 in Ostuna. Am. "The Big Bang" rapper (black) (Muslim) Busta Rhymes (Trevor Tahiem Smith Jr.) on May 20 in Red Hook, Brooklyn, N.Y.; Jamaican immigrant parents. Am. rapper (black) The Notorious B.I.G. (Biggie Smalls) (Christopher George Latore Wallace) on May 21 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "Lindsay Monroe in CSI: NY" actress Anna Belknap on May 22 in Damariscotta, Maine. Am. actress-dir.-model Alison Eastwood on May 22 in Carmel, Calif.; daughter of Clint Eastwood (1930-) and Maggie Johnson. Mexican jockey (2015 Triple Crown winner riding American Pharoah) Victor Espinoza on May 23 in Tulancingo. English rock bassist Simon Robin David Jones (The Verve) on May 29 in Liverpool. Dominican-Am. baseball left fielder (black) (Cleveland Indians, 1993-2000) (Boston Red Sox, 2001-8) (Los Angeles Dodgers, 2008-10) Manuel "Manny" Aristides Ramirez Onelcida on May 30 in Santo Domingo, D.R.; grows up in Washington Heights, New York City. Am. "Let's Make a Deal", "James Stinson in How I Met Your Mother" actor-comedian-singer (black) Wayne Alphonso Brady on June 2 in Columbus, Ga.; West Indian immigrant parents; grows up in Orlando, Fla. Am. "Michael Scofield in Prison Break" actor-writer-producer (gay) Wentworth Earl Miller III on June 2 in Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England; black Rhodes Scholar father, white mother; "Which kind of makes me a racial Lone Ranger, caught between two communities"; emigrates to the U.S. at age 1. Am. "60 Minutes" TV journalist Sharyn Elizabeth Alfonsi on June 3 in McLean, Va.; educated at the U. of Miss. Am. "Heart-Shaped Box" horror novelist Joe Hill (Joseph Hillstrom King) on June 4 in Bangor, Maine; 2nd son of Stephen King (1947) and Tabitha King (1949-); brother of Owen King (1977-); educated at Vassar College; named after 19th cent. Swedish immigrant labor leader Joe Hillstrom, subject of I Dreamed I Saw Joe Hill Last Night, sung by Joan Baez at Woodstock in 1969. Am. TV journalist Natalie Leticia Morales on June 6 in Taipei, Taiwan; Puerto Rican father, Brazilian mother; educated at Rutgers U. Kiwi "Bones in Star Trek", "Caesar in Xena: Warrior Princess" actor Karl Urban on June 7 in Wellington; German immigrant father; educated at Wellington College, and Victoria U. of Wellington. Am. "Pvt. Ace Levy in Starship Troopers" actor William Jacob "Jake" Busey on June 15 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Gary Busey (1944-); grows up in Malibu, Calif. Australian "Samantha Spade in Without a Trace" actress Poppy Montgomery (Poppy Petal Emma Elizabeth Deveraux Donahue) on June 15 in Sydney, N.S.W.; wife (2005-11) of Adam Kaufman (1974-). Am. baseball pitcher (New York Yankees, 1995-2003, 2007-2010) (lefty) Andrew Eugene "Andy" Pettitte on June 15 in Baton Rouge, La.; of Italian and Cajun descent. Am. "The Martian" novelist (agnostic) (aviophobe) Andy Weir on June 16 in Davis, Calif.; educated at UC San Diego. French "OSS 117 - Lost in Rio", "George Valentin in The Artist" actor Jean Edmond Dujardin on June 19 in Paris. Am. "Sarah Bailey in The Craft", "Christine York in End of Days", "Annie Garrett in Vertical Limit" actress Robin Tunney on June 19 in Chicago, Ill. Am. rock bassist Twiggy Ramirez (Jeordie Osbourne White) (Marilyn Manson, Nine Inch Nails, Goon Moon) on June 20 in Coral Springs, Fla. Am. "Liz Sherman in Hellboy" actress (Jewish) Selma (Batsheva) Blair Beitner on June 23 in Southfield, Mich. French soccer player (Sunni Muslim) Zinedine Yazid "Zizou" Zidane on June 23 in Marseille; known for headbutting Marco Materazzi (1973-) of Italy in the 2006 World Cup final. Libyan engineer Saif (Seif) Islam al-Gaddafi (al-Gadhafi) (Arab. "sword of Islam") on June 25; son of Muammar al-Gaddafi (1942-). Canadian rock bassist Michael Douglas Henry "Mike" Kroeger (Nickelback) on June 25 in Hannah, Alberta; half-brother of Chad Kroeger (1974-). Am. "Pollux Troy in Face/Off", "Billy Brennan in Jurassic Park III", "Anthony Amado in American Hustle" actor-producer (Roman Catholic) Alessandro Antine Nivola on June 28 in Boston, Mass.; mother is related to Jefferson Davis; educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, and Yale U. English chef James Martin on June 30 in Malton, North Riding of Yorkshire. English "Mallrats", "Basquiat", "Susan in Meet Joe Black" actress Claire Antonia Forlani on July 1 in Twickenham, London; Italian immigrant father, English mother; wife (2007-) of Dougray Scott (1965-). Israeli-Am. physicist-climatologist Nir Joseph Shaviv on July 6 in Ithaca, N.Y.; educated at Israel Inst. of Technology. Am. 6'5" basketball player (black) (Los Angeles Sparks, 1997-2009) Lisa Deshaun Leslie on July 7 in Gardena, Calif.; educated at USC. English rock musician Simon Tong (The Verve) on July 9 in Lancashire. Colombian actress Sofia Margarita Vergara Vergara on July 10 in Barranquilla. Am. "Gloria Delgado-Pritchett in Modern Family" singer-songwriter Anna Jeanette Waroner (That Dog) on July 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. Indian Google CEO (2015-) Sundar Pichai (Pichai Sundararajan) on July 12 in Madurai, Tamil Nadu; of Tamil descent; educated at Stanford U., and Wharton School. Am. "Felicity" actor Scott Kellerman Foley on July 15 in Kansas City, Kan.; husband (2000-4) of Jennifer Garner (1972-) and (2007-) Marika Dominczyk (1980-). Canadian "Alma Garrett in Deadwood" actress Molly Parker on July 17 in Maple Ridge, B.C. Am. 6'4" football WR (black) (New York Jets, 1996-9) (Tampa Bay Buccaneers, 2000-3) (Dallas Cowboys, 2004-5) (Carolina Panthers #19, 2006) Joseph Keyshawn Johnson on July 22 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at USC. Am. "A Haunted House" actor-comedian-dir. (black) Marlon Lamont Wayans on July 23 in New York City; brother of Keenen Ivory Wayans (1958-), Damon Wayans (1960-), Kim Wayans (1961-), and Shawn Wayans (1971-); Jehovah's Witness parents. English "The Dawn of Everything" archeologist David Wengrow on July 25; educated at Oxford U. Am. "Lillian Donovan in Bridesmaids" comedian Maya Khabira Rudolph on July 27 in Gainesville, Fla.; daughter of composer Richard Rudolph and singer Minnie Riperton (1947-79); "My mom was black and my dad is Jewish, and I lost my mom when I was seven. That made me feel really different from other kids." Am. "Naomi Malone in Showgirls", "Jessie Spano in Saved by the Bell" actress Elizabeth Berkley on July 28 in Farmington Hills, Mich. Am. "Wesley Crusher on ST: TNG", "Gordie LaChance in Stand By Me" actor Richard William "Wil" Wheaton III on July 29 in Burbank, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Iranian dancer-actress Tamara Stronach on July 31 in Tehran; daughter of David Stronach and Ruth Vaadia. Am. actress Brigid Conley Walsh (Brannah) on Aug. 3 in San Francisco, Calif. French minister (Jewish) Audrey Azoulay on Aug. 4 in Paris. Am. Planned Parenthood pres. (2019-) Lori Alexis McGill Johnson on Aug. 5 in New York City; educated at Princeton U., and Yale U. Am. "The Windup Girl" sci-fi novelist Paolo Tadini Bacigalupi on Aug. 6 in Paonia, Colo. Colombian Rock musician Juanes (Juan Esteban Aristizabal Vasquez) on Aug. 9 in Carolina del Principe, Antioquia. Am. "Emily Ann Sago in All My Children", "Wendy Simms in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" actress Elizabeth Leigh "Liz "Vassey on Aug. 9 in Raleigh, N.C. Am. "Abbie Carmichael in Law & Order", "Ronica Miles in Agent Cody Banks" "Lindsay Boxer in Women's Murder Club", Jane Rizzoli in Rizzoli & Isles" 5'9-1/2" actress Angela Michelle "Angie" Harmon on Aug. 10 in Highland Park (Dallas), Tex.; German-Irish descent father, Greek descent mother. Swedish symphonic metal musician Christofer Johnsson on Aug. 10 in Upplands Vasby. Am. "Patrick McMullen in The Brothers McMullen" actor Michael "Mike" McGlone on Aug. 10 in White Plains, N.Y. Am. "Noxzema Girl" actress Rebecca Gayheart on Aug. 12 in Hazard, Ky. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Hani Saleh Hasan Hanjour (d. 2011) on Aug. 13 in Ta'if. Haitian PM (2012-) (black) Laurent Salvador Lamothe on Aug. 14 in Port-au-Prince; educated at Barry U., and Saint Thomas U. Am. 6'8" basketball player (black) (New Jersey Nets #31, 1995-8) Edward Charles "Ed" O'Bannon on Aug. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Chuckie Sullivan in Good Will Hunting", "A.J. in Armageddon", "Jack Ryan in The Sum of All Fears" actor-dir.-writer-producer (Methodist) Ben Affleck (Benjamin Geza Affleck-Boldt) on Aug. 15 in Berkeley, Calif.; brother of Casey Affleck (1975-); grows up in Cambridge, Mass.; educated at Occidental College; husband (2005-15) of Jennifer Garner (1972-). Irish pop singer Michael "Mikey" Graham (Boyzone) on Aug. 15 in Dublin. Am. country musician Emily Robison (Emily Burns Erwin) (Dixie Chicks) on Aug. 16 in Pittsfield, Mass. Am. Scientology leader Thomas William "Tommy" Davis on Aug. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of William Davis and Anne Archer (1947-); stepson of Terry Jastrow; half-brother of Jeffrey Tucker Jastrow (1984-); husband of Jessica Feshbach. Am. rock musician Paul John Doucette (Matchbox Twenty) on Aug. 22 in North Huntington, Penn. Am. "Selma" dir.-writer (black) Ava Marie DuVernay on Aug. 24 in Long Beach, Calif.; grows up in Lynwood (near Compton), Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. "Tina Carlyle The Mask", "There's Something About Mary", "Princess Fiona in Shrek", "Julie Gianni in Vanilla Sky", "Jenny Everdeane in Gangs of New York" 5'9" actress Cameron Michelle Diaz on Aug. 30 in San Diego, Calif.; Cuban-Am. father, English-German descent mother; attends Long Beach Polytechnic High School with Snoop Dogg. Am. "Ruby Rhod in The Fifth Element" Smokey in Friday", "James Carter in Rush Hour" actor-comedian (black) Christopher "Chris" Tucker on Aug. 31 in Atlanta, Ga. English "Russell Stringer Bell in The Wire" actor-singer-producer (black) Idrissa Akuna "Idris" Elba on Sept. 6 in Hackney, London; Sierra leonean father, Ghanaian mother. Am. "Frank Martin in The Transporter" actor Jason Statham on Sept. 12 in London. Am. "Leslie Knope in Parks and Recreation" actress Amy Meredith Poehler (pr. POH-lur) on Sept. 16 in Newton, Mass.; sister of Greg Poehler (1974-); educated at Boston College. Am. 6'0" football player-coach (black) Vance Desmond Joseph on Sept. 20 in Marrero, La.; educated at the U. of Colo. Romanian PM (2012-) Victor-Viorel Ponta on Sept. 20 in Bucharest; educated at the U. of Bucharest. English rock musician-songwriter William John Paul "Liam" Gallagher (Oasis) on Sept. 21 in Burnage, Manchester; brother of Noel Gallagher (1967-). Am. rock drummer David Randall Silveria (Korn) on Sept. 21 in Bakersfield, Calif. Am. actress (Jewish?) Gwyneth (Gael. "happiness") Kate Paltrow on Sept. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Penn. Dutch Quaker actress Blythe Danner (1943-) and Russian Jewish descent TV dir. Bruce Paltrow (1943-2003); has kids named Apple and Moses (based on their order in the Bible book of Genesis, or a reference to the Quakers and the Jews?); wife (2003-15) of Christ Martin (1977-). Am. "The Death of Salvador Dali" model-actress ("queen of burlesque") (bi) Dita Von Teese (Heather Renee Sweet) on Sept. 28 in Rochester, Mich.; a 1940s junkie, she attempts to revive burlesque, marries Marilyn Manson (2005-6), and becomes the face of Cointreau; wife (2005-7) of Marilyn Manson (1969-). Am. heavy metal bassist (vegetarian) John Steven Campbell (Lamb of God) on Sept. 30. Am. Miss America 1997 Tara Dawn Holland on Oct. 2 in Overland Park, Kan.; educated at the U. of Mo., and Fla. State U. Am. 6'8" basketball player (black) (Detroit Pistons #33, 1994-2000) (Orlando Magic #33, 2000-7) (Phoenix Suns #33, 207-12) (Los Angeles Clippers #33, 2012-13) Grant Henry Hill on Oct. 5 in Dallas, Tex.; son of Dallas Cowboys running back Calvin Hill; educated at Duke U. English "The King's Speech" dir. Thomas George "Tom" Hooper on Oct. 5 in London; educated at Univ. College, Oxford U. Rock musician Jan Van Sichem Jr. (K's Choice) on Oct. 13. Am. "My Name is Slim Shady" rapper (white) Eminem (Marshall Bruce Mathers III) on Oct. 17 in St. Louis, Mo.; twice-married twice-divorced husband of Kim Mathers (1975-), whom he met at age 14 and puts into his lyrics; in Feb. 2007 she says "I vomit in my mouth whenever I'm around him." Haitian singer (black) (Nelust) Wyclef Jean (Fugees) on Oct. 17 in Croix-des-Bouquets; grows up in Brooklyn and N.J. Am. "Michelle Morris in Dreamgirls" actress (black) Sharon Leal on Oct. 17 in Tucson, Ariz. Mexican actress Kate del Castillo Negrete Trillo on Oct. 23 in Mexico City. Am. wife murderer Scott Lee Peterson on Oct. 24 in San Diego, Calif.; educated at Ariz. State U., and Calif. Polytechnic State U. French economist Esther Duflo on Oct. 25 in Paris; educated at MIT; wife of Abhijit Banerjee (1961-); 2019 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. hall-of-fame football RB (Denver Broncos #30, 1995-2001) (black) Terrell Lamar "T.D." Davis on Oct. 28 in San Diego, Calif.; educated at the U. of Ga. Am. "Who Needs Pictures" country singer Brad Douglas Paisley on Oct. 28 in Glen Dale, W. Va.; husband (2003-) of Kimberly Williams Paisley (1971-); father of William Huckleberry Paisley (2007-). Am. "Girlfriends" actress (black) Tracee Ellis Ross (Tracee Joy Silberstein) on Oct. 29 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Diana Ross (1944-) and Robert Ellis Silberstein. Am. "Bring It On", "Eva in Deliver Us from Eva" actress-model (black) Gabrielle Monique Union on Oct. 29 in Omaha, Neb.; grows up in Pleasanton, Calif. Am. "Ahmed in Flightplan" actor Assaf Cohen on Oct. 31 in Mountain View, Calif. Am. Pres. Bill Clinton advisor Douglas J. "Doug" Band on Oct. ? in Sarasota, Fla.; educated at the U. of Fla., and Georgetown U. Australian "Lynn Sear in The Sixth Sense", "Sheryl Hoover in Little Miss Sunshine" actress-musician Antonia "Toni" Collette (Collett) (Tony Collette and The Finish) on Nov. 1 in Blacktown, N.S.W. Am. rock drummer Andrew Gonzales (Reel Big Fish) on Nov. 1. Am. actress-model-activist ("wholesome Catholic girl" - Hugh Hefner) Jennifer Ann "Jenny" McCarthy on Nov. 1 in Evergreen Park (near Chicago), Ill.; cousin of Melissa McCarthy (1970-); educated at Southern Ill. U. English "Kem in ER", "M:I2", "Crash" actress (black) Thandiwe Adjewa "Thandie" (pr. TAN-dee) ("beloved") Newton on Nov. 6 in London; British father, Zimbabwean mother; degree in anthropology from Downing College, Cambridge U. Am. "Mystique in X-Men" 5'11" actress-model Rebecca Alie Romijn on Nov. 6 in Berkeley, Calif.; Dutch parents; wife (1998-2005) of John Stamos (1963-) and (2007-) Jerry O'Connell (1974-). Am. "Prince Eric in The Little Mermaid" actor Christopher Daniel Barnes on Nov. 7 in Portland, Maine. Am. "Randall Pink Floyd in Dazed and Confused" actor Jason Paul London on Nov. 7 in San Diego, Calif. ; Am. "T.S. Quint in Mallrats" actor Jeremy Michael London on Nov. 7 in San Diego, Calif.; has identical twin brother Jason London. Am. "Alice Evans in 3:10 to Yuma" actress Gretchen Mol on Nov. 8 in Deep River, Conn. Am. "Middle of America" country singer-songwriter Will Hoge on Nov. 14 in Franklin (near Nashville), Tenn. English "Dade Murphy in Hackers", "Simon Sick Boy Williamson in Trainspotting", "Sherlock Holmes in Elementary", "Eli Stone" actor Jonathan "Jonny" Lee Miller on Nov. 15 in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey; husband (1996-9) of Angelina Jolie (1975-) and (2008-) Michele Hicks (1973-). Lebanese singer Wael Jassar on Nov. 22. Am. heavy metal drummer Christopher James "Chris" Adler (Lamb of God) on Nov. 23 in Richmond, Va.; brother of Willie Adler (1976-). Am. heavy metal musician Mark Duane Morton (Lamb of God) on Nov. 25. Am. "The Maze Runners" novelist James Smith Dashner on Nov. 26 in Austell, Ga.; educated at Brigham Young U. Am. "Kevin Malone in The Office" actor Brian Baumgartner on Nov. 29 in Atlanta, Ga. Dutch 6'5" tennis player Richard Peter Stanislav Krajicek on Dec. 6 in Rotterdam. Am. serial murderer Billy Kipkorir Chemirmir (d. 2023) on Dec. 8 inu Baringo County, Kenya. Am. rock musician Ryan Newell (Sister Hazel) on Dec. 8. Am. rock drummer Tre (Tré) Cool (Frank Edwin Wright III) (AKA The Snoo) (Green Day) on Dec. 9 in Frankfurt, Germany. Am. Repub. political commentator (Roman Catholic) Mercedes "Mercy" Schlapp (nee Viana) on Dec. 15 in Miami, Fla.; Cuban immigrant father; wife of Matt Schlapp (1967-). Kiwi "Apoc in The Matrix" actor Julian Sonny Arahanga on Dec. 18 in Raetihi. Am. turntablist-producer DJ Lethal (Leor Dimand) (Limp Bizkit, House of Pain) on Dec. 18 in Riga, Latvia; emigrates to the U.S. in 1980. Am. "Samantha Micelli in Who's the Boss", "Phoebe Halliwell in Charmed" actress Alyssa Jayne Milano on Dec. 19 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. 6'2" football defensive tackle (Tampa Bay Buccaneers #99, 1995-2003) (Oakland Raiders #99, 2004-7) (black) Warren Carlos Sapp on Dec. 19 in Plymouth, Fla.; educated at the U. of Miami. Am. baseball pitcher (black) (Minn. Twins, 1995-2003) LaTroy Hawkins on Dec. 21 in Gary, Ind.; educated at Ind. State U. Chinese Olympic speed skater Zhang Yanmei on Dec. 26 in Jilin. Am. "Kiss Me" guitarist-songwriter Matt Slocum (Sixpence None the Richer) on Dec. 27 in Nashville, Tenn.. Am. 6'0" football placekicker Adam Matthew "Mr. Clutch" Vinatieri on Dec. 28 in Yankton, S.D.; educated at South Dakota State U. English "Gattaca", "Cold Mountain" actor David Jude Law on Dec. 29 in Lewisham, London; teacher parents. Am. "Evie Ethel Garland in Out of This World" actress Maureen Flannigan on Dec. 30 in Inglewood, Calif. Am. Dem. political campaign strategist Mo Eleithee on ? in N.J.: Egyptian immigrant parents; grows up in Tucson, Ariz.; educated at Georgetown U. and George Washington U. Am. chef Alexandra "Alex" Guarnaschelli on ? in New York City. Am. computer scientist (Google co-founder) (Jewish) Lawrence "Larry" Page on ? in East Lansing, Mich.; Jewish mother; educated at the U. of Mich., and Stanford U.; collaborator of Sergey Brin (1973-); builds an injket printer from Lego bricks at the U. of Mich. German-Egyptian "My Farewell from Heaven" historian-political scientist (atheist) Hamed Abdel-Samad on ? in Gizeh, Egypt; son of a Sunni Muslim imam; emigrates to Germany in 1995. German climate scientist Tapio Schneider on ? in ?. Am. "Super Sad True Love Story" novelist (Jewish) +Gary (Igor) Shteyngart on ? in Leningrad, Russia; emigrates to the U.S. in 1979; educated at Oberlin College, and CCNY. Deaths: Canadian automobile magnate Samuel McLaughlin (b. 1871) on Jan. 6 in Oshawa, Ont. Am. jazz musician Bill Johnson (b. 1872) on Dec. 3 in New Braunfels, Tex. Am. poet Natalie Clifford Barney (b. 1876) on Feb. 2 in Paris, France. Am. Mormon Church pres. #10 Joseph Fielding Smith Jr. (b. 1876) on July 2 in Salt Lake City, Utah. U.S. Supreme Court justice #82 (1941-2) James Francis Byrnes (b. 1879) on Apr. 9 in Columbia, S.C. Am. atty. James A. Elkins (b. 1879) on May 7. Czech.-born Am. operetta composer Rudolf Friml (b. 1880) on Nov. 12 in Hollywood, Calif. English-born Am. "Mrs. Davis in Our Miss Brooks" actress Jane Morgan (b. 1880) on Jan. 1 in North Hollywood, Calif. (heart disease). English novelist Daisy Ashford (b. 1881) near Norwich. Irish novelist Padraic Colum (b. 1881) on Jan. 11 in Enfield, Conn. Am. artist Rea Irvin (b. 1881) on May 28 in Frederiksted, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Am. movie gossip columnist Louella Parsons (b. 1881) on Dec. 9 in Santa Monica, Calif.; succeeded by Dorothy Manners in 1964. U.S. secy. of state #49 (1945-7) James Francis Byrnes (b. 1882) on Apr. 9 in Columbia, S.C. French Roman Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain (b. 1882) on Apr. 28 in Toulouse. Danish actress Asta Nielsen (b. 1882) on May 24 in Frederiksberg. Polish-born Am. socialist labor leader Rose Schneiderman (b. 1882) on Aug. 11 in New York City: "The worker must have bread, but she must have roses too." Am. Southern civil rights activist Jessie Daniel Ames (b. 1883) on Feb. 21 in Austin, Tex. Am. "Popeye", "Betty Boop" cartoonist Max Fleischer (b. 1883) on Sept. 11 in Woodland Hills, Calif. German Nazi industrialist Friedrich Flick (b. 1883) on July 20 in Konstanz; leaves his billion-mark empire to his playboy son Friedrich Karl Flick (1927-2006), who spends the rest of his life buying off politicians and refusing to pay wartime victims any compensation, selling out for 3B marks in 1985 and retiring to Austria. Am. Rockefeller Foundation pres. (1936-48) Raymond B. Fosdick (b. 1883) on July 19 in Newtown, Conn. Scottish "The Four Winds of Love" novelist Sir Compton Mackenzie (b. 1883) on Nov. 30 in Edinburgh. Am. Olympic athlete Edward Cook (b. 1888) on Oct. 18 in Chillicothe, Ohio. German Gen. Franz Halder (b. 1884) on Apr. 2 in Aschau im Chiemgau, Bavaria. French Roman Catholic Cardinal (1936-) Eugene Tisserant (b. 1884) on Feb. 21 in Albano, Laziale (heart attack). U.S. pres. #33 (1945-53) Harry S. Truman (b. 1884) on Dec. 26 in Kansas City, Mo.: "The only thing new in the world is the history you don't know"; "Study men, not historians"; "I think one man is just as good as another so long as he's honest and decent and not a nigger or a Chinaman." Am. economist Frank Knight (b. 1885) on Apr. 15 in Chicago, Ill. Am. "The Cantos" modernist poet Ezra Pound (b. 1885) on Nov. 1 in Venice, Italy (intestinal blockage); "A cat that walks by himself, tenaciously unhousebroken and very unsafe for children" (Time mag.): "A plymouth-rock conscience landed on a predilection for the arts" (self-description); "Literature is news that stays news." French novelist-dramatist-poet Jules Romains (b. 1885) on Aug. 14 in Paris. Am. anti-Velikovsky astronomer Harlow Shapley (b. 1885) on Oct. 20 in Boulder, Colo. Greek patriarch (1948-72) Athenagoras I (b. 1886) on July 7 in Phanar, Istanbul, Turkey. Romanian aerodynamics pioneer Henri Coanda 9b. 1886) on Nov. 25 in Bucharest. Am. chemist Edward Calvin Kendall (b. 1886) on May 4 in Princeton, N.J.; 1950 Nobel Medicine Prize. English-born "Puttin' on the Ritz" dir. Edward Sloman (b. 1886) on Sept. 29 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Calif. Am. jazz blues musician Lovie Austin (b. 1887) on July 10 in Chicago, Ill. Am. anti-Communist activist Myron Fagan (b. 1887) on May 12 in ?. English Archbishop of Canterbury (1945-61) Lord Geoffrey Fisher of Lambeth (b. 1887) on Sept. 15. Am. critic Norman Foerster (b. 1887) on Aug. 1 in Palo Alto, Calif. Am. poet Marianne Moore (b. 1887) on Feb. 5 in New York City: "Psychology, which explains everything,/ Explains nothing./ And we are still in doubt." Am. actor Reginald Owen (b. 1887) on Nov. 5 in Boise, Idaho (heart attack). French dramatist Jean-Jacques Bernard (b. 1888). French "Love Me Tonight" actor-singer Maurice Chevalier (b. 1888) on Jan. 1 in Paris (kidney failure). Am. landscape artist John E. Costigan (b. 1888). Italian Maserati co. owner Adolfo Orsi (b. 1888) on Dec. 20. British industrialist Joseph Arthur Rank (b. 1888) on Mar. 29. Am. film dir. Wesley Ruggles (b. 1888) on Jan. 8 in Santa Monica, Calif. Soviet aircraft design pioneer Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev (b. 1888) on Dec. 23 in Moscow. English historian Theodore Wade-Gery (b. 1888) on Jan. 2 in Oxford. Russian ballerina Vera Karalli (b. 1889) on Nov. 16 in Baden, Austria. German Jesuit theologian Erich Przywara (b. 1889) on Sept. 28 in Murnau. Russian-born Am. helicopter king Igor Sikorsky (b. 1889) on Oct. 26 in Easton, Conn. Am. historian John Donald Hicks (b. 1890) on Feb. 5. Am. "Mrs. Margaret Davis in Our Miss Brooks" actress Jane Morgan (b. 1890) on Jan. 1 in Omaha, Neb. Am. "Andy in Amos and Andy" radio comedian Charles J. Correll (b. 1890) on Sept. 26 in Chicago, Ill. (heart attack). Austrian dir.-producer-writer Paul Czinner (b. 1890) on June 22 in London, England. U.S. Sen. (D-La.) (1937-72) Allen Joseph Ellender (b. 1890) on July 27 in Bethesda, Md. Am. "Mr. Social Security" Arthur Joseph Altmeyer (b. 1891) on Oct. 16. Am. economist Clarence Ayres (b. 1891) on July 24 in Alamogordo, N.M. Scottish chemist John Arnold Cranston (b. 1891) on Apr. 25 in Glasgow. Am. astronomer Milton Lasell Humason (b. 1891) on June 18 in Mendocino, Calif. Rusian choreographer-dancer Bronislava Nijinska (b. 1891) on Feb. 21/22 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. dancer-choreographer Ted Shawn (b. 1891) on Jan. 9 in Orlando, Fla. Am. "Looney Tunes" composer Carl Stalling (b. 1891) on Nov. 29. Italian-born Am. bodybuilding king Charles Atlas (b. 1892) on Dec. 23 in Long Beach, N.Y. (heart attack after a daily jog on the beach - kicks his last sand in some 98-lb. weakling's face? Bavarian-born Am. gay rights pioneer Henry Gerber (b. 1892) on Dec. 31 in Washington, D.C. West German pres. (1959-69) Heinrich Luebke (b. 1892) on Apr. 6 in Bonn. English actress Dame Margaret Rutherford (b. 1892) on May 22 in Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire (Alzheimer's). Am. architect John Lloyd Wright (b. 1892) on Dec. 20 in Del Mar, Calif. Swiss-born Australian novelist Martin Boyd (b. 1893) on June 3 in Rome. English "Waverly in the Man from U.N.C.L.E." actor Leo G. Carroll (b. 1892) on Oct. 16 in Hollywood, Calif. (cancer and pneumonia); "I knew Leo G. Carroll was over a barrel when Tarantula took to the hills" (Rocky Horror Picture Show). Am. "Grand Canyon Suite" composer Ferde Grofe (b. 1892) on Apr. 3 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. actor John Litel (b. 1892) on Feb. 3 in Woodland Hills, Calif. German field marshal Erhard Milch (b. 1892) on Jan. 25 in Dusseldorf. Indian librarian S.R. Ranganathan (b. 1892) on Sept. 27 in Bangalore. Am. labor activist Warren Knox Billings (b. 1893) on Sept. 4 in Redwood City, Calif. Am. "Queen of Sheba" actress Betty Blythe (b. 1893) on Apr. 7 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. also-ran aviator Clarence Duncan Chamberlin (b. 1893) on Oct. 30 in Shelton, Conn.; 2nd man to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean after Charles Lindbergh, and first to carry a passenger. Am. silent film actress Dorothy Dalton (b. 1893) on Apr. 13 in Scarsdale, N.Y. Am. "Hunchback of Notre Dame" dir. William Dieterle (b. 1893) on Dec. 9 in Ottobrun, Bavaria, West Germany. Am. historian-economist Herbert Feis (b. 1893) on Mar. 2 in Winter Park, Fla.; the Herbert Feis Award is established in 1984 by the Am. Historical Assoc. to recognize the recent work of public historians and independent scholars. German architect Hans Scharoun (b. 1893) on Nov. 25 in Berlin. Am. writer-poet Mark Van Doren (b. 1894) on Dec. 10 in Torrington, Conn. Am. iron lung inventor Philip Drinker (b. 1894) on Oct. 19 in Fitzwilliam, N.H. - takes his last drink of air and gets his fill? English Duke of Windsor (ex-king Edward VIII) (b. 1894) on May 28 in Paris (cancer); last words to Wallis Simpson: "Mother". English writer Violet Trefusis (b. 1894) on Mar. 1. Spanish fashion designer Cristobal Balenciaga (b. 1895) on Mar. 23 in Valencia. Am. "Hopalong Cassidy" actor William Boyd (b. 1895) on Sept. 12 in South Laguna Beach, Calif. (Parkinson's and heart failure). U.S. Sen. (R-Conn.) (1952-63) Prescott Bush (b. 1895) on Oct. 8 in New York City; father of pres. George H.W. Bush. English novelist L.P. Hartley (b. 1895) on Dec. 13 in London: "The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there." Am. FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover (b. 1895) on May 2 in Washington, D.C.; dies after a 48-year reign as FBI dir., plus three years as asst. dir., serving, er, serving under nine U.S. presidents (eight as dir.), Harding through Nixon. English "Mr. Cinders" actor Bobby Howes (b. 1895) on Apr. 27 in London. Am. "Puttin' on the Ritz" entertainer Harry Richman (b. 1895) on Nov. 3 in Hollywood, Calif.; known for selling autographed ping-pong balls from his 1936 round-trip trans-Atlantic flight in 1936. Am. baseball hall-of-fame exec George Weiss (b. 1895) on Aug. 13 in Greenwich, Conn. Am. writer-critic Edmund Wilson (b. 1895) on June 12 in Talcottville, N.Y.; John Updike succeeds him at the New Yorker mag. Australian-born Am. "A Chump at Oxford" dir. Alfred J. Goulding (b. 1896) on Apr. 25 in Hollywood, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. "Grace Kelly's mother in To Catch a Thief" actress Jessie Royce Landis (b. 1896) on Feb. 2 in Danbury, Conn. (cancer). Am. film dir. Walter Lang (b. 1896) on Feb. 7/8 in Palm Springs, Calif. (kidney failure). French novelist-playwright Henri de Montherlant (b. 1896) on Sept. 21 in Paris (suicide after going blind). Am. "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn" novelist Betty Smith (b. 1896) on Jan. 17 in Shelton, Conn. (pneumonia). Am. "Meet Me in St. Louis" writer Sally Benson (b. 1897) on July 19 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "The DA in Miracle on 34th Street" actor Jerome Cowan (b. 1897) on Jan. 24 in Encino, Calif. Am. restaurant king Howard Johnson (b. 1897) on June 20. Greek patriarch (1946-8) Maximos V (b. 1897) on Jan. 1. Canadian PM (1963-8) Lester Bowles Pearson (b. 1897) on Dec. 27 in Ottawa (liver cancer); 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. Am. gossip columnist Walter Winchell (b. 1897) on Feb. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. (prostate cancer): "Good evening Mr. and Mrs. North and South America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press"; "The way to become famous fast is to throw a brick at someone who is famous." Dutch artist M.C. Escher (b. 1898) on Mar. 27 in Laren. Scottish filmmaker John Grierson (b. 1898) on Feb. 19 in Bath; 1938 founder of the Nat. Film Board of Canada; dies before he can be awarded a Companion of the Order of Canada, causing reforms to speed up the bureaucracy. English "Hound of the Bakservilles" dir. Sidney Lanfield (b. 1898) on June 20. Am. "The Mating Season" dir. Mitchell Leisen (b. 1898) on Oct. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. English psychiatrist Lionel Sharples Penrose (b. 1898) on May 12. English biologist Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer (b. 1899) on June 21 in Alfriston, Sussex: "Each ontogeny is a fresh creation to which the ancestors contribute only the internal factors by means of heredity." Am. scientist Georg von Bekesy (b. 1899) on June 13; 1961 Nobel Med. Prize. German SS Gen. Ernst von dem Bach-Zelewski (b. 1899) on Mar. 8 in Munich; dies in prison. French pianist-composer Robert Casadesus (b. 1899) on Sept. 19 in Paris (cancer). Irish actor Brian Donlevy (b. 1899). Danish king (1947-72) Frederick IX (b. 1899) on Jan. 14 in Copenhagen; asks to be buried outside Roskilde Cathedral rather than inside. Japanese "Thousand Cranes" novelist Yasunari Kawabata (b. 1899) on Apr. 16 in Kamakura, Kanagawa (suicide by gas after getting depressed by the 1970 suicide of Yukio Mishima); 1968 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. jazz clarinetist Mezz Mezzrow (b. 1899). Belgian PM (1938-9, 1946-9) Paul Henri Spaak (b. 1899) on July 31 in Braine-l'Alleud; co-founder of the Common Market (EEC). Russian-born Am. "The Great McGinty" actor Akim Tamiroff (b. 1899) on Sept. 17 in Palm Springs, Calif. (cancer); inspiration for cartoon char. Boris Badenov. South African yellow fever scientist Max Theiler (b. 1899) on Aug. 11 in New Haven, Conn. (lung cancer); 1951 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. soprano Helen Traubel (b. 1899) on July 28 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. silent screen actress Betty Blythe (b. 1900). Am. Metropolitan Opera tenor Richard Crooks (b. 1900) on Sept. 29 in Portola Valley, Calif. Am. HUAC whacko Martin Dies Jr. (b. 1900) on Nov. 14 in Lufkin, Tex. Am. composer-pianist Oscar Levant (b. 1900) on Aug. 14 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack): "Now that Marilyn Monroe is kosher, Arthur Miller can eat her." Am. fashion designer Norman Norell (b. 1900) on Oct. 25 in New York City (stroke); dies before a 50-year retrospective fashion show can be held at the Metropolitan Museum. Austrian biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy (b. 1901) on June 12 in Buffalo, N.Y. Am. country musician Gaither Carlton (b. 1901) on June 24 in Deep Gap, N.C. English adventurer Sir Francis Chichester (b. 1901) on Aug. 26 in Plymouth, Devon (lung cancer). Am. jazz singer ("Mr. Five by Five") Jimmy Rushing (b. 1901) on June 8 in New York City (leukemia). Am. golfer Billy Burke (b. 1902) on Apr. 19 in Clearwater, Fla. Am. actress Miriam Hopkins (b. 1902) on Oct. 9 in New York City (heart attack). Am. "Consumer Reports" founder Arthur Kallet (b. 1902) on Feb. 24 in New Rochelle, N.Y. (pneumonia). Am. anthropologist Julian Steward (b. 1902) on Feb. 6 in Urbana, Ill. Am. assemblage artist Joseph Cornell (b. 1903) on Dec. 29 in Flushing, Queens, N.Y. Kenyan anthropologist Louis Leakey (b. 1903) on Oct. 1 in London (heart attack): "Nothing I've ever found has contradicted the Bible. It's people with their finite minds who misread the Bible"; "The past shows clearly that we all have a common origin and that our differences in race, colour, creed are only superficial." Am. baritone Robert Weede (b. 1903) on July 9 in Walnut Creek, Calif. German-born Am. composer Stefan Wolpe (b. 1903) on Apr. 4 in New York City. Am. "Jack Driscoll in King Kong" actor Bruce Cabot (b. 1904) on May 3 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (lung and throat cancer). Irish-born British poet laureate (1968-72) Cecil Day-Lewis (b. 1904) on May 22 in Hadley Wood, Hertfordshire (cancer); dies in the home of his friend Kingsley Amis. Am. "Princess and Trimline telephone", "Big Ben Alarm Clock" industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss (b. 1904) on Oct. 5 in South Pasadena, Calif. (suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning in his garage, along with his wife Doris). Am. jazz clarinetist Jimmy Lytell (b. 1904) on Nov. 28. German "Lili Marleen" singer Lale Anderson (b. 1905) on Aug. 29 in Vienna (heart attack). Russian biochemist Andrei Belozersky (b. 1905). West Indies-born Am. New Age writer Neville Goddard (b. 1905) on Oct. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am.-English stage actress Margaret Webster (b. 1905) on Nov. 13 in Chilmark, Mass. Italian "The Tartar Steppe" novelist Dino Buzzati (b. 1906) on Jan. 28 in Milan. Russian-born British "Addison DeWitt in All About Eve", "Mr. Freeze in Batman" actor George Sanders (b. 1906) on Apr. 25 in Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain (suicide); leaves note: "Dear World, I am leaving because I am bored. I feel I have lived long enough. I am leaving you with your worries in this sweet cesspool. Good luck"; his friend David Niven predicted his suicide at age 65 in "Bring on the Empty Horses". German-born Am. physicist Maria Goeppert-Mayer (b. 1906) on Feb. 20 in San Diego, Calif. (heart attack); 1963 Nobel Physics Prize. German dramatist Gunter Eich (b. 1907) on Dec. 20 in Salzburg: "Think of this: that after the great destructions/ Every man will attest that he was innocent"; "If our work cannot be understood as criticism, opposition and resistance... then we... decorate the slaughterhouse with geraniums"; "Be inconvenient, be sand, not oil in the gears of the world." Am. theologian Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel (b. 1907). French "France-Soir" publisher Pierre Lazareff (b. 1907) on Apr. 24 in Paris. Mexican-born Am. choreographer Jose Limon (b. 1908) on Dec. 2 in Flemington, N.J. Am. Dem. politician Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (b. 1908) on Apr. 4 in Miami, Fla. (prostatitis); "Mass action is the most powerful force on Earth. As long as it is within the law, it's not wrong; if the law is wrong, change the law." Am. "Think globally, act locally" social activist Saul Alinsky (b. 1909) on June 12 in Carmel, Calif. Canadian-Am. geneticist Colin Munro MacLeod (b. 1909) on Feb. 11 in London. Ghanaian PM #1 (1957-60) and pres. #1 (1960-6) Kwame Nkrumah (b. 1909) on Apr. 27 in Bucharest, Romania (cancer). Am. "David the King" novelist Gladys Schmitt (b. 1909) on Oct. 3 in Pittsburgh, Penn. (heart failure). Am. gay sociologist-poet Paul Goodman (b. 1911) on Aug. 2: "It is by losing ourselves in inquiry, creation & craft that we become something. Civilization is a continual gift of spirit: inventions, discoveries, insight, art. We are citizens, as Socrates would have said, and we have it available as our own"; "How well they flew together side by side/ the Stars & Stripes my red & white & blue/ & my Black flag the sovereignty of no man or law!" Canadian dir. Harmon Jones (b. 1911) on July 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. Italian-born Am. Genovese crime family boss Tommy Ryan Eboli (b. 1911) on July 16 in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, N.Y. (murdered after he fails to pay back a loan). Am. gospel singer Mahalia Jackson (b. 1911) on Nov. 27 in Evergreen Park, Ill.: "To be independent when you haven't got a thing - that's the Lord's test." English novelist R.F. Delderfield (b. 1912) on June 24. Am. "Rosie the Riveter" lyricist Redd Evans (b. 1912) on Aug. 29. Am. country singer Elton Britt (b. 1913) on June 22 (heart attack). Am. "Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?" dir. Frank Tashlin (b. 1913) on May 5 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. "Dream Songs" poet John Berryman (b. 1914) on Jan. 7 in Minneapolis, Minn. (suicide by jumping off a bridge into the Mississippi River): "I didn't want to be like Yeats, I wanted to be Yeats." Am. Western singer-actor Pat Brady (b. 1914) on Feb. 27 in Green Mountain Falls, Colo. German "Gods, Graves and Scholars" writer C.W. Ceram (b. 1915) on Apr. 12 in Hamburg (heart failure): "Genius is the ability to reduce the complicated to the simple." Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player Doug Bentley (b. 1916) on Nov 24 in Saskatoon, Sask. Am. "Sally Glynn in 'She Done Him Wrong' actress Rochelle Hudson (b. 1916) on Jan. 17 in Palm Desert, Calif. (heart attack) Am. movie producer James Harvey Nicholson (b. 1916) on Dec. 10. Am. "Jasper Tweedy in Petticoat Junction", "Olaf Simpson in Green Acres" actor Peter Whitney (b. 1916) on Mar. 30 in Santa Barbara, Calif. (heart attack). Swedish opera house mgr. Goeran Gentele (b. 1917) on July 18 in Sardinia (automobile accident); dies soon after becoming dir. of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Am. producer-dir. Hal Roach Jr. (b. 1918) on Mar. 29 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. "Alvin and the Chipmunks" guy Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (b. 1919) on Jan. 16 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Am. color-line-breaking hall-of-fame baseball player Jackie Robinson (b. 1919) on Oct. 24 in Stamford, Conn.; on Apr. 15, 1997 on the 50th anniv. of his ML debut, his jersey #42 is retired by all ML baseball teams; "A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives." Am. baseball player Eddie Waitkus (b. 1919) on Sept. 16 in Jamaica Plain, Mass. Israeli ambassador Yaacov Herzog (b. 1921) on Mar. 9. Am. actress Marilyn Maxwell (b. 1921) on Mar. 20 in Beverly Hills, Calif. English "Hercules in Jason and the Argonauts" actor Nigel Green (b. 1924) on May 15 in Dallington, East Sussex (OD). Am. baseball player Gil Hodges (b. 1924) on Apr. 2 in West Palm Beach, Fla. Italian publisher-activist Giangiacomo Feltrinelli (b. 1926) on Mar. 14 near Milan; blows himself up with a faulty bomb while trying to take down an electric pylon. French pianist Jean Claude Casadesus (b. 1927) (auto accident). Am. "Hoss Cartwright in Bonanza" actor Dan Blocker (b. 1928) on May 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. (blocked, er, pulmonary embolism following gall bladder surgery); the TV show only lasts one more season. Am. mobster Joseph "Crazy Joe" Gallo (b. 1929) on Apr. 7 in Little Italy, Manhattan, N.Y.; murdered in Umberto's Clam House during his 43rd birthday celebration; the four gunmen incl. Frank "the Irishman" Sheeran (1920-2003), bodyguard of Jimmy Hoffa; his friend, actor Jerry Orbach attends the funeral; at his funeral, his sister cries "The streets are going to run red with blood, Joey!", after which six gangsters are killed in 11 days. Indian actress Meena Kumari (b. 1932) on Mar. 31 in Bombay. Am. boxer Eddie Machen (b. 1932) on Aug. 8 in San Francisco, Calif. (fall from an apt. window). Am. "A Lover's Question" R&B singer Clyde McPhatter (b. 1932) on June 13 in Teacneck, N.J. (heart attack). Puerto Rican baseball player Roberto Clemente (b. 1934) on Dec. 31 off San Juan (airplane crash). Russian playwright Alexander Vampilov (b. 1937) on Aug. 17 in Lake Baikal (drowns while fishing). Am. "Joey in Shane" actor Brandon de Wilde (b. 1942) on July 6 in Denver, Colo. (motorcycle accident) - the good die young? Am. rocker Berry Oakley (b. 1948) on Nov. 11 on State Highway 19 in Macon, Ga. (motorcycle accident); collides with a bus three blocks from where Duane Allman had his motorcycle accident last year, and emerges apparently unscathed, then dies of a skull fracture; in 1998 Raymond Berry Oakley III Bridge is dedicated to him.



1973 - The I'm Not A Crook Tape Game Roe v. Wade Rose Mary Woods 18.5 Minute Gap Yom Kippur War Stockholm Syndrome Zebra Murders Elvis Presley Aloha from Hawaii Millennium '73 Exorcist Kohoutek Year? The U.S. government turns a corner and goes into Bachman-Turner Overdrive, while JFK's old Moon Race turns into a white cowboy-driven Skylab going nowhere but down? Meanwhile bad Germany is finally exorcized and becomes good Germany, grim Greece is nearly taken over by students, and Argentina, Chile and Uruguay become dangerous places for leftists?

Richard Nixon of the U.S. (1913-94) Spiro Theodore Agnew of the U.S. (1918-96) Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. of the U.S. (1913-2006) American POWs released in Hanoi, 1973 Tupolev Tu-144, June 3, 1973 Varig Airlines Flight 820, July 11, 1973 Elvis Presley's Aloha from Hawaii Concert, Jan. 14, 1973 Summer Jam at Watkins Glen, July 28, 1973 Watergate Hearings, 1973 Sam J. Ervin Jr. of the U.S. (1896-1985) Archibald Cox of the U.S. (1912-2004) Elliot Lee Richardson of the U.S. (1920-99) John Wesley Dean III of the U.S. (1938-) James Rodney Schlesinger of the U.S. (1929-) William Egan Colby of the U.S. (1920-96) Alexander Porter Butterfield of the U.S. (1926-) Samuel Dash of the U.S. (1925-2004) Robert Heron Bork of the U.S. (1927-2012) Leon Jaworski of the U.S. (1905-82) John William Wright Patman of the U.S. (1893-1976) Augusto Pinochet of Chile (1915-2006) Juan Peron of Argentina (1895-1974) Isabel Peron of Argentina (1931-) Hector Jose Campora of Argentina (1909-80) Vicente Solano Lima of Argentina (1901-84) Doris A. Davis of the U.S. (1935-) Martha Mitchell of the U.S. (1918-76) Joseph Fred Buzhardt Jr. of the U.S. (1924-78) Dixy Lee Ray of the U.S. (1914-94) Israeli Gen. Avigdor Kahalani (1944-) Ahmed Zaki Yamani of Saudi Arabia (1930-) Israeli Gen. David Elazar (1925-76) Sacheen Littlefeather (1947-) U.S. Lt. Col. William Benedict Nolde (1929-73) Clarence M. Kelly of the U.S. (1911-97) John Albert Scali (1918-95) Zebra Murderers Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan (1914-2007) Mohammad Daoud Khan of Afghanistan (1910-78) Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (1946-) Adm. Luis Carrero Blanco of Spain (1903-73) Torcuato Fernandez Miranda y Hevia of Spain (1915-80) Carlos Arias Novarro of Spain (1908-89) Héctor José Cámpora of Argentina (1909-80) Raul Alberto Lastiri of Argentina (1915-78) Adm. Fahri Korutürk of Turkey (1903-87) Spiros Markezinis of Greece (1909-2000) Phaedon Gizikis of Greece (1917-99) Adamantios Androutsopoulos of Greece (1919-2000) Phaedon Gizikis (1917-99), George Papadopoulos (1919-99), and Dimitris Ioannides (1923-) of Greece Enrico Berlinguer of Italy (1922-84) Saeb Salam of Lebanon (1905-2000) Lebanese Gen. Iskandar Ghanem (1911-2005) Francisco Mendes of Guinea-Bissau (1939-78) Gen. Juvenal Habyarimana of Rwanda (1937-94) Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling of Bahamas (1930-2000) Graham Anderson Martin of the U.S. (1912-90) Dr. Robert L. Dupont of the U.S. Pete Stark Jr. of the U.S. (1931-) Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh of Ireland (1911-78) William 'Willie' Whitelaw of Britain (1918-99) Erskine Hamilton Childers of Ireland (1905-74) Sir Richard Christopher Sharples of Britain (1916-73) Joseph Bradshaw Godber of Britain (1914-80) Lord Antony Lambton of Britain (1922-2006) Norma Leavy (1948-) Lord George Jellicoe of Britain (1918-2007) Tom Bradley of the U.S. (1917-98) Fred Dalton Thompson of the U.S. (1943-2015) Abraham David Beame of the U.S. (1906-2001) Coleman Alexander Young of the U.S. (1918-97) Christopher Paget Mayhew of Britain (1915-97) Dick Taverne of Britain (1928-) Skylab I, 1973 Charles 'Pete' Conrad Jr. of the U.S. (1930-99) Joseph Peter Kerwin of the U.S. (1932-) Paul J. Weitz of the U.S. (1932-) Gerald Paul Carr of the U.S. (1932-) Edward George Gibson of the U.S. (1936-) William Reid Pogue of the U.S. (1930-) Alan LaVern Bean of the U.S. (1932-) Owen Kay Garriott of the U.S. (1930-) John David Vanderhoof of the U.S. (1922-2013) Jack Robert Lousma of the U.S. (1936-) Vasily Lazarev of the Soviet Union (1928-90) Oleg Makarov of the Soviet Union (1933-2003) Pyotr Klimuk of the Soviet Union (1942-) Valentin Lebedev of the Soviet Union (1942-) Khalid Duhham Al-Jawary (1945-) The Clamshell Alliance, 1975- Shirley Ardell Mason (1923-98) Peter Buxton (1937-) Marcus A. Foster (1923-73) David Jonathan Gross (1941-) Frank Anthony Wilczek (1951-) Hugh David Politzer (1949-) Roseann Quinn (1944-73) Dean Corll (1939-73) Pedro Rodrigues Filho (1954-) Elmer Wayne Henley Jr. (1956-) Victor Jara (1932-73) Edmund Kemper (1948-) Herbert W. Boyer (1936-) Stanley Cohen (1922-) Michael Stuart Brown (1941-) and Joseph L. Goldstein (1940-) Michael Robert Milken (1946-) Louis Jolyon West (1924-99) Abu Nidal (1937-2002) Gene Shalit (1925-) Paul M. Weyrich (1942-2008) Marian Wright Edelman (1939-) Philip K. Dick (1928-82) Paul Emil Erdman (1932-2007) Dr. Kenneth C. Edelin (1939-) Princess Anne of Britain (1950-) Princess Anne (1950-) and Capt. Mark Phillips (1948-), 1973 British Vice-Adm. Timothy James Hamilton Laurence (1955-) Joe Cahill (1920-2004) Rev. Al Green (1946-) Guru Maharaj Ji (1957-) Satpal Maharaj (1951-) George Michael Steinbrenner III (1930-2010) Garo Yepremian (1944-2015) Bill Brundige (1945-) Mike Bass (1945-) Jake Scott (1945-) Bob Griese (1945-) Ron Blomberg (1948-) Luis Tiant (1940-) Yvan 'the Roadrunner' Cournoyer (1943-) O.J. Simpson (1947-) George Foreman (1949-) Ken Norton (1949-) Doug Collins (1951-) Doug Collins (1951-) Kermit Washington (1951-) 'The Punch' by Kermit Washington (1951-), Dec. 9, 1977 Rudy Tomjanovich (1948-) in rehabilitation mask George McGinnis (1950-) Bobby Knight (1940-) Bill Walton (1952-) Robyn Smith (1944-) Frank Augustyn (1953-) and Karen Kain (1951-) Secretariat (1970-89), June 9, 1973 Ron Turcotte (1941-) Secretariat Bronze, 1991 Tommy Aaron (1937-) Tom Osborne (1937-) Gordon Johncock (1937-) Roger Williamson (1948-73), July 29, 1973 David Charles Purley (1945-85) Margarita Moran of the Philippines (1954-) J. Paul Getty (1892-1976) Shambhu Tamang (1955-) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, 1973 Joe Redington Sr. (1917-99) Summerland Fire, Aug. 2, 1973 Peter Dinsdale (1960-) Jan Erik Olsson Clark Olofsson (1947-) Nils Bejerot (1922-88) Norma Leah McCovey (1947-) Sarah Ragle Weddington (1945-2021) Linda Nellene Coffee (1942-) Anthony Pellicano (1944-) Amy Burridge (1962-) and Becky Thomson (1955-92) Le Duc Tho (1911-90) of Vietnam and Henry Alfred Kissinger of the U.S. (1923-) Patrick White (1912-90) Ernst Otto Fischer (1918-2007) Ivar Giaever (1929-) Leo Esaki (1925-) Hans Grüneberg (1907-82) Brian David Josephson (1940-) Solomon H. Snyder (1938-) Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson (1921-96) Karl Ritter von Frisch (1886-1982) Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907-88) and Konrad Lorenz (1903-89) Lubos Kohoutek (1935-) Comet Kohoutek Wassily Wassilyovitch Leontief (1905-99) Norman Joseph Woodland (1921-) George Joseph Laurer (1925-) UPC Example, 1973 John Zachary DeLorean (1925-2005) Delorean Car, 1973 Mariner 10 Martin Cooper (1926-) with the Motorola DynaTAC, 1973 Gary Kildall (1942-94) Gary Gygax (1938-2008) Dave Arneson (1947-2009) John Vincent Atanasoff (1903-95) Xerox Alto Computer, 1973 Francois Gernelle (1944-) Andre Truong Trong Thi (1936-2005) Micral, 1973 'Basic Computer Games', by David H. Ahl (1939-), 1973 Jacob Bronowski (1908-74) Brandon Carter (1942-) Mary-Claire King (1946-) George Davis Snell (1903-96) Baruj Benacerraf (1920-) Jean Dausset (1916-2009) Giovanni Fabrizio Bignami (1944-) Jeremiah Paul Ostriker (1937-) James Peebles (1935-) Terje Lomo Timothy V.P. Bliss Donald Olding Hebb (1904-85) Brian Wilson Kernighan (1942-) Hans Georg Dehmelt (1922-) Leonid Hurwicz (1912-2008) Josef Allen Hynek (1910-86) Eric Maskin (1950-) Roger Myerson (1951-) Frans Michel Penning (1894-1953) Alexander Luria (1902-77) David Rosenhan (1929-2012) Sir Ian Wilmut (1944-) Kenneth Geddes Wilson (1936-) Abdus Salam (1926-96) Jogesh C. Pati (1937-) Robert Cohart Merton (1944-) Fischer Sheffy Black (1938-95) Myron Samuel Scholes (1941-) Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (1911-77) Dr. Robert L. Spitzer Michael Harrington (1928-89) Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007) Joseph Sieff (1913-2001) Peter Tompkins (1929-2007) Christopher Bird (1928-96) 'The Secret Life of Plants' by Peter Tompkins (1929-2007) and Christopher Bird (1928-96), 1973 Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-75) Kobo Abe (1924-93) Ernest Becker (1924-74) Frank Bidart (1939-) Harold Bloom (1930-2019) Robert Bly (1926-2021) Edgar Bowers (1924-2000) Howard Brenton (1942-) Asa Earl 'Forrest' Carter (1925-79) Alice Childress (1920-94) Amy Clampitt (1920-94) Susan Cooper (1935-) Malcolm Cowley (1898-1989) Clive Cussler (1931-) Mary Daly (1928-2010) Jared Mason Diamond (1937-) Jonathan Dimbleby (1944-) Marian Wright Edelman (1939-) Stanley Elkin (1930-95) Paula Fox (1923-) Nancy Friday (1937-) Allen Ginsberg (1926-97) Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985) 'Rosey Grier's Needlepoint for Men' by Rosey Grier (1932-), 1973 Uta Hagen (1919-2004) Robert L. Hass (1942-) Marcella Hazan (1924-2013) Carolyn Heilbrun (1926-2003) Arianna Huffington (1950-) Erica Jong (1942-) Rei Kawakubo (1942-) Rei Kawakubo (1942-) Example Elizabeth Levy (1942-) Thierry Mugler (1948-) Thierry Mugler (1948-) Example Battle of Versailles, Nov. 28, 1973 Philip Larkin (1922-85) Robert Lowell (1917-77) 'Looking Back: A Chronicle of Growing Up Old in the Sixties' by Joyce Maynard (1953-), 1973 Mark Medoff (1940-) Edgar Dean Mitchell of the U.S. (1930-) Dolph Briscoe Jr. of the U.S. (1923-2010) Nicholasa Mohr (1938-) John Robert Morris (1913-77) Dame Iris Murdoch (1919-99) Tim O'Brien (1946-) Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010) Octavio Paz (1914-98) Joseph Chilton Pearce (1926-) Marge Piercy (1936-) Jean Poiret (1926-92) Francine Prose (1947-) Thomas Pynchon (1937-) Johan Henri Quanjer (1934-2001) Rousas John Rushdoony (1916-2001) Rabbi Ovadia Yosef (1920-2013) Rael (1946-) Jean Raspail (1925-2020) Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) Richard Rose (1917-2005) Oliver Wolf Sacks (1933-2015) Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (1917-2007) Martin Seymour-Smith (1928-98) Peter Shaffer (1926-) Louis Sheaffer (1912-93) Richard Slotkin (1942-) Danielle Steel (1947-) Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004) Paul Theroux (1941-) Stephen Sondheim (1930-) Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87) E.B. White (1899-1985) John Edgar Wideman (1941-) Thornton Wilder (1897-1975) George Zimmer (1948-) Dik Browne (1917-89) 'Hägar the Horrible', 1973- Annie Leibovitz (1949-) Derren Nesbitt (1935-) and Anne Aubrey (1937-) Gianni Versace (1946-97) Gianni Versace Example Donatella Versace (1955-) Versace Black Dress, 1994 Versace Jungle-Dress, 2000 Aerosmith Bachman-Turner Overdrive 'Dark Side of the Moon' by Pink Floyd, 1973 Pink Floyd Lynyrd Skynyrd Queen 10cc Gregg Allman (1947-) Barry Manilow (1943-) Golden Earring The Isley Brothers George Harrison (1943-2001) Iggy Pop (1947-) Rick Derringer (1947-) Brian Eno (1948-) David Essex (1947-) Roberta Flack (1937-) Chaka Khan (1953-) Peter Maas (1929-2001) 'Serpico: The Cop Who Defied the System', by Peter Maas (1929-2001), 1972 Bob Marley (1945-81) Maureen McGovern (1949- Leona Mitchell (1949-) Suzi Quatro (1950-) Merle Haggard (1937-2016) Willie Nelson (1933-) Dottie West (1932-91) Gram Parsons (1946-73) Charlie Rich (1932-95) Terry Stafford (1941-96) Hues Corporation Samuel Ramey (1942-) Elliott Cook Carter Jr. (1908-) Egon Bondy (1930-2007) Kiss Kool and the Gang The Pointer Sisters Jeanne Pruett (1937-) Neil Bogart (1943-82) Casablanca Records Michael Oldfield (1953-) Sir Richard Branson (1950-) Virgin Records Flash Cadillac Uri Geller (1946-) Gretchen Cryer (1935-) and Nancy Ford (1935-) Berinthia Berenson Perkins (1948-2001) William Joseph Bell (1927-2005) Lee Phillip Bell Telly Savalas (1924-94) as Kojak, 1973-8 Lance Loud (1951-2001) Richard Allen Posner (1939-) Victor Erice (1940-) Jil Sander (1943-) Jil Sander Example 'Equus', 1973 Don Kirshner (1934-2011) 'Barnaby Jones', 1973-80 'Police Story', 1973-8 'Are You Being Served?', 1973-85 'A Little Night Music', 1973 'Seesaw', 1973 Ingmar Bergman (1918-2007) 'American Graffiti', 1973 'The Crazies', 1973 'The Day of the Jackal', 1973 'The Day of the Jackal', 1973 'Dont Look Now', 1973 Bruce Lee (1940-73) 'Enter the Dragon', starring Bruce Lee (1940-73), 1973 'The Exorcist', 1973 'High Plains Drifter', 1973 'Jesus Christ Superstar', 1973 'Live and Let Die', 1973 'My Name Is Nobody', 1973 'Oklahoma Crude', 1973 'The Paper Chase', 1973 'Papillon', 1973 'Satans School for Girls', 1973 'Scorpio', 1973 'Serpico', starring Al Pacino (1940-), 1973 'Sleeper', 1973 Sleeper House, 1963 Charles Utter Deaton (1921-96) 'Soylent Green', 1973 'The Sting', 1973 'Walking Tall', 1973 'Westworld', 1973 'The Wicker Man', 1973 John Candy (1950-94) 'Goober and the Ghost Chasers', 1973-5 'Schoolhouse Rock!', 1973-2009 'Star Trek: The Animated Series', 1973-4 Nam June Paik (1932-2006) Salvador Dali (1904-89) 'Portrait of Alice Cooper's Brain' by Salvador Dali (1904-89), 1973 Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008) 'Sor Aqua' by Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), 1973 Feliks Topolski (1907-89) 'Piccadilly Circus' by Feliks Topolski (1907-89), 1973 Richard Alan Meier (1934-) Douglas House, 1973 Kirk Kekorian (1917-) MGM Grand Hotel, 1973 Fazlur Rahman Khan (1929-82) Sears Tower, 1973 Jřrn Utzon (1918-2008) Sydney Opera House, 1973 Bosphorus Bridge, 1973 Carlton Hotel, 1973 London Bridge, 1973 Dworshak Dam, 1966-73 Eisenhower Tunnel, 1973 'Badlands', 1973 U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame Tabqa Dam, 1968-73 Miller Lite Logo Bud Lite Logo

1973 Doomsday Clock: 12 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Ox (Feb. 3). Time Mag. Man of the Year: John J. Sirica (1904-92). U.S. corn yield: 96.9 bushels per acre (vs. 70 in 1968); the avg. U.S. farm worker produces enough food and fiber for 50 people (vs. 31 in 1963). Between this year and 1976 lung cancer in U.S. women increases 30%. U.S. oil imports are 36% of energy consumed; by 2007 it rises to 66%. Early in the year the U.S. attempts to prop up Lon Nol's Khmer Repub. by dropping twice as many bombs on Cambodia as it dropped on Japan in WWII; by the time the protests back home cause the U.S. Congress to force an end to it, it backfires and alienates the Cambodian pop. and makes it easy for the Khmer Rouge to* get new recruits, giving them control of two-thirds of the country, incl. the ruins of Angkor Wat. The U.S. military is integrated, and women-only branches abolished; women in the U.S. military increase from 1.6% this year to 4.5% of active duty personnel by 1975 (35K of 780K), and 14% by 1998. On Jan. 1 Britain, Ireland, and Denmark enter the European Common Market (Community) created by the 1958 Treaty of Rome. On Jan. 1 Saudi Arabia acquires a 25% interest in Aramco, which grows to 60% in 1974 and full control in 1980; meanwhile Pres. Nixon creates Petrodollars with a deal with King Faisal to accept only U.S. dollars as payment for oil, and to invest any excess profits in U.S. Treasury bonds, notes, and bills in exchange for U.S. protection of Saudi oilfields from the Soviet Union, Iraq, Iran et al.; by 1975 all OPEC members agree, making the U.S. dollar into the world's official currency (until ?); too bad, cheaper imports lead to a decline of the U.S. manufacturing industry. On Jan. 1 a bus carrying soccer players plunges into the Chimbarongo River outside San Fernando, Chile, killing 35. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Ohio State by 42-17 to win the the 1973 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 2 the U.S. admits to the accidental bombing of a Hanoi hospital - just one? On Jan. 2 Am. schoolteacher Roseann Quinn (b. 1944), who likes to bring strange men home from bars is murdered in New York City by bar acquaintance John Wayne Wilson, who after his arrest hangs himself in Bellevue Hospital on May 5, 123 days after the murder, the whole incident spawning the hit 1975 Judith Rossner novel "Looking for Mr. Goodbar". On Jan. 3 Calif. Dem. Fortney Hillman "Pete" Stark Jr. (1931-) becomes a member of the U.S. House of Reps., the first openly atheist member of Congress (until ?). On Jan. 6 ABC-TV debuts David McCall's Schoolhouse Rock! series for 64 episodes (until Mar. 31, 2009), starting out with 41 3-min. animated segments designed to teach academic subjects, accompanied by original songs incl. "Three Is a Magic Number" and "Multiplication Rock" - only teaching kids to expect to learn without cracking books? On Jan. 8 secret peace talks between the U.S. and North Vietnam resume near Paris. On Jan. 9 Mick Jagger is refused a Japanese visa because of his 1969 drug bust, ending the Rolling Stones' planned tour of the Orient. On Jan. 10 a gas tank on Staten Island, N.Y. explodes, killing 40. On Jan. 11 the trial of the Watergate burglars in Washington, D.C. begins; on Jan. 15 four of them plead guilty; on Jan. 30 a 5th man pleads guilty; meanwhile the Patman Committee, chaired by Dem. Tex. rep. (1929-76) John William Wright Patman (1893-1976) investigates the $100 bills found on the Watergate burglars, trying to link them to Nixon's re-election committee (CREEP), with both Nixon and vice-pres. Ford stonewalling it. On Jan. 11 the Dow-Jones hits a peak of 1051.70 even though the U.S. stock market is beginning a 24 mo. decline of 46%. On Jan. 12 Palestine Liberation Org. (PLO) leader (since 1968) Yasser Arafat is reelected. On Jan. 14 Elvis Presley's Aloha From Hawaii Via Satellite Concert from Honolulu Internat. Center becomes the first worldwide telecast by an entertainer, and is watched by 1-1.5B, more people than the 1969 Apollo 11 Moon landing. On Jan. 14 Super Bowl VII (7) is held in Los Angeles, Calif.; the "perfect (ultimate) season" (16-0) Miami Dolphins (AFC) (coach Don Shula) with the "No-Name Defense" defeat the "Over the Hill Gang" Washington Redskins (NFC) 14-7 (coach George Allen), keeping them from crossing midfield more than twice, despite a blunder by Cyprus-born kicker Garabad Sarkis "Garo" Yepremian (1944-2015) (#1/#47), whose 42-yard field goal attempt leading 14-0 with 2 min. left in the game is blocked by William Glenn "Bill" Brundige (1948-) (#77), and after retrieving it he stupidly tries to pass for the first down and fumbles it to Redskins cornerback Michael Thomas "Mike" Bass (1945-) (#41) (his former teammate on the Detroit Lions), who returns it 49 yards for a TD; Dolphins' free safety Jacob E. "Jake" Scott III (1945-) (who wears #13 until 1978, which is later made famous by QB Dan Marino and retired), who makes two interceptions is MVP; Dolphins golden-haired QB Robert Allen "Bob" Griese (1945-) (#12), who fractured his right leg and dislocated his ankle in game 5, and was replaced by Earl Morrall for 10 games returns for the AFC championship game; the next perfect season is the New England Patriots in 2007 - not (18-1). On Jan. 15 handlebar-moustached colorful-bowtie-wearing Jewish Gene Shalit (1925-), who starting doing book reviews in 1969 joins the Today Show on NBC-TV as the regular film critic (until ?). On Jan. 15 Pres. Nixon announces the suspension of all U.S. offensive action in North Vietnam, citing progress in peace negotiations, and not revealing that the South Vietnamese don't want to sign a peace treaty for fear that it will doom them, causing Nixon to threaten Pres. Nguyen Van Thieu with a halt to U.S. aid, uttering the soundbyte to Henry Kissinger: "I don't know whether the threat goes too far or not, but I'd do any damn thing, that is, or to cut off his head if necessary." On Jan. 15 Pope Paul VI has an audience with Golda Meir at the Vatican. On Jan. 16 after the Sharpstown Scandal brings down Tex. gov. (since Jan. 21, 1969) Preston Smith, Uvalde, Tex.-born rancher Dolph Briscoe Jr. (1923-2010) (largest landowner in Tex., elected as pres. of the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Assoc. in 1960 and raising $3M to launch a screwworm eradication program) becomes Dem. Tex. gov. #41 (until Jan. 16, 1979), becoming the first to serve a 4-year term. On Jan. 16 NBC-TV presents the 440th and final episode of Bonanza (begun in 1959) without Hoss (Eric) Cartwright (actor Dan Blocker), who died in 1972. On Jan. 17 the U.S. Public Health Service announces that a link has been found between smoking and increased risk of fetal and infant abnormalities. On Jan. 17 a new 1973 Philippines Constitution names Ferdinand Marcos as pres. for life. On Jan. 11 11 Labour councillors in Clay Cross, Derbyshire, England are ordered to pay Ł6,985 for not enforcing the Housing Finance Act after refusing to collect rent from tenants, causing the Labour Party to hold a conference next Oct. in which they vow to retroactively eliminate the fine upon election of a Labour govt.; too bad, new PM Harold Wilson makes them pay it, causing grumbling that the last organized resistance to capitalism in the Labour Party has been quashed. On Jan. 20 U.S. pres. #37 (since Jan. 20, 1969) Richard M. Nixon is inaugurated for his 2nd term in the 55th U.S. Pres. Inauguration in the East Portico of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C.; Spiro T. Agnew continues as the 39th U.S. vice-pres. (until Oct. 10, 1973); the inaug. theme is "Spirit of '76"; Nixon's 2nd inaugural address contains the soundbyte: "As America's longest and most difficult war comes to an end, let us again learn to debate our differences with civility and decency. And let each of us reach out for that one precious quality government cannot provide - a new level of respect for the rights and feelings of one another, a new level of respect for the individual human dignity which is the cherished birthright of every American. Above all else, the time has come for us to renew our faith in ourselves and in America. In recent years, that faith has been challenged. Our children have been taught to be ashamed of their country, ashamed of their parents, ashamed of America's record at home and of its role in the world. At every turn, we have been beset by those who find everything wrong with America and little that is right. But I am confident that this will not be the judgment of history on these remarkable times in which we are privileged to live. America's record in this century has been unparalleled in the world's history for its responsibility, for its generosity, for its creativity and for its progress. Let us be proud that our system has produced and provided more freedom and more abundance, more widely shared, than any other system in the history of the world. Let us be proud that in each of the four wars in which we have been engaged in this century, including the one we are now bringing to an end, we have fought not for our selfish advantage, but to help others resist aggression. Let us be proud that by our bold, new initiatives, and by our steadfastness for peace with honor, we have made a breakthrough toward creating in the world what the world has not known before - a structure of peace that can last, not merely for our time, but for generations to come." On Jan. 21 after splitting with hippies and anti-trade unionists, the Communist League (Kommunistisk Forbund) is founded in Arghus, Denmark by the Leninist Faction of the Left Socialists (VS) (founded 1970); after holding seven congresses and several summer camps, it dissolves in 1980 after factional disputes and rejoins VS. On Jan. 22 (Roe v. Wade Day) Lyndon B. Johnson (b. 1908) dies of heart disease at his Stonewall, Tex. ranch at age 64, leaving Nixon as the only living U.S. pres. - good, he likes to do his paranoid things alone? The U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rows and wades into the government-backed slaughter of infants (until ?) On Jan. 22 (Mon.) (after reading what version of the U.S. Constitution?) the U.S. Supreme Court rules 7-2 in Roe v. Wade that women don't have an absolute right "to terminate her pregnancy at whatever time, in whatever way, and for whatever reason she alone chooses", but that she does have the right to surgical infanticide (abortion) during the first 3 mo. (trimester) of pregnancy, after which for the next 3 mo. the state may "regulate the abortion procedure in ways that are reasonably related to maternal health", after which during the last 10 weeks the state may prohibit abortion, splitting the nation into two camps, politicizing abortion, and giving the Repub. Party a mission from God to overturn it (until ?); justices William Rehnquist and Byron White (a JFK appointee who also dissented in the Miranda case) are the dissenters, with Rehnquist writing the minority opinion, and White calling the decision "an exercise in raw judicial power" that will result in "interposing a constitutional barrier to state efforts to protect human life"; Harry A. Blackmun writes a long majority opinion containing a history of abortion that has nothing to do with the Constitution, and ending up citing a "right of privacy" sans an explicit mention in it; Cardinal Krol of Philly calls it an "unspeakable tragedy for this nation", while Planned Parenthood Federation of Am. pres. Alan F. Gutmacher calls it "a wise and courageous stroke for the right to privacy and for the protection of a woman's physical and emotional health"; Jane Roe later turns out to be La.-born Norma Leah McCorvey (1947-2017) (nee Nelson), who grew up in Houston, Tex., was sent at age 15 to board with a distant relative who raped her, got a job as a roller-skating carhop in a cowgirl outfit and married a patron who later beat her, discovered she was bi, and got pregnant and gave up three babies for adoption before the decision came down, then later becomes an anti-abortion activist after admitting that at least the pregnancy in question wasn't caused by rape, and that her attys. Sarah Ragle Weddington (1945-2021) of Tex. and Linda Nellene Coffee (1942-) used her to start the case against notorious Dallas DA Henry Wade; in 2017 McCorvey makes a deathbed confession, revealing that she was paid $500K by anti-abortion groups to pretend to be anti-abortion, calling it "an act"; every year after this a March for Life is held on Jan. 22 in Washington, D.C. to protest the decision, politicizing all future U.S. Supreme Court nominations (until ?); meanwhile French police arrest a physician for performing an abortion, causing 10K to march in protest and legislation to legalize abortion to be introduced in the French parliament, which is passed next year; meanwhile 14M new IUDs are inserted in women in China, up from 6M in 1973, but that doesn't stop pop. growth. On Jan. 22 a usually safe Olympic Airways plane crashes, killing Alexander Onassis, son of Aristotle Onassis (b. 1906), causing him to sell his shares to the Greek govt. and die shortly afterward of grief on Mar. 15, 1975. On Jan. 22 an Alia Royal Jordanian B-707 en route from Jeddah carrying 171 Muslims home from Mecca crash-lands in Kano, Nigeria, killing all aboard incl. five crew. On Jan. 23 the Icelandic Eldfell volcano erupts, temporarily interrupting the Cod War. On Jan. 23 a Vietnam Cease-Fire Agreement between the U.S. and Vietnam is announced in Paris, is signed on Jan. 27, and goes into effect on Jan. 28 (Sun.), ending the U.S. military draft (until ?) as the U.S. military pulls out of Vietnam while the North Vietnamese Christmas bombing victims are still fresh in the ground; the North Vietnamese are given 60 days to return U.S. POWs, and the first are released on Feb. 11; on Mar. 29 the last U.S. troops leave South Vietnam, but the bombing of Cambodia continues; the Vietnam War results in 58K U.S., 250K ARVN (South Vietnamese), and 1.1M Viet Cong troops, and 2M civilians killed. On Jan. 25 hunky blonde "Special Branch" English actor Derren Nesbitt (Horwitz) (1935-) is convicted of assaulting his beautiful blonde actress wife Anne Aubrey (1937-), whipping her with a leather strap on the bare buttocks after she admits having an affair with Peter Blatchley, whom she later marries, setting back Nesbitt's acting career. On Jan. 28 Libyan dictator Moammar Ghaddafy gives a speech on Egypt, calling for it to have "a revolution... more democracy of thought, speech and action." On Jan. 28 (Sun.) the Quinn Martin-Philip Saltzman detective series Barnaby Jones debuts on CBS-TV for 178 episodes (until Apr. 3, 1980), starring Christian Ludolf "Buddy" Ebsen Jr. (1908-2003) as a milk-drinking private eye who uses brains instead of brawn, and Lee Ann Meriwether (1935-) as his widowed daughter-in-law Betty, who run a private detective firm in Los Angeles, Calif.; William Conrad plays Frank Cannon in the debut episode "Requiem for a Son", reciprocating with a crossover episode "The Deadly Conspiracy" in 1975. On Jan. 30 Elliot Lee Richardson (1920-99) becomes U.S. defense secy. #11; on May 25 Pres. Nixon appoints reappoints him as U.S. atty.-gen. #69 (to Oct. 20) to coverup, er, oversee the Watergate investigation. On Jan. 31 Pan Am and TWA cancel their options to buy 13 Concorde supersonic airliners, helping to doom it. In Jan. Pres. Nixon discusses Roe v. Wade with Henry Kissinger, saying "There are times when an abortion is necessary, I know that, when you have a black and a white, or a rape." In Jan. Eldfell Vocano on Heimaey Island off Iceland erupts, nearly burying the town of Vestmannaeyjar (#1 fishing port in Iceland), after which volunteers pump 8M tons of seawater over the lava to save the town, becoming the first time man beats volcano? On Feb. 2 after refusing to try to block an FBI investigation of Watergate, CIA dir. (since June 30, 1966) Richard McGarrah Helms (1913-2002) (who ordered the destruction of the records of the secret MKULTRA mind control project last year) is fired by Tricky Dicky Nixon, and appointed as U.S. ambassador to Iran; Jewish-Am. AEC chm. (since 1971) James Rodney Schlesinger (1929-) becomes CIA dir. #9, uttering the soundbyte: "I'm here to make sure you don't screw Richard Nixon", then instituting org. changes that make him unpopular, along with his schmucky condescending personality, causing his official portrait to have to be guarded by a security camera; on July 2 he becomes U.S. defense secy. #12 (until Nov. 19, 1975), and on Sept. 4 William Egan Colby (1920-96) (CIA station chief in Saigon, where he headed the Phoenix program) becomes CIA dir. #10 (until Jan. 30, 1976); meanwhile Stanford-educated marine biologist Dixy Lee (Marguerite) Ray (1914-94) becomes AEC chmn. (until 1976) (first woman), urging the expansion of nuclear power, causing Ralph Nader to call her "Ms. Plutonium"; in 1977 she becomes Dem. gov. of Wash. state (until 1981). On Feb. 3 "Total Recall", "Minority Reporter", "A Scanner Darkly" sci-fi writer Philip K. Dick (1928-82) has his 2-3-73 Episode when his pain medication for a recent wisdom tooth surgery is delivered by a "divine messenger" who shows him the face of God scanning the Earth from a place in the sky, causing him ever after to believe that the Universe we inhabit is "fake", and that a version of himself died, requiring him to explore theology and philosophy; on Mar. 2, 1980 he writes in his journal that he has been shown the secrets of the cosmos, so there was no reason for God to keep him around; he has a stroke and dies on Mar. 2, 1982. On Feb. 4 the comic strip Hagar (Hägar) the Horrible is debuted by King Features Syndicate, created by Richard Arthur Allan "Dik" Browne (1917-89), who retires in 1988, allowing his son Chris Browne (1952-) to take over, growing to 1.9K newspapers in 58 countries and 13 languages by 2010. On Feb. 5 services are held at Arlington Nat. Cemetery for Army Lt. Col. William Benedict Nolde (1929-73), the last U.S. combat casualty before the Vietnam ceasefire, who was killed on Jan. 27 at An Loc by an artillery shell 11 hours before the truce began - that schnooze alarm would have bought him a few extra minutes? On Feb. 8 Senate leaders name seven members of a select committee to investigate the Watergate scandal, incl. minority counsel (future actor) Fred Dalton Thompson (1943-2015), whom Nixon thinks is not smart enough to outfox committee Dems. The U.S. has the world's breadbasket, but it has its limits? On Feb. 12 after speculative selling of U.S. dollars on foreign exchanges, U.S. treasury secy. George Pratt Schultz announces that the U.S. dollar will be devalued by 10% on Feb. 13, after which the Soviets take advantage to sell gold bullion and secretly buy U.S. wheat at only $1.48 a bushel, while the price of imported oil and Japanese imports goes up in the U.S.; the demand causes U.S. farmers to plant 322M acres of wheat (vs. 293M last year), producing a record 1.71B bushels (50M metric tons), causing concerns of land erosion and water table depletion, while food prices soar in the U.S., Japan and Europe, causing Nixon on June 13 to order a freeze on retail food prices, with the soundbyte that he will "not let foreign sales price meat and eggs off the American table"; meanwhile after massive Soviet soybean purchases last year, on June 27 Nixon announces a temporary embargo of exports of soybeans and cottonseeds, shocking Japan and Korea, who rely on them for tofu and cooking oil, and the USDA cancels half of all open soybean and soybean meal export contracts, while the Chicago Board of Trade bars entry into futures contracts for old-crop soybean meal, causing a price collapse and heavy losses, along with price jumps in Japan and Korea; this all causes foreign buyers to redouble their purchases of U.S. wheat, buying 30M tons by the end of July, causing farmers to hold back their crops hoping for higher prices, while reducing cattle and poultry pops. On Feb. 12 Operation Homecoming begins with the first of 591 U.S. POWs from the Vietnam conflict being handed over near Hanoi; 660 of 725 POWs held in Vietnam survived, the first and longest-held being Everett Alvarez Jr. (1937-); future Ariz. Repub. Sen. (1987-2018) John Sidney McCain III (1936-2018) is released on Mar. 14; the last to be released is Robert Thomas White (1940-) on Apr. 1 after three years in solitary. On Feb. 12 Ohio becomes the first U.S. state to post metric distance signs on roads. On Feb. 13 Pres. Nixon makes prejudiced remarks about Jewish, Irish, and Italian-Ams. in White House tapes that aren't released until Dec. 2010. On Feb. 13 the rock & roll club Ebbets Field is opened in downtown Denver, Colo., and features the Mark-Almond Band. On Feb. 14 the U.S. and Hanoi set up a group to channel reconstruction aid directly to Hanoi. On Feb. 16 after it crusades to get more money for victims, causing the atty.-gen. to seek an injunction to silence it an article schedule for Sept. 1972, the British court of appeals rules that the weekly Sunday Times can pub. articles on Thalidomide and its maker Distillers Co. despite legal actions by parents; too bad, in July the House of Lords overturns the decision, claiming that freedom of the press is contempt of court, "A generic term descriptive of conduct in relation to particular proceedings in a court of law which tends to undermine that system or to inhibit citizens from availing themselves of it for the settlement of their disputes"; on Apr. 26, 1979 the European Court of Human Rights rules 11-9 that the British govt. violated Article 10 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. On Feb. 16 the right-wing Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C. is founded with financial backing by Colo. Coors beer magnate Joseph Coors and Philly banking heir Richard Mellon Scaife, headed by Wisc.-born Paul M. Weyrich (1942-2008), a Roman Catholic turned Greek Orthodox religious zealot, whose 180-employee think tank begins grinding out studies against gay rights, abortion, marijuana, gun control, and big govt., gaining support from evangelicals, helping found the Moral Majority with Rev. Jerry Falwell, and growing into the largest public policy research inst. in the U.S. On Feb. 20 Canton, Ohio-born ABC-TV journalist John Albert Scali (1918-95) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #11 (until June 29, 1975). On Feb. 21 after shooting down 13 Syrian MiG-21 fighter jets in Jan., Israeli F-4 fighter jets shoot down a Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 (Boeing 727) en route from Tripoli to Cairo via Benghazi over the Sinai Desert, killing 108 of 113 aboard, claiming it strayed off course and ignored orders to land. Greece has a May-Nov. romance with democracy? On Feb. 21 law students at the U. of Athens in Greece go on strike, barricading themselves inside law school blgs. to protest a law imposing drafting of "subversive youths" that resulted in 88 of their peers getting drafted, which the police brutally quash; in May royalist navy officers led by strongman Col. Georgios Papadopoulos (1919-99) (secret CIA agent?) stage a coup, abolish the monarchy of self-exiled Constantine II, and on June 1 proclaim the Greek Repub., which voters approve in a referendum on July 29, with him as pres. #1 (until Nov. 25), going on in Sept. to appoint liberal Spyridon "Spyros" Markezinis (Markesinis) (1909-2000) as PM #70; too bad, on Nov. 16 more students strike back in the Athens Polytechnic Uprising, barricading themselves in a radio station and broadcasting under the name "the Free Besieged", after which the panicky govt. declares martial law then sends in a tank early on Nov. 17 and shuts them down, killing hundreds and stinking itself up, calling an emergency crisis on Nov. 18, after which on Nov. 25 the junta, led by police chief Brig. Gen. Taxiarkhos Dimitrios (Dimitris) Ioannides (1923-) overthrows Papadopoulos in a bloodless coup and reinstates martial law, with Lt. Gen. Phaedon (Phaidon) Gizikis (1917-99) as new pres. (until Dec. 17, 1974), and Adamantios Androutsopoulos (1919-2000) as new PM (until July 23, 1974); the univs. are reopened in Dec. - we're having a sale on all street-killing supplies as long as you sign up for a mailing list? On Feb. 22 the U.S. and Communist (Red) China agree to establish liaison offices in each other's capitals, establishing de facto diplomatic relations; meanwhile full diplomatic relations are barred by Red China as long as the U.S. continues to recognize pesky Nationalist China (Taiwan). On Feb. 26 a publisher and 10 reporters are subpoenaed to testify on Watergate. On Feb. 26 British PM Edward Heath's govt. pub. a Green Paper on Prices and Incomes Policy. On Feb. 26 the Am. Film Inst. hosts a tribute to dir. John Ford (John or Sean Martin Feeney, O'Feeny, or O'Fearna) (1894-1973) and his #1 leading man and alter ego John Wayne (Marion Robert Morrison) (1907-79) (both of Irish extraction); 6 mo. later on Aug. 31 Ford dies. On Feb. 27 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in Press v. Silver Spring Pool Club that the private Silver Spring Pool Club in Md. cannot bar residents because of color, with Justice Harry A. Blackmun writing the soundbyte: "When an organization links membership benefits to residency in a narrow geographical area, that decision infuses those benefits into the bundle of rights for which an individual pays when buying or leasing within the area." On Feb. 27 after Oglala Sioux Raymond Yellow Thunder is murdered, causing 600-1K supporters of the Am. Indian Movement (AIM) to protest, about 300 of them occupy Wounded Knee, S.D. on the Pine Ridge Rez (site of a massacre of Indians by the paleface U.S. cavalry on Dec. 29, 1890), causing a 6-mo. confrontation with the unsympathetic feds known as the Siege of Wounded Knee, starting out by taking at least 10 hostages; on Mar. 2 the feds surround the Injuns with armored personnel carriers and machine guns; on Mar. 11 an FBI agent is shot; on May 8 after 71 days the militants surrender after two Indians, Frank Clearwater and Buddy Lamont are killed by the feds, who wound several more, after which the govt. begins a systematic infiltration program to keep them down - and bury their hearts? On Mar. 1 after resigning his seat in Parliament (since 1962) for the Labour Party over his support for the European Economic Community, Dick Taverne (1928-) is reelected as a member of his own Dem. Labour Party (until Oct. 1974), launching a realignment on the left of British politics, ending in the creation of the Liberal Party in 1981 from the union of the Social Dem. Party and Liberal Dem. Party. On Mar. 2 Black September terrorists led by Abu Jihad execute three hostages in Khartoum, Sudan after Pres. Nixon refuses their demands. On Mar. 2 the half-hour comedy Are You Being Served? debuts on BBC-TV for 69 episodes (until Apr. 1, 1985), set in Grace Brothers' Dept. Store in London, starring pink-purple-blue-wigged Mary Isobel "Mollie" Sugden (1922-2009) as Ladies Separates and Underwear saleswoman Mrs. Slocombe, and Frank Thornton (Ball) (1921-) as her supervisor Capt. Peacock; also stars Frederick John Inman (1935-2007) as Men's Wear salesman Mr. Humphries; created by Jeremy Lloyd (1930-) and David John Croft (1922-); followed by the sequel Grace & Favour (Are you Being Served Again) (1992-3), which features the chars. retiring to a country manor. On Mar. 3 Japan discloses its first defense plan since World War II. On Mar. 3 after after white Prague, Czech.-born U.S. Public Health Service employee Peter Buxtun (Buxton) (1937-) blows the whistle to the AP, causing the Washington Star to air the story last July 25 and the program to be terminated, U.S. HEW secy. Caspar Weinberger finally authorizes treatment for the survivors of the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, 399 black men who in 1932-72 were left untreated for syphilis so that doctors could study the progress of the disease; 28 of them die from the disease before the U.S. govt. later pays $10M to the victims, and Pres. Clinton apologizes to the final eight on May 16, 1997 - just wash your hands after shaking? On Mar. 4 Israeli PM Golda Meir visits New York City after the U.S. foils a plot by Black September to detonate three car bombs at JFK Airport and two locations in Manhattan. On Mar. 6 Pres. Nixon imposes price controls on oil and gas - he said he was a Quaker state conservative? On Mar. 7 Comet Kohoutek is discovered by Czech. astronomer Lubos Kohoutek (1935-) at Hamburg Observatory 480M mi. from Earth in the orbit of Jupiter while searching for the remnants of Biela's Comet, which broke up in the Sun's gravity and vanished in 1846, becoming the farthest comet yet discovered; on Dec. 26 it attains perihelion; on Dec. 17 Time mag. calls it the "comet of the century" - I thought Kohoutek was an ancient Mayan god? On Mar. 8 two bombs explode near Trafalgar Square in London, injuring 234. On Mar. 8 the Border Poll in Northern Ireland on whether Northern Ireland should remain a part of the U.K. is boycotted by Catholics, and results in a 57% yes vote; 59% of the 1M electorate turns out, but only 1% of Catholics; meanwhile on Mar. 8 the Provisional IRA explodes bombs in Whitehall and the Old Bailey in England; on Mar. 20 the British govt. releases a White Paper on a Catholic-Protestant Coalition Govt., calling for reestablishment of an assembly elected by proportional rep., with a possible All-Ireland Council. On Mar. 8 (Thur.) CBS-TV airs the TV movie The Marcus-Nelson Murders, starring Aristotelis "Telly" Savalas (1924-94) as New York City police Lt. Theo Kojak, which gets such good ratings that it spawns the Kojak series (118 episodes from Oct. 24, 1973 to Mar. 18, 1978); based on real detective Thomas J. Cavanaugh Jr. (1924-96), "the Velvet Whip", who is good at getting confessions from tough criminals. On Mar. 10 Bermuda gov. (since 1972) Maj. Sir Richard Christopher Sharples (b. 1916) is assassinated outside Govt. House by the Black Beret Cadre (a Black Panther copycat group founded in 1969) while walking his Great Dane Horsa, who is also killed, along with aide-de-camp Capt. Hugh Sayers of the Welsh Guards; Erskine Durrant "Buck" Burrows (1939-77) and Larry Tacklyn (1946-77) are hanged on Dec. 2, 1977, setting off three days of rioting, and causing the Bermudan govt. to request British troops to be sent in, who later charge them $2M; Burrows utters the soundbyte "The motive for killing the Governor was to seek to make the people, black people in particular, become aware of the evilness and wickedness of the colonialist system in this island. Secondly, the motive was to show that these colonialists were just ordinary people like ourselves who eat, sleep and die just like anybody else and that we need not stand in fear and awe of them." On Mar. 12 the U.S. Little Cigar Act is passed, banning TV and radio advertising of little cigars. On Mar. 13 millionaire financier George I. Norman Jr. skips out of Denver, Colo. on a 2-year sentence for embezzling more than $500K from the Rocky Mountain Bank; he is captured in Knoxville, Tenn. in 1996. On Mar. 17 the first U.S. POWs are released from the Hanoi Hilton. On Mar. 17 a bomb goes off that is meant for Cambodian pres. Lon Nol, killing 20 but missing him. On Mar. 19 Watergate burglar James W. McCord Jr. writes a letter to Judge John Sirica, admitting that he and other defendants have been pressured to remain silent, and naming U.S. atty.-gen. John Mitchell as "overall boss" of the operation. On Mar. 21 the Lofthouse Colliery Disaster in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England results when a seawater from a nearby 19th cent. mine floods a seam, trapping seven miners in an air pocket, after which rescuers take six days to reach them, recovering only one body, Charles Cotton. On Mar. 21 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez that local property taxes may be used to finance a public school system, even though it can lead to wealth-based discrimination, because there is no fundamental Constitutional right to education; new Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr. is the swing vote. On Mar. 26 the daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless debuts on CBS-TV, created by William Joseph Bell (1927-2005) and his wife (1954-) Lee Phillip Bell; Nadia's Theme by Berry De Vorzon and Perry Botkin Jr. starts out as "Cotton's Dream" in the 1971 film "Bless the Beasts and Children", then is used as the theme song for this show, finally becoming a hit in 1976 after ABC-TV's "Wide World of Sports" uses it for a musical montage about Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci, who in thecompetition performed to "Yes Sir, That's My Baby" and "Jump in the Line". On Mar. 27 the 45th Academy Awards, held in Los Angeles at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion awards the best picture Oscar for 1972 to Paramount's (Alfred S. Ruddy) The Godfather, along with best actor to Marlon Brando, who refuses to appear, sending Calif.-born AIM activist (1970 Miss Am. Vampire) Sacheen Littlefeather (Marie or Maria Cruz) (1947-), dressed in Native Am. garb with a 15-page speech he wrote to explain that he is refusing the Oscar to protest the treatment of Native Ams. at Wounded Knee, the movies and TV, after which she poses for the Oct. 1973 issue of Playboy and appears in several films, incl. "The Trial of Billy Jack" (1974); best dir. goes to Bob Fosse, best actress to Liza Minnelli, and best supporting actor to Joel Grey for Cabaret; best supporting actress goes to Eileen Heckart for Butterflies Are Free. On Mar. 28 Pres. Nixon announces the creation of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), effective July 1, with the soundbyte: "This administration has declared all-out global war on the drug menace". On Mar. 29 the last U.S. combat troops leave South Vietnam; between 14.7%-30.9% of Vietnam vets develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depending on the study, e.g. one reported on Aug. 18, 2006 in Science claiming 18.7%, with 9.1% still suffering from it by the end of the 1980s; 2006 studies suggest that from 11%-17% of U.S. soldiers in Iraq had symptoms of PTSD upon their return. On Mar. 30 U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam (since Apr. 5, 1967) Ellsworth Bunker resigns, and on June 21 is succeeded by Graham Anderson Martin (1912-90) (until Apr. 29, 1975) (last). In Mar. the Mar. 1973 New York City Bomb Plot sees Black Sept. militants plant three homemade car bombs in New York City during the arrival of Israeli PM Golda Meir, which all fail to explode, becoming the first Black Sept. operation in the U.S.; leader Khalid Duhham Al-Jawary (Abu Walid al-Iraqi) (1945-) is apprehended in Jan. 1991, and serves 16 years in prison. On Apr. 1 the last U.S. Vietnam POWs are supposedly handed over, after which persistent rumors cause a Rambo, er, movement to rescue remaining POWs. On Apr. 1 Japan permits its citizens to own gold. On Apr. 1 the U.S. FDA announces that it will recall diet drugs containing amphetamines. On Apr. 3 the Soviet Union launches the Salyut 2 (OPS-1) orbiting space station, but it malfunctions in orbit and is never occupied. On Apr. 6 the exploratory spacecraft Saturn 11 is launched by the U.S. On Apr. 6 Georgetown U.-educated White House counsel John Wesley Dean III (1938-) begins cooperating with federal Watergate prosecutors. On Apr. 6 right-wing Muslim Adm. Fahri Koruturk (Korutürk) (1903-87) becomes pres. #6 of Turkey (until Apr. 6, 1980). On Apr. 6 a cable from a U.S. diplomat in Cairo to U.S. secy. of state William P. Rogers says that Saudi Arabia recognizes the right to exist of Israel, with eliminating it not regarded "as a legitimate aspiration". On Apr. 10 after Suleiman Frangieh refuses to dismiss army CIC gen. (since July 25, 1971) Iskandar Ghanem (1911-2005) for negligence, Israeli commandos assassinate three Palestinian Resistance Movement leaders in Beirut, Lebanon, after which the Lebanese army drags its feet, causing Sunni Muslim PM (since Oct. 13, 1970) Saeb Salam (1905-2000) to resign on Apr. 25, declaring he'll never accept the post again, and going on to play a key role in mediating between the U.S. and PLO after the 1982 Israeli invasion before fleeing to exile in Geneva, Switzerland in 1985; Ghanem retires on July 1, 1976. On Apr. 10 a British airliner crashes in a blizzard in Hochwald, Switzerland, killing 106. On Apr. 11 the British House of Commons votes against restoring capital punishment by a 142-vote margin, and on May 14 it votes to abolish it in Northern Ireland. On Apr. 12 the Labour Party wins control of the Greater London Council. On Apr. 15 U.S. Sen. (D-Ark.) (1945-75) James William Fulbright (1905-95) appears on CBS-TV's Face the Nation, and utters the soundbyte: "Israel controls the United States Senate"; he later becomes a registered lobbyist for Saudi Arabia. On Apr. 16 Ark.-born college history grad. Martha Elizabeth Beall Mitchell (1918-76) (known as "the Mouth of the South", who is a bigger celeb than her hubby, and appeared on the cover of Time mag. in 1970) tells the press that White House press secy. Ronald Louis Ziegler's assertion that Pres. Nixon never met with her hubby John N. Mitchell to discuss the Watergate break-in is a "god-blessed lie", causing Nixon to later tell David Frost (Sept. 1977): "If it hadn't been for Martha Mitchell, there'd have been no Watergate"; too bad, she claims that she was held against her will in a Calif. hotel room and sedated to keep her from talking to the media, causing her info. to be discredited at first, later causing the term Martha Mitchell Effect to be coined for a mistaken psychiatric diagnosis of a person's reasonable belief as a delusion because of their claims of being persecuted. On Apr. 17 Pres. Nixon announces "major developments" in the Watergate coverup, and White House press secy. (1969-74) Ronald Louis Ziegler utters the immortal soundbyte "This is the operative statement - the others are inoperative" to explain why he's retracting statements after they have been proved false. On Apr. 17 the German counterterrorism force GSG-9 (Grenzschutzgruppe-9) (federal border guard service) is formed in response to the 1972 Munich Massacre, going on to complete 1.5K+ missions by 2003 and become a model for other countries; the acronym is kept even after the service becomes the Bundespolizei (federal police) in 2005. On Apr. 17 Federal Express begins operations, launching 14 small aircraft from Memphis Internat. Airport, and delivering 186 packages to 25 cities from Miami, Fla. to Rochester, N.Y. On Apr. 19 Pres. Nixon voices his concern that Am. Jews will "torpedo" a U.S. Soviet summit vowing that "If they torpedo this summit... I'm gonna put the blame on them, and I'm going to do it publicly at nine o'clock at night before eighty million people", adding: "I won't mind one goddamn bit to have a little anti-Semitism if it's on that issue... they put the Jewish interest above America's interest and it's about goddamn time that the Jew in America realizes he's an American first and a Jew second." On Apr. 20 an Indian Pacific train (logo: Australian wedge-tailed eagle) en route to Perth derails near Broken Hill, N.S.W., destroying a quarter mi. of track. On Apr. 24 a Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) DC-9 en route from Torslanda to Stockholm is hijacked by three Croatian Ustashi terrorists to Malmo; on Apr. 25 the 86 passengers and four crew are released in exchange for 500K Swedish kronor and the release of seven Croatians held in Sweden; they then fly to Madrid and are arrested. On Apr. 24 a man hijacks an Aeroflot Tu-104 en route from Leningrad to Moscow, and his bomb detonates, killing him and a flight attendant and causing decompression, after which the plane makes an emergency landing in Leningrad. On Apr. 24 6'9" 250 lb. IQ-145 serial murderer Edmund Emil "Ed" Kemper III (1948-), whose criminal career began at age 15 with the murder of his paternal grandparents then turned to young female hitchhikers is arrested after killing 10 victims incl. his own mother and her friends and turning himself in, requesting the death penalty but receiving eight life sentences. On Apr. 26 the Chicago Board Options Exchange opens with 282 members sporting hand-held calculators using the new Black-Sholes Option Pricing Formula of Fischer Sheffey Black (1938-95) and Myron Samuel Scholes (1941-) on 16 NYSE stocks; by 1995 1M options a day are traded; Scholes receives the 1997 Nobel Econ. Prize - if they could only see ahead to 2008? On Apr. 27 FBI dir. (since May 2, 1972) L. Patrick Gray resigns over the Watergate scandal. On Apr. 28 a huge explosion of 6K bombs headed for Vietnam occurs at the Southern Pacific Railroad yard at Roseville, Calif. On Apr. 28 six Irishmen incl. Joe Cahill (1920-2004) (a founder of the Provisional IRA, who was arrested for IRA involvement in 1972 and released after a 23-day hunger strike, then became the IRA chief of staff in Nov. 1972) are arrested off County Waterford, Ireland by the Irish Navy aboard the ship Claudia en route from Libya carrying 5 tons of weapons destined for the Provisional IRA; Cahill is sentenced to three years in priz after uttering the soundbyte: "If I am guilty of any crime, it is that I did not succeed in getting the contents of the Claudia into the hands of the freedom fighters of this country"; after release, he goes to the U.S., and is deported in 1984; in 2004 he dies of asbestosis after uttering the soundbyte: "I was born in a united Ireland, and I want to die in a united Ireland". On Apr. 28 the Church of Scientology begins the secret Operation Snow White to find and remove "false" government files about itself and its founder L. Ron Hubbard, becoming known for excesses, infiltrating govt. orgs. in 30+ countries and placing up to 5K covert agents in the U.S. govt., stinking itself up and raising questions about its tax-exempt status as a religion. His dirty Watergate laundry finally starting to catch up with him, Tricky Dicky has to work the laundry machine and blame it all on underlings? On Apr. 30 Pres. Nixon announces the forced resignations of top aides H.R. (Harold Robbins) "Bob" Haldeman (1926-93), John Daniel Ehrlichman (1926-99), along with U.S. atty.-gen. #68 (since 1972) Richard Gordon Kleindienst (1923-2000) (born in Winslow, Ariz.), and the firing of White House counsel John Wesley Dean III (1938-). On Apr. 30 former EPA head (1970-3) William Doyle "Bill" Ruckelshaus (1932-) becomes acting dir. of the FBI; on July 9 he is replaced by Mo.-born Clarence M. Kelly (1911-97) (until Feb. 15, 1978). In Apr. after the worst drought since 1963 hits Soviet and Chinese crops, U.S. agriculture secy. Earl Butz visits the Crimea, and tells Soviet agriculture minister (since 1968) Vladimir V. Matskevich that they should increase irrigation of the Ukraine, despite lacking the budget to do so; after the grain crop falls 30M tons below expectations, and the potato crop by 14.5M tons, causing the Soviet Union to have to purchase $2B worth of food from the West in June-Aug., incl. one-fourth of the U.S. wheat crop, Matskevich is fired next Feb.; meanwhile Honduras suffers an infestation of Black Sigatoka fungus, which spreads throughout Central Am. and reaches Africa by 1979. On May 1 Pres. Nixon ends the 1959 U.S. oil import quota system, and asks Congress to end federal regulation of natural gas prices along with tax credits, while urging states to encourage use of coal despite air pollution concerns, and all Americans to conserve energy. On May 1 1.6M workers in the U.K. go on strike in support of a Nat. Day of Protest and Stoppage by the Trade Union Congress in protest of the govt.'s anti-inflation policy of wage freezes and price increases, disrupting the railway system and the postal system; meanwhile 30K trade unionists in Quebec, Canada demonstrate in support of May Day (Internat. Workers Day), causing Moving Day (when fixed term leases end) to be moved to July 1 next year. On May 5 18-y.-o. Nepalese Sherpa Shambhu Tamang (1955-) becomes the youngest person to climb Mt. Everest; he does it again as an old-timer on Dec. 28, 1985. On May 7 the Washington Post led by Katharine Graham wins a Pulitzer Prize for the investigative reporting team job of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein; actor-producer Robert Redford spends four years turning their story into the 1976 film All the President's Men ("We are all the president's men" - Henry Kissinger), starring himself as Woodward and Dustin Hoffman as Bernstein (doing a double-take when Woodward mentions that he's a Repub.), Jason Robards as Bradlee, and Hal Holbrook as the shadowy Deep Throat (W. Mark Felt). On May 8 N.Y. gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller stinks himself up by signing the discriminatory one-size-fits-all Rockefeller Drug Laws before leaving office, imposing grotesque mandatory sentences of 3-life for possession of more than 2 oz. or sale of more than 0.5 oz. of heroin or cocaine, and 15-life for possession of more than 4 oz. or sale of more than 2 oz., regardless of level of involvement in the drug trade, causing drug dealers to use addicts and children as drug couriers, causing prisons to fill up with them while they go free and get off without having to pay their wages, costing taxpayers billions while making the drug problem worse not better?; on Sept. 1, 1979 a new N.Y. state law takes effect reducing the penalties; the N.Y. prison pop. grows from 12.5K this year to 69.5K in 1998, and the prison budget grows from $450M to $1.7B; despite numerous criticisms, and numerous attempts, the laws aren't repealed until ?; meanwhile Dr. Robert L. Dupont, dir. of the Nat. Inst. on Drug Abuse becomes the 2nd U.S. drug czar (until 1978). On May 11 charges against Daniel Ellsberg for his role in the Pentagon Papers case are dismissed by Judge William M. Byrne, who cites govt. misconduct. On May 14 NASA launches 85-ton Skylab 1, its first manned space station, which orbits at 271 mi. alt.; on May 25 Skylab 2 is launched from Cape Canaveral (renamed from Cape Kennedy this year) carrying the first of three crews for a 28-day stay, incl. Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr. (1930-99), Joseph Peter Kerwin (1932-), and Paul J. Weitz (1932-); they splash down on June 22; it falls back to Earth on July 11, 1979; the first time that Soviet cosmonauts and U.S. astronauts are in orbit at the same time, although they never see each other. On May 14 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 8-1 in Frontiero v. Richardson that the U.S. military cannot discriminate on the basis of gender when giving benefits to the family of service members, and that USAF Lt. Sharron Frontiero can claim her husband Joseph as a dependent even though he isn't dependent on her for more than half his support, because they allow it when the situation is reversed, saying that gender discrimination is "inherently suspect" and that laws classifying on the basis of gender should be presumed unconstitutional and subjected to "strict scrutiny", and allowed only if the court finds it "narrowly tailored" to serve a "compelling" govt. interest. On May 17 an IRA car bomb in Knock-na-Moe Castle Hotel in Omagh, County Tyrone kills five British soldiers. On May 17 the televised U.S. Senate Watergate Hearings in Washington, D.C., chaired by U.S. Sen. (D-N.C.) (1954-74) Sam James Ervin Jr. (1896-1985) begin; non-televised hearings began on Apr. 17; on May 18 Archibald Cox (1912-2004) is appointed special prosecutor for the case - his what is bald? On May 18 the Cod War is back as British Conservative agriculture, fisheries and food minister (1972-4) Joseph Bradshaw Godber (1914-80) announces that the Royal Navy will protect British trawlers fishing in the dispute 50-mi. limit around Iceland; Godber is rewarded by being created baron on July 12, 1979, and dies on Aug. 25, 1980 - and goes to codfish heaven? On May 18 a man hijacks an Aeroflot Tu-104 en route from Irkutsk to Chita, Russia, demanding that it be diverted to Cuba; the bomb detonates and the plane crashes near Lake Baikal, killing all 82 aboard. On May 22 rich Conservative MP and RAF minister Lord Antony Claud Frederick Lambton, Viscount Lambton (1922-2006) resigns from the British govt. after being caught in photos smoking marijuana in bed with 25-y.-o. Irish-born high-class call girl (dominatrix) Norma Levy (Honora Mary Russell) (1948-), by her hubby Colin Levy (MI5/6 or CIA agent?), who tried to sell them to the tabloids; after resigning, he tells TV host Robin Day, "People sometimes like variety, it's as simple as that", saying he did it because he was bored with his job; on May 24 after reporters confuse him with Jellicoe Hall in St. Pancras, London (seen in Levy's notebook), and he tells all, House of Lords leader (Lord Privy Seal) George Patrick John Rushworth Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe (1918-2007) (member of the sales team who tried to sell the Concorde to Qantas Airlines, causing him to be called "Aeroplane Jellico") confesses to his flings with Mayfair Escorts call girls, this time with security concerns a la the 1963 Profumo Scandal, blaming it on the pressure of handling the Asians expelled from Uganda by Idi Amin, after which the Tory admin. reels even more when rumors of a 3rd high-ranking minister involved in a sex scandal circulate; Lambton separates from his wife and six children and moves into a villa in Tuscany with his mistress, gaining the title "king of Chiantishire"; Levy goes on to reveal contents of her diary, detailing customers incl. the Shah of Iran, J. Paul Getty, Andrew Cavendish, 11th duke of Devonshire, Billy Butlin et al., and that Lambton was bi. On May 23 after a rash of assassinations and kidnappings causes Argentine pres. (since 1971) Alejandro Augustin Lanusse to announce that the military is misruling the country and call for elections, left-wing Peronist ("El Tio") Hector Jose Campora (Héctor José Cámpora) Demaestre (1909-80) (a former dentist) is elected pres. #39 of Argentina, taking office on May 25 (until July 13), seeing 600 strikes and protests take place in his first mo. in power, causing him to grant higher wages and better working conditions; on June 20 the Ezeiza Massacre near the Ezeiza Internat. Airport in Buenos Aires, Argentina sees right-winger Juan Peron (now married to 2nd wife, blonde ex-cabaret pamper-enhanced dancer Isabel Peron) return from his 18-year exile in Spain, along with right-wing vice-pres. (May 25-July 13) Vicente Solano Lima (1901-84) (Peron's proxy), meeting with Campora to give speeches before a crowd of 3.5M, after which camouflaged Triple A right-wing snipers fire on left-wing Peronists from Peron's tribune, officially killing 13 and injuring 365 (true figure much higher?), ending the left-right alliance and becoming the birth of the new fascist version of Peron; on July 13 Campora resigns, and Raul (Raúl) Alberto Lastiri (1915-78) (a Freemason) is elected pres. #40 of Argentina (until Oct. 12); on Sept. 23 former pres. #29 (1946-55) Juan Peron (1895-1974) is reelected as pres. #41 of Argentina (until July 1, 1974); Isabel (Maria Estela Martinez Cartas de) Peron (1931-) becomes vice-pres. (first woman vice-pres. in Latin Am. history), succeeding him when he dies 10 mo. later, becoming the first woman chief of state in the Western hemisphere; meanwhile the Argentina Dirty War begins (ends early 1980s), with the state sanctioning the plausibly-deniable systematic kidnapping and murder of left-wing subversives, who become known as the desparecidos (Sp. "disappeared ones"), many of whom are later found buried in shallow graves. On May 24 Brazilian serial murderer Pedro Rodrigues "Killer Petey" (Pedrinho Matador) Filho (1954-) is arrested, confessing to 100+ murders; in 2003 he is convicted of 71 murders incl. 47 in prison (incl. his father to get revenge for killing his mother), and is released on Apr. 24, 2007, then rearrested in Sept. 2011 for various charges incl. riot and false imprisonment. On May 27 the Soviet Union finally agrees to abide by the Universal Copyright Convention, ceasing distribution of pirated Western works. On May 29 Thomas J. Tom" Bradley (1917-98) is elected as the first black mayor of Los Angeles, Calif. (#38), defeating incumbent Sam Yorty and being sworn-in on July 1 (until July 1, 1993). In May Pres. Nixon tells Gen. Alexander Haig that "I'd authorize any means to achieve a goal abroad", incl. "the break-in of embassies and so forth". In May Ariz. bans smoking in public places, causing Minn. to require smoke-free areas in all public places in 1975. On June 1 the crown colony of British Honduras (in the Bay of Honduras) changes its name to Belize (named after 1638 Scottish buccaneer Peter Wallace and/or the Mayan word "belix", meaning muddy water), and demands independence, but doesn't get it until 1981. On June 3 the first production Soviet Tupolev Tu-144 has a spectacular crash at the Paris Air Show, destroying 15 houses and killing all six aboard plus eight on the ground; the next Paris Air Show crash is in 1989. On June 5 Doris A. Davis (1935-) becomes the first African-Am. woman to govern a city in a major U.S. metro area when she is elected mayor of Compton, Los Angeles, Calif. (until 1977); blacks succeed her until ?. On June 9 pro-Franco Spanish PM Adm. Luis Carrero Blanco, 1st Duke of Carrero-Blanco (b. 1903) (an Opus Dei supporter) becomes PM #69 of Spain; too bad, on Dec. 20 he is assassinated by the ETA Basque separatist group as he returns from church in his Dodge 3700 after they place explosives in a tunnel; on Dec. 20 pro-Franco Torcuato Fernandez Miranda y Hevia, 1st Duke of Fernandez-Miranda (1915-80) becomes PM #70 of Spain (until Dec. 31); on Dec. 31 pro-Franco Madrid mayor (since 1965) Carlos Arias Novarro (1908-89), AKA "Old Pusillanimous" becomes PM #71 of Spain (until July 1, 1976), going on to survive into the Juan Carlos I era and lead the pusillanimous pro-Franco hardliners. On June 12 an IRA bomb in Coleraine, County Antrim kills six Protestant civilians after an inadequate warning. On June 18 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in U.S. v. Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures (SCRAP) that a group of law students from George Washington U. have legal standing to sue under Article III of the Constitution to challenge a nationwide railroad freight rate increase approved by the Interstate Commerce Commision, becoming the first full-court consideration of the 1970 U.S. Nat. Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). On June 18-25 U.S. Pres. Richard Nixon and Soviet PM Leonid Brezhnev hold their Second U.S.-Soviet Summit in Washington, D.C., signing an agreement to consult urgently if a nuclear threat develops; on June 24 Brezhnev becomes the first Soviet leader to address the Amerikanskis on TV. On June 19 the U.S. Case-Church Amendment, co-sponsored by Idaho Dem. Sen. Frank Forrester Church III (1924-84), and N.J. Repub. Sen. (1955-79) Clifford Philip Case Jr. (1904-82) prevents further U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia - wasn't Frank Church the guy who wrote Virginia that there is a Santa Claus? On June 21 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Almeida-Sanchez v. U.S. that the U.S. Border Patrol can't stop and search an automobile without probable cause just because it's within 100 nmi. from the border. Miller tastes better and is less filling? On June 21 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 5-4 in Miller v. California that states may ban materials found to be obscene according to local standards, which becomes known as the Miller (3-Prong) Obscenity Test, incl. the requirement that it appeal to the prurient interest according to community standards, that it depicts or describes sexual conduct or excretory functions in a patently offensive way as defined by state law, and that the work taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value (SLAPS Test) to the U.S. as a whole; on June 21, 1973 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton that a state can ban the showing of obscene films in movie theaters; dissenters incl. Justices William O. Douglas, William J. Brennan Jr., Potter Stewart, and Thurgood Marshall. On June 22 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 335 to admit East and West Germany; on July 18 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 336 to admit the Bahamas. On June 22 Watergate "Deep Throat" W. Mark Felt retires from the ever-loving FBI. On June 23 Manchester, England-born spastic IQ-68 arsonist "Daft" Peter George Dinsdale (1960-) (who in 1979 changes his name to Bruce George Peter Lee after the Hong Kong martial arts star) fires his first house, in Kingston upon Hull, killing a 6-y.-o. boy; it is called an accident at first, along with several others, until a Dec. 4, 1979 fire in Hull that kills three brothers, which is traced to him, after which he confesses to 11 arsons and is convicted of 26 counts of manslaughter and receives a life sentence in 1981. On June 25 after defeating Tom O'Higgins by 636K votes to 579K, Protestant (Anglican) Erskine Hamilton Childers (1905-74) becomes pres. #4 of Eire(until Nov. 17, 1974), becoming a popular pres. until he suddenly dies of a heart attack next Nov. 17, after which his Roman Catholic widow (married in 1952) Rita Childers is passed over when a secret deal to make her pres. is given away by a minister with poor hearing who mishears a journalist's question, and on Dec. 19, 1974 former chief justice Cearbhall O Dalaigh (Ó Dálaigh) (1911-78) becomes pres. #5 of Ireland, only to resign on Oct. 22, 1976 after being publicly insulted by the minister of defense, after which she calls for the suspension of the office. On June 25 former White House counsel John Wesley Dean III (1938-) gives dramatic testimony to the Senate Watergate Committee, telling them that Pres. Nixon took part in Watergate and the coverup, and implicates former atty.-gen. John Mitchell and other admin. officials, citing notes taken in meetings with Nixon; too bad, in court it would be his word against Nixon, until the pesky White House tapes are made public; on June 27 he tells about an "enemies list" kept by Nixon, with thousands of names incl. the New York Times, Washington Post, and St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Boston-born Post writer Mary McGrory, Los Angeles Times ed. Ed Guthman, CBS reporter Daniel Shorr, Nixon's own heart specialist Michael Debakey, IBM chmn. Thomas J. Watson Jr., conductor-composer Leonard Bernstein, Broadway star Carol Channing, Hollywood stars Jane Fonda, Steve McQueen, and Paul Newman, football player Joe Namath, Ala. Gov. George Wallace, Kennedy in-law R. Sargent Shriver, Rep. Allard K. Lowenstein (D-N.Y.), Sen. Charles McCurdy Mathias (D-Md.), and Sen. Richard Schulz Schweiker (R-Penn.). On June 26 a Cosmos-3M rocket explodes at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Arkhangelsk Oblast 500 mi. N of Moscow (120 mi. S of Arkhangelsk), killing nine. On June 27 Pres. Nixon vetoes a U.S. Senate ban on bombing of Cambodia. On June 27 pres. (1972-6) Juan Maria Bordaberry ends decades of democracy in Uruguay by dissolving parliament, beginning 12 years of bloody military dictatorship marked by fear and terror, with the highest proportion of citizens jailed for political reasons on Earth; the Congress is shut down, left-wing parties banned, the Colorado and Blanco Parties dissolved, the Nat. U. closed, and censorship imposed. On June 28 elections for the Northern Ireland Assembly are held, leading to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists for the 1st time; on July 18 the Northern Ireland Constitution Act receives royal assent, abolishing the suspended Parliament of Northern Ireland along with the post of gov., providing for a devolved admin. consisting of an executive chosen by the assembly, which incl. 108 members elected by votes from Northern Ireland's 18 Westminster constituencies (5-8 seats for each); too bad, on July 31 the assembly meets for the first time, while militant protesters led by Protestant minister Ian Paisley disrupt its first sitting. On June 29 Pres. Nixon establishes the U.S. Energy Policy Office to formulate and coordinate energy policies. On June 30 a long total solar eclipse becomes one of only seven to exceed 7 min. in the 2nd millennium C.E.; it is seen only in Africa and a small part of NE South Am. In the summer the UCLA Center for the Study and Reduction of Violence is founded by psychiatrist Louis Jolyon "Jolly" West (1924-99) (known for conducting court-ordered examinations of Jack Ruby and Patty Hearst, and calling Scientiology a cult) of the Neuropsychiatric Inst., causing protests, compounded by the release of Stanley Kubrick's violent "A Clockwork Orange", with fliers claiming that it will develop ways of suppressing ghetto riots and is racist. On July 1 the British Library is split off from the British Museum, becoming the largest library on Earth by number of cataloged items. On July 2 Yugoslavia proclaims a new draft Yugoslavian 1974 Constitution, replacing the five chambers of parliament with a federal chamber and a chamber of repubs. and provinces, and introducing a "delegational" system of rep. while expanding the powers of workers' councils; the six local repubs. are granted the right to veto federal decisions - want to know the secret to making rice Italian? On July 2 the U.S. Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) is passed, mandating federal special education for handicapped children. On July 4 6-1/4 ton Ziggy the Elephant is unchained at the Brookfield, Ill. Zoo after being chained indoors for 30 years. On July 4 the first annual Telluride Bluegrass Festival in Colo. is held, featuring Fall Creek. On July 5 Hutu Rwandan pres. (since July 1, 1962) Gregoire Kayibanda is deposed in a bloodless military coup led by Hutu defense minister Maj. Gen. Juvenal Habyarimana (1937-94), who becomes a military dictator (until Apr. 6, 1994), immediately killing 50 officials close to the previous regime by poison or hammer blows after throwing them in prison, then paying their families for silence; Kayibanda and his wife are starved to death in 1976 in a secret location. On July 5 the Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) in Kingman, Ariz. sees a fire break out as propane is being transferred from a railroad car to a storage tank, killing 11 firefighters, and becoming a topic in future firefighting classes. On July 5 the Isle of Man begins issuing its own postage stamps. Nixon is deep-sixed by Butterfield 8? On July 10 the Bahamas become independent after 256 years as a British crown colony, with London-educated black PM (since 1969) Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling (1930-2000) of the Progressive Liberal Party continuing as PM (until 1992), fighting allegations of involvement with Colombian drug lords; when he finally loses a gen. election in 1992 he utters the soundbyte "The voice of the people is the voice of God" - always bet on black? On July 10 Am.-born John Paul Getty III (1956-), grandson of billionaire Jean Paul Getty Sr. (1892-1976) is kidnapped in Rome by the Italian Marxist-Leninist Red Brigades (formed in 1970), and chained to a stake in a cave in the Calabrian Mts.; after his son John Paul Getty II (1932-2003) asks his daddy for $17M ransom, he refuses, with the soundbyte: "I have 14 other grandchildren, and if I pay one penny now, then I will have 14 kidnapped grandchildren" (he really thinks his son is trying to steal his money?), after which in Nov. after being delayed three weeks by a postal strike an envelope containing his ear and a lock of hair is delivered to a newspaper, demanding $3.2M within 10 days under threat of further mutilation, starting with the other ear, after which generous JPG Sr. pays it, but er, Jews the kidnappers down to $2M first then makes his son pay it back at 4% interest, after which JPGIII is found alive in S Italy; the kidnappers are never caught, JPG Sr. only leaves JPG II $500K in his will in 1976, and JPG II becomes a heroin addict, going blind, speechless, and paralyzed, and checking into a London clinic in 1984, where PM Margaret Thatcher visits him, after which he gives up drugs, and inherits more money, becoming a billionaire, giving Ł140M to cultural causes, incl. Ł50M to the Nat. Gallery, earning him a knightood in 1987 and British citizenship in 1997. On July 11 (3:15 p.m.) Varig Airlines Flight 820 (Boeing 707) en route from Rio de Janeiro to Orly Airport in Paris crashes in an onion field near Saulx-les-Chartreux after a rear lavatory fire causes the cabin to fill with smoke, killing 123 of 134 passengers; 10 crew and one passenger survive - no smoking in the lavatory? On July 12 (12:00 a.m.) a fire destroys the 6th floor of the Nat. Personnel Records Center (established in 1956) in Overland (near St. Louis), Mo., along with 16M-18M of 52M official military personnel files; the bldg. had no firewalls, smoke detectors, or sprinklers because archivists feared water damage. Nixon's Bloody Saturday is ultimately ruined by Buttery Monday? On July 16 (Mon.) after prompting by Fred Dalton Thompson, former White House aide (deputy asst. to Nixon) Alexander Porter Butterfield (1926-) tells the Senate Watergate Hearings that virtually all pres. meetings had been recorded on tape, but the White House claims executive privilege; he never volunteered the info., but gave it up after a direct question by N.J.-born chief counsel (son of Russian Jewish immigrant parents) Samuel Dash (1925-2004), with the soundbyte "I was hoping you fellows wouldn't ask me that"; on Aug. 29 after a legal fight incl. Nixon going on TV with a pile of looseleaf notebooks he claims contain transcripts, Judge John Sirica orders the original audio tapes turned over, and the U.S. Court of Appeals backs him up on Oct. 12, fomenting an epic constitutional power struggle - as Nixon tries to coverup the tire tracks in his own boxers? On July 16, 1973 after gov. (since Jan. 8, 1963) John A. Love resigns to become Pres. Nixon's Energy Czar, Rocky Ford, Colo.-born Repub. John David Vanderhoof (1922-2013) becomes Colo. gov. #37 (until Jan. 14, 1975). On July 17 after drought and famine, plus rebellions by Pashto tribes along the Pakistan border, the govt. of king (since 1933) Mohammed Zahir Shah (1914-2007) of Afghanistan is bloodlessly overthrown by the king's brother-in-law and first cousin (former PM) Mohammed Daoud Khan (1910-78) with 1K Soviet-trained troops while the king is vacationing the island of Ischia near Naples, and abdicates on Aug. 24 in the Afghan embassy in Rome, becoming Afghanistan's last shah (until ?); Khan proclaims a repub. backed by leftists, then suspends the constitution of 1964, abolishes all royal titles incl. his own, and declares himself pres. and PM, going on to crush the emerging Islamic movement; the shah returns from exile in 2002, and is given the title "Father of the Nation". On July 18 a bus carrying Belgian tourists plunges into a ravine in Vizille, France, killing 43. On July 18 the plug is pulled on the infamous White House taping system (begun Feb. 15, 1971). On July 20 France resumes nuke tests in Mururoa Atoll despite protests by Australia and New Zealand. On July 21 the Soviet Union launches the Mars 4 unmanned spacecraft; it reaches Mars next Feb. and briefly transmits photos of the planet back to Earth; the Mars 5 (July 25), Mars 6 (Aug. 5), and Mars 7 (Aug. 9) spacecraft are launched in a frantic attempt to keep up with the capitalist imperalist Amerikanskies and their Mariners. On July 21 Maria Margarita Roxas "Margie" Moran (1953-) wins the 22nd Miss Universe Pageant in soon-to-be-Polytechnic-bloodbath city Athens, Greece, becoming the 2nd won by a contestant from the Philippines after Gloria Diaz in 1969. On July 23 the high-rise Avianca Bldg. (opened in 1969) in Bogota, Colombia suffers a major fire, causing several people to jump to their deaths on TV. On July 24 U.S. federal judge John Sirica rules that Pres. Nixon must provide the tapes and documents subpoenaed by special Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox; Nixon refuses and appeals - suck my cox? On July 27-29 the 1973 Okla. State Penitentiary Riot ends with three inmates killed, 21 inmates and guards injured, 12 blgs. burned, and $30M damage, causing U.S. district judge Luther Bohannon to put the Okla. Dept. of Corrections under federal control. On July 28 Skylab 3 is launched from Cape Canaveral on a 59-day mission carrying yet another crew of three lily white Yankee cowboy astronauts, Alan LaVern Bean (1932-), Owen Kay Garriott (1930-) (Stanford U.-educated physicist), and Jack Robert Lousma (1936-) (U.S. Navy); it returns on Sept. 25. On July 28 the Summer Jam at Watkins Glen in Watkins Glen, N.Y. attracts 600K fans (largest rock concert until ?), and features the Grateful Dead, The Band, and the Allman Brothers. On July 31 Delta Air Lines Flight 173 (DC-9) lands short of the runway at Logan Airport in Boston, Mass. in poor visibility, crashing into a sea wall and killing all 83 passengers and six crew, with one of the passengers hanging on for several mo. In July former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman tells the Ervin Senate Committee that the burglary of the office of Dr. Lewis J. Fielding, psychiatrist of anti-war activist Daniel Ellsberg was within the constitutional powers of the president. In July the Org. for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) is founded by Europe, the Soviet Union, and North Am. as an East-West forum, growing to 56 participating states concerned with arms control, human rights, fair elections, human rights, and freedom of the press. In July David Rockefeller and Zbigniew Brzezinski found the Trilateral Commission, with members from the U.S., Western Europe, and Japan to foster a "truly common management" of internat. relations with the U.S. in the lead; Pres. Jimmy Carter is a member, and fills his top admin. posts with more than two dozen members, incl. Brzezinski, Cyrus Vance, and Samuel Huntington. On Aug. 2 the U.S. FDA pub. new regs classifying vitamins as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs when packaged in high enough doses, usually 150% of RDA, causing a backlash by manufacturers, who lobby Congress and get them rescinded. On Aug. 2 (7:40 p.m.) a flash fire at the Summerland Leisure Complex in Douglas, Isle of Man kills 50, becoming the worst British peacetime disaster involving fire since 1929. On Aug. 3 Iran nationalizes the multinat. Iranian Consortium of Oil Cos., incl. the Abadan Refinery, guaranteeing each co. a 20-year supply of oil. On Aug. 5 after they try to board a flight to Tel Aviv and are about to be searched, Black Sept. members Senhud Muhammad and Talat Hussan throw grenades and open fire in the transit hall of Athens Airport, killing three and injuring 55, incl. two Americans, and holding 35 hostages for two hours before surrendering to police. On Aug. 7 a U.S. plane accidentally bombs a Cambodian village, killing 400 civilians. On Aug. 8 U.S. vice-pres. Spiro T. Agnew brands as "damned lies" reports that he took kickbacks from govt. contracts in Md., and vows not to resign - dag nab it, too much cayenne pepper? On Aug. 8 South Korean opposition leader Kim Dae-jung (1925-) is kidnapped from his hotel in Tokyo by agents of Park Chung-hee's KCIA, who plan on drowning him by throwing him from a boat at sea until a U.S. military heli foils it; after internat. criticism and pressure from Tokyo and the U.S. he is returned to his home in Seoul on Aug. 13. On Aug. 8 the Houston Mass Murders in Tex. of 27+ boys ages 9-27 is discovered after electrician and former candymaker (known as the Candy Man and the Pied Piper) Dean Arnold Corll (b. 1939) is killed by his 17-y.-o. accomplice Elmer Wayne Henley Jr. (1956-), who calls police and tells how he and 15-y.-o. David Brooks had helped lure them for $200 "per head", after which they were raped and tortured first, becoming the worst U.S. serial murder case so far. On Aug. 14 after the 1973 Pakistani Constitution makes the office of pres. ceremonial, pres. (since Dec. 20, 1971) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto becomes PM #10 of Pakistan (until July 5, 1977), going on to maintain martial law and begin Islamizing the country. On Aug. 15 U.S. warplanes cease bombing missions in Cambodia and all of Indochina, originally begun in 1961; the U.S. pullout is complete, leaving the South Vietnamese to defend themselves. Communism might be taking over povery-stricken regions in Africa, but closer to home, the U.S. makes sure it loses? On Aug. 23 right-wing Gen. Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1915-2006) is named CIC of the Chilean army by Pres. Salvador Allende; on Sept. 11 (9/11/73) the 1973 Chilean Coup begins after 1M+ workers go on strike demanding Allende's ouster, and he commits suicide during an army assault on the La Moneda pres. palace in a bloody coup in Santiago, aided by the CIA (which has spent $7M to oust him), and his Marxist govt. replaced by a 4-man right-wing military junta led by Pinochet and his "Chicago boys"; Chile's 46 years of constitutional dem.-elected govt. (longest in Latin Am. history) ends in a pool of blood, stinking the U.S. up, and Chile is now run by a right-wing dictatorship bent on exterminating Marxism, suspending parliament, breaking off relations with Cuba, and banning all political activity, letting the DINA (secret police) loose, who jail 40K political oppponents by the end of the year, executing 3K of them, incl. Communist singer Victor Lidio Jara Montez (b. 1932), who is taken to Chile Stadium on Sept. 12 and tortured and killed along with thousands of others, his hands allegedly being broken or cut off before he is taunted to play his guitar; the bloody fun doesn't end until 1989; Nicolae Ceausescu's Romania is the only Warsaw Pact country that doesn't sever diplomatic relations with Chile after Pinochet's coup. On Aug. 23-28 the Norrmalmstorg Robbery sees four employees of Kreditbanken in Norrmalmstorg, Stockholm, Sweden taken hostage by parolee Jan Erik "Janne" Olsson, who demands that his friend Clark Olofsson (1947-) be brought in with 3M kronor ($730K) plus weapons, bulletproof vests, and a fast car, becoming the first live televised event in Sweden; after police use gas to capture them, the hostages claim to be more afraid of the police than the robbers, and become grateful, later termed the Stockholm Syndrome by Swedish criminologist Nils Bejerot (1921-88), who advised the police during the affair, and was best known for advocating a zero-tolerance policy for drugs; Olsson gets 10 years, and Olofsson gets his conviction reversed on appeal after claiming he was only trying to save the hostages; no, none of the hostages marry the robbers. On Aug. 28 Princess Anne becomes the first member of the British royal family to visit the Soviet Union as she arrives in Kiev for an equestrian event. On Aug. 28 (3:51 a.m.) the 7.0 Veracruz Earthquake in Mexico kills 520, and badly damages the historic cities of Cordoba and Puebla. On Sept. 4 Saudi Arabian king Faisal announces that his country won't increase oil production as long as U.S. policy favors Israel over Arab countries. On Sept. 8 Star Trek: The Animated Series debuts on NBC-TV for 22 episodes (until Oct. 12, 1974), featuring the voices of the original cast of Star Trek: TOS, giving Trekkies a new fix. On Sept. 8 Hanna-Barbera Productions' Goober and the Ghost Chasers debuts on ABC-TV for 16 episodes (until Aug. 30, 1975), about a group of spook-chasing teenies and their Afghan Hound (?) Goober, who use their Apparition Kit to determine the genuineness of ghosts; Goober has the power to become invisible when scared by ghosts and his closest human companion is reckless rather than cowardly; the Partridge Kids star in the first 11 episodes, voiced by the regular cast members. On Sept. 9 the animated series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids debuts on CBS-TV for 110 episodes (until Aug. 10, 1985), set in North Philly, starring the voice of Bill Cosby as Fat Albert, James "Mushmouth" Mush, and himself. On Sept. 9-10 the Socialist Election Alliance wins a 1-seat majority in the Norwegian Storting; on Oct. 16 former PM (1971-2) Trygve M. Bratteli becomes PM again (until 1976), forming a majority Labor govt. which sets up a nat. oil co., cancels gasoline rationing, imposes price freezes, and restricts foreign oil cos. On Sept. 10 two IRA bombs at King's Cross and Euston Stations in C London injure 13. On Sept. 13 Syria and Israel planes engage in a dogfight over the Mediterranean Sea. On Sept. 15 Swedish king (since Oct. 29, 1950) Gustaf VI Adolf (b. 1882) dies at age 90, and is succeeded by his grandson Carl XVI Gustaf (Gustav) (1946-) (until ?); after constitutional reforms in 1971, he reigns as king of Sweden instead of king of the Swedes, Goths, and Wends, and has no real power. On Sept. 15 PLO terrorist Abu Nidal (1937-2002) (Arabic "Father of the Struggle"), along with five other gunmen all using the alias Al-Iqab (Arab. "The Punishment") seize the Saudi embassy in Paris, taking 11 hostages for three days while demanding the release of Munich Massacre mastermind Abu Daoud from jail in Jordan where he is held for trying to assassinate King Hussein I; after Kuwait pays Jordan $12M, he is released, and the gunmen surrender. On Sept. 18 the U.N. accepts East Germany (GDR) and West Germany (FRG) as member nations, and they recognize each other's sovereignty. On Sept. 21 Henry (Heinz) Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger (1923-) is confirmed as U.S. secy. of state #56 by the U.S. Senate, and takes office on Sept. 22 (until Jan. 20, 1977), becoming the first Jew and Kraut, er, naturalized citizen to hold the office, winning the Nobel Peace Prize on Oct. 16 along with Le Duc Tho, who refuses to accept it because there's no actual peace in Vietnam yet - ah look, we're on the guest list, it's the menu? On Sept. 26 the Concorde flies from Washington D.C. to Paris in 3 hr. 33 min. On Sept. 26 the U.S. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program, an amendment to the U.S. School Lunch Act is signed by Pres. Nixon to improve nutrition for the most vulnerable pop. group. On Sept. 27 after getting over the 1971 Soyuz 11 tragedy, the Soyuz 12 spacecraft is launched by the Soviets, carrying cosmonauts Vasily Grigoyevich Lazarev (1928-90) and Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (1933-2003); it returns on Sept. 28; on Dec. 13 Soyuz 13 is launched, carrying cosmonauts Pyotr Ilyich Klimuk (1942-) and Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev (1942-); it returns on Dec. 21. On Sept. 27 the syndicated TV show Don Kirshner's Rock Concert debuts (until 1981), hosted by "The Man With the Golden Ear" Donald "Don" Kirshner (1934-2011) (classmate of Bobby Darin, who helped him launch his career with his songwriting talents, then managed The Monkees and The Archies), featuring a performance by The Rolling Stones; the show shuns lip-synching and lets them perform live. On Sept. 28 ITT Corp. HQ in New York City (founded in 1920 as Internat. Telephone & Telegraph, turning into a conglomerate into water control and defense, which owns 70% of the Chilean telephone co. Chitelco, and funds the Chilean right-wing newspaper El Mercurio, and financed opponents of Salvador Allende along with the Repub. Nat. Convention) is bombed by leftist terrorists protesting the restoration of the Chilean Constitution; the song International Thief Thief by Fela Anikulapo Kuti (1938-97) laments its meddling in Nigerian politics; in 1989 it sells its telcom biz to Alcatel (later Alcatel-Lucent), and changes its name to Cortelco Kellogg (later Cortelco, short for Corinth Telecommunications Corp., based in Corinth, Miss.). In Sept. Enrico Berlinguer (1922-84), secy.-gen. of the Italian Communist Party proposes the Historic Compromise with the Christian Dem. Party, giving them regional and big city control in exchange for handing most ministerial positions to the Christian Dems.; too bad, the rank and file get pissed, causing them to return to their militant stand by the end of the decade. In Sept. the Tokyo Round of GATT begins (ends 1979), with 102 countries meeting to reduce trade barriers and tariffs, ending up making $300B of concessions; followed by the Uruguay Round (1986-93). On Oct. 1 Pres. Nixon's secy. Rose Mary Woods (1917-2005) allegedly makes a "terrible mistake" by pressing the wrong button on her tape recorder while transcribing White House tapes to give to the world, causing an 18.5-min. gap in the June 20, 1972 Smoking Gun Tape while conversing with H.R. Haldeman (tape #342) three days after the June 17, 1972 Watergate break-in. On Oct. 5 the European Patent Convention (Convention on the Grant of European Patents) is signed, establishing the European Patent Org. in 1977 for the filing of European patents, although they are only enforceable at the nat. level, and there is no European-wide patent protection until ?. On Oct. 6 Casey Kasem's American Country Countdown debuts, hosted by Don Bowman (until 1978), featuring the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart; in 1978 Bob Kingsley becomes the host (until 2005), followed in 2006 by Kix Brooks (until ?). Drop your matzohs, it's time to fight again? The U.S. backing of Israel causes a 2nd mini-Armageddon after the first one in 1967 didn't phase it, and this time it feels it? The definition of intelligence failure? On Oct. 6 (Sat.) (Yom Kippur) (2:00 p.m.) after Saudia Arabia and the other OPEC nations double the price of oil to $3.07 a barrel and cut back production, and Libya nationalizes foreign-owned oil assets, and Egyptian troops stage a fake drill on May 27 to lull the Israelis into complacency, and on Sept. 13 Israel shoots down 13 Syrian fighter jets after being attacked first, causing Egypt and Syria to have an excuse to put their armies on alert on Oct. 1, which the Israelis underestimate, Egypt and Syria start the Yom Kippur (Ramadan) (October) (Fourth Arab-Israeli) War (ends Oct. 25) with Israel to regain the Sinai and the Golan Heights "like the wolf on the fold" (Lord Byron) a 1.2K-tank 50K-man Syrian army, supported by counter-battery artillery fire and a Soviet-made SAM-6 network attacks Israel's Purple Line (180 tanks) on the Golan Heights, outnumbering the two Israeli brigades, the 7th on the N and the Barak (Thunderbolt) on the S by 9-1; under the leadership of Lt. Col. (later brig. gen.) Avigdor Kahalani (1944-) the Barak Brigade is broken in the "Valley of Tears" and the Syrians race towards the Sea of Galilee, but are turned back on Oct. 7; meanwhile on Oct. 6-8 Egyptian tanks cross the Bar-Lev Line and establish a bridgehead on the E bank of the Suez Canal, but are stopped and turned back by Oct. 11 despite the arrival of Iraqi reinforcements after anti-tank and other weapons are rushed in by the U.S.; on Oct. 12 the Israelis push to within 18 mi. of Damascus; on Oct. 13 Jordanian troops arrive to defend Damascus; on Oct. 14 Israeli tanks rout the Egyptian army, destroying 250 Egyptian tanks while losing only 25 of their own; on Oct. 15 Israeli tanks under Gen. Ariel Sharon (who resigned from the army in July to form the right-wing Likud Party, and is recalled) cross to the W bank of the canal and fight the Battle of the Chinese Farm (ends Oct. 17), and poise to encircle the Egyptian Third Army, while on Oct. 15 Moscow announces that it will assist the Egyptians "in every way" to regain the territory lost in 1967; on Oct. 16 after Pres. Nixon forgets his anti-Semitism and asks Congress to authorize emergency aid for Israel, and Saudi oil minister (1962-86) Ahmed Zaki Yamani (1930-) spurs it to quadruple the price of crude, OPEC announces the Second Arab Oil Embargo (ends Mar. 18, 1974) (first in 1967) to the U.S. and other countries supporting Israel, raising the price of oil another 70% to $5.11 a barrel, which Arab ministers agree to on Oct. 17, agreeing to cut production in 5% increments until their objectives are met; over the opposition of defense secy. James Schlesinger and state secy. Henry Kissinger, who tries to delay it for fear of offending the Russians, with the soundbyte: "We are going to get blamed just as much for three planes as for three hundred... Use every [plane] we have, everything that will fly", Nixon bulldogs Operation Nickel Grass into high gear, flying 567 airlift missions that deliver 22K tons of supplies, plus another 90K tons by sea; upon hearing of the airlift, Israeli PM Golda Meir cries; meanwhile on Oct. 17 four Arab foreign ministers meet with Pres. Nixon in Washington, D.C. to urge mediation; on Oct. 17 Soviet PM Alexei Kosygin meets with Anwar Sadat in Cairo, and on Oct. 19 Nixon publicly proposes a $2.2B military aid package for Israel, causing Libya, Saudi Arabia, and the other Arab states to join the embargo by Oct. 20, and after Netherlands is added to the embargoed nations, oil prices rise to $12 a barrel, triggering recessions and inflation that last until the early 1980s, with oil prices continuing to rise until 1986; on Oct. 20 Henry Kissinger meets in Moscow with Leonid Brezhnev, uttering the soundbyte "The Arabs can get guns from the Russians, but they can get their territory back only from us"; on Oct. 22 the joint U.S.-Soviet Resolution 338 calling for a ceasefire receives a 14-0-0 (China) vote in the U.N. Security Council, but fighting resumes 12 hours later, and on Oct. 23 they vote 14-0-1 (China) for Resolution 339, calling for a new ceasefire to be agreed by Israel and Egypt on Oct. 24; on Oct. 25 the U.S. Nat. Security Council votes 14-0-1 (China) for Resolution 340 demanding a ceasefire and a return to positions occupied on Oct. 22 at 16:50 GMT, setting up a U.N. Emergency Force II (UNEF II) (ends July 1979), with permanent council members excluded, causing the U.S. to put its forces on precautionary alert while Nixon is moping about the Watergate affair, but after the U.S. detects plutonium on Soviet ships in the Mediterranean and fears Soviet intervention, Nixon calls Brezhnev on the Hot Line and negotiates a mutual pullback, causing the ceasefire to hold after 18 days of fighting, ending the war on Oct. 25 with 7.5K Egyptians, 7.3K Syrians, and 4.1K Israelis KIA; on Oct. 7 at 3:55 a.m. Operation Joshua (arming an A-4 Skyhawk jet with nuclear-tipped missiles?) is ordered at an Israeli AF base in Beersheba, but countermanded?; after Syrian missile batteries in Lebanon take a heavy toll on their fighter jets, Israel develops the first modern unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); on Nov. 21 the Israeli Agranat Commission convenes to investigate why the military wasn't prepared for the invasion, and ends up blaming chief of staff (1972-4) Gen. David "Dado" Elazar (1925-76), even though military intel chief Eli Zeira and defense minister Moshe Dayan blocked his requests for a callup of reserves on Oct. 5 plus a preemptive air strike at 11:00 a.m. on Oct. 6, causing him to soon die of a heart attack (broken heart?) - what did Churchill say you get when you put the bravest military heroes at a table together, the sum of their fears? On Oct. 8 LBC (London Broadcasting Co.) Radio (later called London's Biggest Conversation) in London begins broadcasting on 97.3 FM, becoming Britain's first legal commercial independent local radio station; on Oct. 16 competitor Capital Radio begins broadcasting on 95.8 FM. On Oct. 10 U.S. vice-pres. #39 (since 1969) Spiro T. Agnew resigns after pleading nolo contendere to one count of federal income tax evasion for failing to report $29.5K in income received in 1967 while gov. of Md. and paying a $10K fine, becoming the 2nd U.S. vice-pres. to resign; he blames it on Nixon, who needs to divert attention from the Watergate scandal; on Oct. 12 Pres. Nixon nominates Goody Two-Shoes Dudley Doright House minority (Repub.) leader Gerald R. Ford of the Mich. 1st District (member of the Warren Commission - a payback for helping the coverup that Nixon's Cuban exile assassin team was used to knock-off pinko JFK?) to succeed him; Agnew's portrait is taken down from the Md. Statehouse in 1979, then rehung in 1995. On Oct. 13-21 the Oakland Athletics (AL) defeat the New York Mets (NL) 4-3 to win the 1973 (Seventieth) (70th) World Series for their 2nd win in a row; on Jan. 11 the owners of AL baseball teams vote to adopt Rule 601, allowing teams to field a designated hitter (10th player who bats in place of the pitcher) on a trial basis to improve attendance, but the NL refuses to adopt it, causing the rule to be used in Oakland but not New York during the World Series; on Apr. 6 Ronald Mark "Ron" "Boomer" Blomberg (1948-), "the Great Jewish Hope" of the New York Yankees becomes the first designated hitter in ML baseball at Fenway Park, getting walked by Cuban-born Red Sox pitcher (1971-8) Luis Clemente Tiant Vega (1940-) in his first at-bat. On Oct. 13 a bus plunges off a bridge outside Hazaribash, Bihar, India, killing 74. On Oct. 14 the student-led October 14 Uprising in Thailand against the regime of dictator PM Thanom Kittikachorn begins in Bangkok; on Oct. 15 tanks attack demonstrators, killing 300; after King Bhumibol Adulyadej intervenes (1st time since 1932), the students win and kick Kittikachorn's butt out of Thailand, along with the rest of the Three Tyrants on Oct. 14, setting up a rector of Thammasat U. as interim PM to supervise the drafting of a new 1974 Thailand Constitution; Big K goes into exile in Singapore and the U.S. until 1976. On Oct. 17 did-I-mention OPEC begins the 5-mo. Second Arab Oil Embargo (ends Mar. 18, 1974), cutting oil supplies to the U.S. and other supporters of Israel, causing oil prices to quadruple from $3.00 to $11.65 by 1974, then peaking at $40 in the mid-1970s, triggering the 1973 Energy Crisis, an acute gasoline shortage in the U.S. and Europe (pissing-off Am. cowboys with long lines at the pump), a sharp recession in 1975, and double-digit U.S. inflation as oil prices triple again by 1980; energy consumption in the U.S. grows only 2.3% by 1980, compared to 51.5% in the 1960s and 11.7% between 1970 and 1973; for the first time Euro countries begin to come around to the Arab side of the Arab-Israeli dispute? On Oct. 18 the U.S. Congress authorizes a bicentennial quarter, half-dollar, and dollar coin. On Oct. 18 English Labour-turned-Liberal MP Christopher Paget Mayhew (1915-97) offers Ł5K to anyone who can prove that Abdel Gamal Nasser of Egypt or any Arab leader had ever made a genocidal statement such as "drive the Jews into the sea"; law student Warren Bergson takes him up on it, but fails to back himself up in court in Feb. 1976; in 1981 Mayhew is created a baron and moves to the House of Lords. On Oct. 18 New York City taxicab magnate stages the first-ever art auction at Sotheby's, starting a feeding frenzy that causes prices to skyrocket as the idle rich find a new investment vehicle. Oct. 1973 is Massacre Month at the U.S. Zoo? On Oct. 19 the Zebra Murders in San Francisco, Calif. (named for the use of the police broadast band Z, not for the fact that it's black on white?) see black Nation of Islam Death Angels armed with .32 Baretta handguns run around shooting whites ("blue-eyed devils") at random in the streets for 179 days (until Apr. 16, 1974), also torturing them with machetes and raping them, killing 15 and wounding 8-10 (up to 73 victims?) while terrorizing all whites in the area; they were taught that a scientist named Yakub created the "grafted" white race 1K years ago, and that it was weak and evil, and that they would earn points towards Paradise by killing all they could; on May 1 after Anthony Harris tips them off for the $30K reward, the HQ is traced to the Black Self-Help Moving and Storage on Market St., where a lucky plucker gets a pair of black wings attached to hs photo hung in an upstairs room for killing 9 white men, 5 white women, or 4 white children, after which seven are arrested, and four released for lack of evidence; on May 16, 1974 the rest are indicted, and on Mar. 3, 1975 the longest criminal trial in Calif. history begins, resulting in the conviction of Larry Green, J.C.X. Simon, Manuel Moore, and Jessie Lee Cooks, who are all sentenced to life in prison; before that San Francisco mayor Joseph Alioto and police chief Donald Scott authorized racial profiling, rounding up 600 black suspects, looking for a black man with a short Afro and narrow chin, after which they issued them Zebra Check cards to show to police if stopped again, until Denver, Colo.-born Dem. U.S. district judge Alfonso J. Sirpoli (1919-2009) rules the tactic unconstitutional; his earlier decisions favoring conscientious objectors in the Vietnam War caused Pres. Nixon to call him "the worst judge on the federal bench". Nixon reaches a moment when he coulda been king if only the army'd gone along or had more gasoline, and/or he weren't a *!?!* Quaker? On Oct. 19-20 (night) the Saturday Night Massacre starts when Pres. Nixon loses his appeal, and rejects the U.S. Appeals Court order to turn over his secret White House tapes, offering a compromise of release of written summaries; when this is turned down by Archibald Cox, Nixon orders atty.-gen. Elliot L. Richardson and deputy atty.-gen. William Ruckelshaus to handle his, er, fire Cox, but both refuse and resign, and on Oct. 20 solicitor gen. (since Mar. 21) Pittsburgh, Penn.-born Robert Heron Bork (1927-2012) is appointed as acting atty.-gen. (until Dec. 17), complying with Nixon's order on Oct. 20 (night), AKA Bloody Saturday; on Oct. 23 after dreams of a military coup dance in his head, Nixon caves in and agrees to turn over the tapes to Judge Sirica, and does so on Oct. 26 after sweating tears of blood; on Nov. 1 (after sodomizing himself for a few days in private?) Nixon appoints Tex.-born Leonidas "Leon" Jaworski (1905-82) (a religious Roman Catholic Dem. and friend of LBJ, who refused to serve as a prosecutor in the Nuremberg Trials because the laws didn't exist at the time of the acts, then voted for Nixon twice, and only expected to uncover misconduct by his aides) as Watergate special prosecutor (until Oct. 25, 1974). On Oct. 22 U.N. Security Council Resolution 338 calls for a ceasefire, and launches the Arab-Israeli peace process later used as the basis for the 1979 Camp David Agreements and the 1991 Madrid Peace Conferences; on Oct. 24 demoralized Egypt and Syria sign a ceasefire agreement and stop fighting; on Oct. 27 the U.S. and Soviet Union agree to resupply Egyptian forces in the Sinai to save them from surrender; the war ends with 15K Egyptians, 3.5K Syrians, and 2.7K Israelis killed, all for a stalemate? On Oct. 24 heavy fog causes a 65-car collision, killing nine on the New Jersey Turnpike. On Oct. 24 after an immigration judge gives him 60 days to leave the U.S. in Mar. because of his 1968 British marijuana conviction, John Lennon (1940-80) sues the U.S. govt. to make it admit that the FBI has been tapping his phone. On Oct. 26 the Yom Kippur War (begun Oct. 6) ends. On Oct. 26 the U.N. recognizes the independence of 14K-sq.-mi. Guinea-Bissau in W Africa (pop. 1.5M), with Francisco Mendes (1939-78) (AKA Chico Te) as PM #1 (until July 7, 1978). On Oct. 27 (5:45 p.m.-11:30 p.m.) the 1.4kg Canon City Meteorite falls through a garage roof in Fremont County, Colo. On Oct. 31 (Halloween) (3:40 p.m.) the Mountjoy Prison Helicopter Escape near Dublin sees three Provisional IRA members, J.B. O'Hagan, Kevin Mallon, and Seamus "Thumper" Twomey (IRA chief of staff) escape using a helicopter hijacked by another member in Dublin, which lands in the exercise yard to pick them up, becoming the first heli prison escape, spawning many copycat escapes; they thought it was a govt. minister arriving? In Oct. John Dean pleads guilty to one count of conspiring to obstruct justice in the Watergate scandal and serves 3 mo. in jail. In Oct. four conservative parties unite in Israel to form the Likud (Unity) Party, with Menachem Begin as its first leader. In Oct. internat. aid agencies reveal that Ethiopia's long drought (1971-3) in Wollo Province in NE Ethiopia has led to famine, causing the BBC to air a documentary narrated by British journalist Jonathan Dimbleby (1944-), who claims that 100K-200K have already died, and that twice as many will perish in the coming months, undermining the popularity of Emperor Haile Selassie I despite the Ethiopian govt. trying to keep it a secret as the famine drives thousands to overcrowded, inflation-ridden cities; the true figure is 40K-80K killed, followed by 1M+ in 1983-5? In Oct. a group of military officers tours several cities by heli in N Chile in a "caravan of death", getting 72 dissidents dragged from jail and executed. In Oct. Boston, Mass. obstetrician Kenneth C. Edelin (1939-) aborts a male fetus, for which he is convicted of manslaughter in 1975; the conviction is overturned by the Mass. Supreme Court in 1976, making him a star. On Nov. 3 Pan Am Clipper Cargo Flight 160 (Boeing 707) crashes at Logan Airport in Boston, Mass., killing three. On Nov. 3-9 500 Indians protesting injustices take over the Bureau of Indian Affairs Bldg., causing Indian affairs commissioner (since 1969) Louis R. Bruce Jr. to be fired. On Nov. 6 London, England-born Abraham David "Abe" Beame (Birnbaum) (1906-2001) is elected as New York City's first Jewish mayor (#104), taking office next Jan. 1 (until Dec. 31, 1977), spending his term fighting looming bankruptcy, cutting the city workforce, freezing salaries, and reconfiguring the budget, going from a $1.5B deficit to a $200M surplus; meanwhile Coleman Alexander Young (1918-97) becomes the first African-Am. mayor of Detroit, Mich. (until 1993). On Nov. 6 the up-and-coming Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) (motto: "Death to the Fascist insect that preys upon the life of the people") assassinates black Oakland, Calif. school superintendent (since 1970) (first black) Marcus Aurelius Foster (b. 1923) and wounds his asst. after they announced a proposed student ID program. On Nov. 7 in response to the Arab oil embargo, Pres. Nixon launches Project Independence, with the goal of achieving U.S. energy self-sufficiency by 1980 and building 1K nuclear power plants by 2000, comparing it with the Manhattan Project; on Dec. 4 the Federal Energy Office replaces the Energy Policy Office created in June; the Clamshell Alliance is formed in New England in 1975 to fight construction of nuclear power plants. On Nov. 7 the U.S. Congress overrides Pres. Nixon's Oct. 24 veto of the July 18-20 U.S. War Powers Act (Resolution) of 1973, giving the U.S. pres. 60 days freedom of action against a perceived enemy threat to the U.S. before Congress can call troops back, but requiring the pres. to consult with Congress before sending troops, and to report to them within 48 hours of deployment; after Nixon, presidents begin ignoring the act on the grounds that Nixon called it unconstitutional - just think of your Congressman's face, how he's the kind of whimp you'd beat up at school, and then thinks he can suddenly push you around in student council? On Nov. 8 Nevada approves pari-mutuel betting on Jai Alai (Basque "merry festival"). On Nov. 8 after NATO talks cause British warships to be recalled on Oct. 3, an agreement is signed ending the Second Cod War (begun Sept. 1, 1972); too bad, it expires in Nov. 1975. On Nov. 8-10 Millennium '73 at the Houston Astrodome in Tex. is hosted by the ever-happy Divine Light Mission (founded 1960) of 15-y.-o. Guru Maharaj Ji (Prem Pal Singh Rawat) (1957-) (who gave his Peace Bomb Speech at the Indian Gate in Delhi in 1969, then flew to the U.S. in 1971, attracting followers, who set up the first mission in Denver, Colo.), which his ever-happy supporters call "the most significant event in human history"; only 10K-35K of a projected 100K attend, incl. Chicago Seven defendant Rennie Davis, and hippies thinking it's about the dawning of the Age of Aquarius or the Second Coming of Christ, and groove on the "apocalyptic chill in the air" from all the scandals, wars, and economic troubles; the DLM has 50K members in the U.S. and 6M in India; a 2-week 8-city 500-person "Soul Rush" precedes it, during which they stop in front of the White House and invite Pres. Nixon to attend; too bad, the young guru marries a non-Indian next year, pissing-off his mother and two brothers, who split and return to India, where his eldest brother Satpal Maharaj (1951-) takes control of the Indian branch, and after much bad publicity he begins disbanding the Western branch in the early 1980s, changing its name to Elan Vital and reverting to his real name. On Nov. 10 Henry Kissinger briefs Chou Enlai in the Great Hall of the People in China about the Soviets and tells him that it is in the interest of the U.S. to prevent a Soviet nuclear attack on China. On Nov. 10 a truck carrying workers plunges off a steep road outside Doi Inthanon, Thailand, killing 40 and injuring 20. On Nov. 11 Israel and Egypt sign a U.S.-sponsored ceasefire accord, then exchange POWs on Nov. 15. On Nov. 14 Britain's Princess Anne Windsor (1950-) marries commoner Capt. Mark Anthony Peter Phillips (1948-) in Westminster Abbey to a televised audience of 100M; she wears the 1830 King George III Tiara; they divorce in 1992, and on Dec. 12 she marries vice-adm. Timothy James Hamilton Laurence (1955-). On Nov. 16 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act, authorizing construction. On Nov. 16 Skylab 4, is launched from Cape Canaveral on an 84-day mission, carrying the final lily-white Yankee cowboy astronauts Gerald Paul Carr (1932-) of the USMC, Edward George Gibson (1936-) (Caltech-educated physicist), and William Reid Pogue (1930-) of the USAF; it returns on Feb. 8 after 84 days in space; on Dec. 25 the astronauts take a 7-hour spacewalk and photograph comet Kohoutek as it is headed for a Christmas rendezvous with the Sun; too bad, it proves a visual disappointment, but is a scientific treasure chest. On Nov. 17 (Sat.) Pres. Nixon gives his I Am Not a Crook Speech at a televised Associated Press managing editors meeting in Orlando, Fla., admitting he "made a mistake in not more closely supervising his campaign activities", denying that he had any knowledge of the break-in at Daniel Ellsberg's office until Mar. 17 of this year, or of proposals to pay blackmail money to Watergate conspirators until Mar. 21 of this year, detailing his finances and saying "I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life I have never profited from public service", and uttering the immortal soundbyte: "People have gotta know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I'm not a crook. I earned everything I've got" - you're about to earn the boot? On Nov. 19 the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) takes its sharpest drop in 19 years. Watch out Tricky Dicky, the Congress's gonna get you? On Nov. 21 Nixon's special White House counsel Joseph Fred Buzhardt Jr. (1924-78) (a Buzzard for dead Nixon's corpse?) reveals the existence of an 18.5 Minute Gap in one of the White House Tapes; on Nov. 26 Nixon's personal secy. Rose Mary Woods (1917-2005) becomes the world's most famous secy. after taking the blame for conveniently causing the gap in the tapes of June 20, 1972 on Oct. 1, 1973 by a simple mistake of hitting the record button instead of the stop button while bending over backwards in her chair and doing the "Rose Mary Stretch" to answer a phone while operating the Uher 5000 tape machine, but only admitting that she erased 5 min. of it; scientific analysis by Anthony Pellicano (1944-) et al. later proves that the gap was deliberately caused, and that there were 5-9 separate erasures; Buzhardt later asks whether the public would prefer "a competent scoundrel or an honest boob", which is widely interpreted as referring to Gerald Ford - talk to the good guys, that's all we know? On Nov. 22 Britain announces a plan for moderate Protestants and Roman Catholics to share power in Northern Ireland, negotiated by Scottish-born British Conservative politician William Stephen Ian 'Willie' Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw (1918-99); fishing paradise County Fermanagh in the SW is replaced by a number of new districts; the exec body is given control of all affairs except security, justice, foreign relations and some financial matters - it's not how you're covered it's how you're treated? On Nov. 25 the 55 mph speed limit is imposed in the U.S., causing the avg. American to finally admit the possibility that their mighty empire might go the way of Rome? On Nov. 25 three Arabs hijack KLM Flight 861 (Boeing 747) en route from Amsterdam to Tokyo above Baghdad, landing in Malta after no other country lets them land, then releasing all but 11 of the 247 passengers and eight stewardesses after being told by PM Dom Mintoff that the runway is too short to carry the load; it then flies to Dubai. On Nov. 25 Albert Henry DiSalvo (b. 1931), the self-confessed Boston Strangler (who later recanted) is stabbed to death in the maximim security prison in Walpole, Mass.; Winter Hill Gang member Robert Wilson is tried for the murder but the jury is hung. On Nov. 27 the Senate votes 92-3 to confirm Gerald R. Ford as U.S. vice-pres., becoming the first born in Neb. (2nd is Dick Cheney). On Nov. 28 the Battle of Versailles Fashion Show pits French fashion designers Yves Saint Laurent, Pierre Cardin, Christian Dior, Hubert de Givenchy, and Emanuel Ungaro against Am. fashion designers Bill Blass, Donna Karan, Anne Klain, Stephen Burrows, Halston, and Oscar de la Renta, who feature an unprecedented number (11) of black models, stealing the show. On Nov. 29 a fire in a Tokyo dept. store in Kumamoto, Kyushu, Japan kills 101 (104?) and injures 84. In Nov. the Algiers Arab Summit Conference recognizes the PLO as the sole legitimate rep. of the Palestine people. In Nov. after Drexel and Burnham & Co. merge, born-on-the-4th-of-July Drexel exec Michael Robert Milken (1946-) talks them into trading high-yield junk bonds for friendly and hostile corporate takeovers, promising a 100% return on investment; by 1976 he makes $5M a year, and becomes known for an X-shaped trading desk that maximizes contact with traders and salesmen; too bad, he is indicted in 1989 on 98 counts of racketeering and securities fraud for insider trading, and serves two years of a 10-year sentence. On Dec. 1 Chile breaks diplomatic contacts with Sweden. On Dec. 1 Papua New Guinea wins self-govt. from Australia. On Dec. 9 the Sunningdale Agreement between the Protestant Unionists and Catholic Nationalists is signed in Sunningdale, Berkshire, England, attempting to end the Troubles with a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive and a cross-border Council of Ireland; too bad, a loyalist gen. strike next May kills it. On Dec. 3 the Earth receives the first close-up color photos of Jupiter from Pioneer 10 (launched Mar. 2, 1972). On Dec. 6 after the U.S. House confirms him by 387-35, Repub. House minority leader (since 1965) Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (nee Leslie Lynch King Jr.) (1913-2006) of Mich. is sworn-in as the 40th U.S. vice-pres. (until Aug. 9, 1974), becoming the first unelected veep in U.S. history, and the first person appointed to fill a vacancy in the vice-presidency, also one of three U.S. presidents to live for 30 years after taking office (Herbert Hoover, Jimmy Carter). On Dec. 3 Exxon refinery mgr. Victor E. Samuelson (1937-) is kidnapped in Campora, Argentina by the Ejercito Revolutionaro del Pueblo (Marxist People's Rev. Army), who hold him for 5 mo. while threatening to execute him for the "crimes of multinational corporations", then release him on Apr. 29 after receiving a $14.9M ransom (in $100 bills) on Mar. 13, becoming the highest ransom ever paid kidnappers (until ?). On Dec. 13 Vichy-born French race car driver Claude Maurice Marcel Vorilhon (1946-) claims he is visited by 4-ft.-tall extraterrestrials called Elohim, who claim to have created humanity by mixing earthly DNA with their own, causing him to change his name to Rael ("messenger of the Elohim") and found the Raelian Movement; on Oct. 7, 1975 he claims he is taken by them to another planet to meet Buddha, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, later changing Jesus to Mithras; he goes on to get bigtime into cloning - just a smokescreen to get beautiful women to sleep with him? On Dec. 13 Britain cuts the work week to three days to save energy. On Dec. 15 after efforts by psychiatrist Dr. Robert L. Spitzer, the Am. Psychiatric Assoc. (APA) removes homosexuality from its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders II (DSM-II); in 2001 Spitzer pub. a paper claiming that highly motivated homos can change their sexual orientation to hetero, which the APA disavows as not being peer-reviewed - swallow or spitz jokes here? On Dec. 17 Palestinian terrorists kill 31 at the Rome airport. On Dec. 18 the first conference of finance ministers of the Org. of the Islamic Conference (OIC) (founded 1969) founds the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) to advance the "Islamic way of life". On Dec. 21 leaders of Israel, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, U.S., and the Soviet Union meet in Geneva. On Dec. 21-26 125 mph Cyclone Tracy devastates Darwin, Australia, killing 71 and causing A$837M in damage while destroying 70%+ of its bldgs. and 80% of its houses, leaving 25K of 47K inhabitants homeless, requiring the evacuation of 30K, leaving it deserted for a year. On Dec. 23 six Persian Gulf nations of OPEC double their oil prices. On Dec. 26 pres. (since July 7, 1972) Harold B. Lee (b. 1899) dies, and on Dec. 30 Spencer Woolley Kimball (1895-1985) becomes Mormon (LDS) pres. #12 (until Nov. 5, 1985), announcing that all able-bodied young adult members must serve as missionaries. On Dec. 28 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Endangered Species Act, sponsored by Calif. rep. (1967-83) Paul Norton "Pete" McCloskey Jr. (1927-), w hich replaces the Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1969; the first U.S. Endangered and Threatened Species List is issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Bureau; meanwhile 80 nations sign the Convention on Internat. Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), prohibiting commercial trade in endangered species. On Dec. 30 terrorist Carlos the Jackal stages a failed assassination attempt on British Zionist Jewish businessman Marcus Joseph Sieff, Baron Sieff of Brimpton (1913-2001), pres. of Marks and Spencer dept. stores in London, attempting to kidnap him from his house only to flee after police arrive, shooting Sieff in the jaw, becoming the first known terrorist mission for the Jackal, who wears gloves. On Dec. 31 (midnight) after labor strikes cause coal shortages, the British 3-Day Week Electricity Consumption Reduction Act comes into force for commercial users except restaurants, food stores, and newspapers, becoming known as Britain's Dark Days (ends Mar. 7, 1974). On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 850.86, down from 1020.02 a year earlier. In Dec. Pope Paul VI offers to collaborate on a solution to the Middle East problem, causing visits by Arab and African leaders; he also finally strips exiled Hungarian Cardinal Jozsef Mindszenty (d. 1975) of his titles and declares his seat vacated, but refuses to fill the seat while he remains alive; he also canonizes 19th cent. Spanish Little Sisters of the Poor founder nun St. Teresa of Jesus Jornet Ibars (1843-97). An agreement reached in Laos revives coalition govt. (ends 1975). Bahrain approves a new constitution, creating its first-ever elected parliament called the Nat. Council, elected by males. Philippines pres. Ferdinand Marcos proclaims land reforms, but exempts sugar and coconut plantations, and the net result is close to zero, although it takes a couple of years for the public to catch on and get pissed-off at their self-proclaimed hero. Jordan grants women the vote. The Queen Elizabeth II receives a naval escort after Muammar al-Gaddafi threatens to torpedo it; meanwhile Daffy claims the tuna-rich 62-mi.-deep Gulf of Sidra (Sirte) (32 deg. 30 min. N) as Libya's territorial limit, and that anybody who crosses it will be crossing the "line of death", despite U.S. recognition of only a 12-mi. limit. The U.S. FDA establishes FDA Food Labeling Regulations, requiring info. on calories, grams of protein, carbohydrate, and fat per serving, and percentage of U.S. RDA of protein, nine vitamins and five minerals; too bad, manufacturers aren't prohibited from packaging foods so that people can consume multiple "servings" at a sitting. The Nat. House Building Council in the U.K. is established. to set standards and provide warranties for new homes. Pres. Nixon pioneers the Fast Track Method of securing Congressional approval of trade agreements. The Swiss Official Chronometer Testing Inst. (COSC) in Switzerland is founded by five watch cantons and the Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH. The British Royal Style and Titles Act (Australia) creates the title of queen of Australia, which is given to Elizabeth II. South Korean artist Nam June Paik (1932-2006) (first-ever video artist) coins the term "Information Superhighway" in a paper for the Rockefeller Foundation. Am. socialist writer Edward Michael "Mike" Harrington (1928-89) coins the term "neoconservatism" for liberals who don't go with LBJ's Great Society, which he started with his 1962 book "The Other America: Poverty in the United States"; they take it as a compliment and adopt it? The Children's Defense Fund is founded in Washington, D.C. by Marian Wright Edelman (1939-), with the motto "Leave no child behind". The Nat. Gay and Lesbian Task Force and the Lambda Legal Defense Fund are founded in the U.S. The Great Dismal Swamp Nat. Wildlife Refuge in NE N.C. and SE Va. is established by Congress. Albany, Ga. erects an eternal flame to commemorate U.S. war deaths; in June 2006 it is briefly shut down to remove a tennis shoe. The Jehovah's Witnesses nix the use of tobacco by members as a "defilement of flesh", although they permit moderate drinking. The North Am. Islamic Trust (NAIT) in Plainfield, Ind. is founded with Saudi financial backing. Baghdad-born Ovadia Yosef (Abdullah Youssef) (1920-2013) becomes Sephardic chief rabbi of Israel (until Oct. 7, 2013). Rising GM exec. John Zachary DeLorean (1925-2005), father of the Pontiac GTO quits as vice-pres. in charge of all North Am. car and truck operations to launch DeLorean Motor Car Co. in Northern Ireland. The Dun and Bradstreet Cos. are formed from 40+ cos. with six main operating divs. The Children's Defense Fund is founded by black atty. Marian Wright Edelman (1939-) to fight for poor, black and disabled children. Schoolhouse Rock! Sat. morning animated children's educational series debuts on ABC-TV for 52 episodes (until 1986); it is aired in 3-min. segments. The 1.3K-sq.-mi. Nordvest-Spitsbergen Nasjonalpark in NW Spitzbergen in the Arctic Ocean is founded by Norway, containing five bird sanctuaries plus Arctic wildlife incl. the Arctic fox, reindeer and walrus. Gary Sinise, Terry Kinney, and Jeff Perry found the Steppenwolf Theatre Co. in Highland Park (near Chicago), Ill. in the basement of a church; in 1980 it moves to the Jane Addams Hull House Center in Chicago, and in 1991 they move into their own complex at 1650 N. Halstead St. Am. actor William Traylor (1930-89) (former lover of Noel Coward who broke up with him during the perf. of the 1958 flop show "Nude with Violin", tried to commit suicide, then goes straight and marries her), and Am. actress Peggy Feury (1924-85) (artistic dir. of the Actor's Studio) found the Loft Studio in New York City, with students incl. Nicolas Cage, Anjelica Houston, Sean Penn, Michelle Pfeiffer, Meg Tilly, Eric Stoltz, and Lily Tomlin. Israeli spoon-bending psychic Uri Geller (1946-) is shown up in an appearance on Johnny Carson's Tonight Show when amateur magician Carson insists that he bend spoons provided by the show instead of his own props, after which he sits helplessly trying to explain the sudden loss of his powers; when a video clip from the show is placed on YouTube, Geller tries to have it removed; this doesn't stop the CIA from recruiting him for spy work? The 13-part BBC-TV series The Ascent of Man, hosted by Polish-born mathematical biologist Jacob Bronowski (1908-74) documents the development of human society via the rise of Science, forming a counterpoint to Sir Kenneth Clark's 1969 Civilisation, which argues that art is the major driving force, and turns on Carl Sagan to produce his "Cosmos" series; Science not the Humanities and Religion is the answer to the sad historical treatment of Jews? Am. soul singer Al Green (Albert Leornes Greene) (1946-) gets "saved" in a hotel near Disneyland in Calif., and switches to gospel music; in 1974 a woman he once dated comes to his home and proposes marriage, and when he turns her down she throws a pan of boiled grits on him, causing second-degree burns, then shoots herself to death; he then opens his own church. Casablanca Records was founded by Humphrey, er, Neil Bogart (Neil E. Bogatz) (1943-82) of bubblegum label Buddah Records; the rock group Kiss becomes the first to sign, turning on the under-14 crowd with Japanese Kabuki makeup, tongue flicking, and stage pyrotechnics; too bad, after helping to launch Disco by signing Donna Summer, Village People et al., then going New Wave with Boardwalk Records and signing Joan Jett, he dies of cancer at age 39. Kan.-born Samuel Edward Ramey (1942-) makes his debut at the New York City Opera on Mar. 11 as Zuniga in the 1875 Bizet opera "Carmen", going on to become the #1 basso cantante of his generation, as proved by singing on "Sesame Street"? Pflag (Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays) is founded in Greenwich Village, N.Y. The first major media discussions of Disco are pub. in Rolling Stone and Billboard. Vodka outsells whiskey in the U.S. for the first time. The reality show documentary An American Family airs on PBS-TV, drawing 10M viewers, starring openly gay musician Alanson Russell "Lance" Loud (1951-2001), who becomes a gay icon; after he dies of AIDS, PBS airs Lance Loud! A Death in An American Family in Jan. 2003. After helping the USAF debunk UFO reports for Project Blue Book (closed in 1969), becoming a skeptic until a small number of cases are found that can't be explained, Chicago, Ill.-born Northwestern U. astronomer Josef Allen Hynek (1910-86) founds the Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS) as a serious private research group for UFOs, building a large library for researchers; Hynek goes on to develop the Hynek Scale classification system, with three kinds of Close Encounters. Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Dean Mitchell (1930-) founds the Inst. of Noetic (Gr. "intuitive mind") Sciences, whose mission is "supporting individual and collective transformation through consciousness research, educational outreach, and engaging a global learning community in the realization of our human potential." Jews for Jesus is founded in San Francisco, Calif. by Martin "Moise" Rosen (1932-2010), with the messy, er, mission of converting Jews to Messianic Christianity. Java-born New Age philosopher Johan Henri Quanjer (1934-2001) coins the term "Pneumatocracy" for a govt. ruled by spiritual people. The Saturn Award (Golden Scroll) is established by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. Virago Press is founded in England to pub. feminist works, incl. "Herstory". German minimalist fashion designer Heidemarie Jiline "Jil" Sander (1943-) begins designing women's wear with high-end materials that catch on with business execs, causing her to become known as the "Master of Minimalism". African-Am. soprano Leona Mitchell (1949-) debuts at the San Francisco Opera as Micaela in Bizet's 1875 opera "Carmen", going on to debut at the Metropolitan Opera on Dec. 15, 1975 in the same role. Bi Hollywood actor Tony Perkins marries Berinthia "Berry" Berenson (1948-2001) on Cape Cod in Aug.; his best man is Murray, his pet collie; she is later dies on 9/11 in Am. Airlines Flight 11 on a flight from Cape Cod to Calif. Two white girls, 11-y.-o. Amy Burridge and her 18-y.-o. half-sister Becky Thomson (1955-92) are kidnapped by Jerry Jenkins and Ron Kennedy in front of a convenience store in Casper, Wyo., then taken to the Fremont Canyon Bridge, where Amy is tossed 120 ft. to her death, then Becky raped and tossed, surviving and crawling backwards up the canyon to the bridge, where she is found the next morning nude with a big hole in her side; even though the perps are convicted, she can't get over it and returns to the bridge in 1992 and throws herself off in front of her boyfriend and 2-y.-o. child, breaking her neck and dying "a 2nd time". The first commercials for Bud Lite are aired, starring NFL stars Matt Snell and Ernie Stautner, and mystery writer Mickey Spillane; later ads feature 35+ celebs incl. Billy Martin and Bubba Smith. Pepsi-Cola conducts an ad campaign featuring the 100-letter word "Lipsmackinthirstquenchinacetastinmotivatingoodbuzzincooltalkinhighwalkinfastlivinevergivincoolfizzin". Charlie brand fragrance, named after co-founder Charles Revson begins to be marketed by Revlon, featuring liberated female models in pantsuits. Reggio Calabria, Italy-born gay fashion designer Giovanni Maria "Gianni" Versace (1946-97) becomes designer for the Byblos line of Genny's, going on to open a boutique in Milan in 1978, staging his first show next year, featuring supermodels, rock music, and other celebs to be sure it's hip and vulgar; with the help of his sister Donatella Versace and brother Santo Versace he goes on to design costumes for the TV series "Miami Vice" (1989) and several films incl. "Judge Dredd" (1995), "Showgirls" (1995), and "To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar" (1995), with sales reaching $800M by 1996; too bad, he is murdered in front of his Miami Beach mansion by Andrew Cuanan on July 15, 1997, leaving longtime gay lover Antonio D'Amico (1959-) a lifetime pension; meanwhile his sister Donatella Francesca Versace (1955-) follows in his footsteps, holding her first show at the Hotel Ritz in Paris on July 18, 1998, making fans of Prince Charles, Sir Elton John, Kate Moss, Liz Hurley, Catherine Zeta-Jones et al. while using celebs incl. Jennifer Lopez, Madonna, Courtney Love, Demi Moore, Christina Aguilera, January Jones, Lady Gaga, and Beyonce as promoters, with Elizabeth Hurley wearing her Black Versace Dress (AKA THAT Dress) to the 1994 debut of "Four Weddings and a Funeral", and Jennifer Lopez wearing her Green Jungle-Dress to the Grammys on Feb. 23, 2000. Gyros Inc. is founded in the U.S. by Peter Parthenis, launching the popularity of Greek gyros (pr. YEE-ros) sandwiches - watch the garlic breath? George Zimmer (1948-) founds Men's Wearhouse in Houston, Tex. to sell inexpensive men's dress suits, with the motto "You're going to like the way you look - I guarantee it"; too bad, after the chain grows to 1,143 locations and $2.48B sales, he is ousted by the board on June 19, 2013. W. Frank Barton (1917-2000) and Tom Devlin (1948-) found Rent-A-Center in July. Gen. Foods introduces Stove Top Stuffing, invented by home economist Ruth M. Siems (1931-2005) in Mar., with the ad slogan "Stuffing instead of potatoes?", changing the U.S. mass cultural consciousness; in 1975 it receives patent #3,870,803 ("Instant Stuffing Mix"). Tokyo-born Japanese fashion designer Rei Kawakubo (1942-) launches her own fashion house Comme des Garcons Ltd., designing anti-fashion clothing featuring deconstructed assymetrical designs with holes and frayed unfinished edges, which critics call "Hiroshima chic", limiting herself to black, white, and dark grey until the late 1980s. Strasbourg, France-born gay fashion designer Thierry Mugler (1948-) creates his first personal collection, "Cafe de Paris; in 1978 he opens his first Paris boutique in the Place des Victoires, becoming known for solid dominating colors and strong almost cruel style; in 1992 he introduces Angel perfume, with a fragrance combining praline, chocolate, and patchouli, and a bottle in the shape of a faceted star, becoming a favorite of Diana Ross, Barbara Walters, and Hillary Clinton; in 1996 he introduces Angel Men, with a fragrance combining caramel, coffee, vanilla, patchouli, and honey, which becomes a favorite of anal, er, gay men. The quarterly journal Brewery History begins pub. in the U.K. After buying Miller Brewing Co. for $243 in 1971, Philip Morris introduces Miller Lite, with the ad slogan "Great Taste... Less Filling", becoming the first successful light beer, using the 1967 formula of Joseph Lawrence Owades of Rheingold Brewery as given to Meister Brau of Chicago, Ill. and massively advertising it using washed-up sports jocks to relate to the male beer drinker, going national in 1975, selling 24.2M barrels in 1977, taking Miller Brewing Co. from #7 to #2 behind Anheuser-Busch by 1978; in Apr. 1982 Anheuser-Busch responds with Bud Light, which passes Miller Lite in sales in 1994, with the ad slogan "Everything else is just a light"; in 1992 light beers become the biggest-selling beer in the U.S. Massimo Zenetti Beverage Group is founded in Bologna, Italy, going on in 2006 to acquire MJB, Hills Brothers, Chase & Sanborn, and Chock Full O'Nuts for $82.5M from Nestle, growing to own 20+ consumer brands and operate the largest coffee plantation in the world in Brazil. Sports: On Jan. 3 CBS-TV gets out of the baseball business by selling the New York Yankees to a 12-man syndicate headed by George Michael Steinbrenner III (1930-2010) for $3.2M, who becomes the first ML baseball team owner to sell TV cable rights and pay players astronomical salaries, opening the gate for other franchises; in 1997 he signs a 10-year $97M deal with Adidas, then creates the Yankees' own YES Cable Network; in 2005 the Yankees become the first prof. sports franchise to be worth $1B, making 20 mgr. changes in 23 years, incl. hiring and firing Billy Martin 5x; Steinbrenner's teams go on to win 16 div. titles, 11 AL pennants, and 7 WS titles. On Jan. 14 (noon) the first nationally-televised Super Bowl Sunday college basketball game, hosted by the ACC sees #3-ranked N.C. State U. defeat #2-ranked U. of Md. in College Park, Md. by 87-85; N.C. Star David Thompson scores 37 points; announcer Billy Packer receives his first nat. exposure; NFL announcer Ray Scott teams with him to calm NFL fans; in Mar. N.C. State U. defeats the U. of Md. again by 76-74 in the ACC Tournament championship game, but is barred from the NCAA tournament because of violations in the recruiting of Thompson. On Jan. 22 in Kingston, Jamaica Joe Frazier loses his heavyweight boxing title (since 1970) to George Edward Foreman (1949-) in a round 2 KO (3-knockdown rule); Howard Cosell repeatedly yells "Down goes Frazier!" after the first knockdown; Foreman becomes world heavyweight boxing champ #24 (until 1974). Friendsville Academy in Tenn. ends a 138-game basketball losing streak on Feb. 15. Robyn Smith (Smith-Astaire) (1944-) (future wife of cradle robber Fred Astaire in 1980-7) wins the Paumanok Handicap at New York's Aqueduct Raceway on Mar. 1 on the colt North Sea, becoming the first woman jockey to win a U.S. stakes race. On Feb. 18 the 1973 (15th) Daytona 500 is won by Richard Petty (4th time). On Feb. 25 Superstars debuts on ABC-TV (until 1983, then 1984-94 on NBC-TV, then 1998-2002 on ABC-TV, then 2003 on CBS-TV), filmed in Rotunda, Fla., featuring 10 athletes from different fields competing for best all-around athlete; winner is pole vaulter Bob Seagren; boxer Joe Frazier almost drowns in the 50m swimming heats, revealing that he never learned how to swim; bowler Jim Stefanich ties for 7th place. On Mar. 31 Muhammad Ali is defeated by a split decision by "Mandingo" star (San Diego local) Ken Norton (1949-) in a heavyweight boxing match at the San Diego Sports Arena in Calif.; on Sept. 10 Ali avenges the loss in round 12 of a match at the Forum in Inglewood, Calif. On Mar. 31 the 1973 Grand National steeplechase horserace at Aintree Racecourse in Liverpool, England sees Red Rum (1965-95) win for the first of 3x (1973-4, 1977), defeating the older Crisp (1963-) after trailing by 15 lengths at the final fence. On Apr. 24 the 1973 NBA Draft sees 17 teams select 211 players in 20 rounds; on May 5 the 11th and remaining rounds are held, after which the draft is limited to 10 rounds; after turning down a draft selection by the ABA Denver Nuggets, 6'6" guard-forward Paul Douglas "Doug" Collins (1951-) of Ill. State U. is selected #1 by the Philadelphia 76ers (#20), retiring in 1981 and becoming head coach of the Chicago Bulls (1986-9), coaching Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, getting them to the playoffs three years in a row but never getting them past the Detroit Pistons, then coaching the Detroit Pistons (1995-8), working as an announcer for five years until he gets a job as head coach of the followed by the Washington Wizards (2001-3), returning to broadcasting until he gets a job as head coach of his old team the Philadelphia 76ers (2010-13); 6'8" power forward Kermit Alan Washington (1951-) of American U. (#24) (who averaged 20 points and 20 rebounds per game in his college career) is selected #5 by the Los Angeles Lakers (#24), playing poorly for three seasons until he gets special help from retired coach Pete Newell, going on to become known for his rebounding ability; too bad, on Dec. 9, 1977 "The Punch" sees Washington punch Rudolph "Rudy" Tomjanovich Jr. (1948-) of the Houston Rockets during an on-court fight, fracturing his skull like an eggshell and severely shortening his career, receiving a $10K fine and 60-day (26-game) suspension, after which Saturday Night Live replays the punch numerous times as a gag, causing the NBA to stiffen penalties for on-court fights and add a 3rd referee, and turning Washington into a pariah; on Dec. 27, 1977 he is traded to the Boston Celtics (#26), moving to the San Diego Clippers (#42) in 1978-9, meeting Tomjanovich on the court in Nov. 1978 after the latter refuses to shake hands at center court prior to the tipoff; he then moves to the Portland Trail Blazers (#42) in 1979 in a 3-player trade for center Bill Walton, finally receiving fan support, retiring in Jan. 1982 after missing all but 20 games in the season due to back and knee pain; in 1987 he attempts a comeback with the Golden State Warriors (#3), lasting only eight games; 6'8" forward-center George F. McGinnis (1950-) of the U. of Ind. (1969 Indiana Mr. Basketball, who in the 1970-1 season become the first sophomore to lead the Big Ten in scoring and rebounding), who signed with the ABA Indiana Pacers (#30) in 1971 is selected #22 by the Philadelphia 76ers (#30), holding out until 1975, making it to the NBA Finals with Julius Erving and Caldwell Jones in 1977, then moving to the Denver Nuggets (#30) in 1978-80 before returning to the NBA Indiana Pacers in 1980-2 in a trade for Alex English (worst in Pacers history?), doing diddly until they let him go. On Apr. 29-May 10 after the semifinal game sees the Philadelphia Flyers win the opening game in Montreal when center Rick MacLeish intercepts an errant pass by Frank Mahovlich that allegedly got lost in a "puddle of war", scoring in OT, then losing the series 4-1, the 1973 Stanley Cup Finals, a rematch of the 1971 championship series see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Chicago Black Hawks 4-2; MVP is 5'7" Montreal right wing Yvan Serge "the Roadrunner" Cournoyer (1943), known for using longer blades on his skates to give him blazing speed despite his small size; Flyers goalie Bernard Marcel "Bernie" Parent (1945-) plays one of the finest seasons by a goaltender ever, and repeats next year, winning the Vezina Trophy and Conn Smythe Trophy both seasons. On May 1-10 the 1973 NBA Finals sees the New York Knicks defeat the Los Angeles Lakers by 4-1 (102-93 in game 5), reversing the 1972 finals where the Knicks only won the first game; MVP is Willis Reed of the Knicks. On May 13 Am. tennis hustler Bobby Riggs defeats Margaret Smith Court in a Mother's Day match in Calif. - the battle of the sexes, pt. 1? On May 30 the 1973 Indianapolis 500 is won by Gordon "Gordy" Johncock (1937-); he wins again in 1982. On June 9 after winning the Kentucky Derby on May 5 in 1:59 2/5 (first under 2 min.), Secretariat (1970-89) ("Big Red"), son of 1957 Preakness winner Bold Ruler (born and bred 20 mi. outside of Richmond, Va.) and mare Somethingroyal becomes the first horse since Citation in 1948 (9th ever) (next 1977) to win the Triple Crown when he wins the Belmont Stakes by 31 lengths in 2:24; he goes on to sire and grandsire top thoroughbreds Risen Star, Charismatic et al.; his jockey is Ron Joseph Morel Turcotte (1941-), and his groom (black) is Eddie Sweat (1939-98), who is portrayed in the 1991 Secretariat Bronze by Edwin Bogucki (1932-), who also does a Man O'War Bronze. On July 19 the U.S. Open becomes the first pro tennis match to give equal prize money to men and women; Jan Kodes (1946-) of Czech. wins the Wimbledon men's singles title after 13 of 16 players sit out over a labor dispute, and Billy Jean King wins the women's singles title; the Women's Tennis Assoc. (WTA) is founded in the U.S., becoming the main body for women's prof. tennis. In July after his New York Mets trail the Chicago Cubs by 9-1/2 games in the NL East, Yogi Berry utters the immortal soundbyte "It ain't over till it's over"; the Mets go on to rally and win the div. title, but lose the World Series. On Sept. 14 Pres. Nixon signs into law a measure lifting the NFL's home game blackout policy; from now they can only blackout a home game locally if it is not sold-out within 72 hours of game time. On Sept. 20 the publicity stunt Battle of the Sexes is hosted by Howard Cossell, featuring the exchanging of gifts (a 6-ft. lollipop and a live pig), after which female tennis star Billie Jean King (1943-) (sister of San Francisco Giants pitcher Randy Moffitt) defeats aging male 55-y.-o. Wimbledon and Forest Hills winner Robert "Bobby" Riggs (1918-95) in straight sets, 6-4, 6-3, 6-3 in the Houston Astrodome in Tex., becoming the female King of the Courts, and making a big splash for women's libbers; in 2013 Hal Shaw claims that Riggs threw the match to pay off gambling debts to the mob - proving what? On Nov. 11 the Soviet Union is kicked out of World Cup of Soccer for refusing to play Chile. Jack Nicklaus wins his 3rd PGA title. On Dec. 16 NFL halfback Orenthal James "O.J." "the Juice" Simpson (1947-) becomes the first to rush for 2K yards in a season (2,003 yards) - not counting Gretna Green and Rockingham? Notre Dame U. wins the nat. collegiate football championship with a perfect season. Thomas Dean "Tommy" Aaron (1937-) wins the Master's golf tournament. After poor attendance in Dallas, the Texas (formerly Dallas) Chaparrals of the ABA move to San Antonio, Tex. as the San Antonio Spurs (team colors black, silver, and white), joining the NBA in 1976, after which the NBA adds the expansion team Dallas Mavericks in 1980. Thomas William "Tom" Osborne (1937-) becomes head coach of the U. of Neb. Cornhuskers football team (until 1997), going on to compile a 255-49-3 record (83.6%). Robert Montgomery "Bobby" "Bob" Knight (1940-) becomes head coach of the Indiana U. Hoosiers male basketball team (until 2000), going on to win three NCAA championships and 11 Big Ten Conference championships. 6'11" William Theodore "Bill" Walton II (1952-), "the Big Redhead" of UCLA (#32) wins the nat. basketball title for the 2nd straight time in Apr. (first school to win back-to-back NCAA titles) with 21 of 22 field goal attempts and 44 points, becoming the greatest offensive performance in U.S. college basketball (until ?), breaking USF's record of 60 consecutive wins; coach John Wooden receives his 6th NCAA college basketball coach of the year award. Frank Joseph Augustyn (1953-) and Karen Alexandria Kain (1951-), the Rudolph Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn of Canada win the pas de deux competition in Moscow. The first Mayor's Midnight Sun Marathon is held in Anchorage, Alaska; the first annual Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race from Anchorage to Nome is held (1.1K mi.) in commemoration of the 1925 diptheria mission; it takes 20 days for the winner to complete it, with $50K total prize money offered by Okla.-born promoter Joe Redington Sr. (1917-99). The U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame is founded at 801 Hat Trick Ave. in Eveleth, Minn. Architecture: On Mar. 17 Queen Elizabeth II opens the new London Bridge; the old one opened in 1831 is now in Ariz. On May 3 the $160M 108-story 1,450-ft.-high (442.1m) 3.6M-sq.-ft. ziggurat-like Sears Tower (1,707 ft. with twin antenna towers) on 333 South Wacker Dr. in Chicago, Ill. (begun 1970), designed by Bangladesh-born "Einstein of structural engineering" Fazlur Rahman Khan (1929-82) is completed, and opens on Sept. 1, surpassing the World Trade Center in New York City by 86 ft. as the tallest bldg. in the world (until ?) and tallest bldg. in North Am. (until 2014); the first bldg. to use Khan's bundled tube structure, which becomes the std.; visitors to the Skydeck can see Ill., Ind., Mich., and Wisc.; designed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill it features a black-anodized aluminum curtain wall where up to 14K office workers can hunker down if they can stand the traffic; in 1995 Sears moves its co. HQ to the Chicago suburb of Hoffman Estates. In June the Children's Museum of Denver is founded in Denver, Colo. in a traveling bus, moving in 1975 to Bannock St., then in 1984 to 2121 Children's Museum Dr. in downtown Denver, Colo. along the South Platte River, opening a $16.6M expansion on Nov. 20, 2015 and receiving 450K visitors/year. On Sept. 20-23 the Dallas/Fort Worth Internat. Airport (Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport until 1985) in Tex. is dedicated, featuring the first U.S. landing of a supersonic Air France Concorde aircraft en route from Caracas to Paris; attendees incl. Tex. gov John Connally, U.S. transportation secy. Claude Brinegar, U.S. Sen. Lloyd Bentsen, and Tex. gov. Dolph Briscoe; it opens for commercial service on Jan. 13, 1974. On Oct. 20 the seashell-like Sydney Opera House in Australia (begun Mar. 1, 1959), designed by Danish architect Jorn (Jřrn) Oberg Utzon (1918-2008) is opened by Queen Elizabeth II after the original estimate of $10M balloons to Australian $102M, becoming the longest taken to build a modern bldg. (until ?); Prokofiev's "War and Peace" is the first opera performed. On Oct. 30 the Bosphorus (Bosphorus) Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting Europe and Asia via bridge for the 1st time ever; in May 2005 Venus Williams plays a show game on it, becoming the first game of tennis played on two continents. On Dec. 5 the 2,084-room MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas opens, built by Armenian-Am. billionaire Kerkor "Kirk" Kekorian (1917-), becoming the largest hotel in the world, featuring a movie theme and live jai alai for bettors; too bad, a fire on Nov. 21, 1980 kills 87 guests, and it reopens in 1986 as Bally's Las Vegas; in 1985 it is used as the setting for the boxing match between Apollo Creed and Ivan Drago in the film "Rocky IV". The 600-room 50-floor 730-ft. (223m) Carlton Hotel (Centre) in Johannesburg, South Africa opens, becoming the tallest bldg. in Africa (until ?) and tallest bldg. in the S hemisphere (until ?), also the largest commercial development in Africa (until ?). The lakeview forest-surrounded glassy Douglas House in Harbor Springs, Mich., designed by Marcel Breuer student Richard Alan Meier (1934-) is built. The 717-ft.-tall $327M concrete gravity Dworshak Dam on the North Fork Clearwater River in Clearwater, Ohio 4 mi. NW of Orofino (begun 1966) is completed, becoming the 3rd tallest dam in the U.S. (until ?) and the tallest straight-axis concrete dam in the Western Hemisphere; too bad, no fish ladders. The 1,693-mi. westbound Eisenhower Memorial Tunnel (first bore) 60 mi. W of Denver, Colo., providing a direct highway route through the Rockies and over the Continental Divide along I-70 opens, becoming the highest tunnel in the U.S. (11,158 ft.) (until the Fenghuoshan Tunnel in 2006); 2nd bore opens in 1979 going E, called the Edwin C. Johnson Memorial Bore. The 200-ft.-tall earthen Tabqa (Euphrates) (al-Thawra Dam) on the Euphrates River 25 mi. upstream of Raqqa, Syria (begun 1968) is completed after an internat. archeological dig that uncovers the archeological site of Abu Hureyra, which transitioned to agriculture about 10.8K B.C.E. then was wiped out by an asteroid impact; in 1983-86 Baath (Arab. "Renaissnce") Dam on the Euphrates River is built 14 mi. upstream from Raqqa and 11 mi. downstream from the Tabqa Dam; in 1991-9 the Tishrin Dam on the Euphrates River is built 56 mi. E of Aleppo, Syria and 50 mi. S of the Syria-Turkey border; on Feb. 4, 2013 ISIS captures the Baath Dam, followed on Feb. 11 by the Tabqa Dam; on June 4, 2017 the Baath Dam is recaptured by the Syrian Dem. Forces, who rename it Freedom Dam; in 2019 after the Turkish invasion of N Syria, control of the dam is given to the Syrian govt. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Henry Alfred Kissinger (1923-) (U.S.) and Le Duc Tho (1911-90) (North Vietnam) (declined); Lit.: Patrick Victor Martindale White (1912-90) (Australia) (first Australian); Physics: Ivar Giaever (1929-) (U.S.), Reona (Leo) Esaki (1925-) (Japan), and Brian David Josephson (1940-) (U.K.) [quantum tunneling in solids]; Chem.: Ernst Otto Fischer (1918-2007) (West Germany) and Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson (1921-96) (U.K.) [organometallic chemistry of ferrocene]; Med.: Karl Ritter von Frisch (1886-1982) (Austria), Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (1903-89) (Austria), and Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (1907-88) (Netherlands) [animal behavior] (brother Jan Tinbergen won the 1969 Nobel Econ. Prize]; Econ.: Wassily Wassilyovitch Leontief (1905-99) (U.S.) [Input-Output Tables]. Inventions: Early in the year Realisation d'Etudes Electroniques (R2d) introduces Micral N, the world's first non-kit microcomputer, using an Intel 8008 chip, designed by French engineer Francois Gernelle (1944-) and Vietnamese-born French engineer Andre Truong Trong Thi (1936-2005); too bad, at $1,750 it doesn't sell well. On Mar. 1 Xerox Corp. introduces the $15K Xerox Alto Computer, a personal computer (PC) with the first GUI (graphical user interface, complete with a mouse), licensed from Stanford Research Inst. for $45K; only 2K units are sold for research use; Steve Jobs visits the Xerox PARC facilities in 1979 and steals the GUI/mouse idea for the Apple Lisa and Macintosh. On Apr. 2 the LexisNexis computerized legal research service of Mead Cata Central Co. begins operation in Dayton, Ohio. On Oct. 19 the landmark patent case Honeywell Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp., et al. invalidates the 1964 ENIAC patent, and acknowledges that the electronic digital computer was invented by John Vincent Atanasoff (1903-95), who didn't obtain a patent, throwing it into the public domain; pub. during the Nixon Saturday Night Massacre, it doesn't get much attention - but future monopolists Bill Gates et al. must have been jumping for joy? On Nov. 3 NASA's Mariner 10 space probe blasts off to explore Venus and Mercury; next Feb. 5 it passes within 3,584 (5,768km) of Venus; on Mar. 29 it passes within 466 mi. (750 km) of Mercury, taking 800 closeup photos showing a surface similar to the Moon, becoming the first space probe to observe two planets (incl. Venus), and first to observe Mercury; it discovers that Mercury has a magnetic field. The French Exocet (L. "exocoetus" = flying fish) missile is first manufactured, becoming a favorite for enemies of the U.S., as seen in the 1986 film "Top Gun". U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) reactor development dir. Milton Shaw (1921-2001) decides to cancel the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) in favor of the proposed unsafe (flammable sodium coolant) Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR), resulting in the $8B Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project, which proves a boondoggle and is cancelled in 1983, while spawning the LWR designs of Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima, while the MSRE could have spunoff the inherently safe Liquid Fuel Thorium Reactor (LFTR). The 30-bar 12-decimal-digit Universal Product Code (UPC), based on the 1948 design of Drexel Inst. of Tech. students Bernard Silver (1924-62) and Norman Joseph Woodland (1921-) (patented in Oct. 1952, then sold to RCA in 1952, and expired in 1969) is pub. on Apr. 3 by the U.S. Supermarket Ad Hoc Committee on a Uniform Grocery Product Code after the Nat. Assoc. of Food Chains asks Logicon to develop a Universal Grocery Products Identification Code in 1969, and they release it in summer 1970; after a multi-co. competition where RCA loses their lead dog status after it can't handle runs in ink, the final system is developed by Woodland and co-worker George Joseph Laurer (1925-) of IBM; each digit consists of 7 bits (bar for 1, space for 0 in the first half, reversed in the 2nd half), with never more than four consecutive 1s or 0s; the three guard bars cause Millennium Feverists to see the feared "666", which Laurer counters by noting that all three words in his name have six letters too. The first 2.5 lb. $3.5K portable Cell Phone is introduced by Motorola, the Motorola DynaTAC (Dynamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage) (AKA the Brick); systems div. gen. mgr. Martin Cooper (1926-) (who claims that Capt. Kirk's communicator in "Star Trek" was their motivation) makes the first call on Apr. 3 to his rival Joel Engel of Bell Labs from the street; it has a talk time of 35 min. and recharge time of 10 hours; by 1980 there are 1M subscribers in the U.S. The first Jet Skis are marketed by Kawasaki, invented by Clayton Jacobson, creating the personal watercraft market. The first Optical Smoke Detectors are developed by NASA. French engineer Michel Colomban (1932-) invents the Colomban Cri-cri (Fr. "cricket"), the smallest twin-engined manned aircraft, with a length of 13 ft. and wingspan of 16 ft. Am. engineer Carl G. Sontheimer (1915-98) visits the Robot-Coupe restaurant supply co. in France and redesigns the food blender of Pierre Verdun, inventing the $140 Cuisinart food processor, which costs way more than $35 blenders, but gains endorsements from Julia Child, James Beard, and other famous chefs, causing sales to boom. Am. computer scientist Gary Arlen Kildall (1942-94) develops PL/M (Programming Language for Microcomputers) the first high-level programming language for microcomputers, and uses it to create the CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors) operating system for the Intel 4004 microprocessor by 1976, founding Intergalactic Digital Research Inc. in 1974 to market it. Hungarian-born Am. physicist Joseph Lindmayer (1929-95) invents an improved silicon pholtovoltaic cell with a 50% efficiency improvement, and founds Solarex Inc. to market it; too bad, it's still too costly to compete with electric utility cos., and he sells out in 1983. The Credit Card Currency Dispenser is patented by Nat. Cash Register (NCR), becoming the first modern ATM; BankAmericard launches it in Mar.; by 1997 there are 425K ATMs in use worldwide. The Push-Through Tab for soft drink and beer cans is introduced. Tactical Studies Rules (TSR, Inc.) brings out the game Dungeons & Dragons, invented by Ernest Gary Gygax (1938-2008) and David Lance "Dave" Arneson (1947-2009) of the U.S., featuring a 20-sided die, hit points, armor classes, character levels, experience points, and dungeon crawls. Science: On Mar. 7 the large-orbit comet Kohoutek (period 75K years) is discovered by Czech astronomer Lubos Kohoutek (1935-) of Hamburg Observatory; it remains visible from Earth through early 1974. Italian astronomer Giovanni Fabrizio Bignami (1944-) discovers gamma rays coming from an invisible source, which in 1976 is named Geminga (It. "it's not there"); it turns out to be a neturon star approx. 552 l.y. (250 parsecs) from the Earth in the constellation Gemini, becoming the first known radio-quiet pulsar. The first Gene Splicing is performed by Herbert W. Boyer (1936-) and Stanley Cohen (1922-) of the U.S. Michael Stuart Brown (1941-) and Joseph L. Goldstein (1940-) of the U.S. discover that cells of the human body have surface receptors that trap and absorb bloodstream particles containing cholesterol (low-density lipoproteins), advancing the understanding of how atherosclerosis develops, winning them the 1985 Nobel Med. Prize. At a celebration of the 500th birthday of Nicolaus Copernicus, who was known for the Copernican Principle that the Earth doesn't occupy a privileged place in the Universe, Australian physicist Brandon Carter (1942-) coins the term "anthropic principle" for the idea that: "Although our situation is not necessarily central, it is inevitably privileged to some extent", and that the Universe we observe allows us to develop as humans, although other non-observable Universes might exist; it later evolves into attempts to claim that the four fundamental interactions in physics must be balanced to provide for the existence of life, etc. - the Bible strikes back? German-born Am. physicist Hans Georg Dehmelt (1922-) et al. develop the Penning Trap, which captures and holds in place a single electron while observers watch it make quantum leaps, causing physicists to revise their estimate of the size of an electron by a factor of 10K, winning them the 1989 Nobel Physics Prize; named by Dehmelt for Dutch physicist Frans Michel Penning (1894-1953). Princeton U. prof. David Jonathan Gross (1941-), and graduate students Frank Anthony Wilczek (1951-) and Hugh David Politzer (1949-) make the theoretical discovery of asymptotic freedom concerning the strong or color force that holds together quarks in protons and neutrons, proving that it gets stronger as the distance increases, like a rubber band, winning them the 2004 Nobel Physics Prize. Scientists at CERN in Switzerland perform experiments revealing the existence of the neutral (zero-charge) Z Particle, a boson with 100x the mass of a proton that mediates interactions between electrons and neutrinos. British geneticist Hans Grueneberg (Grüneberg) (1907-82) discovers the Gruneberg Ganglion at the tip of mammal noses, which later is found to detect alarm pheromones emitted by others of the same species. Moscow-born Am. economist-mathematician Leonid "Leo" Hurwicz (1917-2008) pub. The Design of Mechanisms for Resource Allocation, founding Mechanism (Market) Design Theory (AKA Reverse Game Theory), which allows people to distinguish situations in which markets work well from those in which they don't, allowing efficient trading mechanisms, voting procedures, and regulation schemes to be identified, developing the theory and sharing the 2007 Nobel Econ. Prize with New York City-born economist Eric Stark Maskin (1950-) and Boston, Mass.-born economist Roger Bruce Myerson (1951-). Canadian computer scientists Brian Wilson Kernighan (1942-) and Shen Lin find a useful algorithm for solving the classic Traveling Salesman Problem. Mary-Claire King (1946-) of UCB demonstrates that human and chimpanzee DNA are 99% identical; later it is determined that 99.9% of human DNA is identical across all the world's pop.; in 2008 it is found that the DNA in identical twins is not 100% identical - science needs a woman's touch? Norwegian physiologist Terje Lomo and British physiologist Timothy V.P. "Tim" Bliss add experimental support to the Neural Network Theory of Memory of Canadian psychologist ("Father of Neuropsychology and Neural Networks") Donald Olding Hebb (1904-85) by observing that high-speed bursts of electricity strengthen memory, and pub. the first detailed account of Long-Term Potentiation. Am. economist Robert Cohart Merton (1944-) pub. the Black-Scholes Options Pricing Model, based on work by Fischer Sheffy Black (1938-95) of the U.S. and Myron Samuel Scholes (1941-) of Canada, which implicitly prices an option when the stock is traded; it goes on to become the std. model used by global financial markets, winning them the 1997 Nobel Econ. Prize. Paul Musset (1933-85) et al. of CERN discover weak neutral currents in neutrino reactions, partially confirming the electroweak theory. Am. astrophysicist Jeremiah Paul "Jerry" Ostriker (1937-) and Canadian physicist Philip James Edwin "Jim" Peebles (1935-) propose the existence of Dark Matter to explain why galaxies don't fly apart - into striking pebbles? Indian physicist Jogesh C. Pati (1937-) and Pakistani physicist Mohammad Abdus Salam (1926-96) suggest theoretical reasons for protons to decay into other particles, winning Salam the 1979 Nobel Physics Prize, making him the first Pakistani and first Muslim to win a Nobel for science. Am. psychologist David Rosenhan (1929-2012 pub. the article "On Being Sane in Insane Places" in Science, desribing the Rosenhan Experiment, which finds that people with no mental problems can be admitted to psychiatric hospitals, and that when the hospitals are alerted that actors are applying, they falsely reject real patients. Solomon H. Snyder (1938-) et al. of the U.S. discover the opiate receptors in the brain, and they put two and two together, leading to the discovery of several opiate-like endorphins in the brain. Am. immunologist George Davis Snell (1903-96), Venezuelan immunologist Baruj Benacerraf (1920-), and French immunologist Jean Baptiste Gabriel Joachim Dausset (1916-2009) identify genes controlling antibodies, along with cell surface structures regulating immunologic responses, advancing knowledge of autoimmune diseases and histocompatibility, winning them the 1980 Nobel Med. Prize. English embyrologist Sir Ian Wilmut (1944-) produces the first live birth of a calf (named Frosty 2) from a frozen embryo; Frosty 1 was from frozen sperm; by 1996 he's into lambs. Cornell U. physicist Kenneth Geddes Wilson (1936-) uses quantum field theory to analyze second-order phase transitions of materials in several dimensions via the Renormalization Group, winning him the 1982 Nobel Physics Prize. A large Song Dynasty trade ship from c. 1277 C.E. is recovered underwater near the S coast of China, with 12 bulkhead hull compartments that confirm the 1119 C.E. "Pinzhou Table Talks" of Zhu Yu. The Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) degree and the Practitioner-Scholar Model are recognized by the Am. Psychological Assoc. (APA) at the Vail Conference on Levels and Patterns of Prof. Training in Psychology. Nonfiction: David H. Ahl (1939-), BASIC Computer Games; first million-selling computer book. Roberto Assagioli (1908-74), The Act of Will. W.H. Auden (1907-73), Forewords and Afterwords (essays); dedicated to Hannah Arendt. Thomas G. Barnes (1911-2001), Origin and Destiny of the Earth's Magnetic Field; claims that the Earth's magnetic field has a half-life of 1.4K years, indicating that the Earth is only 10K years old. Ernest Becker (1924-74), The Denial of Death (Pulitzer Prize); Rankian psychologist claims that a person's "primary repression" is knowledge of mortality, not sexuality like Freud said, and the denial of one's mortality is the basis of every person's character and causes much of the evil in the world; makes him an academic outcast until they award him the Pulitzer Prize 2 mo. after his death; "The emotional impoverishment of psychoanalysis must extend also to many analysts themselves and to psychiatrists who come under its ideology. This fact helps explain the terrible deadness of emotion that one experiences in psychiatric settings, the heavy weight of the character armor erected against the world." Petr Beckmann (1924-93), Eco-Hysterics and the Technophobes; promotes nuclear energy as safe. Daniel Bell (1919-), The Coming of Post-Industrial Society. Ray Allen Billington (1903-81), Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian, Teacher, Scholar. Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96), For All That I Found There; her daughter's maltreatment in a burns unit. Harold Bloom (1930-2019), The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry; poets don't compete with their contemporaries, but with their predecessors by misreading the works of those who influenced them? Erma Bombeck (1927-96), I Lost Everything in the Post-Natal Depression. Daniel Joseph Boorstin (1914-2004), The Americans: The Democratic Experience (Pulitzer Prize); "The most fertile novelty of the New World was not its climate, its plants, its animals, or its minerals, but its new concept of knowledge"; gets him appointed as Librarian of Congress (until 1987). Harry Browne (1933-2006), How I Found Freedom in an Unfree World: A Handbook for Personal Liberty; a libertarian classic; he later flip-flops on non-participation in poltics, becoming the Libertarian Party pres. candidate in 1996 and 2000. Robert Vance Bruce (1923-2008), Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude. Frederick Buechner (1926-), Wishful Thinking: A Theological ABC. Sheila Burnford (1918-84), One Woman's Arctic; her two summers in Pond Inlet, Nunavut, Baffin Island. David Caute (1936-), The Fellow-Travellers: A Postscript to the Enlightenment; rev. ed. pub. in 1988 as "The Fellow-Travellers: Intellectual Friends of Communism". Sir Kenneth Clark (1903-83), Blake and Visionary Art. Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), Profiles of the Future (essays); rev. of the 1962 ed.; adds his Third Law: "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic"; in 1999 he adds his Fourth Law: "For every expert there is an equal and opposite expert"; the idea that magic and technology are ultimately equal turns both sci-fi and fantasy writers on, confusing the genres, with Larry Niven uttering the soundbyte "Any sufficiently advanced magic is indistinguishable from technology." Alistaire Cooke (1908-2004), Alistair Cooke's America (2M copies); based on the BBC-TV series. Malcolm Cowley (1898-1989), A Second Flowering: Works and Days of the Lost Generation; Am. writers born between 1894-1900, incl. E.E. Cummings (1894-1962), F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940), John Dos Passos (1896-1970), William Faulkner (1897-1962), Thornton Wilder (1897-1975), Hart Crane (1899-1932), and Thomas Wolfe (1900-38), who produce the 2d Am. Lit. Renaissance after the first one in the 1850s. Harvey Gallagher Cox Jr. (1929-), The Seduction of the Spirit: The Use and Misuse of People's Religion. Martin L. van Creveld, Hitler's Strategy 1940-1941: The Balkan Clue; minimizes Hitler's invasion of the Balkans as a factor in his defeat by the Soviets because the spring thaw in E Europe was worse than the fall mud. Mary Daly (1928-2010), Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women's Liberation; tries to take the maleness from God. Douglas Day (1932-2004), Malcolm Lowry, a Biography; "Under the Volcano" novelist Malcolm Lowry (1909-57). Midge Decter (1927-), The New Chastity and Other Arguments Against Women's Liberation. Morton Deutsch (1920-), The Resolution of Conflict: Constructive and Destructive Processes. Jared Mason Diamond (1937-), Distributional Ecology of New Guinea Birds; discovers that similar birds occur in gradations where each bird is 30% larger than its smaller relatives in all dimensions, which later is shown to apply to inanimate objects. Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-75), Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution; disses Bible creationism while supporting theistic evolution so he can stay a devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church, becoming the mantra of the keep-Creation-out-of-public-schools lobby; the reality that the facts of biology are interrelated proves evolution and not a Creator who used a common design kit?; "I am a creationist and an evolutionist. Evolution is God's, or Nature's method of creation. Creation is not an event that happened in 4004 B.C.; it is a process that began some 10 billion years ago and is still under way" - I know, I was there? Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices; "Business enterprises and public-service institutions as well are organs of society". W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963), Correspondence (3 vols.) (1973-8) (posth.); ed. by Herbert Aptheeker. Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-) and Deidre English (1948-), Complaints and Disorders: The Sexual Politics of Sickness. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Australian Religions: An Introduction (June 22). Richard Anderson Falk (1930-) and Saul H. Mendlovitz, Regional Politics and World Order (Dec. 6). Antony Flew (1923-), Body, Mind and Death; Crime or Disease. Nancy Friday (1937-), My Secret Garden: Women's Sexual Fantasies. Erich Fromm (1900-80), The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness; dat ole killer ape theory. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller; Earth, Inc.. John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006), Economics and the Public Purpose; adovocates a "new socialism" incl. nationalization of health care and defense industries along with wage-price controls. Peter Gay (193-2015) and Robert Kiefer Webb, Modern Europe: since 1815. The Enlightenment: A Comprehensive Anthology. Barry Gifford (1946-), Kerouac's Town; photos by Marshall Clements. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Sir Horace Rumbold: Portrait of a Diplomat, 1869-1941. George F. Gilder (1939-), Sexual Suicide; claims that welfare and feminism broke the "sexual constitution" that subordinated men to women as fathers and providers and kept them out of predatory sex, war, and the hunt; rev. ed. pub. in 1986. Rosey Grier (1932-), Rosey Grier's Needlepoint for Men (Jan. 1) - if you don't have the Internet yet? Uta Hagen (1919-2004), Respect for Acting; becomes std. acting textbook. Michael Harrington (1928-89), Fragments of the Century. Stephen W. Hawking (1942-2018) and G.F.R. Ellis, The Large-Scale Structure of Space-Time. Jack Hawkins (1910-73), Anything for a Quiet Life (autobio.) (posth.). Marcella Hazan (1924-2013), The Classic Italian Cookbook; introduces U.S. and U.K. audiences to traditional Italian cooking. Carolyn Heilbrun (1926-2003), Toward a Recognition of Androgyny: Aspects of Male and Female in Literature; fixed gender roles should be replaced by a combo approach? Lillian Hellman (1905-84), Pentimento (autobio.); incl. "Julia", a fictional creation drawn from the bio. of psychoanalyst Muriel Gardiner, who later accuses her of lifting her life story, resulting in the 1977 film "Julia" - Hellman's mayo with pimento? Chester Himes (1909-84), The Quality of Hurt: The Early Years (autobio.). Edward Hoagland (1932-), Walking the Dead Diamond River. John P. Holdren (1944-), Paul Ralph Ehrlich (1932-), and Anne Howland Ehrlich (1933-), Human Ecology; calls for the U.S. to be "de-developed" to stop overpopulation, with the soundbytes: "Only one rational path is open to us - simultaneous de-development of the [overdeveloped countries] and semi-development of the underdeveloped countries (UDC's), in order to approach a decent and ecologically sustainable standard of living for all in between. By de-development we mean lower per-capita energy consumption, fewer gadgets, and the abolition of planned obsolescence"; "The fetus, given the opportunity to develop properly before birth, and given the essential early socializing experiences and sufficient nourishing food during the crucial early years after birth, will ultimately develop into a human being"; proposes the formula I=PAT, environmental impact equals pop. times affluences times technology - as if American aborigines didn't leave big messes too? Michael Holroyd (1935-), Unreceived Opinions. Townsend Hoopes (1922-2004), The Devil and John Foster Dulles: The Diplomacy of the Eisenhower Era A.E. Hotchner (1920-), King of the Hill (autobio.); his poor childhood in St. Louis. John D. Houston (1933-) and Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston (1934-), Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience During and After the World War II Internment. Irving Howe (1920-93), The Critical Point: On Literature and Culture; disses Kate Millett, Ezra Pound, and Philip Roth - goodbye? Arianna Huffington (1950-), The Female Woman; Cambridge U. grad claims that the women's lib movement denies or ignores women's desires for intimacy, children, and a family. David Irving (1938-), The Rise and Fall of the Luftwaffe; focuses on German field marshal Erhard Milch (1892-1972). Michael F. Jacobson (1943-), How Sodium Nitrite Can Affect Your Health; vegetarian activist warns about pesky frankfurters. Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-), Ideology and Politics in Contemporary China. Haynes Johnson (1931-) and Richard Harwood, Lyndon. Pauline Kael (1919-2001), Deeper Into Movies. Alfred Kazin (1915-98), Bright Book of Life; sequel to "On Native Grounds" (1942); U.S. fiction from 1940-71. Maj. Donald E. Keyhoe (1897-1988), Aliens from Space: The Real Story of Unidentified Flying Objects; proposes Operation Lure to lure ETs to Earth. Adi J. Khambata, Introduction to Large-Scale Integration; 10K components on a 1 sq. cm. chip. Anne Koedt, Ellen Levine, and Anita Rapone (eds.), Radical Feminism (Oct.). Arthur Koestler (1905-83), The Roots of Coincidence (Aug. 12); sequel to "The Case of the Midwife Toad" (1971); The Lion and the Ostrich. Christopher Lasch (1932-94), The World of Nations: Reflections on American History, Politics, and Culture. Timothy Leary (1920-96), Neurologic; describes his Eight-Circuit Model of Consciousness, eight brains that operate within the human nervous system, incl. the oral biosurvival circuit, emotional-territorial circuit, symbolic/neorosemantic-dexterity (time-binding) circuit, domestic/socio-sexual circuit, neurosomatic (rapture) circuit, neuroelectric/metaprogramming (telepathic) circuit, neurogenetic/morphogenetic (collective unconscious) circuit, and the psychoatomic/quantum nonlocal (overmind) circuit. Sam Levenson (1911-80), In One Era and Out the Other. Denise Levertov (1923-97), The Poet in the World. Meyer Levin (1905-81), The Obsession (autobio.); his 20-year battle over the suppression of his version of "The Diary of Anne Frank". Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), From Honey to Ashes. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), Islam in History: Ideas, Men, and Events in the Middle East. Grace Lichtenstein (1942-), A Long Way Baby: Behind the Scenes in Women's Pro Tennis (Dec. 31). Jethro K. Lieberman, How the Government Breaks the Law - I think he's got a point? Robert Jay Lifton (1926-) and Eric Olson, Living and Dying. Anne Morrow Lindbergh (1906-2001), Hour of Gold, Hour of Lead: Diaries and Letters of Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1929-1932 (autobio.); her marriage to Charles Lindbergh Sr. and murder of their son Charles Jr. Bernard Lonergan (1904-84), Method in Theology. Alexander Luria (1902-77), The Working Brain: An Introduction to Neuropsychology; claims "three principal functional units of the brain whose participation is necessary for any type of mental activity", incl. the Waking Unit, the Info. Processing Unit, and the Mental Activity Unit. Peter Maas (1929-2001), Serpico: The Cop Who Defied the System; filmed in 1973. Dave MacPherson, The Unbelievable Pre-Trib Origin; claims that the Christian evangelical Pre-Tribulation Rapture doctrine originated in spring 1830 with Scottish teenie Margaret Macdonald, and was later covered-up by Dallas Seminary and Hal Lindsey; first in a series going for decades. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), Marilyn: A Biography. Jackson Turner Main (1917-2003), Political Parties Before the Constitution; the localists vs. the cosmopolitans; The Sovereign States, 1775-1788. William Manchester (1922-2004), The Glory and the Dream: A Narrative History of America, 1932-1972 (2 vols); the Depression generation. Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973), Tragic Wisdom and Beyond. Joyce Maynard (1953-), Looking Back: A Chronicle of Growing Up Old in the Sixties; how her 60s generation aged too fast; based on her 1972 article "An Eighteen-Year-Old Looks Back on Life"; "We were dragged through the mud of Relevance and Grim Reality and now we have a certain tough, I've-been-there attitude. We're tired, often more from boredom than exertion, old without being wise, worldly not from seeing the world but from watching it on television." Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), World Culture and the Black Experience. Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-) and Hasu Patel (eds.), Africa in World Affairs: The Next Thirty Years. John McPhee (1931-), The Deltoid Pumpkin Seed; the Aereon, a hybrid combo aerodyne/aerostat airship. Kate Millett (1934-), The Prostitution Papers: A Candid Dialogue; defends ho rights. Kenneth Minogue (1930-2013), The Concept of a University. Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), Small Talk: Memories of an Edwardian Childhood (autobio.) (May 31). Jurgen Moltmann (1926-), The Gospel of Liberation. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Born to Heal: The Astonishing Story of Mr. A and the Ancient Art of Healing with Life Energies. John Robert Morris (1913-77), The Age of Arthur: A History of the British Isles from 350 to 650; the first attempt by a prof. historian to chronicle the Celtic civilization of the British Isles and Brittany during and after the Roman occupation, attempting to please King Arthur lovers by claiming his historicity; too bad, a review by David Dumville attacks its methodology, and other reviewers expose it as "a tangled tissue of fact and fantasy which is both misleading and misguided", hurting his rep. with fellow historians, which doesn't stop the public from eating it up. Albert Murray (1916-), The Hero and the Blues. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Strong Opinions. Joseph Needham (1900-95), Chinese Science: Explorations of an Ancient Tradition. Cathleen Nesbitt (1888-1982), A Little Love and Good Company (autobio.). Mildred Newman (1920-81), Bernard Berkowitz, and Jean Owen, How to Be Your Own Best Friend; bestseller about how to give up childhood and accept maturity. Nigel Nicolson (1917-2004), Portrait of a Marriage: Vita Sackville-West and Harold Nicolson; his swinging bi parents Sir Harold Nicolson (1886-1968) and Vita Sackville-West (1892-1962) and their open marriage gay-lez love affairs, incl. Violet Trefusis, for whom Vita leaves Harold for awhile. Tim O'Brien (1946-), If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Send Me Home (first novel); Vietnam War "autofiction", after which he sets out to write the "Red Badge of Courage" for Vietnam; "Can the foot soldier teach anything important about war, merely for having been there? I think not. He can tell war stories." Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-) and Claudio Naranjo (1932-), On the Psychology of Meditation. Elaine Pagels (1943-), The Johannine Gospel in Gnostic Exegesis: Heracleon's Commentary on John. Raphael Patai (1910-96), The Arab Mind; rev. 1983, 2002; calls Arabs lazy, sex-obsessed, and apt to turn violent over the slightest provocation. Joseph Chilton Pearce (1926-), The Crack in the Cosmic Egg: Challenging Constructs of Mind and Reality; defines culture as a cosmic egg structured by the mind's drive for logical ordering of the Universe, and promoting the heart or compassionate mind as a brain function equal in stature to the thalamus, prefontal cortext, and lower brain. Richard Allen Posner (1939-), Economic Analysis of Law; becomes a std. textbook, making him the most cited legal scholar of the 20th cent. Ezra Pound (1885-1972), Selected Prose 1909-1965 (posth.). John Enoch Powell (1912-98), Common Market: Renegotiate or Come Out; No Easy Answers. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), Balzac. Kathleen Raine (1908-2003), Farewell Happy Fields: Memories of Childhood (autobio.). Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), The Elastic Retort: Essays in Literature and Ideas. Joan Robinson (1903-83), An Introduction to Modern Economics. Richard Rose (1917-2005), The Albigen Papers; a "practical subtractive system" based on the "spiritual quantum"; he ultimately becomes critical of Zen and the New Age movement. Henry Rosovsky (1927-) and K. Ohkawa, Japanese Economic Growth. Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto; The Essential Von Mises. Rousas John Rushdoony (1916-2001), The Institutes of Biblical Law (3 vols.); title is a takeoff on Calvin's 1536 "Institutes of the Christian Religion"; his magnus opus, founding Christian Reconstructionism, arguing for a new society (theonomy) built on retro Christian principles of Calvin and the Bible that restore grim Mosaic Law incl. the death penalty for incest, adultery, homosexuality, blasphemy, witchcraft, idolatry, apostasy, even striking one's parents; "The heresy of democracy has since then worked havoc in church and state... Christianity and democracy are inevitably enemies"; "Christianity is completely and radically anti-democratic; it is committed to spiritual aristocracy"; [Democracy is "the great love of the failures and cowards of life"; in 1965 he founded the Chalcedon Foundation think tank that spawns and supports the political aspirations of the New Christian Right incl. Jerry Falwell, Pat Robertson et al. Conrad Russell (1937-2004), The Origins of the English Civil War. Oliver Wolf Sacks (1933-2015), Awakenings; filmed in 1990 starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro. Carl Sagan (1934-96), The Cosmic Connection: An Extraterrestrial Perspective. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (1917-2007), The Imperial Presidency; a history of the U.S. presidency starting with Washington, warning of the arrival of "a conception of presidential power so spacious and peremptory as to imply a radical transformation of the traditional polity". Flora Rheta Schreiber (1918-88), Sybil: The Classic True Story of a Woman Possessed by Sixteen Personalities; bestseller (6M copies) about shy grad student Sybil Isabel Dorsett, whose real name is Shirley Ardell Mason (1923-98), and has DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder) (Multiple Personality Disorder) (Split Personality Disorder), 16 personalities incl. Victoria (Vicky), Peggy Lou (breaks glass), Mary (grandmother thinking), Vanessa; counseled by Dr. Cornelia Wilbur, who unifies her; filmed in 1976 starring Sally Field; in 1980 the Am. Psychiatric Assoc. officially recognizes DID, causing diagnoses to soar from 100 before this book is pub. to the thousands, leading to abuses incl. hysterical claims fo Satanic ritual abuse, after which in 1997 the APA issues a cautionary note, followed by a declaration in 1994 by the Am. Medical Assoc. (AMA) that recovered memories are "fraught with problems of potential misapplication"; in 1997 the British Royal College of Psychiatrists advises against the use of techniques to elicit recovered memories of abuse - then one day you turn on your radio and everything changes? Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (1911-77), Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered; bestseller about "Buddhist economics"; how Intermediate (Appropriate) Technology, i.e., small-scale, labor-intensive, decentralized, energy-efficient, environmentally-friendly, locally-controlled technology ("smallness within bigness") will produce adequate economic growth without dehumanizing workers. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), Inflation or Gold Standard; disses the Nixon abandonment of the gold standard. Ivan van Sertima, They Came Before Columbus; claims that fleets from Mali regularly sailed to America between 1307-12; snubbed by historians. Martin Seymour-Smith (1928-98), Guide to Modern World Literature; becomes a classic of English lit. criticism, knocking T.S. Eliot, Ted Hughes, John Fowles, Muriel Spark, C.P. Snow, and Malcolm Bradbury, and praising Anthony Powell. Louis Sheaffer (1912-93), O'Neill, Son and Artist (Pulitzer Prize); sequel to "O'Neill: Son and Playwright" (1968). Gail Sheehy (1937-), Hustling: Prostitution in Our Wide Open Society; Big Apple hos. Allan Sherman (1924-73), The Rape of the A*P*E (Sept.); disses Am. Puritanism and its sexual repression. Peter Singer (1946-), Democracy and Disobedience. Richard Slotkin (1942-), Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600-1860; the transformation of the nat. self-image from hunter-hero to frontier settler; "The dominant themes of the Frontier Myth are those that center on the conception of American history as a heroic-scale Indian war, pitting race against race; and the central concern of the mythmakers is with the problem of reaching the 'end of the Frontier'. Both of these themes are brought together in the 'Last Stand' legend, which is the central fable of the industrial or 'revised' Myth of the Frontier"; first in a trilogy (1985, 1992). Robert Sobel (1931-99), Machines and Morality: The 1850s; The Money Manias: The Eras of Great Speculation in America, 1770-1970. Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), The Gulag Archipelago, 1918-1956 (3 vols.) (Dec. 28); written in 1958-68; English trans. pub. in 1974; denounces the Soviet penal system as oh what a poor show, helping to bring Soviet Communism down like a slow poison; too bad, it's full of deliberate lies? George Steiner (1929-), The Sporting Scene: White Knights of Reykjavik. Fritz Stern (1926-), The Failure of Illiberalism (essays). Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), An Ethic for Christians and Other Aliens in a Strange Land. Hugh Thomas (1931-), Europe: The Radical Challenge. Hunter S. Thompson (1937-2005), Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72. Germaine Tillion (1907-2008), Ravensbruck: An Eyewitness Account of a Women's Concentration Camp (autobio.). Peter Tompkins (1919-2007) and Christopher Bird (1928-96), The Secret Life of Plants: A Fascinating Account of the Physical, Emotional, and Spiritual Relations Between Plants and Man; claims that polygraph tests on plants prove that they are sentient, with the soundbyte that they "might originate in a supramaterial world of cosmic beings which, as fairies, elves, gnomes, sylphs, and a host of other creatures, were a matter of direct vision and experience to clairvoyants among the Celts and other sensitives." Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975) (ed.), Half the World: The History and Culture of China and Japan. Philip Toynbee (1916-81), The Age of the Spirit: Religion as Experience. James Trager, Amber Waves of Grain: The Secret Russian Wheat Sales That Sent American Food Prices Soaring. Margaret Truman (1924-2008), Harry S. Truman. Adam Bruno Ulam (1922-2000), Stalin: The Man and His Era; becomes std. bio. of Stalin. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Homage to Daniel Shays: Collected Essays: 1952-1972; incl. "The Holy Family" (1967) (about the Kennedy family). Richard Clement Wade (1921-2008) and Harold Melvin Mayer (1916-78), Chicago: Growth of a Metropolis (May). Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81), A New Creation? Reflections on the Environmental Issue. Sherwood Washburn (1911-2000), Ape Into Man: A Study of Human Evolution. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, God's Kingdom of a Thousand Years Has Approached; "An examination of much evidence in the Holy Bible and Twentieth-century World History on whether God's Millennial Kingdom will begin in blessings within our own generation... (Rev. 20:4,6)"; bolsters the belief that Armageddon is coming in this decade, causing a rush of new members, followed by a great defection after it doesn't pan out, after which the sect never again tries to guess a date; "Although the Bible was written by men, mere imperfect men, as secretaries or amanuenses, that sacred Book does not in its own pages claim to be the word of man. It is the work of divine inspiration, and so it is written over the name of 'the Most High himself, and the One living to time indefinite'. To this modern day of ours He takes the responsibility for what it says about the past and of the future before us." Alan W. Watts (1915-73), Cloud Hidden, Whereabouts Unknown: A Mountain Journal. John Harvey Wheeler (1918-2004), Beyond the Punitive Society: Operant Conditioning: Social and Political Aspects. Sir John W. Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75) and Lord Frank Pakenham Longford (eds.), The History Makers. Theodore Harold White (1915-86), The Making of the President, 1972. Dave Wilkerson (1931-2011), The Vision; Am. Christian evangelist sees the U.S. going down the tubes, ending with an invasion by Russia; "Worldwide recession caused by economic confusion"; "Nature having labor pains"; "A flood of filth and a baptism of dirt in America"; "Rebellion in the home"; "A persecution madness against truly Spirit filled Christians who love Jesus Christ". Emlyn Williams (1905-87), Emlyn (autobio.). Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), The Country and the City. William Appleman Williams (1921-90), History as a Way of Learning: Articles, Excerpts, and Essays. Garry Wills (1934-), Values Americans Live By. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Sex and Drugs: A Journey Beyond Limits. Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), The New Journalism (essays); fictionalized nonfiction has replaced the novel of social realism? - whatever your story is, your city card can help you write it? Howard Zinn (1922-2010), Postwar America: 1945-1971. Art: Leonard Baskin (1922-2000), Isaac (bronze sculpture). Marc Chagall (1887-1985), St. Paul Gardens (Jardins de St. Paul). Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-), Cleopatra's Cape (bronze sculpture). Lucien Coutaud (1904-77), Les Dormeuses Marines. Salvador Dali (1904-89), Portrait of Alice Cooper's Brain (First Cylindric Chromo-Hologram). Richard Diebenkorn (1922-93), Ocean Park No. 67. Jean Dubuffet (1901-85), Enamel Garden (sculpture). Philip Guston (1913-80), Painting, Smoking, Eating. Duane Hanson (1925-96), Young Shopper (sculpture); Woman with Suitcases (sculpture). Anselm Kiefer (1945-), Father, Son, Holy Ghost; three burning figures on chairs - I hate fumbling around for condiments? Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Jazz Band; La Vida Allende la Muerte; Senile d'Incertitude; Migration des Revoltes; Hom'mer (Chaosmos) (etchings). Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), Wave Painting. Bruce Nauman (1941-), Pay Attention. Alice Neel (1900-84), The Soyer Brothers. Fairfield Porter (1907-75), A Sudden Change of Wind. Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), Sor Aqua (sculpture consisting of a corrugated metal shape resembling a grasshopper suspended over a bathtub). James Rosenquist (1933-), Snow Fence. George Segal (1924-2000), Picasso's Chair (plaster of Paris sculpture). Robert Smithson (1938-73), Amarillo Ramp (earthwork sculpture). Feliks Topolski (1907-89), Piccadilly Circus. Music: 10cc, 10cc (album) (debut) (July); incl. Rubber Bullets, The Dean and I (#10 in the U.K.), Johnny Don't Do It. ABBA, Ring Ring (album) (debut) (Mar. 26); incl. Ring Ring, People Need Love. Aerosmith, Aerosmith (album) (debut) (Jan. 13); incl. Steve Tyler (Steven Victor Tallarico) (1948-) ("The Demon of Screamin'") (vocals), Anthony Joseph "Joe" Perry (1950-) (guitar), Bradley Ernest "Brad" Whitford (1952-) (guitar), Thomas Wiliam "Tom" Hamilton (1951-) (bass), Joseph Michael "Joey" Kramer (1950-) (drums); AKA "The Bad Boys from Boston", "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band"; name is a play on Sinclair Lewis' novel "Arrowsmith" and Harry Nilsson's "Aerial Ballet" album; incl. Dream On, Mama Kin, Walkin' the Dog. Ten Years After, Recorded Live (double album) (June). The Allman Brothers Band, Brothers and Sisters (album #5) (Aug.) (#1 in the U.S.); first without bassist Berry Oakley and with pianist Chuck Leavell; incl. Ramblin' Man (#2 in the U.S.), Jessica, Southbound, Pony Boy. Gregg Allman (1947-), Laid Back (album) (debut); incl. Midnight Rider (#19 in the U.S.), Queen of Hearts, These Days (by Jackson Browne), Will the Circle Be Unbroken. America, Hat Trick (album #3) (Oct. 19); incl. Don't Cross the River, Only in Your Heart, Muskrat Love. Argent, In Deep (album #4); incl. God Gave Rock and Roll to You. Joan Baez (1941-), Where Are You Now, My Son? (album); about her Dec. 1972 visit to Hanoi. The Band, Moondog Matinee (album #6) (Oct. 15). Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Bio (album). Sir John Betjeman (1906-84), Banana Blush (album). David Bowie (1947-2016) and the Spiders from Mars, Aladdin Sane (album) (Apr.) (#17 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); "Ziggy goes to America"; first #1 album in the U.K.; incl. Aladdin Sane, The Jean Genie, Drive-In Saturday, Let's Spend the Night Together; claims to permanently retire on July 3 after a show at the Hammersmith Odeon in London, but he only means his group; Pin Ups (album) (Oct.); incl. Sorrow. The James Boys, Over and Over. Bonnie Bramlett (1944-), Sweet Bonnie Bramlett (album); backed by the Average White Band. Teresa Brewer (1931-2007) with Duke Ellington and His Orchestra, It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing (album). Benjamin Britten (1913-76), Death in Venice (opera) (last opera) (Aldeburgh, England) (June 16); dedicated to Peter Pears. Savoy Brown, Lion's Share (album #9). Jackson Browne (1948-), For Everyman (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Redneck Friend. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean (album) (June); incl. He Went to Paris, Grapefruit - Juicy Fruit, Why Don't We Get Drunk (and Screw). The Byrds, Byrds (album) (Mar. 15); the original quintet. Can, Future Days (album); last with Damo Suzuki; incl. Future Days, Bel Air, Moonshake. The Carpenters, Now and Then (album #5) (May 9) (#20 in the U.S.); incl. Sing (written for "Sesame Street"), This Masquerade. Elliott Cook Carter Jr. (1908-), String Quartet No. 3 (New York) (Jan. 23) (Pulitzer Prize) (No. 2 also won in 1960). Johnny Cash (1932-2003), Ghost Riders in the Sky; written in 1948 by Stan Jones (1914-63); Any Old Wind That Blows (album #44) (Jan.) (#5 country) (#188 in the U.S.); incl. Any Old Wind That Blows (by Dick Feller) (#3 country), Oney (#2 country), If I Had a Hammer (by Pete Seeger and Lee Hays) (#29 country). Ray Charles (1930-2004), Come Live With Me; I Can Make It Thru the Days (But Oh Those Lonely Nights). Cher (1946-), Bittersweet White Light (album #9) (Apr.); last with Sonny Bono; incl. Am I Blue; Half-Breed (album #10) (Oct. 27); sells 10M; incl. Half-Breed. Chicago, Chicago VI (album #5) (June 25) (#1 in the U.S.) (2M copies); #2 of five straight U.S. #1 albums; doesn't chart in the U.K.; recorded in the new Caribou Studios in Nederland, Colo. after leaving New York City; first with drummer Laudir de Oliveira; incl. Feelin' Stronger Every Day" (#10 in the U.S.), Just You 'N' Me (#4 in the U.S.). Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), Live Songs (album) (May). Judy Collins (1939-), True Stories and Other Dreams (album #11) (Jan.) (#27 in the U.S.); incl. Cook With Honey (by Valerie Carter), The Hostage (by Tom Paxton) (about the 1971 Attica Prison riots), Fisherman Song (which she later performs on "Sesame Street"). Rita Coolidge (1945-) and Kris Kristofferson (1936-), Full Moon (album #2); their first duo album together; incl. Song I'd Like to Sing. Alice Cooper (1948-), Billion Dollar Babies (album #6) (Feb. 25) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); incl. Billion Dollar Babies (#57 in the U.S.), No More Mr. Nice Guy (#25 in the U.S.), Hello Hooray (#35 in the U.S.), I Love the Dead, Elected (#26 in the U.S.) (video features a fake Nixon); Muscle of Love (album #7) (Nov. 20) (#10 in the U.S.); last by original Alice Cooper band; cover is corrugated cardboard with a printed stain along the bottom; incl. Muscle of Love, Teenage Lament '74 (#48 in the U.S.), Man With the Golden Gun (rejected for the 1974 James Bond 007 movie). King Crimson, Larks' Tongues in Aspic (album #6) (Mar. 23); Robert Fripp, John Wetton (bass), David Cross (violin), Jamie Muir (percussion), Bill Bruford (drums), Richard Palmer-James (lyrics); incl. Easy Money. Jim Croce (1943-73), Life and Times (album #4) (Jan.); incl. Bad, Bad Leroy Brown, Alabama Rain; I Got a Name (album #5) (Dec. 1); incl. I Got a Name (#10 in the U.S.), I'll Have to Say I Love You in a Song (#9 in the U.S.); too bad, on Sept. 20 he dies in a plane crash, leaving wife Ingrid and son Adrian J. Croce. Seals and Crofts, Diamond Girl (album #5) (Aug.); incl. Diamond Girl (#5 in the U.S.), We May Never Pass This Way Again. Blue Oyster Cult, Tyranny and Mutation (album #2); incl. Hot Rails to Hell, Baby Ice Dog. Steely Dan, Countdown to Ecstasy (album #2) (July); incl. Show Biz Kids, My Old School. Charlie Daniels (1936-2020), Honey in the Rock (album) (May); incl. Uneasy Rider (#9 in the U.S.). Grateful Dead, History of the Grateful Dead (album) (July 13); their Fillmore East gig on Feb. 13-14, 1970; Wake of the Flood (album #6) (Oct. 15); first under their own label. John Denver (1943-97), Farewell Andromeda (album #7) (June) (#16 in the U.S.); incl. Farewell Andromeda (Welcome to My Morning) (#89 in the U.S.), I'd Rather Be a Cowboy (#62 in the U.S.), Please, Daddy (Don't Get Drunk This Christmas) (#69 in the U.S.), Angel from Montgomery (by John Prine). Edison Denisov (1929-96), The Life in Red (La Vie en Rouge); text by Boris Vian. Sandy Denny (1947-78), Like An Old Fashioned Waltz (album) (June); incl. Like an Old Fashioned Waltz. Rick Derringer (1947-), All American Boy (album) (solo debut); incl. Rock and Roll, Hoochie Koo. Donovan (1946-), Cosmic Wheels (album #10) (Mar.); his last top 40 album; incl. Cosmic Wheels; Live in Japan: Spring Tour 1973 (album); Essence to Essence (album #11) (Dec.). Doobie Brothers, The Captain and Me (album #3) (Mar. 2) (#7 in the U.S.) incl. Long Train Runnin' (#8 in the U.S.), China Grove (#15 in the U.S.), Without You, Ukiah, South City Midnight Lady, Clear As the Driven Snow. Tangerine Dream, Atem (album #4) (Mar.); incl. Atem. Bob Dylan (1941-), Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid Soundtrack (album) (July 16); incl. Knockin' on Heaven's Door (#3 in the U.S.); Dylan (album #13) (Nov. 19). Eagles, Desperado (album #2) (Apr. 17); about the Doolin-Dalton Gang; incl. Desperado, Tequila Sunrise. Golden Earring, Moontan (album) (July); named after Jan Vermeer's painting "The Girl with the Golden Earring"; from The Hague, incl. George Kooymans (1948-) and Rinus Gerritsen (1945-); incl. Radar Love. Alton Ellis (1938-2008), Still in Love (album); incl. I'm Still in Love With You (Girl). Cass Elliot (1941-74), Don't Call Me Mama Anymore (album #8) (last album) (Sept. 28); incl. Don't Call Me Mama Anymore, I'll Be Seeing You. ELO, ELO 2 (album #2) (Feb.) (original title "The Lost Planet"); debut of Richard Tandy; sans Roy Wood, who formed Wizzard in 1972; incl. Roll Over Beethoven; On the Third Day (album #3); incl. Showdown, In the Hall of the Mountain King. Brian Eno (1948-), Here Come the Warm Jets (album) (solo debut) (Jan.); launches his career as "the Father of Ambient Music"; incl. Here Come the Warm Jets, Needles in the Camel's Eye. David Essex (1947-), Rock On; Lamplight. Family, It's Only a Movie (album #8) (last album) (Sept.); incl. It's Only a Movie. Little Feat, Dixie Chicken (album #3) (Jan. 25); incl. Dixie Chicken; becomes their signature song. Earth, Wind, and Fire, Head to the Sky (album #4) (May) (#27 in the U.S.) (1M copies); incl. Evil (#50 in the U.S.), Keep Your Head to the Sky (#52 in the U.S.). Roberta Flack (1937-), Killing Me Softly (With His Song); written by Charles Fox and Norman Gimbel; based on her reaction to Don McLean's 8.5 min. "American Pie"? Pink Floyd, The Dark Side of the Moon (album) (Mar. 17); original title "Eclipse"; spends a record 741 weeks on the Billboard Top 200 (until 1988) and sells 45M copies; Nicholas Berkeley "Nick" Mason (1944-), (drums), Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett (1946-2006) (guitar), David Jon Gilmour (1946-) (guitar), George Roger Waters (1943-) (bass), Richard William "Rick" Wright (1943-2008) (keyboards); incl. Money, Time, Brain Damage, Us and Them, The Great Gig in the Sky (featuring Clare Torry). John Fogerty (1945-), The Blue Ridge Rangers (album). Foghat, Rock and Roll (album #2); cover features a photo of a rock and a roll of bread; incl. Ride, Ride, Ride. Peter Frampton (1950-), Frampton's Camel (album #2) (Oct. 20); recorded at Electric Lady Studios in New York City; incl. Do You Feel Like We Do. Aretha Franklin (1942-2018), Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do). Funkadelic, Cosmic Slop (album #5). The James Gang, Bang (album #6) (Sept. 1); incl. Standing in the Rain, Ride the Wind. Kool and the Gang, Good Times (album #5) (Jan.); incl. Good Times. Marvin Gaye (1939-84), Let's Get It On (album #12) (Aug. 28); composed in response to physical abuse by his preacher father Marvin Gay Sr., resulting in impotence; incl. Let's Get It On, You Sure Love to Ball, Just to Keep You Satisfied. Bee Gees, Life in a Tin Can (album #9) (Jan.); incl. Saw a New Morning (#1 in Hong Kong). Genesis, Genesis Live (first live album) (July 27) (#9 in the U.K.); Selling England by the Pound (album #5) (Oct. 12.) (#3 in the U.K.); incl. Dancing with the Moonlight Knight, I Know What I Like (In Your Wardrobe), Firth of Fith. Looking Glass, Subway Serenade (album #2) (last album); incl. Jimmy Loves Mary-Anne. Gypsy, Unlock the Gates (album #4) (last). Bobby Goldsboro (1941-), Summer (The First Time). Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Everybody's Had the Blues; If We Make It Through December (#1); becomes a recession anthem. Albert Hammond (1944-), The Free Electric Band; Rebecca. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Sextant (album #11); Head Hunters (album #12) (Oct. 13); incl. Chameleon, Watermelon Man. Edwards Hand, Rainshine (last album) (Jan. 1). Tim Hardin (1941-80), Nine (last album). Roy Harper (1941-), Lifemask (album #6). George Harrison (1943-2001), Living in the Material World (album) (May 30); he develops a Jesus complex complete with the look?; incl. Living in the Material World, Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth), The Light That Has Lighted the World; Harrison founds the Material World Charitable Foundation with the royalties. Procol Harum, Grand Hotel (album #7) (Apr.); incl. Grand Hotel. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Live at Sahara Tahoe (double album); Joy (album); incl. Joy. Canned Heat, The New Age (album #7) (Mar. 9); first with James Shane and Ed Beyer; One More River to Cross (album #8). Uriah Heep, Sweet Freedom (album #6) (Sept.); incl. Sweet Freedom (#33 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.), Stealin'. Hans Werner Henze (1926-), Voices. Dan Hicks and His Hot Licks, Last Train to Hicksville (album). Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show, Cover of The Rolling Stone; gets them on the Mar. cover of guess what? Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 24 ("Majnun"), Op. 273; Symphony No. 25 ("Odysseus"), Op. 275. Hues Corporation, Freedom for the Stallion (album); incl. Rock the Boat; first disco record to reach #1 in the U.S. (July 1974)? Les Humphries Singers, Mama Loo; I'm From the South; Kentucky Dew; Carnival. The Isley Brothers, 3+3 (album) (Aug.) (#8 in the U.S.); their first platinum album; incl. Who's That Lady (#6 in the U.S.), What It Comes Down To (#55 in the U.S.), Summer Breeze (#60 in the U.S.). Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Music and Me (album #3) (Apr. 13); incl. With a Child's Heart. Millie Jackson (1944-), Hurts So Good (album #2); incl. It Hurts So Good. Jackson 5, Skywriter (album) (Mar.); incl. Skywriter, Corner of the Sky; G.I.T.: Get It Together (album) (Sept.); incl. Get It Together (#28 in the U.S.), Dancing Machine (#2 in the U.S.); a 1974 perf. on "Soul Train" features Michael Jackson debuting the robot dance. Billy Joel (1949-), Piano Man (album #2) (Nov. 6); sells 4M copies; incl. Piano Man (about his lounge singer job in the Executive Room in Los Angeles, Calif.), The Ballad of Billy the Kid, Captain Jack, You're My Home. Elton John (1947-), Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player (album #6) (Jan. 26); incl. Crocodile Rock (first #1 hit), Daniel; Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (album #7) (double album) (Oct. 5); sells 16M copies; incl. Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, Bennie and the Jets, Candle in the Wind (tribute to Marilyn Monroe AKA Norma Jean), Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting, Funeral for a Friend/ Love Lies Bleeding, Grey Seal, All the Girls Love Alice. John Kincade, Shine On Me Woman. The Kinks, The Great Lost Kinks Album (album); Preservation: Act 1 (album #11) (Nov. 16). Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, Imagination (album); first with Buddah Records; incl. Midnight Train to Georgia (#1 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.), I've Got to Use My Imagination (#4 in the U.S.), I Feel a Song (in My Heart) (#21 in the U.S.). Kraftwerk, Ralf and Florian (album #3) (Oct.); incl. Kristallo, Tongebirge. Labelle, Pressure Cookin' (album #3); a flop, although critics like it; incl. Last Dance, The Revolution Will Not Be Televised. Brenda Lee (1944-), Nobody Wins; Sunday Sunrise. John Lennon (1940-80), Mind Games (album #4) (Nov. 2) (#9 in the U.S., #13 in the U.K.); incl. Mind Games; after release, he separates from Yoko Ono for 18 mo. Thin Lizzy, Vagabonds of the Western World (album #3) (Sept. 21); incl. Vagabonds of the Western World, The Rocker. Loggins and Messina, Full Sail (album #3) (Oct.) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. My Music (#16 in the U.S.). Fleetwood Mac, Penguin (album #7) (Mar.); incl. Remember Me, Dissatisfied; Mystery to Me (album #8) (Oct. 15); last with Bob Weston; incl. Believe Me, Keep On Going, Hypnotized. Barry Manilow (1943-), Barry Manilow (album) (debut) (July 7); incl. Friends, Cloudburst, Could It Be Magic. Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Catch a Fire (album) (Island Records debut) (Apr. 13); makes Marley an internat. star; incl. Stir It Up, Slave Driver, 400 Years; Burnin' (album) (Oct. 18); last with Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer; incl. I Shot the Sheriff, Get Up, Stand Up. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Back to the World (album #3); Curtis in Chicago (album). Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings, Red Rose Speedway (album #2) (May 4); incl. Big Barn Bed, My Love, Loup (1st Indian on the Moon), Little Lamb Dragonfly; Band on the Run (album #3) (Dec. 5) (#1 album in the U.K. in 1974); incl. Band on the Run, Jet, Bluebird, Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Five. Maureen McGovern (1949-), The Morning After; theme from "The Poseidon Adventure" (#1 in the U.S.). Harold Melvin (1939-97) and the Blue Notes, The Love I Lost. Meadow, The Friend Ship (album) (debut); a flop; features Laura Branigan (1952-2004). Bette Midler (1945-), Bette Midler (album #2) (Nov. 16); incl. Skylark (Johnny Mercer and Hoagy Carmichael), Surabaya Johnny (Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill), In the Mood (Glenn Miller). Steve Miller Band, The Joker (album #8) (Oct.); incl. The Joker; Living in the U.S.A. (album); incl. Living in the USA. Ronnie Milsap (1943-), Where My Heart Is (album #2) (Sept.) (#5 country). Little Milton (1934-2005), Waiting for Little Milton. Van Morrison (1945-), Hard Nose the Highway (album #7) (Aug.); incl. Warm Love. Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Cosmic Cowboy Souvenir (album #2); incl. Cosmic Cowboy Pt. 1; Michael Murphey (album #3). Anne Murray (1945-), Danny's Song (album #7); incl. Danny's Song; written by Kenny Loggins. Roxy Music, For Your Pleasure (album #2) (Mar. 24); last with Brian Eno; incl. Do the Strand, Beauty Queen; Stranded (album #3) (#1 in the U.K.) (Nov. 1); incl. Street Life. These Foolish Things (album); incl. These Foolish Things. Graham Nash (1942-), Wild Tales (album #2) (Dec.); incl. Wild Tales, Another Sleep Song. Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Let Me Be There (album #2) (Dec.) (#54 in the U.S.); incl. Let Me Be There. Three Dog Night, Around the World with Three Dog Night (album #9) (Feb.); incl. Mama Told Me Not to Come (by Randy Newman); Cyan (album #10) (Oct.); incl. Shambala. Harry Nilsson (1941-94), A Little Touch of Schmilsson in the Night (album) (June). Luigi Nono (1924-90) and Yuri Lyubimov (1917-), Al Gran Sole Carico d'Amore (La Scala, Milan); big dramatic narrative in praise of 20th cent. Communism. Hall & Oates, Abandoned Luncheonette (album #2) (Nov. 3); incl. She's Gone. The O'Jays, For the Love of Money; used as the theme song for the TV reality series "The Apprentice". Michael Oldfield (1953-), Tubular Bells (album) (May 25); incl. Tubular Bells (theme from "The Exorcist"); big hit, helping launch Virgin Records, founded in 1972 by English entrepreneur Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (1950-) et al. Yoko Ono (1933-), Approximately Infinite Universe (album #3) (Jan. 29); Feeling the Space (album #4) (Nov. 23). Roy Orbison (1936-88), Blue Rain/ Sooner Or Later (Feb.); I Wanna Live/ You Lay So Easy On My Mind (Sept.). Tony Orlando (1944-) and Dawn, Tuneweaving (album #3); incl. Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree (written by Irwin Levine and L. Russell Brown); Knock Three Times, He Don't Love You (Like I Love You); Dawn's New Ragtime Follies (album #4); incl. Say, Has Anybody Seen My Sweet Gypsy Rose. Marie Osmond (1959-), Paper Roses; #1 in the U.S. Gilbert O'Sullivan (1946-), I'm a Writer Not a Fighter (album); incl. Get Down. Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Bachman-Turner Overdrive (album) (debut); formerly Brave Belt, from Winnipeg, Canada, incl. Randolph Charles "Randy" Bachman (1943-), Tim Bachman (1951-), Robbie Bachman (1953-), Charles Frederick "Fred" Turner (1943-), Billy Chapman, Blair Thornton (1950-), Garry Peterson (1945-) (drums), Jim Clench, Randy Murray; sell 20M+ albums; incl. Gimme Your Money Please. Bachman-Turner Overdrive II (album #2) (Dec.); trademark is "Heavy-duty sound"; incl. Takin' Care of Business. Gram Parsons (1946-73), GP (album) (solo debut) (Jan.); combines rock and country; incl. Streets of Baltimore. Billy Paul (1934-), War of the Gods (album); incl. War of the Gods. Plastic People of the Universe, Egon Bondy's Happy Hearts Club Banned (album) (debut); uses lyrics from poems by Czech Marxist poet Egon Bondy (1930-2007); from Prague, Czech. Repub., incl. Milan "Mejila" Hlavsa (1951-2001) (bass), Paul Wilson, Jan Brabec, Ivan Bierhanzi, Pavel Zeman. The Pointer Sisters, The Pointer Sisters (album) (debut) (Mar.); incl. Wang Dang Doodle, Yes We Can Can; from Oakland, Calif., incl. Ruth Pointer (1946-), Anita Pointer (1948-), Patricia Eva "Bonnie" Porter (1950-), and June Antoinette Pointer (1953-2006). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-) and Frank Zappa (1940-93), Over-Nite Sensation (album); Piquantique (album). Iggy Pop (1947-) and the Stooges, Raw Power (album) (Feb.); favorite album of Kurt Cobain; incl. Search and Destroy, Shake Appeal, Gimme Danger, I Need Somebody. Elvis Presley (1935-77), Separate Ways (album) (Jan.); incl. Separate Ways; Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite (album) (Feb.) (1M copies); Almost in Love (album) (Mar.); Steamroller Blues (Mar.); Elvis Recorded Live on Stage in Memphis (album) (July); Raised On Rock/ For Ol' Times Sake (Sept.); Raised On Rock (album) (Oct.); incl. Raised on Rock. Billy Preston (1946-2006), Everybody Likes Some Kind of Music (album #8) (Sept. 21); incl. Space Race, It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding) (by Bob Dylan). Jeanne Pruett (1937-), Satin Sheets (#1 country) (#28 in the U.S.); wakes country up after it had strayed too far into pop-oriented tunes. Deep Purple, Who Do We Think We Are (album #7); incl. Woman from Tokyo; Ian Gillan and Roger Glover quit, who are replaced by David Coverdale (1951-) and Glenn Hughes (1952-). Suzi Quatro (1950-), Suzi Quatro (album) (Oct.) (debut); Can the Can (#56 in the U.S., #1 in Europe and Australia) (1M copies) ("Make a stand for your man, honey, try to can the can/ "Put your man in the can, honey, get him while you can"/ "Can the can, can the can, if you can, well can the can"); 48 Crash (#3 in the U.K.) (1M copies); Daytona Demon. Queen, Queen (album) (debut) (July 13); formerly Smile; Freddie Mercury (Farrokh Bulsara) (1946-91) (vocals), Brian Harold May (1947-) (guitar), John Richard Deacon (1951-) (bass), Roger Taylor (1949-) (drums); incl. Keep Yourself Alive. Grand Funk Railroad, We're An American Band (album #7) (July); incl. We're An American Band (#1 in the U.S.), Walk Like a Man (#19 in the U.S.). Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Takin' My Time (album #3); incl. You've Been in Love Too Long. The Raspberries, Side 3 (album #3) (Oct.); incl. Tonight, I'm a Rocker. Helen Reddy (1941-), Long Hard Climb (album #4); incl. Delta Dawn (#1 in the U.S.), Leave Me Alone (Ruby Red Dress) (#3 in the U.S.). Lou Reed (1942-), Berlin (album #3) (July); a rock opera about a doomed couple into drug use; incl. Berlin, The Kids (her kids are taken away by the authorities); Caroline Says. Steve Reich (1936-), Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ; Six Pianos. Charlie Rich (1932-95), Behind Closed Doors (album); incl. Behind Closed Doors; The Most Beautiful Girl. Middle of the Road, Kailakee Kailako. Marty Robbins (1925-82), Walking Piece of Heaven. Tommy Roe (1942-), Working Class Hero (by John Lennon). Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Don't Cry Now (album #4); incl. Silver Threads and Golden Needles, Love Has No Pride. Rufus, Rufus (album) (debut) (#175 in the U.S.); from Chicago, Ill., incl. Chaka Khan (Yvette Marie Stevens) (1953-); incl. Feel Good, Whoever's Thrilling You (Is Killing Me). Black Sabbath, Sabbath Bloody Sabbath (album #5) (Dec. 1); incl. Spiral Architect, A National Acrobat. New Riders of the Purple Sage, The Adventures of Panama Red (album #4) (Oct.) (#55 in the U.S.); incl. Panama Red, Lonesome L.A. Cowboy, Kick in the Head . Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), Quiet Places (album); incl. Quiet Places. Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Village of the Pharaohs (album #8); incl. Village of the Pharaohs, Part 1. Love In Us All (album). Seatrain, Watch (album #4) (last album); they disband, and Peter Rowan and Richard form Muleskinner. Patrick Sky (1943-), Songs That Made America Famous (album #5); full of explicit satirical lyricsl incl. Luang Prabang ("Now I'm a fuckin' hero"). Lynyrd Skynyrd, Pronounced Leh-nerd Skin-nerd (album) (debut); named after gym teacher Leonard Skinner (1933-2010) for sending them to the principal's office of Robert E. Lee H.S. in Jacksonville, Fla. for having too long hair; from Jacksonville, Fla., incl. Steven Earl Gaines (1949-77), Ronald Wayne "Ronnie" Van Zant (1948-77), Larkin Allen Collins Jr. (1952-90), Garry Robert Rossington (1951-), Larry Junstrom (1949-) (bass), Bob Burns (1950-)/Thomas Delmer "Artimus" Pyle (1948-) (drums); incl. Free Bird, Tuesday's Gone, Gimme Three Steps ("Gimme three steps mister/Gimme three steps toward the door/And you won't see me no more"). Bob Seger (1945-), Back in '72 (album #5) (Jan.). Patrick Sky 91943-), Songs That Made America Famous (album); incl. Luang Prabang (by Dave Van Ronk) ("Now I'm a fuckin' hero"). Jimmie Spheeris (1949-84), The Original Tap Dancing Kid (album #2). REO Speedwagon, Ridin' the Storm Out (album #3); first with vocalist Mike Murphy. Bruce Springsteen (1949-), Greetings from Ashury Park, N.J. (album) (debut) (Jan. 5) (sells 25K copies the first year); incl. Blinded by the Light, Spirit in the Night. The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle (album #2) (Sept. 11); incl. 4th of July, Asbury Park, Rosalita (Come Out Tonight). Terry Stafford (1941-96), Amarillo by Morning (#31 country). Ringo Starr (1940-), Ringo (album #3) (Nov. 2) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. You're Sixteen (by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman) (Jan.) (#1 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.) (features a kazoo solo by Paul McCartney) (video features Carrie Fisher), Photograph (#1 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.), Oh My My (#5 in the U.S.), I'm the Greatest (written by John Lennon, featuring Lennon on piano, George Harrison on guitar, Billy Preston on organ, and Klaus Voormann on bass). Status Quo, Hello! (album #6) (Sept.); incl. Caroline (#5 in U.K.). Cat Stevens (1948-), Foreigner (album) (July 25); incl. The Hurt, Foreigner Suite, 100 I Dream, Love/Heaven. Al Stewart (1945-), Past, Present and Future (album #5) (Oct.); incl. Nostradamus. Rod Stewart (1945-), Sing It Again Rod (album) (Aug. 10). Sly and the Family Stone, Fresh (album #6) (June 30); incl. If You Want Me to Stay. The Rolling Stones, Goats Head Soup (album #13) (Aug. 31); incl. Angie, Star Star (original title "Starfucker"), Winter, Doo Doo Doo Doo Doo (Heartbreaker). Styx, Styx II (album #2) (July) (#20 in the U.S.); incl. Lady (#6 in the U.S.), You Need Love. Livingston Taylor (1950-), Over the Rainbow (album #3); incl. Over the Rainbow (by Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg). The Temptations, Masterpiece (album) (Feb. 21); Norman Whitfield's masterpiece; incl. Hey Girl (I Like Your Style). Spooky Tooth, You Broke My Heart So I Busted Your Jaw (album #5) (May); Witness (album #6) (Nov.). The Four Tops, Main Street People (album); incl. Ain't No Woman (Like the One I've Got). T.Rex, Tanx (album #8) (Mar. 16) (#102 in the U.S.); dumps glam rock for dark proto-punk; incl. Shock Rock; 20th Century Boy. Traffic, Shoot Out at the Fantasy Factory (album #7) (Feb.) (#6 in the U.S.); On the Road (album #8) (Oct.). Robin Trower (1945-), Twice Removed from Yesterday (album) (solo debut); incl. Daydream. Tanya Tucker (1958-), What's Your Mama's Name (Feb.) (#1 country) (#86 in the U.S.); Blood Red and Goin' Down (#1 country) (#74 in the U.S.). Love Unlimited Orchestra, Love's Theme (#1 in the U.S., #24 in the U.K.); first disco record to go #1 in the U.S.; formed by Barry Eugene White (1944-2003). Loudon Wainwright III (1946-), Dead Skunk. T-Bone Walker (1910-75), Fly Walker Airlines (album). Joe Walsh (1947-), The Smoker You Drink, The Player You Get (album #2) (June 18); incl. Rocky Mountain Way. War, Deliver the Word (album #6) (Aug.); incl. Gypsy Man (#8 in the U.S.), Me and Baby Brother (#15 in the U.S.), In Your Eyes. Dottie West (1932-91), Country Sunshine; commercial for the Coca-Cola Co. Stealers Wheel, Ferguslie Park (album #2). Johnny Winter (1944-), Still Alive and Well (album #5) (Mar.). The Who, Quadrophenia (double album) (album #6) (Oct. 19); their 2nd rock opera, about Jimmy, who participates in the circa 1964 Mod lifestyle in England; "The story is set on a rock" (Pete Townshend); incl. Quadrophenia, Love, Reign o'er Me. Wizard, See My Baby Jive. Stevie Wonder (1950-), Innervisions (album #16) (Aug. 3) (#4 in the U.S.); incl. Higher Ground (#4 in the U.S.), Living for the City (#8 in the U.S.), Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing (#16 in the U.S.), He's Misstra Know-It-All. Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Kids Say the Darndest Things. Yes, Yessongs (album #5) (May 18) (first live album); Tales from Topographic Oceans (album #6) (Dec. 14); incl. Revealing Science of God. Neil Young (1945-), Time Fades Away (album) (Oct. 15); first of the Ditch Trilogy (On the Beach, Tonight's the Night). Frank Zappa (1940-93), Over-Nite Sensation (album) (Sept. 7); his first gold album; incl. Camarillo Brillo, Montana. Movies: Three films gross $100M at the box office this year, "The Exorcist", "The Sting", and "American Graffiti"? Meanwhile where are the musicals? George Lucas' American Graffiti (Lucasfilm Ltd.) (Universal Pictures) (Aug. 1), a coming-of-age flick set in pre-JFK assassination 1962 in Modesto, Calif. and centered around graduation, Mel's Drive-In, a sock hop, and a drag race rockets George Walton Lucas Jr. (1944-) to stardom, along with Ronald William "Ron" Howard (1954-) (as Steve Bolander), Richard Dreyfuss (1947-) (as Curt Henderson), Harrison Ford (1942-) (as Bob Falfa), Suzanne Somers (Suzanne Marie Mahoney) (1946-) (as blonde in white T-Bird), Cynthia Jane "Cindy" Williams (1947-) (as Laurie Henderson), Candace June "Candy" Clark (1947-) (as Old Harper and '58 Impala-loving Debbie "Deb" Dunham), Paul Le Mat (1945-) (as John Milner), and even nerdy Charles Martin Smith (1953-) (as Terry "the Toad" Fields), to the cool voice of radio disc jockey Wolfman Jack; features a sock hop with the band Flash Cadillac and the Continental Kids from the U. of Colo. at Boulder, who perform At the Hop, She's So Fine, and er, Louie, Louie; the original film was 210 min. long, cut down to 112; #3 grossing film of 1973 ($115M). Terrence Malick's Badlands (Oct. 15) (Warner Bros.) stars Martin Sheen as Kit Carruthers, and makes a star of Quitman, Tex.-born Mary Elizabeth "Sissy" Spacek (1949-) as Holly Sargis, who go on a crime spree together. John D. Hancock's Bang the Drum Slowly (Aug. 26), based on the 1956 Mark Harris novel stars Michael Moriarty as star pitcher Henry "Author" Wiggen, and Robert De Niro as slow-witted terminally ill catcher Bruce Pearson. Don Siegel's Charley Varrick (Sept. 19), based on the John Reese novel stars Walter Matthau, who with his friends rob a small town bank, find out it's mob money, and run for their lives. Paul Bogart's Class of '44 (Apr. 10) (Warner Bros.), the sequel to "Summer of '42" (1971) is the film debut of Newmarket, Ont., Canada-born actor-comedian John Franklin Candy (1950-94). George A. Romero's The Crazies (Code Name: Trixie) (Mar. 16) (Cambist Films), set in small town Evans City, Penn. sees the release of a military biological weapon virus turn the town into you know what, bringing in the military with shoot-on-sight orders; a flop, doing $143.7K box office on a $275K budget, later becoming a cult hit, causing a remake to be released in 2010. Ingmar Bergman's Cries and Whispers (Mar. 5) stars Harriet Andersson as a woman dying of TB while three women who care for her can't stand to look death in the face; "I am dead but I can't leave you"; cements Bergman's rep as the king? Francois Truffaut's Day for Night (La Nuit Americaine) (May 14), starring Jean-Pierre Leaud and Jacqueline Bisset is about a film crew directed by himself trying to finish a film while questioning which is more important, movies or life; the sequences are shot in daylight and made to appear as if they are taking place at night. Mike Nichols' The Day of the Dolphin (Dec. 19), based on the 1967 novel "A Sentient Animal" by Robert Merle based on the work of John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001) stars George C. Scott as Dr. Jake "Pa" Terrell, who trains dolphins Alpha ("Fa") and Beta ("Bea") to speak English, until they are co-opted to assassinate the U.S. pres. Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal(May 16) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1971 Frederick Forsyth novel and the real-life assassination attempt on Charles de Gaulle on Aug. 22, 1962 stars Edward Fox as the mysterious assassin who "spent 71 days 56 minutes thinking a bullet into the brain of de Gaulle"; Michael Lonsdale stars as deputy commissioner Claude Lebel; does $16M box office; "But if the Jackal wasn't Calthrop, then who the hell was he?" Nicolas Roeg's Don't Look Now (Oct. 16) (British Lion Films) is a Gothic horror film set based on a Daphne du Maurier short story, starring Donald Sutherland and Julia Christie as married couple John and Laura Baxter, who lose their daughter Christine in a drowning in England, and go to Venice, where they meet blind psychic Heather (Hilary Mason), who claims to be able to see her, after which they begin seeing a mysterious childlike figure wearing a red coat; a daring sex scene by Sutherland and Christie causes the film to be rated X in Britain and R in the U.S., and is so explicit that it causes rumors that it wasn't faked; does ? box office on a $1.1M budget. Robert Aldrich's Emperor of the North Pole (May 23) stars Lee Marvin as A No. 1 and Ernest Borgnine as Shack, two Depression era bums who meet for the fight to death of the cent.; Keith Carradine plays Cigaret. Robert Clouse's Enter the Dragon (Aug. 19) (Warner Bros.) (Concord Productions) (Golden Harvest), the first U.S.-produced Kung Fu movie stars Chinatown, San Francisco, Calif.-born martial arts expert Bruce Lee (Lee Jun-fan) (1940-73), making him a big star after his premature death on July 20; also stars John Saxon as Roper, and Jim Kelly as Williams; does $90M box office on an $850K budget; his rooster-screeching fight scenes are keepers. David Miller's Executive Action (Nov. 7), written by Mark Lane, Donald Freed, and Dalton Trumbo, and starring Burt Lancaster as CIA black ops agent James Farrington, Robert Ryan as shady Texas oil baron Robert Foster, and Will Geer as oil magnate Ferguson suggests a MIC conspiracy to kill JFK, but claims that the DPD etc. were all innocent lame ignoramuses who were outsmarted and bypassed, triggering a firestorm of controversy and causing it to get pulled from theaters after 1-2 weeks, that is, before Nov. 22, of course. William Friedkin's The Exorcist (Dec. 26) (Warner Bros.), based on the 1971 William Peter Blatty novel stars Linda Denise Blair (1959-) as devil-possessed, green-pea-soup-puking girl Regan Teresa MacNeil, and is given an R-rating, becoming the Jesuits' Deep Throat, causing mass hysteria in some theaters as it draws on all 2K years of Catholic superstition, incl. the ancient god Pazuzu (voiced by Mercedes McCambridge, with the face of Eileen Dietz), aided by special effects by Dick Smith, and spooky music by Mike Oldfield; #1 film of 1973, grossing $232.6M domestic and $441.3M worldwide on a $12M budget, by 2010, passing "The Godfather" standing still; Ellen Burstyn plays actress mommy Chris MacNeil, Jason Miller plays Father Damien Karras (whose body double tumbles down the Exorcist Steps at the end of M St. in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.), Max von Sydow (who once played Jesus) plays Father Lankester Merrin; an avg. of 3 men and 2 women faint during each showing; six people die during the making of the film, causing rumors that it's cursed; "Somewhere between science and superstition there is another world, a world of darkness"; "The power of Christ compels you"; spawns sequels "Exorcist II: The Heretic" (1977), "The Exorcist III" (1990), "Exorcist: The Beginning" (2004), "Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist" (2005). Peter Yates' The Friends of Eddie Coyle(June 27), based on the 1972 George V. Higgins novel stars Robert Mitchum as Boston thug Eddie "Fingers Coyle", who makes a deal with the feds to sell out his thug friends to avoid priz. Waris Hussein's Henry VIII and His Six Wives stars Keith Mitchell, Donald Pleasance, and Charlotte Rampling. Clint Eastwood's High Plains Drifter (Aug. 22) (The Malpaso Co.) (Universal Studios), written by Ernest Tidyman and filmed in Mono Lake, Calif. stars Eastwood as the Drifter, who avenges a sheriff's death in Lago by turning it into Hell; does $15.7M box office on a $5.5M budget. Alan Bridges' The Hireling (May), based on the L.P. Hartley novel stars Robert Shaw as Steven Ledbetter, and Sarah Miles as Lady Franklin. Peter Hall's The Homecoming, based on the 1964 Harold Pinter play stars Paul Rogers as Max, Cyril Cusack as his brother Sam, and Ian Holm, Michael Jayston, and Terence Rigby as Max's sons Lenny, Teddy, and Joey; "They share the house. They share the food. They share Teddy's wife. Such a nice happy family." John Frankenheimer's The Iceman Cometh, based on the 1940 Eugene O'Neill play stars Lee Marvin as Theodore "Hickey" Hickman, who sets out to rid everyone at the Last Chance Saloon in 1912 of their lost dreams, after which they all turn on him and go after the story about his wife and the iceman; stars Fredric March as Harry Hope, Robert Ryan as Larry Slade, and Jeff Bridges as Don Parritt. Norman Jewison's Jesus Christ Superstar (Aug. 15) (Universal Pictures), based on the 1971 Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice rock opera stars Ted Neeley as Jesus Christ, Yvonne Elliman as Mary Magdalene, Barry Dennen as Pontius Pilate, Carl Anderson as Judas Iscariot, Bob Bingham as Caiaphas, Kurt Yaghijan as Annas, Josh Mostel as King Herod, Philip Toubus as Peter, Larry Marshall as Simon Zealotes, Richard Orbach as John, and Robert LuPone as James; does $24.5M box office on a $3.5M budget; features the songs Jesus Christ Superstar, I Don't Know How to Love Him, Simon's Song, Heaven on Their Minds. Hal Ashby's The Last Detail (Dec. 12), based on the Darryl Ponicsan novel stars Jack Nicholson as seaman Larry Meadows (Randy Quaid), who is sentenced to 8 years in the brig for stealing $40, causing Navy men Billy Bad Ass Buddusky (Jack Nicholson) and Mule Mulhall (Otis Young) to decide to show him a good time on the way to it. Herbert Ross' The Last of Sheila (June 14), written by Stephen Sondheim (1930-) and Anthony Perkins stars James Coburn, James Mason, and Dyan Cannon in a whodunit set on a millionaire's yacht. Stuart Rosenberg's The Laughing Policeman, based on the 1968 Per Wahloo and Maj Sjowall novel stars Walter Matthau as San Fran detective Jake Martin (Martin Beck of Sweden in the novel). Guy Hamilton's Live and Let Die (June 27) (Eon Productions (James Bond 007 film #8), based on the 1954 Ian Fleming novel is the first with (Eon Productions debuts (James Bond 007 film #8), based on the 1954 Ian Fleming novel, becoming the first with Stockwell, London, England-born "Simon Templar in The Saint" actor Roger George Moore (1927-2017) as 007; Jane Seymour plays Tarot card-reading Solitaire, who works with Dr. Kananga/ Mr. Big (Yaphet Kotto), whose asst. Tee Hee Johnson (Julius Harrison) sports a pincer hand; Clinton James plays La. cracker sheriff J.W. Pepper; English actor Kenneth More stands in the wings to replace ailing Bernard Lee, who plays M; the hot Live and Let Die Theme is by Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings; #7 grossing film of 1973 ($35.4M U.S and $161.8M worldwide box office on a $7M budget). Ted Post's Magnum Force (Dec. 25), a sequel to "Dirty Harry" (1971) stars Clint Eastwood as Inspector Harry Callahan, who fights renegade motorcycle cops incl. Officers John Davis (David Soul), Charlie McCoy (Mitch Ryan), and Phil Sweet (Tim Mathewson); Hal Holbrook plays crooked Lt. Neil Briggs; #6 grossing film of 1973 ($44.6M). Martin Scorsese's Mean Streets (Oct. 14) stars Robert De Niro, Harvey Keitel, and David Proval as New York City Little Italy hoods Johnny Boy, Charlie, and Tony; Amy Robinson plays Charlie's epileptic babe Teresa; Scorsese's breakthrough film (semi-autobio.), and first with De Niro. Jean Eustache's The Mother and the Whore (Le Maman et la Putain) (May) stars Jean-Pierre Leaud, Francoise Lebrun, and Bernadette Lafont is a 3-hour feast of late French New Wave. Tonino Valerii's and Sergio Leone's My Name Is Nobody (Il Mio Nome E Nessuno) (Dec. 13) (Titanus) is a Spaghetti Western set in 1899 New Orleans, La., starring Terence Hill as Nobody, and Henry Fonda as Jack Beauregard; "Jack Beauregard 1848-1899 Nobody was faster on the draw." Jan Troell's The New Land stars Max von Sydow and Liv Ullmann as U.S. immigrants coming over the Pond in the 19th cent. to witness blacks in chains and pesky Indians. OStanley Kramer's Oklahoma Crude (July 3) (Columbia Pictures), set in the early 1900s stars Faye Dunaway as landowner Lana Doyle, who fights to keep her shares of crude oil with her father Cleon Doyle (John Mills) and hired gun Noble Mason (George C. Scott); features the song "Send a Little Love My Way", sung by Anne Murray; does $2.5M box office; watch trailer. Lindsay Anderson's O Lucky Man! (June 20) stars Malcolm McDowell as Euro coffee salesman Michael Arnold Travis in a comical allegory of life in a capitalist society; Alan Price builds musical bridges between scenes. James Bridges' The Paper Chase (Oct. 16), based on the 1970 John Jay Osborn novel stars John Houseman as bow-tie-wearing Harvard Law School prof. Charles W. Kingsfield Jr., whose stringent contracts course turns mushbrain recruits into lawyers, starting with James T. Hart (Timothy Bottoms), who discovers he's hooking up with his daughter Susan (Lindsay Wagner); also stars Edward Herrmann and James Naughton as students; a script blooper portrays Mr. Brooks asking the prof. to repeat a question then stating that he has a photographic memory; "Loudly, Mr. Hart. Fill this room with your intelligence." Peter Bogdanovich's Paper Moon (May 9), based on the novel "Addie Pray" by Joe David Brown stars father-daughter team Ryan O'Neal and 9-y.-o. Tatum O'Neal as Bible-wielding P.T. Barnum-quoting con artists; she gets an Oscar, he doesn't, and he snubs her at the awards ceremony? Franklin J. Schaffner's Papillon (Dec. 16), written by Dalton Trumbo and Lorenzo Semple Jr. based on the autobio. by Henri Charriere stars Steve McQueen as safecracker Henri "Papillon" Charriere, and Dustin Hoffman as forger Louis Dega, who do the impossible and escape from Devil's Island; #4 grossing film of 1972 ($53.2M box office on a $13.5M budget). Sam Peckinpah's Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (May 23) stars James Coburn as Pat Garrett, and Kris Kristofferson as Billy the Kid in 1881, using Winchester Model 1892 rifles?; Bob Dylan plays Alias, and performs the hit "Knockin' On Heaven's Door". Maximilian Schell's The Pedestrian (Das Fussganger) (Sept. 6) stars Schell, Gustav Rudolf Sellner, and Peter Hall. Sean Lathan's Save the Children, a documentary about Jesse Jackson's Operation PUSH stars Isaac Hayes, the Jackson Five, Sammy Davis Jr., Nancy Wilson, Marvin Gaye, the Temptations et al. David Lowell Rich's Satan's School for Girls (Sept. 19) is an ABC-TV movie produced by Aaron Spelling starring Roy Thinnes as Dr. Joseph Clampett, who runs a Satanic serial murder cult in the Salem Academy for Women, filled with gorgeous dames incl. Pamela Franklin, Jamie Smith Jackson, Cheryl Ladd, and Kate Jackson; refilmed on Mar. 13, 2000 starring Kate Jackson as the Dean. John G. Avildsen's Save the Tiger (Feb. 14) stars Jack Gilford as a businessman who attempts arson to pay his debts while his partner Jack Lemmon slowly freaks. Ingmar Bergman's Scenes from a Marriage stars Liv Ullmann as Marianne, and Erland Josephson as Johan, a married couple who divorce but can't stay apart; a 295-min. TV movie cut to 155 min. for cinematic release; turns Ullmann into a feminist icon. Michael Winner's Scorpio (Apr. 19) (United Artists) stars Burt Lancaster as retiring CIA agent Cross, who must train French agent Scorpio (Alain Delon) to replace him, until the later is ordered to kill Cross; Joanne Linville plays Cross' wife Sarah; "When Scorpio wants you... there is no place to hide." Sidney Lumet's Serpico (Dec. 5) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1973 Peter Maas book stars Al Pacino as honest New York City cop Frank Serpico, whose comrades turn on him and get him shot point-blank in the face; does $29.8M box office on a $3M budget. Woody Allen's Sleeper (Dec. 17) stars Woody Allen as Happy Carrot health food store owner Miles Monroe, who is hospitalized in St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan for an ulcer and ends up in liquid nitrogen tanks; after being revived in 2173, and finding that "Albert Shanker got hold of a nuclear device", he ends up living on the run from the govt. with Luna Schlosser (Diane Keaton), trying to stop the Hitler-like leader's nose from being used to clone him; robots are programmed to be Jewish tailors and gay butlers; Ph.D's are given in oral sex; the McDonald's sign has 51 zeroes (795 sexdecillion); does $18M office on a $2M budget; features the 1963 3-story 7K-sq.-ft. 5-bedroom 5-bathroom curvilinear clamshell Sleeper (Sculptured) House perched above I-70 in Genesee, Colo., housing the 5-level tubular elevator called the orgasmatron, designed by Clayton, N.M.-born architect Charles Utter Deaton (1921-96) (designer of Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Mo.), which is purchased by Denver Johnson-Grace software entrepreneur John Huggins for $1.33M in 1999, which he puts on the market for $10M after adding 5K more sq. ft., and sells for $3.43M in 2006. Richard O. Fleischer's Soylent Green (Apr. 19) (MGM), based on the 1966 Harry Harrison novel "Make Room! Make Room!" stars Charlton Heston as New York City Det. Robert Thorn in the overpopulated polluted globally-warmed year 2022, where algae supplies have died out, causing the govt. to secretly turn human corpses into food after tasteful classical music euthanasia; Edward G. Robinson's 101st and last film as lettuce-chomping old fart Soylent, er, Sol Roth ("Why, in my day you could buy meat anywhere"); Leigh Taylor-Young plays house ho "furniture" Shirl; Chuck Connors plays Fielding; Brock Peters plays Hatcher; does $3.6M box office on a ? budget. Victor Erice's Spirit of the Beehive (El Espiritu de la Colmena) stars Fernando Fernan Gomes as a Spanish beekeeeper in 1940, and Teresa Gimpera as his shy 6-y.-o. daughter Anna, who fantasizes about being the little girl in the 1931 film "Frankenstein"; the dir. debut of Victor Erice (1940-). Burt Brinckerhoff's Steambath (May 4), aired on PBS-TV, based on the Bruce Jay Friedman play featuring God as a Puerto Rican steambath attendant stars Bill Bixby as Tandy, a man who refuses to admit he died, Stephen Elliott as Oldtimer, Herb Elderman as Bieberman, and Valerie Perrine as Meredith, who becomes the first woman to expose her nipples on U.S. network TV in a shower scene. George Roy Hill's The Sting (Dec. 25), based on a book by David W. Maurer about real life grifters Fred and Charley Gondorf stars Paul Newman and Robert Redford in 1936 Chicago, who pull an elaborate you know what to fleece racketeer Robert Shaw, all to Scott Joplin ragtime music incl. "The Entertainer"; #2 grossing film of 1974 ($159.6M). Richard Lester's The Three Musketeers (Dec. 11), a comedy written by George MacDonald Fraser based on the Alexandre Dumas pere novel and originally intended for the Beatles runs three hours and stars Michael York as d'Artagnan, Oliver Reed as Athos, Frank Finlay as Porthos, and Richard Chamberlain as Aramis, along with Charlton Heston as Cardinal Richelieu, Faye Dunaway as Milady de Winter, and Raquel Welch as Constance Bonacieux; produced by Alexander Salkind, a labor dispute causes SAG to issue the Salkind Clause, guaranteeing that an actor is only expected to make one film when signing a contract. Melvin Frank's A Touch of Class (June 20) tangles George Segal and Glenda Jackson in a quickie affair in London that turns serious by Spain. Phil Karlson's Walking Tall (Feb. 22) stars Joe Don Baker as Tenn. sheriff Buford Pusser, who single-handedly cleans up his town corruption with a 4-ft. wooden club and other law enforcement tools; makes struggling dir. Karlson fixed for life. Paul Morrissey's Andy Warhol's Frankenstein (Flesh for Frankenstein) (Nov. 30) (Gold Film) filmed at Cinecitta in Rome is presented in the Space-Vision 3D process and rated X for sexuality and violence/gore; stars Udo Kier as Baron von Frankenstein, who wants to create the perfect Serbian race with or wihout the help of his horny wife-sister Baroness Katrin Frankenstein (Monique van Vooren) using kidnapped horny farmhand Nicholas (Joe Dallesandro). Sydney Pollack's The Way We Were (Oct. 19), written by Robert Redford based on the Arthur Laurents novel stars Barbra Streisand as a bar-bra Jewish political radical of the 1930s, who meets handsome WASP Robert Redford in college and starts a 2-decade affair, ending up in Hollyweird; Streisand sings the theme song The Way We Were by Marvin Hamlisch and Alan and Marilyn Bergman; #5 grossing film of 1973 ($49.9M). Michael Crichton's Westworld (Nov. 21), written by Crichton is about the Delos adult amusement park, which costs guests $1K/day to play with the robots, until something goes wrong, and the Gunslinger (Yul Brynner) becomes a Terminator; does $10M box office on a $1.25M budget; "Have we got a vacation for you!" Robin Hardy's The Wicker Man (Oct. 16) (British Lion Films), written by Anthony Shaffer based on the 1967 David Pinner novel "Ritual" and with a soundtrack by Paul Giovanni stars "The Equalizer" Edward Woodward as Anglican Police Sgt. Neil Howie, who investigates the disappearance of young Rowan Morrison (Gael. "rowan" = sacred tree) on the remote island of Summerisle in the Hebrides, where the owner Lord Summerisle (Christopher Lee) runs a neo-pagan Sun-fertility cult suspected of human sacrifice; after discovering the delights of nubile Willow (Britt Ekland), he attends the May Day festival disguised as Punch, then finds that Rowan is alive and he is the real human sacrifice, getting put in a wicker statue of a man and set ablaze, reciting Psalm 23 while they sing "Sumer Is Icumen In" in a study of a 20th cent. Christian-pagan confrontation; initially released in a cut-down form and doing only $58K box office, a "Cinefantastique" issue calling it "the Citizen Kane of horror movies" gets it rereleased in full form in 1979. Douglas N. Schwartz's Your Three Minutes Are Up (Aug.) stars Beau Bridges as sad sack Charlie, who goes on a road trip with free bohemian Mike (Ron Leibman); Janet Margolin plays Charlie's babe Betty. Plays: Jerry Adler 1929-), Good Evening (musical) (Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, New York) (Nov. 14) (438 perf.) stars Peter Cook and Dudley Moore. Alan Ayckbourn (1939-), Absurd Person Singular (Criterion Theatre, London) (July 4) (973 perf.); set in the kitchens behind three consecutive Xmas Eve parties; stars Richard Biers, and Sheila Hancock, who tries to kill herself in front of the guests, who humorously misinterpret it; The Norman Conquests; a play trilogy written in 1973; TV version broadcast in the U.K. in Oct. Michael Bennett (1943-87), Cy Coleman (1929-2004), Dorothy Fields (1905-74), and William Gibson (1914-2008), Seesaw (musical) (Uris Theatre, New York) (Mar. 18) (296 perf.); based on the 1958 play "Two for the Seesaw" by Gibson; Fields' last musical; stars Lucie Arnaz, John Gavin, and Tommy Tune; features the song It's Not Where You Start (It's Where You Finish). Edward Bond, Bingo; Ben Jonson visits Shakespeare in his last years, and takes a dark view of his commercial dealings. Howard Brenton (1942-) and David Hare (1947-), Brassneck (Nottingham Playhouse); stars David Hare; Magnificence (Royal Court Theatre, London) (June 19); a group of squatters take over an abandoned house, and are brutally evicted by the pigs; stars Geoffrey Chater, Robert Eddison, and Michael Kitchen. Michael Cook (1933-94), The Head, Guts and Sound Bone Dance. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), At the End of the Day. Harvey Fierstein (1954-) and Jerry Herman (1931-), La Cage Aux Folles (musical) (New York); based on the Jean Poiret play; Broadway's first gay-themed musical; rewritten by Jerry Herman in 1983. Nancy Ford (1935-) and Gretchen Cryer (1935-), Shelter (New York); becomes a cult flop. David French (1939-), Of the Fields, Lately (Taragon Theater, Toronto); Mercer play #2. Bob Gill (1931-), Robert Rabinowitz, Lynda Obst (1950-), Beatlemania (musical) (WInter Garden Theatre, New York) (May 31) (1,006 perf.); first full media theatrical revue of the Beatles, starring Mitch Weissman as Paul, Joe Pecorino as John, Les Fradkin as George, and Justin McNeill as Ringo; filmed in 1981; in 1986 Apple Corps wins a $5.6M trademark infringement lawsuit, barring further performances. Peter Handke (1942-), They Are Dying Out; Stucke 2. Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), Ce Formidable Bordel. Jean Kerr (1922-2003), Finishing Touches (Plyouth Theatre, New York) (Feb. 8) (164 perf.); stars Barbara Bel Geddes, Robert Lansing. Thomas Kilroy (1934-), Talbot's Box (Peacock Theatre, Dublin). Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), The Au Pair Man (New York); stars Charles Durning and Julie Harris. Mark Medoff (1940-), The Kramer (Am. Conservatory Theatre, San Francisco); When You Comin' Back, Red Ryder? (Circle Repertory Theater, New York) (Nov. 4) (302 perf.); stars Kevin Quinn, Robin Goodman, Addison Powell, James Kerman. Mark Medoff (1940-) and Carleene Johnson, The Odyssey of Jeremy Jack. Jason Miller (1939-2001), Three One-Act Plays. Richard O'Brien (1942-), The Rocky Horror Show (musical) (Royal Court Theatre, London) (June 19) (2,960 perf.); filmed in 1975 by Jim Sharman. Michael Ondaatje (1943-), The Collected Works of Billy the Kid (Stratford, Ont.); based on his 1970 poetry; recasts Billy as a poetic soul with a gun. Rochelle Owens (1936-), The Karl Marx Play (American Place Theatre, New York). Robert Pinget (1919-97), Paralchimie. David Rabe (1940-), The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel (Public Theater, New York) (May 19) (Longacre Theatre, New York) (Apr. 24, 1977) (117 perf.); dir. by David Wheeler; about a soldier (Al Pacino) who dies in a Saigon brothel after mindlessly grabbing a live hand grenade; his conscience assumes the form of officer Ardell (Gustave Johnson); Joe Fields play Sgt. Tower; first in the Vietnam War trilogy ("Sticks and Bones", "Streamers"). Terence Rattigan (1911-77), In Praise of Love (next-to-last play); original title "After Lydia"; left-wing lit. critic Sebastian and his East European refugee wife Lydia, based on Rex Harrison and Kay Kendall; "Do you know what the English vice really is?/ It's our refusal to admit to our emotions./ We think they demean us, I suppose./ Well, I'm being punished all right." Ronald Ribman (1932-), The Poison Tree (Playhouse in the Park, Philly); black convicts v. white guards. Peter Shaffer (1926-), Equus (Nat. Theatre, London) (July 26) (Plymouth Theatre, New York) (Oct. 24, 1974) (Helen Hayes Theatre, New York) (Oct. 5, 1976) (1,209 perf.); why did 17-y.-o. stable boy Alan Strang (Peter Firth), blind six horses near Suffolk, Englnd with spikes in the eyes asks pshrink Dr. Martin Dysart (played by Alec McCowen "on the knife edge of professional skill and personal disgust"); the horses are played by actors in brown track suits with wire horse heads; "Harry Potter" Daniel Radcliffe plays Strang in 2007, appearing onstage nude; it has something to do with crucifixes?; filmed in 1977, starring Peter Firth as Alan Strang, and Richard Burton as Martin Dysart. Neil Simon (1927-2018), The Good Doctor (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Nov. 27) (208 perf.); stars Christopher Plummer as Anton Chekhov (1860-1904), and Marsha Mason as an actress auditioning for The Three Sisters. Stephen Sondheim (1930-) and Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), A Little Night Music (musical) (English mistranslation of the German name for Mozart's Serenade No. 13 in G major "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik"), (Shubert Theatre, New York) (Feb. 25) (601 perf.) (Adelphi Theatre, West End, London) (Apr. 15, 1975) (406 perf.) (Piccadilly Theatre, West End, London) (Oct. 6, 1989) (144 perf.); Broadway production dir. by Harold Prince, starring Glynis Johns as Desiree Armfeldt, Len Cariou as Fredrik Egerman, and Hermione Gingold as Madame Armfeldt; inspired by Ingmar Bergman's 1955 film "Smiles of a Summer Night"; filmed in 1977 by Harold Prince; incl. the hit song Send in the Clowns, written for Glynis Johns. Peter Stone (1930-2003), Full Circle; an English adaptation of the Erich Maria Remarque play. David Storey (1933-), The Farm (Royal Court Theatre, London); Cromwell (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Aug. 15); stars Albert Finney; Edward; A Temporary Life. Michael Weller (1942-) and Jim Steinman, More Than You Deserve (musical). Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), Irene (musical). Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), Leonard Bernstein (1918-90), Richard Wilbur (1921-2017), Stephen Sondheim (1930-), and John Treville Latouche (1914-56), Candide (operetta); a rewrite of the 1956 flop. Lanford Wilson (1937-), The Hot L Baltimore (Circle in the Square Theatre, New York) (Mar. 22); a seedy condemned hotel with the "E" in its neon sign burned out. Robert M. Wilson (1941-), The Life and Times of Joseph Stalin; 12 hours and seven acts, incl. multiple scenes performed simultaneously on different sets. Judd Woldin (1925-) and Robert Britten, Raisin (musical) (46th St. Theater, New York) (Oct. 18) (847 perf.); based on the 1959 Lorraine Hansberry play "Raisin in the Sun"; stars Joe Morton and Ernestine Jackson. Poetry: Frank Bidart (1939-), Golden State (debut); "To see my father,/ lying in pink velvet, a rosary/ twined around his hands, rouged,/ lipsticked, his skin marble..." Earle Birney (1904-95), The Bear on the Delhi Road; What's So Big About GREEN? Robert Bly (1926-2021), Sleepers Joining Hands; incl. "The Teeth Mother Naked at Last"; Jumping Out of Bed. Edgar Bowers (1924-2000), Living Together; incl. "Insomnia", "An Elegy: December 1970", "Autumn Shade". William Bronk (1918-99), Looking At It. Rita Mae Brown (1944-), Songs to a Handsome Woman. Jim Carroll (1949-2009), Living at the Movies. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), Steeplejacks in Babel. Steeplejacks in Babel; Silver Out of Shanghai. Amy Clampitt (1920-94), Multitudes, Multitudes (debut). Andrei Codrescu (1946-), A Serious Morning; The History of the Growth of Heaven. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), Points for a Compass Rose. Robert Creeley (1926-2005) and Joe Brainard (1942-94), The Class of '47; Sparrow 6: The Creative; Sparrow 14: Inside Out; For My Mother Genevieve Jules Creeley, 8 April 1887-7 October 1972; His Idea. William Everson (1912-94), Tendril in the Mesh; Black Hills. George Fetherling (1949-), Cafe Terminus; Eleven Early Poems. Barry Gifford (1946-), Coyote Tantras. Allen Ginsberg (1926-97), The Fall of America: Poems of These States, 1965-71; incl. "Done, Finished with the Big Cock", "Elegy: Che Guevara"; gay beat poet Allen Ginsberg wins a Nat. Book Award and is made a member of the Am. Academy and Inst. of Arts and Letters, finally attaining respectability; after years of lobbying he gets his gay friend William S. Burroughs inducted in 1983. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Collected Poems; ed. by Taylor Stoehr. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Poems, 1970-1972; Timeless Meeting: Poems. Robert L. Hass (1941-), Field Guide (debut). Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), Wintering Out. Robinson Jeffers (1887-1962), The Alpine Christ and Other Poems (posth.). Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), Departures. Etheridge Knight (1931-91), Belly Song and Other Poems; incl. "He Sees Through Stone", "Ideas of Ancestry", "Ila, the Talking Drum". Ted Kooser (1939-), Twenty Poems. Philip Larkin (1922-85) (ed.), The Oxford Book of Twentieth Century English Verse (Mar. 28). Philip Levine (1928-2015), 1933. Audre Lorde (1934-92), From a Land Where Other People Live. Robert Lowell (1917-77), The Dolphin (Pulitzer Prize) (last poem); about his wife (1972-7) Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96) and their son, he being manic-depressive and she being alcoholic; "My Dolphin, you only guide me by surprise,/ a captive of Racine, the man of craft,/ drawn through his maze of iron composition/ by the incomparable wandering voice of Phedre." Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Come to Me in Silence. W.S. Merwin (1927-), Writing to an Unfinished Accompaniment. Eugenio Montale (1896-1981), Diario del '71 e del '72. Robert Nathan (1894-1985), Evening Song: Selected Poems 1950-1973 (last poetry book). Charles Norman (1904-96), The Portents of the Air and Other Poems. Michael Ondaatje (1943-), Rat Jelly. Octavio Paz (1914-98), The Bow and the Lyre; Alternating Current. Marge Piercy (1936-), To Be of Use; "The people I love the best/ jump into work head first/ without dallying in the shallows/ and swim off with sure strokes almost out of sight." Stanley Plumly (1939-), How the Plains Indians Got Horses. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), Diving into the Wreck: Poems, 1971-1972; angry feminist poems; shares her Nat. Book Award feminist-style with sister nominees Alice Walker and Audre Lorde; "I am she: I am he/ whose drowned face sleeps with open eyes/ whose breasts still bear the stress/ whose silver, copper, vermeil cargo lies/ Obscurely inside barrels half-wedged and left to rot/ we are the half-destroyed instruments that once held to a course/ the water-eaten log/ the fouled compass." Sonia Sanchez (1934-), A Blues Book for Blue Black Magical Women; Love Poems. Gladys Schmitt (1909-72), Sonnets for an Analyst (posth.). F.R. Scott (1899-1985), The Dance is One. Anne Sexton (1928-74), The Death Notebooks (Dec. 31); incl. "The Death Baby", "The Furies", "O Ye Tongues". Dave Smith (1942-), Mean Rufus Throw Down. Gerald Stern (1925-), Rejoicings: Selected Poems 1966-72. Mark Strand (1934-), The Story of Our Lives; "We are reading the story of our lives,/ as though we were in it,/ as though we had written it"; The Sargentville Notebook, Burning Deck. Derek Walcott (1930-), Another Life; long autobio. poem. Alice Walker (1944-), Revolutionary Petunias and Other Poems (Mar. 21). Margaret Walker (1915-98), October Journey. Charles Wright (1935-), Hard Freight (Sept. 1). James Arlington Wright (1927-80), Two Citizens; "An expression of my patriotism". Novels: Kobo Abe (1924-93), The Box Man (Hako Otoko); a man decides to give up his identity and walks around Tokyo with a box over his head. Oscar Zeta Acosta (1935-74), The Revolt of the Cockroach People; the 1970 Chicano Moratorium. Catherine Aird (1930-), His Burial Too. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Frankenstein Unbound; Joe Bodenland of 21st cent. America passes through a timeslip and meets Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley in their villa on Lake Geneva, along with a real Frankenstein, and hooks up with Mary Shelley; filmed in 1990. Martin Amis (1949-), The Rachel Papers. Robert Woodruff Anderson (1917-), After; an older man loses his wife to cancer and goes after a young babe; based on Audrey Hepburn and the author during production of "The Nun's Story" while she was married to Mel Ferrer? Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), The Dressmaker (The Secret Glass); unhappy dressmaker in 1944 Liverpool meets a GI and wants to go to America with him, but her aunts Nellie and Margo want to get rid of him. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Crash; car-crash sexual fetishism (symphorophilia); filmed in 1996 by David Cronenberg. Nina Bawden (1925-2012), Carrie's War. Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), Collision Course. Thomas Berger (1924-), Regiment of Women; women's libbers take over the world in 2125. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Un Joualonais, sa Joualonie (St. Lawrence Blues). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), L'Aurore Boreale (The Aurora Borealis). Richard Bradford (1932-2002), So Far from Heaven; a big city exec flees to a New Mexico cattle ranch. Jimmy Breslin (1929-), World Without End; Amen. Brigid Brophy (1929-95), The Adventures of God in His Search for the Black Girl: A Novel and Some Fables. Rita Mae Brown (1944-), Rubyfruit Jungle (first novel); a lesbian hit. Charles Bukowski (1920-94), South of No North (short stories); incl. "Love for $17.50", "Maja Thurup", "The Devil is Hot", "All the Assholes in the World Plus Mine", "Confessions of a Man Insane Enough to Live with Beasts". Mikhail Bulgakov (1891-1940), The Master and Margarita (posth.). Sheila Burnford (1918-84), Mr. Noah and the Second Flood. William S. Burroughs (1914-97), Port of Saints; a group of wild boys travel through time to rewrite history; Exterminator! (short stories about sinister deaths). William S. Burroughs Jr. (1947-81), Kentucky Ham (autobio.); about the time he accidentally shot a friend in the neck with a rifle and had an emotional breakdown. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), Eagle Eye; the 1960s through the eyes of a computer whiz. Italo Calvino (1923-85), The Castle of Crossed Destinies; two groups of travellers in a forest can only speak through tarot cards. Asa Earl "Forrest" Carter (1925-79), The Rebel Outlaw: Josie Wales (Gone to Texas); filmed in 1976 by Clint Eastwood. John Cheever (1912-82), The World of Apples (short stories); "Marriage as a theater of the absurd, New England as a land of eccentrics, and Italy as a refuge for those who no longer can cope with their lives on this side of the Atlantic." Alice Childress (1920-94), A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich; a 13-y.-o. black male heroin addict; sold as a book for schoolchildren, it ends up in a lawsuit going to the U.S. Supreme Court, which rules in Island Trees School District v. Plco (1982) that "Local school boards may not remove books from school library shelves simply because they dislike the ideas contained in those books." Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Postern of Fate (Oct.); Tommy and Tuppence Beresford #5 (last); her lost novel. Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), Mydriase; the author's experiences with drugs that produce dilation of the pupils (mydriasis); The Giants (Les Géants). Richard Condon (1915-96), And Then We Moved to Rossenara; his family moves to Kilkenny, Ireland. Susan Cooper (1935-), The Dark Is Rising; Dark Is Rising #2. William Cooper (1910-2002), Love on the Coast; ex-San Fran flower children run a theater. Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Libro de Manuel. Harry Crews (1935-), The Hawk is Dying. Clive Cussler (1931-), The Mediterranean Caper (MAYDAY!) (first novel); marine engineer-govt. agent Dirk Pitt #1. Nicholas Delbanco (1942-), Sherbrookes. R.F. Delderfield (1912-72), Give Us This Day (posth.) (Swann Family Saga #3); the giant waste on the bloody fields of Flanders in WWI. Don DeLillo (1936-), Great Jones Street; rock star Bucky Wunderlick (Bob Dylan?). Joseph DiMona (1923-99), Last Man at Arlington. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Getting into Death (short stories). J.P. Donleavy (1926-), A Fairy Tale of New York. Allen Drury (1918-98), Come Nineveh, Come Tyre. Allan W. Eckert (1931-), The Court-Martial of Daniel Boone; based on a true incident. Paul Emil Erdman (1932-2007), The Billion Dollar Sure Thing; investment advisor Stanley Rosen and U.S. currrency devaluation. James T. Farrell (1904-79), Judith and Other Stories; The Siege of Krishnapur. Margaret Forster (1938-), The Rash Adventurer: The Rise and Fall of Charles Edward Stuart. Paula Fox (1923-), The Slave Dancer; a boy is kidnapped by a slave ship in the 1840s; becomes a kiddie lit. classic. Michael Frayn (1933-), Sweet Dreams; Howard Baker thinks he's on Hornsey Lane in England, but finds instead "It's a ten-lane expressway, on a warm mid-summer evening, with the sky clearing after a day of rain", then ends up in a metropolis. Erle Stanley Gardner (1889-1970), The Case of the Postponed Murder (posth).(last Perry Mason novel). John Gardner (1933-82), Nickel Mountain; a fat diner owner marries a pregnant waitress. Romain Gary (1914-80), The Gasp (Charge d'Ame); The Enchanters. Barry Gifford (1946-), A Boy's Novel (first novel). John Godey (1913-2006), The Taking of Pelham One Two Three (123); bestseller about the hijacking of a New York City subway train; filmed in 1974 and 2009. William Goldman (1931-), The Princess Bride: S. Morgenstern's Classic Tale of True Love and High Adventure; filmed in 1987 by Rob Reiner; Buttercup of Florin, Westley ("As you wish"), Dread Pirate Roberts, Prince Humperdinck, Sicilian criminal genius Vizzini, Spanish fencing master Inigo Montoya, Turkish wrestler Fezzek, Count Rugen; filmed in 1987 by Rob Reiner. Joe Gores (1931-), Final Notice. Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Black Moon: A Novel of Cornwall 1794-1795; Poldark Saga #5 (last in 1953). Patrick Grainville (1947-), La Lisiere. Shirley Ann Grau (1929-), The Wind Shifting West (short stories). Graham Greene (1904-91), The Honorary Consul. Barry Hannah (1942-), Nightwatchmen; sequel to "Geronimo Rex" (1972). Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Letters to Yesenin; correspondence with Russian poet Sergei Yesenin, who committed suicide and wrote his final poem in his own blood; A Good Day to Die. L.P. Hartley (1895-1972), The Will and the Way (posth.). George V. Higgins (1939-99), The Digger's Game. Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), Dance Hall of the Dead. Russell Hoban (1925-), The Lion of Boaz-Jachin and Jachin-Boaz; a world where lions are extinct; "There were no lions anymore. There had been lions once. Sometimes in the shimmer of the heat on the plains the motion of their running still flickered on the dry wind - tawny, great, and quickly gone. Sometimes the honey-coloured moon shivered to the silence of a ghost roar on the rising air." Richard Hughes (1900-76), The Wooden Shepherdess; vol. 2 of the Human Predicament trilogy. William Humphrey (1924-97), Proud Flesh. Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), The Hermit (Le Solitaire). Christopher Isherwood (1904-86) and Don Bachardy (1936-), Frankenstein: The True Story. James Jones (1921-77), A Touch of Danger. Erica Jong (1942-), Fear of Flying (first novel); Isadora Zelda White Stollerman Wing cheats on her hubby bigtime while on a trip to Vienna; sells 20M copies; the first mass-market work of fiction to openly address female sexuality?; coins the term "zipless fuck", where "zippers fell away like rose petals... For the true ultimate zipless A-1 fuck, it was necessary that you never got to know the man very well" - Erica = America without a m? Ward Just (1935-), The Congressman Who Loved Flaubert (short stories). Jack Kerouac (1922-69), Visions of Cody (posth.); rehash of "On the Road" with names changed for legal reasons, written in 1951-2; Cody Pomeray = Neal Cassady, Jack Duluoz = Jack Kerouac. Dean Koontz (1945-), Demon Seed; filmed in 1977; rewritten and repub. in 1997; Proteus the rogue computer. Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), The Devil Tree; business satire starring steel tycoon Jonathan Whalen. Siegfried Lenz (1926-), Das Vorbild (The Exemplary Life). Elizabeth Levy (1942-), Something Queer Is Going On (The Fletcher Mysteries); illustrations by Mordicai Gerstein; amateur sleuths Jill and Gwen (known for tapping her dental braces), and Jill's basset hound Fletcher; first in a series. Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), Bride of Israel My Love. Graham Lord (1943-), A Roof Under Your Feet. Robert Ludlum (1927-2001), The Osterman Weekend; TV news exec John Tanner must rid a group of best friends of a traitor. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), The Way to Dusty Death. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Love Under the Rain; The Crime. Bernard Malamud (1914-86), Rembrandt's Hat (short stories). Robert Marasco (1936-98), Burnt Offerings (first novel). Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), Urban the Ninth. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Log Cabin Noble. Cormac McCarthy (1933-), Child of God; E Tenn. backwoodsman is a necrophiliac murderer. Thomas McGuane (1939-), Ninety-Two in the Shade; Key West fishing guide Thomas Skelton and his rival Nichol Dance get into escalating violence; "Nobody knows, from sea to shining sea, why we are having all this trouble with our republic" (opening line); after he crashes his Porsche in Tex., McGuane moves to Hollywood, becomes known as "Captain Beserko" for his screenplays and for having an affair with Elizabeth Ashley, a divorce from Becky Crockett (who marries Peter Fonda), and a marriage to Margot Kidder, all in less than a year, after which he marries Jimmy Buffett's sister Laurie. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Man Made of Smoke. George Mikes (1912-87), The Spy Who Died of Boredom. William Ormond Mitchell (1914-98), Devils Instrument; The Vanishing Point. Nicholas Mohr (1935-), Nilda (first novel); autobio. look at the the world of Nuyoricans. Nicholas Monsarrat (1910-79), The Kappilan of Malta; on priest on Malta during WWII. Toni Morrison (1931-2019), Sula; Sula and Nel in the Bottom. Haruki Murakami (1949-), Pinball; sequel to "Hear the Wind Sing". Iris Murdoch (1919-99), The Black Prince; multilevel erotic obsession. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), A Russian Beauty and Other Stories. Robert Nathan (1894-1985), The Summer Meadows. Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), A Lot to Ask. Charles Newman (1939-2006), A Child's History of America. Francois Nourissier (1927-), Allemande. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Do With Me What You Will; Elena Howe. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), HMS Surprise; Aubrey-Maturin #3. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), City of Gold and Shadows; George Felse investigates the ancient Roman Aurae Phiala site on the Welsh border. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), The Godwulf Manuscript (first novel); first in a hit series about Boston P.I. Spenser. Georges Perec (1936-82), La Boutique Obscure: 124 Reves. Marge Piercy (1936-), Small Changes; forms of female subjugation, written to "produce in fiction the equivalent of a full experience in a consciousness-raising group for many women who would never go through that experience." Jean Poiret (1926-92), La Cage aux Folles (Fr. "the cage of birds/queens"); Georges, mgr. of a Saint-Tropez drag nightclub and his star attraction Albin have to fool George's son's fiancee's ultra-conservative straight parents; Poiret is straight?; filmed in 1978, and in 1996 as "The Birdcage". Francine Prose (1947-), Judah the Pious (first novel). Thomas Pynchon (1937-), Gravity's Rainbow (Feb. 28); postmodern hit about V-2 rocket production in the last days of World War II, involving a quest for the Schwarzgerat (Ger. "Black Device) that is to be installed in rocket #000000; Tyrone Slothrop dives into a jazz club toilet bowl assisted by Malcolm X?; passed over for the 1974 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for a passage about coprophilia. Jean Raspail (1925-2020), The Camp of the Saints; internat. bestseller (600K copies); predicts that Third World immigration will overwhelm France along with all Western civilization, causing the leftists to go after him; "You don't know my people — the squalor, superstitions, the fatalistic sloth that they've wallowed in for generations. You don't know what you're in for if that fleet of brutes ever lands in your lap. Everything will change in this country of yours. They will swallow you up." Richard Rhodes (1937-), The Ungodly: A Novel of the Donner Party. Thomas Rockwell (1933-), How to Eat Fried Worms; Billy eats 15 worms in 15 days as a challenge to a bully; filmed in 2006. Philip Roth (1933-2018), The Great American Novel; 99-y.-o. Smitty tells the story of the Ruppert Mundys minor league baseball team of the Patriot League, which collapses in 1943 after the owner sells their stadium to the govt. as an embarcation point for soldiers, becoming a parable about destructive Am. competition; a 1-legged catcher, 1-armed center fielder, 14-y.-o. 2nd baseman, and dwarf relief pitcher; a Commie plot to destroy the U.S. via baseball?; "Call me Smitty" (opening line). William Sansom (1912-76), Proust. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The First Deadly Sin; Edward X. Delaney of the 251st New York precinct investigates serial murderer Daniel Blank, who has sexually liberated friends Florence and Samuel Morton, and dates Celia Montfort, whose 12-y.-o. brother Tony is gay, and whose butler Valenter is strange. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), A Bagagem do Viajante. William Saroyan (1908-81), Days of Life and Death and Escape to the Moon. Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), Prisons; #2 in the Beulah Quintet about the history of W. Va. (1960-1982). Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Men, Women and Children; short stories about Nottingham, England; From Canto Two of the Rats. Claude Simon (1913-2005), Triptyque (Triptych). Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories. John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), The Steam-Driven Boy (short stories). Lee Smith (1944-), Fancy Strut. Robert Sobel (1931-99), For Want of a Nail (first and only novel); what if Burgoyne had won at Saratoga? Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Splendide-Hotel; invented by Arthur Rimbaud, "built in the chaos of ice and of the polar night". Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Hothouse by the East River. Danielle Steel (1947-), Going Home (first novel); launches her romance drama novel career, going on to sell 500M+ copies in the next 30 years and 800M copies in the next 70 years. Rex Todhunter Stout (1886-1975), Three Trumps: A Nero Wolfe Omnibus; a rotund P.I. who keeps a house with chef Fritz Brenner and orchid nurse Theodore Horstmann. Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004), Out. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), Rosaline Passes. Paul Theroux (1941-), Saint Jack; his first hit; "Jack Flowers, saint or sinner, found a new lease on life when he jumped off the Allegro in the Straits of Malacca, caught a passing bumboat to Singapore and got a job as a water-clerk to a Chinese ship chandler. Soon he executed a brilliant idea, which resulted in his fame throughout the Far East - work which Jack likens to that of an idealistic missionary. He continues to offer girls (indeed 'anything, anything at all') to tourists, sailors, residents and expatriates"; "Amusing, withering account of prostitution in the once glamorous East". Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Slaves; a sex-obsessed Am. male goes to the Arab world to enjoy total domination of women. Thomas Tryon (1926-91), Harvest Home (May 12); New York City couple Ned and Beth Constantine with a teenie daughter leave New York City for Cornwall Coombe, where Widow Fortune gets them accepted, after which they learn the village's secret about the corn crop; turned into a 1978 NBC-TV miniseries starring Bette Davis. Barry Unsworth (1930-2012), Mooncranker's Gift; young Englishman Farnaby goes to Istanbul and hooks up with Miranda, mistress of his alcoholic mentor Mooncranker, ending in a menage a troi at a Turkish spa where he shows his gift. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Burr; Aaron Burr's fictional diary, giving his views on fat inept Washington, slave-pumping Jefferson, arch-enemy Hamilton, etc. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Breakfast of Champions; or Goodbye Blue Monday; title is a General Mills slogan; about "two lonesome, skinny old men on a planet which was dying fast", namely, Planet Tralfamadore of "Slaughterhouse Five" (1969) fame; Pontiac Dealer Dwayne Hoover, and sci-fi writer Kilgore Trout (himself), who meet in Midland City, where Trout's book "Now It Can Be Told" turns Hoover into a homicidal maniac. Alice Walker (1944-), In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women. Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), The Blue Knight (Jan. 15); veteran LAPD officer Bumper Morgan, who has "an ass two nightsticks wide"; filmed in 1973; The Onion Field; based on a real-life incident in 1963 in which LAPD officers Ian Campbell and Karl Hettinger (1935-94) are kidnapped by street hoods Gregory Powell (-2012) and Jimmy Lee Smith, and Campbell is murdered; filmed in 1979. Alec Waugh (1898-1981), A Fatal Gift; Raymond Peronne on Dominique Island in the West Indies. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Irish Witch; Roger Brook's young lovely daughter gets mixed up with a revived Hell Fire Club. E.B. White (1899-1985), The Trumpet of the Swan; trumpeter swan Louis has no voice, so he uses a real trumpet, is taught to read and write by boy Sam, and hooks up with female swan Serena. Edmund White (1940-), Forgetting Elena (first novel); allegory of gay life. Patrick White (1912-90), The Eye of the Storm; 80-something Elizabeth Hunter has a mystical experience during a summer storm in Sydney. John Edgar Wideman (1941-), The Lynchers; a black intellectual plots the lynching of a white cop. Thornton Wilder (1897-1975), Theophilus North (last novel); autobio. story about the making of a writer in rich 1926 Newport, R.I. Angus Wilson (1913-91), As If by Magic. Births: English computer game musician Mark "Dark Knight" "madfiddler" Knight on Jan. 8 in Brighton; not to be confused with guitarist Mark Knight (1965-). U.S. FCC chmn. (2017-) and atty. Ajit Varadaraj Pai on Jan. 10 in Buffalo, N.Y.; Indian immigrant parents; grows up in Parsons, Kan.; educated at Harvard U., and U. of Chicago. Am. 6'7" basketball player (black) (Milwaukee Bucks #13, 1994-2002) (Atlanta Hawks #13, 2002-3) (Philadelphia 76ers #31, 2003-5) (San Antonio Spurs #3, 2005) Glenn Alann Robinson Jr. on Jan. 10 in Gary, Ind.; father of Glenn Robinson III (1994-); educated at Purdue U. Am. psychic vampire Michelle Belanger on Jan. 11 in Ravenna, Ohio. Am. Christian singer Daniel Paul "Dan" Haseltine (Jars of Clay) on Jan. 12 in Hampden, Mass.; educated at Greenville College. Amm. NAACP pres. #17 (2008-13) (black) Benjamin Todd Jealous on Jan. 18 in Pacific Grove, Calif.; white father, black mother; educated at Columbia U., and Oxford U. Am. YouTube co-founder Chad Meredith Hurley on Jan. 24 in Reading, Penn.; grows up in Birdsboro, Penn.; educated at the Indiana U. of Penn. Am. "Rachel Taube in House, M.D." actress Jennifer Crystal on Jan. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Billy Crystal (1948-). Australian "Nelle Porter in Ally McBeal", "Elizabeth North in Scandal" actress (lesbian) Portia de Rossi (Portia Lee James DeGeneres) (Amanda Lee Rogers) on Jan. 31 in Geelong, Victoria; wife (2008-) of Ellen DeGeneres (1958-). Am. "Kitty Norville" novelist Carrie Vaughn on Jan. ? in Calif.; educated at the U. of Colo. Am. boxer ("Golden Boy") Oscar De la Hoya on Feb. 4 in East Los Angeles, Calif.; Mexican immigrant parents; wins Olympic gold in 1992 for his mother who is dying of breast cancer; champion in six weight divs.; husband (2001-) of Puerto Rican singer Millie Corretjer. Am. TV journalist Amy Joanne Robach on Feb. 6 in St. Joseph (East Lansing?), Mich.; grows up in St. Louis, Mo., Ga., S.C., Washington, D.C., and New York City; educated at the U. of Ga. Am. Fark.com founder Drew Curtis on Feb. 7 in Lexington, Ky. Am. "The Tenth Parallel", "Amity and Prosperity" journalist Eliza Griswold on Feb. 9; educated at Princeton U., and John Hopkins U.; wife of Steve Coll (1958-). Canadian "Rugrats" voice actress (Jewish) Tara Lyn Strong (nee Charendoff) on Feb. 12 in Toronto, Ohio. Am. 6'2" football QB (Houston Oilers/Tenn. Titans #9) (1995-2005) (black) Steve LaTreal "Air" McNair (d. 2009) on Feb. 14 in Mount Olive, Miss. Australian aborigine Olympic sprinter (black) Catherine Astrid Salome Freeman on Feb. 16 in Slade Point, Mackay, Queensland Am. rock bassist Thaddeus Arwood "Tad" Kinchla (Blues Traveller) on Feb. 21 in Princeton, N.J. Swedish rock guitarist Lars-Olof Johansson (The Cardigans) on Feb. 23 in Huskvarna. Am. beauty queen (Miss America 1995) (deaf) Heather Leigh Whitestone on Feb. 24 in Dothan, Ala.; educated at Jacksonville State U. Spanish pop singer Julio Jose Iglesias Jr. on Feb. 25 in Madrid; son of Julio Iglesias (1943-). Am. singer Justin Jeffre (98 Degrees) on Feb. 25 in Mount Clemens, Mich. Am. "broker in Boiler Room", "Ben Kimble in Crossroads" actor Anson Adams Mount IV on Feb. 25 in White Bluff, Tenn.; son of Playboy sports ed. Anson Mount III (1926-86); educated at Columbia U. Am. rock drummer Richard Liles (3 Doors Down) on Feb. 25. Am. "Cullen Bohannon in Hell on Wheels" actor Anson Adams Mount IV on Feb. 25 in Mount Prospect, Ill.; grows up in White Bluff, Tenn.; educated at U. of the south, and Cornell U. Australian "Mysterious Girl" singer Peter James Andre on Feb. 27 in Harrow, London, England; raised in Australia; of Greek Cypriot descent. U.S. ambassador to South Korea (2014-) Mark William Lippert on Feb. 28 in Cincinnati, Ohio; educated at Stanford U. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) (Golden State Warriors #4, 1993-4, 2008) (Washington Bullets/Wizards #2, 1994-8) (Sacramento Kings #4, 1998-2005) (Philadelphia 76ers #4, 2005-7) (Detroit Pistons #84, 2007) Mayce Edward Christopher "Chris" "C-Webb" Webber on Mar. 1 in Detroit, Mich.; educated at the U. of Mich. Am. 6'7" basketball player (black) (Phoenix Suns #4, 1995-6) (Dallas Mavericks #4, 1996-2005) (San Antonio Spurs #4, 2005-10) (Boston Celtics #40, 2010) Michael Howard Finley on Mar. 6 in Melrose Park, Ill.; educated at the U. of Wisc. French tenor Sebastien Izambard (Il Divo) on Mar. 7 in Paris. German "Jason Reynard in Addicted", "Damon Carter in Soul Food" model-actor (black) Boris Kodjoe (Frederic Cecil Tay-Natey Ofuatey-Kodjoe) on Mar. 8 in Vienna; Ghanian Nzema father, German part-Jewish mother mother; named after Boris Pasternak; educated at Virginia Commonwealth U.; husband (2005-) of Nicole Ari Parker (1970-). U.S. USAID dir. (2009-) Rajiv "Raj" Shah on Mar. 9 in Detroit, Mich.; Indian immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Penn., U. of Mich., and London School of Economics. Am. heavy metal singer David Michael Draiman (Disturbed) on Mar. 13 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Irish Celtic rock musician Caroline Georgina Corr (Corrs) on Mar. 17 in Dundalk, County Louth; sister of Sharon Corr (1970-) and Andrea Corr (1974-). Am. "Ridin' Dirty" rapper (black) Bernard "Bun B" Freeman (UGK) on Mar. 19 in Port Arthur, Tex.; collaborator of Pimp C (1973-2007). Egyptian TV host Bassem Raafat Muhammad Youssef on Mar. 21 in Cairo. Am. 6'4" basketball basketball player-coach (Dallas Mavericks #2, 1994-6) (Phoenix Suns #32, 1996-2001) (New Jersey Nets #5, 2001-8) (Dallas Mavericks #2, 2008-12) (New York Knicks #5, 2012-13) (Brooklyn Nets, 2013-14) (Milwaukee Bucks, 2014-) Jason Frederick Kidd on Mar. 23 in San Francisco, Calif.; African-Am. father, Irish-Am. mother; educated at UCB. Am. "Sheldon Cooper in The Big Bang Theory" actor (gay) James Joseph "Jim" Parsons on Mar. 24 in Houston, Tex.; educated at the U. of Houston; partner of Todd Spiewak. Am. "Come On Get Higher", "Room At the End of the World" singer-songwriter Matt Nathanson on Mar. 28 in Lexington, Mass.; educated at Pitzer College. Am. leftist MSNBC political commentator (Jewish)(lesbian) Rachel Anne Maddow on Apr. 1 in Castro Valley, Calif.; educated at Stanford U. and Lincoln College, Oxford U. English-Am. "Maj. Lee Apollo Adama in Battlestar Galactica" Jamie Bamber (Jamie St. John Bamber Griffith) on Apr. 3 in Hammersmith, London; Am. father, Irish mother. Am. magician (Jewish) David Blaine (White) on Apr. 4 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Spanish Puerto Rican father, Jewish Russian mother. Am. "Happy" rapper-producer (black) Pharrell Williams (The Neptunes, N.E.R.D.) on Apr. 5 in Virginia Beach, Va. Finnish rock musician Markku Lappalainen (Hoobastank) on Apr. 6. Am. "All My Children" actor Alec Musser (d. 2024) on Apr. 11 in New York City; educated at the U. of San Diego. Am. "The Pianist" actor (Jewish) Adrien Brody on Apr. 14 in Woodhaven, Queens, N.Y.; youngest to win best actor Oscar (2003). Am. tenor David Miller (Il Divo) on Apr. 14 in San Diego, Calif.; grows up in Littleton, Colo. Am. "Julie & Julia" novelist Julie Powell (nee Foster) (d. 2022) on Apr. 20 in Austin, Tex.; educated at Amherst College. Indian "Five Point Someone" novelist-screenwriter Chetan Bhagat on Apr. 22 in New Delhi; educated at the Indian Inst. of Technology, and Indian Inst. of Mgt. Ahmedabad; "best selling English novelist in India's history" (NYT). Palestinian journalist (in Italy) and "Miral" novelist (Sunni Muslim) Rula Jebreal on Apr. 24 in Haifa, Israel; grows up in E Jerusalem; father is an imam at the Al-Aqsa Mosque; educated at the U. of Bologna. Indian cricketer Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar on Apr. 24 in Bombay. Chilean-Am. "Hugo Hurley Reyes in Lost" actor Jorge Garcia on Apr. 28 in Omaha, Neb.; Chilean father, Cuban mother. Am. computer programmer (founder of Debian) Ian Murdock on Apr. 28 in Konstanz, West Germany; educated at Purdue U. Am. 6'3" football QB (Denver Broncos, 2006-8), Chicago Bears #6, 2009-16) Jay Christopher Cutler on Apr. 29 in Santa Claus, Ind.; educated at Vanderbilt U. Irish rock musician Mike Hogan (Cranberries) on Apr. 29 in Limerick. Am. singer-producer Jeffrey Brandon "Jeff" Timmons (98 Degrees) on Apr. 30 in Canton, Ohio. Am. "The Biggest Loser red-black team trainer" Kimberly Lyn "Kim" Lyons on May 5 in Tex. Am. "Jennifer Keaton in Family Ties" actress-singer Kristina Louise "Tina" Yothers on May 5 in Whittier, Calif. Scottish auto racer George Dario Marino Franchitti on May 19 in Bathgate, West Lothian; husband (2001-13) of Ashley Judd (1968-). Am. actor-producer James Haven Voight on May 11 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Jon Voight (1938-) and Marcheline Bertrand (1950-2007); brother of Angelina Jolie (1975-). Am. "First Years" actor (gay) Mackenzie Alexander Astin on May 12 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Patty Duke (1946-) and John Astin (1930-); brother of Sean Astin (1971-). Canadian singer Natalie Jane Appleton (All Saints) on May 14 in Mississauga, Ont. Am. "I Love Your Smile" R&B singer (black) Shanice (Shanice Lorraine Wilson) on May 14 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Am. "Donna Martin in Beverly Hills, 90210" actress (Jewish) Victoria Davey "Tori" Spelling on May 16 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Aaron Spelling (1923-2006) and 2nd wife Candy Spelling (1945-); sister of Randy Spelling (1978-); wife (2006-) of Dean McDermott (1966-). Am. "Gretchen Witter in Dawson's Creek", "Maura Isles in Rizzoli & Isles" actress Sasha Alexander (Suzana S. Drobnjakovic Ponti) on May 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; of Serbian descent; educated at USC. Am. 7'6" "Karl in Big Fish" actor Matthew "Big Foot" McGrory (d. 2005) on May 17 in West Chester, Penn.; educated at West Chester U. ; largest feet in the world (size 29-1/2). Am. "U Know What's Up" R&B singer (black) Donell Jones on May 22 in Chicago, Ill. Am. neo-soul singer (black) Maxwell (Gerald Maxwell Rivera) on May 23 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; of Puerto Rican and Haitian descent. Ukainian singer-dancer-composer Ruslana (Ruslana Stepanivna Lyzhychko) on May 24 in Lviv. German "Project Runway" supermodel-actress Heidi Klum on June 1 in Bergisch-Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia; wife (2005-12) of Seal (1963-). Am. "Mara Sewell in The Shield" actress Michele Hicks on June 4 in N.J.; wife (2008-) of Jonny Lee Miller (1972-). Am. "The Kingkiller Chronicle" fantasy novelist Patrick James Rothfuss on June 6 in Madison, Wisc.; educated at the U. of Wisc., and Washington State U. Am. "All About Steve" dir. Phil Traill on June 6 in N.J.; grows up in London, England. Am. "Marco in Better Call Saul", "Todd in The Last Man on Earth" Melvin Dimas "Mel" Rodriguez on June 12 in Miami, Fla.; educated at SUNY Purchase. Am. "Doogie Howser", "Col. Carl Jenkins in Starship Troopers, "Barney Stinson in How I Met Your Mother" actor (gay) Neil Patrick Harris on June 15 in Albuquerque, N.M. Am. "Jimmy Doherty in Third Watch" actor Eddie Bryant Cibrian on June 18 in Burbank, Calif.; of Cuban descent. English psychic Lisa Williams on June 19 in Birmingham. Am. "Adele Corners in Kalifornia", "Danielle Bowden in Cape Fear", "Mallory Knox in Natural Born Killers" actress-singer (Scientologist) Juliette Lewis (Juliette and the Licks) on June 21 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Geoffrey Lewis (1935-). Am. NBA basketball coach (Indiana Pacers, 2007-) Frank Vogel on June 21 in Wildwood, N.J. Am. "MTV's Total Request Live" DJ and talk-show host Carson Jones Daly on June 22 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. "Redneck Woman" singer-songwriter Gretchen Frances Wilson on June 26 in Pocahontas, Ill. Am. football QB Koy Dennis Detmer on July 5 in San Antonio, Tex.; brother of Ty Detmer (1967-). Swedish rock drummer Bengt Fredrik Arvid Lagerberg (Cardigans) on July 5 in Stockholm. Am. Lego artist Nathan Sawaya on July 10 in Colville, Wash. Am. singer Deborah Cox on July 13. Am. rock drummer John Ohannes Dolmayan (System of a Down) on July 15 in Beirut, Lebanon. Am. singer Brian Austin Green on July 15 in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, Calif. Am. actor Liam Kyle Sullivan on July 17 in Norfolk, Mass. French "The Elder in John Wick Chapter 3", "Sameer in Wonder Woman" actor Said Taghmaoui on July 19 in Villepinte, Seine-Saint-Denis; Moroccan Berberg immigrants. Am. "Dr. Eric Foreman in House, M.D.", "Dr. Dennis Grant in ER" actor (black) Omar Hashim Epps on July 20 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Swedish 6'0" hockey hall-of-fame center (Colorado Avalanche, Philadelphia Flyers) Peter Mattias "Foppa" Forsberg on July 20 in Ornskoldsvik. Am. "Doritos Girl" actress Ali Germaine Landry on July 21 in Breaux Bridge, La. Am. "Dr. Eric Foreman in "House, M.D." actor-musician (black) Omar Hashim Epps on July 23 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. baseball player (Boston Red Sox, 1996-2004) Anthony Nomar Garciaparra on July 23 in Whittier, Calif. Am. golfer Thomas Brent "Boo" Weekley on July 23 in Milton, Fla.; named after Boo Boo Bear. Am. "Roy Anderson in The Office", "Brian Murphy in The Replacements" actor David Denman on July 25 in Newport Beach, Calif.; educated at Juilliard School. English "Pearl Harbor", "Van Helsing" actress Cake Bakingsale, er, Kathryn Bailey "Kate" Beckinsale on July 26 in London. Am. "The Mortal Instruments" novelist (Jewish) Cassandra Clare (Judith Lewis nee Rumelt) on July 27 in Tehran, Iran. Am. country singer James Allen Otto (MuzikMafia) on July 29 in Fort Lewis, Wash. U.S. asst. treasury secy. (federal bailout chief, 2008-9) Neel T. Kashkari on July 30 in Akron, Ohio; of Kashmiri Pandit descent; educated at the U. of Ill., and Wharton School, U. of Penn. English climate scientist Timothy Michael "Tim" Lenton on July ? in ?; educated at Robinson College, Cambridge U., and U. of East Anglia. Am. "Vanessa Huxtable in The Cosby Show" actress (black) Tempestt Bledsoe on Aug. 1 in Chicago, Ill. Belgian rock bassist Christian Olde Wolbers (Fear Factory, Arkaea) on Aug. 5 in Belgium. Australian "The Swing Sessions" singer-actor David Campbell on Aug. 6 in South Australia. Am. "Lorraine Warren in The Conjuring" actress-dir.-producer Vera Ann Farmiga on Aug. 6 in Clifton, N.J.; Ukkrainian immigrant parents; grows up in Irvington, N.J.; educated at Syracuse U. Am. "Isaac Rosenberg in Barbershop" actor-producer Troy O'Donovan Garity on Aug. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif.; stepson of Barbara Williams (1953-). Am. "Higher", "With Arms Wide Open" musician Scott Alan Stapp (Anthony Scott Flippen) (Creed) on Aug. 8 in Orlando, Fla. Am. "19 Somethin'" country singer Mark Wills (Daryl Mark Williams) on Aug. 8 in Cleveland, Tenn.; grows up in Blue Ridge, Ga. British Shoe bomber (Sunni Muslim convert) Richard Colvin Reid on Aug. 12 in Bromley, London; Jamaican immigrant father, English mother. Iraqi Shiite cleric Sayyid Muqtada al-Sadr on Aug. 12 in Baghdad. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) (Detroit Pistons #42, 1995-7) Theophalus Curtis "Theo" Ratliff on Aug. 17 in Demopolis, Ala.; educated at the U. of Wyo. Am. "Carmen Molina in Breaking Bad" actress Carmen Serrano (Carmen Maria Robles) on Aug. 18 in Chula Vista, Calif. Italian 6'4" soccer player Marco Materazzi on Aug. 19 in Leccce. Am. baseball 1B player (lefty) (Colorado Rockies #17, 1997-2013) Todd Lynn Helton on Aug. 20 in Knoxville, Tenn.; educated at the U. of Tenn. Am. computer scientist (co-founder of Google) (Jewish) Sergey Mikhailovich Brin on Aug. 21 in Moscow, Russia; emigrates to the U.S. in 1979; educated at the U. of Md., and Stanford U.; collaborator of Larry Page (1972-). Canadian ice hockey defenceman Steve McKenna on Aug. 21 in Toronto, Ont. Am. "Target Clerk and Penelope in SNL" comedian-actress Kristen Carroll Wiig on Aug. 22 in Canandaigua, N.Y. Canadian "David Scott Freeman in Flight of the Navigator" actor Joey Cramer on Aug. 23 in Vancouver. Am. "Bastian Bux in The Neverending Story" actor Barret Spencer Oliver on Aug. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. actor-comedian David Khari Webber "Dave" Chappelle on Aug. 24 in Washington D.C. Am. actor-comedian-filmmaker Benjamin Scott "Ben" Falcone on Aug. 25 in Carbondale, Ill.; husband (2005-) of Melissa McCarthy (1970-). Am. "Charles Gunn in Angel" actor J. August Richards (Jaime Augusto Richards III) on Aug. 28 in Washington, D.C. Am. "The View" journalist Lisa J. Ling on Aug. 30 in Sacramento, Calif.; sister of Laura Ling (1976-). Am. artist (black) Amy Sherald on Aug. 30 in Columbus, Ga.; educated at Clark Atlanta U. Canadian hockey hall-of-fame player (NEw Jersey Devils, Anaheim Ducks) Scott Niedermayer on Aug. 31 in Edmonton, Alberta. Canadian rock singer J.D. Fortune (Jason Dean Bennison) (INXS) on Sept. 1 in Mississauga, Ont. Am. "Money Mike in Friday After Next" comedian (black) Micah Sierra "Katt" Williams on Sept. 2 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Am. "Crush" singer-songwriter Jennifer Paige on Sept. 3 in Marietta, Ga. Am. 5'10" basketball point guard (black) (Toronto Raptors #20, 1995-8) Damon Lamon Stoudamire on Sept. 3 in Portland, Ore.; educated at the U. of Ariz. Am. "Grindhouse" actress Rose (Rosa) Arianna McGowan on Sept. 5 in Florence, Italy; Am. parents. Am. "American Pie" actress Shannon Elizabeth Fadal on Sept. 7 in Houston, Tex. Am. "Brian O'Conner in The Fast and the Furious" actor Paul William Walker IV (d. 2013) on Sept. 12 in Glendale, Calif. Am. "Sick and Tired" 5'3" rock singer ("Little Lady With the Big Voice") Anastacia (Anastacia Lyn Newkirk) on Sept. 17 in Chicago, Ill. Italian soccer player Fabio Cannavaro on Sept. 13 in Naples. English "Sheriff Rick Grimes in The Walking Dead" actor Andrew Lincoln (Andrew James Clutterbuck) on Sept. 14 in London; English father, South African nurse; educated at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Am. Donald Trump campaign mgr. (2015-6) (Roman Catholic) Corey R. Lewandowski on Sept. 18 in Lowell, Mass.; of French Canadian descent; educated at the U. of Mass., and Am. U. South African software entrepreneur and space tourist Mark Richard Shuttleworth on Sept. 18 in Welkom. Am. musician Blake Sennett (Swendson) (Rilo Kiley, The Elected) on Sept. 22 in San Diego, Calif. Argentine pianist Ingrid Fliter (pr. FLEET-er) on Sept. 23 in Buenos Aires. Am. Neo-bop jazz trumpeter Nicholas Payton on Sept. 26 in New Orleans, La.; son of Walter Payton. Am. "Arthur Hay in Crossing Jordan" actor-comedian (Jewish) David Brian Ury on Sept. 30 in Sonoma, Calif.; descendant of Lesser Ury (1861-1931). U.S. Rep. (R-Calif.) (2013-) Devin Gerald Nunes on Oct. 1 in Tulare, Calif.; descent: Portuguese; educated at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Canadian "Sidney Prescott in Scream" actress Neve Adrianne Campbell on Oct. 3 in Guelph, Ont. Welsh "Lt. John Beales in Black Hawk Down", "5th Officer Harold Lowe in Titanic", "Mister Fantastic in The Fantastic Four" actor Ioan Gruffudd on Oct. 6 in Llwydcoed (near Aberdare), Mid Glamorgan. Am. country singer Tommy Shane Stiner on Oct. 9. Am. "Blue's Clues" actor Steven Michael "Steve" Burns on Oct. 9 in Boyertown, Penn. Am. "5 O'Clock" singer-rapper (black) Nonchalant (Tanya Pointer) on Oct. 18 in Washington, D.C. Japanese ML baseball player (Seattle Mariners, 2001-) Ichiro Suzuki on Oct. 22 in Kasugai, Nishikasugai. Am. "Family Guy", "American Dad!" animator (atheist) Seth Woodbury MacFarlane on Oct. 26 in Kent, Conn. Am. figurative painter David Campbell Wilson on Oct. 26 in Wayne, Penn. Am. "Miles Goodman in Sabrina the Teenage Witch" actor-singer Trevor Lissauer on Oct. 29 (Glass Plastiks) in Dallas, Tex. Korean-Am. "Sun-Hwa Kwon in Lost" actress Yunjim Kim on Nov. 7 in Seoul, South Korea; emigrates to the U.S. in 1983; educated at Boston U. Am. "Rounders", "3:10 to Yuma", "The Notorious Bettie Page" actress Gretchen Mol on Nov. 8 in Deep River, Conn.; wife (2004-) of Kip Williams (1968-). Am. TV journalist (ABC World News anchor, Sept. 1, 2014-) David Jason Muir on Nov. 8 in Syracuse, N.Y.; educated at Ithaca College, Georgetown U., and U. of Salamanca. Am. R&B singer (white) Nicholas Scott "Nick" Lachey (98 Degrees) on Nov. 9 in Cincinnati, Ohio; brother of Drew Lachey (1976-); husband (2002-5) of Jessica Simpson (1980-), and (2011-) Vanessa Minnillo (1980-). Australian "Mozart and the Whale", "Pitch Black", "Phone Booth", "Finding Neverland" actress (vegetarian) Radha (Sansk. "consort of Lord Krishna" = success, prosperity) Rani (Sansk. "queen") Amber Indigo Ananda (Sansk. "joy") Mitchell on Nov. 12 in Melbourne, Victoria; Australian father, Lithuanian Hindu mother. Am. photojournalist Lynsey Addario on Nov. 13 in Norwalk, Conn.; of Italian descent; educated at the U. of Wisc. Am. "Veronica Mars' journalism teacher" actress (black) Sydney Tamiia Poitier on Nov. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Sidney Poitier (1927-) and Joanna Shimkus (1943-). Am. actress-model Leslie Louise Bibb on Nov. 17 in Bismarck, N.D. Am. "That's How Country Boys Roll" country singer William Matthew "Billy" Currington on Nov. 19 in Savannah, Ga. Am. neoconservative journalist Bret Louis Stephens on Nov. 21 in New York City; secular Jewish parents; paternal grandfather changed family name from Ehrlich to honor poet James Stephens; educated at the U. of Chicago, and London School of Economics. Am. "Donovan Van Ray in Fastlane", "Dr. Fitch Coop Cooper in Nurse Jackie" actor Peter Facinelli on Nov. 26 in Queens, N.Y.; husband (2001-13) of Jennie Garth. South African "Wikus van der Merwe in District 9", "C.M. Kruger in Elysium" actor Sharlto Copley on Nov. 27 in Johannesburg; husband (2016-) of Tanit Phoenix (1980-). Hungarian-Am. tennis player Monica Seles on Dec. 2 in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia (Serbia); becomes U.S. citizen in 1994. Brazilian "Dr. Quentin Costa in Nip/Tuck" actor Bruno Campos on Dec. 3 in Rio de Janeiro. Am. "Kimberly Brock in Picket Fences", "Piper Halliwell in Charmed" actress Holly Marie Combs on Dec. 3 in San Diego, Calif. Am. conservative activist Joe the Plumber (Samuel Joseph Wurzelbacher) on Dec. 3 in Toledo, Ohio. Am. 5'10" "America's Next Top Model" "big butt" model-actress (black) Tyra Lynne Banks on Dec. 4 in Inglewood, Calif.; first African-Am. model to appear on the covers of "GQ" and "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue". Czech physicist Lubos Motl on Dec. 5 in Plzen; educated at Charles U., and Rutgers U. Am. conservative Repub. philanthropist Rebekah "Bekah" Mercer on Dec. 6 in Yorktown Heights, N.Y.; daughter of Robert Mercer (1946-); educated at Stanford U. Am. 6'3" hall-of-fame football WR (black) (San francisco 49ers, 1996-2003) (Philadelphia Eagles #81, 2004-5) (Dallas Cowboys #81, 2006-8) Terrell Eldorado Owens on Dec. 7 in Alexander City, Ala.; educated at the U. of Tenn. Chattanooga; known for flamboyant end zone celebrations, incl. the "Bird Dance/Wing Flap", spiking a football over the goal posts. U.S. Rep. (D-Ga.) (2007-17) (black) Stacey Yvonne Abrams on Dec. 9 in Madison, Wisc.; educated at Spelman College, and UTA. Am. rapper-actor (black) (Muslim) ("Rap's Rennaisance man") Mos Def (Dante Terrell Smith Bey) on Dec. 11 in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. astronomer Pamela L. Gay on Dec. 12 in Calif.; grows up in Westford, Mass.; educated at Mich. State U., and UTA. Irish 6'11" basketball player (white) (Orlando Magic #31, 2002-3) Patrick John "Pat" Burke on Dec. 14 in Dublin; emigrates to the U.S. at age 3; educated at Auburn U. Am. "Eclipse", "The Host", "Twilight" novelist (Mormon) Stephenie Meyer (nee Morgan) on Dec. 24 in Hartford, Conn.; educated at Brigham Young U.; sells 100M copies. Am. R&B singer (black) Olu (Boys Choir of Harlem) on Dec. 27 in New York City. Am. comedian-actor (Jewish?) Seth Adam Meyers on Dec. 28 in Evanston, Ill.; brother of Josh Meyers (1976-); grows up in Okemos, Mich. and Bedford, N.H.; educated at Northwestern U. Am. "Ridin' Dirty" rapper (black) Chad Lamont "Pimp C" Butler (d. 2007) (UGK) on Dec. 29 in Port Arthur, Tex.; collaborator of Benard "Bun B" Freeman (1973-). Am. Chicago Cubs pres. (2012-) (Jewish) Theo Nathaniel Epstein on Dec. 29 in New York City; educated at Yale U. Am. "Chris Wolfe in Dawson Creek" actor Jason Nathaniel Behr on Dec. 30 in Minneapolis, Minn. Am. playwright-screenwriter Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa on ? in Washington, D.C. Am. "The Hurt Locker" screenwriter-producer Mark Boal on ? in New York City; educated at Bronx H.S. of Science, and Oberlin College. Am. "All the Light We Cannot See" novelist Anthony Doerr on ? in Cleveland, Ohio; educated at Bowdoing College, and Bowling Green State U. Am. scholar-journalist Raymond Ibrahim on ?; Egyptian Coptic Christian immigrant parents; educated at Cal State Fresno, and Catholic U.; student of Victor Davis Hanson (1953-). Jamaican reggae musician (black) Buju ("breadfruit") Banton ("respected storyteller") (Mark Anthony Myrie) on ? in Kingston; "There is no end to the war between me and faggots." Am. "The Gourmet Next Door", "How to Eat a Small Country" chef Amy Finley on ? in San Diego, Calif.; educated at Ecole Gregoire-Ferrandi. Afghan jihadist leader Sirajuddin "Siraj" Haqqani; son of Jalaluddin Haqqani (1950-). Singaporean "Crazy Rich Asians" novelist Kevin Kwan on ? in Singapore; educated at the U. of Houston. Swiss climate scientist Reto Knutti on ? in ?. Israeli activist-atty. (founder of Shura HaDin Israeli Law Center) (Jewish) Nitsana Darshan-Leitner on ? in Petah Tikva; educated at Bar Ilan U., and Manchester U. Deaths: Am. astrophysicist Charles Greeley Abbot (b. 1872) on Dec. 17 in Riverdale, Md. French composer (dir. of Paris Opera) Henri Busser (b. 1872) on Dec. 31 in Paris. Am. psychologist Grace Helen Kent (b. 1875) on Sept. 18 in Sandy Spring, Md. Spanish cellist-conductor-composer Pablo Casals (b. 1876) on Oct. 22 in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico (dies in self-imposed exile). Am. educator Ada Comstock (b. 1876). Am. sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington (b. 1876) on Oct. 4. English cricketer Wilfred Rhodes (b. 1877) on July 8 in Branksome Park, Poole, Dorset; lifetime career world record of 4,187 wickets taken; oldest man to play in a test match (52 years 165 days). Finnish runner Paavo "the Flying Finn" Nurmi (b. 1879) on Oct. 2 in Helsinki; won six Olympic golds. Luxembourg-born Am. photographer Edward Steichen (b. 1879) on Mar. 25 in West Redding, Conn.: "Every 10 years a man should give himself a good kick in the pants." U.S. first female rep. Jeannette Rankin (b. 1880)on May 18 in Carmel, Calif. Swiss neurophysiologist Walter Hess (b. 1881) on Aug. 12 in Locarno; 1949 Nobel Med. Prize. Czech-born Am. jurist Hans Kelsen (b. 1881) on Apr. 19 in Berkeley, Calif. Austrian libertarian economist Ludwig von Mises(b. 1881) on Oct. 10 in New York City. Am. poet John G. Neihardt (b. 1881) on Nov. 24 in Columbia, Mo. Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (b. 1881) on Apr. 8 at his home near Mougins, France at age 91 (pulmonary edema); leaves 50K works worth $1B incl. 1,885 paintings, 1,228 sculptures, 2,880 ceramics, 18,095 engravings, 6,112 lithographs, 3,181 linocuts, 7,089 drawings, plus 4,669 drawings and sketches in 149 notebooks, 11 tapestries, and 8 rugs: "Art is the lie that enables us to realize the truth"; "When I was a child my mother said to me, 'If you become a soldier, you'll be a general. If you become a monk, you'll be the pope.' Instead I became a painter and wound up as Picasso." - and he's still going where? Swedish king (1950-73) Gustaf VI Adolf (b. 1882) on Sept. 15 in Helsingborg. Am. sociologist Emory Bogardus (b. 1882) on Aug. 21. Italian composer Francesco Malipiero (b. 1882) on Aug. 1 in Asolo (Treviso). Canadian PM (1948-57) Louis Stephen St. Laurent (b. 1882) on July 25 in Quebec. Soviet Field Marshal Semyon Budenny (b. 1883) on Oct. 26 in Moscow (cerebral hemorrhage). Russian biologist-sociologist Sergei Chakhotin (b. 1883) on Sept. 24 in Moscow; buried in Corsica. Am. Religious Science leader Fenwick Holmes (b. 1883) in Santa Monica, Calif. Scottish Summerhill School educator Alexander Sutherland Neill (b. 1883) on Sept. 23 in Aldeburgh, Suffolk, England. Italian gen. Annibale Bergonzoli (b. 1884) on July 31 in Cannobio. Turkish pres. #2 (1938-50)and PM Ismet Inonu (b. 1884) on Dec. 25 in Ankara. Am. Federated Dept. Stores magnate Fred Lazarus Jr. (b. 1884) on May 27 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Am. auto racer Ralph Mulford (b. 1884) on Oct. 23 in Asbury Park, N.J. Am. actress Leona Anderson (b. 1885) on Dec. 25. Am. Fuller Brush Co. magnate Alfred Carl Fuller (b. 1885) on Dec. 4 in Hartford, Conn. West African Pan-African black nationalist Amy Jacques Garvey (b. 1885) on July 25. German-born Am. conductor-composer Otto Klemperer (b. 1885) on July 6 in Zurich, Switzerland. Am. writer-ed. Margaret Caroline Anderson (b. 1886) on Oct. 18 in Le Cannet, France (emphysema). Israeli PM #1 David Ben-Gurion (b. 1886) on Dec. 1 in Tel Aviv. Italian film dir. Carmine Gallone (b. 1886) on Apr. 4 in Frascati, Latium. Russian choreographer and ballet dir. Fyodor V. Lopukhov (b. 1886) on Jan. 28 in Leningrad. Am. Dixieland jazz trombonist Edward "Kid" Ory (b. 1886) on Jan. 23 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Russian-born Am. fashion designer (inventor of the brassiere and Maidenform co-founder) Ida Rosenthal (b. 1886) on Mar. 29 in New York City. English celeb (wife of Ezra Pound) Dorothy Shakespear (b. 1886) on Dec. 8. Am. cardiologist (Ike's personal physician) Paul Dudley White (b. 1886) on Oct. 31 in Boston, Mass. (stroke); a 17-mi. bike path around the Charles River in Boston is named after him. German choreographer Mary Wigman (b. 1886) on Sept. 18 in Berlin. Am. writer Mary Ellen Chase (b. 1887) on July 28 in Northampton, Mass.: "Suffering without understanding in this life is a heap worse than suffering when you have at least the grain of an idea what it's all for." German Field Marshal Erich von Manstein (b. 1887) on June 9/10 in Munich (stroke). Am. educator Helen Parkhurst (b. 1887) on June 1 in New Milford, Conn. Am. General Foods co-founder Marjorie Merriweather Post (b. 1887) on Sept. 12 in Washington, D.C.; leaves a $200M estate after giving her swanky 17-acre 50-room Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Fla. to the U.S. govt., which sells it after it can't afford the maintenance. U.S. WWII Marine Corps Gen. Alexander Archer Vandegrift (b. 1887) on May 8 in Bethesda, Md. Irish Northern Ireland PM #3 (1943-63) Sir Basil Brooke (b. 1888) on Aug. 18 in Fermanagh. Am. silent film actress Mary Fuller (b. 1888) on Dec. 9 in Washington, D.C.; dies at St. Elizabeths Hospital, where he lived for the last 25 years after two nervous breakdown. Am. U.S. News and World Report founder (1933-) David Lawrence (b. 1888) on Feb. 11 in Sarasota, Fla. (heart attack). Am. dir.-screenwriter Frances Marion (b. 1888) on May 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer); wrote 300+ scripts and produced 130+ films. Chinese celeb Ailing Soong (b. 1888) on Oct. 18 in New York City. Am. artist Clara Tice (b. 1888) on Feb 2. Am. microbiologist Selman A. Waksman (b. 1888) on Aug. 16 in Hyannis, Mass. Am. poet Conrad Aiken (b. 1889) on Aug. 17 in Savannah, Ga. French Radical-Socialist statesman Georges Etienne Bonnet (b. 1889) on June 18 in Paris. Japanese "Bridge on the River Kwai" actor Sessue Hayakawa (b. 1889) on Nov. 23 in Tokyo (pneumonia). Egyptian writer Taha Hussein (b. 1889) on Oct. 28. French philosopher Gabriel Marcel (b. 1889) on Oct. 8 in Paris. Am. architect Ralph T. Walker (b. 1889); designed the IBM Research Lab in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. and the N.Y. Telephone HQ in New York City. Am. "Carl Denham in King Kong" actor Robert Armstrong (b. 1890) on Apr. 20 in Santa Monica, Calif.; "'Twas beauty killed the beast." Am. abstract artist Stanton MacDonald-Wright (b. 1890) on Aug. 22. Danish-born Am. tenor Lauritz Melchior (b. 1890) on Mar. 18 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. WWI flying ace (22 kills) and Eastern Airlines mogul Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker (b. 1890) on July 27 in Zurich, Switzerland (pneumonia). Italian fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli (b. 1890) on Nov. 13 in Paris. Am. historian Samuel Flagg Bemis (b. 1891) on Sept. 26 in Bridgeport, Conn. Am. U.S. Communist Party gen. secy. (1934-45) Earl Browder (b. 1891) on June 27 in Princeton, N.J. Am. crime boss (successor of Lucky Luciano) Frank Costello (b. 1891) on Feb. 18 in Manhattan, N.Y. (heart attack); in 1974 mob boss Carmine Galante has the bronze doors blown off his mausoleum to announce his release from prison. Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood supreme leader #2 (1951-73) Hassan al-Hudaybi (b. 1891) on Nov. 11; dies in prison serving a life sentence after his death sentence was commuted; leaves Du'at la Qudat, which refutes Muslim Brotherhood founder Sayyid Qutb's manifesto "Milestones Along the Way" (Ma'alim fi al-Tariq), renouncing violent jihad. Lithuanian-born French-Am. sculptor Jacques Lipchitz (b. 1891) on May 16 in Capri, Italy; buried in Jerusalem. Danish-born Am. Wagnerian tenor Lauritz Melchior (b. 1891) on Mar. 18 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. "The Good Earth" novelist Pearl S. Buck (b. 1892) on Mar. 6 in Danby, Vt.; buried on her Penn. farm with her name in Chinese on the tombstone: "It is no simple matter to pause in the midst of one's maturity, when life is full of function, to examine what are the principles which control that functioning." Am. sculptor Joseph Coletti (b. 1892). Am. novelist Henry Joseph Darger Jr. (b. 1892) on Apr. 13 in Chicago, Ill.; leaves the 15,145-page 9M-word The Story of the Vivian Girls in What is Known as the Realms of the Unreal, of the Glandeco-Angelinnian War Storm, Caused by the Child Slave Rebellion, complete with drawings and watercolor illustrations. German Field Marshal Ferdinand Schorner (b. 1892) on July 2 in Munich; last living German field marshal. Am. CIA dir. (1946) Adm. Sidney Souers (b. 1892) on Jan. 14 in St. Louis, Mo. Hungarian-born Am. violinist Joseph Szigeti (b. 1892) on Feb. 19 in Lucerne, Switzerland. Am. actress Rosemary Theby (b. 1892) on Nov. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (circulatory shock). South African-born British "Hobbit", "Lord of the Rings" writer J.R.R. Tolkien (b. 1892) on Sept. 2 in Bournemouth, England; has the words "Luthien" (her) and "Beren" (him) inscribed on his gravestone with his wife Edith Mary Tolkien (1889-171). Scottish-born British radar inventor Sir Robert Watson-Watt (b. 1892) on Dec. 5 in Inverness, Scotland - beam me up, Scotty? Am. playwright Samuel Nathaniel Behrman (b. 1893) on Sept. 9 in New York City (heart failure). Am. comedian Joe E. Brown (b. 1893) on July 6 in Brentwood, Calif. Am. "King Kong" dir. Merian C. Cooper (b. 1893) on Apr. 21 in San Diego, Calif. (cancer); dies one day after "King Kong" actor Robert Armstrong (b. 1890). Italian writer-poet Carlo Emilio Gadda (b. 1893) on May 21 in Rome. Czech composer Alois Haba (b. 1893) on Nov. 18 in Prague. South African "twinkling silver-haired leprechaun" actor Cecil Kellaway (b. 1893) on Feb. 28 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart failure). German adm. Theodor Krancke (b. 1893) on June 18 in Wentorf bei Hamburg. Am. actor Carl Benton Reid (b. 1893) on Mar. 16 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. actor Edward G. Robinson (b. 1893) on Jan. 26 in Hollywood, Calif. (cancer): "I'm not so much on face value, but, on stage value, I'll deliver for you." Lithuanian-born Am. economist-banker Alexander Sachs (b. 1893) on June 23. Am. baseball hall-of-fame player "Gorgeous" George Sisler (b. 1893) on Mar. 26 in Richmond Heights, Mo.; batted .420 in 1921. Am. jazz stride pianist William "the Lion" Smith (b. 1893) on Apr. 18 in New York City. East German leader (1950-73) Walter Ulbricht (b. 1893) on Aug. 1 in Gross Dolln (near Templin). Belgian PM (1935-7) Paul van Zeeland (b. 1893) on Sept. 22. English aviator Sir Alan John Cobham (b. 1894) on Oct. 21. Am. "Stagecoach", "The Searchers" dir. John "Pappy" "Coach" Ford (b. 1894) on Aug. 31 in Palm Desert, Calif. (cancer); made 102 films (incl. 14 with John Wayne) over 23 years. Am. "An American in Paris", "Gigi" MGM musical producer Arthur Freed (b. 1894) on Apr. 12. Am. paleontologist Alfred Sherwood Romer (b. 1894) on Nov. 5 in Cambridge, Mass. Japanese architect Isoya Yoshida (b. 1894) on Mar. 24 in Tokyo. Am. "Theodore Roosevelt", "Roman Castevet in Rosemary's Baby" actor Sidney Blackmer (b. 1895) on Oct. 6 in New York City. Norwegian econometrist Ragnar Frisch (b. 1895) on Jan. 31 in Oslo; 1969 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. Hammond Organ inventor Laurens Hammond (b. 1895) on July 3 in Cornwall, Conn. German philosopher Max Horkheimer (b. 1895) on July 7 in Nuremberg, Bavaria. Am. statistician Harold Hotelling (b. 1895) on Dec. 26 in Chapel Hill, N.C. Am. "I Got the World on a String", "Stormy Weather" lyricist Ted Koehler (b. 1895) in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. singing cowboy actor Ken Maynard (b. 1895) on Mar. 23 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (stomach cancer); pioneers singing in Westerns, goes alcoholic, and dies broke in the Motion Picture Home. Am. cardiac catheterization pioneer Dickinson Woodruff Richards Jr. (b. 1895) on Feb. 23 in Lakeville, Conn.; 1956 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. "Ain't Misbehavin'", "Honeysuckle Rose" composer Andy Razaf (b. 1895) on Feb. 3 in North Hollywood, Calif. (cancer). Am. architect William Wurster (b. 1895); designed Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, and Cowell College at UCB. Finnish biochemist Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (b. 1895) on Nov. 11. English actor Melville Cooper (b. 1896) on Mar. 13 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Am. poet Ramon Guthrie (b. 1896) on Nov. 22 in Hanover, N.H. Am. biographer Catherine Drinker Bowen (b. 1897) on Nov. 1 in Haverford, Penn. Am. Birmingham, Ala. commissioner of public safety (1957-63, 1965-72) Bull Connor (b. 1897) on Mar. 10 in Birmingham, Ala. Am. actor Walter Greaza (b. 1897) on June 1 in Kew Gardens, N.Y. (cardiac arrest). Soviet Field Marshal Ivan Stepanovich Konev (b. 1897) on May 21 in Moscow; commander of the 1956 Soviet occupation of Hungary. French Roman Catholic philosopher Gabriel Marcel (b. 1897) on Oct. 8 in Paris. Am. "Chief Hawkeye in Guestward, Ho!" actor J. Carrol Naish (b. 1897) on Jan. 24 in La Jolla, Calif. (emphysema); appeared in 200+ films. Am. psychologist John Ridley Stroop (b. 1897) on Sept. 1 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. silent film actress Constance Talmadge (b. 1897) on Nov. 23 in Los Angeles, Calif.; sister of Norma Talmadge. Am. educator Leonard Carmichael (b. 1898) on Sept. 16. Am. industrialist Harvey Samuel Firestone Jr. (b. 1898) on June 1 in Akron, Ohio. Am. baseball hall-of-fame player-mgr. Frankie Frisch (b. 1898) on Mar. 12 in Wilmington, Del.; 2,880 hits with .316 batting avg. German polymer chemist Karl Ziegler (b. 1898) on Aug. 12 in Mulheim, West Germany; 1963 Nobel Chem. Prize. Irish novelist Elizabeth Bowen (b. 1899) on Feb. 22 in London, England (cancer): "One can live in the shadow of an idea without grasping it"; "To walk into history is to be free at once, to be at large among people"; "Jealousy is no more than feeling alone among smiling enemies"; "The charm, one might say the genius of memory, is that it is choosy, chancey and temperamental; it rejects the edifying cathedral and indelibly photographs the small boy outside, chewing a hunk of melon in the dust." English actor-composer-playwright-dir. ("the Master") Noel Coward (b. 1899) on Mar. 26 in Jamaica (stroke): "Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun"; "I am never out of opium dens, cocaine dens, and other evil places. My mind is a mass of corruption." Am. ambassador Howard Palfrey Jones (b. 1899) in Sept. in Atherton, Calif. Am. Mormon pres. #11 (1972-3) Harold Bingham Lee (b. 1899) on Dec. 26 in Salt Lake City, Utah (pulmonary hemorrhage). Am. "Cordell Hull in Tora! Tora! Tora!" actor George Macready (b. 1899) on July 2 in Los Angeles, Calif. (emphysema). Am. Texas Instruments co-founder Eugene McDermott (b. 1899) on Aug. 23 in Dallas, Tex. Am. "bartender Sam Noonan in Gunsmoke" actor Glenn Strange (b. 1899) on Sept. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. German-born Am. Neoconservative philosopher Leo Strauss (b. 1899) on Oct. 18 in Annapolis, Md. (pneumonia). Am. Harvard Mark I computer pioneer Howard H. Aiken (b. 1973) on Mar. 14 in St. Louis, Mo. Am. actor-designer William Haines (b. 1900) on Dec. 26 in Santa Monica, Calif. (lung cancer); his gay bud Jimmie Shields (b. 1926) soon commits suicide by OD. Polish composer-conductor Paul Kletzki (b. 1900) on Mar. 5 in Liverpool, England. Czech writer-critic Josef Knap (b. 1900) on Dec. 13. British playwright-politician Benn W. Levy (b. 1900) on Dec. 7. Greek actress Katina Paxinou (b. 1900) on Feb. 22 in Athens (cancer). German-born Am. film dir. Robert Siodmak (b. 1900) on Mar. 10 in Locarno, Switzerland. Am. jazz banjo player Elmer Snowden (b. 1900) on May 4 in Philadelphia, Penn. Russian-born Am. mezzo-soprano Jennie Tourel (b. 1900) on Nov. 23 in New York City. Cuban fulgently-deposed dictator (1933-58) Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar (b. 1901) on Aug. 6 in Guadalmina (Marbella), Spain (heart attack). Am. "Topper" screenwriter Eric Hatch (b. 1901) on July 4 in Torrington, Conn. Am. "The Little Wild Girl" silent screen actress Lila Lee (b. 1901) on Nov. 13 in Saranac Lake, N.Y. (stroke). Am. actress ("Mother of U.S. Soap Operas") Irna Phillips (b. 1901) on Dec. 22 in Chicago, Ill. U.S. Supreme Court justice #92 (1957-62) Charles Evans Whittaker (b. 1901) on Nov. 26 in Kansas City, Mo. Am. "Blondie" (1930-) cartoonist Chic Young (b. 1901) on Mar. 14 in St. Petersburg, Fla.; his son Dean Wayne Young (1938-) takes over. English anthropologist Sir Edward Evans-Pritchard (b. 1902) on Sept. 11 in Oxford. British Mau-Mau Revolt Kenyan gov. Sir Evelyn Baring (b. 1903) on Mar. 10. Spanish PM Adm. Luis Carrero Blanco (b. 1903) on Dec. 20 in Madrid (assassinated by the Basque ETA group). Am. Harlem Renaissance black poet Arna Bontemps (b. 1903) on June 4 (heart attack). Am. physician Sidney Farber (b. 1903) on Mar. 30 in Boston, Mass. Am. physician John H. Gibbon Jr. (b. 1903) on Feb. 5. Soviet dir. Mikhail Kalatozov (b. 1903) on Mar. 27 in Moscow. Am. "Granny in The Beverly Hillbillies" actress Irene Ryan (b. 1903) on Apr. 26 in Santa Monica, Calif. (stroke and brain tumor); leaves $1M to found the Irene Ryan Foundation for young arts students - the good grannies die young? Swiss-born Am. hydralucs engineer Hans Einstein (b. 1904) on July 26 in Calif.; son of Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Chilean poet Pablo Neruda (b. 1904) on Sept. 23 in Isla Negra (heart failure from prostate cancer); 1971 Nobel Lit. Prize; he was really assassinated by agents working for Augusto Pinochet? Am. jazz guitarist Eddie Condon (b. 1905) on Aug. 4 in New York City. English "Loving" novelist Henry Green (b. 1905) on Dec. 13. Dutch-born Am. astronomer Gerard Kuiper (b. 1905) on Dec. 23 in Mexico City, Mexico. Am. Wolfman actor Lon Chaney Jr. (b. 1906) on July 12 in San Clemente, Calif. (liver failure). German Nazi official Franz Rademacher (b. 1906) on Mar. 17 in Karlsruhe. Am. "Frosty the Snowman" songwriter Walter E. Rollins (b. 1906). Am. psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens (b. 1906) on Jan. 18. English-born Am. poet-essayist W.H. Auden (b. 1907) on Sept. 29 in Vienna, Austria: "Man is a history-making creature who can neither repeat his past nor leave it behind"; "Political history is far too criminal and pathological to be a fit subject of study for the young. Children should acquire their heroes and villains from fiction." Am. chess master Israel Albert Horowitz (b. 1907) on Jan. 18: "Never resign. There's always a chance your opponent may drop dead before he mates you"; "When chess masters err, ordinary wood pushers tend to derive a measure of satisfaction, if not actual glee." German physicist Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (b. 1907) on Feb. 11 in Heidelberg; 1963 Nobel Physics Prize. Chilean pres. #29 (1970-3) Salvador Allende (b. 1908) on Sept. 11 in Santiago (suicide). Czech conductor Karel Ancerl (b. 1908) on July 3 in Toronto, Canada. Am. mystery writer John Creasey (b. 1908) on June 9 in New Hall, Bodenham, Salisbury Wiltshire. Am. "Old Yeller" novelist Fred Gipson (b. 1908) on Aur. 14. U.S. Dem. pres. #36 (1963-9) Lyndon Baines Johnson (b. 1908) on Jan. 22 in the LBJ Ranch in Texas (heart attack); buried in Stonewall, Tex.; "Kennedy was America's mask, but Johnson is the country's real face" (Charles de Gaulle): "He doesn't have sense enough to pour piss out of a boot with the instructions written on the heel"; "Boys, I may not know much but I know the difference between chicken shit and chicken salad." Italian actress Anna Magnani (b. 1908) on Sept. 26 in Rome (pancreatic cancer). Ukrainian-born Am. lit. critic Philip Rahv (b. 1908) on Dec. 22 in Cambridge, Mass. (suicide); "What the craze for myth represents most of all is the fear of history." Am. jazz drummer Gene Krupa (b. 1909) on Oct. 16 in Yonkers, N.Y. (leukemia). Am. "voice of Mr. Ed" actor Allan "Rocky" Lane (b. 1909) on Oct. 27 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (cancer). Dutch gangster Dries Riphagen (b. 1909) on May 13 in Montreux, Switzerland (cancer). Am. jazz saxophonist Ben Webster (b. 1909) on Sept. 20 in Amsterdam, Netherlands; buried in Copenhagen. Austrian "Sgt. Schultz in Hogan's Heroes" actor John Banner (b. 1910) on Jan. 28 in Vienna (abdominal hemorrhage). English "The Bridge on the River Kwai", "Ben-Hur" actor Jack Hawkins (b. 1910) on July 18 in Chelsea, London (throat cancer). Am. actor Pat McVey (b. 1910) on July 6 in New York City. Am. "There I've Said It Again", "Sound Off" singer-bandleader Vaughn Monroe (b. 1911) on May 21 in Stuart, Fla. Danish journalist Inga Arvad (b. 1913) in Nogales, Ariz. (cancer); Hitler's companion at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, who hooked up with JFK in 1941-2 and married cowboy star Tim McCoy in 1942; secret FBI tapes of her in bed with JFK were used against him for life. Am. actress Betty Field (b. 1913) on Sept. 13 in Hyannis, Mass. (stroke). Am. "Bus Stop" playwright William Inge (b. 1913) on June 10 in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, Calif. (suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning). Am. "Pogo" cartoonist Walt Kelly (b. 1913) on Oct. 18 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. Krispy Kreme Doughtnuts founder Vernon Carver Rudolph (b. 1915) on Aug. 16 (heart attack) - don't ask? Am. "Our Gang" actress Mary Kormnan (b. 1915) on June 1 in Glendale, Calif. (cancer). Am. gospel singer Rosetta Tharpe (b. 1915) on Oct. 9 in Philadelphia, Penn.: "There's something about the gospel blues that's so deep the world can't stand it." English-born Am. Buddhist philosopher Alan W. Watts (b. 1915) on Nov. 16 in Mill Valley, Calif. (heart failure in his cabin in Druid Heights): "Partisanship in religion closes the mind"; "Zen... does not confuse spirituality with thinking about God while one is peeling potatoes. Zen spirituality is just to peel the potatoes." Am. country musician Stringbean Akeman (b. 1916) on Nov. 10 in Ridgetop, Tenn.; killed along with his wife in their home by burglars. Am. pinup queen and actress ("The Legs") Betty Grable (b. 1916) on July 2 in Santa Monica, Calif. (lung cancer) - the legs always go first? Canadian actor Stacy Harris (b. 1918) on Mar. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Bob Curtin in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre" actor Tim Holt (b. 1919) on Feb. 15 in Shawnee, Okla. (bone cancer). Am. actress Veronica Lake (b. 1922) on July 7 in Burlington, Vt. (hepatitis from alcoholism); appeared in 26 films before ending up as a boozed-out barmaid. Am. educted Marcus Aurelius Foster (b. 1923) on Nov. 6 in Oakland, Calif. (murdered by the SLA). Italian-German composer-conductor Bruno Maderna (b. 1923) on Nov. 13 in Darmstadt. Am. "Mr. Peepers", "voice of Underdog" actor-comedian Wally Cox (b. 1924) on Feb. 15 in Bel Air, Calif. (heart attack) (OD?) Am. comic Allan Sherman (b. 1924) on Nov. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. (emphysema). South African "Cranks" choreographer John Cyril Cranko (b. 1927) on June 26 over the Atlantic Ocean (heart attack after choking on a sleeping pill during a transatlantic flight en route from the U.S. to London). Am. actress Peggy Blair (b. 1927) on Aug. 11 in Hollywood, Calif. (cirrhosis of the liver). Lithuanian-born Am. "Manchurian Candidate" actor Laurence Harvey (b. 1928) on Nov. 25 in London (cancer). Hungarian conductor Istvan Kertesz (b. 1929) on Apr. 16 in Herzliya, Israel (drowns while swimming). Am. Boston Strangler Albert Henry De Salvo (b. 1931) on Nov. 25 in Walpole, Mass. (murdered). English novelist B.S. Johnson (b. 1933) on Nov. 13 in London (suicide): "Life does not tell stories... (It) is fluid, random; it leaves myriads of ends untied... Telling stories really is telling lies." Am. singer Bobby Darin (b. 1936) on Dec. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart condition caused by dental work) - the cool die young? Am. land artist Robert Smithson (b. 1938) on July 20 near Amarillo, Tex. (plane crash). Am. serial murderer Dean Corll (b. 1939) on Aug. 8 in Pasadena, Tex. (murdered by his accomplice Elmer Wayne Henley Jr.). Am. "The Temptations" singer Paul Williams (b. 1939) on Aug. 17 in Detroit, Mich. (suicide). San Francisco, Calif.-born "Enter the Dragon" chopsockey actor Bruce Lee (b. 1940) on July 20 in Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong (brain edema); his early death (aided by all the blows he took?) shocks his fans; it was really murder? Am. (Philly) singer Jim Croce (b. 1942) on Sept. 20 in Natchitoches, La. (plane crash on takeoff en route to Sherman, Tex.): "If you dig it, do it; if you really dig it, do it twice." - the good die young? English "Let Me Be There" musician-songwriter John Rostill (b. 1942) on Nov. 26 in Radlett, Hertfordshire (electrocuted in his home recording studio) - the good fry young? Am. rock musician Ron Pigpen McKernan (b. 1945) on Mar. 8 in Corte Madera, Calif. (gastrointestinal hemorrhage from biliary cirrhosis). Am. musician Gram Parsons (b. 1946) on Sept. 19 in Joshua Tree, Calif. (morphine OD); his friend and road mgr. Phil Kaufman honors a prior pact and steals his body from the airport and brings it back to Joshua Tree Nat. Park and cremates it with 5 gal. of gasoline, getting fined $700 for stealing a coffin, which becomes the subject of the 2003 film "Grand Theft Parsons" starring Gabriel Macht as Parsons and Johnny Knoxville as Kaufman. English race driver Roger Williamson (b. 1948) on July 29 in Zandvoort Circuit, Netherlands (auto crash); the fiery crash is seen on TV, stinking up the Formula One circuit as a tire blows out, he comes to rest upside-down, the car catches fire, and driver friend David Charles Purley (1945-85) tries desperately to rescue the initially uninjured Williamson, who is crying for help as the fire marshals stand by and the race continues without a clue, after which they lead Purley away while Williamson BBQs.



1974 - The Patty Packin' Do Pack 'er Up Smoking Gun Man with the Golden Gun Year of Big Resignations and Streakers? An eerie feeling settles over the U.S. as King Richard has a great fall, and all the king's horses and all the king's men can't put him back together again? The Greek Colonels finally fall after getting into a war with Turkey over half-Christian half-Muslim Cyprus? Meanwhile, the Western world suffers from inflation and zero economic growth caused by the Arab oil embargo, and the last of the U.S. baby boomers get more than old enough to go to college, playing with their Rubik's Cubes, while streaking begins in the U.K. not the U.S.?

Pres. Nixon Resigns, Aug. 8, 1974 Pres. Nixon Exeunts Stage Right, Aug. 8, 1974 Peter Wallace Rodino Jr. of the U.S. (1909-2005) Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. of the U.S. (1913-2006) Betty Ford of the U.S. (1918-2011) Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller of the U.S. (1908-79) Happy Rockefeller of the U.S. (1926-2015) William Bart Saxbe of the U.S. (1916-) Jacob Koppel Javits of the U.S. (1904-86) Robert Theodore Stafford of the U.S. (1913-2006) Yitzhak Rabin of Israel (1922-95) Erich Honecker of East Germany (1912-94) Willy Brandt of West Germany (1913-92) Günter Guillaume (1927-95) Walter Scheel of West Germany (1919-) Helmut Schmidt of West Germany (1918-) Alain Poher of France (1909-96) Valery Giscard d'Estaing of France (1926-) Jacques Rene Chirac of France (1932-) Simone Veil of France (1927-) Francoise Giroud (1916-2003) Rudolf Kirchschläger of Austria (1915-2000) Carlos Andres Perez Rodriguez of Venezuela (1922-2010) Alfonso Lopez Michelsen of Colombia (1913-2007) Gen. Ernesto Geisel of Brazil (1908-96) Adalberto Pereira dos Santos of Brazil (1905-84) Maj. Ernesto Augusto de Melo Antunes of Portugal (1933-99) Gen. Antonio de Spinola of Portugal (1910-96) Gen. Francisco da Costa Gomes of Portugal (1914-2001) Gen. Vasco dos Santos Goncalves of Portugal (1922-2005) Luis de Almeida Cabral of Guinea-Bissau (1931-2009) Carlos Arias Navarro of Spain (1908-89) Robert Stephen Ingersoll of the U.S. (1914-) Shirley Temple Black of the U.S. (1928-2014) Takeo Miki of Japan (1907-88) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed of India (1905-77) Yehoshua Rabinowitz of Israel (1911-79) Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia (1892-1975) Endelkahew Makonnen of Ethiopia (1927-74) Teferi Bante of Ethiopia (1921-77) Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia (1937-) Mario Marcel Salas (1949-) Michael Stassinopoulos of Greece (1903-2002) Archbishop Makarios III of Cyprus (1913-77) Nikos Sampson of Cyprus (1935-2001) Glafkos Ioannou Clerides of Cyprus (1919-) Jerald Franklin terHorst of the U.S. (1922-) Ronald Harold Nesson of the U.S. (1934-) Geir Hallgrimsson of Iceland (1925-90) Mahmut Bakalli of Kosovo (1936-2006) Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan (1955-) Ahmed Raza Kasuri of Pakistan U.S. Gen. George Scratchley Brown (1918-78) Herbert W. Kalmbach (1921-) John Lennon (1940-80) on 'Monday Night Football', Dec. 9, 1974 Patty Hearst (1954-) and Steven Weed (1957-) Patty Hearst (1954-) Willie Wolfe (-1974) William Harris (1945-) Emily Harris (1947-) Myrna Opsahl (1932-75) Kathleen Ann Soliah (1947-) Nancy Ling Perry (1947-74) Angela Atwood (1949-74) Donald DeFreeze (1943-74) Patricia Soltysik (1950-74) Twickenham Streaker, Feb. 1974 Twickenham Streaker, Apr. 30, 1982 Sally Cooper, Mar. 18, 1974 Crystal Lee Sutton (1941-2009) Huey Percy Newton (1942-89) Elaine Brown (1943-) Betty Van Patter (1929-74) David Joel Horowitz (1939-) Xenia, Ohio Tornado, Apr. 4, 1974 Mustafa Bulent Ecevit of Turkey (1925-2006) Daniel Oduber Quirós of Costa Rica (1921-91) Gen. Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia of Guatemala (1930-) Seyni Kountché of Niger (1931-87) Joshua Nkomo of Zimbabwe (1917-99) Sir Anthony Mamo of Malta (1909-) Frank Church of the U.S. (1924-84) Clifford Philip Case Jr. of the U.S. (1904-82) Frank Gustave Zarb of the U.S. (1935-) George Ryoichi Ariyoshi of the U.S. (1926-) Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. of the U.S. (1938-2003) Ella T. Grasso of the U.S. (1919-81) John Glenn of the U.S. (1921-) W. Arthur Garrity of the U.S. (1920-99) Bo Callaway of the U.S. (1927-) Barber Benjamin Conable Jr. of the U.S. (1922-2003) Sir Billy Mackie Snedden of Australia (1926-87) John Douglas Anthony of Australia (1929-) James Ford Cairns of Australia (1914-2003) Reginald Francis Xavier Connor of Australia (1907-77) John Michael Doar of the U.S. (1921-) Bernard W. Nussbaum of the U.S. (1937-) Tirath Khemlani (1920-91) Robert K. Ressler (1937-2013) Paul John Knowles (1946-74) Karen Silkwood (1946-74) Alberta Christine Williams King (1904-74) Betty Bone Schiess (1923-) Ted Bundy (1946-89) Ronald DeFeo Jr. (1951-) Tony Boyle (1904-85) Jock Yablonski (1910-69) Michele Sindona (1920-86) Giorgio Ambrosoli (1933-79) Christine Chubbuck (1944-74) John Thomson Stonehouse of Britain (1925-88) Yuk Young-soo of South Korea (1925-74) Gaura Devi Chipko Movement, 1974- Mervin Paul King (1914-2008) Philippe Petit (1949-) on the WTC, Aug. 7, 1974 Pavel Popovich of the Soviet Union (1930-2009) Yuri Artyukhin of the Soviet Union (1930-98) Gennadi Sarafanov of the Soviet Union (1942-20050 Lev Dyomin of the Soviet Union (1926-98) Susan Solomon (1956-) Robert Lee Vesco (1935-2007) Jim Bakker (1940-) and Tammy Faye Bakker (1942-2007) Sharon and Joseph Frontiero Oskar Schindler (1908-74) Sean O'Callaghan (1954-) Frank Tarkenton (1940-) Larry Csonka (1946-) Hank Aaron (1934-) Al Downing (1941-) Jim 'Catfish' Hunter (1946-99) Jimmy Connors (1952-) Chris Evert (1954-) Moses Malone (1955-2015) Moses Malone (1955-2015) Gary Player (1935-) Johnny Miller (1947-) Frank Robinson Jr. (1935-2019 Pete Maravich (1947-88) Tom Cruise (1962-) Hubie Brown (1933-) Hubie Brown (1933-) Billy Packer (1940-) Jerry Colangelo (1939-) George Gervin (1952-) Bob Bass (1929-) Johnny Rutherford (1938-) Frank Jobe (1925-2014) Tommy John (1943-) Rollie Fingers (1946-) Bill Walton (1952-) Bobby Jones (1951-) Rick MacLeish (1950-) Scott Wedman (1952-) New Jersey Devils Logo Lou Lamoriello (1942-) Campy Russell (1952-) Jamaal Wilkes (1953-) Brian Winters (1952-) Maurice Lucas (1952-2010) Billy Knight (1952-) Truck Robinson (1951-) John Drew (1954-) Phil Smith (1952-2002) Alexis Arguello (1952-2009) Lou Brock (1939-2020) Evel Knievel (1938-2007) Ted Hood (1927-) Bob Gill Rixi Markus (1910-92) J. (Jean) Paul Getty (1892-1976) Eisaku Sato (1901-75) Sean MacBride (1904-88) Eyvind Johnson (1900-76) Harry Edmund Martinson (1904-78) Anthony Hewish (1924-) Sir Martin Ryle (1918-84) Paul John Flory (1910-85) George Emil Palade (1912-2008) Albert Claude (1899-1983) Christian Rene de Duve (1917-2013) Yves-Gerard Illouz (1929-2015) Matthew Manning (1955-) Daniel Little McFadden (1937-) Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987) Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1922) Arno Peters (1916-2002) Arthur Betz Laffer (1940-) Jude Wanniski (1936-2005) Walter Abish (1931-) Rudi Gernreich (1922-) Thong Bikini John R. Gribbin (1946-) Richard Grossinger (1944-) Jim Hartz (1940-) Robert Aubrey Hinde (1923-) Shere Hite (1942-) John Shively Knight (1894-1981) Christian Rene de Duve (1917-) Alan Baddeley (1934-) Dr. H. Joachim Burhenne (1926-96) Sir Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) Wilfred Alfred Fowler (1911-95) Robert W. Wagoner Russell Alan Hulse (1950-) Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (1941-) Charles Thomas Kowal (1940-2011) Antoine Labeyrie (1943-) Eleanor Emmens Maccoby (1916-) Carol Nagy (1939-2011) Steven Weinberg (1943-) Abdus Salam (1926-96) Sheldon Lee Glashow (1932-) Howard Mason Georgi III (1947-) Helen Quinn (1943-) Barbara McClintock (1902-92) Mario J. Molina (1943-2020) Frank Sherwood Rowland (1927-2012) Joel Scherk (1946-80) John Henry Schwarz (1941-) Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912-99) Julius Erich Wess (1934-2007) Bruno Zumino (1923-2014)) Theodore P. Baker John T. Gill III Robert Martin Solovay (1938-) Pierre René Deligne (1944-) Sir Roger Penrose (1931-) Donald Carl Johanson (1943-) Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis Lucy William Kenneth Hartmann (1939-) Garrett James Hardin (1915-2003) Lars Terenius (1940-) Gary K. Beauchamp (1943-) Kunio Yamazaki (-2013) Edward A. Boyse (1923-2007) Dr. Henry Heimlich (1920-2016) Anson Williams (1949-) Chef Tell (1943-2007) S.N. Fyodorov Sir Aaron Klug (1926-) Michael E. Phelps (1939-) Creative Computing Mag., 1974-85 Roland Moreno (1945-) Ned Maddrell (1878-1974) Gail Adrienne Cobb (1950-74) Richard Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan (1934-?) Garrison Keillor (1942-) Archbishop Frederick Donald Coggan (1909-2000) E. Stanley Kroenke (1947-) Ann Walton Kroenke (1948-) Art Fry (1941-) David Spangler (1945-) William Irwin Thompson (1938-) Peter Benchley (1940-2006) Charles Berlitz (1914-2003) Wayne Clayson Booth (1921-) Andre Brink (1935-) Fawn McKay Brodie (1915-81) Robert A. Caro (1935-) Robert Moses (1888-1981) Robert Joseph Barro (1944-) Sylvia Browne (1936-2013) Vincent Bugliosi (1934-2015) Samuel Joseph Byck (1930-74) Ed Crane (1944-) Koch Brothers Charles G. Koch (1935-) and David H. Koch (1940-2019) Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95) Peter Kump (1937-95) James Randi (1928-) Florence Wald (1917-2008) John le Carré (1931-) Vinton Gray Cerf (1943-) Robert Elliot Kahn (1938-) J.M. Coetzee (1940-) Laurie Colwin (1944-92) Robert Cormier (1925-2000) Guy Davenport (1927-2005) Gerard Debreu (1921-2004) Rolf Mantel (1934-99) Annie Dillard (1945-) Joseph Epstein (1937-) Stanley Engerman (1936-) Robert William Fogel (1926-2013) Shelby Foote (1916-2005) Maria Irene Fornes (1930-) Eugene D. Genovese (1930-) Susan Haack (1945-) Marilyn Hacker (1942-) Tom Forcade (1945-78) Steven Hager (1951-) High Times Mag., 1974- Albert Goldman (1927-94) John Jakes (1932-) Charles R. Johnson (1948-) Stephen King (1947-) Richard Kostelanetz (1940-) Joseph Morgan Kousser (1943-) Anne Osborn Krueger (1934-) Lyndon LaRouche (1922-) Frederick Leboyer (1918-) Elizabeth L. Loftus (1944-) Alison Lurie (1926-) Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008) Richard McKeon (1900-85) Stanley Middleton (1919-2009) Stanley Milgram (1933-84) Marabel Morgan (1937-) Elting Elmore Morison (1909-95) Paul Musset (1933-85) John Treadwell Nichols (1940-) Robert Nozick (1938-2002) Miguel Pińero (1946-88) Robert Maynard Pirsig (1928-) Jerry Pournelle (1933-) Richard Price (1949-) Robert J. Ringer Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87) Michael Shaara (1928-88) Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007) Norton Winfred Simon (1907-93) Robert Stone (1937-) Lewis Thomas (1913-93) Paula Vogel (1951-) James Welch (1940-2003) 'Sinema', by Stephen F. Zito, 1974 Betz Family Sphere, 1974 Ace Bad Company Jimmy Buffett (1946-) Carl Douglas (1942-) Mickey Gilley (1936-) Joe Haldeman (1943-) Terry Jacks (1944-) Andy Kim (1952-) Maria Muldaur (1943-) Anne Murray (1945-) Tony Orlando (1944-) and Dawn Robert Palmer (1949-2003) Pilot Judas Priest Kansas Minnie Riperton (1947-79) Patti Labelle (1944-) Rush KC and the Sunshine Band Billy Swan (1942-) Richard Thompson (1949-) and Linda Thompson (1947-) Robin Trower (1945-) Chögyam Trungpa (1939-87) Barry White (1944-2003) George McCrae (1944-) Sister Janet Mead (1938-) Tom Moulton (1940-) Jose Carreras (1946-) Toshiko Akiyoshi (1929-) and Lew Tabackin (1940-) E. Power Biggs (1906-77) Boris Blacher (1903-75) Donald Martino (1931-2005) Ned Rorem (1923-) Victor Feldbrill (1924-) George Rochberg (1918-2005) 'Chico and the Man', starring Jack Albertson (1907-81)  and Freddie Prinze Sr. (1954-77), 1974-8 'Get Christie Love!', 1974-5 'Good Times' starring Jimmie Walker (1947-), 1974-9 'Happy Days', 1974-84 'Kolchak: The Night Stalker', starring Darren McGavin (1922-2006), 1974-5 'The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams', 1974-82 'Little House on the Prairie', 1974-82 Alison Arngrim (1962-) 'Police Woman', 1974-8 'Rhoda', 1974-8 'The Rockford Files', 1974-80 Stephen J. Cannell (1941-) 'The Six Million Dollar Man', 1974-8 The Shazam!/Isis Hour, 1971-6 'High Rollers', 1974-88 Chuck Woolery (1941-) and Susan Stafford (1945-) 'It Aint Half Hot Mum', 1974-81 'The Wiz', 1974 'The Magic Show', 1974 'The Year Without a Santa Claus', 1974 'Airport 1975', 1974 'And Now My Love', 1974 'Benji', 1974 'Blazing Saddles', 1974 'Bread and Chocolate', 1974 'Chinatown' starring Jack Nicholson (1937-), 1974 'Dark Star', 1974 'Death Wish', 1974 'Emmanuelle', 1974 'Flesh Gordon', 1974 'The Great Gatsby', 1974 'The Godfather: Part II', 1974 'Harry and Tonto', 1974 'The Man with the Golden Gun', 1974 'The Sugarland Express', 1974 Leatherface from 'Texas Chainsaw Massacre', 1974 'The Taking of Pelham One Two Three', 1974 'The Towering Inferno', 1974 'Young Frankenstein', 1974 Erno Rubik (1944-) Rubik's Cube Cadillac Ranch, 1974 Joseph Beuys (1921-86) 'I Like America and America Likes Me' by Joseph Beuys (1921-86), 1974 Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010) 'The Destruction of the Father' by Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010), 1974 'Trans-fixed' by Chris Burden (1946-), 1974 Sir Anthony Caro (1924-2013) 'Black Cover Flat', by Sir Anthony Caro (1924-2013), 1974 Judy Chicago (1939-) 'The Dinner Party' by Judy Chicago (1939-), 1974-9 Gottfried Helnwein (1948-) 'Beautiful Victim' by Gottfried Helnwein, 1972 'Drug Addict' by Duane Hanson (1925-96), 1974 Hello Kitty by Sanrio Jeep Cherokee, 1974 VW Golf, 1974 British Airways Logo F-16 Fighting Falcon B-1 Lancer UH-60 Black Hawk ATS-6, 1974 'San Diego Mariners Logo Northlands Coliseum, 1974 Casa Bonita, Lakewood, Colo., 1974 Skittles, 1974

1974 Doomsday Clock: 9 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Tiger (Jan. 23). World pop.: 4B. Time Mag. Man of the Year: King Faisal (1906-75). BankAmericard has 26M card holders, Master Charge 33M; bank credit cards are used with almost 1M U.S. merchants to finance $13B (2.6% of all retail sales); 3.8% of U.S. consumer debt is credit card debt, with interests rates up to 18% - hello, welcome to the crapezium store? In early Jan. OPEC oil prices quadruple from $2.50 at the start of 1973 to $11.56 a barrel, remaining at $11.25 by the end of the year, creating huge deficits in industrial countries, accompanied by worldwide inflation, and making OPEC countries rich while wiping out economic progress in many developing countries and causing a boom in the coal industry; during the year U.S. consumer prices rise 12.2%, unemployment jumps from 5% to 7%, interest rates climb to 12%, the stock market falls 28%, automobile sales collapse, and real economic growth is -5%; the U.S. Consumer Price Index rises 12.2% (8.8% last year), vs. 2.4% avg. each year from 1948-72; double-digit inflation hits Brazil, India, Israel, and Japan (0.8% drop in GNP, first since WWII). U.S. prices per lb.: sugar 32.3 cents (vs. 15.1 cents in 1973), white bread 34.5 cents (vs. 27.6 cents), rice 44 cents (vs. 26 cents), potatoes 24.9 cents (vs. 20.5 cents), coffee $1.28 (vs. $1.04). Hong Kong ends its policy (begun 1968) of accepting refugees from China and Vietnam, claiming too many arrived. In the next four years as people crowd into Calif. the avg. price of a home more than doubles from $34K to $85K. Crack (Rock) Cocaine makes its first documented appearance in Sunny Calif. this year. On Jan. 1 Greek military figurehead pres. (since Nov. 25 1973) Phaedon Gizikis abolishes a court that was preparing the country for civilian elections, and the military junta of 1967 attempts to hold onto power. On Jan. 1 Ohio State defeats USC by 42-21 to win the 1974 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 2 after requesting a 50 mph limit and settling, Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Nat. Maximum Speed Law (ends 1995), requiring states to limit highway speeds to 55 mph or lose federal aid, allegedly to save 3.4B gal. a year of gasoline and lower highway fatalities; too bad, after sliding to a low of 45K from 54K last year, fatalities go back up to 51K in 1979 as virtually everbody becomes a scofflaw ignoring the new limits, esp. in Western states with giant empty distances; in 1987 65 mph is allowed on certain roads - now the man in the street now knows the U.S. has peaked and is heading down, and somehow associates it all with Tricky Dicky Nixon and the Republicans? On Jan. 2 interior minister (1973-4) Carlos Arias Navarro (1908-89), a former hardliner in the White Terror is sworn-in as the first civilian PM (#71) of Spain since Franco's seizure of power in 1939 (until July 1, 1976); since he had been Spain's top cop in 1957-65, and mayor of Madrid in 1965-73, he replaces 11 of 19 cabinet ministers with the same old same old men loyal to Franco? On Jan. 3 Bob Dylan (b. 1941) begins his Before the Flood Tour, his first concert tour since 1966 when he was involved in a near-fatal motorcycle accident, giving 40 performances in 25 cities, beginning in Chicago, Ill. On Jan. 3 David Croft's and Jimmy Perry's It Ain't Half Hot Mum debuts on BBC-TV (until Sept. 3, 1981), starring Indian-born Hindi-speaking Michael Bates (1920-78) as Rangi Ram, Windsor Davies (1930-) as Battery Sgt. Maj. Tudor Brynne "Shut Up" Williams, George Layton (Lowry) (1943-), Donald Hewlett (1922-) as Lt. Col. Charles Reynolds, Melvyn Hayes (1935-) as Gunner/Bombardier Gloria Beaumont, and 4'9" Don Estelle (Ronald Edwards) (1933-2003) as Gunner Harold "Lofty" Sugden in a racial stereotyping spoof about the Royal Artillery Concert Party at the Royal Artillery Depot Deolali in British India and Burma in WWII. On Jan. 4 Pres. Nixon pocket-vetoes a bill that would have allowed cities to use some federal funds to purchase buses. On Jan. 4 Pres. Nixon refuses to hand over 500 tape recordings and documents subpoenaed by the Senate Watergate Committee, citing executive privilege; on Jan. 4 after meeting with Nixon for two hours, and listening to him deny any knowledge or involvement with Watergate, and after the "Saxbe Fix" of reducing his salary to a level before his Senate term began to get around the Ineligibility Clause of the U.S. Constitution, straight arrow U.S. Sen. (R-Ohio) (since 1969) William Bart Saxbe (1916-) (known for opposing the ABM program, for helping develop a 2-track system of moving legislation through the Senate, and for working to get aid to East Bengal and discontinue it to Pakistan, but more importantly, known for doubting Nixon's innocence in Watergate, calling Haldeman and Ehrlichman "a couple of Nazis", and uttering the soundbyte that Nixon sounds "like the fellow who played the piano in a brothel for 20 years and insisted that he didn't know what was going on upstairs", giving beleaguered Nixon his perfect choice) becomes U.S. atty.-gen. #70 (until Feb. 2, 1975), taking over for Robert Bork as permanent replacement for fired Elliot Richardson; after Nixon resigns, he resigns to become U.S. ambassador to India until Nov. 20, 1976; meanwhile Hillary Rodham Clinton (1947-) becomes a member of the impeachment inquiry staff in Washington, D.C., advising the House Committee on the Judiciary under the guidance of chief counsel John Michael Doar (1921-) (asst. U.S. atty. gen. in 1960-7) and senior member Bernard W. Nussbaum (1937-), researching procedures of impeachment and the historical grounds and standards, culiminating in the resignation of Pres. Richard Nixon on Aug. 9, 1974 (please call me Misses Grammy?); too bad, she is allegedly fired by her supervisor Jerry Zeifman "because she was a liar, she was an unethical, dishonest lawyer, she conspired to violate the Constitution, the rules of the House, the rules of the Committee, and the rules of confidentiality" after she, Doar, Nussbaum et al. conspire to deny Pres. Nixon legal counsel through dirty tricks, although it is not made public, and there is no proof that would stand up in court?; this work causes her political star to rise; meanwhile longtime (since 1971) everready beau Bill Clinton keeps proposing marriage, and they get in an ego war about who has the biggest balls, causing it to stall until she fails the Washington D.C. bar exam and passes the easier Ark. one, then moves to Fayetteville, Ark. in Aug. 1974 and says I do to a new job as one of only two female faculty members in the School of Law at the U. of Ark. - like a good neighbor State Farm is there? On Jan. 4 Burlington, Vt.-born Tacoma, Wash.-raised serial rapist-murderer Theodore Robert "Ted" Bundy (Cowell) (1946-89) attacks Joni Lenz in her bedroom in Wash. state, leaving her severely beaten, becoming his first victim, followed by Lynda Ann Healy on Feb. 1, Donna Gail Manson on Mar. 12, Susan Elaine Rancourt on Apr. 17, Janice Ott and Denise Naslund on July 14, and dozens of others in Wash., Ore., Colo., Utah, and Fla., the last known one being 12-y.-o. Kimberly Diane Leach in Lake City, Fla. on Feb. 9, 1978; he later confesses to 30 murders in seven states in 1974-8, but authorities estimate 100+, becoming the world's first serial murderer; on Jan. 24, 1989 he is electrocuted at Fla. State Prison in Bradford County. On Jan. 6 Daylight Savings Time beings 4 mo. early in the U.S. as a response to the energy crisis. On Jan. 8 Sweden begins rationing gasoline and heating oil, becoming the first W European country. On Jan. 9 the Cambodian govt. begins a military drive to avert an insurgent attack on Phnom Penh. On Jan. 9 NASA astronaut Jack Lousma presents Colo. Repub. gov. (1973-5) John D. Vanderhoof (a WWII fighter pilot) with two sets of Moon rocks; in 2010 one set, the Apollo 17 Goodwill Moon Rock is found in his Grand Junction, Colo. home, worth $5M; it ends up on display at the Colo. School of Mines Geology Museum; "It's just memories of old stuff I had... I offered them to museums and college, nobody got excited about it." On Jan. 11-18 after several rounds of "shuttle diplomacy" by U.S. secy. of state Henry Kissinger, Israel and Egypt come to terms and sign a Separation of Forces Agreement, agreeing to troop disengagements, with Israel withdrawing fom the W bank of the Suez Canal while Egypt reoccupies the E bank and a U.N. buffer zone is set up between the two; the Suez Canal remains closed to traffic until Sept. 4, 1975. On Jan. 11 the Rosenkowitz Sextuplets (David, Nicolette, Jason, Emma, Grant, Elizabeth) are born to parents Susan and Colin in Cape Town, South Africa. On Jan. 12 Chile's govt. begins press censorship. On Jan. 13 Super Bowl VIII (8) is held in Houston, Tex.; the Miami Dolphins (AFC) defeat the Minn. Vikings (NFC) and their Purple People Eaters and scrambling QB (#10) Francis Asbury "Fran" Tarkenton (1940-) 24-7, winning their 2nd straight; Dolphins QB Robert Allen "Bob" Griese (1945-) only throws seven passes; Dolphins RB Lawrence Richard "Larry" Csonka (1946-) rushes for 145 yards and 2 TDs and becomes the first RB to become Super Bowl MVP; a 30-sec. commercial costs $103K. On Jan. 14-18 the IMF meets in Rome to discuss higher Middle East oil prices. On Jan. 15 Brazil elects Gen. Ernesto Beckmann Geisel (1908-96) as pres. #29 of Brazil (until Mar. 15, 1979), succeeding Gen. Emilio Garrastazu Medici, with Gen. Adalberto Pereira dos Santos (1905-84) as vice-pres. #19 of Brazil (until Mar. 1`5, 1979); they are sworn-in on Mar. 15, and Geisel makes a nearly complete sweep of cabinet ministers on Mar. 17. On Jan. 15 the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe reconvenes in Geneva. On Jan. 15 (Tue.) Garry Marshall's Happy Days, a spinoff of "Love, American Style" set in the 1950s debuts on ABC-TV for 255 episodes (until Sept. 24, 1984), starring Ronald William "Ron" Howard (1954-) (Opie Taylor in "The Andy Griffith Show") as Richie Cunningham, son of hardware store owners Howard and Marion Cunningham, played by Thomas Edward "Tom" Bosley (1927-2010) and Marion Ross (1928-); Erin Marie Moran (1960-) plays Richie's sister Joan; Henry Franklin Winkler (1945-) plays leather jacket-wearing greaser mechanic Arthur "the Fonz" Fonzarelli, who slowly rises in popularity and takes over the show; also stars Anson Williams (1949-) as Warren "Potsie" Weber, Donny Most (1953-) as Ralph Malph, and Scott Vincent James Baio (1961-) as the Fonz's cousin Chachi Arcola; Am. singer Susan Kay "Suzi" Quatro (1950-), who is a big hit in Europe but not in the U.S. has a recurring role where she parodies herself. On Jan. 17 the worst gales in 20 years in the English Channel sink two ships, killing 26 crew. On Jan. 18 (Fri.) after three TV movies in 1973, the TV series The Six Million Dollar Man, based on the 1972 novel "Cyborg" by Martin Caidin debuts on ABC-TV for 106 episodes (until Mar. 6, 1978), starring Lee Majors (Harvey Lee Yeary) (1939-) as astronaut Steve Austin, whose Northrop HL-10 crashed and his body was rebuilt, with his right arm, left eye, and both legs replaced by bionic implants that make him into a superman. On Jan. 19 France decides to allow its currency to float freely in the internat. money markets. On Jan. 19-20 Chinese jets and troops take the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea from the South Vietnamese. On Jan. 21 the 93rd U.S. Congress opens its 2nd session. On Jan. 21 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-2 in Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur that pregnant teachers can no longer be forced to take long leaves of absence because they violate the 5th Amendment's Due Process Clause and the 14th Amendment; dissenters incl. Justices Warren E. Burger and William Rehnquist. On Jan. 21 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida that there is federal subject-matter jurisdiction for possessory land claims brought by Native Am. tribes based upon aboriginal title, the 1790 U.S. Nonintercourse Act, and Indian treaties, becoming the first modern-day Native Am. land claim litigated in federal court rather than before the Indian Claims Commission, and the first to go to final judgment. On Jan. 22 (Tue.) William A. Graham's Get Christie Love!, based on the novel "The Ledger" by Dorothy Uhnak debuts on ABC-TV for 23 episodes (until Apr. 5, 1975), starring "Laugh-in" star Teresa (Terresa) Graves (1948-2002) as an undercover police detective, known for the soundbyte "You're under arrest, Sugah!", becoming the first African-Am. female lead in a U.S. network TV drama until Kerry Washington in "Scandal" (2012); too bad, she converts to Jehovah's Witness, causing scripts to have to be cleaned-up of sex and violence, making it a bore? On Jan. 22-23 heads of 10 Canadian provinces meet in Ottawa to discuss oil policy. On Jan. 23 the U.S. Dept. of Interior issues a permit for the construction of the Trans-Alaska pipeline after being blocked by environmentalists since 1970. On Jan. 23 a fire in a Roman Catholic school dormitory in Heusden, Belgium kills 23 boys. On Jan. 24 a bus skids off a mountain road in C Taiwan, killing 49. On Jan. 26 the Turkish cabinet is reformed, with poet-journalist Mustafa Bulent (Bülent) Ecevit (1925-2006) of the Repub. People's Party as PM (until Nov. 17). On Jan. 26 a jetliner crashes during takeoff in Izmir, Turkey, killing 63 of 75 aboard. On Jan. 27-29 after heavy rains, a flood strikes Brisbane in Queensland, Australia after the Brisbane River overflows, killing 16 and causing $800M damage (Australian dollars) after 6K flooded homes can't be restored. On Jan. 30 Pres. Nixon delivers his 1974 State of the Union Message to Congress, uttering the famous last words: "One year of Watergate is enough"; meanwhile Watergate conspirator G. Gordon Libby is found guilty. On Jan. 30 a Pan Am World Airways Boeing 707 carring 101 passengers and crew crashes during a landing attempt near Pago Pago, killing 92. On Jan. 31 independent U.S. truckers begin a strike over higher fuel costs and lower speed limits; it ends on Feb. 11. In Jan. the U.N. reports that 1K people are dying each week from famine in Ethiopia (begun 1971), that kills 1.5M total; hundreds of thousands die from the 1974 Bangladesh Famine in Mar.-Dec.; meanwhile human ecologist Garrett James Hardin (1915-2003) from well-fed Dallas, Tex. stinks himself up with the article Living in a Lifeboat in BioScience mag., arguing that no food should be sent to Ethiopia since that would add to its overpop., which is the root problem, and on Nov. 5-16 the First World Food Conference in Rome of 135 nations sees the U.S. refuse to commit more food to needy countries, citing tight supplies and the need for countries to control their er, pop., to which it responds with the proclamation "Every man, woman and child has the inalienable right to be free from hunger and malnutrition in order to develop their physical and mental faculties" - we whites don't want to keep sending them blacks free food forever, now do we? In Jan. a major smallpox epidemic (one of the worst of the 20th cent.) breaks out in India, killing 15K by May, and disfiguring or blinding thousands, causing WHO to pump up its smallpox eradication program and predict the end of smallpox in Asia by June, 1975. In Jan. a UFO crashes in the Andes in Peru, and the govt. covers it up? On Feb. 1 the Malaysian capital of Kuala Lumpur is declared a federal territory. On Feb. 1 a fire in the upper stories of the new 25-story Joelma Bank Bldg. in Sao Paulo, Brazil kills 179 and injures 300+ of 756, many leaping to their deaths - caliente! On Feb. 8 Norman Mailer's black sitcom Good Times (a spinoff of "Maude", which is a spinoff of "All in the Family") debuts on CBS-TV for 133 episodes (until Aug. 1, 1979), created by Chicago-born black writer Eric Monte (Kenneth Williams) (1943-) (who goes on to create "The Jeffersons" and "What's Happening!", then ends up on skid row in 2006 after becoming a crack addict), starring Bronx, N.Y.-born James Carter "Jimmie" Walker (1947-) as James "Jimmie" "J.J." Evans Jr., whose "Dy-no-mite" phrase becomes a craze, and Fla.-born Esther Rolle (1920-98) (Maude's former housekeeper) and N.J.-born John Amos Jr. (1939-) as his parents Florida Evans and James Evans Sr. On Feb. 3 Chmn. Mao announces yet another cultural rev. in Chit for Chinola. In Feb. 3 the 2nd Bathurst Gaol Riot in N.S.W., Australia sees prisoners use petrol bombs to destroy the facility, causing $10M in damage, after which the N.S.W. Supreme Court appoints a royal commision to oversee prison reforms. On Feb. 4 Pres. Nixon submits a $304.4B budget to Congress for fiscal 1975, becoming the first federal budget exceeding $300B. On Feb. 4 an IRA bomb in a coach carrying British soldiers and their families to an army base in Catterick kills 11 and injures 12 on the M62 Motorway in Yorkshire, England. The classic case of a white babe who tastes some black and never wants to come back? On Feb. 4 19-y.-o. Am. newspaper heiress Patricia Campbell "Patty" Hearst (1954-), granddaughter of late newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) is kidnapped from her apt. in Berkeley, Calif. by two black male and one white female terrorists calling themselves the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), who also beat her math tutor boyfriend (UCB philosophy grad student) Steven Weed (1957-); on Feb. 12 the SLA sends a letter to KPFA 94.1 FM Radio in Berkeley demanding $230M in free food for the poor and social justice, plus $2M in ransom; on Feb. 19 cheapo daddy Hearst announces a $2M food giveaway program called People in Need, but before it's over she joins them, adopts the name Tanya (Che Guevara's girlfriend), and on Apr. 3 announces on tape her "decision to stay"; on Apr. 3 a tape-recorded statement sent to KSAN Radio by Patty Hearst denounces her family, and says that she has decided "to stay and fight" with the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) (how many times as big as she's used to?); on Apr. 15 she helps the SLA rob the Sunset Branch of the Hibernia Bank in San Francisco of $10,960, an automatic camera at the bank taking a famous photo of Hearst (alias Tanya) holding a submachine gun; on May 16 SLA members William "Bill" Harris (1945-) and Emily Harris (Emily Montague Schwartz) (1947-) get caught shoplifting ammo at the Mel's Sporting Goods store in Inglewood, Calif., getting in a shootout with owner Bill Huett and escaping in a stolen red VW bus with driver Patty Hearst - the power of black ideals, or the ideal power of black mamba snake? On Feb. 7 Grenada (one of six islands in the West Indies Associated States) wins its independence from Britain after 200+ years, with Sir Leo Victor de Gale (1921-86) as gov.-gen. #1 (until Sept. 30, 1978), who is considered the viceroy of Queen Elizabeth II; premier (since 1967) Sir Eric Matthew Gairy (1922-97) becomes PM #1 (until Mar. 13, 1979), going on to give speeches on UFOs at the U.N. to lobby it to create a UFO research agency, and curbing civil liberties to control street violence caused by his own mental instability and dictatorial ways, causing the Marxist New Jewel (New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation) Movement rebel group led by Mario Marcel Salas (1949-) to be set up in San Antonio, Tex. On Feb. 8 the crew of Skylab 4 returns to Earth after a record 84 days in orbit. On Feb. 9 (Sat.) the Ted Baxter Meets Walter Cronkite episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show is first aired. Say hello to the can-doers in Britain, not? On Feb. 10 after a 1-mo. slowdown backed by Communists that caused Britain to adopt a 3-day work week, British coal miners go on strike; on Feb. 27 British Conservative PM (since June 19, 1970) Edward Heath calls the Feb. 1974 British gen. election for Feb. 28, which is a close V for Labour (301 vs. 297 seats), causing Heath to resign on Mar. 4 after failing to form a coalition govt. with the Liberal Party, leaving Labour Party leader (PM in 1964-70) Harold Wilson (1916-95) to return as PM on Mar. 4 (until Apr. 5, 1976), leading the first minority govt. in 45 years (1929), going on to fight 19.1% inflation and economic decline, and preside over a referendum on joining the European Economic Community (EEC); on Mar. 6 the coal strike ends after receiving a 35% pay raise (from $85 to $122 per week for underground workers, and from $58 to $78 per week for surface workers), after which the Nat. Coal Board boosts prices by 28% in Sept., and coal workers reject the concept of incentives to boost productivity; on Oct. 10 the Oct. 1974 British gen. election sees the Labour Party narrowly retain power (319 vs. 277 seats). On Feb. 12 the Soviet space probe Mars 5 (launched July 25) enters Mars orbit and begins relaying imaging data for the Mars 6 and Mars 7 missions; on Aug. 5 Mars 6 (launched Aug. 5) flies by and ejects a lander that transmits atmospheric data during descent before crashing; Mars 7 (launched Aug. 9) flies by and ejects a lander that misses Mars completely. On Feb. 12 U.S. district court judge George Boldt rules that Native Am. tribes in Washington State are entitled to half the annual salmon and steelhead catches based on 1854-5 treaties, pissing-off paleface fishermen, who begin a violent war until the U.S. Supreme Court affirms the decision on July 2, 1979; on Mar. 2, 1964 actor Marlon Brando was arrested with Puyallup tribal leader Bob Satiacum while staging a fish-in, launching the campaign leading to the court V. On Feb. 13 major oil-consuming nations propose internat. cooperation in dealing with the Arab oil embargo. On Feb. 13 Nobel Prize winner Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) is finally arrested by the KGB and deported from the Soviet Union to West Germany and stripped of his citizenship for his 1973 whistleblower book The Gulag Archipelago, ending up in Vt., not returning until 1994 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union - love it or leave it? On Feb. 14 after closing the Rupee Deal, U.S. ambassador to India (1973-5) Daniel Patrick Moynihan presents a check for 16,640,000,000 rupees to the govt. of India to fund an educational-cultural exchange program, becoming the world's largest check (until ?). On Feb. 15 U.S. gas stations threaten to close because of federal fuel policies. On Feb. 16 Canada signs a 3-year $9M technical assistance agreement with Cuba to expand food industries; later in Feb. Argentina grants Cuba a $1.2B agreement. On Feb. 17 a flood in NW Argentina kills 60. On Feb. 17 soccer fans in Cairo, Egypt stampede while looking for seats, killing 49 and injuring 47. On Feb. 20 Atlanta Constitution ed. J. Reginald "Reg" Murphy (1933-) is kidnapped by a group calling itself the Am. Rev. Army; he is released unharmed on Feb. 24 after his newspaper pays a $700K ransom. On Feb. 20 Japanese WWII 2nd Lt. Hiroo Onoda (1922-) is discovered on the Philippine island of Lubang, where he had hidden for over 29 years not knowing that the war was over? On Feb. 21 a report is released claiming that the use of defoliants by the U.S will scar Vietnam for a cent. On Feb. 21 a freight train collides with a passenger train in Uttar Pradesh, India, killing 40. On Feb. 22 Cesar Chavez begins a UFW march from Union Square in San Francisco, Calif. to Gallo HQ in Modesto. On Feb. 22 unemployed tire salesman Samuel Joseph Byck (1930-74) attempts to hijack a Delta DC-9 airplane at Baltimore-Washington Internat. Airport in order to crash into the White House in Washington, D.C. and kill Pres. Nixon, killing pilot Fred Jones and aviation officer George Neal Ramsburg before being seriously wounded and shooting himself in the head. On Feb. 22-24 the 2nd Islamic Summit Conference of the Org. of the Islamic Conference (OIC) is held in Lahore, Pakistan, featuring Chinese PM Zhou Enlai sending them a message of congratulation; the next meeting is in Jan. 1981. On Feb. 25 Pres. Nixon's personal atty. Herbert W. Kalmbach (1921-) pleads guilty to two charges of illegal campaign financing, and receives a $10K fine and does 191 days in jail. On Feb. 27 the first issue of the 35-cent weekly People mag. appears, featuring a photo of actress Mia Farrow from the film "The Great Gatsby"; it goes on to pioneer coverage of gay, bi, and transgender people; it is pub. by Time Inc. to make up for the demise of Life in 1972, and turns a profit within 18 mo. On Feb. 28 the U.S. normalizes diplomatic relations with Egypt for the 1st time since 1967. On Feb. 28 after famine in Wollo in NE Ethiopia rages (1K die per week) and a cab driver strike escalates into riots and demonstrations against inflation and unemployment, while mutinying officers in Asmara (capital of Eritrea) form the Armed Forces Coordinating Committee for Peaceful Solutions, emperor Haile Selassie I dismisses PM (since 1961) Tsehafi Taezaz Akilu Habtewold (who had been running domestic policy so that the emperor could concentrate on foreign affairs), and hands over many of his powers to PM (last) Endelkachew Makonnen (1927-74) (until Nov. 24) (executed); in Mar. peasants try to take land from absentee landlords, resulting in 10 deaths. In Feb. Dreyfus Liquid Assets becomes the first money-market fund available to the gen. public, heretofore only available in denominations of $100K or more; by 1980 there are 100+ money-market funds. In Feb. Streaking (nude running in public to make a statement, win a bet, etc.) becomes a rage after 25-y.-o. Jesus-lookalike Michael O'Brien of Australia becomes the first to streak at a sporting event, a rugby game between England and France with 53K in attendance in Twickenham, England, incl. Princess Alexandra, causing Constable Bruce Perry to cover his bruised berries, er, crotch with his helmet; the photo becomes Life mag.'s picture of the year; after claiming he did it for a Ł10 bet, the court fines him the same amount, and he loses his job with a London stockbroker firm; on Mar. 18 the London Daily Mirror carries the first front page picture of a streaker, an attractive blonde named Sally Cooper being nailed, er, pinned against a wall by a London bobby; meanwhile U.S. college students begin streaking between dorms, and 5K streak on Cumberland Ave. in Knoxville, Tenn., causing Walter Cronkite to call it "the Streaking Capital of the World", which combined with laws criminalizing the lassoing of fish and requiring businesses to have a hitching post in front, makes for a great town?; on Apr. 30, 1982 me-too Erika Roe streaks topless before 60K at Twickenham on TV during a rugby match between England and Australia. On Mar. 1 the Watergate grand jury indicts seven Nixon aides (incl. H.R. Haldeman and John D. Ehrlichman), along with former U.S. atty.-gen. John N. Mitchell, and former asst. U.S. atty.-gen. Robert Charles Mardian (1923-2006) (Armenian-Am.) on charges of conspiring to obstruct justice in connection with the Watergate burglary; they are convicted next Jan., and Mardian's conviction is later reversed. On Mar. 2 Burma's pres. U Ne Win returns political power to the People's Assembly after 12 years of dictatorial rule. On Mar. 2 Italy's 35th govt. since WWII collapses, causing PM Mariano Rumor to resign and attempt to form govt #36. On Mar. 3 Turkish Airlines Flight 981 (DC-10) crashes shortly after takeoff from Orly Airport in Paris in Ermenonville Forest near Senlis after a cargo door blows off, killing all 345 aboard, becoming the worst aviation disaster until the 1977 Tenerife disaster, and deadliest single-airliner disaster until the 1985 Japan Airlines Flight 123 crash; highest death toll of any aviation accident in France (until ?); highest death toll of any DC-10 accident (until ?). On Mar. 4 50 women's groups from three states picket the New York Times to protest its refusal to bow to their demands to use the designations "Ms.", "spokesperson", "chairperson" et al., and to give more coverage to women's news; they don't bow to their demands until the 1980s, bringing up the rear among major newspapers. On Mar. 7 Nixon aides John D. Ehrlichman, Charles W. Colson, and four others are indicted in connection with the burglary of Pentagon Papers defendant (Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist) Lewis J. Fielding. On Mar. 8 a plane crashes in Hanoi, North Vietnam, killing 16 Algerian journalists and radio reporters who were covering pres. Houari Boumedienne's tour of Asian capitals. On Mar. 8 Internat. Women's Day (named after a 1908 demonstration by needle workers in New York City, and made historic by the 1917 St. Petersburg demonstration of women demanding "bread and peace" which helped bring Tsar Nicholas II down) sees women demonstrate in Saigon et al.; Australia recognizes it this year, followed by the U.N. next year. On Mar. 9 Turkey lifts its 2-year ban on poppy farming despite U.S. pressure. On Mar. 10 a booby trap bomb in an abandoned car intended by the Provisional IRA for the British army in Drumintee, near Forkill, County Armagh kills two Catholic civilians; on Dec. 14 Provisional IRA snipers kill two soldiers in Killeavy near Forkhill. On Mar. 12 Carlos Andres Perez Rodriguez (CAP) (1922-2010) AKA El Gocho becomes pres. of Venezuela (until Mar. 12, 1979), vowing to nationalize the oil industry, turning Venezuela into the Saudi Arabia of South Am.; as late as 2005 gas prices in the country are around $3 a tank. On Mar. 13 a chartered Sierra Pacific Airlines Convair CV-440 carrying TV actors and a camera crew crashes into a mountain ridge near Bishop, Calif., killing all 36 aboard. On Mar. 15 a Danish airliner catches fire on a runway in Tehran, Iran, killing 29. On Mar. 18 the 5-mo. Second Arab Oil Embargo on the U.S. (begun Oct. 17, 1973) is lifted by seven Arab countries (most of the Arab oil-producing nations), but OPEC continues to raise prices until 1986, fanning recession and inflation. On Mar. 20 a kidnap attempt on Princess Anne and Capt. Mark Phillips in Pall Mall in their Rolls Royce wounds their chaffeur Alex Callendar, bodyguard and a bobby before kidnapper Ian Ball is captured. On Mar. 21 the U.S. and Sweden end a 15-mo. rift over Swedish criticism of the U.S. bombing of North Vietnam by naming new ambassadors. On Mar. 22 the Viet Cong propose a new truce with the U.S. and South Vietnam, which incl. gen. elections. On Mar. 25 a storm in the Bay of Bengal along the S coast of Bangladesh kills 300. On Mar. 26 the Chipko Anti-Deforestation Movement in India begins as 28 women led by Gaura Devi form circles around trees, hugging them to stop them from being felled in Reni village, Henwalghati, Chamoli District, Uttarakhand. On Mar. 27 floods almost destroy the city of Tubarao in S Brazil, killing 1.5K and leaving 60K homeless. On Mar. 27 the U.S. consulate in Mexico reveals that commercial attache John Patterson (1943-) was kidnapped a week earlier, causing U.S. atty.-gen. William Saxbe to postpone his trip there. On Mar. 27 the Betz Family of Ft. George Island (E of Jacksonville), Fla. finds a strange 8 in. diam. silvery metallic orb with an enlongated triangle symbol that gains internat. news as coming from outer space; in 2012 it is recognized as a ball valve from the St. Regis Co. paper mill. On Mar. 29 eight Ohio Nat. Guardsmen are indicted on charges stemming from the shooting deaths of four students at Kent State U.; they are acquitted on Nov. 8. On Mar. 31 British Airways is founded by the British govt. in Waterside near London Heathrow Airport to manage British European Airways, British Overseas Airways Corp., Cambrian Airways, and Northeast Airlines, going on to become a big fan of the Boeing 747-400 and Boeing 777; it is privatized in Feb. 1987 by the Conservative govt. of Margaret Thatcher, and acquires British Caledonian in 1987, Dan-Air in 1992, and British Midland Internat. in 2012. In Mar. ministers of the six European Common Market nations meet in Brussels, but fail to agree on a joint agriculture policy since nobody wants to cut their prices or production. In Mar. Yale Nursing School dean (since 1959) ("Mother of the American Hospice Movement") Florence Wald (Florence Sophie Schorske) (1917-2008) et al. found Conn. Hospice, the first hospice program in the U.S. In Mar.-Apr. disastrous floods in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil kill 1.5K-3K and leave 250K homeless. On Apr. 1 the U.S. Supreme Court upholds the 1970 Bank Secrecy Act that allows the federal govt. access to personal bank records - nobody is safe from the IRS? On Apr. 1 (dawn) the Cunard QE2 ocean liner (launched in 1967) en route from New York City to St. Thomas, Virgin Islands is cripped by a triple boiler breakdown; after it drifts for 36 hours while engineers try to make repairs in vain, the 1,632 passengers are transferred to Bermuda, leaving most of the 940 crew aboard. On Apr. 2 French pres. (since 1969) Georges Pompidou (b. 1911) dies of cancer in Paris, and Senate pres. Alain Poher (1909-96) becomes acting pres. for 7 weeks. On Apr. 2 the 46th Academy Awards in Los Angeles, Calif. are graced by unscheduled streaker Robert Opel (1979-) of San Francisco; the best picture Oscar for 1973 goes to Universal's (Bill Phillips and George Roy Hill) The Sting, along with best dir. to George Roy Hill; best actor goes to Jack Lemmon for Save the Tiger, best actress to Glenda Jackson for A Touch of Class, best supporting actor to John Houseman for The Paper Chase, and best supporting actress to Tatum O'Neal for Paper Moon (her jealous daddy Ryan O'Neal fails to show up at the awards ceremony?). On Apr. 3 after requesting the Joint Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation of the Congress to check him out, Pres. Nixon agrees to pay $476,531 in back taxes and interest - that proves he isn't a crook, remember his dear old dog Checkers? Sit! Sit! Sit! Sit? On Apr. 3 U.S. Lutheran and Catholic theologians issue the Lutheran-Catholic Statement on Papal Primacy, ending a 400-year disagreement. The original Xenia Onatop? On Apr. 3-4 the the 1974 Super Tornado OUtbreaks sees 148 tornadoes (incl. 30 F4/F5) in 13 U.S. states and the province of Ont., Canada incl. Ill., Ind., Ky., Mich., Ala., Miss., Ga., N.C. Va., W. Va., Tenn, and N.Y., causing $843M damage, killing 336 and injuring 5K, becoming the worst tornado outbreak in U.S. history (until ?), and the first tornado outbreak in history with 100+ tornadoes in a 24-hour period until the 1981 U.K. Tornado Outbreak and the 2011 U.S. Super Tornado Outbreak; on Apr. 4 Xenia, Ohio (founded 1803) (a suburb of Dayton) is hit by a F5 tornado and half destroyed along a quarter-mi. swath, killing 34 and injuring 1,150 and leaving 10K homeless, with $500M property damage; 10 states are declared nat. disaster areas, incl. Ala. (87 killed), Ga. (17), Ill. (2), Ind. (31), Ky. (88), Mich. (3), N.C. (7), Ohio (45), Tenn. (53), and W.V. (1) after Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Disaster Relief Act on May 22, allowing U.S. presidents to declare disaster areas; in 1988 it is amended and named after U.S. Rep. (R-Vt.) (1961-71) and U.S. Sen. (R-Vt.) (1971-89) Robert Theodore Stafford (1913-2006), who goes on to become known for backing the 2000 Vt. law legalizing same-sex civil unions. On Apr. 4 NATO observes its 25th anniv. in Brussels - underpaid phone monkeys exempted? On Apr. 4 a plane carrying gold miners to Malawi catches fire and crashes in Francistown, Botswana, killing 77 of 83 aboard, becoming Malawi's first major air disaster. On Apr. 5 Laotian king Savang Vathana decrees a coalition govt., incl. reps. from the Communist Pathet Lao Party. On Apr. 8 Pres. Nixon signs a bill boosting the U.S. minimum wage from $1.60 to $2.30 an hour by Jan. 1, 1976. On Apr. 10 after being reelected on Mar. 10, Israeli PM (since 1969) Golda Meir announces her resignation along with her 1-mo. coalition govt. because of schisms in her Labor Party over military planning errors, and on June 3 Jerusalem-born Yitzhak Rabin (1922-95) becomes Israeli PM #5 (until Apr. 22, 1977) (first native-born PM), leading a 3-party coalition govt. On Apr. 10 an editorial in the New York Times by William Safire is titled Et Tu, Gerry?, tasking him for speculating what changes he'd made in the cabinet if he become pres.; on Apr. 17 Pres. Ford is interviewed by Thomas M. DeFrank, who tells him that despite his public statements that Nixon will survive he's finished, after which Ford says "You're right, but when the pages of history are written, nobody can say I contributed to it"; he then makes him promise not to tell anybody "until I'm dead", after which DeFrank dutifully waits until Oct. 2007 to tell the public. On Apr. 11 the House Judiciary Committee presents a subpoena to Pres. Nixon to produce tapes for an impeachment inquiry; meanwhile Rev. Billy Graham reads transcripts of the White House Tapes and calls them "a profoundly disturbing and disappointing experience". On Apr. 11 United Mine Workers (UMW) pres. (1963-72) William Anthony "Tough Tony" Boyle (1904-85) is found guilty of first-degree murder for ordering the Dec. 31, 1969 assassination of rival union reformer Joseph Albert "Jock" Yablonski (1910-69) along with his wife and daughter at their Clarksdale, Penn. home, and is sentenced to three consecutive life terms; on Jan. 28, 1977 the Penn. Supreme Court overturns the conviction after finding that a govt. auditor should have been allowed to testify; he is found guilty again in Feb. 1978, and this time his appeal is denied and he goes to priz for life. On Apr. 15 an army coup ousts pres. (since 1960) Hamani Diori of Niger after he mishandles relief for the drought devastating Niger and five neighboring sub-Saharan nations; on Apr. 17 army chief of staff Lt. Col. Seyni Kountche (Kountché) (1931-87) becomes Niger pres. #2 (until Nov. 10, 1987), installing a 12-man military govt. after suspending the constitution and releasing political prisoners, claiming a need to direct an economic recovery; 200K tons of imported food (half from the U.S.) ends the famine by the end of the year, and Kountche forges new links with Arab states. On Apr. 15 a FBI investigation links Patty Hearst to a San Francisco bank robbery. On Apr. 16 Ga.-born Dem.-turned-Repub. U.S. Army Secy. #11 (1973-5) Howard Hollis "Bo" Callaway (1927-) halves the 10-year sentence of former Army Lt. William L. Calley Jr., allowing him to receive parole without serving any prison time, only house arrest; in 1976 Callaway becomes Gerald R. Ford's campaign mgr., and stages an unsuccessful bid for the Colo. Sen. seat of Dem. Gary Hart in 1980, after which his son-in-law Terry Considine does ditto for the Colo. Sen. seat of Dem. Ben Nighthorse Campbell in 1992; Calley finally breaks his silence and apologizes in Aug. 2009. On Apr. 16 British rock group Queen stages it first show in the U.S. at Regis U. in Denver, Colo. On Apr. 17 Frank McGee (b. 1921) dies of bone cancer, and Jim Hartz (1940-) takes over as co-host of NBC-TV's The Today Show (until 1976). On Apr. 18 the U.S. Dept. of Commerce announces a 5.8% drop in the GNP for the first quarter of 1974, the largest since 1958. On Apr. 20 mutual airline service begins between Japan +and China. On Apr. 21 after the first free elections in 20 years, Alfonso Lopez Michelsen (1913-2007) is elected, and on Aug. 7 becomes pres. #51 of Colombia (until Aug. 7, 1978); his inaugural speech uses the native name Gulf of Coquibacoa for the Gulf of Venezuela; on Sept. 14-15 a bloody riot in Bogota over food shortages and unemployment kills 80 and injures 2K. On Apr. 22 Pan Am Flight 812 (Boeing 707) en route from Hong Kong to Sydney crashes on the island of Bali at Tinga-Tinga (near Denpasar), Indonesia, killing all 107 passengers and crew. On Apr. 23 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules in DeFunis v. Odegaard that it won't decide the case of law student Marco DeFunis, who had been denied admission to the U. of Wash. Law School because of affirmative action because he had been provisionally admitted and was about to graduate, making the case moot, neatly sidestepping the issue of affirmative action until Regents of the U. of Calif. v. Bakke (1978). On Apr. 24 the U.S. District Court for Colo. rules in Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado to order the school system of Denver, Colo. desegregated via busing, causing massive white flight to the suburbs, causing it to be more racially segregated than ever by Sept. 16, 1995, when it is allowed to drop the program by U.S. Judge Richard Matsch. On Apr. 25 leftist officers in the armed forces led by Maj. Ernesto Augusto de Melo Antunes (1939-) ("an intellectual in uniform"), author of the Document of the Nine (Captains' Manifesto) launch the bloodless (red carnations in their gunbarrels) Captains' (Carnation) (25th of Apr.) Rev. in Portugal, deposing PM (since 1968) Marcelo Caetano (who flees to Brazil), ending 40 years of civilian dictatorship (1933), and forming a Nat. Salvation Junta to supervise the restoration of democracy; too bad, the April Rev. in Angola reverses Portugal's stand against its independence; on May 15 after the new civilian govt. falls apart, conservative monocled Gen. Antonio Sebastiao (Sebastiăo) Ribeiro de Spinola (1910-96) (who pub. a critique in Feb. of the dictatorship's African policy, and whom Caetano insisted on surrendering to) becomes provisional pres., going on to abolish the secret police, release political prisoners, promise to restore democracy in Portugal's African colonies, and resume diplomatic relations with Cuba for the 1st time since 1917, pissing-off NATO, who fear that the new govt. will leak secrets; with guerrillas already controlling most of the countryside, Portugal gives up Portuguese Guinea, which on Sept. 10 becomes the Repub. of Guinea-Bissau, with Luis Severino de Almeida Cabral (1931-2009) as pres. #1 on Sept. 24 (until Nov. 14, 1980); Ernesto Melo Antunes is the main megotiator of the independence; on Sept. 15 Spinola meets with Zaire pres. Mobutu Sese Seko on Sal Island, Cape Verde over the future of Angola, and on Sept. 30 he resigns in protest of rushed attempts to dismantle the colonial empire, saying that "a general climate of anarchy" exists; he is succeeded by Gen. Francisco da Costa Gomes (1914-2001) (until July 13, 1976), who is known for fighting liberation movements in Moazambique in 1965-9, but now recognizes decolonization as inevitable; Portugal still has control of Angola, Mozambique, and East Timor; next Mar. Spanish PM Carlos Arias Novarro meets with U.S. deputy state secy. (1974-6) Robert Stephen Ingersoll (1914-2010), and offers to invade Portugal to stop the spread of godless Communism, but Ingersoll is satisfied with Spain remaining non-Communist and allowing the U.S. to keep its military bases there in return for supporting a future NATO membership. On Apr. 25 giant landslides along the Mantaro River in the Andes of Peru bury one entire village, killing all 500 residents. On Apr. 27 an Aeroflot Ilyushin 18 tuboprop crashes after takeoff in Leningrad, Russia, killing 118. On Apr. 27 a Lewis's Dept. Store in Manchesters Piccadilly Gardens in Liverpool (founded 1856) is evacuated after an IRA bomb threat; too bad, the Provisional IRA bombs it for real on June 15, 1996. On Apr. 28 the last Americans are evacuated from Saigon. On Apr. 28 a federal jury in New York acquits former U.S. atty.-gen. John N. Mitchell and former U.S. commerce secy. Maurice H. Stans of c harges in connection with a secret $200K contribution to Pres. Nixon's reelection campaign from financier Robert Lee Vesco (1935-2007) via a co. owned by Nixon's nephew Donald A. Nixon Jr.; Vesco flees, becoming a fugitive for life in Central Am. and Caribbean countries sans extradition treaties, earning the title of "undisputed king of the fugitive financiers" from Slate.com in 2001; too bad, he gets convicted of drug smuggling in Cuba in 1996, and spends the rest of his life in priz. On Apr. 29 claiming that he "had nothing hide", Pres. Nixon announces that he is releasing edited transcripts of 31 White House tape recordings related to Watergate, causing his longtime ally U.S. Rep. (R-N.Y.) (1965-85) Barber Benjamin Conable Jr. (1922-2003) to break with him and coin the term "smoking gun" for the tape in which Nixon instructs chief of staff H.R. Haldeman to obstruct the FBI investigation. In Apr. the Mayunmarca Landslide dams the Mantaro River in the Andes of C Peru, then 43 days later it breaches, flooding the area between Huancayo and Ayacucho, but there are no fatalities since the 1K pop. had been evacuated. In Apr. the Union of Banana Exporting Countries of Central and South Am. pushes for higher prices to offset fuel cost increases, and Honduras starts by imposing a 50 cent tax on each 40 lb. box of bananas, halving it in Sept.; too bad, Honduran economic minister Abraham Bennaton Ramos is later caught pocketing $2.5M in a Swiss bank account. On May 1 the Ulster Workers Council begins a strike against the 1973 Sunningdale Agreement; on May 2 (17:30) three car bombs set by the Protestant loyalist Ulster Volunteer Force (in cahoots with British intel) explode simultaneously at the Rose and Crown pub in Belfast, killing six Catholic civlians and injuring 18; on May 17 the Dublin and Monaghan Bombings see three more bombs in Dublin and one in Monaghan set by the UVF kill 33 civilians (incl. a pregnant woman) and wound 300+. On May 2 former vice-pres. Spiro T. Agnew is disbarred by the Md. Court of Appeals, effectively preventing him from practicing law anywhere in the U.S. On May 2 an Aeros Taxis Equatorianos Douglas C-47 airliner crashes in the Andes in Banos, Ecuador, killing 22 of 24. On May 4 York archbishop Frederick Donald Coggan (1909-2000) is named by Queen Elizabeth II to succeed retiring Michael Ramsey as archbishop #101 of Canterbury (until 1980), becoming the first to support the ordination of women. On May 4 an all-woman Japanese team led by Kyoko Sato, incl. Naoko Nakaseko, Masako Uchida, and Mieko Mori becomes the first women to climb 8,163m (26,781 ft.) Mt. Manaslu ("mountain of the spirit") in Nepal, 8th highest on Earth; the first ascent was made on May 9, 1956 by the male Japanese team of Maki Yuko and Toshio Imanishi, along with Sherpa Gyaltsen Norbu. On May 4 the Expo 74 opens in Spokane, Wash., becoming the first environmentally themed world's fair, closing on Nov. 3 after 184 days and 5.2M visitors. On May 7 West German chancellor (since Oct. 21, 1969) Willy Brandt (1913-92) resigns after close aide Gunter (Günter) Guillaume (1927-95) is unmasked as an East German spy, and Protestant vice-chancellor Walter Scheel (1919-) becomes acting chancellor; on May 16 Scheel is elected pres. of West Germany, and minister of finance Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (1918-) is elected West German chancellor #5 (until Oct. 1, 1982); Guillaume is imprisoned for 7.5 years then released in Oct. 1981 in exchange for Western spies, and awarded the Order of Karl Marx by East German Communist leader Erich Honecker. On May 7 the citizens of the District of Columbia approve the District of Columbia Home Rule Act (enacted last Dec. 24), giving them their first elected govt. in 100+ years; they also have one non-voting member in the House of Reps. On May 7 Pres. Nixon signs bill creating the U.S. Federal Energy Admin. On May 8 a no-confidence vote in Canada's House of Commons topples PM Pierre Elliott Trudeau's minority Liberal Party govt. On May 8 philosophy-educated Daniel Oduber Quiros (Quirós) (1921-91) is sworn-in as pres. of Costa Rica (until May 8, 1978), going on to become very popular by helping the working class and the environment, granting legal status to the Communist Party in 1975, and restoring diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1975. On May 9 the House Judiciary Committee opens hearings on whether to recommend the impeachment of pres. Tricky Dicky Nixon. On May 9 Iceland PM (since July 14, 1971) Olafur Johannesson dismisses parliament and schedules new elections for June 30; on Aug. 27 Iceland pres. Kristjan Eldjarn asks Independent Party leader (Reykjavik mayor in 1959-72, known for expanding the geothermal heating system to the whole city) Geir Hallgrimsson (1925-90) to form a coalition cabinet, and on Aug. 28 he becomes PM #16 (until Sept. 1, 1978); Olafur Johannesson becomes justice and commerce minister. On May 9 the 6.9 Izu-Hanto-Oki Earthquake in C Japan kills 30 and injures 77. On May 10 the White House denies rumors that Pres. Nixon is resigning. On May 11 the 7.1 Daguan Earthquake in Yunnan Province in SW China spreads to Sichuan Province, killing 1,423, injuring 1.6K, destroying 28K houses, and damaging 38K. On May 12 a fire in the dismantled Coney Island-style Port Dalhousie Carousel in Ont., Canada (built in 1903) injures 23 of 69 animals, which are restored by local art students. On May 15 (night) the Maalot (Ma'alot) High School Massacre sees three Palestinian commandos attack the village of Maalot, Israel, killing 31 Israelies incl. 21 sleeping teenies, and injuring 70 before being killed. On May 15 after FDA pressure caused by the deaths of seven women, A.H. Robins Co. agrees to remove its Dalkon Shield intrauterine birth control device from the market, although it continues to sell it outside the U.S. for 10 mo. more; it later stops 6K suits in U.S. courts by using bankruptcy laws. On May 16 former U.S. atty.-gen. Richard G. Kleindienst pleads guilty to a charge of refusing to testify "accurately and fully" before a U.S. Senate committee. On May 17 LA police and FBI agents engage in a gun battle with SLA members in the bungalow HQ, which catches fire, and six bodies are recovered, incl. William "Willie" Wolfe (Patty Hearst's lover), Nancy Ling "Fahizah" Perry (b. 1947), Angela DeAngelis "Gen. Gelina" Atwood (b. 1949), Donald "Cinque" DeFreeze (b. 1943), Patricia "Mizmoon" Soltysik (b. 1950), and Camilla Hall (b. 1945); Patty Hearst is not there; on May 22 she is formally charged in Los Angeles, Calif. with 19 crimes. On May 18 after the Senate gets pissed-off at his overeager progressive legislation and forces a double dissolution in Apr. over vital supply bills (funds for the treasury), elections in Australia give a V to the Labour Party led by incumbent Edward Gough Whitlam (until Nov. 11, 1975), defeating the Liberal Party of Sir Billy Mackie Snedden (1926-87) and Nat. Party of John Douglas "Doug" Anthony (1929-), but with a smaller minority and still no control of the Senate; in Aug. Whitlam holds the first-ever joint sitting of both houses to pass six bills rejected by the Senate; too bad, in Dec. treasurer James Ford "Jim" Cairns (1914-2003) appoints lap toy Junie Morosi as his office coordinator in spite of lack of qualifications, causing a feeding frenzy by the press, and minerals and energy minister Reginald Francis Xavier "Rex" Connor (1907-77) creates a scandal by trying to raise money to buy out foreign ownership of Australia's mining industry via Middle Eastern financier Tirath Khemlani (1920-91), a suspected arms merchant. On May 18 India announces the successful underground test of Smiling Buddha (Pokhran-I), a 10-to-15 kiloton nuke in the Rajasthan Desert near Pokaran, becoming nation #6 to join the Big Boom Club after the U.S., Soviet Union, U.K., France, and China; Canada protests and suspends aid to India's atomic energy program; the U.S. and France think twice about supplying Iran with nuclear reactors, with the U.S. State Dept. uttering the soundbyte that if the shah is overthrown, "domestic dissidents or foreign terrorists might easily be able to seize any special nuclear material stored in Iran for use in bombs", and "an aggressive successor to the shah might consider nuclear weapons the final item needed to establish Iran's complete military dominance of the region", but in June the U.S. agrees to supply Iran with two nuclear reactors, and on July 27 France signs a $4B 10-year development pact with Iran, which incl. sale of five 1GW nuclear reactors; next Jan. the U.S. signs a $6.4B agreement with Iran to purchase eight more reactors; too bad, the Feb. 1979 Islamic Rev. ends all that; meanwhile after a referendum nuclear giant India annexes the Himalayan Buddhist kingdom of Sikkim, ending their 330-y.-o. dynasty and alarming Bhutan, whose 10-y.-o. king Jigme Singye Wangchuck (1955-) took over two years ago on July 21, 1972 after his father (king since 1952) Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (b. 1929) died of heart failure in Nairobi, Kenya, and is formally crowned as dragon king #4 on June 2 (until Dec. 14, 2006), becoming the world's youngest king; by law everyone in Bhutan must wear traditional 14th cent. clothing, and the country has no traffic lights; his daddy ended feudalism and slavery, and introduced wheeled vehicles; the annexation is completed next May 16. On May 19 German-born center-right Gaullist pro-U.S. former finance minister Valery (Valéry) Giscard d'Estaing (b. 1926) is elected pres. of France, narrowly defeating Socialist Francois Mitterand in a hotly contested close election; on May 27 he is sworn-in (until May 21, 1981), going on to support nuclear power and pass liberal laws on abortion and divorce and appoint a a new secy. of state for the conditions of women, reduce the voting age from 21 to 18, decentralize the broadcasting system, and ban telephone tapping, but take a big hit from the 1973 energy crisis; on May 27 he names Gaullist Jacques Rene Chirac (1932-) to succeed Pierre Messmer as PM #6 of the French 5th Repub. (until Aug. 26, 1976); new Jewish French health minister (1974-9) Simone Veil (nee Jacob) (1927-) begins the fight for birth control and abortion, getting a law making access to contraception easier passed on Dec. 4, followed by a liberalized abortion law next Jan. 17; in July French feminist writer (1953 founder of L'Express) Francoise Giroud (1916-2003) becomes the first secy. of state for the condition of women in France (women's affairs) (until 1976), working to prevent sex discrimination and secure better benefits; in 1976-7 she becomes culture minister. On May 20 the Ballistic Missile Defense Org. (BMDO) is established by the U.S. Defense Dept. to be in charge of all U.S. ICBMs. On May 24 U.S. District Court judge Gerhard Alden Gesell (1910-) rules out nat. security as a defense by Nixon's pres. aides, and on June 3 Charles W. Colson pleads guilty to obstruction of justice in connection with the 1971 trial of Pentagon Papers defendant Daniel Ellsberg (1931-), and serves 7 mo. in priz, where he gets religion, becoming a Christian after reading C.S. Lewis (1898-1963), and commenting that "It was, ironically, the Watergate cover-up that left me convinced that the biblical accounts of the resurrection of Jesus Christ are historically reliable" because "I saw the inability of men... to hold together a conspiracy based on a lie"; in 1976 he founds the Prison Fellowship. On May 24 Duke Ellington (b. 1899) dies in New York City, after which the annual Chicago Jazz Festival in Grant Park is first held in his honor. On May 26 the U.S. govt. establishes the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program under the U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Agency. On May 28 the Italian fascist org. Ordine Nuovo bombs demonstrators in Brescia, Italy, killing eight. On May 28 Bill Clinton picks up his lover (1959-92) Dolly Kyle at the Little Rock, Ark. airport along with ugly hairy-legged Hillary, becoming their first meeting; in 1987 he tells her about having a sex addiction, referring to Wilt Chamberlain bedding 20K women, saying "That's ten times more than I've had"; Kyle starts writing a semi-autobio. novel about their affair, which Bill does everything in his power to stop from being pub., after which she sues him but loses and has her appeal denied. On May 29 the Northern Ireland Assembly collapses, and North Ireland returns to British rule after a gen. strike of Protestant militants topples Brian Faulkner's coalition govt., torpedoing the Dec. 1973 Sunningdale Agreement. On May 29 Pres. Nixon agrees to turn over 1.2K pages of edited Watergate transcripts. On May 29-31 after more shuttle diplomacy by U.S. secy. of state Henry Kissinger, Syria and Israel sign the Second Israel-Syria Peace Accord, disengaging forces in the Golan Heights and enabling Syria to keep the city of Kuneitra; on June 1 they begin exchanging POWs. On May 30 pres. Josip Broz Tito is named dickhead, er, dictator of Yugoslavia's Communist Party for life at the 10th Party Congress; meanwhile in May Yugoslovia grants the pesky region of Kosovo autonomous status within the Repub. of Serbia, and allows it to develop its own security, judiciary, defense, foreign relations, and social control; Kosovar Albanian Communist politician Mahmut Bakalli (1936-2006) drafts a constitution for the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo (until 1990), giving the region a status equivalent to the Yugoslavian repubs.; Bogoljub Nedeljkovic (1920-) becomes PM of Kosovo (until May 1978); in 2002 Bakalli becomes the first witness to testify at the trial of Slobodan Milosevic at the Hague Internat. Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. In May in Northern Ireland IRA member Sean O'Callaghan (1954-) and two other teenagers gun down police inspector Peter Flanagan in Broderick's Bar in Omagh; O'Callaghan later serves 8 years of a 539-year terrorism sentence and is released in Dec. 1996 for becoming an informer. In May Brazil raises its diplomats in Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria to ambassadorial level, maintaining cautious relations with the East European Communist Bloc. On June 1 (4:53 p.m.) (Sat.) an explosion in the Nypro chemical plant in Flixborough, England kills 28 workers and injures 36. On June 6 Sweden promulgates a new Instrument of Govt., making the country a parliamentary monarchy. On June 6 the White House admits that the Watergate grand jury voted in Feb. to name Pres. Nixon as an unindicted co-conspirator in the Watergate case. On June 8-10 tornadoes and flash floods in the midwestern U.S. kill 28. On June 9 Russia and Portugal reestablish diplomatic ties for the first time since 1917. On June 9 an Aerolineas Tao (Viscount 700) crashes in a mountainous area near Cucuta, Colombia, killing all 43 aboard, causing the airline to go out of biz. On June 10 PM Mariano Rumor's cabinet in Italy (36th since WWII) resigns. On June 10 Typhoon Dinah hits Luzon, Philippines, killing 73 and causing $3M in crop damage, after which on Aug. 21 78 are killed by monsoon floods. On June 10 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 351 to admit Bangladesh; on June 21 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 352 to admit Grenada; on Aug. 12 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 356 to admit Guinea-Bissau. On June 14 Pres. Nixon and Anwar Sadat sign an accord in Cairo agreeing to supply U.S. nuclear technology to Egypt for peaceful purposes. On June 15 the Red Lion Square Riot sees members of the Fascist Nat. Front protesting govt. amnesty for illegal immigrants battle leftist Liberation Group and Internat. Marxist Group protesters in West End, London, killing 21-y.-o. math student Kevin Gately. On June 15 Russian #1 dancerValery Panov (1938-) and his ballerina wife Galina Panov of Leningrad's Kirov Ballet are finally allowed to emigrate to Israel. On June 17 (7th anniv. of its first H-bomb test) China explodes a 200KT-1MT nuke in the atmosphere, becoming its 16th test. On June 17 a Provisional IRA bomb explodes in the Houses of Parliament in London, setting a gas main on fire and severely damaging Westminster Hall, injuring 11. On June 21 after the NAACP filed suit in 1972 on behalf of black parents, U.S. district court judge Wendell Arthur Garrity Jr. (1920-99) rules in Tallulah Morgan et al. v. James W. Hennigan et al. that 160 of 201 Boston public schools have been deliberately segregated, violating the constitutional rights of blacks, and orders busing of 18K students in mainly black Roxbury to mainly white South Boston to achieve racial integration, causing a knee-jerk reaction by whites, who form mobs shouting "Nigger, go home!" on Sept. 12 when the busing begins, followed by violence, causing Mass. gov. Francis W. Sargent to call out the Nat. Guard in Oct.; in Sept. 1985 Garrity returns control of schools to the city, but retains standby supervision; Garrity dies in 1999 right after the schools end busing - I love my job? On June 23 Rudolf Kirchschlaeger (Kirchshläger) (1915-2000) is elected pres. of Austria (until July 8, 1976), succeeding Franz Jonas (b. 1899), who died on Apr. 23 after 9 years in office. On June 25 the Soviet Union launches the Salyut 7 orbiting space station, which is later visited by Salyut 14 and Salyut 16. On June 26 Pres. Nixon signs the U.S. Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act, relaxing environmental standards because of energy shortages, and authorizing a limited program to convert power plants from oil and gas to coal. On June 12 France raises taxes and reduces energy consumption in an effort to fight inflation and balance of payments problems. On June 26 Bankhaus I.D. Hersttat in Cologne, Germany collapses after heavy losses in foreign currency trading. On June 26 Gen. Augusto Pinochet Ugarte assumes full executive powers of Chile's govt. - IOW, a bloody dictator? On June 28 a landslide in Quebrada Blanca Canyon 95 mi. E of Bogota, Colombia buries 20 vehicles, incl. six buses, killing 200; on Sept. 30 another landslide kills 50; on Oct. 6 another one kills 30. On June 28-July 3 Nixon and Brezhnev hold their Third U.S.-Soviet Summit in Moscow - talk about a lame duck? On June 30 mutinying troops seize key points in Addis Ababa and arrest several govt. officials for corruption, and on July 6 the emperor grants amnesty to the troops, promising them a greater voice in govt. affairs; on July 22 PM Makonnen is dismissed, then arrested on July 23, and is succeeded by the emperor's cousin Lidj Michael Imru (1929-2008), who makes the army mad by naming only two army men to the new constitution; he announces a new constitution on Aug. 8 that makes the emperor a figurehead, and arrests 140 govt. officials for corruption, incl. the emperor's personal aide Lt. Gen. Assefa Demissie. On June 30 Latvian-born Russian ballet dancer Mikhail Baryshnikov (1948-) of Leningrad's Kirov Ballet defects in Toronto, Canada, joining fellow refugees Rudolf Nureyev and Natalia Makarova at the Am. Ballet Theatre (ABT), and making his U.S. debut as Albrecht in Giselle at the State Theater in New York City on July 2, followed by La Bayadere; he goes on to become artistic dir. of the ABT, while Nureyev becomes dir. of the Paris Opera Ballet. On June 30 (midnight) the crowded (200+) Gulliver's nightclub in Port Chester, N.Y. is torched by unemployed burglar Peter Leonard from Greenwich, Conn. to cover his burglary of a bowling alley next door, killing 24 and injuring 32. On June 30 MLK Jr.'s mother Alberta Christine Williams King (b. 1904) is killed in Atlanta, Ga. by dual-pistol-packing lone Ky.-born black gunman Marcus Wayne Chenault (1951-) of Dayton, Ohio during church services at the Ebenezer Baptist Church conducted by her hubby MLK Sr.; he also kills Deacon Edward Boykin (b. 1905) and wounds a 3rd churchgoer, uttering the soundbyte: "All Christians are my enemies", adding "I am a Hebrew" named "Servant Jacob", and claiming "I was sent here on purpose and it's partly accomplished"; on Sept. 12 he is sentenced to the electric chair. In July Pres. Nixon and his wife Pat visit Austria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel, and Jordan, becoming their last major trip. On July 1 Argentine pres. Juan Peron (b. 1895) dies, and his wife and vice-pres. Isabel Peron (interim pres. since June 29 after he fell ill) becomes the first female chief of state in the Americas (until 1976), proving unable to prevent the diverse Peronista groups from splintering into near civil war; on Nov. 6 she suspends civil rights to fight terrorism that has allegedly claimed over 135 lives since July. On July 1 army chief and defense minister Gen. Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia (1930-) becomes pres. of Guatemala (until July 1, 1978) after a bogus election, going on to make Guatemala into one of the worst humans rights violators in the Western hemisphere, causing Pres. Carter to cut off military aid in 1977, which they make up for by aid from Israel, Yugoslavia, Spain, Belgium, Sweden, and Taiwan - yes, we have no bananas today? On July 1 the game show High Rollers debuts on NBC-TV (until June 11, 1976, then Apr. 24, 1978-June 20, 1980) hosted by Alex Trebek, "the Man with the Action"; on Sept. 14, 1987-May 27, 1988 it returns, hosted by Wink Martindale. On July 3 the Soviets launch the Soyuz 14 mission, carrying cosmonauts Pavel Romanovich Popovich (1930-2009) (first Ukrainian in space) and Yuri Petrovich Artyukhin (1930-98) to study Earth resources in the Salyut 3 space station. On July 4 floods in Bombay, India kill 42. On July 4 Frederick Douglass' speech "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" is reenacted at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. On July 4 CBS-TV begins airing Bicentennial Minutes each evening at 8:28 p.m. EST (until Dec. 31, 1976). On July 6 the radio show A Prairie Home Companion, debuts (until Feb. 1987, then 1989-1993 and 1993-), about imaginary Lake Wobegon (woebegone = sad?) for Minn. Public Radio, hosted by U. of Minn. grad. Gary Edward "Garrison" Keillor (1942-) it graduates to Nat. Public Radio in Feb. 1979, broadcast from the Fitzgerald Theater (AKA the World) in St. Paul, Minn., featuring the Va. husband-wife folk music duo Robin and Linda Williams; Robert Altman's last film A Prairie Home Companion film (Feb. 12, 2006) is filmed there in 2005, and then Keillor announces he will change the venue, but changes his mind when he listens "to people who tug at my sleeve". On July 6-7 Typhoon Gilda sweeps across Japan and S South Korea, killing 88. On July 10 Canadian PM Pierre Elliott Trudeau's Liberal Party wins a majority in the House of Commons. On July 10 Arab oil countries lift their embargo against the Netherlands. On July 10 torrential rains in avocado-growing Michoacan State, Mexico kill 20. On July 11 the U.S. House Judiciary Committee releases evidence on the Watergate inquiry. On July 11 Burundi's first constitution places its only political party, the Unity and Nat. Progress Party (UPRONA) in control of nat. policy, and confirms Michel Micombero as sole leader of the country. On July 11 the Marxist govt. of Somalia signs a treaty of friendship and cooperation with the Soviet Union, becoming the first black African nation to do so, making Somalia a Soviet satellite. On July 11 Knight-Ridder Newspapers are created by John Shively Knight (1894-1981) (owner of the Miami Herald since 1937) from a merger of his 15-paper Ridder chain (founded 1892) the 16-paper Ridder chain,, becoming the largest newspaper publisher in the U.S.; "Newspapers" is removed from the name in 1976; in 1982 it launches the Viewtron videotex system, only to shut it down in 1986 when it becomes more popular than the newspaper. On July 12 Nixon's aides G. Gordon Liddy, John D. Ehrlichman, and two others are convicted of conspiracy to violate civil rights and perjury in connection with the 1971 burglary of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office. On July 13 the Senate Watergate Committee releases its final 2,250-page Senate Report on the Watergate Burglary and Other 1972 Pres. Campaign Crimes, and proposes 35 sweeping election campaign reforms to prevent another Watergate scandal, but makes no formal accusations. On July 13 Portugal's pres. Antonio de Spinola names army leaders to cabinet posts, incl. Army gen. Vasco dos Santos Goncalves (1922-2005) (ideological leader of the Armed Forces Movement) as PM #103 on July 18 (until Sept. 19, 1975), and vows to bring democracy to Portugal by next spring; Goncalves goes on to suggest the nationalization of banks and insurance cos. On July 14 a Gallup Poll shows that inflation has replaced the energy crisis as the most important issue to Americans. The 1967 Greek Military Junta is brought down when they can't talk Turkey? On July 14 after talks fail, the crumbling Greek military junta withdraws from NATO, on July 15 stages a coup against pres. #1 of the Repub. of Cyprus (since Aug. 16, 1960) Orthodox Archbishop Makarios III (1913-77) using the Cypriot Nat. Guard, installing Greek nationalist Nikos Sampson (1935-2001) as pres. #2 of Cyprus, who jails over 1K Makarios supporters; after the new govt. fails to gain internat. recognition, on July 20 Turkey (on cue?), led by pres. #6 (Apr. 6, 1973 to Apr. 6, 1980) Adm. Fahri Koruturk (1903-87) stages Operation Attila, an invasion of Cyprus to "restore order" and reinstate Makarios, causing Greece to mobilize, and the Soviets to put 40K men on alert; the Turks use napalm to spead terror among Cypriot Greek villagers; Sampson resigns eight days after his appointment, and Glafkos Ioannou Clerides (Klerides) (1919-) becomes pres. #3 of Cyprus (until Dec. 7), after which Sampson is sentenced to 20 years for treason in 1976, but is allowed to go into exile in France in 1979, where he lives a glam lifestyle for awhile before returning to priz until 1992, claiming to the Greek newspaper Eleftherotipia on Feb. 26, 1981 that "Had Turkey not intervened... I would have anniliated the Turks in Cyprus"; within several weeks the Turks occupy 40% of the mainland and force 200K Greek Cypriots into refugee status; the island ends up divided in half by the U.N. with a no-man's-land sector in between (until ?); Makarios III flees to London then New York City; Athens denies any link to the Cypriot Nat. Guard, but Makarios insists on it; on July 22 as raging battles take place all over N Cyprus, the U.N. Security Council calls for an end to hostilities, and Greeks take to the streets in all major Greek cities, fearing a spreading of the war throughout the Aegean, and on July 23 Greece's military junta (regime of the colonels) (in power since Apr. 21, 1967) resigns, and announces that they will turn the nation back to civilian rule, beginning the Metapolitefsi (regime change); on July 24 former PM (1955-63) Constantine (Konstantinos) Karamanlis (1907-98) returns from 11 years of self-imposed exile to cheering crowds, and is sworn-in as PM #1 of the Third Hellenic Repub. (until May 10, 1980), decriminalizing the Greek Communist Party and announcing free elections for Nov.; on Aug. 14 Turkey invades Cyprus for a 2nd time, occupying 37% of its territory; on Aug. 19 U.S. ambassador (since July 10) Rodger Paul Davies (b. 1921) is shot and killed at the U.S. embassy in Nicosia, Cyprus (the last divided capital in Europe by the end of the cent.) by snipers using 7.62mm armor-piercing bullets during a protest by Greek Cypriots (who carry signs reading "Kissinger, Hitler, and NATO: Murderers of Cyprus), along with his Marionite secy. Antoinette Varnava; despite this, Pres. Ford vetoes a bill to cut off military aid to Turkey (the U.S. was behind the pre-planned Operation Attila to let its ally Turkey take Cyprus over so they can grant them new military bases there and prevent a new Mediterranean Cuba, while still trying to officially be the ally of the Greek colonels?); on Oct. 24 after arresting Col. George Papadopoulos and 19 others for treason, they are convicted on Aug. 24, 1975 in Athens and sentenced to death, commuted to life in priz, after which Big P rejects an amnesty in exchange for expressing remorse, dying in priz of cancer believing that he saved Greece from Communism; on Nov. 17 Greek voters elect Karamanlis of the New Democracy Party by 54% to 20.4% (2.67M to 1M) in their first free elections in 10 years; on Dec. 8 a referendum on abolishing the 1832 monarchy in Greece votes 2-to-1 (3.25M to 1.45M) (69% to 31%) to become a repub.; on Dec. 7 Makarios returns to Nicosia, Cyprus, vowing to resist its partition, and becoming pres. #4 of Cyprus (until Aug. 3, 1977), while tensions remain high; on Dec. 18 Michael Stassinopoulos (1903-2002) becomes provisional pres. #1 of the Third Hellenic Repub. by a parliamentary vote (until June 19, 1975); the Nov. 18 parliamentary elections incl. 34 women vying for some of the 300 seats (two women won in 1964); Karamanlis' rival Andreas Papandreou (1919-96) (son of George Papandreou) founds the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), combining big govt. spending with anti-U.S. and anti-European rhetoric, and going on to gain control of Greece by 1981 - running just as fast as we can, holding onto each other's hand? On July 15 U.S. WXLT-TV Channel 40 9:30 a.m. "Suncoast Digest" depressed spinster almost-30 virgin journalist Christine Chubbuck (b. 1944) shoots herself in the head during a broadcast after uttering the soundbyte "In keeping with Channel 40's policy of bring you the latest in blood and guts, and in living color we bring you another first: an attempted suicide"; she dies 14 hours later; a TV first? On July 17 (14:30) a Provisional IRA bomb explodes in the White Tower in London while it is filled with tourists, killing one and injuring 41, blowing limbs off, etc.; another bomb exploded outside a govt. bldg. in Balham, S London at 04:30. The King is Dead, Long Live the U.S. Constitution? On July 19 the U.S. House Judiciary Committee recommends that Pres. Nixon stand trial in the U.S. Senate on five impeachment charges; on July 24 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 8-0 (William Rehnquist abstaining) in U.S. v. Nixon that Nixon has no absolute right to privacy, and that executive privilege cannot be invoked in criminal cases to withhold evidence, hence he must turn over 64 subpoenaed White House tape recordings to the Watergate special prosecutor as evidence in the trial of six former aides; after Nixon won't give up, the U.S. Supreme (Rehnquist) court rules unanimously on Jan. 13, 1993 in Nixon v. U.S. that it has no power to decide if the U.S. Senate has properly tried an impeachment. On July 19 after fishing inside the 12 nmi. limit, British fishing trawler C.S. Forester is shelled and captured by Iceland, which jails skipper Richard Taylor for 30 days and fines him Ł5K, which is reduced to Ł2,232 bail, after which the trawler is allowed to depart with 200 tons of fish after the owners pay Ł26,300. On July 25 in Milliken v. Bradley, the split (5-4) U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court guts the power of federal courts to enforce school desegregation in metro areas when it rules that "white flight" suburbs that have no history of segregation practices cannot be automatically compelled to join a unitary integrated busing area with the inner city, barring multidistrict busing; concurring justices are Stewart, Powell, Blackmun, Burger, and Rehnquist; dissenting justices are Douglas, Brennan, Marshall, and White. On July 26 Peruvian pres. Juan Velasco Alvarado expropriates Peru's #1 newspaper La Prensa (The Press), which has been owned since 1934 by former finance minister (1959-61) Pedro Gerado Beltran (1897-1979); it stays govt.-controlled until the restoration of democracy in 1980. On July 27 the House Judiciary Committee, chaired over by N.J. Dem. (1949-89) Peter Wallace Rodino Jr. (1909-2005) votes 27-11 to recommend Nixon's impeachment on a charge that he had personally engaged in a "course of conduct" designed to obstruct justice in the Watergate case; on July 29 it votes 27-11 to approve a 2nd article of abuse of power and failure to uphold laws; on July 30 by 27-11 it votes a 3rd article of contempt of Congress for failing to comply with subpoenas, and votes 26-12 against an article of impeachment relating to demeaning his office by misconduct of personal financial affairs; after the Aug. 5 release of the Smoking Gun Tape, the 10 Repub. reps. who had voted against all three articles of impeachment announce that they will support impeachment in a full House vote. A bad month for bus crashes? On July 28 a crowded bus and heavy truck colide near Belem, Brazil, killing 69; on July 29 a bus runs into a bridge in San Mateo Atenco, Mexico, killing 29; on Aug. 11 two buses collide on a highway between Ankara and Istanbul in W Turkey, killing 21 and injuring 41. On July 29 former U.S. treasury secy. #61 (1971-2) John Bowden Connally Jr. (1917-93) (who switched from the Dem. Party to the Repub. Party in May 1973, and was passed over for vice-pres. by Nixon because of potential liberal Dem. opposition) is indicted for pocketing $10K for influencing a milk price decision by Tex. atty. Jake Jacobsen; at his trial he calls a list of celeb character witnesses, incl. Jackie Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Dean Rusk, Robert McNamara, Billy Graham, and Barbara Jordan, and is acquitted - he thought he was a race car driver after Dealy Plaza, and just won the Indy 500, where he's entitled to fresh cold milk? On July 29 the Philadelphia Eleven, 11 women led by Betty Bone Schiess (1923-) are ordained to the priesthood of the Episcopal Church of the Advocate in Philadelphia, Penn., quoting the Bible text "In Christ there is neither male nor female" (Galatians 3:28); on Aug. 14-15 the governing clerical body, quoting 1 Timothy 2:12 ("But I suffer not a woman to teach nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence") rules it invalid - slipping into stockings, slipping into shoes, dipping into the pocket of her what? In July a meningitis epidemic breaks out in Sao Paulo, Brazil, killing 1K, becoming the first large citywide outbreak. In July-Aug. floods cover half of Bangladesh, killing 2K+. On Aug. 4 (01:23) a bomb set by the Italian Fascist Ordine Nero org. explodes on an Italicus Expressen train en route from Rome to Munich, killing 12 and wounding 14; Italian PM was on the train, but deboarded on Aug. 3. On Aug. 5 Nixon releases the Smoking Gun Tape, and finally admits that he ordered a coverup for political as well as nat. security reasons - that's one of those moments every politician should get to have? On Aug. 6 hoping to prevent another Watergate scandal, the U.S. Election Reform Act is passed by Congress by 355-48, requiring broad disclosure of campaign finance, and limiting the amount that any individual can contribute to a candidate for federal office to $1K, limiting the amount a pres. candidate can spend to $20M, and providing for a $1 tax check-off on individual federal income tax returns to provide funding for pres. elections, along with provisions to prevent large corps. from influencing federal elections, incl. limiting political groups to $5K contributions, and candidates to $50K; too bad, it doesn't cover political action committees (PACs) and "soft money" donated to political parties, causing it to reform nothing. On Aug. 6 a bomb explodes in a busy ticket section at LAX (Los Angeles Internat. Airport), killing two (four?) and injuring 17, becoming the deadliest civil airport bombing in the U.S. (until ?); it is attributed to "Alphabet Bomber" Isaac Rasim, who sent taped messages to the Los Angeles Times that he would write "Aliens of America" letter by letter in bombings, causing mucho officers to be called in to check possible bombing sites; he alerts police to his own bomb on Aug. 16 in a bus terminal locker, allowing police to disarm it, and is captured on Aug. 20; LAPD capt. (1970-6) Mervin Paul King (1914-2008) supervises the investigation, later the Symbionese Liberation Army investigtion, earning him commendations from the city council. On Aug. 7 French stuntman Philippe Petit (1949-) performs Le Coup, a blitzkrieg illegal tightrope walk on a 450-lb. cable strung between the twin towers of the World Trade Center, making for a New York City magic moment; he performs for 45 min., making eight passes; cops don't have the heart to arrest him until he's through, but police HQ sends a heli to force him off, causing him to quit in a hurry; after his arrest, he becomes an internat. celeb, and charges are dismissed in exchange for doing a performance for children in Central Park; filmed in 2015 by Robert Zemeckis as The Walk, starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt - look, it's a bird, it's a plane? 8-8-7-4, King Richard is no more? On Aug. 8 (Thur.) (eve.) (same day he was nominated for pres. in 1968?) after being told by Repub. Senators Barry Goldwater, Hugh Scott, and John Rhodes on Aug. 7 that there are enough votes to convict and remove him, and flopping on his earlier assertions that he would fight to the bloody end, Pres. Tricky Dicky Nixon (1913-94) goes on TV and admits "some" wrong judgments, then announces his resignation, effective at noon EST Aug. 9 (first U.S. pres. to resign), taking the Sea King VH-3A Marine One heli from the White House South Lawn to Andrews AFB in Md., then taking Air Force One to El Toro Marine Corps Air Station in Calif., then traveling to his new hideaway home in San Clemente, Calif. along with loyal-to-the-end press secy. Ronald Ziegler, who later utters the soundbyte: "I was the only one on that plane to San Clemente with Nixon when power changed hands. I was there with Nixon in exile. I will publish a good book someday"; Nixon later writes: "As the helicoper moved on to Andrews, I found myself thinking not of the past, but of the future. What could I do now?"; during his presidency Nixon viewed more than 500 movies in the White House (Jimmy Carter later comes in 2nd with 465); Johnny Carson's nightly jabs at him help cement his fall; his approval rating in Calif. has dropped to 24%; his daughter Julie says, "Now I can wear hot pants"; Ziegler also utters the soundbyte: "Thank goodness, I was one of the few members of the Nixon White House staff who was never indicted and I was not part of the coverup", and in 1988 he becomes CEO of the Nat. Assoc. of Chain Drug Stores; future U.S. pres. George Herbert Walker Bush was not only involved in JFK's assassination but in Nixon's ouster, which he engineered to get him out of the way? The President that Ford Motor Company built? On Aug. 9 (Fri.) (noon) Omaha, Neb.-born U. of Mich. All-American football center and Yale Law School grad. ("The right sort of sports fan" - McGeorge Bundy, pres. of the Ford Motor Co. Foundation) Gerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford Jr. (1913-2006) (not "Gerry") becomes the 38th U.S. pres. (until 1977) in the 56th U.S. Pres. Inauguration in the East Room of the White House Washington, D.C., becoming the first unelected "25th Amendment President", AKA the "Accidental President" (895-day term of office), and the first person to serve as pres. and vice-pres. without winning election to either office (first in a position to make deals to get himself the job with pure backroom politics?); first pres. with a changed name (Leslie Lynch King Jr.) (next Clinton); 4th lefty U.S. pres. (last Truman, next Reagan); 5th pres. who was never elected to the office (John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, Chester Arthur); warmest non-traditional date inauguration (89F, partly cloudy and hazy) until ?; 25th atty. to become pres. (next ?); as Ford is being sworn in, Nixon's plane is 13 mi. SW of Jefferson City, Mo., losing the designation Air Force One; Ford's Inauguration Address takes pains to say that it is not an inauguration address, and incl. the soundbyte: "Our long national nightmare is over. Our Constitution works. Our great republic is a government of laws and not of men... I am acutely aware that you have not elected me by your ballots, and so I ask you to confirm me as your president with your prayers"; wanting to be known for his Washington-like integrity rather than his brains, he adds "I'm not a Lincoln I'm a Ford"; he has the U.S. Marine Corps Band play the U. of Mich. fight song instead of Hail to the Chief, and doesn't "change" after becoming pres.; he orders a truck with Nixon's White House papers stopped, and Congress passes an act authorizing their seizure on behalf of the U.S. people, and ordering pub. of parts not containing state secrets or purely personal matters; First Lady is drinks-like-a-fish free-talking former beauty queen Betty Bloomer Warren Ford (1918-2011) (Secret Service codename: Pinafore), who becomes the first Women's Libber First Lady, in favor of birth control, abortion, and equal rights for women; they have a pet golden retriever named Liberty (1974-), who becomes First Dog after being given to them in the fall; daughter Susan Elizabeth Ford (1957-) holds her high school senior prom in the White House; a Vail, Colo. lover since 1968, Ford turns Vail into the Western White House, with Secret Service agents screened for ability to ski. On Aug. 9 GMC announces a 10% hike in automobile prices, becoming the largest single auto price hike ever. On Aug. 9 the Soviets launch Mars 7, but it misses the planet. On Aug. 11 260 deaths are reported after six weeks of rain in India. On Aug. 14 Pres. Ford signs the U.S. Private Gold Ownership Bill ending the 40-year ban - I know what you're thinking? On Aug. 14 a Venezuelan airliner crashes on Margarita Island in the Caribbean off Caracas, killing 49 of the 50 passengers and crew aboard. On Aug. 15 Brazil recognizes the People's Repub. of China. On Aug. 15 a cyclone in West Bengal, India kills 20. On Aug. 15 (10 a.m.) (Korean Independence Day) South Korean pres. Park Chung-hee's 2nd wife Yuk Young-soo (b. 1925) is murdered by Japanese-born North Korean gunman Mun Segwang, who was trying to kill him - better luck next time? On Aug. 16 the Ethiopian army abolishes the crown council, the emperor's court of justice and military committee, and on Aug. 17 arrests the emperor's bodyguard Maj. Gen. Tafesse Lemma. On Aug. 17 Muslim Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-77) is elected pres. #5 of India by the parliament and state assemblies, and is sworn-in on Aug. 24 (until Feb. 11, 1977). On Aug. 18 (eve.) a Zaire C-130H military transport crashes near Kisangani, Zaire, killing 35. On Aug. 19-30 the Third U.N. World Pop. Conference in Bucharest, Romania is attended by reps from 130 nations. On Aug. 19-23 the United Mine Workers (UMW) observes "memorial week" for miners killed or mained in mines, shutting them down. On Aug. 20 Pres. Ford nominates rich rich rich Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller as his vice-pres. under the 25th Amendment. On Aug. 20 the AEC announces that the chance of a nuclear power plant accident that kills more than 1K people is one in a million. On Aug. 25 daredevil Bob Gill (whose May 10, 1973 jump over some Ryder trucks was aired during Super Bowl VIII, and who on July 17, 1973 set a world record with a 171-ft. jump over 22 cars with no ramp at Seattle Internat. Raceway) unsuccessfilly attempts to jump 200-ft.-wide (61m) Appalachia Lake in Bruceton Mills, W. Va. without a landing ramp, becoming permanently paralyzed. On Aug. 26 the Soviets launch the Soyuz 15 mission, carrying cosmonauts Gennadi (Gennady) Vasiliyevich Sarafanov (1942-2005) and Lev Stepanovich Dyomin (1926-98); too bad, it fails to dock with the Salyut 3 space station. If America can depose a king, Ethopia can depose the king of kings? On Aug. 27 82-y.-o. pith helmet-wearing emperor Haile Selassie I (1892-1975) (Tafari Makonnen), "King of Kings, Lord of Lords, and Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah" (who claims descent from King Menelik I, son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba) is ordered not to leave the capital Addis Ababa; on Sept. 12 he is deposed by the army from the Ethiopian throne he had held for 48 years (since 1936, except for 1936-41), and held at a palace outside Addis Ababa on charges of abuse of power and failure to aid victims of Ethiopia's famine, and his estates and palace are nationalized; his throne is offered to his son prince Asfa Wossen, but he refuses to return to Ethiopia; in late Sept. the 121-man Armed Forces Coordinating Committee, led by Lt. Gen. Aman Mikael Andom (1924-74) (an Eritrean) proclaims a military govt., with Aman as head of the cabinet and pres. #1 (until Nov. 17); on Dec. 20 it announces that Ethiopia will become a uniparty Socialist state. On Aug. 28 after heroic efforts by union organizer Crystal Lee Sutton (Jordan) (1941-2009), the U.S. textile industry (last major U.S. industry organized) finally unionizes after 1,685 of 3,133 workers for J.P. Stevens in seven mills in Roanoke Rapids, N.C. vote to join the Textile Workers Union of Am., which has been trying to win elections in vain for 40 years; too bad, Stevens continues the fight, harassing and dismissing union supporters in its 83 U.S. plants (until ?); in 1976 the 140K-member TWUA merges with the 360K-member Amalgamated Clothing Workers of Am. to form the ACTWU, and begins a boycott along with an organizing drive at 79 Stevens plants; the 1979 Sally Field "Norma Rae" is based on Sutton. On Aug. 29 the U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea ends in Caracas, Venezuela after the reps. from 148 nations can't agree on anything - except hold the Crab Louie? On Aug. 29 five boats carrying 59 fisherman disappear during a storm off Korea. On Aug. 30 a speeding express train en route from Germany to Belgrade derails as it enters the station in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, killing 153 and injuring 60+. On Aug. 30 a bomb explodes at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries HQ in Marunouchi, Tokyo, Japan, killing eight and injuring 378; on May 19, 1975 eight radical leftist activists are arrested by Japanese authorities, only one of them taking the cyanide capsule they had been provided with. On Aug. 31 West Germany loans Italy $2B. In Aug. Eritrean members of the Ethiopian parliament resign. In Aug. High Times counterculture mag. begins pub. by the Underground (Alternative) Press Syndicate, owned by black San Diego, Calif. smuggler Thomas King "Tom" Forcade (1945-78), who uses $20K made by smuggling marijuana to finance it, featuring covers aping Playboy, but with a choice cannabis plant instead of a woman, centerfolds featuring cocaine, and articles calling marijuana a "medical wonder drug" and ridiculing the U.S. Drug Enforcement Admin.; too bad, he commits suicide in Nov. 1978 after his best friend dies in a plane crash during a smuggling mission; in 1988 Steven Hager (1951-) becomes ed., removing hard drug articles and concentrating on cannabis. On Sept. 1 Pioneer 11 passes Saturn at a distance of 21K km from its cloud tops; on Dec. 2 it passes Jupiter at a distance of 34K km from its cloud tops, sending back photos of the Great Red Spot; communication is lost on Sept. 30, 1995. On Sept. 2 Gen. Francisco Franco (one year left to live?) resumes power in Spain after recovering from phlebitis, taking over from Prince Juan Carlos, who subbed as chief of state since July 19. On Sept. 2 after the loss of 4K Studebaker worker pensions in 1963, along with misuse of funds by the Teamsters and other large pension funds pisses Congress off into acting, Pres. Ford signs the U.S. Employee Retirement Security Act (ERISA), sponsored by Jewish-Am. Sen. (R-N.Y.) Jacob Koppel "Jack" Javits (1904-86), setting mininum standards for most voluntarily established pension and health plans in private industry, and establishing the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. (PBGC) to guarantee workers' benefits in private pension plans, superseding "any and all State laws insofar as they may nor or hereafter relate to any employee benefit plan"; employees lose their rights to file malpractice suits in state courts against HMOs and insurance cos.; it also establishes tax-deductible Individual Retirement Acccounts (IRAs), whose assets grow from $1.4B in 1975 to $26B by 1981, $400B by 1989, and $3.8T by 2006; Javits utters the soundbyte that ERISA is "the greatest development in the life of the American worker since Social Security", and Ford adds that "Our labor force will have much more clearly defined rights to pension funds and greater assurances that retirement dollars will be there when they are needed." On Sept. 4 the U.S. and East Germany establish formal diplomatic relations after 25 years; too bad, Congress won't grant most-favored nation treatment to East German imports, causing the U.S. to drop from its 12th to 28th largest trading partner in 1980-85 - being strange to love's challenge? On Sept. 5 France upgrades the status of the Caribbean island of Martinique from a department (since 1946) to a region. On Sept. 5 (Thur.) Life mag. pub. a special issue portraying the day as seen by 100 photographers across the nation, incl. how the stock market goes up sharply and briefly, and how Pres. Ford presides over a televised gathering of puzzled economists. On Sept. 7 the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) signs a peace treaty with Portugal, ending a decade of guerrilla warfare, setting June 25, 1975 as the date for Mozambique (9M blacks and 200K whites) independence; the inclusion of blacks in the interim govt. causes white riots, killing 100 and injuring 250, and some white rebels seize a radio station in the capital Lourenco Marques; on Oct. 21 more white rioting kills 47. On Sept. 7 an Indonesian airliner is blown off the runway while landing by high winds in Telukbetung, Indonesia, killing 35 of 39 aboard. On Sept. 7 the children's TV show Shazam! debuts on CBS-TV (until Oct. 16, 1976), based on the DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel, starring Jackson Leonard Bostwick Jr. (1943-), who in season 2 is replaced by John Davey; Joanna (JoAnna) Kara Cameron (1952-) plays ancient resurrected superheroine Isis, who doubles as a schoolteacher, and proves so popular that they spin her off as The Shazam!/Isis Hour, The Secrets of Isis (Sept. 6, 1975 - Sept. 3, 1977). The reason private gold ownership was legalized so fast after he took office? On Sept. 8 new U.S. pres. Gerald R. Ford grants a "full, free, and absolute" pardon to Richard Nixon for all federal crimes "he committed or may have committed or taken part in" while in office, which proves unpopular with the public, stirring rumors of a secret deal, although he denies it and claims it was needed to heal the country's divisions and spare Tricky D and the nation from further punishment; he asks Congress for $850K to facilitate Nixon's transition to private life, which they cut down to $200K: on Sept. 8 Ford's press secy. (since Aug. 9) Jerald Franklin "Jerry" terHorst (1922-) resigns in protest, saying he couldn't stomach it after he had been told to deny he would do it to reporters, and that Ford refuses to pardon Vietnam War draft evaders; NBC reporter Ronald Harold "Ron" Nesson (1934-) becomes Ford's White House press secy. (until 1977), uttering the soundbyte: "Nobody believes the official spokesman... but everybody trusts an unidentified source"; Ford does it knowing that the decision ultimately will cost him the 1976 election? - the rich man Rockefeller appointment didn't have something to do with it? On Sept. 8 TWA Flight 841 en route from Tel Aviv to New York City via Athens and Rome crashes in the Ionian Sea after takeoff from Athens, killing all 79 passengers and nine crew aboard; a young Arab working for Abu Nidal is later found to have boarded the plane and set off a bomb, becoming the first time a Muslim terrorist boards a U.S. plane on a suicide mission; in Jan. 2009 AP claims that Khalid Duhham Al-Jawary (leader of the Mar. 1973 New York City bomb plot) is linked to the crash. On Sept. 8 a bus returning from a religious pilgrimage plunges 750 ft. off a road into a canyon near La Vina, Santa Fe, Argentina, killing 32. On Sept. 8 motorcycle daredevil Evel Knievel (Robert Craig Jr.) (1938-2007) attempts to clear the .75-mi. Snake River Canyon in Idaho on a rocket-powered "Skycycle", becoming the top-rated ABC's Wide World of Sports episode ever, even though his parachute deploys prematurely (chicken?) and he crashes on the rocks, narrowly missing the river. On Sept. 9 (Mon.) the sitcom Rhoda debuts on CBS-TV for 110 episodes (until Dec. 9, 1978) as a spinoff of "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", starring Valerie Kathryn Harper (1939-) as spunky lovable Jewish babe Rhoda Morgenstern, who moves from Minneapolis, Minn. to New York City and moves in with her sister Brenda, played by Julie Deborah Kavner (1950-), and hooks up with divorced wrecking co. owner Joe Gerard, played by David Lawrence Groh (1939-2008); the debut episode "Joe" becomes the first TV series to achieve a Nielsen #1 rating (until ?), defeating "Monday Night Football"; on Oct. 28 Rhoda and Joe marry in a special 1-hour episode, which becomes the highest-rated TV episode of the 1970s until "Roots" in 1977, and the 2nd most-watched TV episode (52M viewers) since the birth of Litle Ricky on "I Love Lucy" in 1953. On Sept. 9-10 finance ministers from the Group of 10 major IMF industrial nations meet in Basel, Switzerland to discuss recent collapses of several banks, and create the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision - the tower of Basel? On Sept. 10 Guinea-Bissau gains its independence from Portugal. On Sept. 11 (7:30 a.m.) Eastern Airlines Flight 212 (DC-9) crashes in Charlotte, N.C. while attempting to land in fog, killing 71 of 82 aboard. On Sept. 11 (Wed.) the family-oriented drama series Little House on the Prairie series, based on the Laura Ingalls Wilder novels (1932-71) debuts on NBC-TV for 204 episodes (until Mar. 21, 1983), starring "Little Joe in Bonzana" actor Michael Landon (1936-91) as daddy Charles Philip Ingalls, Karen Grassle (1942-) as his wife Caroline Lake Quiner Ingalls, Melissa Ellen Gilbert (1964-) as cute cuddly daughter Laura Elizabeth Ingalls, Melissa Sue Anderson (1962-) as brainy Mary Amelia Ingalls who goes blind, and twins Lindsay and Sidney Greenbush (1970-) as doll-like Caroline Celestia "Carrie" Ingalls; the intro showing the did-I-say cute little white girls back in the 19th cent. White-is-Right days frolicking down an African-free and Injun-free hill telegraphs da message, making it an instant hit for whites; Alison Margaret Arngrim (1962-) steals many scenes as spoiled brat Nellie Oleson. On Sept. 12 the start of court-ordered busing to achieve racial integration in Boston's public schools is marred by violence in South Boston. On Sept. 12 the U.S. Dept. of Labor reports that wholesale prices rose at an annual rate of 46.8% during Aug. On Sept. 13 members of the Japanese Red Army (founded Feb. 1971) seize the French embassy in The Hague, demanding and receiving $300K, a flight to Aden, plus the release of member Yatuka Fumiya. On Sept. 13 (Fri.) the sitcom Chico and the Man debuts on NBC-TV for 88 episodes (until July 21, 1978), starring Jack Albertson (1907-81) as Ed "the Man" Brown, Anglo owner of a run-down garage in East L.A., and Freddie Prinze Jr. (1954-77) as his Chicano asst.; the first U.S. TV series set in a Mexican-Am. neighborhood; too bad, Prinze (whose father is German and mother is Puerto Rican) commits suicide on Jan. 29, 1977 in LA, although it is later ruled accidental; the Chico and the Man Theme foretells a largely Hispanic L.A.? On Sept. 13 (Fri.) after two TV movies on Jan. 11, 1972 and Jan. 16, 1973, the TV series Kolchak: The Night Stalker, based on the novel by Jeffrey Grant Rice debuts on ABC-TV for 20 episodes (until Mar. 28, 1975), starring cross-waving Darren McGavin (William Lyle Richardson) (1922-2006) as Las Vegas journalist Carl Kolchak, who investigates murders committed by supernatural creatures, and Simon Oakland (1915-83) as his editor, becoming a cult hit as well as the inspiration for "The X-Files". On Sept. 13 (Fri.) the police drama Police Woman debuts on NBC-TV for 91 episodes (until Mar. 29, 1978), starring big-chested blonde babe Angie Dickinson (Angeline Brown) (1931-) as Sgt. Leann Pepper Anderson, an undercover cop working for the LAPD; Henry Earl Holliman (1928-) plays her boss Sgt. William "Bill" Crowley. On Sept. 13 (Fri.) the detective series The Rockford Files debuts on NBC-TV for 122 episodes (until Jan. 10, 1980), starring "Maverick" star James Garner (1928-) as charismatic "$200 a day plus expenses" James Scott "Jim" Rockford, his dilapidated mobile home-office in Malibu, Calif., his answering machine, and an agile Pontiac Firebird; an ex-con pardoned from San Quentin for a wrongful conviction for armed robbery, he prefers closed criminal cases (no domestic cases) to avoid dealing with police, except for friend Sgt. Dennis Becker, played by Joe Santos (1931-); also stars Noah Beery Jr. (1913-94) (nephew of Wallace Beery) as Garner's father Joseph "Rocky" Rockford; created by Roy Huggins, who produced the 1957-62 TV show "Maverick", who teams with up-and-coming Stephen Joseph Cannell (1941-2010) (rhymes with channel). On Sept. 14-Oct. 10Hurricane Fifi (Fifi-Orlene) kills 8K-10K and leaves 100K homeless, causing $3.7B damage, crossing from the Atlantic to the Pacific. On Sept. 15 several dissident Russian artists attempt to exhibit their non-Soviet Realist modern art in a muddy field in SE Moscow; the Soviets respond by sending police, water trucks, and bulldozers to mess them up; two weeks later, to appease world opinion the Soviets give permission for another exhibition. On Sept. 16 Pres. Ford (in a pardoning mood) announces a limited Clemency Program for Vietnam War Deserters and draft evaders; 22.5K of 124K men who are eligible take advantage of it. On Sept. 16 former White House chief of staff Gen. Alexander M. Haig Jr. is nominated as supreme NATO cmdr. On Sept. 16 the BBC launches the Ceefax ("see facts") public service info. analog teletext system on BBC-TV (ends 2012). On Sept. 17 the U.N. Gen. Assembly convenes its 29th annual session, presided over by Abdelaziz Bouteflika (1937-) of Algeria. On Sept. 19 Argentine Bunge y Born (founded 1884) grain merchants Juan and Jorge Born are kidnapped by far-left Montoneros guerrillas, who demand $60M ransom; they release Juan in in Dec., followed by Jorge next June after receiving the full king's ransom, after which they relocate their HQ to Sao Paolo. On Sept. 20 Gail Adrienne Cobb (b. 1950) becomes the first female police officer slain in the U.S. after being shot by a robbery suspect she chased into a garage in Washington, D.C.; the year ends up the deadliest in U.S. law enforcement history (until ?), with 271 killed (260 in 1973, avg. of 222 per year during the 1970s). On Sept. 23 Sen. Edward M. Kennedy announces that he will not seek the presidency in 1976 because of family responsibilities - they would kill him? On Sept. 23 an 8-member U.S. congressional delegation plus 100 reporters tour Fort Knox to quiet rumors that Pres. Johnson or Pres. Nixon had secretly sold the gold; the Gen. Accounting Office (GAO) then runs an inventory audit in 1975-81, then performs annual audits of 10% of the contents at a time, verifying the amount and purity. On Sept. 24 the USDA announces that early fall frosts have damaged U.S. corn, soybean and wheat crops. On Sept. 25 Lt. William Calley's conviction is overturned as a result of prejudicial pretrial publicity. On Sept. 25 Susan Solomon (1956-) and other scientists warn that continued use of aerosol sprays will cause ozone depletion, leading to an increased risk of skin cancer and global weather changes; in 1976 the Nat. Academy of Science warns against fluorocarbons in spray cans. On Sept. 25 (Tue.) the anthology LA crime drama Police Story, created by Joseph Wambaugh debuts on NBC-TV for 95 episodes (until May 28, 1978). On Sept. 26 a Russian destroyer catches fire and sinks in the Black Sea, killing 200. On Sept. 27-28 Pres. Ford holds an economic summit meeting and names a new Economic Policy Board, asking all Americans to become "inflation fighters and energy savers". On Sept. 28 First Lady Betty Ford (b. 1918) undergoes a mastectomy at Bethesda Naval Medical Center in Md. following discovery of a cancerous lump in her breast; before the operation she conducts her first news conference, surprising reporters with outspoken comments on abortion and possible marijuana use by her children. In Sept. the U.S. Congress approves a measly $700M for South Vietnam, dooming it to North Vietnamese takeover. In Sept. U.S. senators Jakob K. Javits (R-N.Y.) and Clairborne Pell (D.-R.I.) visit Cuba to explore unilateral recognition after the Soviet Union pressures Castro to accept detente with the U.S. to gain access to the Venezuelan oil market. On Oct. 1 five Nixon aides (Kenneth Parkinson, Robert Mardian, Nixon's chief of staff H.R. Haldeman, John D. Ehrlichman, and U.S. atty.-gen. John N. Mitchell) go on trial for conspiring to hinder the Watergate investigation; Ehrlichman is convicted in the Watergate cover-up with Haldeman and Mitchell and for the break-in at the office of Daniel Ellsberg; Ehrlichman serves 18 mo. in federal prison while their boss walks. On Oct. 1 Chinese Communists celebrate 25 years in power; ailing old farts Chmn. Mao and PM Chou En-lai miss the ceremonies. On Oct. 1-4 IMF and World Bank officials discuss high oil prices at their annual meeting in Washington, D.C. On Oct. 3 Mariano Rumor's Italian cabinet resigns again. On Oct. 3 an 8.1 earthquake in Lima, Peru kills 73 and injures more than 2K. On Oct. 4 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Admin. (OSHA) issues a rule regulating exposure to vinyl chloride, estimating the compliance cost at $1B, with industry estimating up to $94B, although it actually only ends up costing $278M. On Oct. 5 IRA bombs in two pubs (Horse and Groom, Seven Stars) in Guildford, England kill four British soldiers and one civilian; too bad, the British govt. wrongfully convicts and imprisons the Guildford Four next year, and they aren't released until Oct. 19, 1989; filmed in 1993 starring Daniel Day-Lewis as Gerry Conlon. On Oct. 8 Pres. Ford gives a speech to Congress and announces his WIN (Whip Inflation Now) program in response to a high inflation rate, calling for voluntary energy conservation and a 5% surtax on corporate profits and personal incomes. On Oct. 8 after the Apr. "Il Crack Sindona" (a sudden stock market crash) causes it to lose $40M, Franklin Nat. Bank of Long Island, N.Y. is declared insolvent by bank examiners, becoming the biggest bank failure in U.S. history (until ?); the dir. of its parent co. is Jesuit-educated Sicilian financier Michele Sindona (1920-86), a former Vatican consultant, who was hailed as "savior of the lira", and named man of the year in Jan. by U.S. ambassador to Italy John Volpe; too bad his Banca Privata Italiana and Banca Unione also collapse; in banking circles he is known as "the Shark", with connections to the Mafia and the Propaganda Due (P2) covert (black) Freemason lodge (founded 1945), and known for laundering drug money for the Gambino family et al., who work to help him restore his banks by murder and extortion; after receiving a Mar. 27, 1984 life sentence for ordering the July 11, 1979 murder of atty. Giorgio Ambrosoli (1933-79), who was in charge of liquidating his banks, Sindona is killed in prison in Voghera on Mar. 18, 1986 with poisoned coffee, after which the Italian satirical mag. Cuore calls former PM Giulio Andreotti "Giulio Lavazza", after a famous Italian coffee brand; the assets of Franklin Nat. Bank are bought by European-Am. Bank and Trust Co. On Oct. 9 former Nazi Oskar Schindler (b. 1908), who risked his life and fortune to save 1.1K Jews from the Nazi Krakow-Plaszow and Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps dies bankrupt in Hildesheim, West Germany; at his request he is buried in Jerusalem. On Oct. 9-15 U.S. secy. of state Henry Kissinger visits seven Middle Eastern capitals to promote new peace talks. On Oct. 10 a construction scaffolding collapses near Manila, Philippines, killing 18 workmen. On Oct. 11 Leon Jaworski resigns as Watergate special prosecutor, effective Oct. 25. On Oct. 11 to deal with the energy crisis, Pres. Ford signs the U.S. Energy Reorg. Act, creating the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to replace the 1946 Atomic Energy Commission (AEC); on Nov. 25 Ford appoints Brooklyn, N.Y.-born Maltese-Am. businessman Frank Gustave Zarb (1935-) as U.S. "Energy Czar" (until 1977), with dual appointments in the Energy Resources Council and Federal Energy Admin.; in 1997-2001 Zarb returns as chmn. of the Nat. Assoc. of Securities Dealers (NASD), heading NASDAQ during the Dot.com Bubble Crisis - he always manages losing crises? On Oct. 12-18 the Oakland Athletics (AL) defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) 4-1 to win the Seventy-First (71st) (1977) World Series by 4-1 (3rd straight, 1st time since the Yankees in 1949-53); Oakland relief pitcher Roland Glen "Rollie" Fingers (1946-), who posted a win and three saves, and is known for his handlebar moustache grown to get a $300 bonus from A's owner Charles Oscar "Charlie O" Finley (1918-96) becomes MVP. On Oct. 14 the Watergate coverup trial of five Nixon aides begins in Washington, D.C.; the prosecutor says that the scandal involved "the most powerful men in the U.S. govt... even the President himself". On Oct. 15 Pres. Ford signs a federal election campaign funding reform bill, setting spending limits for federal races, plus public financing for pres. elections; the net result is zilch as loopholes are found? On Oct. 16 Congress overrides Pres. Ford's veto for the first time, giving $7B to the Railroad Retirement System. On Oct. 17 Pres. Ford voluntarily testifies before a House Judiciary Subcommittee about his pardon of Pres. Nixon, saying that the bum brought "shame and disgrace" on the office - one bad guy, dozens of cops, you do the math? On Oct. 17 the U.S. Congress adjourns for elections. On Oct. 19 six persons, incl. four customers are slain during the holdup of a bakery in New Britain, Conn. by two gunmen. On Oct. 20 Swiss voters reject 2-to-1 a proposal to deport 500K foreign workers. On Oct. 20 Purolator Armored Car Co. of Chicago, Ill. is robbed of $4.3M, becoming the largest cash theft in U.S. history; six Chicago-area men are charged after $1.45M is found buried under a concrete floor in a cellar; the rest is believed to have been deposited in secret bank accounts in the Bahamas - mister big stuff? On Oct. 21 Mexican pres. Luis Echeverria Alvarez (1970-6) meets with U.S. pres. Ford in Nogales, Mexico. On Oct. 23-26 U.S. secy. of state Kissinger holds 3-1/2 days of arms limitation negotiations with Moscow, and on Nov. 9 ends an 18-day 27K-mi. trip to 17 countries that he claims is mainly about the Middle East problem. On Oct. 27 Chancellor Helmut Schmidt's ruling Social Dem. Party loses elections in Bavaria and Hesse, West Germany. On Oct. 28 Arab chiefs recognize the PLO as the "sole legitimate rep. of the Palestinian people", and approve $3.5B in military assistance for Arab states. On Oct. 29 the U.S. Dept. of Commerce reports that its economic indicators dropped more in Sept. than in any other month in 23 years. On Oct. 30 South Vietnamese Pres. Thieu fires three top military corps cmdrs. for corruption - it's just another day? On Oct. 30 former pres. Nixon goes into shock following blood clot surgery - how far was it jammed up his ass? On Oct. 30 West German Chancellor Schmidt ends talks in Moscow with Brezhnev. In Oct. on Halloween night a man in Pasadena, Tex. kills his own son by giving him strychnine-laced candy after taking out a $61K life insurance policy on him. In Oct. the Balcombe Street Gang of the Provisional IRA begins a bombing campaign in England in London and surrounding areas, carrying out approx. 40 bomb attacks by Dec. 1975, incl. hitting the same targets twice and carrying 2+ attacks on the same day, incl. seven time bombs in London on Jan. 27, 1975. In Oct. Joint Chiefs of Staff chmn. (since July 1) Gen. George Scratchley Brown (1918-78) utters the soundbyte at a Duke U. seminar that U.S. Jews "own the banks in this country and the newspapers" and suggests that they have too much influence; in 1976 he adds that Israel is a "burden" to the U.S., after which Pres. Ford orders him to apologize and tries to get him to resign, but he finishes out his term under Pres. Carter, retiring on June 21, 1978 and dying of cancer on Dec. 5, 1978 after predicting that Iran will soon become an important military power in the Middle East - so they close his accounts, ruin his credit and shut him up? In Oct. Patti Labelle (1944-) and the Labelles become the first African-Am. contemporary act to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Pissers against the wall have proven to be such fuckups, why not give squat to pees a chance to fuck up? On Nov. 3 (2:50 a.m.) a fire in Pui Lai Win Hotel in Seoul, South Korea kills 89. On Nov. 5 the Dems. sweep the U.S. elections in a no-brainer, losing 43 House seats and 3 Senate seats, plus the governorships of N.Y. and Calif.; Ella T. (Giovanna Olivia Tambussi) Grasso (1919-81) is elected Dem. gov. of Conn., becoming the first woman to win a governorship without succeeding her husband, and being sworn-in next Jan. 8 (until Dec. 31, 1980); former astronaut John Herschel Glenn Jr. (1921-), who quit the Marines and went into politics in 1974 after encouragement by Robert F. Kennedy becomes Repub. Sen. from Ohio, being sworn-in on Dec. 24 (until Jan. 6, 1999). On Nov. 7 a Provisional IRA bombs explodes at the Kings Arms pub in Woolwich, killing an off-duty soldier and a civilian, and injuring 28; meanwhile two British soldiers are killed by an IRA bomb near Stewartstown in County Tyrone, Ireland. On Nov. 8 in Quito, Ecuador the Org. of Am. States (OAS) votes 14-12 against dropping sanctions against Cuba. On Nov. 8 British aristocrat Richard Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan (b. 1934) (AKA Lucky Lucan) disappears after his children's nanny Sandra Rivett is found murdered; after being found guilty in absentia on June 19, 1975 of Rivett's murder, he is declared legally dead in tweet-tweet-tweet rockin-robbin 1999; in 2003 Scotland Yard detective Duncan MacLaughlin claims he fled to Goa and never committed suicide. On Nov. 8 lucky Carol DaRoch narrowly escapes being abducted by serial murderer Ted Bundy from a Utah shopping mall after he poses as a police officer and she kicks him in the balls to break free; later that night he kidnaps and murders 17-y.-o. Debby Kent. On Nov. 9 Polish-born Israeli finance minister Yehoshua Rabinowitz (1911-79) announces austerity measures incl. a devaluation of the currency and higher taxes. On Nov. 9 Rev. Alison Cheek (1928-) becomes the first woman to celebrate communion in an Episcopal Church in the U.S. On Nov. 11 (12:00 p.m.) a car carrying Pakistani nat. assemblyman Ahmed Raza Kasuri (Qasuri), critic of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is ambushed in Lahore; he escapes, but his father Nawab Mohammed Ahmed Khan is killed; it is later traced to Bhutto's men and used to execute him by rival gen. Zia-ul-Haq. On Nov. 12 South Africa is expelled from the 1974-5 U.N. Gen. Assembly. On Nov. 12 the 28-day 1974 Bituminous Coal Strike of 120K UMW coal miners begins, idling 70% of U.S. coal production; on Dec. 5 it ends after they get a 3-year contract. On Nov. 12 the OAS defeats a resolution to lift the 1964 sanctions against Cuba as "anachronistic, uneffective, and inconvenient" when 12 countries vote yes, three no, and six (incl. the U.S.) abstain (two votes short). On Nov. 13, 1974 the U.N. Question of Palestine Debate features PLO chmn. Yasser Arafat (1929-2004) (picked by an Arab summit over King Hussein I of Jordan) addressing the U.N. Gen. Assembly wearing a fatigue uniform complete with pistol, giving a speech calling for "one democratic state" to replace Israel, after which Israeli chief delegate Yosef "Joe" Tekoah (1926-91) denounces his speech; on Nov. 22 the U.N. by 89-8-37 adopts U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 3236 and U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 3237, recognizing "the right of the Palestinian people to regain its rights by all means in accordance with the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter", and giving the PLO status as their rep, with U.N. observer status; European Community countries support the continued existence of Israel; meanwhile left-wing secular Palestinian radical rejectionist (rejecting a peaceful settlement with Israel) Abu Nidal (Arab. "Father of the Struggle") (real name Sabri Khalil al-Banna) (1937-2002) founds the Abu Nidal ("father of struggle") Org. (ANO) after being expelled from Yasser Arafat's Fatah faction in the PLO in Mar., going on to orchestrate random cruelty attacks in 20 countries that kill or injure 900+, calling himself "the Father of Jihad", with the soundbyte "I am the evil spirit of the secret services. I am the evil spirit which moves around only at night causing them nightmares" - love stinks? On Nov. 13 plutonium-contaminated chem. technician and labor union activist Karen Gay Silkwood (b. 1946), who blew the whistle on the Kerr-McGee Cimarron Plutonium Plant near Crescent, Okla. (30 mi. N of Oklahoma City) is killed in a suspicious car crash; on May 18, 1979 her estate wins $10.5M compensation for the atomic contamination she suffered as a nuclear worker in 1974. On Nov. 13 Sheikh Abdullah and Indira Gandhi sign the Kashmir Accord, making Kashmir a "constituent unit" of India. On Nov. 13 (3:00 a.m. local time) the Amityville Murders in Amityville, Long Island, N.Y. sees Ronald Joseph "Butch" DeFeo Jr. (1951-) murder his parents and four siblings with a .35 Marlin 336C rifle, then unsuccessfully try to lie his way out of it; he is convicted of six counts of 2nd degree murder on Nov. 21, 1975, and given six consecutive 25-life sentences after claiming to be possessed; the house at 112 Ocean Ave. is later claimed to be haunted, inspiring the 1977 book and 1979 film "The Amityville Horror". On Nov. 13 the TV series The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams debuts on CBS-TV fo 38 episodes (until Feb. 21, 1982), based on the 1974 novel by Charles Edward Sellier Jr. and the 1974 film, starring Dan Haggerty as frontier woodsman James "Grizzly" Adams, who fled into the mountains to escape a false murder rap, and saves orphaned grizzly bear cub Ben, who grows to a huge size and becomes his best friend, along with trader Mad Jack (Denver Pyle) and native American Nakoma (Don Shanks). On Nov. 14 Richard Nixon goes home from the hospital after three weeks - did they keep him in a padded cell? On Nov. 15 Ernesto Geisel's Brazilian govt. suffers a severe reversal in congressional elections. On Nov. 17 Pres. Ford flies to Japan for talks with new PM (since July 7) Kakuei Tanaka; on Dec. 9 Tanaka (who had a conviction for accepting bribes from coal mining interests earlier in his career overturned) resigns over acceptance of a $2.2M bribe from Lockheed Aircraft Corp. to persuade All Nippon Airways to use its Tristar jets, and his Liberal-Dem. Party barely survives July 7 elections; on Dec. 9 he is replaced by Takeo Miki (1907-88) as Japanese PM #65 (until Dec. 24, 1976). On Nov. 19 U.S. automakers announce widespread layoffs - as nobody wants to buy their sloppily-built overpriced junk? On Nov. 19 a private research group reports that U.S. consumer confidence has reached a 7-year low - don't you just hate it when the whole neighborhood's spying on ya? On Nov. 19 the Makahali River Bridge in Baitadi, Makahali, Nepal collapses, killing 140. On Nov. 20 the U.S. govt. files an antitrust suit to break up AT&T, resulting in an agreement to divest its Bell Operating Cos. (BOC) on Jan. 8, 1982, effective Jan. 1, 1984. On Nov. 20 Lufthansa Flight 540 (Boeing 747) en route from Frankfurt to Johannesburg crashes after takeoff in Nairobi, Kenya after the flight engineer forgets to open the pneumatic system air-bleed valves, preventing the leading-edge slats from deploying, killing 59 of 140 passengers and 17 crew. On Nov. 21 the U.S. Freedom of Info. Act (FOIA) with Privacy Act Amendments is passed by Congress over Pres. Ford's veto, assuring broader public access to public info. while barring govt. agencies from keeping secret records on individuals or sharing info. on individuals between agencies, or disclosing info. except under court order and other limited circumstances; the original FOIA act was passed in 1966; Ford signs it next Jan. 1, effective Sept. 27, 1975; in 1976 the U.S. Govt. in the Sunshine Act adds even more openness, incl. opening meetings of govt. agencies to public observation. On Nov. 21 (8:25 p.m., 8:27 p.m.) the Provisional IRA bombs two pubs (Mulberry Bush, Tavern in the Town) in Birmingham, England, killing 21 civilians (10 at the Mulberry, 11 at the Tavern), and injuring 162, after which on Aug. 15, 1975 the Birmingham Six are wrongfully convicted and sentenced on Aug. 15 to life in prison, and after going through Hell the convictions are finally overturned on Mar. 14, 1991. On Nov. 21 Orlando, Fla.-born Paul John Knowles (b. 1946) is arrested in Ga. after a crime spree beginning July 26 that killed 18-35, becoming known as "the Casanova Killer" for his good looks and seductive manner, ending up getting killed trying to escape a police car on Dec. 18. On Nov. 23 Socialist hardliners stage a coup in Ethiopia, forming the Derg (Dergue) Communist military junta, which governs until 1987; on Nov. 24 they execute Gen. Aman Andom and 59 others, incl. PM Endelkachew Makonnen (b. 1927) and two former PMs; Brig. Gen. Teferi Bante (Benti) (1921-77) becomes PM, but the real strongman is Maj. Mengistu Haile Mariam (1937-); on Dec. 20 the govt. announces that the country is a 1-party Socialist state, and that collective farms will be established, ending in a famine that kills 1M during the 1980s after the govt. spends its money to buy military equipment instead of food. On Nov. 23-24 U.S. pres. Ford and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev hold an arms control summit in Vladivostok, Siberia (4th since May 1972), and agree to limit offensive nukes but not reduce them - you're both MAD anyway? On Nov. 25 former U.N. secy.-sen. (1961-71) U Thant (b. 1909) dies in New York at age 65. On Nov. 26 Pres. Ford signs an $11.8M Mass-Transit Aid Bill that subsidizes operating expenses for the first time ever. On Nov. 27 the 1-year "emergency temporary powers" Prevention of Terrorism Act is passed in the U.K. in response to the IRA bombings, allowing terrorist orgs. to be made illegal and necessary police actions to be taken; it is renewed yearly, and rewritten in 1974, 1984, and 1989, then replaced with the more permanent 2000 Terrorism Act and 2005 Prevention of Terrorism Act. On Nov. 27 Louis B. Russell (b. 1925) dies after setting a record for living the longest with a transplanted heart (since 8-24-68). On Nov. 28 John Lennon makes his last concert appearance at an Elton John concert at New York's Madison Square Garden, joining him to sing "Whatever Gets You Through the Night", "Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds", and "I Saw Her Standing There"; backstage, Lennon has a brief reunion with Yoko Ono (1933-), from whom he'd been separated for over a year - suck what? On Nov. 30 India and Pakistan decide to end a 10-year trade ban. By Nov. world sugar prices reach 72 cents per lb., compared to 10 cents in late 1973, caused by widespread hoarding and a shortage mentality left by the oil embargo; by 1977 prices drop below 1973 levels and U.S. sugar producers ask Congress for help. On Dec. 1 TWA Flight 514 (Boeing 727) crashes into a wooded hillside in Upperville, Va. (25 mi. NW of Dulles Internat. Airport in Washington, D.C.), killing all 85 passengers and seven crew aboard, becoming the worst U.S. air disaster of 1974; it also severs the main underground phone line to the secret Mount Weather complex for govt. officials in the event of nuclear war (completed in 1958), exposing its existence to the public after a bunch of parked cars are noticed by rescue crews near the mountaintop in the middle of nowhere. On Dec. 2 after Hawaii gov. #2 (since 1962) John Anthony Burns (1909-75) becomes incapacitated, Honolulu-born Dem. George Ryoichi Ariyoshi (1926-) becomes the first Asian-Am. gov. of a U.S. state (until 1986), followed by the state's longest-serving gov. after term limits are passed. On Dec. 2 the Soviets launch Soyuz 16, carrying cosmonauts Anatoly Vasiyevich Filipchenko (1928-) and Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov (1932-2002) to work on the Salyut 3 space station. On Dec. 4 Canadian PM Pierre Trudeau meets with Pres. Ford in Washington, D.C. to discuss Canada's plans for reducing oil exports to the U.S; on Dec. 5 West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt meets with him in Washington, D.C. On Dec. 4 the Seven Virgins Air Disaster sees a chartered Dutch Martinair DC-8 carrying Indonesian Muslim pilgrims crash into a mountain range in Maskeliya near Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing all 191 aboard. On Dec. 4 the Tony Orlando and Dawn Show debuts on CBS-TV (until Oct. 29, 1975), ultimately becoming the victim of the proliferation of remote controls on TVs, which allow the fickle public to instantly switch channels the second there is a lull, bringing about the demise of the traditional variety TV show. On Dec. 5 Danish PM Poul Hartling dissolves parliament over economic policy. On Dec. 5 the roof of the Mehrabad Airport Terminal in Tehran, Iran collapses after a 12-hour snowfall, killing 17 and injuring dozens, after which a govt. minister is arrested for misconduct in the construction. On Dec. 5 a Russian-French summit begins in Paris. On Dec. 6 Former Hollywood child star Shirley Temple Black (1928-) is appointed U.S. ambassador to Ghana (until July 13, 1976), then becomes the first female U.S. chief of protocol from July 1, 1976 to Jan. 21, 1977, after which in 1984 she becomes the first honorary foreign service officer in U.S. history, and the first female U.S. ambassador to Czech. in Aug. 23, 1989 (until July 12, 1992) - after going black with Bo Jangles as a child, she's finally ghana get all the black she wants? On Dec. 7 Italian PM Aldo Moro gains a vote of confidence on an anti-inflation bill. On Dec. 8 the Soyuz 16 manned spacecraft lands safely after a 6-day flight rehearsal for the 1975 joint U.S.-Soviet space mission. On Dec. 9 former Beatle John Lennon (1940-80) appears on Monday Night Football during a game between the Washington Redskins and the Los Angeles Rams, and is interviewed by Howard Cosell, uttering the soundbyte that football games "make rock concerts look like tea parties"; the Redskins win by 23-17. On Dec. 9-10 Common Market heads of state meet in Paris to reunite their govts. On Dec. 10 Helios I, the first German space probe is launched, followed by Helios II on Jan. 15, 1976, designed to study the Sun. On Dec. 12 a military heli crashes in South Vietnam, killing 54 soldiers. The U.S. shows its Achilles heel of a limited attention span to the world? On Dec. 13 North Vietnam tests American resolve by attacking Phuoc Long Province in South Vietnam; when no military response is forthcoming, they plan the final assault - me you Phuoc Long time? On Dec. 13 Malta becomes a repub. in the British Commonwealth, with a unicameral legislature, gov-.gen. Sir Anthony Joseph Mamo (1909-2008) as pres. #1 (until 1976), and Dominic Mintoff remaining as PM (until 1984); the Labour Party dominates Malta until 1987. On Dec. 13 Tangerine Dream and Nico hold a concert at Reims Cathedral in France, but it is overbooked, and fans urinate in the hall, pissing-off the Roman Catholic Church, which bans future performances. On Dec. 13 (3:00 a.m. local time) (Fri.) a fire at the Grand Metropolitan Hotels in London kills seven and injures three firemen, who rescue 19. On Dec. 14 after U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 2330 of Dec. 1967 established the 35-member Special Committee on the Question of Defining Aggression, U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 3314 is adopted, proposing a non-binding recommendation to the U.N. Security Council on the definition of the crime of aggression. On Dec. 14 Robin Harrison hijacks a Piper Seneca in Tampa, Fla. to Cuba, becoming the last of the decade. On Dec. 15 (2:00 a.m. local time) (Sun.) a fire in home for the elderly in Edwalton, Nottinghamshire, England kills 18. In mid-Dec. the 1974-75 Central Australian Bushfires begin with the Moolah-Corinya Bushfires in Far West NSW, and end in 1975 with 11M acres burned. On Dec. 16 Pres. Ford and French pres. d'Estaing end talks in Martinique, agreeing to coordinate energy policies. On Dec. 19 after 4 mo. of Congressional hearings, and Senate confirmation on Dec. 12, the House confirms "the Spendthrift of Albany" Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (1908-79), and he is sworn-in as the 41st U.S. vice-pres. (until Jan. 20, 1977) by U.S. chief justice Warren Burger in the U.S. Senate Chamber; the hearings reveal his net wealth as $218M, incl. an avg. annual income for the past 10 years of $4.6M before taxes; his wife (since 1963) is Margretta Large Fitler Murphy "Happy" Rockefeller (1926-2015), the great-great-great-granddaughter of U.S. Civil War Union gen. George Gordon Meade (1815-72) - how much did it cost? On Dec. 19, 1974 (21:00 GMT) a Provisional IRA (Balcombe Street Gang) car bomb explodes near Selfridge's dept. store on Oxford St. in London, injuring nine and causing Ł1.5M damage. On Dec. 19 former Pres. Nixon's pres. papers are seized by an act of Congress; a court later rules that much of the material belongs to Nixon and that he deserves compensation. On Dec. 20 in Northern Ireland a temporary ceasefire is established. On Dec. 20 the 93rd U.S. Congress adjourns after passing a trade bill allowing removal of tariffs on Russian goods. On Dec. 22 the Provisional IRA announces a Christmas ceasefire after bombing the vacant home of ex-PM Edward Heath. On Dec. 22 the New York Times an article by Seymour M. Hersh appears, claiming that the CIA's Operation CHAOS (1969-73) has been spying on anti-war activists and other dissidents in the U.S. during the Nixon admin., concluding that the laws on domestic spying are "fuzzy" with regard to CIA powers; next Jan. 1 Pres. Ford calls former CIA dir. Richard M. Helms into the Oval Office and tells him "Frankly, we are in a mess", and appoints a blue ribbon panel headed by U.S. vice-pres. Nelson Rockefeller to investigate; meanwhile U.S. Sen. (D-Ohio) (1957-81) Frank Forrester Church III (1924-84) (known for sponsoring the 1970 Cooper-Church Amendment to curtail the war, and the Sept. 1970 soundbyte "the doves had won") chairs a Senate Select Committee to Study Govt. Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (until 1977), and the House sets up a parallel committee; after CIA dir. William Colby gives the Church Committee info. on CIA efforts to sabotage Chile's economy, Sen. Barry Goldwater and other right-wingers attack him for compromising the agency. On Dec. 22 a jetliner explodes after takoff in Maturin, Venezuela, killing all 71 passengers and six crew. On Dec. 23 British minister (former postmaster gen.) John Thomson Stonehouse (1925-88) is arrested in Melbourne, Australia after faking his drowning in Miami Beach, Fla. on Nov. 20, then going by the stone cold name of Donald Clive Mildoon; on Aug. 6, 1976 he is sentenced to seven years for fraud, theft, and forgery. On Dec. 24 a massive oil spill by Mitsubishi Oil Co. in Mizushima, Japan pollutes 1.6K sq. mi. of the scenic Inland Sea, becoming the most severe oil pollution in Japanese history (until ?); the cleanup costs them $100M and shuts down the refinery until Aug. 1975. On Dec. 24-25 Cyclone Tracy nearly destroys Darwin, Australia, killing 65 and causing a mass evacuation, leaving 20K homeless; although the town is rebuilt, many of the evacuees never return - survival of the fittest? On Dec. 26 the Soviet Union launches the fewer-pieces-left-behind Salyut 4 orbiting space station, which is later visited by the Salyut 17, 18 and 20 (unmanned). On Dec. 27 a coal mine explosion and fire in Lievin (Liévin), France kills 41 miners. On Dec. 27 Pope Paul VI nominates Alexandre Jose Maria dos Santos (1924-) as the first Mozambican archbishop of Lourenco Marques. On Dec. 28-29 the 6.2 Pattan Earthquake near Rawalpindi in N Pakistan destroys 11 villages and kills 5.3K over 1K sq. mi. On Dec. 30 the Watergate jury begins deliberations, which end on Jan. 1, 1975 with guilty verdicts for four of five former Nixon aides. On Dec. 31 the restrictions on private ownership of gold by U.S. citizens (in place since 1933) are lifted; too bad, investors don't start an expected gold rush, and gold prices drop from $174.50 next Jan. 2 to below $140 next Oct. On Dec. 31 after bottoming out at 570.01 on Dec. 9, the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes for the year at 616.24 (vs. 850.86 at the end of 1973). In Dec. the rock group The Faces splits as Rod Stewart goes solo and Ron Wood joins the Rolling Stones. In Dec. the Kissinger Report (Nat. Security Study Memorandum 200) is pub. by Nat. Security Council dir. Henry Kissinger, with the soundbyte: "World population needs to be decreased by 50%"; it is not declassified until 1989. Dem. Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (1938-2003) is elected as the first black mayor of Atlanta, Ga., going on to serve three terms (1974-82, 1990-4). The Nat. Automated Clearing House Assoc. (NACA) is formed, along with the Nat. Automated Clearing House Assoc. (NACHA) to oversee electronic check payments from regional automated clearing houses. First Nat. City Corp. holding co. changes its name to Citicorp, and introduces the floating rate note into the U.S. financial market. The Malaysian govt. creates the Nat.Front (Barisan Nasional), a multiparty alliance attempting to unite Malay, Chinese, and Islamic groups. The 1967 Zaire constitution is amended to grant universal suffrage and give the pres. and unicameral legislature 5-year terms; Pres. Mobutu nationalizes the economy, bars religious instruction in schools, and decrees the adoption of African names; most foreign-owned businesses are ordered sold to Zaire citizens (reversed in 1977). A 6-year sub-Saharan drought which devastated Mali and its 1.8M pop. and killed thousands is finally ended. Panama reestablishes diplomatic relations with Cuba. The parity arrangement and tariff-free access to U.S. markets for Philippine products is ended. Fighting resumes in Kurdistan despite the 1970 agreement as rebel Kurds dispute the boundaries of the Kurdish autonomous zone and the status of the oilfields in Kirkuk. The U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act is passed. The U.S. EPA bans chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides incl. aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlor after being shown to cause cancer in lab animals. The Internat. Energy Agency (IEA) is established to safeguard energy supplies to the West; it pub. the annual World Energy Outlook; meanwhile the Shah of Iran tells Le Monde that "sooner than is believed" Iran will be "in possession of a nuclear bomb" - considering that he is trying to Westernize and secularize the backward Shiite pop., and is located so close to the Soviet Union, that can be good or bad? The Legal Services Corp. is founded by Congress to provide free legal services to the needy; in mid-1978 Hillary Rodham Clinton becomes its first chmn. (until mid-1980). Zimbabwean black nationalist leader Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo (1917-99), who has been imprisoned by the Rhodesian govt. since 1964 is released under pressure of South African pres. B.J. Vorster, going to Zambia, where he leads the Zimbabwe People's Rev. Army, obtaining Soviet and Angolan help - make the cash call and ask for the do-over refi? The Grey Wolves (Idealist Youth) ultra-rightist terrorist youth org. begins destabilizing the govt. of Turkey, killing 694 by 1980. After being accused of killing 17-y.-o. Oakland, Calif. ho Kathleen Smith, Black Panthers co-founder Huey Percy Newton (1942-89) flees to Cuba, and names his singer babe Elaine Brown (1943-) (who ran unsuccessfully for the Oakland Calif. city council last year, with 30% of the vote, and runs again next year, getting 44% of the vote) as the new chmn. of the party (until 1977), going on to manage the campaign of Lionel Wilson, who becomes Oakland's first black mayor in 1977; after Newton (who was placed on the FBI Most Wanted List) returns from Cuba in 1977 after Peoples Temple leader Jim Jones visits him, and is acquitted for lack of evidence, then demands that staffer Regina Davis be beaten, she quits the party for its sexism, going to law school and becoming a prison reformer; too bad, on Dec. 13 Black Panther Party bookkeeper Betty Van Patter (b. 1932) disappears, and her severely beaten body is later found on a very pattering beach in San Francisco Bay, causing Marxist Black Panther supporter David Joel Horowitz (1939-) to accuse her (his close friend) of it to cover-up financial irregularities. Nutrition labelling of fluid milk products begins in the U.S. Brazil launches a program to replace gasoline with gasohol (gasoline-ethyl alcohol mixture) using corn (maize); by 1980 750K Brazilian cars run on it - while people starve in Bangladesh and Ethiopia because it's their own fault? Employees of the South Korean newspaper Dong-A Ilbo strike to protest the planting of Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) agents in their offices, and pres. Park Chung-hee withdraws them under pressure then orders a commercial advertising boycott, almost forcing it into bankruptcy until intellectuals and blue-collar workers unite to buy advertising. Algerian pres. Hourari Boumedienne addresses the U.N. Gen. Assembly and utters the soundbyte: "One day millions of men will leave the southern hemisphere of this planet to burst into the northern one. But not as friends. Because they will burst in to conquer, and they will conquer by populating it with their children. Victory will come to us from the wombs of our women." In Libya a dog is tried for biting a human and serves a 1 mo. sentence of a diet of bread and water. In Guyana a small group of pioneers from the Peoples Temple of San Francisco, Calif. move to what will be named Jamestown after founder James Warren "Jim" Jones (1931-78) (appointed chmn. of the San Francisco Housing Authority by mayor George Moscone in 1976) acquires a 25-year lease on 3,853 acres in the Orinoco River basin. The Naval Observatory at Mass. and 34th Sts. in Washington, D.C. becomes the official residence of the U.S. vice-pres. The govt. of Mexico begins a family-planning program, with clinics and billboards proclaiming the benefits of small families, causing birth rates to begin declining significantly by 1990, and the avg. number of children born per woman to slide from 6+ in 1965 to 2.9 in 1999; too bad, the lag allows the pop. of Mexico to double to 100M by 2000. If you can't beat 'em? His segregationist days of 1964 long past, ex-Ga. gov. (1967-71) Lester Garfield Maddox (1915-2003) opens his 2nd Pickrick fried chicken restaurant in Atlanta, Ga., serving all races and selling souvenir axe handles. Valium becomes the #1 prescribed drug in the U.S. The term "sexual harassment" begins to be used by Jennie Tiffany Farley et al. at Cornell U., and catches on; Mich. becomes the first U.S. state to shift emphasis on rape cases from the victim to the rapist, becoming a model. David Spangler (1945-) and William Irwin Thompson (1938-) found the New Age Lindisfarne Assoc. A Gallup Poll shows that only 40% of U.S. adults attend church services weekly, while Roman Catholic attendance slides to 55% from 71% in 1963. The first commercial hotel opens in Cancun (Mayan "snake's nest"), Mexico, with 72 rooms. Naropa Inst. (U.) is founded in fairy tale Boulder, Colo., "the Mountain" while TLW is living there attending the U. of Colo. (1971-5) by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chogyam (Chögyam) Trungpa (1939-87), named after 11th cent. Indian Buddhist sage Naropa (1016-1100); Beat Generation poets Allen Ginsberg and Anne Waldman found the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics there. Intel Corp. opens its first development center outside the U.S. in Haifa, Israel, becoming the only microchip design facility outside the U.S. (until ?). The Capital Children's Museum in Washington, D.C. is founded. TGI Fridays becomes the first U.S. restaurant chain to serve potato skins. Topless swimsuit designer Rudi Gernreich (1922-) introduces the thong bikini - every woman wants to wear one, but few can pull it off? GM begins offering airbags in Buicks, Oldsmobiles, and Cadillacs. Pepsi-Cola begins to be marketed in the Soviet Union - Communism is doomed? London's Covent Garden wholesale fruit, veggie, and flower market in Westminster and Camden E of Charing Cross Rd., W of Kingsway, N of the Strand, and S of High Holborn (founded in the 16th cent.) moves to Nine Elms in South London. Columbia, Mo.-born Enos Stanley "Stan" Kroenke (1947-) marries fellow Missourian, Wal-Mart heiress Ann Walton Kroenke (1948-), then goes on to plow his real estate skills into building a multi-billion dollar empire, moving to Denver, Colo. and going on to buy the Denver Nuggets, Colo. Avalanche, Colo. Rapids, Colo. Mammoth, and Colo. Crush, and build the Pepsi Center in Denver and the Dick's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City. After hosting a puppet ministry on Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) in 1964-73, Mich.-born televangelists James Orsen "Jim" Bakker (1940-) and Tamara "Tammy" Faye Bakker (1942-2007) (known for thick mascara, false eyelashes, and tattooed-on eyebrows) found the PTL (Praise the Lord) Club teleministry in Fort Mill, S.C. (ends 1987), which ends up owning a 500-room luxury hotel, the Inspirational Network cable TV show, the 2.3K-acre Christian theme park Heritage USA, and an amphitheater, claiming 13M subscribers and $175M in assets in 1987 before a scandal causes it to become kaput. The Fraser Inst. (named after the Fraser River) libertarian-conservative public policy think tank is founded in Vancouver, B.C., Canada by Canadian economist Michael Walker (1945-) et al., going on to pub. the annual Economic Freedom Index, Human Freedom Index, Survey of Mining Cos., School Report Cards, and Tax Freedom Day et al. while backing climate change skeptics Ross McKitrick et al. and influencing the Canadian Conservative Party to deny climate change; of course, critics put their donor list under the microscope, striking pay dirt with the Charles G. Koch Foundation, Sarah Scaife Foundation, Exxon Mobil et al. Lyndon LaRouche (1922-) founds the Fusion Energy Foundation (FEF), advocating thermonuclear fusion research, and reaching 100K subscribers by 1980. New Age Journal: The Journal for Holistic Living is founded in New York City; in 2002 it becomes "Body+Soul"; in May 2010 it becomes "Whole Living"; it ceases pub. in Feb. 2013. The Norton Simon Museum in Calif. is founded by a takeover of the Pasadena Art Museum by Portland, Ore.-born Hunt's Foods tycoon Norton Winfred Simon (1907-93), who goes on to pack it with Euro art ; in 1972 he bought a 10th cent. Dancing Shiva bronze statue for $900K, which the Indian govt. claims is stolen, causing him to at first brag about then deny knowing it was smuggled, after which he agrees to return it in exchange for allowing to display it in his museum for nine years. The U.K. has its first season of gay theatre - did it suck or blow? The J. Paul Getty Museum is founded in Malibu, Calif. after aging oil billionare Jean Paul Getty (1892-1976) finally decides to hang it up. In 1974 the Telluride Film Festival in Telluride, Colo. is founded by the Telluride Council for the Arts and Humanities. New York City-born Richard Grossinger (Towers) (1944-), father of filmmaker Miranda July founds the New Age publishing co. North Atlantic Books in Vt., which later moves to Berkeley, Calif. Kansas City, Mo.-born psychic Sylvia Celeste Browne (nee Shoemaker) (1936-2013) begins giving psychic readings, attracting a large following and also attracting Canadian-Am. magician and fraud buster James "The Amazing" Randi (Randall James Hamilton Zwinge) (1928-) (who since 1962 has been offering $1M for proof of psychic abilities), who exposes her as an expensive coin-toss. FBI agent Robert K. Ressler (1937-2013) coins the term "serial killer" after interviewing killers inflamed by soft-core porno. After his band breaks up and his 42-room Galeise Estate in Greenwich, Conn. (previously owned by Ann-Margret) burns down, rocker Alice Cooper (1948-) moves to Los Angeles and buys a home in Bel-Air owned by Watergate figure H.R. Haldeman; he moves to Chicago, Ill. in 1984. French composer Olivier Alain (1918-94) discovers J.S. Bach's Handexamplar of his Goldberg Variations, turning on Bach enthusiasts. Welsh actor Richard Burton is permanently banned from BBC productions for questioning the sanity of Winston Churchill in WWII, claiming he promised to wipe out all Japanese on Earth. Spanish Catalan tenor Josep "Jose" Maria Carreras (1946-) makes his debut on Nov. 18 with the Metropolitan Opera singing the role of Mario Cavaradossi Tosca's lover in Puccini's "Tosca", killing them with "E Lucevan le Stelle". Am. singer Mimi Baez Farina (Farińa) (1945-2001) (sister of Joan Baez) founds Bread and Roses to bring free live music to people in San Francisco area institutions. The Toronto Symphony Youth Orchestra is founded by conductor Victor Feldbrill (1924-). The Toven Specimen starts as two aluminum pennies issued by the U.S. Mint as prototypes to show Congress after the price of copper approaches a penny, after which one ends up in the Smithsonian Inst. and the other is obtained by the Toven family. Cadillac Ranch, consisting of 10 graffiti-covered Caddys (1949-63) half-buried nose-down facing W at the same angle as the pyramid of Cheops is built in Amarillo, Tex. along old Route 66 by Tex. helium millionaire Stanley Marsh III (1938-). The 4-wheel-drive Jeep Cherokee station wagon is introduced by Am. Motors Corp. (AMC) as a scaled-down version of its more expensive Jeep Wagoneer, causing families to just need 4-wheel-drive all of a sudden; it is radically downsized in 1984. The front-wheel-drive economy Volkswagen Golf automobile (Rabbit in the U.S.) is introduced in the U.S. and Canada in Jan. as the replacement for the Beetle, going on to sell 22M by 2008; on Apr. 10, 1978 VW opens a Rabbit plant in New Stanton, Penn. with a UAW workforce, becoming the 2nd foreign auto manufacturer to open a U.S. plant after Rolls-Royce. The Assoc. of Food Journalists is founded in the U.S. Stuttgart, Germany-born chef Friedman (Friedemann) Paul Erhardt (1943-2007) AKA Chef Tell (from playing William Tell in a school play), known for the soundbyte "Very simple, very easy" debuts on TV in Philly on the show "Dialing for Dollars", earning a regular 90-sec. spot on the nat. syndicated TV show "PM Magazine", becoming the first nat. known TV chef in the U.S.; his thick German accent inspires the Swedish Chef in "The Muppet Show"? Star mag. is founded by Ruport Murdoch to compete with supermarket celebrity mag. Nat. Inquirer. The Great Root Bear is debuted by A&W Root Beer (founded 1919). The Hello Kitty logo is marketed by Japanese co. Sanrio; it is imported to the U.S. in 1976, reaching $1B global annual sales by 2003. Worm rot in the NE U.S. creates an apple shortage causing Granny Smith apples to be imported to the U.S. The Pulitzer Prizes for lit. and drama are not awarded this year - where it began, I can't began to know it? M&M's-looking Skittles brand fruit-flavored sweets are introduced by a British co., and imported to the U.S. in 1979 by Mars Inc.; in 1982 U.S. production begins; the slogan is "Taste the rainbow" (1994). After opening similar restaurants in Oklahoma City, Okla. in 1968 and Tulsa, Okla. in 1971, the Casa Bonita theme restaurant is opened on W Colfax Ave. in Lakewood, Colo. by Bill Waugh, seating 1K in a simulated Mexican village complete with strolling mariachis, featuring a 30-ft. waterfall with cliff divers and all-you-can eat Mexican chow along with free sopapillas, becoming a tourist trap; in Mar. 2015 the city designates it a historic landmark. The Inst. of Culinary Education (originally Peter Kump's New York Cooking School) is founded in New York City by Peter Kump (1937-95), with teachers incl. James Beard and Julia Child. Sports: On Jan. 19 the UCLA Bruins men's basketball team's 88-game winning streak (begun Jan. 24, 1971) ends with a 71-70 loss to Notre Dame U. On Jan. 30 after signing for $40K a year in 1972 with the ABA Virginia Squares, who experience money problems, 6'7" Detroit, Mich.-born shooting guard George "the Iceman" Gervin (1952-) is sold for $228K to the ABA San Antonio Spurs (#44) (the last legitimate ABA star), coached (1974-6) by Robert Eugene "Bob" Bass (1929-) (Denver Rockets coach in 1967-8), transforming them into an exciting "schoolyard basketball" fast-breaking team that helps them survive the 1976 ABA-NBA merger; he goes on to average 14+ points per game in all of his playing seasons, finishing his NBA career with the Chicago Bulls in 1985-6 with an avg. of 26.2 points per game. On Feb. 17 the 1974 (16th) Daytona 500 is won by Richard Petty (5th time); due to the energy crisis, the lap officially starts on lap 21, causing it to be called the Daytona 450. On Mar. 7 the NBA expands to 18 teams; on June 7 the New Orleans Jazz is founded, trading with the Atlanta Hawks for 6'5" star point guard Peter Press "Pistol Pete" Maravich (1947-88) (#7) (from LSU) ("best ball-handler of all time" - John Havlicek) (whose portrait bears a striking resemblance to actor Tom Cruise?), taking 10 years to make the playoffs, with the best season being 1977-8 (39-43), after which they make them every year until 2004; in 1979 it moves to Salt Lake City, becoming the Utah Jazz. On Mar. 25 39-0 George Foreman KOs Ken Norton (1949-) of San Diego, Calif. in round 2 of a heavyweight title fight in Caracas, Venezuela; meanwhile "the Greatest" Muhammad Ali outpoints Joe Frazier in 12 rounds on Jan. 28 in Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier II in Madison Square Garden in New York City; they each earn $2.6M, the highest purses in boxing history until the Oct. 30 Rumble in the Jungle in Kinshasa, Zaire (later the DRC), which begins at 4 a.m. Zaire time (10 p.m. EST); 4-1 underdog Ali takes a pounding from the bigger-armed George Foreman, letting him punch himself out until the 8th round, when he suddenly changes his style and drops him like a bum with 2 sec. left, regaining the world heavyweight title; "Foreman was humiliated. I told you he was nothing, but did you listen? He punched like a sissy" (Ali); Ali calls Foreman "the Mummy"; "I think he should be respected" (Foreman); they each earn a record $5M; the money for the fight is put up by a Panamanian co. based in Switzerland that is 95% owned by Zaire, which ends up losing $5M after only 35 of 5K planned Americans buy the tour package. On Apr. 8 Atlanta Braves outfielder Henry "Hank" Aaron (1934-) breaks Babe Ruth's record with his 715th homer off Alphonso Erwin "Al" Downing (1941-) of the Los Angeles Dodgers in Atlanta; next year he is awarded the NAACP's Springarn Award; on July 20, 1976 he hits his 755th and final homer off Dick Drago of the Calif. Angels in Milwaukee County Stadium. On Apr. 14 Gary Player (1935-) of South Africa (who always plays in all-black outfits) wins his 2nd Masters golf tournament in Augusta, Ga.; he also wins his 3rd British Open; meanwhile this year Johnny Miller (1947-) wins eight golf tournaments, and his total earnings of $353,030 set a single-season record. On Apr. 17 Petersburg, Va.-born center-forward Moses Eugene Malone (1955-) goes straight from Petersburg H.S. in Richmond, Va. to pro basketball, ruling the paint; on Aug. 29 he joins the ABA Utah Stars (#22) (1974-5), going on to play for the ABA Spirits of St. Louis (#13) (1975-6), Buffalo Braves (#20) (1976), Houston Rockets (#24) (1976-82), Philadelphia 76ers (#2) (1982-6, 1993-4), Washington Bullets (#4) (1986-8), Atlanta Hawks (#2) (1988-91), Milwaukee Bucks (#8) (1991-3), Philadelphia 76ers (1993-4), and San Antonio Spurs (#2) (1994-5), retiring after 19 seasons as the last former active ABA player with a championship ring from 1983. On Apr. 28-May 12 the 1974 NBA Finals sees the Boston Celtics (coach Tom Heinsohn) defeat the Milwaukee Bucks (coach Larry Costello) by 4-3; MVP is John Havlicek of the Celtics; Hazleton, Penn.-born Milwaukee Bucks asst. coach (1972-4) Hubert Jude "Hubie" Brown (1933-) goes on to become head coach of the Kentucky Colonels (ABA) (1974-6), Atlanta Hawks (1976-81), New York Knicks (1982-7), and Memphis Grizzlies (2002-5). On May 7-19, 1974 the 1974 Stanley Cup Finals see the "Broad Street Bullies" Philadelphia Flyers (first NHL team to use intimidation as a tactic) defeat the Boston Bruins 4-2, becoming the first 1967 NHL expansion team to win; MVP is 5'11" Flyers center Richard George "Rick" MacLeish (1950-), who scores the one and only goal in the final game. On May 26 the 1974 Indianapolis 500 is won by John Sherman "Johnny" Rutherford III (1938-); during the race an infield of hippies storm the track. On May 28 the 1974 NBA Draft sees 18 teams select 178 players in 10 rounds; 6'11" center William Theodore "Bill" "Big Redhead" Walton (1952-) of UCLA (#32) (who led them to two championships and won three straight college player of the year awards) is selected #1 by the Portland Trail Blazers (#32), moving to the San Diego Clippers (#32) in 1979-85, and the Boston Celtics (#5) in 1985-7; after turning down a 1973 draft by the ABA Carolina Cougars to finish college, 6'9" forward (asthmatic) (epileptic) Robert Clyde "Bobby" Jones (1951-) of the U. of N.C. (known for outstanding clean defensive play and Dudley Dooright Christian lifestyle) ("He's a player who's totally selfless, who runs like a deer, jumps like a gazelle, plays with his head and heart each night, and then walks away from the court as if nothing happened" - Julius Erving) ("Watching Bobby Jones on the basketball court is like watching an honest man in a liars' poker game" - Larry Brown) is selected #5 by the Houston Rockets, who trade him to the Denver Nuggets (#24) (coach Larry Brown) for Marvin Barnes, causing the Nuggets to go 65-19 in 1974-5 (2nd best record in ABA history), and 60-24 in 1975-6, after which in 1978 he and Ralph Simpson are traded for George McGinnis to the Philadelphia 76ers (#24), changing from a starter to a sixth man backing up Julius Erving, Darryl Dawkins, and Caldwell Jones, playing eight seasons for them (until 1986), winning the first-ever NBA Sixth Man Award in 1983; 6'7" forward Scott Dean "the Incredible Hulk" Wedman (1952-) of the U. of Colo. is selected #6 by the Kansas City Kings (#15), scoring 45 points in an OT win over the Utah Jazz on Jan. 2, 1980, moving to the Cleveland Cavaliers (#8) in 1981-3, and the Boston Celtics (#20) in 1983-6, retiring after he is traded to the Seattle SuperSonics; 6'8" forward Michael Campanella "Campy" Russell (1952-) of the U. of Mich. (junior) (#20) is selected #8 by the Cleveland Cavaliers (#20), moving to the New York Knicks (#21) in 1980-2, and back to the Cavaliers (#21) in 1984; 6'6" forward Keith (Jamaal) "Smooth as Silk" Wilkes (Jamaal Abdul-Lateef) (1953-) of UCLA (#52) (teammate of Bill Walton) (known for his corner jump shot AKA "20-foot layup" by Chick Hearn) is selected #11 by the Golden State Warriors (#41), converting to Islam in 1975 and changing his name before moving to the Los Angeles Lakers (#52) in 1977-85, and the Los Angeles Clippers (#52) in 1985; 6'4" guard-forward Brian Joseph Winters (1952-) of the U. of S.C. is selected #12 by the Los Angeles Lakers (#20), moving to the Milwaukee Bucks (#32) in 1975-83, then working his way up from asst. coach at Princeton U. in 1984-6 to head coach of the Vancouver Grizzlies in 1995-7; 6'9" power forward Maurice "the Enforcer" Lucas (1952-2010) of Marquette U. (junior) is selected #14 by the Chicago Bulls, deciding to play for the ABA Spirits of St. Louis, moving to the ABA Kentucky Colonels in 1975-6 before returning to the NBA to join the Portland Trail Blazers (#20) in 1976-80, the New Jersey Nets (#?) in 1980-1, the New York Knicks (#23) in 1981-2, the Phoenix Suns (#20) in 1982-5, the Los Angeles Lakers (#20) in 1985-6, the Seattle SuperSonics (#20) in 1986-7, and back to the Trail Blazers in 1987-8; 6'6" guard-forward William R. "Billy" Knight (1952-) of the U. of Pittsburgh is selected #21 by the Los Angeles Lakers and the Indiana Pacers, choosing the latter (#25), going on to become their 3rd all-time leading scorer before moving to the Kansas City Kings (#24) in 1983-4, and the San Antonio Spurs (#24) in 1984-5; 6'7" power forward Leonard Eugene "Truck" Robinson (1951-) of Tenn. State U. (known for his solid body, speed, and rebounding) is selected #22 by the Washington Bullets (#33), moving to the New Orleans Jazz (#21) in 1977-79, leading the NBA in minutes played (3,638), defensive rebounds (990), total rebounds (1,288), and rebounds per game (15.7) in the 1977-78 season, then moving to the Phoenix Suns (#21) in 1979-8, and the New York Knicks (#21) in 1982-5; 6'6" guard-forward John Edward Drew (1954-) of Gardner-Webb U. (junior) is selected #25 by the Atlanta Hawks (#22), leading the NBA in offensive rebounding in his rookie season, and setting an NBA record for most turnovers in a regular season game on Mar. 1, 1978 against the New Jersey Nets, after which he is traded for Dominique Wilkins to the Utah Jazz (#20) in 1982, missing 38 games in 1983 while attending drug rehab, winning the NBA comeback player of the year award in 1984, then relapsing, getting fired from the Jazz and banned for life from the NBA for substance abuse in 1986, ending up as a taxi driver in Houston, Tex.; 6'4" guard Philip Arnold "Phil" Smith (1952-2002) of the U. of San Francisco is selected #29 by the Golden State Warriors (#20), playing as a rookie on their 1974-5 championship team. On June 4 after staging a 10-cent beer night for a game against the Texas Rangers at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, the Cleveland Indians forfeit after the drunken fans take to the field. On June 13-July 7 West Germany defeats the Netherlands 2-1 to win the 10th FIFA World Cup of Soccer. Little Current (1971-2003) wins the Preakness and Belmont Stakes. On July 11 the World Football League (WFL) plays its first games. On Sept. 10 El Dorado, Ark.-born outfielder (1964-79) Lou Clark Brock (1939-2020) of the St. Louis Cardinals (#20) breaks Maury Wills' single season stolen base record with 105, going on to end the season with a record 118; too bad, he only comes in 2nd to Steve Garvey for 1974 NL MVP; he goes on to break Ty Cobb's career ML steals record with 938. On Sept. 10-17 the 12m all-aluminum (first-ever, launched in June) U.S. sloop Courageous defeats the Australian sloop Southern Cross 4-0 in Newport, R.I. to win the America's Cup; skipper-builder Frederick E. "Ted" Hood (1927-) sells it to Ted Turner, who uses it to win the 1977 America's Cup, beating Hood's newer supposedly faster boat. On Oct. 3 Beaumont, Tex.-born Frank Robinson Jr. (19352019-), 5-season mgr. in the Puerto Rican Winter League is named ML baseball's first black mgr. (Cleveland Indians), drawing a congratulatory telegram from Pres. Ford; on opening day 1975 his wife Rachel utters the soundbyte: "I hope this is the beginning of a lot more black players being moved into front office and managerial positions and not just having their talents exploited on the field"; in Apr. 1975 his team scores its first V against the New York Yankees in the season opener, in which he hits a 1st-inning homer in his first at-bat, after which his team finishes the year 79-80, followed by 81-78 next year (first winning season for the Indians since 1968); too bad, after a bad season in 1977, he becomes the first African-Am. mgr. to be fired; his 1988 season as mgr. of the Baltimore Orioles opens with 21 straight and 107 total losses; he retires in Oct. 2006 with 2,943 hits, .294 batting avg., 586 homers (#4) and 1,829 RBIs (#10) as a player, and after becoming the first African-Am. player to manage a team in each major league, and to be named mgr. of the year in each league; too bad, color-line-breaking player Jackie Robinson dies in 1972 before he can see any of it. On Dec. 16 Oakland pitcher (since 1965) James Augustus "Jim" "Catfish" Hunter (1946-99) (#27) becomes a free agent after a 3-man arbitration panel rules that the Oakland Athletics didn't pay him $100K via their contract; he moves to the New York Yankees next year as the highest paid pitcher in baseball (until 1979) with a 5-year contract at $200K per year plus $2.5M in bonuses etc., winning three straight pennants in 1976-8 and becoming the 4th AL pitcher to win 20 games in a season for five consecutive seasons (1971-5); his example causes Montreal Expos pitcher Dave McNally and Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Andy Messersmith to get the panel to free them next year; too bad, diabetes and wear and tear end Hunter's career at age 33; on his 1987 induction to the Nat. Baseball Hall of Fame he graciously doesn't designate a cap to put on his insignia. On Dec. 21 the Sea of Hands Game between the 11-3 Miami Dolphins and 12-2 Oakland Raiders at the Oakland Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, Calif. sees a final-seconds throw by Oakland QB Ken Stabler to RB Clarence Davis, who wrestles the ball from multiple Miami defenders to secure a 28-26 victory, ending Miami's historic run of Super Bowl appearances. Big year for the U.S. in tennis? James Scott "Jimmy" Connors (1952-) of the U.S. (who was raised by women to conquer men?) wins the U.S. Open, Wimbledon, and Australian Open, becoming the #1 ranked male player for 160 weeks from July 29 of this year through Aug. 29, 1977, followed by 8x more during his career, for a total of 268 weeks; Christine Marie "Chris" Evert (1954-) of the U.S. wins the Wimbledon, Canadian Open, French Open, and Italian Open, going on to be ranked #1 through 1977, then again in 1980-1; Connors and Evert come in #2 at the mixed doubles in the U.S. Open; Billie Jean King of the U.S. wins her 4th straight U.S. Open; South Africa defeats India by default to win the Davis Cup of tennis. The San Diego Mariners World Hockey Assoc. (WHA) team is founded from the Jersey Knights (New York Golden Blades) (New York Raiders), playing their home games at the San Diego Sports Arena; too bad, with only 5K fans per game, owner Ray Kroc sells them in 1977, after which they fold in the fall before the start of the 1977-8 season. 5'10" Nicaraguan boxer Alexis Arguello (1952-2009) ("The Ecplosive Thin Man") ("The Gentleman of the Ring") wins the WBA featherweight title (until 1976), followed by the WBC superweight title in 1978-80, the WBC lightweight title in 1981-2, and the lineal lightweight title in 1982, becoming famous for light welterweight bouts with Aaron Pryor, retiring after never losing a world title but relinquishing them to pursuit higher weight class titles; in Nov. 2008 he is elected mayor of his hometown of Managua. Romanian-born English player Rixi Markus (1910-92) becomes the first woman contract bridge grandmaster. Wellsville, N.Y.-born Anthony William "Billy" Packer (Paczkowski) (1940-) begins announcing college basketball games for NBC-TV, switching to CBS-TV in 1981 (until 2008), covering every NCAA Men's Div. 1 Basketball Championship incl. the Final Four from 1975-2008, becoming known for his arguments with Al McGuire et al. which make the sport more popular; on Apr. 4 after Lorenzo Charles of the U. of N.C. makes a game-winning slam dunk to defeat Houston U. to win the title, he utters the soundbyte: "They won it... on the dunk!"; after the U. of Ariz. wins the 1997 title, and Arizona U. star player Miles Simon celebrates on the court, he utters the soundbyte: "Simon says... championship." U.S. college baseball teams switch to aluminum bats after wood (ash) bats become too costly, causing batting avgs. to rise from .266 to more than .300; meanwhile on June 12 Little League Baseball announces that girls can play. USA Basketball is founded in Tempe, Ariz. to represent FIBA in the U.S., originally named Amateur Basketball Assoc. of the United States of America (ABAUSA), then renamed on Oct. 12, 1989 after prof. basketball players are allowed to compete in internat. competitions; chmn. is Phoenix Suns owner Jerry Colangelo (1939-). The NHL Kansas City Scouts are founded in Kansas City, Mo., moving to Denver Colo. in 1976 and becoming the Colorado Rockies; in 1982 they relocate to East Rutherford, N.J. as the New Jersey Devils; after only making the playoffs once in 13 seasons, they hire gen. mgr. Louis A. "Lou" Lamoriello (1942-), after which they go on to do it in 20 of the next 22 seasons incl. 13 in a row in 1997-2010, achieving a winning record every season from 1992-3 to 2009-10, winning the Stanley Cup in 1995, 2000, and 2003; in 2007 they relocate to the Prudential Center in Newark, N.J. The Washington Capitals NHL team is founded, playing their home games at the new $18M Capital Centre (USAir Arena in 1993) in Landover, Md. (opened Dec. 2, 1973) until 1997. Architecture: On Mar. 8 Charles de Gaulle Internat. Airport in Roissy (12 mi. N of Paris) opens, taking the load off Orly and Le Bourget airports. On May 9 the Prague Metro (Subway) in Czech. opens with 9 stations, growing to 57 stations on three lines by 2009. On May 18 the 2,063-ft. (628.8m) Warsaw Radio Mast is completed, becoming the world's tallest structure until it collapses on Aug. 8, 1991; it takes until Jan. 17, 2009 for the Burj Dubai skyscraper in Dubai to top it. On Aug. 15 the Seoul Metropolitan Subway in South Korea opens, growing to 291 stations and 5.6M daily riders on 9 lines by 2009; signs are written in both Korean and English, incl. some in Chinese and Japanese. On Nov. 10 the $17M Northlands Coliseum in Edmonton, Alberta, Cana opens as the home of the NHL Edmonton Oilers; it becomes the Edmonton Coliseum in 1994, Skyreach Centre in 1998, and Rexall Place in 2003. The double curvature concrete arch Gordon River Dam in West Tasmania is built to supply power to the Gordon Power Station at the base, becoming known for scenic views. The cantilever Minato Ohashi Bridge in Kyoto, Japan is finished. The Kuronoseto Bridge (continuous truss) in Nagashima, Japan is finished. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Eisaku Sato (1901-75) (Japan) [Japan's entry into the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty] and Sean MacBride (1904-88) (Ireland) [for "mobilising the conscience of the world in the fight against injustice"]; Lit.: Eyvind Johnson (Olof Edvin Verner Jonsson) (1900-76) and Harry Edmund Martinson (1904-78) (Sweden) [controversial because both are on the Nobel panel]; Physics: Anthony Hewish (1924-) and Sir Martin Ryle (1918-84) (U.K.) [radioastronomy]; Northern Irish pulsar discoverer (1967) Jocelyn Bell Burnell (1943-) is passed over, causing a public outcry; in Sept. 2018 she is awarded the $3M Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, which she plans to use to found a scholarship fund for women, ethnic minorities, and refugees; Chem.: Paul John Flory (1910-85) (U.S.) [polymers]; Med.: George Emil Palade (1912-2008) (Romania), Albert Claude (1899-1983) (Belgium), and Christian Rene de Duve (1917-2013) (Belgium) [structure and function of organelles]; Econ.: Karl Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987) (Sweden) and Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1922) (U.K.) [theory of money]. Inventions: On Jan. 20 the single-engine $14.6M General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon multirole fighter makes its first flight, evolting into an all-weather aircraft, with 4.5K manufactured by 2015. In Apr. Intel Corp. introduces the 2MHz (500K instructions per sec.) 8-bit Intel 8080 microprocessor, designed by Federico Faggin and Masatoshi Shima, which is 10x faster than the 8080 and is upward software compatible, featuring a 16-bit address bus and 8-bit data bus; it is based on enhancement-mode NMOS - makes them and Microsoft rich 10x richer than IBM? On May 30 NASA launches the Fairchild ATS-6 (Applications Technology Satellite 6), becoming the world's first educational and experimental direct broadcast satellite, the first 3-axis stabilized spacecraft in geostationary orbit, and the first to use electric propulsion in orbit; it also carries the first heavy ion detector in geostationary orbit; it is decommissioned on July 30, 1979. 6267408011067 hike? On June 26 (8:01 a.m.) the first retail item scanned with the new UPC Barcode is a 10-pack of Wrigley's Juicy Fruit chewing gum (67 cents) at Marsh's Supermarket in Troy, Ohio using a laser scanner from nearby NCR Corp; the lucky shopper is Clyde Dawson, and the lucky supermarket clerk is Sharon Buchanan; the pack of gum and receipt end up in the Smithsonian Inst.; shoppers and retailers resist the system at first, but by the end of the cent. 5B items a day are rung up using it. On Oct. 17 the $21M 4-blade twin-engine U.S. Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk medium-lift utility heli makes its first flight, entering service in 1979, replacing the Bell UH-1 Iroquois, later adopted by the U.S. Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard, seeing combat in Grenada, Panama, Iraq, the Balkans, Somalia, Afghanistan et al.; 4K are built by 2015. On Dec. 23 the $283M 4-engine supersonic Mach. 1.25 variable-sweep wing Rockwell B-1 Lancer (AKA Bone) heavy strategic nuclear bomber makes its first successful test flight; it enters service on Oct. 1, 1986 as the B-1A (4 produced) and B-1B (100 produced). The U.N. sets the first internat. facisimile (fax) standard, at about 1 page in 6 min. Motorola begins marketing the Pageboy consumer pager-beeper. Jonathan Titus pub. an article in the July issue of Radio Electronics describing how to build the MARK-8 Personal Minicomputer using an Intel 8008, which is turned into the Altair 8800 next year; meanwhile David H. Ahl (1939-) of DEC puts together a similar microcomputer, but the co. shows no interest, so he founds Creative Computing mag. (until Dec. 1985) for home computing hobbyists. Vinton Gray Cerf (1943-) and Robert Elliot "Bob" Kahn (1938-) pub. a key paper on the Internetwork, and devise the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which becomes the basis of Internet file and email byte transfer. French journalist Roland Moreno (1945-) invents the Smart Card, a credit card that stores info. on an IC instead of a magnetic track. Am. chemical engineer Arthur "Art" Fry (1941-) of 3M invents canary yellow Post-it Notes, using reusable pressure-sensitive adhesive as a way to anchor his bookmark in his hymnbook; a marketing attempt under the name Press 'N Peel in 1977 flops, but on Apr. 6, 1980 after free samples are given to residents of Boise, Idaho, they are reintroduced and become a hit, sold in 27 sizes, 18 colors, and 56 shapes. Low acid Canola Oil (Canadian oil) is developed by Richard Keith Downey (1927-) and Baldur Rosmund Stefansson (1917-2002) from modified rapeseed with low erucic acid; it has the lowest saturated fat content of any major vegetable oil (6%, vs. 13% for corn oil and 15% for soybean oil); Downey and Stefansson become known as "the Fathers of Canola". Hungarian interior designer Erno Rubik (1944-) designs the Rubik's Cube; it takes six years to become an "instant hit", going on sale in Budapest in 1979, followed by the U.S. in 1980 with distributor Ideal Toys and spokesperson Zsa Zsa Gabor, selling 100M units by 1982, after which enthusiasm drops sharply when few care about Group Theory and get tired of the 43 quintillion possible moves, plus easy solution methods that do it in so-many rote moves are pub., starting with Morwen B. Thistlewaite in 1981, who could do it in 52 moves; in 2010 mathematicians derive God's Solution, which takes 20 moves or less. Honeywell Corp. patents a 2-Sided Non-Impact Page Printing System. Science: On June 24 Time mag. pub. the article Another Ice Age?, containing the soundbyte: "As they review the bizarre and unpredictable weather pattern of the past several years, a growing number of scientists are beginning to suspect that many seemingly contradictory meteorological fluctuations are actually part of a global climatic uphead. However widely the weather varies from place to place and time to time, when meteorologists take an average of temperatures around the globd they find that the atmosphere has been growing gradually cooler for the past three decades. The trend shows no indication of reversing. Climatological Cassandras are becoming increasingly apprehensive, for the weather aberrations they are studying may be the harbinger of another ice age." On June 28 Mexican-born Am. chemist Mario J. Molina (Jose Mario Molina-Pasquel Henriquez) (1943-2020) and Delaware, Ohio-born chemist Frank Sherwood "Sherry" Rowland (1927-2012) pub. a paper in Nature claiming that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants are accelerating the depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere, with one chlorine molecule able to destroy up to 100K ozone molecules, winning them the 1995 Nobel Chem. Prize; meanwhile high acidity in lakes in NE U.S. and E Canada are traced to coal-burning plants in the U.S. Midwest; in 1978 the U.S. bans CFC-based aerosols in spray cans. Italian father-son gynecologists Arpad Fischer and Giorgio Fischer invent the cannula blunt tunneling method for Liposuction; in 1982 French surgeon Yves-Gerard Illouz (1929-2015) develops the Illouz Method using high-vacuum suction; in 1985 Tumescent Liposuction is developed by Drs. Klein and Lillis, using local anesthesia in an office setting, followed in 1986 by Super Wet Liposuction; in 1999 Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction (UAL) is invented. The antidepressant drug (selective serotonin reputake inhibitor) Fluoxetine is discovered by Eli Lilly & Co.; the FDA approves it on Dec. 29, 1987, and it is marketed under the names Prozac, Sarafem, Fontex et al.; the patent expires in Aug. 2001. The Arecibo Radio Telescope sends an interstellar radio message aimed at the M13 Great Globular Cluster in Hercules on Nov. 16, which is expected to arrive around the year 27,000 C.E. English psychologist Alan David Baddeley (1934-) and Graham Hitch of the U. of York develop Baddeley's Model of Working Memory, which postulates multiple short-term memory stores, and a separate system for manipulating their content; in 2000 he updates the model to include the Episodic Buffer to go with the Phonological Loop and the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad. Am. mathematicians Theodore P. Baker, John T. Gill III, and Robert Martin Solovay (1938-) demonstrate two classes of propositions which are equivalent based on one set of postulates but not equivalent based on another set, even though each postulate set is internally consistent - no way to solvy? Am. psychobiologist Gary K. Beauchamp (1943-), Canadian biologist Kunio Yamazaki (-2013), and British-born Am. physician-biologist Edward A. Boyse (1923-2007) discover that mice can distinguish other mice that have the same genes for the Major Histocompatibility Complex, the part of the immune system that distinguishes between self and nonself; later it is traced to the sense of smell; Beauchamp determines that cats (order Panthera) have no preference for sugars because their sweet taste receptors are non-functional. H. Joachim Burhenne (1926-96) develops the Burhenne Technique for removing retained binary calculi (gallstones) through bile ducts; he performs the procedure on the Shah of Iran in 1979. Belgian mathematician Pierre Rene (René) Deligne (1944-) resolves three of Andre Weil's 1949 conjectures about using algebraic geometry, becoming the first mathematician in history to be commemorated on a postage stamp during his lifetime (until ?). Russian opthalmologist Svyatoslav Nikolayevich Fyodorov (1927-2000) of Russia perfects Radial Keratotomy for vision correction; it is introduced to the U.S. in 1978. Am. astronomers William Kenneth "Bill" Hartmann (1939-) and Donald R. Davis of the Planetary Science Inst., and Alfred G.W. Cameron and William Roger Ward (1944-2018) of Harvard U. pub. the theory that the Moon split off from the Earth after a huge impact with some planet sized body (Thea), giving the Earth its lucky 23 deg. tilt. English physicist Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) proposes that black holes are not completely black, but are radiating black bodies that slowly evaporate away by emitting Hawking (Hawking-Bekenstein) Thermal Radiation, then explode. Am. thoracic surgeon Henry Judah Heimlich (1920-2016), 2nd cousin of "Potsie in Happy Days" actor Anson Williams (1949-) invents the Heimlich Maneuver (under-the-diaphragm abdominal thrusts) for choking victims. British astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle (1915-2001), and Am. astronomers William Alfred "Willie" Fowler (1911-95) and Robert W. Wagoner calculate that the Big Bang Theory correctly predicts the amounts of deuterium and lithium in the observed Universe. Am. astronomers Russell Alan Hulse (1950-) and his thesis advisor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (1941-) of the U. of Mass. Amherst discover the first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16 using the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, becoming known as the Hulse-Taylor Binary, winning them the 1993 Nobel Physics Prize. The Joint Inst. for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia and Lawrence Livermore Lab in Calif. co-discover chemical element #106, a homologue to tungsten, which is named Seaborgium (#106) (Sg) in honor of UCB scientist Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912-99) Am. Los Angeles Dodgers team surgeon Frank Jobe (1926-2014) performs the first Tommy John Surgery (ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction) (UCL) on ML pitcher Thomas Edward "Tommy" John Jr. (1943-), replacing the ligament in his left (pitching) arm with a tendon from his right forearm, after which John goes on to win 164 more games, becoming the oldest player in the ML in 1989-9, retiring in 1989 when Mark McGwire, a patient of his dentist father gets two hits from him, with the soundbyte "When your dentist's kid starts hitting you, it's time to retire." Am. anthropologist Donald Carl Johanson (1943-) et al. discover a 3.5-ft.-tall female vegetarian tree-dwelling bipedal skeleton (AL 288-1) in 3M-y.-o. strata near the village Hadar, Ethiopia in the Awash Valley of the Afar Triangle, and name it Lucy (after the Beatles' song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"), leading to the naming of a new race, er, genus, er, species, Australopithecus afarensis, dated to -3.2M - maybe it's one of the recent 100K+ famine victims? In 1974 Lithuanian-born British chemist-biophysicist Sir Aaron Klug (1926-) et al. determine the crystal structure of Transfer RNA (tRNA); Klug wins the 1982 Nobel Chem. Prize, and is knighted in 1988. Am. astronomer Charles Thomas Kowal (1940-2011) of Mount Palomar Observatory discovers Jupiter's moon Leda, followed next year by Themisto, followed on Nov. 1, 1977 by the tailless asteroid-comet 2060 Chiron (95P/Chiron), becoming the first recognized Centaur (minor planet). French astronomer Antoine Emile Henry Labeyrie (1943-) builds the first Dual-Telescope Optical Interferometer, going on to invent Speckle Interferometry. The Laffer Curve, by Am. economist Arthur Betz Laffer (1940-), that shows how tax revenues are zero for tax rates of 0%, 100%, plus somewhere in between is explained to Nixon-Ford admin. officials Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld by Laffer, who draws it for them on a napkin; the name is coined by Wall Street Journal writer Jude Thaddeus Wanniski (1936-2005), becoming a pillar of Pres. Reagan's Supply-Side Economics; vice-pres. George W. Bush calls it "voodoo economics". Los Angeles, Calif.-born psychologist Elizabeth L. Loftus (nee Fishman) (1944-) pub. the paper "Reconstructing Memory: The Incredible Eyewitness" on the malleability of human memory, going on to pub. papers on the Misinformation Effect and False Memory Syndrome and its relation to Recovered Memories. After McClintock's 1948 female-only discovery in maize is ignored until some men can take the credit, Am. scientists Barbara McClintock (1902-92), Alan E. Jacob, and Robert W. Hedges officially discover Transposons, genetic elements that can move from one plasmid or its chromosome to another; McClintock wins the 1983 Nobel Med. Prize. English mathematician Sir Roger Penrose (1931-) discovers Penrose Tiling of a plane using fat and thin rhombuses such that their ratio is an irrational number, the Golden Mean. German historian Arno Peters (1916-2002) discovers the Arno (Gall-Peters) Projection, which turns out to have been devised in 1855 by Scottish clergyman James Gall (1808-95), which retains the proportions of countries better than the Mercator and Van der Grinten map projections, and has the political effect of giving Third World countries esp. Africa a bigger presence. Am. biophysicist Michael E. Phelps (1939-) et al. invent an early version of the PET (Positron-Emitting Tomographic) Scanner, which images positrons emitted by radionuclides. Am. astronomers Vera Cooper Rubin (1928-) and W. Kent Ford Jr. (1931-) discover that the Milky Way Galaxy has a proper motion of about 300 mi./sec (500 km/s) with respect to distant galaxies; meanwhile U.S. radioastronomers discover that the microwave sky appears hotter in the direction of motion of the galaxy by 1 part per thousand, becoming known as "dipole anisotropy". French physicist Joel (Joël) Scherk (1946-79) and Am. physicist John Henry Schwarz (1941-) pub. a paper in which they show that string theory is a theory of quantum gravity, and that it could describe the gravitational force if the tension in the string were very high, the string size is on the order of the Planck length (10^-33 cm), and the Universe has 10 dimensions; gravitational force is carried by gravitons; Japanese physicist Tamiaki Yoneya discovers the link independently; in 1978 Scherk, French physicist Eugene (Eugčne) Cremmer (1942-), and French physicist Bernard Julia (1952-) construct the Lagrangian and supersymmetry transformations for supergravity in 11 dims, helping found M-theory; too bad, Scherk dies of a diabetic coma after attending a supergravity workshop at SUNY on Sept. 29, 1979 - you're my 11-dimensional mail order bride? Am. nuclear chemist Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912-99) co-discovers chemical element #106, which is named Seaborgium (Sg), a homologue to tungsten. Swedish scientists Lars Terenius (1940-) and Agneta Wahlstrom discover that certain small peptides naturally produced by the body act upon opiate receptors in the brain. Harvard U. physicists Steven Weinberg (1933-), Mohammad Abdus Salam (1926-96) Howard Mason Georgi III (1947-), Sheldon Lee Glashow (1932-), and Australian-born Helen Rhoda Arnold Quinn (1943-) combine gauge theories and unification of forces, and propose the Grand Unified Theory (GUT), claiming that the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces are really the same, but broke apart after the Big Bang, and make the first prediction for the lifetime of the proton, i.e., that it is not absolutely stable, winning them 1979 Nobel Physics Prize, all except Georgi and the woman that is - are you a hot lady and all you want to do is dance? Austrian physicist Julius Erich Wess (1934-2007) and and Italian physicist Bruno Zumino (1923-2014) pub. the Wess-Zumino Model of 4-Dim. Space-Time Supersymmetry (named by Abdus Salam and John Strathdee in 1974), which postulates that every fermion has a massive bosonic partner and vice-versa; the partners are first observed in 2003. Monoclonal antibodies are studied in fluorescent light to reveal that the cytoplasm inside the cytoskeleton of a cell is filled with microtubules, giving it its structure. Bell Labs produce optical laser pulses in the picosecond range. Two Chinese peasants, Yang Quanyi (b. 1928) and Yang Zhifa (b. 1938) digging for water during a drought near the city of Xi'an in W China find the 2K-y.-o. 6K-figure Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shi Huang Ti [-259 to -210], who presided over the unification of China in -221; it really belonged to his ancestor Empress Xuan, who died in -314? Nonfiction: Jane Alpert (1947-), Mother Right: A New Feminist Theory; written while on the lam. Maya Angelou (1928-), Gather Together in My Name (autobio.); from age 16. Bill Ayers (1944-), Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism; dedicated to 200+ rev. figures incl. Sirhan Sirhan, assassin of RFK, whose son Christopher George Kennedy (1963-) kept him from getting emeritus status in Sept. 2010 over it. Bernard Bailyn (1922-), The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson [1711-80]; last civilian royal gov. of Mass. Donald Bain (1935-), The Coffee Tea or Me Girls Get Away from It All. Ian Graeme Barbour (1923-), Myths, Models and Paradigms. Richard Barnet (1929-2004), Global Reach: The Power of the Multinational Corporations. Robert Joseph Barro (1944-), Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?; argues that govt. bonds saddle future generations with debt, proposing the Barro-Ricardo Equivalence Theorem (Ricardian Equivalence), that the timing of a tax change doesn't affect consumer spending. Jacques Barzun (1907-), Clio and the Doctors: Psycho-History, Quanto-History, and History. John Peter Berger (1926-), The Look of Things. Peter Ludwig Berger (1929-), The Homeless Mind: Modernization and Consciousness; Pyramids of Sacrifice: Political Ethics and Social Change. Peter Ludwig Berger (1929-) and Samuel P. Huntington, Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World. Ira Berlin (1941-), Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South (first book); the 250K free blacks who lived in the South before the U.S. Civil War. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), The Bermuda Triangle; "The bestselling saga of unexplained disappearances" by the grandson of Berlitz Language Schools (1878) founder Maximilian Berlitz, who takes after him and speaks 32 languages; sells 20M copies. Carl Bernstein (1944-) and Bob Woodward (1943-), All the President's Men (June 15); the book that gives the term Deep Throat a double-meaning?; "June 17, 1972. Nine o'clock Saturday morning. Early for the telephone. Woodward fumbled for the receiver and snapped awake. The city editor of the Washington Post was on the line. Five men had been arrested earlier that morning in a burglary at Democratic headquarters, carrying photographic equipment and electronic gear. Could he come in?" (opening). Paul Blanshard (1892-1980), Some of My Best Friends Are Christian. Wayne Clayson Booth (1921-2005), A Rhetoric of Irony; how do we know when something is meant to be ironic?; "A grammar of communcation" (Denis Donoghue). Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding">Toward a General Social Science. Fawn McKay Brodie (1915-81), Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History (Feb.); creates a firestorm of controversy with its assertion that TJ liked black sugar and fathered black slave Sally Hemmings' chillin', becoming a bestseller - the Prime of Miss Fawn Brodie? William Bronk (1918-99), A Partial Glossary: Two Essays; The New World. Harry Browne (1933-2006), You Can Profit from a Monetary Crisis; NYT bestseller. Robert Vance Bruce (1923-2008), Alexander Graham Bell: Teacher of the Deaf. Vincent Bugliosi (1934-2015) and Curt Gentry (1931-2014), Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders; Charles Manson's prosecutor blows his bugle. Joseph Campbell (1904-87), The Mythic Image. Robert A. Caro (1935-), The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (Pulitzer Prize); how the head of Parks and Planning Robert Moses (1888-1981) became the Il Duce of New York City in the 1930s through 1950s, preferring highways to subways, trashing entire neighborhoods, and forcing the Dodgers to move to Los Angeles, even though he did attract the U.N. to Manhattan instead of Philly; trashes his rep permanently? David Caute (1936-), Collisions: Essays and Reviews; Cuba, Yes?. Sir Kenneth Clark (1903-83), Another Part of the Wood: A Self-Portrait (autobio.). Oliver Edmund Clubb (1901-89), The Witness and I. Robert Coles (1929-), The Buses Roll. Henry Steele Commager (1902-98), The Defeat of America: War, Presidential Power, and the National Character. Jerome Robert Corsi (1946-) and Ralph G. Lewis, To Make the World Safe for Picnics: The 1972 Political Conventions in Miami Beach. Adi Da (1939-2008), Garbage and the Goddess: The Last Miracles and Final Spiritual Instructions of Bubba Free John; brags about his "crazy wisdom" of breaking his own rules incl. staging filmed orgies, drug and alcohol use, and polygamy. Ali Dashti, Twenty-Three Years: A Study of the Prophetic Career of Mohammad (Bist o Seh Sal); pub. in Beirut, it becomes a bestseller although it disses Prophet Muhammad as a fraud. Angela Davis (1944-), Autobiography. Gerard Debreu (1921-2004), Excess Demand Functions. Annie Dillard (1945-), Tickets for a Prayer Wheel; Pilgrim at Tinker Creek (Pulitzer Prize); her 1971 bout with pneumonia at guess where; "A poet and a walker with a background in theology and a penchant for quirky facts." Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Le Parole et le Pouvoir. Stanley Engerman (1936-) and Robert William Fogel (1926-2013), Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery (2 vols.); rehabilitates South plantation slavery as more productive per unit of labor than Northern farms, and beneficial for blacks, and argues that it would have continued long after the 1860s if not for t he U.S. Civil War, causing a firestorm of controversy; "Slave owners expropriated far less than generally presumed, and over the course of a lifetime a slave field hand received approximately ninety percent of the income produced"; "The cliometricians announced the scientific discovery of a vastly different South led by confident and effective slaveowning entrepreneurs firmly wedded to handsome profits from a booming economy with high per capita incomes and an efficiency ratio 35 percent - greater than that of free Northern agriculture. In the new dispensation the efficient, often highly skilled, and very productive slaves embraced the Protestant work ethic and prudish Victorian morals, avoided both promiscuity and substantial sexual exploitation by planters, lived in father-headed and stable nuclear families, kept 90 percent of the fruits of their labor, and enjoyed one of the best sets of material conditions in the world for working class people." (Charles Crowe) William Everson (1912-94), Archetype West: The Pacific Coast as a Literary Region. Marc Feigen Fasteau (b. 1942), The Male Machine. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), The Messengers Will Come No More. Jack Donald Foner (1910-99), Blacks in the Military in American History. Shelby Foote (1916-2005), The Civil War, A Narrative, Vol. 3: Red River to Appomattox. Gisele Freund (1908-2000), Photography and Society. Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973), Meditazione Milanese (posth.). Peter Gay (1923-2015), Style in History; argues that a historian's style is an integral element to making facts come alive. Eugene Dominick Genovese (1930-), Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made; a Marxist claims that Southern slavemasters were restrained and recognized slaves' humanity. William Gibson (1914-2008), A Season in Heaven: Being the Log of an Expedition after That Legendary Beast. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), The Arab-Israeli Conflict: Its History in Maps. Albert Goldman (1927-94), Ladies and Gentlemen - Lenny Bruce; praises him for his talent, becoming a hit with Norman Mailer and Pauline Kael. John R. Gribbin (1946-) and Stephen H. Plagemann, The Jupiter Effect: The Planets as Triggers of Devastating Earthquakes; does the alignment of Solar System planets cause a 0.04mm rise in the high tide and trigger earthquakes in 179-year cycles?; British astrophysicist Gribbin predicts an earthquake along the San Andreas Fault between 1979 and 1982 that will wipe out Los Angeles, later claiming it to be the 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption, then fastening on Mar. 1982; Gribbin backs down in July 1980, calling it "too clever by half", but in Feb. 1982 they pub. "The Jupiter Effect Reconsidered", claiming it had happened despite a lack of alignment; in 1999 Gribbin repudiates it once for all, with the soundbyte "I don't like it, and I'm sorry I ever had anything to do with it." G. Edward Griffin (1931-), World Without Cancer: The Story of Vitamin B17; pro-Laetrile, which he calls you know what. Richard Grossinger (1944-), The Book of Being Born Again into the World; The Windy Passage from Nostalgia; The Long Body of the Dream; Martian Homecoming at the All-American Revival Church; Book of the Cranberry Islands. George Gurdjieff (1866-1949), Life is Real Only Them, When 'I Am' (autobio.) (posth.); #3 in the All and Everything Trilogy. Susan Haack (1945-), Deviant Logic (first book); launches her career in philosophical logic, starting out with deviant logics incl. trivalent. Elizabeth Hardwick (1916-2007), Seduction and Betrayal. Robert Aubrey Hinde (1923-), Biological Bases of Human Social Behaviour - that's right, we're all really monkeys? Shere Hite (1942-), Sexual Honesty, By Women, For Women; claims that 70% of women don't have orgasms through in-out intercourse with di, er, men, but do have them through clitoral masturbation. Edward Hoagland (1932-), The Moose on the Wall: Field Notes from the Vermont Wilderness. Emory Holloway (1885-1977), Whitman as a Subject for Biography. Michael Holroyd (1935-), Augustus John: A Biography (2 vols.) (1974-5); followed by "Augustus John: The New Biography" (1996). Michael Holroyd (1935-) and Malcom Easton, The Art of Augustus John. Sidney Hook (1902-89), Pragmatism and the Tragic Sense of Life. Merrill Jensen (1905-80), The American Revolution Within America. Haynes Johnson (1931-) (ed.), The Fall of a President. Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), Important to Me (autobio.). Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980), Revolution and Romanticism. Herman Kahn (1922-83), The Future of the Corporation. Justin Kaplan (1924-2014), Mark Twain and His World; Lincoln Steffens: A Biography. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (1890-1995), Times to Remember (autobio.). Tracy Kidder (1945-), The Road to Yuba City: A Journey Into the Juan Corona Murders (first book). Russell Amos Kirk (1918-94), The Roots of American Order; the "unwritten constitution" of moral habits supporting the U.S. political structure. Ruth Kligman (1930-2010), Love Affair: A Memoir of Jackson Pollock; the fatal car crash on Aug. 11, 1956, in which Pollock and Edith Metzger died but she survived. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), The Heel of Achilles: Essays 1968-1973. Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980), My Life (autobio.). Richard Kostelanetz (1940-), The End of Intelligent Writing: Literary Politics in America; claims that there is a conspiracy among New York City publishers and intelligentsia to shut out younger innovative writers. Joseph Morgan Kousser (1943-), The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910 (first book). Anne Osborn Krueger (1934-), The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society; coins the term rent-seeking for those who go to the govt. to get monopoly privileges, incl. state licenses and certifications, the opposite of profit-seeking. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (1926-2004), Death: The Final Stage. Frederick Leboyer (1918-), Born Without Violence; advocates the Leboyer Bath, a small tub of warm water for immersing newborns to ease the transition from womb to cold cruel world - I don't know nuthin' about birthin' no babies? Bernard Lewis (1916-2018) (ed.), Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople (2 vols.). Peter Maas (1929-2001), King of the Gypsies; filmed in 1978; Steve Tene and his Romani family in New York City. Eleanor Emmens Maccoby (1916-) and Carol Nagy Jacklin (1939-2011), The Psychology of Sex Differences; becomes a big hit with academia and the gen. public. Jeb Stuart Magruder (1934-), An American Life: One Man's Road to Watergate; sentenced on May 21 by Judge John Sirica to 4 mo. to 10 years for his role in the Watergate scandal; serves 7 mo. in a priz near Allenwood, Penn. Dumas Malone (1892-1986), Jefferson and His Time, Vol. 4 (Pulitzer Prize); the 2nd Jefferson admin.; vol. #4 of 6 (1948-81). Dwight Macdonald (1906-82), Discriminations: Essays and Afterthoughts 1938-1974. Rolf Mantel (1934-99), On the Characterization of Aggregate Excess Demand. Bobbie Ann Mason (1940-), Nabokov's Garden. Matthew Manning (1974-), The Link: The Extraordinary Gifts of a Teenage Psychic; bestseller (1M+ copies). Mary McCarthy (1912-89), The Seventeenth Degree; her bad experiences in Vietnam; The Mask of State: Watergate Portraits; the 1973 Senate Watergate hearings, incl. Senators and bad guys. Daniel Little McFadden (1937-), Conditional Logic Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior, introducing Conditional Logit Analysis to help determine how individuals will choose between finite alternatives in order to maximize their utility; in 2000 he shares the Nobel Econ. Prize with James Heckman. Larry McMurtry (1936-), It's Always We Rambled: An Essay on Rodeo. John McPhee (1931-), The Curve of Binding Energy: A Journey into the Awesome and Alarming World of Theodore B. Taylor; U.S. nuclear physicist who designed a 16-story-high spaceship called Orion powered by 2K atomic bombs, which was nixed in 1963. Stanley Milgram (1933-84), Obedience to Authority; about the 1963 Milgram Experiment that shows people obeying authority figures even when ordered to punish the innocent. Merle Miller (1919-86), Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman; sparks a controversy when historian Robert Ferrell challenges the veracity of several alleged un-PC quotes. Kate Millett (1934-), Flying (autobio.); her conflicted sexual life of swinging both ways after a Catholic upbringing, causing her to slowly go bonkers and want out of the feminist movement; how feminism and lesbianism compare with Maoism. Christopher Robin Milne (1920-96), The Enchanted Places (autobio.). Jurgen Moltmann (1926-), Man: Christian Anthropology in the Conflicts of the Present. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Companions Along the Way. Marabel Morgan (1937-), The Total Woman; a Miami, Fla. Christian housewife claims that submitting to male desires is the key to a happy married life; #1 bestseller for 1974, spawning sequels. Elting Elmore Morison (1909-95), From Know-How to Nowhere: The Development of American Technology; "He tried to explain the development of American technology from 1800, when the nation was not able to build a 26-mile canal between the Charles and Merrimack Rivers in Massachusetts, to the late 1960's, when men flung themselves to the moon." (New York Times) Samuel Eliot Morison (1887-1976), The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages. Jan Morris (1927-), Conundrum: From James to Jan; has a sex change operation after "I was three or perhaps four when I realized that I had been born into the wrong body, and should really be a girl." George Lachmann Mosse (1918-99) and Walter Laqueur (eds.), Historians in Politics. Aryeh Neier (1979-), Dossier: The Secret Files They Keep On You. Robert Nozick (1938-2002), Anarchy, State and Utopia; backs 19th cent. laissez-faire theory, arguing that capitalist states should play a minimal role in human affairs, and updates John Locke's "Second Treatise of Government", arguing that an unequal distribution of wealth is okay if brought about via free exchange among consenting adults from a just starting position; proposes the Utility Monster; too bad, not knowing when to stop, he utters the soundbyte "The comparable question about an individual is whether a free system will allow him to sell himself into slavery. I believe that it would." Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), Men-of-War: Life in Nelson's Navy. Michael Parenti (1933-), Democracy for the Few; democracy and modern-day capitalism don't mix? Joseph Chilton Pearce (1926-), Exploring the Crack in the Cosmic Egg: Split Minds and Meta-Realities. Charles Petrie (1895-1977), King Charles, Prince Rupert, and the Civil War. Kevin Phillips (1940-), Mediacracy: American Parties and Politics in the Communications Age. Richard Pipes (1923-2018), Russia Under the Old Regime; how Russia is distinguished by the tradition of patrimonialism, "a regime where the rights of sovereignty and those of ownership blend to the point of becoming indistinguishable, and political power is exercised in the same manner as economic power"; "Despotism has much the same etymological origins, but over time it has acquired the meaning of a deviation or corruption of genuine kingship, the latter being understood to respect the property rights of subjects. The patrimonial regime, on the other hand, is a regime in its own right, not a corruption of something else." Robert Maynard Pirsig (1928-), Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry Into Values; bestseller (5M copies); rejected by 121 publishers; title taken from Eugen Herrigel's "Zen in the Art of Archery" (1948); his 17-day motorcycle journey across the U.S. with son Chris and friends John and Sylvia Sutherland, who like to Chautauqua on epistemology, philosophy of science, and the metaphysics of quality; the villain is his U. of Chicago philosophy teacher Richard McKeon (1900-85) AKA "Chmn. of the Committee", who browbeats students "with a gleam in his eye", producing "only carbon copies of himself"; "It should it no way be associated with that great body of factual information related to orthodox Zen Buddhist practice. It's not very factual on motorcycles, either." Merlo John Pusey (1902-85), Eugene Meyer; his boss at the Washington Post. Benjamin A. Quarles (1904-96), Allies for Freedom and Blacks on John Brown. Kathleen Raine (1908-2003), The Land Unknown (autobio.). Marcus Raskin (1934-), Notes on the Old System: To Transform American Politics. Dan Rather (1931-) and Gary Gates, The Palace Guard; "Just three buttons, and they all go to Germans!" Diane Ravitch (1938-), The Great School Wars: A History of New York City: 1805-1973; their problems with educating immigrants. Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), Communalism: From Its Origins to the Twentieth Century. Robert J. Ringer, Winning Through Intimidation; an Ayn Rand fan tells you how to you know what; revised in Dec. 2004 as "To Be or Not to Be Intimidated: That is the Question". Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), Church of the Earth: The Ecology of a Creative Community. Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), The Case for the 100 Percent Gold Dollar; Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays. Cornelius Ryan (1920-74), A Bridge Too Far (Sept.); Operation Market Garden in WWII; filmed in 1977. Franz Schurmann (1924-), The Logic of World Power: An Inquiry into the Origins, Currents, and Contradictions of World Politics. Richard B. Sewall (1908-2003), The Life of Emily Dickinson (2 vols.); explodes the view of her as an unhappy recluse who turned to poetry for solace, claiming that she decided to become a poet early in life and stuck with it - turning herself into an unhappy recluse with nothing else to stick to? B.F. Skinner (1904-90), About Behaviorism. Dodie Smith (1896-1990), Look Back with Love: A Manchester Childhood (autobio.); followed by "Look Back with Mixed Feelings" (1978), "Look Back with Astonishment" (1979), and "Look Back with Gratitude" (1985). Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition. Telford Taylor (1908-98), Perspectives on Justice. Dick Taverne (1928-), The Future of the Left: Lincoln and After; the Lincoln Dem. Labour Assoc. in England. Studs Terkel (1912-2008), Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do; bestseller. Lewis Thomas (1913-93), The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher; bestseller of "Notes of a Biology Watcher" articles from New England Journal of Medicine, helping him get promoted to dean of NYU Medical School and Yale School of Medicine, and pres. of the Sloan-Kettering Inst.; "I have been trying to think of the earth as a kind of organism, but it is no go. I cannot think of it this way. It is too big, too complex, with too many working parts lacking visible connections. The other night, driving through a hilly, wooded part of southern New England, I wondered about this. If not like an organism, what is it like, what is it most like? Then, satisfactorily for that moment, it came to me: it is most like a single cell"; "We pass thoughts around, from mind to mind, so compulsively and with such speed that the brains of mankind often appear, functionally, to be undergoing fusion. Or perhaps we are only at the beginning of learning to use the system, with almost all our evolution as a species still ahead of us. Maybe the thoughts we generate today and flick around from mind to mind... are the primitive precursors of more complicated, polymerized structures that will come later, analogous to the prokaryotic cells that drifted through shallow pools in the early days of biological evolution. Later, when the time is right, there may be fusion and symbiosis among the bits, and then we will see eukaryotic thought, metazoans of thought, huge interliving coral shoals of thought." Piri Thomas (1928-), Seven Long Times (autobio.) (Oct. 21); prison memoir; sequel to "Down These Mean Streets". Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), Toynbee on Toynbee: A Conversation between Arnold J. Toynbee and G.R. Urban. Brinsley Le Poer Trench (1911-95), Secret of the Ages: UFOs from Inside the Earth; backs the Hollow Earth Theory. Calvin Trillin (1935-), American Fried; first in the Tummy Trilogy, a tour of Am. restaurants. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Wampeters, Foma and Granfalloons (essays). Ronald G. Walters (1938-2010), Primers for Prudery: Sexual Advice to Victorian America. Michael Walzer (1935-), Regicide and Revolution: Speeches at the Trial of Louis XVI. Benjamin J. Wattenberg (1933-), The Real America. Sir John W. Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75), Knaves, Fools And Heroes: In Europe Between The Wars. Roger E.M. Whitaker (1899-), All Aboard with E.M. Frimbo: World's Greatest Railroad Buff; "The Old Curmudgeon", "Popsie", "J.W.L" of New Yorker mag. travels 2,748,636.81 mi. by rail. Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Television: Technology and Cultural Form; George Orwell: A Collection of Critical Essays. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), The Book of the Breast; the joys of women's breasts; the book every man wishes he had written? Ola Elizabeth Winslow (1885-1977), A Destroying Angel: The Conquest of Smallpox in Colonial Boston. Frederick William Winterbotham (1897-1990), The Ultra Secret; first public description of the British WWII Ultra codecracking intel gained by decrypting German Enigma machines at Bletchley Park 50 mi. NW of London, pub. after the official ban on mentioning it is lifted in the spring; a firsthand account by a British RAF officer, but filled with inaccuracies since he's not a cryptographer. George Woodcock (1912-95), Who Killed the British Empire? An Inquest. Stephen F. Zito, Sinema: American Pornographic Films and the People Who Make Them. Art: Joseph Beuys (1921-86), I Like America and America Likes Me (sculpture); after making his first visit to the U.S., he fences himself in for a week with a live coyote at his dealer's gallery. Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010), The Destruction of the Father (mixed media sculpture); "The children grabbed him [the father] and put him on the table. And he became the food. They took him apart, dismembered him. Ate him up. And so he was liquidated…the same way he liquidated his children. The sculpture represents both a table and a bed." Chris Burden (1946-), Trans-Fixed; has himself nailed Christ-style to the back of a VW. Alexander Calder (1898-1976), Crag with Yellow Boomerang and Red Eggplant (mobile). Sir Anthony Caro (1924-2013), Black Cover Flat (abstract sculpture) (Tel Aviv, Israel). Marc Chagall (1887-1985), Four Seasons - Chicago. Judy Chicago (1939-), The Dinner Party (1974-9) (multimedia); 39 place settings around a massive triangular table honoring 1,038 women, becoming an icon of 1970s feminist art. Lucien Coutaud (1904-77), Les Baigneuses du Cheval de Brique. Jean Dubuffet (1901-85), Paysage de Ticouleur a la Marionette. Duane Hanson (1925-96), Drug Addict (real-life sculpture). Gottfried Helnwein (1948-), Beautiful Victim I. Luis Jimenez (1940-2006), Progress I (fiberglass sculpture); an Indian buffalo hunt; Progress H (fiberglass sculpture); a cowboy roping a steer. Jasper Johns (1930-), Corpse and Mirror (1974-6). Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), The Dance. Norman Lindsay (1879-1969), Pen and Ink Drawings. Brice Marden (1938-), Souvenir de Grece Series (1974-96). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Explosant Fixe; Je M'Espionne; Deep Mars; L'Aube Permanente; Cadran d'Incendies; Wake (1974-6). Gerhard Richter (1932-), 256 Colors. Larry Rivers (1923-2002), Bread and Butter. James Rosenquist (1933-), Mirage Morning (1974-5). Music: 10cc, Sheet Music (album #2) (May) (#81 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.) (their best album?); incl. The Wall Street Shuffle, Silly Love. ABBA, Waterloo (album #2) (Mar. 4); gives them instant fame; incl. Waterloo, King Kong Song, Honey, Honey. Ace, How Long (Has This Been Going On)? (#3 in the U.S., #20 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder; originally Ace Flash and the Dynamos; from England, incl. Paul Carrack (1951-) (vocals). Aerosmith, Get Your Wings (album #2) (Mar.); incl. Same Old Song and Dance. Ten Years After, Positive Vibrations (album #9) (last album) (Apr.) (#81 in the U.S.); incl. Positive Vibrations. Toshiko Akiyoshi (1929-) and Lew Tabackin (1940-), Kogun (One-Man Army) (album) (debut); jazz album inspired by the WWI soldier who hid out in the jungle for 30 years; a hit in Japan. Gregg Allman (1947-), Gregg Allman Tour (album). America, Holiday (album #4) (June); incl. Tin Man (#4 in the U.S.), Lonely People (#5 in the U.S.). Paul Anka (1941-), You're Having My Baby; first #1 hit in 15 years. Argent, Nexus (album); incl. Thunder and Lightning. Joan Baez (1941-), Gracias a la Vida (Here's to Life: Joan Baez Sings in Spanish) (album); incl. Gracias a la Vida, Cucurrucucu Paloma. Bobby Bare Sr. (1935-) and Bobby Bare Jr. (1968-), Daddy, What If. Captain Beefheart (1941-) and The Magic Band, Unconditionally Guaranteed (album #8) (Apr.) (#192 in the U.S.); yet another bomb, causing the Magic Band to get tired of living on food stamps and fire him, after which he disavows the album and its successor; Bluejeans & Moonbeams (album #9) (Nov.). Sir John Betjeman (1906-84), Late Flowering Love (album). Dickey Betts (1943-), Highway Call (album) (debut); incl. Highway Call. E. Power Biggs (1906-77), Bach: The Four Great Toccatas & Fugues; conducted by Helmuth Kolbe; recorded in quadraphonic sound on the four organs of Freiburg, Germany. Boris Blacher (1903-75), Poem for Large Orchestra; dedicated to Tatjana Gsovsky. The Moody Blues, This Is the Moody Blues (double album) (Oct. 8). Pierre Boulez (1925-), Rituel in Memoriam Bruno Maderna (1974-5). David Bowie (1947-2016), Diamond Dogs (album) (Apr. 24) (#5 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); incl. Diamond Dogs, Rebel Rebel (#5 in the U.K.), Future Legend, 1984; David Live (album); his cocaine abuse makes him sniff in the back seat of a car and claim there is a fly in his milk and comment that he "is alive and well and living only in theory". James Boys, Hello, Hello. Brewer and Shipley, ST-11621 (album #6). Jackson Browne (1948-), Late for the Sky (album #3) (Sept.) (#14 in the U.S.); incl. Late for the Sky. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Living and Dying in 3/4 Time (album #4) (Feb.); incl. Come Monday (first top-40 single); A1A (album #5) (Dec.); named for Fla. State Road A1A on the Atlantic coast; incl. A Pirate Looks at Forty. Can, Soon Over Babaluma (album #6); incl. Come Sta La Luna. Harry Chapin (1942-81), Short Stories(album #3) (Apr.); incl. W*O*L*D, Mr. Tanner, Mail Order Annie; Verities and Balderdash (album #4) (Aug. 24) (#38 in the U.S.); incl. Cat's in the Cradle (about his son Josh). Cher (1946-), Dark Lady (album #11) (May); sells 7.5M; incl. Dark Lady. Chicago, Chicago VII (album #6) (double album) (Mar. 11) (#1 in the U.S.) (2M copies); incl. Call On Me (#1 in the U.S.), (I've Been) Searchin' So Long (#9 in the U.S.), Wishing You Were Here (#1 in the U.S.). Chilliwack, Riding High (album #4); incl. Crazy Talk. Eric Clapton (1945-), 461 Ocean Boulevard (album) (July); first after quitting heroin; incl. I Shot the Sheriff, Willie and the Hand Jive. Gene Clark (1944-91), No Other (album) (Dec.). Joe Cocker (1944-2014), I Can Stand a Little Rain (album #4) (Aug.). Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), New Skin for the Old Ceremony (album #4) (Aug.). Bad Company, Bad Company (album) (debut) (June 26) (#1 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); from England, incl. Paul Bernard Rodgers (1949-) (vocals) (from Free), Michael Geoffrey "Mick" Ralphs (1944-) (guitar) (from Mott the Hoople), Raymond "Boz" Burrell (1946-2006) (bass) (from King Crimson), Simon Frederick St. George Kirke (1949-) (drums) (from Free); incl. Bad Company, Can't Get Enough (#5 in the U.S.), Movin' On (#19 in the U.S.), Rock Steady, and Ready for Love. Rita Coolidge (1945-), Fall into Spring (album #3). King Crimson, Starless and Bible Black (album #7) (Mar. 29); incl. Starless and Bible Black; The Night Watch, Trio; Red (album #8) (Nov.); John Kenneth Wetton (1949-), Robert Fripp, Bill Bruford; incl. Red. Seals and Crofts, Unborn Child (album #6); incl. Unborn Child; pisses-off abortion advocates, who boycott the album. Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young So Far (album #4) (Aug. 19); compilation album; cover by Joni Mitchell. Blue Oyster Cult, Secret Treaties (album #3); incl. Career of Evil, Dominance and Submission, Astronomy. Steely Dan, Pretzel Logic (album #3) (Mar.); incl. Pretzel Logic, Rikki Don't Lose That Number (#4 in the U.S.), Charlie Freak. Mac Davis (1942-), Stop and Smell the Roses (album); incl. Stop and Smell the Roses, One Hell of a Woman. Grateful Dead, Skeletons from the Closet: The Best of Grateful Dead (album) (Feb.); Grateful Dead from the Mars Hotel (album #7) (June 27); incl. Unbroken Chain. Edison Denisov (1929-96), Signs in White (Signes en Blanc). Sandy Denny (1947-78), Fairport Live Convention (album). John Denver (1943-97), Back Home Again (album #8) (June 15) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Back Home Again (#1 country) (#5 in the U.S.), Annie's Song (#9 country) (#1 in the U.S.) (about 1st wife Annie Martell, composed in 10 min. on a ski lift), Thank God I'm a Country Boy (#1 country) (#1 in the U.S.), and Sweet Surrender (37 country) (#13 in the U.S.). Neil Diamond (1941-), Longfellow Serenade (Nov. 5) (#5 in the U.S.); Skybird. Bo Diddley (1928-2008), Big Bad Bo (album). The 5th Dimension, Soul & Inspiration (album); incl. Soul & Inspiration. Donovan (1946-), 7-Tease (album #12) (Nov.). Doobie Brothers, What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits (album #4) (Feb. 1) (#4 in the U.S.); incl. Black Water (#1 in the U.S.). Carl Douglas (1942-), Kung Fu Fighting (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (best-selling single of 1974); 1-hit wonder. Tangerine Dream, Phaedra (album #5) (Feb. 20) (#15 in the U.K.); incl. Phaedra. Bob Dylan (1941-), Planet Waves (album #14) (Jan. 17); incl. Forever Young, Going, Going, Gone; Before the Flood (album) (June 20); Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid Soundtrack (album) (July 16); incl. Knockin' on Heaven's Door. Eagles, On the Border (album #3) (Mar. 22); first with guitarist Donald William "Don" Felder (1947-), and first in Quadraphonic surround sound; incl. James Dean, Already Gone, Good Day in Hell, Best of My Love (by J.D. Souther) (first U.S. #1), Ol' 55. Elf, Carolina County Ball (album #2) (Apr.); incl. Carolina County Ball. ELO, Eldorado, A Symphony (album #4) (Sept.); incl. Eldorado Overture, I Can't Get It Out Of My Head. Brian Eno (1948-), Taking Tiger Mountain (By Strategy) (album #2) (Nov.); incl. Burning Airlines Give You So Much More. David Essex (1947-), America; Gonna Make You a Star (#1 in the U.K.); Stardust Theme. Little Feat, Feats Don't Fail Me Now (album #4) (Aug.); incl. Feats Don't Fail Me Now, Oh, Atlanta. Earth, Wind, and Fire, Open Our Eyes (album #5) (Mar. 25) (#15 in the U.S.); incl. Mighty Mighty (#29 in the U.S.), Devotion (#33 in the U.S.), Kalimba Story (#55 in the U.S.); Another Time (double album) (Sept. 7). Jackson 5, Dancing Machine (album) (Sept.); sells 2M copies; incl. Dancing Machine (Feb. 3) (#2 in the U.S.) (popularizes the "robot" dance style), I Am Love (#15 in the U.S.). Focus, Hamburger Concerto (album #4) (Apr.) (#20 in the U.K.); incl. Birth, La Cathedrale de Strasbourg. Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), Souvenirs (album #2); incl. Part of the Plan. Foghat, Energized (album #3); incl. Wild Cherry; Rock and Roll Outlaws (album #4); incl. Chateau Lafitte '59 Boogie. Peter Frampton (1950-), Somethin's Happening (album #3) (Oct. 20); incl. Waterfall, Sail Away. Funkadelic, Standing on the Verge of Getting It On (album #6) (July). The James Gang, Miami (album #7) (Dec. 14); last with Tommy Bolin, who joins Deep Purple. Kool and the Gang, Light of Worlds (album #7) (Jan. 1) (#63 in the U.S.); incl. Summer Madness. Gloria Gaynor (1947-), Never Can Say Goodbye (album) (debut); side 2, mixed by Tom Moulton (1940-) blends three songs into a dance mix taking the whole length, helping the budding disco craze; next year Moulton invents the 12 in. single vinyl record for disco clubs, causing the disco craze to go bigtime; incl. Never Can Say Goodbye, Honey Bee, Reach Out, I'll Be There. Bee Gees, Mr. Natural (album #10) (May); incl. Mr. Natural. Genesis, The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway (album #6) (Nov. 18); last with Peter Gabriel; incl. The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway. Mickey Gilley (1936-), Room Full of Roses (#1 in the U.S.); written by Tim Spencer. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Things Aren't Funny Anymore; Old Man from the Mountain; Kentucky Gambler. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Dedication (album #16); Thrust (album); Death Wish Soundtrack (album). Roy Harper (1941-), Valentine (album #7) (Feb. 14). George Harrison (1943-2001), Dark Horse (album) (Dec. 9); incl. Dark Horse; he ruins his Dark Horse Tour in North Am. by performing with a sore voice. Procol Harum, Exotic Birds and Fruit (album #8) (Apr.); incl. Beyond the Pale. Canned Heat, Memphis Heat (album #9). Uriah Heep, Wonderworld (album #7) (June); last with bassist Gary Thain (d. 1975); incl. Suicidal Man. John Hiatt (1952-), Hanging Around the Observatory (album) (debut); incl. Sure As I'm Sittin' Here, which is covered by Three Dog Night this year in their album "Hard Labor", reaching #16 in the U.S. and #18 in Canada (their last top-20 hit). The Hollies, The Air That I Breathe (Feb.). Mott the Hoople, Hoople (album) (Mar. 29); incl. Honaloochie Boogie, All the Way from Memphis; Mott the Hoople Live (last album). Les Humphries Singers, Kansas City. Karel Husa (1921-), The Steadfast Tin Soldier (ballet); based on the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale. Janis Ian (1951-), Stars (album); incl. Stars, Jesse. Terry Jacks (1944-), Seasons in the Sun; composed in 1961 as "Le Moribond" (The Dying Man) by Jacques Brel of Belgium, then tr. into English by Rod McKuen, who met him in France in the early 1960s. Millie Jackson (1944-), I Got to Try It One More Time (album #3); incl. Letter Full of Tears; Caught Up (album #4); incl. If Loving You is Wrong. Rick James (1948-2004), Come Get It! (album) (debut); incl. You and I, Mary Jane. Swinging Blue Jeans, Hippy Hippy Shake. Mungo Jerry, Lady Rose (#5 in the U.K.). Billy Joel (1949-), Streetlife Serenade (album #3) (Oct. 11); incl. The Mexican Connection, Souvenir, The Entertainer; "If you're gonna have a hit, you gotta make it fit, so they cut it down to 3:05". Elton John (1947-), Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds; background vocals by Dr. Winston O'Boogie (John Lennon); One Day at a Time; Caribou (album #8) (June 28); incl. The Bitch is Back, Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me (bitch son maybe, not sun?); Elton John's Greatest Hits (album) (Nov. 8). Kansas, Kansas (album) (debut) (Mar.); from Topeka, Kan., incl. Lynn Meredith (vocals), Kerry Allen Livgren (1949-) (guitar), Dave Hope (1949-) (bass), Don Montre/Dan Wright (keyboards), Larry Baker (sax), and Phillip W. "Phil" Ehart (1950-) (drums). Andy Kim (1952-), Rock Me Gently; "the ultimate bubblegum teen pop radio hit". John Kincade, Jenny Jenny; When. The Kinks, Preservation Act 2 (album #12) (May 8). Kiss, Kiss (album) (debut) (Feb. 18); from New York City, incl. Paul "Starchild" Stanley (Stanley Eisen) (1952-) (vocal), Paul Daniel "Ace" Frehley (1951-) (vocals), Gene Simmons (1949-) (bass), Tommy Thayer (1960-), and Peter "Catman" Criss (George Peter John Criscuola) (1945-)/Eric Singer (Eric Doyle Mensinger) (1958-) (drums); Hotter Than Hell (album #2) (Oct. 22). Gladys Knight and the Pips, Claudine Soundtrack (album) (May 10); songs by Curtis Mayfield; incl. On and On (w/ Elton John). Kraftwerk, Autobahn (album #4) (Nov.); incl. Autobahn (#25 in the U.S., #11 in the U.K.), Comet Melody 1, Comet Melody 2. Kris Kristofferson (1936-) and Rita Coolidge (1945-), Kris & Rita: Breakaway (album #2); incl. Rain, Living Arms. The Labelles, Nightbirds (album #4) (Sept. 13); incl. Lady Marmalade (Voulez Vous Coucher Avec Moi); "Gitchie gitchie ya ya da da, gitchie gitchie ya ya here, Mocca chocolatta ya ya, ole Lady Marmalade". Paper Lace, Billy Don't Be a Hero. Brenda Lee (1944-), Big Four Poster Bed. John Lennon (1940-80), Walls and Bridges (album #5) (Oct. 4) (#1 in the U.S.); recorded and released during his Lost Weekend; incl. Whatever Gets You Thru the Night, #9 Dream. Gordon Lightfoot (1938-), Sundown (#1 in the U.S.); Carefree Highway (#1 in the U.S.). Thin Lizzy, Nightlife (album #4) (Nov. 8); incl. Still in Love With You, She Knows. Dave Loggins (1947-), Please Come to Boston; cousin of Kenny Loggins. Loggins and Messina, On Stage (album) (Apr.); Mother Lode (album #4) (Oct.). Love, Reel to Reel (album #7) (last album); incl. Time is Like a River. Fleetwood Mac, Heroes Are Hard to Find (album #9) (Sept. 13); last with Bob Welch; first recorded in the U.S., and first in the Billboard Top 40; incl. Heroes Are Hard to Find. Barry Manilow (1943-), Barry Manilow II (album #2); incl. Mandy (#1 in the U.S.), written in 1971 by Scott English and Richard Kerr under the title "Brandy", which is changed to avoid confusion with "Brandy (You're a Fine Girl)" by Looking Glass. Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Natty Dread (album) (Oct. 25); incl. Lively Up Yourself (promotes skanking, reggae, and sex), No Woman, No Cry; Rasta Revolution (album). Donald Martino (1931-2005), Notturno (Pulitzer Prize). Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Go to Find a Way (album #4); Sweet Exorcist (album #5); incl. Kung Fu. George McCrae (1944-), Rock Your Baby (May) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.) (11M copies); written by Richard Finch and Harry Wayne Casey of KC and the Sunshine Band, who couldn't reach the high notes. Gwen McCrae (1943-), Move Me Baby; wife of George McCrae (1944-). Eugene McDaniels (1935-), Feel Like Makin' Love. Maureen McGovern (1949-), We May Never Love Like This Again; theme from "The Towering Inferno"; Wherever Love Takes Me; theme from "Gold"; after her mgrs. and producers cheat her out of her royalties, she ends up taking a job as a secy. Sister Janet Mead (1938-), The Lord's Prayer; Australian Roman Catholic nun becomes #2 after the Singing Nun Soeur Sourire to have a Billboard top-10 single. Melanie (1947-), Madrugada (album) (May); incl. Lover's Cross; Brand New Key (The Roller Skate Song). Ronnie Milsap (1943-), Pure Love (album #3) (Apr.) (#8 country); incl. Pure Love (by Eddit Rabbitt) (#1 country), Please Don't Tell Me How the Story Ends (#1 country) (#95 in the U.S.). Joni Mitchell (1943-), Court and Spark (album #6) (Jan.); incl. Raised on Robbery, Help Me, Free Man in Paris; Miles of Aisles (album #7) (double album) (Nov.) (#2 in the U.S.). Van Morrison (1945-), It's Too Late to Stop Now (album) (Feb.); best live album ever?; incl. Caravan, Cypress Avenue, Listen to the Lion; Veedon Fleece (album #8) (Oct.); incl. You Don't Pull No Punches, But You Don't Push the River. Mountain, Twin Peaks (double album) (Feb.); first after breakup, with new members Bobb Mann and Allan Schwartzberg; Avalanche (album) (July); with Corky Laing; next album in 1985. Maria Muldaur (1943-), Midnight at the Oasis (#6 in the U.S.); written by David Nichtern. Anne Murray (1945-), Love Song (album #8); incl. A Love Song, Just One Look, You Won't See Me; Country (album); Highly Prized Possession (album #9) (Sept.). Roxy Music, Country Life (album #4) (#3 in the U.K., #37 in the U.S.) (Nov. 15); incl. Casanova, The Thrill of It All, All I Want Is You. Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), If You Love Me, Let Me Know (album #3) (May) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. If You Love Me (Let Me Know). Nico (1938-88), The End (album #4); incl. Innocent and Vain, You Forgot to Answer (about ex-lover Jim Morrison); The End, Das Lied der Deutschen. Three Dog Night, Hard Labor (album #11) (Mar.); cover shows a member giving birth to a record, grossing out U.S. prudes, who cover it with a bandage; incl. The Show Must Go On (by Leo Sayer); Joy to the World: Their Greatest Hits (album #12) (Nov.). Harry Nilsson (1941-94), Subterranean Homesick Blues. Hall & Oates, War Babies (album #3) (Nov. 12). Kenny O'Dell (1946-), Kenny O'Dell (album #2). Roy Orbison (1936-88), Sweet Mama Blue (Aug.). Tony Orlando (1944-) and Dawn, Prime Time (album #5); Candida and Knock Three Times (album #6); Tony Orlando and Dawn II (album #7); Golden Ribbons (album #8). Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Not Fragile (album #3) (Aug.); incl. Not Fragile, You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet, Roll on Down the Highway. Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Sneakin' Sally Through the Alley (album) (solo debut); first after leaving Vinegar Joe. Gram Parsons (1946-73), Grievous Angel (album #2) (posth.) (Jan.); incl. Love Hurts (with Emmylou Harris) (released in 1990). Dolly Parton (1946-), Jolene. Humble Pie, Thunderbox (album #8) (Feb.); 17th cent. slang word for toilet; cover shows a peephole through which a woman's humble pie can be seen on a toilet; I Can't Stand the Rain (by Ann Peebles) ("the perfect single" - John Lennon), Anna (Go to Him) (by Arthur Alexander). Pilot, Magic (#5 in the U.S., #11 in the U.K.); from Edinburgh, Scotland, incl. David Paton and Billy Lyall, formerly of Bay City Rollers. Pointer Sisters, That's a Plenty (album #2) (Feb.) (#82 in the U.S.); Live at the Opera House (album) (Aug.); first modern pop group to perform at the Opera House in San Francisco. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-) and Stephane Grappelli (1908-97), Stephane Grappelli and Jean-Luc Ponty (album). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-) and Mahavishnu Orchestra, Apocalypse (') (album). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-) and Frank Zappa (1940-93), Apostrophe (album); incl. Don't Eat the Yellow Snow. Elvis Presley (1935-77), A Legendary Performer, Vol. 1 (album) (Jan.); I've Got a Thing About You Baby/ Take Good Care Of Her (Jan.); Good Times (album) (Mar.); If You Talk In Your Sleep/ Help Me (May); Recorded Live On Stage in Memphis (June); Promised Land/ It's Midnight (Oct.); Having Fun with Elvis On Stage (album) (Oct.). Billy Preston (1946-2006), Live European Tour (album) (Apr. 3); The Kids & Me (album #9) (Sept.); incl. You Are So Beautiful, Nothing from Nothing. Judas Priest, Rocka Rolla (debut) (Sept. 6); Black Sabbath competitor from Birmingham, England (formed in 1969), incl. Robert John Arthur "Rob" Halford (1951-) (vocals), Kenneth "K.K." Downing Jr. (1951-) (guitar), Ian Frank Hill (1951-) (bass), Glenn Raymond Tipton (1947-) (guitar); too bad, the debut album suffers from poor production quality; incl. Rocka Rolla. Deep Purple, Stormbringer (album #9) (Nov.); incl. Stormbringer, Lady Double Dealer, The Gypsy, Soldier of Fortune; Ritchie Blackmore leaves to form the band Rainbow, and is replaced by Tommy Bolin (1951-76) of the U.S. Suzi Quatro (1950-), Quatro (album #2) (1M copies); incl. Devil Gate Drive. Queen, Queen II (album #2) (Mar. 8); incl. Seven Seas of Rhy; Sheer Heart Attack (album #3) (Nov. 8); their first hit; incl. Killer Queen/Flick of the Wrist, Now I'm Here (about their 1974 tour with Mott the Hoople, with the lyric "Down in the city, just Hoople and me"), Brighton Rock, Flick of the Wrist, Stone Cold Crazy. Grand Funk Railroad, Shinin' On (album #8) (Mar.); incl. The Loco-Motion; Monumental Funk (album); All the Girls in the World Beware!!! (album) (Dec.); cover features the band members' faces pasted onto the bodies of friends Arnold Schwarzenegger and Franco Columbu; incl. Some Kind of Wonderful (#3 in the U.S.), Bad Time (#4 in the U.S.). Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Streetlights (album #4); incl. Angel from Montgomery. The Raspberries, Starting Over (album #4) (Sept.); last album until 2000; incl. Overnight Sensation. Redbone, Come and Get Your Love (#5 in the U.S.) (1M copies) (first Native Am./Cajun band with a #1 internat. hit). Helen Reddy (1941-), Love Song for Jeffrey (album #5) (Apr.0 (#11 in the U.S.); incl. Keep on Singing (#15 in the U.S.), You and Me Against the World (#9 in the U.S.); Free and Easy (album #6) (Oct.) (#8 in the U.S.); incl. Angie Baby (#1 in the U.S.). Lou Reed (1942-), Sally Can't Dance (album #4) (Aug.); his only top-10 album; incl. Sally Can't Dance, Ride Sally Ride, Billy. Martha Reeves (1941-), Martha Reeves (album) (solo debut); incl. Power of Love, Wild Night. Steve Reich (1936-), Music for 18 Musicians (album). Minnie Riperton (1947-79), Perfect Angel (album #2) (June); incl. Lovin' You (#1 in the U.S.). Middle of the Road, Bonjour Ca Va. George Rochberg (1918-2005), Concerto for Violin and Orchestra; debut by Isaac Stern and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra. Bay City Rollers, Remember (Sha La La La) (#6 in the U.K.); first with lead vocalist Leslie Richard "Les" McKeown (1955-); Shang-a-Lang (#2 in the U.K.), Summerlove Sensation (#3 in the U.K.), All of Me Loves All of You (#4 in the U.K.); their 1975 U.K. tour sparks Rollermania, eading to a 20-week BBC-TV series "Shang-a-Lang"; Rollermaniacs wear ankle-length tartan trousers and tartan scarves, and chant "Eric, Derek, Woody too/ Alan, Leslie, we love you,/ With an R-O-double-L, E-R-S,/ Bay City Rollers are the best." Mick Ronson (1946-93), Slaughter on 10th Avenue (album) (Mar. 1); incl. Slaughter on 10th Avenue, Only After Dark. Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Heart Like a Wheel (album #5) (Nov.); incl. When Will I Be Loved, You're No Good; I Can't Help It (If I'm Still In Love With You). Ned Rorem (1923-), Air Music (Pulitzer Prize). Rufus, Rags to Rufus (album #2) (May) (1M copies); incl. Tell Me Something Good (#3 in the U.S.) (by Stevie Wonder), You Got the Love (#11 in the U.S.); Rufusized (album #3) (Dec.) (#7 in the U.S.) (1M copies); incl. One You Get Started, Please Pardon Me. Rush, Rush (album) (debut) (Mar.); from Toronto, Ont., Canada, incl. Geddy Lee (Gary Lee Weinrib) (1953-) (vocals, bass, keyboards), Alex Lifeson (Aleksandar Zivojinovic) (1953-) (guitar), and Neil Ellwood Peart (1952-) (drums); incl. Finding My Way, In the Mood, Working Man. New Riders of the Purple Sage, Home, Home on the Road (album) (Apr.); Brujo (album #5) (Nov.); first with Skip Battin replacing bassist Dave Torbert. Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), Native North American Child: An Odyssey (album); incl. Native North American Child; Buffy (album #10) (Mar.). Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Elevation (album) (July); incl. Elevation. Bozz Scaggs (1944-), Slow Dancer (album #6); incl. Slow Dancer. The Scorpions, Fly to the Rainbow (album #2) (Nov. 1); incl. Speedy's Coming. Gil Scott-Heron (1949-2011), The Revolution Will Not Be Televised (album); Winter in America (album #4) (May); incl. Rivers of My Fathers, The Bottle. Pete Seeger (1919-2014), Banks of Marble and Other Songs (album); incl. Banks of Marble; Clearwater (with Don McLean); about the sloop Clearwater, launched on the Hudson River in 1969 to campaign for cleaning it up. Bob Seger (1945-), Seven (album #7) (Mar.). David Shire (1937-), The Taking of Pelham 123 Soundtrack (album); first CD release by "Film Score Monthly". Carly Simon (1945-), Hotcakes (album #4) (Jan.) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. Mockingbird (with James Taylor) (#10 in the U.S.), Haven't Got Time for the Pain (#14 in the U.S.). Lynyrd Skynyrd, Second Helping (album #2) (Apr. 15); incl. Sweet Home Alabama, Workin' for the MCA. Percy Sledge (1941-), I'll Be Your Everything. Patti Smith (1946-), Hey Joe (Version)/Piss Factory; Patty Hearst's experiences in a N.J. production line. REO Speedwagon, Lost in a Dream (album #4); incl. Lost in a Dream. Big Star, Radio City (album #2) (Feb.); Ardent Records underpromotes it, causing poor sales despite raves from critics; incl. September Gurls, Back of a Car, Life Is White. Ringo Starr (1940-), Goodnight Vienna (album #4) (Nov. 15) (#30 in the U.K.); incl. Goodnight Vienna (#8 in the U.S.), Only You (And You Alone) (by the Platters), No No Song (#3 in the U.S.). Status Quo, Quo (album #7) (May); incl. Break the Rules. Steppenwolf, Slow Flux (album #7); incl. Straight Shootin' Woman (last top-40 Billboard single). Cat Stevens (1948-), Buddha and the Chocolate Box (album) (Mar. 19); incl. Oh Very Young, Jesus; Saturnight (Live in Tokyo) (album). Ray Stevens (1939-), Boogity Boogity (album); sells 5M copies; incl. The Streak. Rod Stewart (1945-), Smiler (album #5) (Oct.); last with Mercury Records; #13 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.; incl. Farewell, (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Man. Sly and the Family Stone, Small Talk (album #7) (July); last album before their Jan. 1975 breakup; cover features his wife Kathleen Silva, who married Sly at a concert in Madison Square Garden on June 5, 1974; incl. Time for Livin' (last top-40 hit). The Rolling Stones, It's Only Rock 'n' Roll (album #14) (Oct. 18); last with Mick Taylor; incl. It' Only Rock 'n' Roll (But I Like It), Ain't Too Proud to Beg, Time Waits for No One, Till the Next Goodbye, Fingerprint File. Styx, The Serpent Is Rising (album #3) (Feb.); "one of the worst recorded and produced in the history of music" (Dennis DeYoung); incl. Man of Miracles (album #4) (Nov. 8). Donna Summer (1948-2012), Lady of the Night (album) (debut); incl. Lady of the Night, The Hostage. KC and the Sunshine Band, Do It Good (album) (debut); from Miami, Fla., incl. Harry Wayne "KC" Casey (1952-) (vocals), Richard Raymond Finch (1954-) (bass), Jerome Smith (guitar), Robert Johnson/Oliver Brown/Fermin Goytisolo (drums), Ken Faulk/Vinnie Tanno (trumpet), Mike Lewis (tenor sax). Supertramp, Crime of the Century (album #3) (Sept.) (#38 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); Richard Davies (1944-) (vocals), Charles Roger Pomfret Hodgson (1950-) (vocals), John Anthony Helliwell (1945-) (sax), Douglas Campbell "Dougie" Thompson (1951-) (bass), Bob C. Bengerg (Robert Layne "Bob" Siebengerg) (1949-) (drums); incl. Dreamer (#9 in the U.S.), Bloody Well Right (#35 in the U.S.). Billy Swan (1942-), I Can Help (#1 in the U.S.); another 1-hit wonder. James Taylor (1948-), Walking Man (album #5) (June 1); incl. Walking Man. The Temptations, Happy People. The Pretty Things, I Want to See the Bright Lights Tonight (Apr.) (album) (debut); Richard Thompson (1949-) and Linda Thompson (1947-); incl. I Want to See the Bright Lights Tonight; becomes English folk rock classic. Spooky Tooth, The Mirror (album #7) (Oct.); released 1 mo. after the group disbands (until 1999); incl. The Mirror. The Four Tops, Meeting of the Minds (album); Live and in Concert (album). Traffic, When the Eagle Flies (album #9) (last album) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. Love. T.Rex, Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow - A Creamed Cage in August (album #9) (Feb. 1); his attempt to pander to the U.S. market splits his fans; incl. Teenage Dream (#13 in the U.K.); Light of Love (album) (Aug.). Robin Trower (1945-), Bridge of Sighs (album #2) (#7 in the U.S.); incl. Bridge of Sighs, Too Rolling Stoned, Day of the Eagle, Little Bit of Sympathy. Jethro Tull, War Child (album #7) (Oct. 14); incl. Bungle in the Jungle, Only Solitaire, Skating Away on the Thin Ice of a New Day. Hot Tuna, The Phosphorescent Rat (album #4) (Jan. 3); first after Jorma Kaukonen and Jack Casady leave Jefferson Airplane; incl. Song for the North Star, Corners Without Exits. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Unchained Melody. The Ventures, The Jim Croce Songbook (album) (Jan.); Best of Pops Sound (album); The Ventures Play the Carpenters (album) (July). Bobby Vinton (1935-), My Melody of Love (#3 in the U.S.). Joe Walsh (1947-), So What (album #3) (Dec. 14); incl. Welcome to the Club. War, War Live (album). Dionne Warwick (1940-) and the Spinners, Then Came You (#1 in the U.S., #29 in the U.K.). Muddy Waters (1913-83), I'm Ready (album); incl. I'm Ready. Barry White (1944-2003), Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe (#1 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.); You're the First, the Last, My Everything (#2 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); goes on to sell 100M records. The Who, Odds and Sods (album #10) (Sept. 28). Edgar Winter (1946-) and the Edgar Winter Group with Rick Derringer (1947-), Shock Treatment (album #5) (May) (#13 in the U.S.); incl. River's Risin' (#33 in the U.S.), Easy Street (#83 in the U.S.). Johnny Winter (1944-), Saints and Sinners (album #6) (Feb.); John Dawson Winter III (album #7) (Dec.). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Fulfillingness' First Finale (album #17) (July 22) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. You Haven't Done Nothin' (with the Jackson 5) (#1 in the U.S.), Boogie On Reggae Woman (#3 in the U.S.). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Another Lonely Song (album) (Apr. 1); We're Gonna Hold On (album) (with George Jones); Woman to Woman (album). Yes, Relayer (album #7) (Dec. 13) (#5 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); incl. The Gates of Delirium. Neil Young (1945-) and Crazy Horse, On the Beach (album #5) (July 16); "One of the most despairing albums of the decade" (Rolling Stone); incl. On the Beach, Walk On. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Apostrophe (') (album) (Mar.); incl. Don't Eat the Yellow Snow (first charting single) (advises a young Eskimo on animal lore). Frank Zappa (1940-93) and the Mothers, Roxy & Elsewhere (Sept. 10). Movies: Jack Smight's Airport 1975 ('75) (Oct. 18) (Universal Pictures), a sequel to the 1970 film based on the Arthur Hailey novel stars Charlton Heston as Columbia Airlines Flight 409 (Boeing 747) Capt. Alan Murdock, Efrem Zimbalist Jr. as Capt. Stacy, Karen Black as flight attendant Nancy Pryor, who has to land the plane, and George Kennedy as ground controller Joe Patroni; Helen Reddy plays Sister Ruth, and Gloria Swanson plays herself; #8 grossing film of 1974 ($47.2M on a $3M budget). Federico Fellini's Amarcord, starring Bruno Zanin is Fellini's semi-autobio. fantasy set in his birthplace of Rimini below Ravenna on the E coast of Italy, known for surprise-surprise wild beaches and nightlife. Claude Lelouch's And Now My Love (Toute une Vie) (May 15) (Embassy Pictures) stars Marthe Keller (as Sarah and Rachel) and Andre Dussolier (as Simon Duroc) in a love story spanning a cent. and several continents. Ted Kotcheff's The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (Apr. 11), based on the 1959 Mordecai Richler novel about a Jewish social climber in Montreal stars Richard Dreyfuss. Joe Camp's Benji (Oct. 17), produced by the dir. and filmed in McKinney, Tex. and Denton, Tex. (near Dallas) stars Peter Breck as Dr. Chapman, and Higgins as small lovable golden mixed-breed dog who is looking for a home and who's always in the right place in the right time; last film of Frances Bavier (as Lady with Cat) and Edgar Buchanan (as Bill); features the country hit song I Feel Love by Charlie Rich; does $39.6M box office in the U.S. (#9) and $45M worldwide on a $500K budget; spawns four sequels. Steve Carver's Big Bad Mama (Jan. 29), written by William W. "Bill" Norton stars Angie Dickinson as Wilma McClatchie, and William Shatner as William J. Baxter. Mel Brooks' Blazing Saddles (Feb. 7) (Warner Bros.) is a lampoon of Hollywood Westerns, starring Gene Wilder as Jim the Waco Kid, Madeline Kahn as Lili von Shtupp the Teutonic Titwillow, Harvey Korman as Hedley Lamarr (causing Hedy Lamarr to successfully sue), Mel Brooks as Gov. William J. Le Petomane (named after French prof. flatulist Le Petomane), Slim Pickens as Taggart, David Huddleston as Olson Johnson, John Hillerman as Howard Johnson, and Cleavon Little as Sheriff Bart, who likes whippin' it out on white women in an all- white Old West town; dumb strong Mongo (Alex Karras) knocks a horse out with one punch; "Mongo only pawn in game of life"; incl. the Famous Farting Scene ("How about some more beans, Mr. Taggart? I'd say you had enough"); #1 grossing film of 1974 ($119.5M box office on a $2.6M budget). Franco Brusati's Bread and Chocolate stars Nino Manfredi as Italian immigrant in Switzerland Nino Garofalo, who loses his work permit and holes up with Greek immigrant Elena (Anna Karina), ending up living in a chicken coop. Harold Pinter's Butley (Jan. 21), based on the 1971 Simon Gray play about a misanthropic prof. who loses his female and male lovers on the same day; stars Alan Bates and Jessica Tandy. Jonathan Demme's Caged Heat (his debut), starring Barbara Steele et al. as babes behind bars is touted as the best sexploitation film of the day, and reaches cult status. Roman Polanski's Chinatown (June 20) (Paramount) stars Jack Nicholson as LA detective J.J. "Jake" Gittes, who tries to solve the mystery of who killed the hubby of rich Evelyn Cross Mulwray (Faye Dunaway) (faint dead away?), the business partner of her richer father Noah Cross (Walter Huston), and the problem of having a daughter who is also your sister, along with who is trying to corner LA's water supply; Nicholson (b. 1937) at age 37 finds out about his real sister/mother before/after shooting the film; Polanski plays the gangster who slits Nicholson's nostril; a pair of glasses in a goldfish pond is the key clue to the plot; "Forget it, Jake. It's Chinatown"; does $29.2M box office on a $6M budget; followed by "The Two Jakes" (1990). Bernard Tavernier's The Clockmaker (L'Horloger de Saint-Paul) (Jan. 16), based on the Georges Simenon novel stars Philippe Noiret as a clockmaker, who finds out that his son has become a murderer, and tries to understand why and for whom. John Carpenter's Dark Star (Apr.), "the Spaced-Out Odyssey", co-written by Dan O'Bannon is a sci-fi comedy set in the mid-22nd cent., about the crew of the scout ship Dark Star, which has been in space for 20 years destroying "unstable planets", is hit by an asteroid storm, and tries to talk Bomb #20 into disarming itself before blowing up the ship. Aaron Spelling's Death Sentence (made for TV) is Nick Nolte's first starring role. Michael Winner's Death Wish (July 24) (Paramount Pictures) (Dino De Laurentiis) stars Charles Bronson as Manhattan engineer Paul Kersey, whose wife Joanna (Hope Lange) is raped and killed by thugs, incl. Jeffrey Lynn "Jeff" Goldblum (1952-) in his film debut, causing him to turn vigilante using a nickel-plated .32 Colt Police Positive revolver, becoming a folk hero, paralyzing the police; does $22M on a $3M budget; spawns sequels "Death Wish II" (1982), "Death Wish 3" (1985), "Death Wish 4: The Crackdown" (1987), "Death Wish V: The Face of Death" (1994). Alan Ormsby's and Jeff Gillen's Deranged: The Confessions of a Necrophile, based on the life of serial killer Ed Gein stars Roberts Blossom as Ezra Cobb. Mark Robson's Earthquake (Nov. 15) is originally shown in "Sensurround", and stars Charlton Heston, Ava Gardner, George Kennedy, Lorne Greene et al. adjusting their lives to a you know what; #5 grossing film of 1974 ($79.7M). Just Jaeckin's Emmanuelle (Dec. 3) , based on the novel by Emmanuelle Arsan is a soft core French flick about Sylvia Kristel (Emmanuelle), who lives in Bangkok with her older beau Mario (Alain Cuny) and gets into kinky sex with Marie Ange (Christine Boisson) and Bee (Marika Green). Werner Herzog's Every Man for Himself and God Against All (Jeder fur Sich und Gott Gegen Alle) (Nov. 1) stars Bruno S. as mysterious German foundling Kaspar Hauser (1812-33). Michael Benveniste's and Howard Ziehm's X-rated Flesh Gordon (July 30), based on the Alex Raymond comic stars Jason Williams as Flesh, Suzanne Fields as Dale Ardor, Joseph Hudgins as Dr. Flexi Jerkoff, and William Dennis Hunt as Emperor Wang the Perverted, who attacks Earth with a Sex Ray from his home world of Porno Mongo; Craig T. Nelson voices the Great God Porno; "Must be some kind of Penisaurus" (Dr. J.). Richard Rush's Freebie and the Bean (Dec. 25) stars Alan Arkin and James Caan as San Francisco detectives; also stars Valerie Harper. Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather: Part II (Dec. 20) stars Al Pacino as Michael Corleone, Richard Duvall as Tom Hagen, Diane Keaton as Kay Adams-Corleone, John Cazale as Fredo Corleone, Talie Shire as Connie Corleone, Lee Strasberg as Hyman Roth, Michael V. Gazzo as Frank Pentangeli, Gastone Moschin as Don Fanucci, and G.D. Spradlin as Sen. Pat Geary; one of those rare sequels that are as good as the original; the press material debuts the word "prequel"; #7 grossing film of 1974 ($57.3M); Troy Donahue plays Connie's boyfriend Merle Johnson (his real name); Fredo is murdered in the Fleur Du Lac Mansion on Lake Tahoe, built in 1938 by Henry J. Kaiser to host parties for the grand opening of the Hoover Damn, er, Dam; Gazzo loses the best supporting actor Oscar to De Niro. Jack Clayton's The Great Gatsby (Mar. 29), written by Francis Ford Coppola based on the 1925 F. Scott Fitzgerald novel stars Robert Redford as Jay Gatsby AKA James Gatz, Mia Farrow as Daisy Bucahanan, and Sam Waterson as the viewpoint char. Nick Carraway; Bruce Dern plays Tom Buchanan, Karen Black plays Myrtle Wilson, and Lois Chiles plays Jordan Baker; Robert Evans purchased the rights to the novel in 1971 for his wife Ali MacGraw, who left him for Steve McQueen, causing Farrow to get the part after Natalie Wood, Faye Dunaway et al. turn it down. Paul Mazursky's Harry and Tonto (Aug. 12) (20th Cent. Fox) stars Art Carney (after James Cagney, Laurence Olivier, and Cary Grant turn the part down) as elderly widower Hazrry Coombes, who is evicted from his Upper West Side NYC apt. along with his cat Tonto, and goes on a car journey to Los Angles, visiting his old sweetheart Jessie Stone (Geraldine Fitzgerald), daughter Shirley Mallard (Ellen Burstyn), and son Eddie (Larry Hagman); does $4.8M box office on a ? budget; Carney wins a best actor Oscar in the face of stiff competition; "Get a lift." Larry Cohen's It's Alive (Oct. 18) is about an infant mutant monster who kills when frightened. Richard Friedenberg's The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams (Nov. 13), based on the 1972 novel by Charles Edward Sellier Jr. stars Dan Haggerty as mountain man James Capen "Grizzly" Adams; #9 grossing film of 1974 ($45.4M). Louis Malle's Lacombe Lucien (Jan. 30) stars Pierre Blaise as an 18-y.-o. French teen in SW France in the summer of 1944 who falls for Jewish babe France Horn (Aurore Clement). Bob Fosse's Lenny (Nov. 10) stars Dustin Hoffman as potty-mouth Jewish-Am. comedian Lenny Bruce. Jorge Grau's Let Sleeping Corpses Lie (The Living Dead at the Manchester Morgue) (Nov. 28) is a horror film starring Arthur Kennedy, Ray Lovelock, and Cristina Galbo. Robert Aldrich's The Longest Yard (Aug. 30) stars Burt Reynolds as QB Paul Crewe and Eddie Albert as Warden Hazen who runs a prison inmate vs. guards football team; #6 grossing film of 1974 ($60M). Guy Hamilton's The Man with the Golden Gun (Dec. 19) (Eon Productions) (United Artists) (James Bond 007 film #9), based on the 1965 Ian Fleming novel stars Roger Moore as James Bond, who duels with the world's #1 assassin Scaramanga (Christopher Lee) in order to acquire the Solex Agitator; also stars bikini-clad Britt Ekland as Goodnight, Maud Adams as Andrea, and dwarf/midget Herve Villechaize as Scaramanga's asst. Nick Nack; first 007 film to drop the plucked guitar from the Bond theme in favor of strings and trumpet; the romantic tropical island scene is filmed in unbearably hot Phuket; does $97.6M box office on a $7M budget; The Man With the Golden Gun Theme by Lulu is used after one by Alice Cooper was rejected; the Lulu one has the raunchiest 007 lyrics ever? Richard O. Fleischer's Mr. Majestyk (July 12) (The Mirsch Corp.) (United Artists), based on a novel by Elmore Leonard stars Charles Bronson as ex-U.S. Army Ranger Vince Majestyk, owner of a watermelon farm in Rocky Ford, Colo., who gets into trouble with gangsters over the crop pickers' union. Sidney Lumet's Murder on the Orient Express (Nov. 24), based on the 1934 Agatha Christie whodunit novel stars Albert Finney as super sleuth Hercule Poirot in 1934 on the trip from Istanbul to Calais, with Richard Widmark as the murder victim Mr. Ratchett, and an all-star cast of suspects incl. Ingrid Bergman, Vanessa Redgrave, Lauren Bacall, John Gielgud (1904-2000), Michael York, Anthony Perkins, and Sean Connery. Jacques Tati's Parade is a series of vignettes in a circus, meshing the action with offstage events. Alan J. Pakula's The Parallax View (June 14) stars Warren Beatty as a reporter uncovering a conspiracy in the assassination of a pres. candidate and becoming the conspirators' target. Luis Bunuel's The Phantom of Liberty (Sept. 11) stars Jean-Claude Brialy and Monica Bitti in a Surrealistic fantasy about a dinner party where people sit on potties around the table and retire to a little room to eat. Freddie Francis' Son of Dracula (Apr.) is a comedy rock and roll Dracula film starring Harry Nilsson as vampire Count Downe, who wants Dr. Van Helsing (Dennis Price) to change him back to human, and Ringo Star as Merlin the Magician; features a bunch of Nilsson songs, with guest appearances by drummers Keith Moon of The Who, and John Bonham of Led Zeppelin. Michael Apted's Stardust (Apr. 24) stars English "Rock On" singer David Essex (David Albert Cook) (1947-) as rock star Jim MacLaine of the Stray Cats; the theme song is a hit, and Essex is voted most popular British male vocalist of 1974. Alain Resnais' Stavisky, about the 1934 Alexandre Stavisky Affair stars Jean-Paul Belmondo as Stavisky, and Anny Duperey as his wife Arlette; features a score by Stephen Sondheim. Steven Spielberg's The Sugarland Express (Apr. 5) (Universal Pictures) (first feature film by Spielberg), filmed in Sugar Land, Tex., based on the true 1969 story of Robert "Bobby" Dent (1947-69) and Ila Fae Holiday (1948-92) stars Goldie Hawn as Lou Jean Poplin, William Atherton as Clovis Michael Poplin, and Ben Johnson as Capt. Harlin Tanner; does $12.8M box office on a $3M budget. Lina Wertmuller's Swept Away (Travolti da un Insolito desinto nell'Azzurro Mare d'Agosto) (Dec. 18) stars Mariangelo Melato as rich Raffaella Pavone Lanzetti, who ends up in a broken down boat with Communist sailor Giancarlo Gennarino (Giancarlo Giannini). Joseph Sargent's The Taking of Pelham 123 (Oct. 2) (Palomar Pictures), based on the 1973 John Godey novel about the hijacking of the Lexington Ave. subway line in New York City stars Walter Matthau as Lt. Zachary Garber, Robert Shaw as Mr. Blue, Martin Balsam as Mr. Green, Hector Elizondo as Mr. Grey, and Earl Hindman as Mr. Brown; "We are going to kill one passenger a minute until New York City pays us 1 million dollars"; the soundtrack album by David Shire (1937-) becomes the first CD release by "Film Score Monthly"; refilmed in 2009. Blake Edwards' The Tamarind Seed (July 22), based on the 1971 Evelyn Anthony novel stars Julie Andrews and Omar Sharif as lovers kept apart by Cold War espionage; the bitter-tasting real seeds are a great cathartic? Tobe Hooper's The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (Oct. 1) (Bryanston Pictures), loosely based on the true story of necrophiliac murderer Ed Gein (1906-84) thrills movie audiences with its new anti-hero Leatherface (played by Gunnar Hansen), pioneering the use of power tools in the slasher gentre; so gross it's good, getting banned in the U.K. and Germany, making it more popular?; #10 grossing film of 1974 ($30.8M); spawns a franchise incl. "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2" (1986), "Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III" (1990), "Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation" (1994), "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" (2003), "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning" (2006), "Texas Chainsaw 3D" (2013), "Leatherface" (2018?) - fear of the German sausage-making lobby? Jack Haley Jr.'s That's Entertainment (June 21) features MGM stars Fred Astaire, Bing Crosby, Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor, Liza Minnelli, Peter Lawford et al. in favorite musical routines. Robert Altman's Thieves Like Us (Feb. 11), based on the Edward Anderson novel stars Keith Carradine and Shelley Duvall as Bowie and Keechie, who try to rob their 37th bank. Pier Paolo Pasolini's The Thousand and One Nights II (June 20) emphasizes the erotic side. John Guillermin's The Towering Inferno (Dec. 14) (20th Cent. Fox) (Warner Bros.) (first major Hollywood studio joint feature), ' based on the novels "The Tower" by Richard Martin Stern and "The Glass Inferno" by Thomas N. Scortia and Frank M. Robinson about a San Fran skyscraper on fire stars Paul Newman and Steve McQueen leading an all-star cast incl. William Holden, Faye Dunaway, Fred Astaire, Richard Chamberlain, O.J. Simpson, Robert Vaughn, Robert Wagner, Dabney Coleman, and Jennifer Jones (last film appearance); does $139.7M box office on a $14.3M budget (highest-grossing film of 1974). Tom Laughlin's The Trial of Billy Jack (Nov. 13), about karate-kicking Billy Jack (Laughlin) and his babe Jean Roberts (Delores Taylor) is fuller of tripe than a bowl of menudo, but pleases the crowds; #3 grossing film of 1974 ($89M). Sidney Poitier's Uptown Saturday Night (July 26) is the first of three teamings of Poitier with Bill Cosby, incl. "Let's Do It Again" (1975) and "A Piece of the Action" (1977). Claude Sautet's Vincent, Francois, Paul and the Others (Oct. 20) about midlife crises stars Yves Montand, Michel Piccoli, Stephane Audran, and Gerard Depardieu. Vittorio De Sica's The Voyage (Mar. 11), De Sica's last film, based on a novel by Luigi Pirandello set in Sicily just before WWI stars Richard Burton and Sophia Lauren as lovers Cesar Braggi and Adriana De Mauro, who fall off a mountain. Ettore Scola's We All Loved Each Other So Much (C'Eravamo Tanto Amati) (Dec. 21) ' stars Vittorio Gassman, Nino Manfredi, and Stefania Sandrelli as friends fighting the Nazis in 1944 then settling down and facing disillusionment. Jules Bass' and Arthur Rankin Jr.'s stop motion animated TV special The Year Without a Santa Claus (Dec. 10) (ABC-TV), based on the 1956 Phyllis McGinley book stars Shirley Booth (last acting credit) as the narrator Mrs. Claus, Mickey Rooney as Santa, and Dick Shawn as Snow Miser. Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein (20th Cent. Fox) (Dec. 15), a comic sendup of the 1818 Mary Shelley novel stars Gene Wilder as Dr. Baron Friedrich von Frankenstein (that's pronounced "frankensteen"), Marty Feldman as his pop-eyed asst. Igor, Teri Garr as his babe Inga, Cloris Leachman as Frau Blucher, Kenneth Mars as Inspector Kemp, and Peter Boyle as the Creature, who helps Wilder do a great rendition of the Irving Berlin classic Puttin' on the Ritz; #4 grossing film of 1974 ($86.2M box office on a $2.78M budget). Plays: Jean Anouilh (1910-87), Monsieur Barnett. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Fievre et Autres Textes Dramatiques. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), The Force of Habit (Die Machet der Gewhnheit) (Salzburg) (July 27). Howard Brenton (1942-), The Churchill Play (Nottingham Playhouse (May 8); Orwellian 1984 in Britain. Lee Breuer (1937-), The B. Beaver Animation. Emilio Carballido (1925-2008), Las Cartas de Mozart (The Letters of Mozart). Frank Chin (1940-), The Year of the Dragon; Chinatown tour guide Fred Eng sees his family disintegrate. Betty Comden (1917-2006), Adolph Green (1914-2002), and Jule Styne (1905-94), Lorelei (musical) (Palace Theatre, New York) (Jan. 27) (320 perf.); revised version of the 1949 musical "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes" starring Carol Channing and Dody Goodman. Michael Cook (1933-94), Jacob's Wake. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Dame of Sark; The Lord's Lieutenant. Dario Fo (1926-), We Won't Pay! We Won't Pay! (Non Si Paga! Non Si Paga!). Athol Fugard (1932-), John Kani, and Winston Ntshona, The Island (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Jan. 2); Boesman and Lena; Statements. Herb Gardner (1934-2003), Thieves (Broadhurst Theater, New York) (Apr. 7) (313 performanes); stars Richard Mulligan and Marlo Thomas as Martin and Sally Cramer, whose marriage is on the skids. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Otherwise Engaged (Queen's Theatre, London). John Guare (1938-), Rich and Famous; black comedy about young ambitious playwright Bing Ringling. Davie Hare (1947-), Knuckle (Comedy Theatre, London) (Mar. 4); stars Edward Fox as Curly Delafield and Kate Nelligan as his younger sister Sarah, who disappears, causing him to look for her. William Hauptman (1942-) and Roger Miller (1936-92), Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (musical) (New York); based on the 1884 Mark Twain novel; last Broadway production to run for over 1K perf. until "42nd Street" (1980). Joseph Heller (1923-99), Clevinger's Trial; 1-act play from "Catch-22". Gayl Jones (1949-), Chile Woman (first play) (Brown U.). Ira Levin (1929-2007), Veronica's Room. David Mamet (1947-), Sexual Perversity in Chicago (Organic Theater Co., Chicago) (June); (Cherry Lane Theatre, Greenwich Village) (June 16, 1976) (273 perf.); his first success; two new lovers find their best friends sexually hostile; filmed in 1986 and 2014 as "About Last Night" (1986). Terence McNally, Bad Habits (Booth Theatre, New York) (May 5) (273 perf.); the 1-act plays "Ravenswood" and "Dune Lawn", set in two sanatoriums (Dunelawn and Ravenswood) with opposite treatments of mental illness; stars Cynthia Harris, Doris Rafelo, Emory Bass, and J. Frank Luca. Arthur Miller (1915-2005), Up From Paradise. John Osborne (1929-94), The End of Me Old Cigar. Robert Patrick (1937-), The Haunted Host (New York); 1st time that gay actor Harvey Fierstein appears onstage as a male rather than in drag until ? Miguel Pinero (1946-88), Short Eyes (Riverside Church, New York) (Jan. 3); about his 1972 stay in Sing Sing, with former prisoners as actors; Joseph Papp discovers it and moves it to Broadway, where it wins six Tonys and an Obie, making him a star, allowing him to set up the Nuyorican Poets Cafe in his beloved Lower East Side New York City. David Rabe (1940-), In the Boom Boom Room; a young go-go dancer in a Philly dive. Murray Schisgal (1926-), All Over Town (Booth Theatre, New York) (Dec. 12) (233 perf.); stars Barnard Hughes and Cleavon Little. Stephen Lawrence Schwartz (1948-), The Magic Show (musical) (Cort Theatre, New York) (May 28) (1,920 perf.); stars David Ogden Stiers as Feldman the Magnificent in the seedy Top Hat nightclub, Doug Henning (later Jeffrey Mylett) as Doug, Dale Soules as Cal, Sam Schacht as agent Goldfarb, Anita Morris (later Loni Ackerman) as Charmin, and Annie McGreevey and Cheryl Barnes as Donna and Dina. Sam Shepard (1943-), Action; Killer's Head (1-act play). Charlie Smalls (1943-87), William Ferdinand Brown (1928-), George W. Faison (1945-), Timothy Graphenreed, Luther Vandross (1951-2005), and Harold Wheeler (1943-), The Wiz: The Super Soul Musical "Wonderful Wizard of Oz" (musical) (Morris A. Mechanic Theatre, Baltimore) (Oct. 21) (Majestic Theatre, New York) (Jan. 5) (1,672 perf.); an Africanized version of L. Frank Baum's "The Wizard of Oz"; stars an all-black cast incl. Stephanie Mills as Dorothy, Hinton Battle as Scarecrow, Tiger Haynes as Tin Woodman, Ted Ross as Lion, Dee Dee Bridgewater as Glinda the Good Witch of the South, Andre DeShields as the Wiz, and Mabel King as Evillene the Wicked Witch of the West; dir. by Geoffrey Holder; features the song Ease On Down the Road. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Travesties (Aldwych Theatre, London) (June 10) (39 perf.); parody of Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Earnest" (1895); stars Tom Bell as James Joyce, Frank Windsor as Vladimir Lenin, John Wood, Maria Aitken. Megan Terry (1932-), Hot House. John Updike (1932-2009), Buchanan Dying; U.S. pres. James Buchaan. Peter Ustinov (1921-2004), Who's Who in Hell. Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), La Fundacion (The Foundation); life during the last years of the Franco regime. Paula Vogel (1951-), Swan Song of Sir Henry (debut). Derek Walcott (1930-), The Joker of Seville; The Charlatan. Earl Wilson Jr. (1941-), Let My People Come: A Sexual Musical (musical) (Village Gate, Greenwich Village) (Jan. 8) (1,167 perf.); soft porno show featuring onstage nudity, produced by Phil Oesterman; features the songs I'm Gay, Cum in My Mouth, The Cunnilingus Champion of Company C, Dirty Words, Give It to Me, Whatever Turns You On. Robert Wilson (1941-), A Letter to Queen Victoria (June 15). Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Sphere: The Form of a Motion; the search for unity and wholeness via the concept of you know what. John Ashbery (1927-2017), Grand Galop (Apr.). W.H. Auden (1907-73), Thank You, Fog: Last Poems (posth.). Russell Banks (1940-), Snow (debut). Marvin Bell (1937-), Residue of Song. Robert Bly (1926-2021), Old Man Rubbing His Eyes. Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-), From Memphis and Peking (debut). Andrei Codrescu (1946-), The Marriage of Insult and Injury. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Thirty Things. Edwin Denby (1903-83), Snoring in New York. Edward Dorn (1929-99), Slinger ("Gunslinger" vols. 1-4 plus "The Cycle"); Collected Poems, 1956-1974. Recollections of Gran Apacheria. Alan Dugan (1923-2003), Poems 4. Stephen Dunn (1939-), Looking for Holes in the Ceiling (debut). Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), Step-Poems. William Everson (1912-94), Man-Fate: The Swan Song of Brother Antoninus; why he quit mast, er, quit being a monk and married a young babe. George Fetherling (1949-), Achilles' Navel: Throbs, Laments and Vagaries. Louise Gluck (1943-), The House on Marshland (Dec. 31). Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), At the Gate. Marilyn Hacker (1942-), Presentation Piece: Poems (Apr. 8) (debut) (Nat. Book Award); incl. Presentation Piece; "This is not fresh meat. It was kept overnight/ in a tab of brine."; "Meet me tonight under your tongue." Peter Handke (1942-), When Hope Still Helped: Poems, Essays, Texts, Photos. Michael S. Harper (1938-), Nightmare Begins Responsibility. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Futures: New Poems. Richard Howard (1929-), Two-Part Inventions. William Hunt, Of the Map that Changes. Robinson Jeffers (1887-1962), Brides of the South Wind: Poems 1917-1922 (posth.). Galway Kinnell (1927-2014), The Avenue Bearing the Initial of Christ into the New World: Poems 1953-1964; skid row Ave. C in New York City. Bill Knott (1940-), Love Poems to Myself. Ted Kooser (1939-), A Local Habitation and a Name. Philip Larkin (1922-85), High Windows. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Pole-Vaulter; Seventy-Five Greek Poems, 1951-1974. John Frederick Lehmann (1907-87), The Reader at Night. Audre Lorde (1934-92), New York Head Shop and Museum. Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004), Where the Sun Rises and Where It Sets. Frank O'Hara (1926-66), Selected Poems (posth.). Rochelle Owens (1936-), The Joe Eighty-Two Creation Poems. Octavio Paz (1914-98), Conjunctions and Disjunctions. Stanley Plumly (1939-), Giraffe. Ishmael Reed (1938-), Chattanooga: Poems. Muriel Rukeyser (1913-80), Breaking Open. Michael Ryan (1946-), Threats Instead of Trees. James Schuyler (1923-91), Hymn to Life. Leslie Marmon Silko (1948-), Laguna Woman: Poems (debut). Charles Simic (1938-), Return to a Place Lit by a Glass of Milk: Poems (Mar.). Dave Smith (1942-), The Fisherman's Whore; Drunks. Gary Snyder (1930-), Turtle Island (Jan. 17) (Pulitzer Prize); an Amerindian name for North Am.; "The poems speak of places and the energy pathways that sustain life." James Tate (1943-), A Sip for Gabrielle. Tomas Transtromer (1931-), Baltics. David Wagoner (1926-), Sleeping in the Woods. Diane Wakoski (1937-), Trilogy. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Or Else - Poem/Poems, 1968-1974; incl. "Homage to Theodore Dreiser", "Flaubert in Egypt". Novels: Walter Abish (1931-), Alphabetical Africa (first novel); two jewel thieves travel to Africa looking for an abducted love; 1st chapter consists of words beginning with the letter A, 2nd chapter words start with A and B, etc.; chapter #26 is open, after which the next 25 chapters reverse the process. Eric Ambler (1909-98), Doctor Frigo. Poul Anderson (1926-2001), Fire Time. Hubert Aquin (1929-77), Hamlet's Twin (Neige Noire). Louis Aragon (1897-1982), Theatre. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Partners (short stories). Richard Bach (1936-), A Gift of Wings. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), The Bottle Factory Outing. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Concrete Island. James Baldwin (1924-87), If Beale Street Could Talk (June 17); a black man is falsely accused of raping a Puerto Rican woman; filmed in 2018. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Concrete Island. Donald Barthelme (1931-89), Guilty Pleasures (short stories). Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), The Fall of Chronopolis; about the Chronostatic Empire's war with the Hegemony; The Soul of the Robot; about soulful robot Jasperodus. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), First Love and Other Shorts; Mercier and Camier; written in 1946. Peter Benchley (1940-2006), Jaws (first novel); bestseller (9M copies); filmed in 1975; "The old fish moved slowly through the water" (opening); "Then he began to kick toward the shore" (ending); most successful first novel in U.S. history. Wendell Berry (1934-), The Memory of Old Jack. Robert Bloch (1917-94), American Gothic; serial murderer Dr. G. Gordon Gregg, who lives in the Castle in Chicago is investigated by jounralist Crystal, who falls in love with him. Heinrich Boll (1917-85), The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum: Or, How Violence Develops and Where It Can Lead (Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum oder: Wie Gewalt entstehen und wohin sie führen kann); a housekeeper is hounded by a tabloid reporter and the police, who are investigating her lover, who robbed a bank (for the Red Army?). Leigh Brackett (1915-78), The Ginger Star; The Hounds of Skaith. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), The Hawkline Monster: A Gothic Western. Maeve Brennan (1917-93), Christmas Eve: 13 Stories. Andre Brink (1935-), Looking on Darkness; anti-apartheid novel about a black actor who is awaiting execution for murdering his white lover; first anti-apartheid novel in Africaans; the govt. bans it, making it more popular? Frederick Buechner (1926-), The Faces of Jesus: A Life Story; Love Feast; #4 in the Bebb Tetralogy. Anthony Burgess (1917-93), The Clockwork Testament, or Enderby's End (#3 in the Enderby series, 1963-84). Peter Carey (1943-), The Fat Man in History (short stories). Alejo Carpentier (1904-80), El Recurso del Metodo (Reasons of State); Concierto Barroco; the 1709 meeting of Handel, Vivaldi and Domenico Scarlatti. John le Carre (1931-2020), Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy; first in the Karla Trilogy (1974-9); British spy George Smiley is called back from forced retirement to solve the case of a Soviet mole in the Circus; basis of a 1979 BBC-TV miniseries starring Alec Guinness. Angela Carter (1940-92), Fireworks: Nine Profane Pieces. Laurie Colwin (1944-92), Passion and Affect (short stories) (debut). Agatha Christie (1890-1976), (Hercule) Poirot's Early Cases (Sept.). J.M. Coetzee (1940-), Dusklands (first novel); incl. "The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee". Jackie Collins (1937-2015), Lovehead (The Love Killers); women's rights activist Margaret Lawrence Brown is killed by mobster Enzio Bassalino, and three women plan their revenge. Richard Condon (1915-96), Winter Kills; a CIA-run pres. assassin a la JFK; The Star Spangled Crunch. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), The Connoisseur; an insurance exec becomes obbsessed with pre-Columbian Mayan art. Susan Cooper (1935-), Greenwitch; Dark Is Rising #3. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), The Moustache. Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Octaedro (Octahedron). Richard Cowper (1926-2002), The Twilight of Briareus. Harry Crews (1935-), The Gypsy's Curse. Mary Daniels, Morris; "The intimate life story of the feline superstar of TV cat food ads" (Publishers' Weekly). Guy Davenport (1927-2005), Tatlin! (short stories) (debut). Samuel R. Delaney (1942-), Dahlgren. Peter De Vries (1910-93), The Glory of the Hummingbird; Jim Tickler. Philip K. Dick (1928-82), Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said; genetically-enhanced TV celeb Jason Tavener wakes to find that nobody has heard of him. R.B. Dominic, Epitaph for a Lobbyist; Benton Safford #4. Lawrence Durrell (1912-90), Monsieur, or The Prince of Darkness; first in the Avignon Quintet (1974-85). George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), Mixed Feelings (short stories). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Incognito at Buchenwald. Harlan Ellison (1934-), Approaching Oblivion (short stories). Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Berattelser Fran de Installda Upprorens Tid. Paul Emil Erdman (1932-2007), The Silver Bears; an ancient silver mine is discovered in Iran, causing an internat. plot to steal it. Frederick Forsyth (1938-), The Dogs of War; title taken from Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar"; British mining exec Cat Shannon hires mercenaries to overthrow an African govt. Margaret Forster (1938-), The Seduction of Mrs. Pendlebury; Stanley and Rose of Rawlinson Road, Islington. John Fowles (1926-), The Ebony Tower (short stories). Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), A Dressing of Diamonds; Henry Castang #1. Bruce Jay Friedman (1930-), About Harry Towns. John Gardner (1933-82), The King's Indian: Stories and Tales (debut). Brendan Gill (1914-97), Ways of Loving (short stories). Gail Godwin (1937-), The Odd Woman; a female lit. prof. hung up on the 19th cent. has an affair with a married man. Nadine Gordimer (1923-), The Conservationist; South African weekend farmer Mehring. Joe Gores (1931-), Interface; Honolulu: Port of Call. Lois Gould (1932-2002), Final Analysis. William Goyen (1915-83), Come the Restorer; a West Tex. community searches for a savior. James Grady (1949-), Six Days of the Condor; filmed in 1975 as "Three Days of the Condor". Patrick Grainville (1947-), L'Abime. Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018), The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia; a physicist tries to reconcile cultural conflicts when exploring a new planet. Joe Haldeman (1943-), The Forever War; about an interstellar war between humans and the Taurans; first in the Forever War series (1974-99). Peter Handke (1942-), A Sorrow Beyond Dreams: A Life Story. John Hawkes (1925-98), Death, Sleep, and the traveller; a man, a wife, and her lover. Joseph Heller (1923-99), Something Happened; miserable Am. businessman Bob Slocum; took him 12 years to write. George V. Higgins (1939-99), Cogan's Trade. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), Little Tales of Misogyny; "A young man asked a father for his daughter's hand, and received it in a box - her left hand"; Ripley's Game (Ripley #3); sequel to "The Talented Mr. Ripley" (1955-); filmed in 1977 by Wim Wenders as "The American Friend", and in 2002 by Liliana Cavani. Russell Hoban (1925-), Kleinzeit. John Irving (1942-), The 158-Pound Marriage (Aug. 11); a menage a quatre in a New England univ. town. John Jakes (1932-), The Bastard; first in the 8-vol. Am. Bicentennial Kent Family Chronicles, which sells 55M copies, incl. "The Rebels" (1975), "The Seekers" (1975), "The Furies" (1976), "The Titans" (1976), "The Warriors" (1977), "The Lawless" (1978), "The Americans" (1979). Charles R. Johnson (1948-), Faith and the Good Thing (first novel); written under guidance of mentor John Gardner (1933-82) about a Southern black girl going on a quest to Chicago. Uwe Johnson (1934-84), Eine Reise nach Klagenfurt (A Trip to Klagenfurt). Ward Just (1935-), Stringer. Sue Kaufman (1926-77), Falling Bodies. Thomas Keneally (1935-), Blood Red, Sister Rose; Joan of Arc. Stephen King (1947-), Carrie (Apr. 24) (first novel); submitted to Doubleday after his wife Tabitha fishes it out of the trash, receiving a $2,500 advance; about 16-y.-o. Carietta "Carrie" White from Chamberlain, Maine, whose vindictive fanatical Christian fundamentalist mother Margaret causes her to develop telekinetic powers, getting persecuted then getting even; based on his job as a h.s. janitor, where he saw tampon machines; a big hit, it allows him to quit his day job and become the best-selling U.S. author for the rest of the cent.; filmed in 1976 starring Sissy Spacek; turned into a 1988 Broadway musical. John Knowles (1926-2001), Spreading Fires; a psychological thriller about sexual repression set in S France. Richard Kostelanetz (1940-), Short Fictions. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), The Designated Heir. Milan Kundera (1929-), Life is Elsewhere; original title "The Lyrical Age"; moves to France next year. Pascal Laine (1942-), Le Dentelliere. Louis L'Amour (1908-88), Sackett's Land. Emma Lathen, Sweet and Low; John Putnam Thatcher #15. Margaret Laurence (1926-87), The Diviners; Morag Gunn. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), 52 Pickup; Detroit businesman Harry Mitchell is blackmailed over a sexual affair; Mr. Majestyk; Vietnam vet tries to farm melons in Ariz. while fighting the local mob. Meyer Levin (1905-81), The Spell of Time: A Tale of Love in Jerusalem; two men in love with the same woman are so jealous of each other that they change minds and bodies? Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), Hill of Many Dreams (Mar. 11); The Night is a Child; Edmund Trothe #4. Graham Lord (1943-), The Spider and the Fly' British MP Richard Brooke hooks up with Am. journalist Alex. Robert Ludlum (1927-2001), The Rhinemann Exchange. Alison Lurie (1926-), The War Between the Tates; the breakdown of a marriage echoes the breakup of the U.S. during the Vietnam War. Wallace Markfield (1926-2002), You Could Live If They Let You. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), Snare of the Hunter; Irina Kusak flees Czech. to find her Nobel laureate father in Austria, and gets caught in intrigue. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Breakheart Pass; set in 1873 Nevada. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Al-Karnak (Karnak Cafe). Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), Operation Iscariot. Colleen McCullough (1937-), Tim (first novel); aging middle-class Am. woman Mary Horton hooks up with retarded 24-y.-o. gardner Tim Melville; filmed in 1979 starring Piper Laurie and Mel Gibson. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Fletch; first in a series about investigative reporter Irwin Maurice "Fletch" Fletcher, played by Chevy Chase in 1985. James A. Michener (1907-97), Centennial; bestseller about uncolorful NE Colo., whose centennial is in 1976; made into an NBC-TV miniseries that debuts in Oct. 1978-Feb. 1979. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Holiday; Edwin Fisher on seaside holiday. Brian Moore (1921-99), The Great Victorian Collection (Dec. 31); Anthony Maloney and the Sea Winds Motel in Carmel. Elsa Morante (1912-85), La Storia (History); Ida Ramundo and her sons Antonio "Nino" and Giuseppe "Useppe" during WWII. Alice Munro (1931-), Something I've Been Meaning to Tell You (short stories). Iris Murdoch (1919-99), The Sacred and Profane Love Machine (Sept. 19); Blaise Gavender. Albert Murray (1916-), Train Whistle Guitar (first novel); first in trilogy incl. "The Spyglass Tree" (1991), The Seven League Boots" (1996). Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Look at the Harlequins!; autobio. novel. about Vadim. John Treadwell Nichols (1940-), The Milagro Beanfield War; first in his New Mexico Trilogy incl. "The Magic Journey" (1978), "The Nirvana Blues" (1981). Larry Niven (1938-) and Jerry Pournelle (1933-), The Mote in God's Eye; the Second Empire of Man in 3016 enjoys the faster-than-light Alderson Drive to discover the Moties, who have a little ole 1M-y.-o. problem. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), The Goddess and Other Women (short stories). Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Chian Wine and Other Stories. Edna O'Brien (1930-), A Scandalous Woman and Other Stories. John O'Hara (1905-70), Good Samaritan and Other Stories (posth.). Tillie Olsen (1913-2007), Yonnondio: From the Thirties; a family during the Great Depression; first started in the 1930s. Grace Paley (1922-2007), Enormous Changes at the Last Minute (short stories); incl. "A Conversation with My Father", "The Long-Distance Runner". Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Horn of Roland; pub. under alias Ellis Peters; Sunrise in the West; first in the Brothers of Gwynedd tetralogy about Welsh prince Llewelyn the Last (1223-82). Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), God Save the Child; Spenser #2. Georges Perec (1936-82), Especes d'Espaces (Species of Spaces); Ulcerations. John Cowper Powys (1872-1963), Real Wraiths; Two and Two (posth.). Richard Price (1949-), The Wanderers (first novel); teen gangs in 1962 Bronx, N.Y. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), The Camberwell Beauty; antique dealer in S England. Francine Prose (1947-), The Glorious Ones. James Purdy (1914-2009), The House of the Solitary Maggot; Color of Darkness: Eleven Stories and a Novella. Jean Raspail (1925-), The Axe of the Steppes (Hache des Steppes). Ishmael Reed (1938-), The Last Days of Louisiana Red; sequel to "Mumbo Jumbo" (1972). Robert Henry Rimmer (1917-2001), The Premar Experiments; sequel to "The Harrad Experiment" (1966), pushing the limits to the max of sexual freedom. Angelo Rinaldi (1940-), L'Education de l'Oubli. Philip Roth (1933-2018), My Life as a Man; autobio. novel about writer Peter Tarnopol, who tells of the horrors of the first marriage of novelist Nathan Zuckerman. Nawal El Saadawi (1931-), The Death of the Only Man in the World. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Un Profil Perdu (A Lost Profile). William Sansom (1912-76), Skimpy; A Young Wife's Tale. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), As Opinioes que o DL Teve. Paul Mark Scott (1920-78), A Division of the Spoils; #4 in the Raj Quartet. Michael Shaara (1928-88), The Killer Angels: A Novel of the Civil War (Pulitzer Prize); the June 30-July 3, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg; great read, too bad he's no Dan Brown and doesn't spice it up with unlikely scenarios and love scenes to make it sell?; filmed in 1993 as "Gettysburg". Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), The Other Side of Midnight. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), The Storyteller (Flame of Life); Somme. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), Our Children's Children; about refugees from 500 years in the future being chased by monsters. C.P. Snow (1905-80), In Their Wisdom; three elderly peers and a disputed will. Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), Prussian Nights. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Flawless Play Restored: The Masque of Fungo. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Abbess of Crewe; Alexandra bugs and videotapes the Abbey, and tries to justify it to the pope. Robert Stone (1937-), Dog Soldiers; a freelance reporter smuggles heroin out of Vietnam, but it goes violently awry; filmed in 1978. Jacqueline Susann (1918-74), Once Is Not Enough; #2 best-selling U.S. novel in 1973. Henry S. Taylor (1942-), Poetry: Points of Departure. Earl Thompson (1931-78), Tattoo; Jack Andersen joins the U.S. Navy (autobio. novel). Roderick Thorp (1936-99), The Circle of Love. Thomas Tryon (1926-91), Lady. Anne Tyler (1941-), Celestial Navigation; an agoraphobic artist marries a self-sufficient woman. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Myron; return of Myra Breckinridge; "One of the absolutes of bookchat land is that the historical novel is neither history nor novel" (Vidal). Per Wahloo (1926-75) and Maj Sjowall (1935-), Cop Killer; Martin Beck #6. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Fan Club. Patricia Nell Warren, The Front Runner. James Welch (1940-2003), Winter in the Blood (first novel); a 32-y.-o. man comes to terms with his Indian heritage on the Rez in Mont.; by a mixed Blackfoot-Gros Ventre writer; "He had learned to give the illusion of work, even to the point of sweating as soon as he put his gloves on, while doing very little." Arnold Wesker (1932-), Love Letters on Blue Paper: Three Stories. Morris L. West (1916-99), Harlequin. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), Desperate Measures; Roger Brook. Patrick White (1912-90), The Cockatoos (short stories). Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Eight Mortal Ladies Possessed (six short stories). Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), The Voyage Unplanned. Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87), Dear Departed (Souvenirs Pieux); vol. 1 of "The Labyrinth of the World" (vol. 2 in 1977). Births: Am. "Three Amigos" comedian Pablo Ridson Francisco on Jan. 5 in Tucson, Ariz.; of Chilean descent. Am. country singer John Rich on Jan. 7 in Amarillo, Tex. Kiwi "Boris in MiB 3" actor-comedian-musician-filmmaker Jemaine Atea Mahana Clement on Jan. 10 in Masterton; of Maori descent. Am. Sonic Drive-Ins Two Guys actor (Jewish) Peter Grosz on Jan. 11 in New York City; educated at Northwestern U. English "Northern Star" singer-songwriter-actress Melanie Jayne "Sporty Spice" Chisholm (Melanie C) (Spice Girls) on Jan. 12 in Whiston, Merseyside. Canadian "Archangel Gabriel in Legion", "Joshua in Dark Angel" actor Kevin Serge Durand on Jan. 14 in Thunder Bay, Ont. English supermodel Kate Moss on Jan. 16 in Addiscombe, Croydon. Am. TV journalist Norah O'Donnell on Jan. 23 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Georgetown U. Am. "Valerie Malone in Beverly Hill, 90210" actress Tiffani Amber Thiessen on Jan. 23 in Long Beach, Calif. Am "Andrew Andy Bernard in The Office", "Stuart Price in The Hangover" actor-comedian Edward "Ed" Helms on Jan. 24 in Atlanta, Ga.; educated at Oberlin College. Am. "Four Seven" Christian musician Matthew Thomas "Matt" Odmark (Jars of Clay) on Jan. 25 in New York City; grows up in Rochester, N.Y.; educated at the U. of Rochester. Am. rock drummer Christopher River "Chris" Hesse (Hoobastank) on Jan. 26. Welsh "Jamie 'Jim' Graham in Empire of the Sun", "The Dark Knight" actor Christian Charles Philip Bale on Jan. 30 in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire; stepson of Gloria Steinem (1934-). Candian 6'3" basketball palyer (Phoenix Suns Stephen John "Steve" Nash on Feb. 7 in Johannesburg, South Afric; educated at the U. of Santa Clara. Am. 5'4" "Scott Evil in Austin Powers", "Woody Allen in Radio Days" actor-comedian-producer Seth Benjamin Green (Gesshel-Green) on Feb. 8 in Philadelphia, Penn.; at age 13 appears on "The Tonight Show" with Johnny Carson. Am. "Allegra Cole in Hitch" supermodel-actress Amber Evangeline Valletta on Feb. 9 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. "Spider-Man", "Fred Claus" actress Elizabeth Banks (Mitchell) on Feb. 10 in Pittsfield, Mass.; educated at the U. of Penn. Israeli rock singer (Jewish) (gay) Ivri Lider (The Young Professionals) on Feb. 10 in Kibbutz Givat Haim. Am. "Brown Sugar" R&B singer-songwriter-producer (black) ("R&B Jesus") D'Angelo (Michael Eugene Archer) on Feb. 11 in Richmond, Va. Am. InfoWars libertarian talk show host-dir.-producer Alexander Emerick "Alex" Jones on Feb. 11 in Dallas, Tex.; born in infamous Parkland Hospital, turning him onto conspiracy theories?; grows up in Rockwell, Tex. and Austin, Tex.; educated at Austin Community College. English "Life thru a Lens", "Sing When You're Winning" musician-actor Robert Peter "Robbie" Williams (Take That) on Feb. 13 in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. Am. "Me You and Everyone We Know" actor-writer-dir. Miranda July (Miranda Jennifer Grossinger) on Feb. 15 in Barre, Vt.; Jewish father, Protestant mother; daughter of Richard Grossinger (1944-). Am. reality show celeb and dir. of Communications for the White House Office of Public Liaison (2017-8) (black) Omarosa (Omarosé Onée) Manigault (Manigault-Newman) on Feb. 15 in Youngstown, Ohio; educated at Central State U., and Howard U.; partner (2010-12) of Michael Clark Duncan (1957-2012); fired in week 9 of "The Apprentice" Season 1. Am. "Juan in Moonlight", "Don Shirley in Green Book" actor-rapper (black) (Ahmadiya Muslim) Mahershalalhashbaz "Mahershala" Ali (Gilmore) on Feb. 16 in Oakland, Calif.; grows up in Hayward, Calif. converts from Christianity in 1999. Am. "Quinn Mallory in Sliders" actor Jeremiah "Jerry" O'Connell on Feb. 17 in Manhattan, N.Y.; educated at NYU; husband (2007-) of Rebecca Romijn (1972-). Am. 5'2-1/2 "The Biggest Loser red-black team trainer", " "Losing It with Jillian" personal trainer (lesbian) Jillian Michaels (Jillian L. McKarus) on Feb. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Cal State U. Northridge. English "You're Beautiful" singer James Blunt (James Hillier Blunt) on Feb. 22 in Tidworth, Wiltshire. Am. "John Clark in NYPD Blue" actor Mark-Paul Harry Gosselaar on Mar. 1 in Panorama City, Calif. Am. "Budrick Bud Bundy on Married With Children" actor David Anthony Faustino on Mar. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif.; goes by rap name of D L'il. English "Little Britain", "Come Fly with Me" actor-comedian (gay) Matthew Richard "Matt" Lucas on Mar. 5 in London; husband (2006-) of Kevin McGee. Am. "Sara Harris in Training Day", "Monica Fuentes in 2 Fast 2 Furious" actress-model (Roman Catholic) (vegetarian) Eva de la Caridad Mendez on Mar. 5 in Miami, Fla.; Cuban immigrant parents; grows up in Glendale, Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Cal State Northridge; partner (2011-) of Ryan Gosling. Am. "Eric Murphy in Entourage" actor Kevin Connolly on Mar. 5 in Patchogue, Long Island, N.Y. Am. "Sara in Training Day", "Sara Melas in Hitch" actress (Roman Catholic) Eva Mendes on Mar. 5 in Miami, Fla.; Cuban immigrant parents. Am. rapper (black) Beanie Sigel (Dwight Grant) on Mar. 6 in South Philadelphia, Penn. African rock singer (black) Hugo Ferreira (Tantric) on Mar. 7 in Luana, Angola. Am. "Pam Beesly in The Office" actress-dir.-writer Regina Marie "Jenna" Fischer on Mar. 7 in Ft. Wayne, Ind.; raised in St. Louis, Mo. Am. prof. wrestler ("the most hated man in reality TV") Jon "Jonny" Fairplay Dalton on Mar. 11 in Danville, Va.; known for faking his grandmother's death in "Survivor: Pearl Islands" (2003-4). Am. "Side Order of Life" actress Marisa Christine Coughlan on Mar. 17 in Mineapolis, Minn. Iranian billionaire businessman Babak Zanjani on Mar. 21 in Tehran. Am. 6'11" basketball center (black) (Toronto Raptors, 1996-8) (New York Knicks, 1998-2002) (Denver Nuggets, 2002-8) Marcus D. Camby on Mar. 22 in Hartford, Conn.; educated at the U. of Mass. Am. actress-model (black) Kidada Ann Jones on Mar. 22 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Quincy Jones (1933-) and Peggy Lipton (1946-); sister of Rashida Jones (1976-). Spanish "House of Wax", "The Shallows", "The Commuter" dir.-producer Jaume Collete-Serra on Mar. 23 in Sant Iscle de Vallalta, Barcelona. Am. "Willow Rosenberg in Buffy the Vampire Slayer", "Lisa Aldrin in How I Met Your Mother" actress Alyson Lee Hannigan on Mar. 24 in Washington, D.C.; educated at Cal State Northridge. Swedish rock bassist Stefan Alexander Bo Olsdal (Placebo) on Mar. 31 in Goteborg. Am. "American Pimp", "The Book of Eli" dir. Albert Hughes on Apr. 1 in Detroit, Mich.; twin brother of Allen Hughes (1972-). Am. "American Pimp", "Scratch" dir. Allen Hughes on Apr. 1 in Detroit, Mich.; twin brother of Albert Hughes (1972-). Am. Chuck E. Cheese murderer (black) Nathan Jerard Dunlap on Apr. 8. Am. Navy SEAL sniper (160 confirmed kills) ("the Devil of Ramadi") ("Legend") Christopher Scott "Chris" Kyle (d. 2013) on Apr. 8 in Odessa, Tex.; husband (2002-13) of Taya Kyle (nee Studebaker) (1974-). Russian serial murderer ("the Chessboard Killer") ("the Bitsa Park Maniac") Alexander Yuryevich "Sasha" Pichushkin on Apr. 9 in Mytishchi, Moscow. Am. rapper (black) DaBrat (Shawntae Harris) on Apr. 14 in Chicago, Ill. French "Flat Beat" record producer-dir. Mr. Oizo (Quentin Dupieux) on Apr. 14. Am. 5'11" hockey goalie (Boston Bruins, 2002-) Timothy James "Tim" Thomas Jr. on Apr. 15 in Flint, Mich.; educated at the U. of Vt. English singer-songwriter and fashion designer Victoria Caroline "Posh Spice" Beckham (nee Adams) on Apr. 17 in Goff's Oak, Hertfordshire; wife (1999-) of David Beckham (1975-). Am. rock bassist Shavarsh "Shavo" Odadjian (System of a Down) on Apr. 22 in Yerevan, Armenia. Canadian "Connor King in Painkiller Jane" actor Noah Danby on Apr. 24 in Guelph, Ont.; husband (2008-) of Kristanna Loken (1979-). Am. "Antwone Fisher" actor (black) Derek Luke on Apr. 24 in Jersey City, N.J.; Guyanan father. English autistic savant artist ("the Human Camera") Stephen Wiltshire on Apr. 24 in London; West Indian parents. Spanish "Vanilla Sky" "Cristina Barcelona", "Blow" actress Penelope Cruz (Sanchez) on Apr. 28 in Madrid. Am. "Frogs With Dirty Little Lips" rock musician-actor-novelist Ahmet Emuukha Rodan Zappa on May 15 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Frank Zappa (1940-93) and Gail Zappa (1945-); named after Ahmet Ertegun; brother of Moon Unit Zappa (1967-), Dweezil Zappa (1969-), and Diva Thin Muffin Zappa (1979-). Irish singer Andrea Jane Corr (Corrs) on May 17 in Dundalk, County Louth; sister of Sharon Corr (1970-) and Caroline Corr (1973-). Am. "The Craft" actress Fairuza (Pers. "tourquoise") Alejandra Balk (Feldthouse) on May 21 in Point Reyes, Calif.; mother is a belly dancer of Dutch descent, father is an Am. dance teacher who lived in Turkey from ages 10-16. Am. "Rayanne Graff on My So-Called Life" actress Allison Joy Langer Courtenay, Lady Courtenay on May 22 in Columbus, Ohio; wife (2005-) of Charles Peregrine Courtenay, Lord Courtenay (1975-). Am. "Jeopardy!" game show champ (Mormon) Kenneth Wayne "Ken" Jennings III on May 23 [Gemini] in Edmonds, Wash. (near Seattle); grows up in Seoul and in Singapore; educated at Brigham Young U.; total Jeopardy! earns $3,022,700 from 74 wins, plus $500K for 2nd place in the Ultimate Tournament of Champions. Am. singer Jewel (Jewel Kilcher) on May 23 in Payson, Utah; father Atz Kilcher is Swiss-German, mother Lenedra Caroll is Irish; cousin of Q'Orianka Kilcher (1989-). Am. "Bunchy Donovan in Ray Donovan" actor Dashiell Raymond "Dash" Mihok on May 24 in New York City; educated at Bronx H.S. of Scince, and Fordham U. Am. singer-producer (black) Cee Lo Green (Thomas DeCarlo Callaway) (Gnarls Barkley) on May 30 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. rock drummer (gay) Luis Illades (Pansy Division) on May 30. Madagascar pres. (2009-14) Andry Nirina Rajoelina on May 30 in Antananarivo. British Labour Party politician-journalist-historian Tristram Julian William Hunt on May 31 in Cambridge; educated at Trinity College, Cambridge U. Canadian-Am. "Jagged Little Pill" singer-actress Alanis Nadine Morissette on June 1 in Ottawa, Ont.; French-Canadian father, Hungarian mother; becomes dual U.S.-Canadian citizen in Feb. 2005. Am. "Dr. Quinn: Medicine Woman" actor (gay) Chad Allen on June 5 in Cerritos, Calif. Am. rock bassist Aaron Charles "P-Nut" Wills (311) on June 5 in Indianapolis, Ind. Am. rapper-rocker (white) Uncle Kracker (Crock) (Matthew Shafer) on June 6 in Mount Clemens, Mich. English "Penelope Penny Widmore in Lost", "Nicole Noone in The Librarian: Quest for the Spear" actress Sonya Walger on June 6 in Hampstead, London; Argentine father, English mother; educated at Christ Church, Oxford U. English "Man vs. Wild" survivalist (Anglican) Edward Michael "Bear" Grylls on June 6 in London; educated at Eton College, U. of the West of England, and Birbeck College. Japanese ML baseball player (New York Yankees #55, 2003-) Hideki "Godzilla" Matsui on June 12 in Neagari, Ishikawa. Am. "Jay in Clerks" actor (heroin addict) Jason Edward Mewes on June 12 in Highlands, N.J.; heroin addict mother dies of AIDS in 2002. English actor Steve-O (Jackass) on June 13 in Wimbledon, London. Am. "Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo" playwright Rajiv Joseph on June 16 in Cleveland, Ohio; Indian immigrant father; educated at Miami U. Am. "Emmett Honeycutt in Queer as Folk" actor (gay) Peter Paige on June 20 in West Hartford, Conn. Argentine economist Ivan (Iván) Werning on June 20; educated at the U. of Chicago. Am. "Dr. Christopher Turk in Scrubs" actor Donald Adeosun Faison on June 22 in New York City. Australian "Sam Carter in The Thing", "Patrick in Zero Dark Thirty" actor Joel Edgerton on June 23 in Blacktown, N.S.W.; educated at the U. of Western Sydney. Am. baseball shortstop (New York Yankees #2) Derek Sanderson Jeter on June 26 in Pequannock, N.J.; black father, Irish-German mother; grows up in Kalamazoo, Mich. Am. "Rat Race" actress Jenica Bergere on July 4. Latvian porno actress Tania Russof on July 6 in Riga. English "Peabody in Salt", "Ensign Covey in Amistad" actor (black) Chiwetel Ejiofor (pr. like "chew it tell edge oh for") on July 10 in Forest Gate, London; Nigerian parents. Dutch singer-songwriter Sharon Janny den Adel (Within Temptation) on July 12 in Waddinxveen, South Holland. Am. "Nicole Jamieson in House of Payne" actress (black) Robinne Lee on July 16 in Mount Vernon, N.Y. Am. "Jack & Jill" actor Simon Rex (Cutright) on July 20 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. "Treacherous Alliance", "A Single Roll of the Dice" Iranian activist (Zoroastrian) Trita Parsi on July 21 in Ahvaz; emigrates to Sweden at age 4; educated at Uppsala U., and Stockholm School of Economics. German "Lola in Run Lola Run" actress Franka Potente on July 22 in Munster; grows up in Dulmen; Sicilian immigrant great-grandfather. Am. "Because I Got High" singer (black) Afroman (Joseph Mortimer Foreman) on July 28 in South Central Los Angeles, Calif.; grows up in Palmdale, Calif.; writes first song in high school. Am. "Ted Mosby in How I Met Your Mother" actor-dir.-producer-writer (Jewish) Joshua Thomas "Josh" Radnor on July 29 in Columbus, Ohio; educated at Kenyon College, and NYU. Am. "Nelson Van Alden in Boardwalk Empire", "Martin Kurtz in The LIttle Drummer Girl" actor-musician Michael Corbett Shannon on Aug. 7 in Lexington, Ky. Am. "Erika in 24", "Kelly Ludlow in Commander in Chief" actress Ever Dawn Carradine on Aug. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif.; niece of David Carradine (1936-2009). Am. "Gen. Zod in Man of Steel" actor-musician Michael Corbett Shannon on Aug. 7 in Lexington, Ky.; grandson of Raymond Corbett Shannon (1894-1945). Am. "The Ghost Files" paranormal investigator Jeff Belanger on Aug. 8 in Southbridge, Mass.; educated at Hofstra U. Am. "Quentin King in Grosse Pointe" actor Walter Kohl Sudduth on Aug. 8 in Granada Hills, Calif.; brother of Skip Sudduth (1956-). Am. "Ted Fairwell in Six Feet Under", "Eric Powell in Julie and Julia" actor Chris Messina on Aug. 11 Northport, N.Y. Canadian "Species" actress-model Natasha Henstridge on Aug. 15 in Springdale, Newfoundland and Labrador. Am. "Brenda Strong in Catch Me If You Can", "Ashley Johnsten in Junebug", "Sister James in Doubt", "Julie Powell in Julie and Julia" actress Amy Lou Adams on Aug. 20 in Vicenza, Italy; raised in Castle Rock, Colo. Am. porno actress ("the Long Island Lolita") Amy Elizabeth Fisher on Aug. 21 in Merrick, N.Y. U.S. Sen. (R-Colo.) (2015-) Cory Scott Gardner on Aug. 22 in Yuma, Colo.; educated at the U. of Colo. British-Russian physicist Sir Konstantin Sergeevich "Kostya" Novoselov on Aug. 23 in Nizhny Tagil, Russia; 2010 Nobel Physics prize. Am. "Life Sucks", "Everything Sucks" ska-punk rock singer-musician Aaron Asher Barrett (Reel Big Fish) on Aug. 30 in San Bernardino County, Calif. Am. 6'6" hall-of-fame football defensive end (black) (Miami Dolphins #99, 1997-2007. 2009, 2011) Jason Paul Taylor on Sept. 1 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at the U. of Akron. Am. "Mike Silletti in Rescue Me" actor Michael Lombardi on Sept. 2. Am. "Zee in The Matrix" actress-singer-model (black) Nona Marvisa Gaye on Sept. 4 in Washington, D.C.; daughter of Marvin Gaye (1939-84) and Janis Hunter; granddaughter of Slim Gaillard (1916-91). Italian "Paige Matthews in Charmed" actress Rose Arianna McGowan on Sept. 5 in Florence; Irish father, French-Am. mother. Swedish singer Nina Elisabet Persson (The Cardigans) on Sept. 6 in Orebro. Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (Denver Nuggets #24, 1995-8, 1999-2002) (San Antonio Spurs #34, 2009-11) Antonio Keithflen McDyess on Sept. 7 in Quitman, Miss.; educated at the U. of Ala. Am. "Stop-Loss" actor Ryan Phillippe (pr. fill-uh-pee) on Sept. 10 in New Castle, Del.; husband (1999-2007) of Reese Witherspoon. Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (Washington Bullets/Wizards #30, 1996-9) Ben Camey Wallace on Sept. 10 in White Hall, Ala.; educated at Virginia Union U. Am. "Who Says You Can't Go Home" singer Jennifer Odessa Nettles (Sugarland) on Sept. 12 in Douglas, Ga. Indian "Lakshmi" actress Meena Durairaj on Sept. 16 in Chennai. Am. 6'11 basketball player (black) (Washington Bullets #30, 1995-6) (Portland Trail Blazers #36, 1996-2004) Rasheed Abdul "Sheed" Wallace on Sept. 17 in Philadelphia, Penn.; educated at the U. of N.C. Am. rapper-actor (black) Xzibit (Alvin Nathaniel Joiner) on Sept. 18 in Detroit, Mich. Am. "Ben in Fever Pitch" SNL actor-comedian James Thomas "Jimmy" Fallon on Sept. 19 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; grows up in Saugerties, N.Y. Am. "Jane Williams in A Bronx Tale" actress (black) Taral Nikisha Hicks on Sept. 21 in Bronx, N.Y.; sister of D'atra Hicks (1967-). Filipino-Am. musician-producer (black) apl.de.ap (Allan Pineda Lindo) (Black Eyed Peas) on Sept. 28 in Angeles City, Philippines. Trinidadian "In My Mind" R&B singer-songwriter-actress (black) Heather Headley on Oct. 5 in Barataria. Am. auto racer ("the Pied Piper of Daytona") Ralph Dale Earnhardt Jr. on Oct. 10 in Kannapolis, N.C.; son of Dale Earnhardt Sr. (1952-2001). Am. "Are Your Eyes Still Blue" country singer-songwriter Shane "Mack" McAnally on Oct. 12 in Mineral Wells, Tex. Am. rapper-producer Shaggy 2 Dope (Joseph William "Joey" Utsler) (Insane Clown Posse) on Oct. 14 in Wayne, Mich. Am. country singer-songwriter Natalie Maines (Natalie Louise Maines Pasdar) (Dixie Chicks) on Oct. 14 in Lubbock, Tex.; educated at Berklee College of Music. U.S. Rep. (D-Ind.) (2008-) (black) (Muslim convert) Andre D. Carson on Oct. 16 in Indianapolis, Ind. English "Athos in The Three Musketeers" actor Matthew Macfadyen on Oct. 17 in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Swedish rock musician Anders Peter Svensson (Cardigans) on Oct. 18 in Jonkoping. Am. "Gladiator", "The Village", "Walk the Line" actor (Jewish) (vegetarian) Joaquin Phoenix (Raphael) on Oct. 28 in San Juan, Puerto Rico; brother of River Phoenix (1970-93). Swedish actor (Jewish) Karl David Sebastian Dencik on Oct. 31 in Stockholm; grows up in Denmark. Am. rapper-actor (black) Nelly (Cornell Haynes Jr.) (St. Lunatics) on Nov. 2 in St. Louis, Mo. Am. "New York, New York" country-rock singer David Ryan Adams (Whiskeytown) on Nov. 5 in Jacksonville, N.C. Am. 6'6" basketball player (black) (Philadelphia 76ers #42, 1995-8) (Detroit Pistons #24, 1998-2002) (Washington Wizards #42, 2002-4) (Dallas Mavericks #42, 2004-9) Jerry Darnell Stackhouse on Nov. 5 in Kinston, N.C.; educated at the U. of N.C. Am. baseball pitcher Kris James Benson on Nov. 7 in Superior, Wisc.; husband (1999-) of Anna Benson (1976-). Welsh "Kevin Walker in Brothers & Sisters", "Dylan Thomas in The Edge of Love", "Philip Jennings in The Americans" actor Matthews Rhys Evans on Nov. 8 in Cardiff. Am. "Jack Dawson in Titanic", "Frank Abagnale in Catch Me if You Can" actor (Freemason) Leonardo ("lion bold") Wilhelm DiCaprio on Nov. 11 [Scorpio] in Los Angeles, Calif.; German-Italian underground comic artist dad, German legal secy. mother; named after Leonardo da Vinci; dismissed from the "Romper Room" TV show for disruptive behavior. Yemeni al-Qaida member Fahd Mohammed Ahmed al-Quso (d. 2012) on Nov. 12. Am. Christian rock drummer David Ronald Carr (Third Day) on Nov. 15. Canadian "Rockstar" rocker Chad Robert Kroeger (Turton) (Nickelback) on Nov. 15 in Hanna, Alberta; half-brother of Mike Kroeger (1972-). Am. "Popular", "Private Parts" actress-model Leslie Louise Bibb on Nov. 17 in Bismarck, N.D. Am. "Lana Tisdel in Boys Don't Cry", "Jennifer Farley in Barry Munday" actress Chloe Stevens Sevigny on Nov. 18 in Darien, Conn.; French-Am. father, Polish-Am. mother. Am. "Tess in Committed" actress (lesbian) Tammy Lynn Michaels (Doring) on Nov. 26 in Lafayette, Ind.; marries Melissa Etheridge on Sept. 22, 2003. Am. hip-hop musician-producer apl.de.ap (Allan Pineda Lindo Jr.) (Black Eyed Peas) on Nov. 28 in Angeles City, Philippines; black Am. father, Filipina mother. Am. rock drummer Megan Martha "Meg" White (White Stripes) on Dec. 10 in Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.; collaborator of husband (1996-) Jack White (1975-); they pretend to be brother-sister? Mexican-Am. wrestler Rey Mysterioso Jr. (Oscar Gutierrez) on Dec. 11 in San Diego, Calif.; nephew of Rey Misterioso Sr. (1958-). English musician Nicholas John Augustine "Nick" McCarthy (Franz Ferdinand) on Dec. 13 in Blackpool; grows up in Bavaria, Germany. Am. actors Giovanni (Vonni) Ribisi and Marissa Ribisi on Dec. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; father Albert Ribisi played keyboard in the 60s band People!; Giovanni is a Scientologist; Marissa is wife of pop singer Beck. Am. "Merlyn Temple in American Gothic", "Elisa Cronkite in Jack & Jill" actress (bi) Sarah Catharine Paulson on Dec. 17 in Tampa, Fla. Am. "Blair Witch Project", "Taken" actress Heather Donahue on Dec. 22 in Upper Darby, Penn. Am. "American Idol" host Ryan Arnold Jackson Seacrest on Dec. 24 in Dunwoody, Ga. Am. "The Mao Game", "Near Dark" actor-writer (Jewish) Joshua John Miller on Dec. 26 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Jason Miller (1939-2001) and Susan Bernard (1948-); half-brother of Jason Patric (1966-); maternal grandson of Bruno Bernard; eduated at Yale U. and UCLA. Am. "Clockers" "Dr. Greg Pratt in ER" actor (black) Mekhi Thira Phifer on Dec. 29 in Harlem, N.Y. Canadian film composer Ryan Shore on Dec. 29 in Toronto, Ont.; nephew of Howard Shore (1946-). Am. "I Kissed Dating Goodbye" pastor Joshua Eugene Harris on Dec. 30 in Dayton, Ohio; Japanese descent mother. Brazilian auto racer Tony Kanaan (Antoine Rizkallah Kanaan Filho) on Dec. 31 in Salvador. English fashion designer Sarah Burton (nee Heard) on ? in Macclesfield, Cheshire; designer of Kate Middleton's 2011 wedding dress. English "Bad Science" neuroscientist (atheist - "apatheist") Ben Michael Goldacre on ? in ?; educated at King's College, London, and Magdalen College, Oxford U. Am. rock bassist Eric Scott Judy (Modest Mouse) on ? in ?. Am. "The History of Love" novelist (Jewish) Nicole Krauss on ? in New York City; Am. father, English mother; educated at Stanford U. Am. "Black and Blue" TV journalist-writer (black) Jeff Pegues on ? in Washington, D.C.; educated at Miami U. of Hio. French artist Alexandre Renoir on ? in Cagnes Sur Mer; great-grandson of artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919); moves to Canada at age 4. Am. "The Clean House" "Eurydice" playwright Sarah Ruhl on ? in Wilmette, Ill.; educated at Brown U. and Pembroke College, Oxford U. Deaths: Am. "The Oklahoman" publisher Edward King Gaylord (b. 1873) on May 30. Am. antitrust atty. John Lord O'Brian (b. 1874) in Apr. in Washington, D.C.: "No battle of any importance can be won without enthusiasm"; "There is something peculiarly sinister and insidious in even a charge of disloyalty. Such a charge all too frequently places a strain on the reputation of an individual which is indelible and lasting, regardless of the complete innocence later proved." U.S. Sen. (D-Md.) (1935-47) George Lovic Pierce Radcliffe (b. 1877) on July 29 in Baltimore, Md. British fisherman Edward "Ned" Maddrell (b. 1878) on Dec. 27 in the Isle of Man; last surviving native speaker of the Manx language, an offshoot of Irish Gaelic. Am. Pearl Harbor Adm. James Otto Richardson (b. 1878) on May 2 in Washington, D.C. Polish-born Am. movie producer (known for "Goldwynisms") Samuel Goldwyn (b. 1879) on Jan. 31 in Los Angeles, Calif.: "A man who goes to a psychiatrist should have his head examined"; "I was always an independent, even when I had partners"; "The picture makers will inherit the earth"; "Motion pictures should never embarrass a man when he brings his wife"; "What we want is a story that starts with an earthquake and works its way up to a climax"; "I had a great idea this morning, but I didn't like it"; "Gentlemen, kindly include me out"; "I'd hire the Devil himself if he'd write me a good story." Am. celeb Abigail Adams Homans (b. 1879) on Feb. 4; great-great-granddaughter of U.S. pres. #2 John Adams. English actor Donald Crisp (b. 1880) on May 25. Austrian-born Am. child care expert Sidonie M. Gruenberg (b. 1881) on Mar. 11. U.S. Rep. (R-Ill.) (1943-59) Charles W. Vursell (b. 1881) on Sept. 21. English-born actor Donald Crisp (b. 1882) on May 25 in Van Nuys, Calif. Canadian landscape painter Alexander Young Jackson (b. 1882) on Apr. 5 in Kleinburg, Ont.; last surviving member of the Toronto Group of Seven. Am. mathematician Robert Lee Moore (b. 1882) on Oct. 4 in Austin, Tex.: "That student is taught the best who is told the least." Am. "Stella Dallas" novelist Olive Higgins Prouty (b. 1882) on Mar. 24. Swiss-born viral scientist Karl F. Meyer (b. 1884) on Apr. 27 . English Sark Island (in the British Channel) hereditary feudal ruler Sibyl Hathaway, Dame of Sark (b. 1884) on July 14. Am. Chase Manhattan Bank pres. Winthrop W. Aldrich (b. 1885) on Feb. 25. Brazilian pres. (1945-50) Enrico Gaspar Dutra (b. 1885) on June 11. Am. social philosopher Richard Bartlett Gregg (b. 1885). Am. humorist Harry Hershfield (b. 1885) on Dec. 15. German "Judge Hanging Harry Whitaker in Bonanza" actor Otto Kruger (b. 1885) on Sept. 6 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (stroke); dies on his birthday. Italian novelist Aldo Palazzeschi (b. 1885) on Aug. 17 in Rome. English engine designer Sir Harry Ricardo (b. 1885) on May 18. Austrian composer Egon Wellesz (b. 1885) on Nov. 9. Am. diplomat Jefferson Caffery (b. 1886) on Apr. 13. Icelandic scholar Sigurour Nordal (b. 1886) on Sept. 21. British princess Patricia of Connaught (b. 1886) on Jan. 12 in Windlesham, Surrey. German educator Kurt Hahn (b. 1886) on Dec. 14 in Salem. Am. journalist Arthur Krock (b. 1886) on Apr. 12 in Washington, D.C. Canadian-born Am. journalist-poet-novelist-critic Vincent Starrett (b. 1886) on Jan. 5 in Chicago, Ill. British official Sir Mark Aitchison Young (b. 1886) on May 12. Swedish composer Kurt Atterberg (b. 1887) on Feb. 17 in Stockholm: "The Russians, Brahms, and Reger were my ideals". U.S. Sen. (D-Alaska) (1959-69) Ernest Gruening (b. 1887) on June 26 in Washington, D.C. Am. "Craig's Wife" playwright George Eedward Kelly (b. 1887) on June 18 in Bryn Mawr, Penn. Am. reporter (Washington bureau chief) Arthur Krock (b. 1887) on Apr. 11. Am. "Madame Defarge in "A Tale of Two Cities" Blanche Yurka (b. 1887) on June 6 in New York City (arteriosclerosis). Italian psychiatrist Roberto Assagioli (b. 1888) on Aug. 23 in Capolona d'Arezzo. Canadian politician M.J. (James William) Coldwell (b. 1888) on Aug. 25; head of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (New Dem. Party) in 1942-60. Canadian-born Am. M1 rifle designer John Cantius Garand (b. 1888) on Feb. 16 in Springfield, Mass. Am. electronics engineer-inventor Alfred N. Goldsmith (b. 1888) on July 2. Ukrainian-born Am. impressario Sol Hurok (b. 1888) on Mar. 5 in New York City; dies after visiting Andres Segovia. Swedish-born Am. silent film actress Anna Q. Nilsson (b. 1888) on Feb. 11 in Hemet, Calif. (heart failure). Am. poet-critic John Crowe Ransom (b. 1888) on July 4 in Gambier, Ohio. Colombian pres. (1938-42) Eduardo Santos (b. 1888) on Mar. 27 in Bogota. French philosopher Jean Wahl (b. 1888) oon June 19 in Paris. Am. non-objective artist and children's book writer James H. Daughtery (b. 1889) on Feb. 21. German "The Holy Mountain" dir. Arnold Fanck (b. 1889) on Sept. 28 in Freiburg im Breisgau. Am. conservative oil billionaire H.L. Hunt (b. 1889) on Nov. 29 in Dallas, Tex. Am. dean of political journalists Walter Lippmann (b. 1889) on Dec. 14 in New York City. Romanian-born Austrian-Am. psychiatrist Jacob Levy Moreno (b. 1889) on May 14 in Beacon, N.Y. British Air Marshal Sir Patrick Playfair (b. 1889) on Nov. 23 in Newmarket, Suffolk. Israeli pres. #3 (1963-73) Schneor Zalman Shazar (b. 1889) on Oct. 5. Greek sculptor Michael Tombros (b. 1889) on May 28 in Athens. Am. electronics engineer (Raytheon Corp. co-founder) Vannevar Bush (b. 1890) on June 28 in Belmont, Mass. (pneumonia); dir. of the Office of Scientific Research and Development in WWII, in charge of radar and the A-bomb. Am. Repub. Penn. gov. George H. Earle III (b. 1890) on Dec. 30. Polish-born Am. restauranteur Nathan Handwerker (b. 1890) on Mar. 24; co-founder with wife Ida of Nathan's Famous Inc. Canadian hockey player Smokey Harris (b. 1890) on June 4. Swiss composer Frank Martin (b. 1890) on Nov. 21 in Naarden, Netherlands. Japanese chief justice (1950-61) Kotaro Tanaka (b. 1890) on Mar. 1; judge on the Internat. Court of Justice in 1961-70. English-born Am. physical chemist Sir Hugh Taylor (b. 1890) on Apr. 17; dean of the Princeton U. Grad. School. Swiss diplomat-historian Carl Jacob Burckhardt (b. 1891) on Mar. 3 in Vinzel. English nuclear physicist (discoverer of the neutron) Sir James Chadwick (b. 1891) on July 24 in Cambridge. Am. Stubebaker pres. Paul Gray Hoffman (b. 1891) on Oct. 8 in New York City; first admin. of the Marshall Plan for Europe (1948-50). British fashion designer Edward H. Molyneux (b. 1891) on Mar. 23 in Monte Carlo: "Clothes must make us look our best, better than we really are." Swedish "Barabbas" playwright-poet-novelist Par Fabian Lagerkvist (b. 1891) on July 11 in Stockholm; 1951 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. writer-publisher Harold Loeb (b. 1891) on Jan. 20; model for the char. Robert Cohn in Ernest Hemingway's 1926 "The Sun Also Rises". Am. "Melancholy Baby" vaudeville-burlesque star Blossom Seeley (b. 1891) on Apr. 17; teamed with her hubby Benny Fields. USAF gen. Carl A. Spaatz (b. 1891) on July 14 in Washington, D.C. U.S. chief justice #14 (1953-69) Earl Warren (b. 1891) on July 9 in Washington, D.C. Am. Jewish philosopher-historian Nima H. Adlerblum (b. 1892). German psychologist-anthropologist Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss (b. 1892) on Jan. 13. Irish actress Patricia Collinge (b. 1892) on Apr. 10 in New York City (heart attack). U.S. Rep. (D-N.C.) Carl T. Durham (b. 1892) on Apr. 29. Canadian poet-composer Kenneth Leslie (b. 1892) on Oct. 7. French "The Creation of the World" composer Darius Milhaud (b. 1892) on June 22 in Geneva, Switzerland; wrote 15 operas and 13 ballets. German-born. Am. "Elizabeth Barrett Browning in The Barretts of Wimpole Street" stage actress Katharine Cornell (b. 1893) on June 8/9 in Tisbury, Mass. (pneumonia). Jerusalem Grand Mufti Haj Amin el-Husseini (b. 1893) on July 4. Am. children's author-illustrator Lois Lenski (b. 1893) on Sept. 11. Am. historian Margaret Leech Pulitzer (b. 1893) on Feb. 24 in New York City (stroke): "Writing history requires much that is necessary in fiction. That is, you must have your own light, your own point of view for each scene." Am. "Hmmm-m-m-m" actor-comedian Jack Benny (b. 1894) on Dec. 26 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (pancreatic cancer); "Age is strictly a case of mind over matter - if you don't mind, it doesn't matter"; "I didn't put Waukegan on the map, Waukegan put me on the map." Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose (b. 1894) on Feb. 4 in Calcutta. Am. "The Real McCoys" actor Walter Brennan (b. 1894) on Sept. 21 in Oxnard, Calif. (emphysema). Am. "voice of Humbert the Huntsman in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" actor Stuart Buchanan (b. 1894) on Feb. 4 in Cleveland, Ohio. Am. aviation Cord Automobile founder Errett Lobban Cord (b. 1894) on Jan. 2 in Reno, Nev. (cancer). Am. ambassador Lewis W. Douglas (b. 1894) on Mar. 7 in Tucson, Ariz. Russian-born Am. aircraft designer Alexander P. de Seversky (b. 1894) on Aug. 24 in New York City. Am. college guide editor Clarence E. Lovejoy (b. 1894) on Jan. 16. Canadian Toronto archbishop (1934-71) cardinal James McGuigan (b. 1894) on Apr. 8. Russian-born Am. aeronautical engineer Alexander P. de Seversky (b. 1894). Am. basketball coach Phog Allen (b. 1885) on Sept. 16 in Lawrence, Kan. Am. Abbott & Costello comedian Bud Abbott (b. 1895) on Apr. 24 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (cancer); dies broke. Am. nat. security advisor Robert Cutler (b. 1895). Palestinian Arab nationalist grand mufti of Jerusalem (1921-48) Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (b. 1895) on July 4 in Beirut, Lebanon. Welsh poet-painter David M. Jones (b. 1895). French "Marius", "Fanny", "Cesar" novelist-playwright-filmmaker Marcel Pagnol (b. 1895) on Apr. 18 in Paris. Argentine pres. (1946-55, 1973-4) Juan Peron (b. 1895) on July 1 in Buenos Aires. Am. "Who's Sorry Now?" songwriter Harry Ruby (b. 1895) on Feb. 23 in Woodland Hills, Calif. Russian-born Am. actress Olga Baclanova (b. 1896) on Sept. 6 in Vevey, Switzerland. English poet Edmund Blunden (b. 1896) on Jan. 20. Am. Farrar, Straus & Giroux publisher John C. Farrar (b. 1896) on Nov. 5 in New York City. U.S. Sen. (D-N.C.) (1958-73) B. Everett Jordan (b. 1896) on Mar. 15. English monk-historian David Knowles (b. 1896) on Nov. 21 in Cambridge. Indian politician-diplomat V.K. Krishna Menon (b. 1896) on Oct. 6 in Delhi: "That expression 'positive neutrality' is a contradiction in terms. There can be no more positive neutrality than there can be a vegetarian tiger." Am. Bible scholar James Muilenburg (b. 1896) on May 10; worked on the RSV of the Bible (1952). Mexican muralist Jose David Alfaro Siqueiros (b. 1896) on Jan. 6 in Cuernavaca, Morelos. English "Dancing for Diaghilev" ballerina Lydia Sokolova (b. 1896). U.S. rear Adm. Lewis L. Strauss (b. 1896) on Jan. 21 in Brandy Station, Va.; AEC chmn. (1953-8). Soviet #1 WWII hero ("the Eisenhower of Russia") marshal Georgi Konstantinovich Zhukov (b. 1896) on June 18 in Moscow. Italian aircraft designer Robert Bartini (b. 1897) on Dec. 6 in Moscow, Russia. English physicist P.M.S. Blackett (b. 1897) on July 13 in London; 1948 Nobel Physics Prize. Am. actress Betty Compson (b. 1897) on Apr. 18 in Glendale, Calif. (heart attack). U.S. Rep. (D-N.C.) (1935-67) Harold D. Cooley (b. 1897) on Jan. 15. Indian defense minister (1957-62) V.K. Krishna Menon (b. 1897) on Oct. 6. Irish novelist-playwright Kate O'Brien (b. 1897) on Aug. 13 in Canterbury, England. Am. NAACP chmn. (1961-74) Bishop Stephen Gill Spottswood (b. 1897) on Dec. 1. Soviet Gen. Ivan Alexeyevich Susloparov (b. 1897) on Dec. 16 in Moscow. Italian papal diplomat Cardinal Ildebrando Antoniutti (b. 1898) on Aug. 1. German Puma founder Rudolf Dassler (b. 1898) on Oct. 27 in Herzogenaurach (lung cancer). Chinese Communist gen. Peng Dehuai (b. 1898) on Nov. 29 (cancer); in priz since 1966; the Central Committee exonerates him in 1978. Am. Dem. mayor of Philadelphia (1955-62) Richardson K. Dilworth (b. 1898) on Jan. 23. Soviet physicist Vladimir Fock (b. 1898) on Dec. 27. Am. "Babies are the most important people" Gerber Products Co. founder Daniel F. Gerber (b. 1898) on Mar. 16 in Fremont, Mich.; his co. has 60% of the U.S. baby food market with sales of $278M/year. Am. Planned Parenthood Fed. of America pres. (1962-74) Alan F. Guttmacher (b. 1898) on Mar. 18 in New York City. Algerian politician Ahmed Messali Hadj (b. 1898) on June 3 in Paris. Am. N.C. gov. (1954-60) and U.S. commerce secy. (1961-4) Luther H. Hodges (b. 1898) on Oct. 6. U.S. Rep. (D-Calif.) (1942-67) Cecil R. King (b. 1898) on Mar. 17. French playwright Marcel Archard (b. 1899). Austrian tenor Julius Patzak (b. 1898) on Jan. 26 in Rottach-Egnern, Bavaria. Bulgarian-born Swiss-Am. astronomer Fritz Zwicky (b. 1898) on Feb. 8 in Pasadena, Calif. French playwright Marcel Achard (b. 1899) on Sept. 4 in Paris (diabetes). Guatemalan novelist-poet-diplomat Miguel Angel Asturias (b. 1899) on June 9 in Madrid; 1967 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. jazzman Duke Ellington (b. 1899) on May 24 in New York City (lung cancer); wrote 6K+ musical pieces, incl. five movie scores: "Music is my mistress, and she plays second fiddle to no one"; "Love is indescribable and unconditional. I could tell you a thousand things that it is not, but not one that it is." Austrian pres. (1965-74) Franz Jonas (b. 1899) on Apr. 23. German "Emil and the Detectives" children's writer Erich Kaestner (b. 1899) on July 29 in Munich. English novelist Eric Linklater (b. 1899) on Nov. 7 in Aberdeen, Scotland. Russian-born Am. realist artist Moses Soyer (b. 1899) on Sept. 3 in New York City; known for painting murals in govt. bldgs. for the WPA in the 1930s. English "The Man Who Knew Too Much" actress Edna Best (b. 1900) on Sept. 18 in Geneva, Switzerland. Scottish historian Sir Denis W. Brogan (b. 1900) on Jan. 5. Am. New Yorker cartoonist Alan Dunn (b. 1900) on May 20; produced 1,906 drawings and nine covers between Aug. 7, 1926 and May 6, 1974. English Prince Henry William Frederick Albert, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900) on June 10; uncle of Elizabeth II, and last surviving son of George V. Am. "Information Please Almanac" ed. Don Golenpaul (b. 1900) on Feb. 13 in New York City. Am. Md. Repub. gov. (1951-9) Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin (b. 1900) on Aug. 10; 2x mayor of Baltimore. Am. "Endora on Bewitched" actress Agnes Moorehead (b. 1900) on Apr. 30 in Rochester, Minn. (lung cancer); appeared in 100+ movies. U.S. Sen. (D-Ore.) Wayne L. Morse (b. 1900) on July 22; early critic of the Vietnam war; loses seat in 1968. U.S. Sen. (1949-74) (R-S.D.) Karl E. Mundt (b. 1900) on Aug. 16. Am. New Testament scholar Ernest Cadman Colwell (b. 1901) on Sept. 12; pres. of the U. of Chicago from 1945-51. English-born U.S. Salvation Army nat. cmdr. Samuel Hepburn (b. 1901) on Aug. 28. Estonian-born Am. architect Louis Isadore Kahn (b. 1901) on Mar. 17 in New York City; dies of a heart attack in Penn. Station after returning from India, causing his wife to call all over the world looking for him while his body rests in the city morgue for three days, after which she finds that he has fathered a son and daughter with two other women; designed the Yale Art Gallery and the Salk Inst. for Biological Studies in La Jolla, Calif.: "I asked the brick what it wanted, and the brick replied, 'I want to be an arch'"; "The Sun never knew how great it was until it hit the side of a building"; "[Architecture] may be expressed as a world within a world." Greek archeologist Spyridon Marinatos (b. 1901) on Oct. 1 in Santorini (stroke). New Zealand diplomat Sir Leslie Munro (b. 1901) on Feb. 13; pres. of the U.N. Gen. Assembly 1957-8. Am. avant-garde composer Harry Partch (b. 1901) on Sept. 3 in San Diego, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "On with the shoe" (1948-71) entertainer Ed Sullivan (b. 1901) on Oct. 13 in New York City (esophageal cancer). Mexican "Father of modern Mexican education" Jaime Torres Bodet (b. 1902) on May 13; dir. of UNESCO in 1948-52. Czech novelist Jan Cep (b. 1902). Am. UFO-nixing physicist Edward Uhler Condon (b. 1902) on Mar. 26. Am. "Three Stooges" actor Larry Fine (b. 1902) on Jan. 24 in Woodland Hills, Calif. English novelist Georgette Heyer (b. 1902) on July 4 in London; wrote 50+ books, mostly historical novels set in Regency, England. Austrian conductor-violinist Josef Alois Krips (b. 1902) on Oct. 13 in Geneva, Switzerland. Soviet Adm. Nikolai G. Kuznetsov (b. 1902) on Dec. 8. Am. aviator (first man to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic) Charles Lindbergh (b. 1902) on Aug. 26 in Maui, Hawaii (lymphoma); in 2003 it is revealed that he kept a secret 2nd family in Europe. Ukrainian-born "The Snake Pit" dir. Anatole Litvak (b. 1902) on Dec. 15 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Am. feminist leader Lillian D. Rock (b. 1902) on May 14; founder (1935) of the League for a Woman President and Vice-President. Italian "Shoeshine", "The Bicycle Thief" film dir. Vittorio De Sica (b. 1902) on Nov. 13 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France (lung cancer): "Moral indignation is in most cases two percent moral, 48 percent indignation, and 50 percent envy." Russian-born Canadian ballet school founder Boris Volkoff (b. 1902) on Mar. 11. English writer-critic Cyril Connolly (b. 1903) on Nov. 26: "Better to write for yourself and have no public, than to write for the public and have no self." Am. newspaper pub. James Middleton Cox Jr. (b. 1903) on Oct. 27; a big friend of JFK, he flopped and backed Nixon in 1972. German aircraft control engineer Irmgard Flugge-Lotz (b. 1903) on May 22. Am. artist Adolph Gottlieb (b. 1903) on Mar. 4. English novelist Walter Greenwood (b. 1903) on Sept. 13 in Douglas, Isle of Man. Am. "Strike It Rich" TV host Warren Hull (b. 1903) on Sept. 14 in Waterbury, Conn. (heart failure). Am. actor Chubby Johnson (b. 1903) on Oct. 31 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. civil rights celeb Alberta King (Mrs. Martin Luther King Sr. (b. 1903) on June 30 in Atlanta, Ga. (murdered); mother of MLK Jr. Polish Breslau (Wroclaw) archbishop (since 1956) Cardinal Boleslaw Kominek (b. 1903) on Mar. 10. Canadian Gen. Guy G. Simonds (b. 1903) on May 15. U.S. diplomat Charles E. "Chip" E. Bohlen (b. 1904) on Jan. 1/2 in Washington, D.C. (cancer); spent more time with Stalin than any other American. Am. actor-football player Johnny Mack Brown (b. 1904) on Nov. 14 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (heart failure); appeared in 160+ films, mostly B-Westerns. Am. New York Times columnist Arthur J. Daley (b. 1904) on Jan. 3. Am. "You are what you eat" natural food evangelist Adelle Davis (b. 1904) on May 31 in Palos Verdes, Calif. (bone marrow cancer); never say die, she blames it on eating junk food until the 1950s. Canadian painter William Goodridge Roberts (b. 1904) on Jan. 28 in Montreal. Am. "Charley Weaver" actor Cliff Arquette (b. 1905) on Sept. 23 in Burbank, Calif. (stroke). English novelist H.E. Bates (b. 1905) on Jan. 29 in Canterbury, Kent. Am. "Cinderella Man" heavyweight boxing champ (1935-7) James J. Braddock (b. 1905) on Nov. 29 in North Bergen, N.J. Irish pres. #4 (1973-4) Erskine Hamilton Childers (b. 1905) on Nov. 17 in Dublin (heart attack); dies in the middle of a speech. French Jesuit theologian Jean Cardinal Danielou (b. 1905) on May 20. Am. "On the Sunny Side of the Street" lyricist Dorothy Fields (b. 1905) on Mar. 28 in New York City (stroke). French composer Andre Jolivet (b. 1905) on Dec. 20 in Paris; "True French music owes nothing to Stravinsky." Am. country singer-actor Tex Ritter (b. 1905) on Jan. 2 in Nashville, Tenn.; made 78 Western movies. U.S. Rep. (D-Calif.) John F. Shelley (b. 1905) on Sept. 1; mayor of San Francisco in 1964-7. Czech Cardinal Stepan Trochta (b. 1905) on Apr. 6; sent to prison for espionage in 1954, and returned to office in 1968. Am. cultural biologist-zoologist Marston Bates (b. 1906) on Apr. 3. Am. geophysicist-oceanographer W. Maurice Ewing (b. 1906) on May 4 in Galveston, Tex. U.S. Rep. (R-N.H.) (1943-63) Chester E. Merrow (b. 1906) on Feb. 10; turns Dem. in 1970 - is he smarter than a fifth grader? Australian media mogul Sir Frank Packer (b. 1906) on May 1 in Sydney, N.S.W. Canadian radio-TV pioneer Andrew Allen (b. 1907) on Jan. 15. British journalist-MP Richard Crossman (b. 1907) on Apr. 5 in London. Pakistani pres. (1958-69) Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan (b. 1907) on Apr. 19 near Islamabad. U.S. Rep. (D-Conn.) (1959-63) Frank Kowalski (b. 1907) on Oct. 11. Am. actress Florence Rice (b. 1907) on Feb. 23 in Honolulu, Hawaii (lung cancer). German Hitler Youth leader Baldur von Schirach (b. 1907) on Aug. 8 in Krov; "Well, I never saw a Boy Scout take apart an automatic rifle and reassemble it in a minute flat" (reply by U.S. guard Eddie Di Palma to his comparison of the Hitler Youth to the Boy Scouts). British "The Ascent of Man" biologist Jacob Bronowski (b. 1908) on Aug. 22 in East Hampton, Long Island, N.Y. (automobile accident): "Science, like art, is not a copy of nature but a re-creation of her." Am. "Green Acres" actor Rufe Davis (b. 1908) on Dec. 13 in Torrance, Calif. U.S. Sen. (R-Calif.) William Fife Knowland (b. 1908) on Feb. 23 near Guerneville, Calif. (suicide); Senate Repub. Leader in 1953-8, and publisher of the Oakland Tribune. U.S. Rep. (R-Maine) (1951-65) Clifford G. McIntire (b. 1908) on Oct. 1. Russian violinist David Oistrakh (b. 1908) on Oct. 24 in Amsterdam, Holland (heart attack). Ukrainian gen. Alexander Saburov (b. 1908) on Apr. 15. German "Schindler's List" hero Oskar Schindler (b. 1908) on Oct. 9 in Hildesheim, West Germany (liver failure); abandoned his wife and mistress in Argentina in 1958 to fly back and forth from Germany to Israel to be with his Schindlerjuden. Am. Western singer-actor Tim Spencer (b. 1908) on Apr. 26 in Apple Valley, Calif. Hungarian-born British writer Paul Tabori (b. 1908) on Nov. 9. Am. etiquette columnist Amy Vanderbilt (b. 1908) on Dec. 27 in New York City; dies of injuries sustained from a fall from a 2nd floor window. Am. Apgar Test physician Virginia Apgar (b. 1909) on Aug. 7 in New York City. Am. country singer Johnny Barfield (b. 1909) on Jan. 16. German gymnast Konrad Frey (b. 1909) on May 24. U.S. 10-term Rep. (R-Calif.) Charles M. Teague (b. 1909) on Jan. 1. Burmese U.N. secy.-gen. (1961-71) U Thant (b. 1909) on Nov. 25 in New York City. Am. Duke Ellington Band jazz saxophonist Harry H. Carney (b. 1910) on Oct. 8 in New York City. Am. educator Margaret Clapp (b. 1910) on May 3. Am. baseball hall-of-fame pitcher and sportscaster Dizzy Dean (b. 1910) on July 17; 150-83 career record: "Slud into third"; "The players returned to their respectable bases." Am. choreographer Jack Cole (b. 1911) on Feb. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. French ambassador Christian Fouchet (b. 1911) on Aug. 11; "More Gaullist than de Gaulle." Am. ski instructor Hans Hauser (b. 1911). Am. "Huntley-Brinkley Report" (1956-70) TV journalist Chet Huntley (b. 1911) on Mar. 20 in Big Sky, Mont. (lung cancer); "Good night, David; Good night, Chet". French PM (1962-8) and pres. (1969-74) Georges Pompidou (b. 1911) on Apr. 2 in Paris (cancer). Am. CIA mystery man Clay Laverne Shaw (b. 1913) on Aug. 15 in New Orleans, La. (lung cancer). Am. Army chief of staff Gen. Creighton W. Abrams (b. 1914) on Sept. 4 in Washington, D.C. (lung surgery); cmdr. of U.S. forces in South Vietnam 1968-73. Am. journalist and political analyst Stewart Alsop (b. 1914) on May 26 in Washington, D.C. (leukemia). Am. choreographer Jack Cole (b. 1914). Am. "Batman", "Joker" cartoonist Bill Finger (b. 1914) on Jan. 18 in Manhattan, N.Y. Italian dir. Pietro Germi (b. 1914) on Dec. 5 in Rome. Am. "World Book" publisher Bailey K. Howard (b. 1914) on Aug. 12. Am. Slinky inventor Richard Thompson James (b. 1914) in Bolivia. Am. world light-heavyweight boxing champ (1935-9) John Henry Lewis (b. 1914) on Apr. 18. Am. actor Curt Conway (b. 1915) on Apr. 10 (heart attack). Am. "Captain Video", "Commander Cody" actor Judd Holdren (b. 1915) on Mar. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. (suicide). British "We'll Meet Again", "There'll Always Be an England" lyricist-composer Ross Parker (b. 1915) on Aug. 2. Am. hormone scientist Earl W. Sutherland Jr. (b. 1915) on Mar. 9 in Miami, Fla.; 1971 Nobel Medicine Prize. Am. "The Chief in Get Smart" actor Edward Platt (b. 1916) on Mar. 19 in Santa Monica, Calif. (heart attack or suicide?). French fashion designer and composer Jacques Esterel (Charles Martin) (b. 1917) on Apr. 14. Am. neutrino physicist Clyde Cowan (b. 1919) on May 24 in Bethesda, Md. Irish actor Maxwell Reed (b. 1919) on Aug. 16 in London (cancer). Am. IBM exec. Arthur K. Watson (b. 1919) on July 26. Irish "The Longest Day" writer Cornelius Ryan (b. 1920) on Nov. 25 (cancer). Am. football coach (Detroit Lions) Don McCafferty (b. 1921) on July 28. Am. NBC-TV newsman (since 1957) and "Today" host (since 1971) Frank McGee (b. 1921) on Apr. 17 in New York City (bone cancer). Am. "Valley of the Dolls" actress-novelist Jacqueline Susann (b. 1921) on Sept. 21. in New York City (cancer). Hungarian philosopher Imre Lakatos (b. 1922) on Feb. 2 in London (brain hemorrhage). Am. fashion designer Anne Klein (b. 1923) on Mar. 19 in New York City (breast cancer); started the casual yet elegant trend; her protegee Donna Karan takes over her firm. New Zealand PM (1972-4) Norman E. Kirk (b. 1923) on Aug. 31. Am. fashion designer Anne Klein (b. 1923) on Mar. 19 in New York City (breast cancer). Am. "Gunnery Sgt. Vincent Carter in Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." actor Frank Sutton (b. 1923) on June 28 in Shreveport, La. (heart attack). Am. cultural anthropologist Ernest Becker (b. 1924) on Mar. 6 in Vancouver, B.C., Canada (cancer). Am. constitutional expert Alexander M. Bickel (b. 1924) on Nov. 7. Am. "Capt. Binghampton in McHale's Navy" Joe Flynn (b. 1924) on July 19 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (drowned in swimming pool) - he always seemed to be over fifty? Am. "Dr. McKinley Thompson in Breaking Point" actor Paul Richards (b. 1924) on Dec. 10 in Culver City, Calif. (cancer). Canadian broadcaster Bruce Marsh (b. 1925) on Mar. 16. Am. "Prof. Harold Everett in Nanny and the Professor" actor Richard Long (b. 1927) on Dec. 21 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. expatriate "South Street" novelist-journalist William Gardner Smith (b. 1927) on Nov. 5 in Thiais (near Paris), France (cancer). Am. poet Anne Sexton (b. 1928) on Oct. 4 in Weston, Mass. (suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning in her garage after having lunch with fellow poet Maxine Kumin; she has terminal cancer): "In a dream you are never eighty." Canadian hockey defenseman (Buffalo Sabres) Tim Horton (b. 1930) on Feb. 21 in St. Catharines, Ont. (automobile crash). Am. hall-of-fame bowler Billy Welu (b. 1932) on May 16 (heart attack). Am. "Moanin'", "Dat Dere" jazz pianist-composer Bobby Timmons (b. 1935) on Mar. 1 in New York City (cirrhosis of the liver). Am. race car driver Peter Revson (b. 1939) on Mar. 22 in Kyalami, South Africa; dies in a car crash during a practice run for the South Africa Grand Prix; last U.S.-born driver to win a Formula One race (until ?). Am. "The Mamas and the Papas" pop singer "Mama" Cass Elliott (b. 1941) on July 29 in London, England (heart failure); dies in bed at 9 Curzon Pl. #12, where Keith Moon dies in 1978 - all-you-can-eat disease? Am. drag queen Candy Darling (b. 1944) on Mar. 21 (leukemia). Am. celeb Pamela Susan Courson (b. 1946) on Apr. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heroin OD). Am. serial murderer Paul John Knowles (b. 1946) on Dec. 18 in Georgia; killed on I-20 en route to Henry County, Ga. while attempting to escape. English rock singer-songwriter Nick Drake (b. 1948) on Nov. 25 in Far Leys, Tanworth-in-Arden, Warwickshire (OD). Am. "Harold Sport Baxter in Hazel" actor Bobby Buntrock (b. 1952) on Apr. 7 in Keystone, S.D. (automobile accident).



1975 - The Deep Gloom Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald Women's Year? King Nixon dethroned and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer in the White House, the U.S. loses its first war, albeit undeclared, abandoning millions to die in Cambodia and East Timor, but Americans don't care because their astronauts shook hands with the Russkies in orbit and now they're going Disco? Portugal lets go of its African colonies? A good year to be a Third World Communist, a woman or a geek? U.S. TV shows get comfortably ethnic?

Bill Gates (1955-) and Paul Allen (1953-2018) Henry Edward Roberts (1941-2010) Byte Magazine, 1975-98 Viking 1, 1975 Aryabhatta Satellite, 1975 Pol Pot of Cambodia (1928-98) Pol Pot's Pots Nuon Chea of Cambodia North Vietnamese Gen. Van Tien Dung (1917-2002) Vu Van Mau of South Vietnam (1914-98) South Vietnamese Gen. Duong Van Minh (1916-2001) Nguyen Huu Tho of Vietnam (1910-96) John Paul Stevens of the U.S. (1920-) Richard Bruce 'Dick' Cheney (1941-) and Donald Henry Rumsfeld of the U.S. (1932-2021) Max Baucus of the U.S. (1941-) Tom Harkin of the U.S. (1939-) George Miller III of the U.S. (1945-) Rick Nolan of the U.S. (1943-) Henry Waxman of the U.S. (1939-) Patrick Leahy of the U.S. (1940-) Walter Washington of the U.S. (1915-2003) John Malcolm Fraser of Australia (1930-2015) King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia (1912-82) Juan Carlos I of Spain (1938-) Gustav Husak of Czechoslovakia (1913-91) Adm. Jose Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo of Portugal (1917-83) Alvaro Cunhal of Portugal (1913-2005) Jonas Savimbi of Angola (1934-2002) Antonio Agostinho Neto of Angola (1922-79) Chiang Ching-kuo of Taiwan (1910-88) Prince Souphanouvong of Laos (1909-95) Kaysone Phomvihane of Laos (1920-92) Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia (1934-2012) Didier Ratsiraka of Madagascar (1936-) Konstantine Tsatsos of Greece (1899-1987) Gyorgy Lazar of Hungary (1924-) William Richards Bennett of Canada (1932-) Marien Ngouabi of the Republic of Congo (1938-77) Henck A.E. Arron of Suriname (1936-2000) Jose Manual Ramos-Horta of East Timor (1949-) Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo of East Timor (1948-) Scoop Jackson of the U.S. (1912-83) Charles Albert Vanik of the U.S. (1913-2007) Richard Norman Perle of the U.S. (1941-) Donna Edna Shalala of the U.S. (1941-) Joseph W. Hatchett of the U.S. (1932-) Israel Harold Asper of Canada (1932-2003) Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa (1931-) Lynnette Alice 'Squeaky' Fromme (1948-) Sandra Collins Good (1944-) Sara Jane Moore (1930-) Oliver W. Sipple (1941-89) SS Edmund Fitzgerald (-1975) Ahmadou Ahidjo of Cameroon (1924-89) Juan Alberto Melgar Castro of Honduras (1930-87) Francisco Morales Bermudez of Peru (1921-) Samora Moisés Machel of Mozambique (1933-86) Gen. Felix Malloum of Chad (1932-) Gen. Murtala Rufai (Ramat) Mohammed of Nigeria (1938-76) Lt. Col. Richard Ratsimandrava of Madagascar (1931-75) Aristides Pereira of Cape Verde Islands (1923-) Maj. Pedro Pires of Cape Verde Islands (1934-) Manuel Pinto da Costa of Sao Tome and Principe (1937-) Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane of Comoros (1919-89) Ali Soilih of Comoros (1937-78) Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad of Bangladesh (1918-96) Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem of Bangladesh (1916-97) U.S Cpl. Darwin Lee Judge (1956-75) U.S. Cpl. Charles McMahon (1953-75) Alexei Aleksandrovich Gubarev of the Soviet Union (1931-) Georgi Mikhailovich Grechko of the Soviet Union (1931-) Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov of the Soviet Union (1934-) Valery Nikolayevich Kubasov of the Soviet Union (1935-) Philip Handler (1917-81) Thomas Patten Stafford of the U.S. (1930-) Deke Slayton of the U.S. (1924-93) Vance DeVoe Brand of the U.S. (1931-) Hanna-Elise Krabbe (1945-) Daniel Patrick Moynihan of the U.S. (1927-2003) Edmund Gerald 'Jerry' Brown Jr. of the U.S. (1938-) Dick Lamm of the U.S. (1935-) John Denver (1943-97) David Hartman (1935-) Joan Lunden (1950-) Peter Jennings (1938-2005) Cherie Clark (1945-) William Cornelius Sullivan of the U.S. (1912-77) Richard Art Viguerie (1933-) Dame Whina Cooper of New Zealand (1895-1994) Mother Seton (1774-1821) Soldier of Fortune Magazine, 1975 Tiede Herrema (1921-) Rose Dugdale (1941-) Michael Woodmansee (1959-) Jimmy Hoffa (1913-75?) Tony Provenzano (1917-88) Tony Giacalone (1919-2001) Peter Lorenz of West Germany (1923-87) Donald Neilson (1936-) Norman Scott (1940-) and Jeremy Thorpe (1929-) of Britain Jack R. Coler (1947-75) and Ronald A. Williams (1948-75) of the U.S. Juanita Joan Nielsen (1937-75) Leonard Peltier (1944-) Peter William Sutcliffe (1946-) Yorkshire Ripper Victims, 1975-80 Joe Stuntz Killsright (-1975) Eli M. Black (1921-75) Pablo Escobar (1949-93) Carlos Lehder (1949-) Jorge Luis Ochoa Vasquez (1950-) Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha (1947-89) Carlos the Jackal (1949-) Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan of Pakistan (1936-) Imam W. Deen Mohammed (1933-2008) Israr Ahmed of Pakistan (1932-2010) Jalal Talabani of Kurdistan (1933-) Karen Ann Quinlan (1954-85) Hans Walter Kosterlitz (1903-96) E.O. Wilson (1929-2021) Daniel Joseph Boorstin (1914-2004) Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934-) Elias Khoury (1948-) Benny Parsons (1941-2007) The Thrilla in Manila, Oct. 1, 1975 Pelé (1940-) Arthur Ashe of the U.S. (1943-) Manuel Orantes of Spain (1949-) Martina Navratilova (1956-) Ross Grimsley II (1950-) Bernie Carbo (1947-) Carlton Fiske (1947-) Pete Rose (1942-) Franco Harris (1950-) Rudy Ruettiger (1948-) Walter Payton (1954-99) Roger Staubach (1942-) Lee Elder (1934-) Earl Anthony (1938-2001) 'Earl Anthony's Million Dollar Strike' by LeRoy Neiman (1921-2012), 1982 Niki Lauda (1949-) James Hunt (1947-93) Al Attles (1936-) Al Attles (1936-) K.C. Jones (1932-) K.C. Jones (1932-) Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1947-) Bob 'Hound' Kelly (1950-) Bernie Parent (1945-) Anatoly Karpov (1951-) Vogalonga Race, May 8, 1975 Filbert Bayi of Tanganyika (1953-) John George Walker of New Zealand (1952-) Junko Tabei of Japan (1939-2016) Avram Hershko (1937-) Aaron Ciechanover (1947-) Irwin A. Rose (1926-) Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (1921-89) Eugenio Montale (1896-1981) Leo James Rainwater (1917-86) Ben Roy Mottelson (1926-) Aage Niels Bohr (1922-) John Warcup Cornforth (1917-2013) Vladimir Prelog (1906-98) Howard Martin Temin (1934-94) David L. Baltimore (1938-) Joan A. Steitz (1941-) Renato Dulbecco (1914-2012) Herbert Gutman (1928-85) Leonid Kantorovich (1912-86) Tjalling Charles Koopmans (1910-85) Mary Leakey (1913-96) Wallace Smith Broecker (1931-) Günter Blobel (1936-2018) Cesar Milstein (1927-2002) Georges Jean Franz Köhler (1946-95) Niels Kaj Jerne (1911-94) Hans Walter Kosterlitz (1903-96) Archie Fairly Carr Jr. (1909-87) John Cocke (1925-2002) Mitchell Jay Feigenbaum (1944-) Oliver Eaton Williamson (1932-) Jack Sarfatti (1939-) William Jefferson 'Bill' Clinton (1946-) Paula Jones (1966-) Benoit B. Mandelbrot (1924-2010) Gary Dahl (1936-2015) Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89) Lisa Alther (1944-) Michael A. Aquino (1946-) Nancy Kimball Austin (1949-) Saul Bellow (1915-2005) Delmore Schwartz (1913-66) Robert Zajonc (1923-2008) Herbert Benson (1935-) Alfred Bester (1913-87) Wilfred Bion (1897-1979) Judy Blume (1938-) Kay Boyle (1902-92) Thomas Wardell Braden (1918-) Anthony Cave Brown (1929-2006) Susan Brownmiller (1935-) John Brunner (1934-95) Zsuzsanna Budapest (1940-) Ernest Callenbach (1929-) Fritjof Capra (1939-) Turner Cassity (1929-2009) Fred Chappell (1936-) Peter Gwynne (1942-) Joan Halifax (1942-) Mary Higgins Clark (1927-) James Clavell (1924-94) John Crowley (1942-) David Brion Davis (1927-) Ed Bullins (1935-) Christopher Henry Dawson (1889-1970) Samuel R. Delany (1942-) Colin Dexter (1930-) E.L. Doctorow (1931-) Andre Dubus (1936-99) Lin Farley (1942-) Antony Flew (1923-) Paul Fussell Jr. (1924-2012 William Gaddis (1922-98) E.J. Gold (1941-) Joy Harjo (1951-) Thomas Harris (1940-) Jack Higgins (1929-) Charles Higham (1931-2012) Christopher Hills (1926-97) Jim Hightower (1943-) David Irving (1938-) Clive James (1939-) Gayl Jones (1949-) John Alva Keel (1930-2009) Imre Kertesz (1929-) Bernard Kliban (1935-90) Phillip Knightley (1929-) Robin Lakoff (1942-) Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1929-) Primo Levi (1919-87) R.W.B. Lewis (1917-2002) Dumas Malone (1892-1986) David Mamet (1947-) Ian McEwan (1948-) Larry McMurtry (1936-) Ross McWhirter (1925-75) Fatema Mernissi (1940-) Leonard Michaels (1933-2003) Raymond Moody (1944-) David Nobbs (1935-) Robert Patrick (1937-) Robert Pinsky (1940-) Sylvia Porter (1913-91) Judith Rossner (1935-2005) 'Looking for Mr. Goodbar' by Judith Rossner (1935-2005), 1975 Joanna Russ (1937-2011) 'The Female Man' by Joanna Russ (1937-2011), 1975 Gabrielle Roth (1941-2012) Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007) Robert Joseph Shea (1933-94) Gail Sheehy (1937-) Peter Singer (1946-) Patricia Meyer Spacks (1929-) Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007) Charles Robert Schwab Jr. (1937-) Dr. Gene Scott (1929-2005) Pastor Melissa Scott (1969-) Elizabeth Clare Prophet (1939-2009) Mark L. Prophet (1918-73) Helen Schucman (1909-81) William Thetford (1923-88) E.P. Thompson (1924-93) Anita Shreve (1946-) Patrick Swayze (1952-2009) Travis Walton (1953-) Zig Ziglar (1926-2012) 'Baretta' starring Robert Blake (1933-), 1975-8 'Barney Miller', 1975-82 'The Blue Knight', 1975-6 'One Day at a Time', 1975-84 'Ryans Hope', 1975-89 'Starsky and Hutch', 1975-9 'Welcome Back, Kotter', 1975-9 'Saturday Night Live', 1975- 'American Buffalo', 1975 'Chicago', 1975 'Shenandoah', 1975 'Jaws', 1975 Frank Mundus (1925-2008) 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail', 1975 'One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest' starring Jack Nicholson (1937-), 1975 'Rooster Cogburn', 1975 Michael Douglas (1944-) 'Shampoo', 1975 'Tommy', 1975 'Winstanley', 1975 AC/DC America Barbi Benton (1950-) Blondie Climax Blues Band Eric Carmen (1949-) Keith Carradine (1949-) Journey Fleetwood Mac The Ramones Rainbow Shirley and Company Bruce Springsteen (1949-) The Tubes The Captain and Tennille Googoosh (1950-) Emmylou Harris (1947-) Jigsaw Little River Band Van McCoy (1940-79) Gwen McCrae (1943-) Michael Martin Murphey (1945-) Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98) Patti Smith (1946-) Donna Summer (1948-2012) Freddy Fender (1937-2006) Sister Sledge Polly Brown (1947-) Jessi Colter (1947-) 'Feelings' by Morris Albert (1951-), 1975 Giorgio Armani (1934-) Dominick Argento (1927-) Chris de Burgh (1948-) 'Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror', by John Ashbery (1927-2017), 1975 Malcolm Williamson (1931-2003) Claude Bolling (1930-) Jean-Pierre Rampal (1922-2000) Michael Flatley (1958-) Evelyn Mandac (1945-) Bernard Slade (1939-) Charlie Smalls (1943-87) Roger Whittaker (1936-) Michael Bennett (1943-87) 'A Chorus Line', 1975 Richard O'Brien (1942-) 'A Boy and His Dog', 1975 'Wheel of Fortune', 1975- 'The Day of the Locust', 1975 'The Giant Spider Invasion', 1975 'Nashville', 1975 'One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest', 1975 'The Rocky Horror Picture Show', 1975 Lynda Carter (1951-) as Wonder Woman, 1975-9 'The Jeffersons', 1975-85 'Space: 1999', 1975-7 New Orleans Superdome, 1975 Pontiac Silverdome, 1975 Fort Harrison Hotel Beta vs. VHS, 1975-2002 FIM-92 Stinger Sukhoi Su-25 William A. Mitchell (1911-2004) Pop Rocks J. Edgar Hoover Bldg., 1975 Roxborough State Park

1975 Doomsday Clock: 9 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Rabbit (Feb. 11). Time Man of the Year: American Women. Pop.: world: 4.068B, China 843M, India 615M, Soviet Union 255M, U.S. 213M, Japan 112M (vs. 56M in 1920), Cambodia 7M-9M (vs. 4.8M in 1980). Birthrates per 1K: world avg. 19.9, Germany 9.9, U.K. 12.4 (lower than in 1933), U.S. 14.6, China 23.0, Mexico 40.4. The U.S. Consumer Price Index rises by 7% (12.2% last year). The 1973 energy crisis causes France's "30 glorious years" after WWII to end under the helm of pres. Valery Giscard d'Estaing. Despite the recession of 1974-6 the Japanese economy is #3 behind the U.S. (#1) and Soviet Union (#2); Japan spends only 1% of GNP on the military, and the Japanese Ministry of Internat. Trade and Industry (MITI) (founded 1949) plays a key role in backing immense industrial combines (zaibatsu); Japanese exports are $56B, up from $2B in 1955, with 22% going to the U.S., while imports consist mainly of raw materials from the Middle East (oil), SE Asia (wood), and Australia, stirring protests against Japanese protectionism - as if Japanese want shoddy American goods all sized for bigger people? Hourly wages: U.S. $6.22 (vs. $3.15 in 1965), Britain $3.20 ($1.13), Sweden $7.12 ($1.86), Belgium $6.46 ($1.32), West Germany $6.19 ($1.41), France $4.57 ($1.19), Italy $4.52 ($1.10), Japan $3.10 (48 cents); U.S. productivity per worker is 2x that in Britain. Starting this year large numbers of SE Asians (Vietnamese) begin immigrating to the U.S. Model utopian state Sweden decides that its land is no longer just for ethnic Swedes, and opens its arms to multiculturalism; too bad, they totally fail to understand the ancient evil of Islam and how it is becoming resurgent, with mass Muslim immigration turning Sweden into anarchy by? New oil and gas fields are discovered in the North Sea offshore of Norway; on June 11 the first oil is piped ashore from the North Sea at St. Fergus, near Peterhead, Scotland; meanwhile the Pineview Field in Summit County, Utah near the Wyo. border is discovered, along with the 2.3K-mi. Overthrust Belt from Mont. to Ariz., containing 9.7T-20T cu. ft. of natural gas and 1B barrels of oil - take this you Arabs, squirt, squirt, squirt? The PC revolution starts out slow and geeky after the U.S. govt. tries to prevent a monopoly, only to create another? The U.S. Dept. of Justice antitrust suit against IBM (filed by the LBJ admin. in 1969) finally comes to trial, and is settled in IBM's favor even though it is the world's largest co. in terms of stock value, which is greater than the combined value of all the stock of all cos. listed on the Am. Stock Exchange; fear of another lawsuit perhaps keeps it from dominating the PC market, paving the way for the rise of future PC software monopoly Microsoft, which is founded in Albuquerque, N.M. on Apr. 4 by young Wash. State-born geeks William "Bill" Gates III (1955-) and Paul Gardner Allen (1953-2018) after seeing an article in the Jan. issue of Popular Electronics, causing them to drop out of Harvard U. to produce a BASIC interpreter for the first commercial microprocessor, the $379 MITS Altair 8800, introduced on Dec. 19, 1974 by 6'6" 300 lb. Miami, Fla.-born engineer Henry Edward "Ed" Roberts (1941-2010) of Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS) of Albuquerque, N.M. for mail-order enthusiasts, and named for the destination of the Starship Enterprise in "Star Trek: TOS"; it has 256 bytes of memory, toggle switch input, and display light output; MITS ships 2K computers a month; on Nov. 29 Gates first coins the name "Micro-soft" in a letter to Allen, and they leave MITS, then register their TM in N.M. next Nov. 26 (named after their private parts?), and win a lawsuit against Roberts to retain the rights to their software after he sells his co, then move back to Seattle, Wash. in 1978 and turn some property owned by Gates' daddy in Redmond into their campus; the Homebrew Computer Club is founded by Altair 8800 enthusiasts, spawning 23 computer cos., incl. Apple Computer; meanwhile in Sept. geeky Byte Mag. is founded for microcomputer enthusiasts (until July, 1998). In the U.S. soft drinks pass coffee in popularity, passing milk next year. This year the Flynn Effect, which saw avg. IQ increase 0.2 points/year since 1962 reverses to 0.33 avg. decrease/year (until 1991). On Jan. 1 begins the U.N. Internat. Women's Year, which declares 1976-85 as the U.N. Decade for Women; on Jan. 10 Uganda sends Bernadette Olowo to Rome as the first female envoy to the Vatican; on Jan. 15 it is launched in Britain by Princess Alexandra; on Mar. 8 the U.N. begins celebrating Internat. Women's Day; on June 19-July 2 the U.N. World Conference on Women is held in Mexico City to celebrate it; on Dec. 15 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 3520 passes, adopting the World Plan of Action and other resolutions from the conference. On Jan. 1 after a public outcry over losing their prized isolation from mainland Euroe, work is abandoned on the British end of the Chunnel. On Jan. 1 in Cambodia the Khmer Rouge launch the final offensive on Phnom Penh. On Jan. 1 a charter bus carrying 62 passengers plunges 100 ft. into Aoki Lake near Omachi, Nagano, Japan, killing 24. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Ohio State by 18-17 to win the 1975 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 2 the U.S. Congress approves the Federal Rules of Evidence, effective July 1. On Jan. 2 after being appointed mayor-commissioner by Pres. LBJ in 1967, and winning the first mayoral election in 1974, Dawson, Ga.-born Walter Edward Washington (1915-2003) becomes the first home-rule mayor of Washington, D.C. (until Jan. 2, 1979). On Jan. 3 Pres. Ford signs the U.S. Jackson-Vanik Amendment, passed unanimously by both houses of Congress on Dec. 13, sponsored by U.S. Sen. (D-Wash.) Henry Martin "Scoop" Jackson (1912-83) and U.S. Rep. (D-Ohio) Charles Albert Vanik (1913-2007), and drafted by Jackson staff member Richard Norman Perle (1941-), denying most-favored nation status to non-market-economy (Communist) countries that restrict emigration rights, particularly via the infamous Soviet diploma emigration tax on Jews, causing them to cave and allow more to emigrate; meanwhile the act derails detente and pisses-off Nixon, Kissinger, and Moscow, and later becomes a stumbling block to U.S. trade with Red China. On Jan. 3 the Watergate Babies, young liberal Dem. U.S. reps take office, incl. Max Sieben Baucus (1941-) of Mont., Thomas Richard "Tom" Harkin (1974-) of Iowa, George Miller III (1945-) of Calif., Richard Michael "Rick" Nolan (1943-), and Henry Arnold Waxman (1939-) of Calif.; Patrick Joseph Leahy (1940-) of Vt. is elected to the U.S. Senate. On Jan. 5 the 7K-ton MV Lake Illawarra bulk ore carrier hits the Tasman Bridge in Tasmania, Australia, killing 12. On Jan. 6 Dem. Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown Jr. (1938-), son of Calif. gov. (1959-67) Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown Sr. becomes Calif. gov. #34 (until Jan. 3, 1983), going on to outdo Reagan in fiscal conservatism and rack up a $5B budget surplus while forsaking the 20K sq. ft. governor's mansion in Carmichael and living in a $250/mo. apt. in downtown Sacramento, driving to work in a Plymouth Satellite sedan; in 1975 he gets the depletion allowance repealed, and in 1977 sponsors the first-ever tax incentive for rooftop solar, vetoing the death penalty until the legislature overrides him. On Jan. 6 AM America is launched by ABC-TV as a rival to NBC-TV's Today Show (founded 1952), ending on Oct. 31 then returning on Nov. 3 as Good Morning America, with hosts David Downs Hartman (1935-) (Dr. Paul Hunter in "The Bold Ones: The New Doctors") (until 1987) and Joan Lunden (Joan Elise Blunden) (1950-) (1976-97) (first of many "breakfast blondes" on U.S. morning TV); Canadian-born Peter Jennings (1938-2005) (who lost his 1965 job as America's youngest news anchor after three years because he was too, er, young) becomes news anchor for 10 mo., and after being kicked off that he becomes ABC's chief foreign correspondent, going on to become the first U.S. reporter to interview Ayatollah Khomeini while in exile in Paris, joining ABC World News Tonight on July 10, 1978 as their London correspondent; on Apr. 25 the British comedy act Monty Python appears on the show. On Jan. 6 Another World (begun May 4, 1964) becomes the first hour-long U.S. TV soap opera; it ends on June 25, 1999 - another half-hour to spend in front of the TV to save gasoline? On Jan. 6 Merv Griffin's daytime game show Wheel of Fortune debuts on NBC-TV (until June 30, 1989), with Charles Herbert "Chuck" Woolery (1941-) and Susan Stafford (Susan Gail Carney) (1945-) as co-hosts; too bad, the show concentrates on shopping, with the game in the background, and its format isn't changed until Dec. 1981, with new hosts Pat Sajak (Patrick Leonard Sadjak) (1946-) and Vanna White (Vanna Marie Rosich) (1957-), after which it goes on to become a stellar prime-time hit, going into syndication on Sept. 19, 1983 (until ?). On Jan. 7 OPEC raises crude oil prices by 10%. On Jan. 8 afer a Dec. 1974 article in the New York Times claims that the CIA had conducted illegal domestic activities incl. experiments during U.S. citizens in the 1960s, Pres. Ford appoints the Rockefeller Commission (U.S. President's Commission on CIA Activities within the United States) to investigate domestic abuses by the CIA, headed by vice-pres. Nelson Rockefeller; former JCS chmn. (1960-2) Lyman Louis Lemnitzer (1899-1988) (whom JFK got fired) is appointed to the commission, which (un)investigates allegations that E. Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis of Watergate fame were involved in the assassination of JFK; on June 2 Rockefeller says they have found no widespread pattern of illegal activities, and on June 10 they issue their report, recommending a joint congressional oversight committee on intelligence - the JFK coverup is complete? On Jan. 9 People's Repub. of the Congo (Brazzaville) pres. (since Jan. 1, 1969) Marien Ngouabi (1938-77) is sworn-in for a 2nd 5-year term (until Mar. 18, 1977), and visits Moscow, signing a technical-economic aid pact. On Jan. 10 the Soviet Soyuz 17 mission blasts off carrying cosmonauts Alexei Aleksandrovich Gubarev (1931-) and Georgi Mikhailovich Grechko (1931-), docking with Salyut 4 and setting a Soviet endurance record of 30 days before returning on Feb. 9; on Dec. 20, 1977 Grechko makes the first spacewalk in an Orlan space suit; on Apr. 5 Soyuz 18A is launched, which fails to reach orbit, the crew landing safely in W Siberia; on May 24 Soyuz 18B is launched with cosmonauts Pyotr Ilyich Klimuk (1942-) and Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov (1935-), docking with Salyut 4 and setting a new record of 63 days; on Nov. 17 the unmanned Soyuz 20 biological mission is launched, docking with Salyut 4. On Jan. 12 Super Bowl IX (9) (1975) is held in New Orleans, La.; the Pittsburgh Steelers (AFC) and their Steel Curtain defense defeat the Minn. Vikings (NFC) 16-6, with the Vikings' only points coming on a blocked punt recovered in the end zone; Steelers' RB Franco Harris (1950-) is MVP. On Jan. 14 after leading the movement in the Colo. legislature to turn down the 1976 Winter Olympics, Madison, Wisc.-born Dem. Richard Douglas "Dick" Lamm (1935-) becomes Colo. gov. #38 (until Jan. 13, 1987), becoming known for being against growth, designating Roswell, N.M.-born musician John Denver (Henry John Deutschendorf Jr.) (1943-97) as Colo. poet laureate. On Jan. 14 17-y.-o. Lesley Whittle (b. 1957) is kidnapped from her bedroom in Shropshire, England by Donald Neilson (Nappey) (1936-), and taken to a drainage shaft in Bathpool Park in Kidsgrove, Staffordshire, demanding Ł50K ransom and becoming known as the Black Panther; after the money doesn't arrive in time, he kills her; he is captured in Dec. 1975 and given a life prison sentence in July 1976. On Jan. 15 Pres. Ford delivers his 1975 State of the Union Address, discussing nat. debt, taxes, the federal budget, and the energy crisis, calling for a windfall profit tax on oil cos., which he signs into law in Dec., along with an energy bill with price controls and the first U.S. fuel efficiency standards for cars, ending up curtailing domestic production and playing into the hands of OPEC? On Jan. 15 the People's Repub. of Angola, which has been a colony since 1576 is granted independence by Portugal (last Portuguese African colony), and on Nov. 11 it begins nationalizing banking, transport, heavy industries, and the media, and granting the vote to women; under Portuguese pres. Francisco de Costa Gomes it immediately plunges into civil war before promised elections can take place, with the Communist-backed People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) (founded Dec. 10, 1956) and the Nat. Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) (founded July 14, 1954) fighting the CIA and South Africa-backed rebel group UNITA (Union for the Total Independence of Angola) (founded Mar. 13, 1966), led by Jonas Malheiro Savimbi (1934-2002), which secretly invaded in Oct.; on Nov. 11 MPLA leader (and top Angolan poet) Antonio Agostinho Neto (1922-79) becomes Angolan pres. #1 (until Sept. 10, 1979); on Nov. 4 Fidel Castro of Cuba decides to send troops to support the MPLA, and next Jan. the Soviets fly 10 planeloads in, after which 30K Cuban troops are ultimately deployed as the conflict attracts Nicaragua on the Marxist side, and the People's Repub. of China, Israel, Cote d'Ivoire, Zaire, Morocco, and Zambia on the U.S. side. On Jan. 17 the IRA ends the 25-day ceasefire in Northern Ireland. On Jan. 17 (Fri.) Stephen J. Cannell's detective series Baretta debuts on ABC-TV for 82 episodes (until May 18, 1978), starring former "Our Gang" kid star Robert Blake (Mickey Gubitosi) (1933-) as maverick undercover Newark, N.J. police officer Det. Anthony Vincenzo "Tony" Baretta, who lives in the run-down King Edward Hotel (apt. 2C) with his sulphur-crested cockatoo, likes to wear a brown suede jacket and newsboy cap, and drives a rusted-out Mist Blue 1966 Chevy Impala 4-door sedan called "The Blue Ghost"; also stars Tom Ewell as Billy Truman, Michael D. Roberts as Rooster, Edward Grover as Lt. Hal Brubaker, and John Ward as Det. Foley. On Jan. 18 (Sat.) Norman Lear's sitcom The Jeffersons debuts on CBS-TV as a spinoff of "All in the Family" about a nouveau riche African-Am. couple, lasting 11 seasons and 253 episodes (until July 2, 1985), becoming the longest-running U.S. TV show with a predominantly black cast, incl. Isabel Sanford (1917-2004) as Louise "Weezy" Jefferson, Sherman Alexander Hemsley (1938-) as her hubby George Jefferson, and Marla Gibbs (1931-) as their wisecracking housekeeper Florence Johnston; Paul Benedict (1938-2008) plays British next-door neighbor Harry Bentley; Franklin Edward Cover (1928-2006) and Roxie Roker (1929-95) play interracial couple Tom and Hellen Willis, whose children George calls "zebras". On Jan. 20 the Hanoi Politburo approves the final military offensive against South Vietnam by 200K fresh NVA troops. On Jan. 21 the U.S. (Burger) Supreme Court rules 8-1 in Taylor v. Louisiana that all-male juries are unconstitutional, overturning Hoyt v. Florida (1961) with the soundbyte: "If it ever was the case that women were unqualified to sit on juries, or were so situated that none of them should be required to perform jury service, that time is long past"; William Rehnquist is the lone dissenter. On Jan. 22 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Goss v. Lopez that public schools may not temporarily suspend students for misconduct without a due process hearing unless their presence poses a physical threat; on Oct. 20 it adds that schools can spank and paddle children after giving them fair warning; on Apr. 19, 1977 it rules 5-4 in Ingraham v. Wright that students can't sue schools for being paddled without a hearing unless it's excessive, and that holding a student over a table and hitting him 20x isn't excessive even though he ends up in the hospital and is out of school for 2 weeks because of it - you can be both beautiful and smart? On Jan. 23 (Thur.) the sitcom Barney Miller debuts on ABC-TV for 168 episodes (until May 20, 1982), starring Hal Linden (1931-) as Capt. Barney Miller of the Greenwich Village 12th Precinct in New York City, Abraham Charles "Abe" Vigoda (1921-) as Det. Sgt. Phil Fish, Max Gail (1943-) as Det. Stanley "Wojo" Wojciehowicz, Ronald E. "Ron" Glass as black Det. Ronald Nathan "Ron" Harris, Jack Soo (1917-79) as Japanese-Am. gambler Det. Nick Yemana (first regular adult Japanese-Am. char. on U.S. prime time TV), and Gregory Sierra (1941-) as Puerto Rican Det. Sgt. Chano Amanguale. On Jan. 29 the Weather Underground bombs the main office of the U.S. State Dept. in Washington, D.C. In Jan. the Three Greek Colonels, George Papadopoulos (1919-99), Nikolaos Makarezos (1919-), and Stylianos Pattakos (1912-) (brig. gen. by now) are charged with insurrection and high treason in Greece, and sentenced to death, but PM Constantine Karamanlis commutes the sentences to life - we're Greek, so let it slide? In Jan. Bangladesh Socialist founder Sheik Mujibur Rahman (b. 1920) becomes dictator-pres. of Bangladesh, imposing tighter controls to maintain order; on Aug. 15 he is assassinated along with his wife and several relatives in Dacca by a group of young army officers, who install Khondaker Moshtaq Ahmad (Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed) (1918-96) (a founder of the Awami League) as pres.; on Nov. 6 a military coup forces Ahmed from power, and chief justice #1 Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem (1916-97) becomes pres. #5 and "chief martial law administrator" (until Apr. 21, 1977). On Feb. 1 Norway bans foreign immigration for a year, later extending it indefinitely (until ?) - that's mighty white of ya? On Feb. 1 the Intercontinental Broadcasting Corp. is launched, becoming the first TV network in the Philippines. On Feb. 3 after Hurricane Fiji in 1974 destroys many of its banana plantations in Honduras, rival Castle & Cook takes over their #1 position, and he is about to be caught by the SEC in a $2.5M bribe to Honduran pres. Oswaldo Lopez Arellano to reduce export taxes, Jewish-Am. United Fruit Co. pres. (Orthodox rabbi) Eli M. Black (Elihu Maneshe Blachowitz) (b. 1921) jumps to his death out of his 44th floor office window in the Pan Am Bldg. in New York City, as later portrayed in the 1994 film "The Hudsucker Proxy"; on Apr. 22 news that U.S. fruit co. United Brands has bribed the govt. leads to a coup by Col. Juan Alberto Melgar Castro (1930-87), who becomes pres. of Honduras (until Aug. 7, 1978). On Feb. 4 the 7.4 Haicheng Earthquake, 400 mi. NE of Beijing, China becomes the first earthquake to be successfully predicted by seismologists, allowing 1M to be evacuated; too bad, 2K are killed and 28K injured in Liaoning. On Feb. 5 facing high inflation and unemployment, Malagasy Repub. pres. (since Oct. 11, 1972) Maj. Gen. Gabriel Ramanantsoa resigns; on Feb. 11 his leftist-leaning successor, interior minister Lt. Col. Richard Ratsimandrava (1931-) is killed after six days in a machine gun ambush in the capital city of Antananarivo, causing a civil war. On Feb. 5 the Baader-Meinhof gang ends its hunger strike, allowing them to be put on trial in Stuttgart in May. On Feb. 6 Pres. Ford asks Congress for $497M in aid to Cambodia. On Feb. 6 the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs (founded 1968) meets in Detroit, Mich., and on Mar. 20 it issues a report that claims that only 38% of those eligible receive food stamps, leaving 20M+ of up to 38M eligible who don't, and that the program is badly administered; meanwhile 2M new people joined in Dec.-Jan. because of the recession. On Feb. 10 the Provisional IRA agrees to a ceasefire, after which the Brits set up seven "incident centres" to monitor it; on Feb. 20 the Official IRA and the Irish Nat. Liberation Army begin a feud, which lasts until June, and on Mar. another feud begins between the Ulster Volunteer Force and Ulster Defence Assoc.; the truce ends on Jan. 23, 1976. On Feb. 11 Oxford-educated chemist Margaret Hilda "Maggie" Thatcher (1925-) is elected leader of the Tory Party, defeating Edward Heath and becoming the first woman to lead the British Conservative Party; on Apr. 30 (the day Saigon falls) Thatcher receives her first-ever letter from Pres. Reagan. On Feb. 13 the unsuccessful separatist Turkish Federated State of Cyprus is declared. On Feb. 13 (11:45 p.m.) there is a fire on the 11th story of the North Tower of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City, causing $2M damage. On Feb. 14 the Order of Australia is created by Elizabeth II, who awards the first on May 24, 1976 to Sir John Kerr, and the 2nd on June 7 to Sir Robert Menzies. On Feb. 21 former U.S. atty.-gen. John N. Mitchell, and former White House aides H.R. Haldeman, John D. Ehrlichman and Robert Mardian are sentenced to 2.5-8 years in prison for their roles in the Watergate affair. On Feb. 23 Daylight Savings Time commences almost 2 mo. ahead of schedule in response to the energy crisis. On Feb. 25 Nation of Islam founder Elijah Muhammad (b. 1897) dies, and is succeeded by his son Warith Deen Mohammed (Wallace Delaney Muhammad) (1933-2008), who begins moving the Nation of Islam toward mainstream Sunni Islam in 1978, renaming it the Am. Society of Muslims. On Feb. 26 off-duty London police officer Stephen Andrew Tibble (b. 1953) is killed by Provisional IRA member Liam Quinn during a chase. On Feb. 27 West German politician Peter Lorenz (1923-87) is kidnapped by the three members of the leftist Movement 2 June; on Mar. 4 he is released after five West German terrorists are allowed to fly to S Yemen. On Feb. 28 a tube train crash at Moorgate Station in London caused by smashing into the end of a tunnel kills 43. On Feb. 28 the First Lome Convention (Lome I) is signed in Lome, Togo by the European Economic Community plus 46 developing ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) countries to enhance financial and economic ties, effective in Apr. 1976, becoming the cornerstone of trade between Europe and the ACP, followed by Lome II in 1981-5, Lome III in 1985-90, Lome IV in 1989-99, and the Cotonou Agreement in June 2000. On Mar. 1 the Kenyan People's Liberation Front blows up a bus in Nairobi, killing 26 and injuring 60. On Mar. 4 Queen Elizabeth II knights actor-dir. Charlie Chaplin and "Jeeves" writer P.G. Wodehouse - Sir Tramp and Sir Jeeves? On Mar. 4 a Canadian parliamentary committee is televised for the first time. On Mar. 6 100K demonstrate in New Delhi against the govt. of PM Indira Gandhi over her 1971 election to parliament, and after the high court rules on June 11 that her election was fraudulent, on June 25 she declares a state of emergency, citing a "deep and widespread conspiracy" against her govt., having 750+ political opponents arrested, after which anti-govt. violence breaks out in New Delhi on June 30, causing her to announce steps to reduce prices and give peasants a fairer shake by reducing their debts and redistributing land while clamping down on dissent and imposing strict press censorship. On Mar. 6 Iran and Iraq announce in Algiers a a settlement to their border dispute going back to 1947, signing the Algiers Agreement (Accord) (Declaration) on June 13 and Dec. 26, with Iran taking over half of the Shatt al-Arab estuary at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates River 100 mi. from the Persian Gulf from Iraq in return for Iran's promise to end support of Kurdish rebels in Kurdistan; the shah's hatred of Arab nationalism traces to a belief in Persian superiority?; the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), founded on May 22, 1975 by Jalal Talabani (1933-) breaks off from the KDP in protest, and the U.S. ends support for the Kurdish rebellion; on Mar. 9 Iraq launches an offensive against the rebel Kurds and cuts-off their flow of weapons, after which Iraqi troops occupy most of Kurdistan, interpret the 1970 accord on their own terms, and open the region to economic development. On Mar. 6 ABC-TV's Good Night America shows the Abraham Zapruder film of JFK's Nov. 22, 1963 assassination for the first time, throwing the official coverstory of a lone gunman in the Texas School Bush, er, Book Depository on its ear as JFK clearly lurches back and to the left; after a public outcry, the U.S. House of Reps. on Sept. 14, 1976 begins setting up the House Select Committee on Assassinations to review what's left of the facts of JFK's assassination finally; the Report of the House Select Committee on Assassinations is pub. on July 29, 1979, concluding that Lee Harvey Oswald fired three of four shots, and therefore JFK was "probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy", pointing to a dictabelt recording allegedly from DPD motorcycle cop H.B. McLain, who denies being in Dealey Plaza during the assassination; no surprise, the U.S. Justice Dept. gets the Nat. Research Council of the Nat. Academy of Science to review the dictabelt evidence, and on May 14, 1982 the Norman F. Ramsey Panel concludes that "reliable acoustic data do not support a conclusion that there was a second gunman". On Mar. 7 the U.S. Senate revises its Filibuster and Cloture Rule, allowing 60 senators to limit debate in most cases, instead of the previously required two-thirds of senators present. On Mar. 9 work begins on the $8B 789-mi. (1.287km) Trans-Alaska Pipeline from Prudhoe Bay to the port of Valdez on Prince William Sound in Alaska (finished June 20, 1977); the pipeline is 49 in. in diam., and takes 21K workers to build it across three mountain ranges and 800 rivers, incl. the Yukon River; 31 are killed. On Mar. 10 the Japanese Shinkansen bullet train (founded in 1964) opens between Osaka and Fukuoka. Commies acting bravely? On Mar. 10 the North Vietnamese Army launch their march on Saigon by attacking the South Vietnamese town of Ban Me Thout; on Mar. 18 South Vietnam abandons most of the Central Highlands; on Mar. 21 Hue and other towns in N South Vietnam are evacuated; on Mar. 25 Hue is captured and Da Nang is endangered, and the U.S. orders a refugee airlift to remove those in danger; NVA CIC Gen. Vo Nguyen Giap (b. 1912) is diagnosed with Hodgkin's Disease, and replaced by Van Tien Dung (1917-2002) (veteran of the 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu), who establishes his HQ in Loc Ninh only 75 N of Saigon, launching the 55-day Ho Chi Minh Campaign. On Mar. 11 a right-wing coup attempt in Portugal fails, causing Gen. Antonio de Spinola to flee to Brazil, returning next year after the Nov. 25 coup; in Apr. elections in Portugal brings out 92% of eligible voters (a record for a Western Euro nation), electing gen. Francisco da Costa Gomes as pres., and Adm. Jose Baptista Pinhiero de Azevedo (1917-83) as PM #3, who is sworn-in on Sept. 19 (until June 23, 1976), and loses the pres. election in 1976; the new govt. nationalizes banks, heavy industries, media, and transport, while farm workers in the S expropriate the latifundias and set up communal farms; meanwhile foreign minister (1974 coup leader) Ernesto Melo Antunes visits Pres. Ford in the U.S. and arranges for an $85M emergency aid package; ousted leftist Portuguese PM (since July 18) Gen. Vasco dos Santos Concalves joins the Portuguese Communist Party. On Mar. 12 wrongly convicted murderer Andrew Dufresne escapes from Shawshank State Prison in Maine :) On Mar. 15 the Brazilian state of Guanabara moves its capital from Niteroi to Rio de Janeiro. On Mar. 18 the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad (founded 1852) files for bankruptcy. On Mar. 25 king (since 1964) Faisal (b. 1906) is shot to death by his U.S.-educated nephew (with a history of mental illness) Prince Faisal ibn Musaid Abdel Aziza (b. 1948), who was arrested in Colo. for selling drugs and released after confessing, and beheaded on June 18; he is succeeded by his brother Khalid bin Abdul Aziz (1912-82) as king #4 of Saudi Arabia (until 1982), who continues support for OPEC. On Mar. 27 Sir Arthur Bliss (b. 1891) retires (since 1953), and Australian composer Malcolm Williamson (1931-2003) becomes the first non-Briton to be appointed Master of the Queen's Music (until 2003), pissing-off William Walton, who calls him "the wrong Malcolm". On Mar. 28 a fire in the maternity wing of Kucic Hospital in Rijeka, Yugoslavia kills 24 babies. On Mar. 29 Egyptian pres. Anwar Sadat declares that he will reopen the Suez Canal (closed since 1967) on June 5, right after the Mar. 15 death of Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis (b. 1906), who made big bucks by sending his tankers around the Cape of Good Hope. In the spring the Nat. Abortion Campaign is formed in Britain to defend the 1967 Abortion Act, and the women's movement scores big Vs with the Sex Discrimination Act on Nov. 12, which establishes an Equal Opportunities Commission, and the Employment Protection Act, giving women paid maternity leave et al.; the Equal Pay Act of 1970 comes into force on Dec. 29; too bad, employers are given five years to comply, and use the time to reclassify jobs to keep women's pay down, and of course the gap between whites and ethnic minorities is not covered; the Equal Pay Act is amended in 1984, but by the end of the cent. women still are paid 17% less then men. Commies behaving badly? On Apr. 1 Cambodian pres. Lon Nol is forced to leave the country with a few advisors and the U.S. embassy staff as the Communist Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot (Saloth Sar) (1928-98) advance on the capital of Phnom Penh; on Apr. 17 (final day of the Cambodian New Year) the U.S.-backed Lon Nol govt. surrenders after a 5-year war to the Khmer Rouge, who rename the country Dem. Kampuchea, and, spurred on by chief ideologue Nuon Chea (Long Bunruot) (Lau Ben Kon) (1926-) proceed to begin the Pol Pot (Cambodian) Genocide (Massacre) (ends 1979), emptying Phnom Penh of its 3M pop. in 72 hours and marching them off to rural shithole communes, murdering 1.7M people (25% of the pop.) in 450 killing fields to create their Third World Commie paradise, while the U.S. and the rest of the world look the other way; everyone over age 10 has to work in the fields; families are separated, and marriage, religion, formal education, and money are abolished; being educated or wearing glasses is a death sentence; they destroy the Cambodian Nat. Library, wiping out much of the country's history archive; horror stories are told for decades; religion is outlawed, and all but a few hundred of the 60K Buddhist monks are murdered - pass another pot along the empty Commie salad bar? On Apr. 2 57 orphaned or abandoned children are evacuated from Saigon to the U.S. on a World Airways cargo DC-8 (red and white markings) as part of Operation Babylift, led by Cherie Clark (1945-) et al., under which 2.6K Vietnamese children are relocated to the U.S. (until Apr. 14); the airline defies U.S. authorities at first, but public support causes the govt. to back off; on Apr. 4 a USAF C-5A Galaxy transport plane crashes shortly after takeoff, experiencing explosive decompression at 23K ft., killing 206 and wounding 76 of the 382 passengers, most of them children. On Apr. 2 a bus carrying French pilgrims plunges 120 ft. into the Ramache River near Vizille, Rhone-Alpes, France, killing 28 and injuring 17. On Apr. 4 the first group of boat people from Vietnam arrive in Malaysia. On Apr. 5 Taiwan pres. (since Mar. 1, 1950) Chiang Kai-shek (b. 1887) dies of a heart attack in Taipei, and vice-pres. (since May 20, 1966) Yen Chia-kan (C.K. Yen) (1905-93) becomes pres. of Taiwan (Formosa) (Repub. of China) (ROC) (until May 20, 1978); Chiang Kai shek's diabetic son (by 1st wife Mao Fumei) Chiang Ching-kuo (Chin. "Ching" + "kuo" = longitude nation) (1910-88) becomes chmn. of the Kuomintang, succeeding Chia-kan as pres. on May 20, 1978 (until May 20, 1988); Madame Chiang Kai-shek moves to New York City, buying a large Manhattan apt. plus a 36-acre estate in Lattingtown, Long Island. On Apr. 8 the 47th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1974 to Paramount's (Coppola Productions) The Godfather, Part II, along with best dir. to Francis Ford Coppola, and best supporting actor to Robert De Niro (his first Oscar); best actor goes to Art Carney for Harry and Tonto, best actress to Ellen Burstyn for Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore, and best supporting actress to former black sheep Ingrid Bergman for Murder on the Orient Express. On Apr. 12 a Protestant attack on a bar in Short Strand in E Belfast kills six Roman Catholic civilians. On Apr. 12-20 the Battle of Xuan Loc, (last stop before Saigon) is won by the NVA, and the South Vietnamese army disintegrates as the NVA heads for Saigon; on Apr. 21 pres. (since 1965) Nguyen Van Thieu resigns, condemning the U.S. for selling him out, and flees to Taiwan with millions of dollars of gold, later moving to Surrey, England; vice-pres. Tran Van Huong becomes pres.; on Apr. 23 NVA forces reach artillery and rocket range of Tan Son Nhut Air Base; on Apr. 25 former foreign minister Vu Van Mau (1914-98) is named new South Vietnamese PM, and the Australian embassy is closed 10 years after the first Australian troop commitments to South Vietnam; on Apr. 27 Saigon is encircled by North Vietnamese troops, causing Graham A. Martin, U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam to ask Washington to protect Saigon with an "iron ring" of B-52s from Guam, saying on Saigon TV "I, the American ambassador, am not going to run away in the middle of the night... I give you my word"; too bad, on Apr. 29 Henry Kissinger sends him a cable telling him to evacuate, and after Tran Van Huong resigns and Tan Son Nhut comes under NVA attack, Martin orders the the preset signal "The temperature in Saigon is 112 degrees and rising" sent on the radio, followed by the playing of Bing Crosby's "White Christmas", which is blasted on loudspeakers throughout the city, and Operation Frequent Wind begins, and U.S. helis evacuate 1,373 U.S. civilians and 5,595 Vietnamese refugees in an 18-hour period (largest heli rescue in history until ?), while a city crammed with 2M-3M heads for the U.S. embassy hoping to get a ride out; as the NVA close in on the airport, during the day and night Marine CH-53 Sea Stallion and smaller UH-1B Huey helis (who land on the embassy roof) dodge sniper fire to fly 638 sorties and take 6,236 passengers to ships of the Seventh Fleet, who make room by pushing helis into the sea; the embassy roof is illuminated by a 35mm slide projector; only 1.5K are airlifted from the embassy, plus a few from the roof, while 4.5K are airlifted from the Defense Attache Office (DAO) (created Jan. 28, 1973) at the airport, which is attacked by South Vietnamese A-37 Dragonfly attack planes commandeered by North Vietnamese pilots; the embassy gets all the publicity, so that when Marine Cpl. Otis Lamar Holmes (1955-2008) is wounded by shrapnel from a rocket attack that kills Lance Cpl. Darwin Lee Judge (b. 1956) and Cpl. Charles McMahon (b. 1953) on Apr. 29 (the last two U.S. servicemen to die in the war), he doesn't get his Purple Heart until 2005; on Apr. 30 at 4:58 a.m. CH-46 heli "Lady Ace 09" takes gung-ho U.S. ambassador Graham Martin and his Marine squad to the fleet, and "as his heli banked over Highway One, the ambassador could see the headlights of trucks of the People's Army of Vietnam, waiting"; by 8 a.m. the last 11 Marines are airlifted out, stiffing several hundred Vietnamese promised evacuation; at 12:15 p.m. after tank crews stop and ask for directions, Pres. Duong Van Minh surrenders without a shot, and the flag of the Nat. Liberation Front is raised above the Pres. Palace, officially signaling the Fall of Saigon; Gen. Duong Van "Big" Minh (1916-2001), South Vietnam's last leader announces its unconditional surrender, giving the Commies a big V to celebrate on May Day (May 1), AKA Gen. Dung's Great Spring Victory; the Vietnamese People's Army captures 41 F-5 Tiger jet airplanes; 200K-350K possible troublemakers (incl. military officers, politicians, and intelligentsia) are sent to reeducation camps, where thousands die, and 1M are sent to New Economic Zones, where starvation and disease kill thousands more; meanwhile 1.2M Vietnamese boat people flee in leaky overcrowded vessels, drowning 600K; former PM Nguyen Cao Ky flees to Norwalk, Calif., where he buys a liquor store; Saigon is renamed Ho Chi Minh City, with Nguyen Huu Tho (1910-96) as the first mayor; on May 3 Pres. Ford declares the war "finished", and calls upon Americans "to avoid recriminations about the past, to look ahead to the many goals we share"; the Vietnam War (never officially begun?) ends; death toll: U.S.: 58,209 dead, 153,300 wounded, 2,124 MIA; Communists: 1M dead, 300K MIA; civilians: 1.3M-2M dead (14% of the pop.); U.S. aid to South Vietnam: $141B; Congress appropriates $405M to settle 130K Vietnamese refugees in the U.S.; Thailand demands that the U.S. withdraw its military personnel, and establishes diplomatic relations with China; in 1985 Graham bitches "In the end we simply cut and ran; the American national will had collapsed" - maybe Ford just pardoned the Viet Cong? On Apr. 13 Chad pres.-PM (since 1960) Ngarta (Francois) Tombalaye is killed in a military coup, and is succeeded by Gen. Felix Malloum (1932-) (until Aug. 29, 1978); meanwhile Libya finances a civil war. On Apr. 13 the Lebanese Civil War (ends Oct. 13, 1990) begins after a bus carrying Palestinians is assaulted in Ain El Remmeneh by Marionite-dominated Christian Phalangists of the Kataeb Militia, killing 27 Palestinians, after which leftist "Islamo-Progressivists" and Lebanese Christians begin artillery duels; Palestinian refugees had been violently confronting Lebanese for five years leading up to this, while using their refugee camps as bases for attacks on Israel, who staged reprisals that sometimes spilled over; Yasser Arafat pledges no PLO involvement in Lebanese affairs, but pres. Suleiman Frangieh accuses him in mid-Dec. of reneging. On Apr. 15 Karen Ann Quinlan (1954-85) of N.J. goes into a coma after drinking several gin-and-tonics on top of small doses of Librium and Valium and going into respiratory failure for up to 20 min., and stays in a persistent vegetative state for 10 years despite the N.J. Supreme Court allowing the removal of her respirator on Mar. 31, 1976, which is turned off on June 10, 1976, finally dying from pneumonia. On Apr. 19 India launches the Aryabhatta satellite (their first) using a Soviet Intercosmos rocket; it carries three scientific payloads. On Apr. 20 a pileup on the Naples-Caserta Autostrada del Sole Expressway outside Naples, Italy causes 27 vehicles to crash, killing 11 and injuring 53. On Apr. 21 members of the SLA rob the Crocker Nat. Bank in Carmichael (suburb of Sacramento), Calif., during which Emily Harris shoots and kills 42-y.-o. Myrna Opsahl (b. 1932), a mother of four depositing money for her church, and Patty Hearst drives the getaway car, later fingering Kathleen Ann Soliah (1947-) for kicking a pregnant woman in the abdomen and causing a miscarriage; on Aug. 21 Soliah and other members of the SLA place a pipe bomb under a parked police car at an Internat. House of Pancakes restaurant on Sunset Blvd in Los Angeles, Calif., plus another in front of a police dept. 1 mi. away; after being profiled on "America's Most Wanted", she is finally apprehended on June 16, 1999 under the assumed name Sara Jane Olson in St. Paul. Minn. after having pub. the cookbook "Serving Time: America's Most Wanted Recipes", and receives two consecutive 10-life terms, reduced to 14 years, after which she pleads guilty to the Myrna Opsahl murder and gets another 6 years, and is paroled on Mar. 17, 2008, rearrested, then paroled again on Mar. 17, 2009. On Apr. 21 six homosexual couples in Colo. are granted marriage licenses by Boulder County Clerk Clela Rorex; Anthony Corbett Sullivan and Richard Frank Adams, who met in the Closet Bar in Los Angeles in 1971 use their license as grounds for applying for permanent residency in the U.S. for Aussie Sullivan; on Dec. 7 the INS denies their petition, saying, "You have failed to establish that a bona fide marital relationship can exist between two faggots"; they leave the U.S. on Nov. 23, 1985 after a losing court battle all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court - don't cry over spilt milk? On Apr. 24 six members of the Red Army Faction take over the West German embassy in Stockholm, Sweden, taking 11 hostages and demanding the release of their fellows from jail until the Swedish police storm and capture them. On Apr. 28 Newsweek pub. the 9-paragraph article The Cooling World by England-born science ed. Peter Gwynne (1942-), which claims that evidence of a coming ice age is accumulating "so massively that meteorologists are hard-pressed to keep up with it", spawning copycat articles by Nat. Geographic and The New York Times and becoming a hit with global warming skeptics incl. Forbes, U.S. Sen. James Inhofe, Sean Hannity, Lou Dobbs, Rush Limbaugh, and Donald Trump; on Jan. 10, 2014 Scientific American pub. the article How the "Global Cooling" Story Came to Be, with the subtitle: "Nine paragraphs written for Newsweek in 1975 continue to trump 40 years of climate science. It is a record that has its author amazed", claiming that Gwynne now believes in CO2-driven global warming, although his story "was accurate at the time". On Apr. 30 (May Day Eve) a zoo in Dvur Kralove, Czech. which is home to the largest captive herd (49) of giraffes in the world is invaded by secret police, who slaughter them all without explanation - illegal aliens? On Apr. 30 (Wed.) the cop thriller series Starsky & Hutch debuts on ABC-TV for 93 episodes (until May 15, 1979), starring dark-haired Paul Michael Glaser (1943-) as undercover cop Dave Starsky, and blond David Soul (1943-) as his partner Kenneth "Hutch" Hutchinson, who cruise Bay City in their 2-door red (with white stripe) Ford Gran Torino called the Striped Tomato, with call sign Zebra Three. In Apr. German Red Army faction guerrilla Hanna-Elise Krabbe (1945-) takes part in an attack on the German embassy in Stockholm in which two German diplomats are killed; she is later sentenced to 21 years. In Apr. Lin Farley (1942-) of Cornell U. coins the term "sexual harassment" during testimony before the New York City Humans Rights Commission during hearings on Women and Work led by Eleanor Holmes Norton, giving it nat. attention. On May 1 Afghanistan nationalizes its banks. On May 1 Wall Street ends fixed commission rates, allowing competition among institutional investors that drops rates up to 90%, while reducing costs for trading stocks that encourages individual investors to buy more mutual funds. On May 1 Red Bank, N.J.-born New Age leader Elizabeth Clare Prophet (nee Wulf) (1939-2009), leader of The Summit Lighthouse (founded on Aug. 7, 1958 by her ex-husband Mark L. Prophet (1918-73) establishes the Church Universal and Triumphant (CUT) in Santa Barbara, Calif., with herself as the female pope; in 1986 she moves to Forbes Ranch outside Yellowstone park near Gardiner, Mont., going on to make prophecies of a first-strike nuclear attack by the Soviet Union and urge followers to build fallout shelters. On May 3 new Calif. Gov. Jerry Brown begins a round of private meetings to resolve the issues between the UFW, agribusiness, and the Teamsters Union; on June 5 he announces the new Calif. Agricultural Labor Relations Act, a temporary truce in the struggle between the state's farm workers and farmers; on ? he announces "I consider Doonesbury one of my key political advisors", to attempt to shrug off artist Gary Trudeau's portrayal of him as a "flake". On May 7 Pres. Ford formally declares an end to the "Vietnam era" as the Viet Cong stage a rally in Ho Chi Minh City to celebrate their takeover of the jungle shithole hotown. On May 11 100K attend the War Is Over Rally in Central Park, New York City, featuring Harry Belafonte, Pete Seeger, Odetta, Jona Baez, and Phil Ochs (1940-76), who sings "The War Is Over" - not quite yet? On May 12 the Khmer Rouge using former U.S. Navy Swift Boats seize the U.S. merchant ship Mayaguez in internat. waters, and move it to Koh Tang Island 50 mi. off the S coast of Cambodia near the Vietnamese border; on May 15 (sunrise) heli-born U.S. Marines rescue the ship, but only after much difficulty as they underestimate the size of the Khmer Rouge force and don't know that the ship's crew has been released in good health already, and 18 GIs are killed and 41 wounded, with three Marines left behind on Koh Tang Island, who are later executed, becoming the last official U.S. battle in the Vietnam War - who says Rudolf the Red-Nosed Ford is a whimp? On May 13 hailstones as large as tennis balls hit Wernerville, Tenn. On May 15 Gyorgy Lazar (1924-) succeeds Jeno Fock as PM of Hungary (until 1987). On May 16 Junko Tabei (1939-2016) of Japan becomes the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest (22 years after a man did it); she goes on to ascend the highest peak on all seven continents. On May 18 16-y.-o. Michael Woodmansee (1959-) murders 5-y.-o. Jason Foreman in South Kingstown, R.I., then gets away with it until he is being questioned about the strangulation of another child and confesses; in fall 2011 after being released for good behavior after 28 years in priz, he is committed to Eleanor Slater Hospital in Cranston, R.I. On May 20 ten days before a U.N. Security Council deadline for transfer of power to the inhabitants of their mandate Namibia, South African PM Balthazar J. Vorster rejects U.N. supervision, but agrees to negotiate Namibian independence with anybody except the black separatist group South-West African People's Org. (SWAPO). On May 21 the NASA Kuiper Airbone Observatory (KAO) is dedicated, going on to make 1.4K flights through the upper atmosphere; on Mar. 10, 1977 it discovers five (later nine) rings around Uranus; a new minor planet circling between Saturn and Uranus is later found - ring around your anus jokes here? On May 27 a bus full of pensioners falls off the Dibbles Bridge near Hebeden, North Yorkshire, England, killing 32, becoming the highest death toll in a U.K. road accident (until ?). On May 28 Czech pres. (since Mar. 30, 1968) Ludvik Svoboda (1895-1979) retires, and fellow hardliner Gustav Husak (1913-91) becomes the new Soviet puppet pres. (until Dec. 10, 1989). On May 28 the Treaty of Lagos is signed in Nigeria, creating the 15-nation Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), with the goal of "collective self-sufficiency"; in 1976 Cape Verde joins; in Dec. 2000 Mauritania withdraws, rejoining in Aug. 2017; after military coups, Guinea is suspended on Sept. 8, 2021, Mali on Jan. 10, 2022, Burkina Faso on Jan. 28, 2022, and Niger in 2023. In May the Cambodian-Vietnamese War begins (ends Dec. 1989), with the Vietnamese backed by the Soviet Union and the Cambodians backed by China. In May the Communist Pathet Lao led by founder Prince Souphanouvong (1909-95) take over Laos; on Dec. 2 they oust a coalition govt. in Laos, force King Savang Vatthana to abdicate after 24 years of U.S. backing, and abolish the monarchy, proclaiming YAPDR (yet another people's dem. repub.) (1-party state), with Kaysone Phomvihane (1920-92) as PM (until 1992); Vatthana becomes the "supreme adviser" to new pres. Souphanouvong, but in actuality he and Queen Khamphouis are dumped in a detention camp, where they die in 1981; former Prince Souvanna Phouma (half-brother of Prince Soupy, and royal PM since 1962) is made an "adviser" to the govt. - the domino theory is a pathetic lao? In May Iranian shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi visits Pres. Ford at the White House. In May after the Koreagate scandal breaks, about high level KCIA agents trying to buy influence in the U.S. govt., South Korea issues Emergency Measure No. 9, making criticism of the pres. a crime (until 1979). On June 1 (his 28th birthday), Ron Wood replaces Mick Taylor as the Rolling Stones' lead guitarist, and the Stones begin their Tour of the Americas in Baton Rouge, La. On June 3 the U.S. Dept. of HEW releases regulations to equalize opportunities for women in schools and colleges. On June 5 the U.K. votes to stay in the European Community. On June 7 colonel-free Greece adopts a new 1975 Greek Constitution, reducing the power of the pres., and on June 19 Greek philosopher Konstantine Tsatsos (1899-1987) (friend of Konstantine Karamanlis) is elected pres. #2 of the Third Hellenic Repub. by parliament (until May 15, 1980). On June 15 after PM (since 1972) Gabriel Ramanantsoa resigns on Feb. 5, yet another military coup results in leftist vice-adm. ("the Red Admiral") Didier Ratsiraka (1933-) being named pres. of the Malagasy Repub. (until 1993), which on Dec. 21 after a referendum changes its name to the Dem. Second Repub. of Madagascar, going on to close French bases, go Communist-Socialist and nationalize French-owned cos., close a U.S. space tracking station, and seek Chinese aid; a wannabe Mao, Ratsiraka pub. his own little red book of Marxist principles; on Dec. 21 the 1975 Malagasy Constitutional Referendum creates a pres. repub. with the pres. serving a 7-year term; Ratsiraka ends up serving until May 6, 2002. On June 15 a bus carrying elderly terrorists plunges 120 ft. into a rive outside Villach, Carinthia, Austria, killing 21 and injuring 23. On June 24 Eastern Airlines Flight 66 (Boeing 727) en route from New Orleans crashes while attempting to land during a thunderstorm at New York's JFK Internat. Airport, killing 113 of 124 aboard, becoming the worst single-aircraft disaster in U.S. history (until May 25, 1979). On June 25 (Wed.) the poverty-stricken People's Repub. of Mozambique becomes an independent state, ending 470 years of Portuguese rule (since 1505), with Samora Moises (Moisés) Machel (1933-86) as pres. #1 (until Oct. 19, 1986); too bad, his govt. embraces Marxism like nearby poverty-stricken Madagascar, after which in 1977 a long civil war begins (ends 1992), ruining much of the wildlife and tourist trade; meanwhile 1M flee Mozambique and other former Portuguese colonies to Portugal, causing strikes and violence. On June 26 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in O'Connor v. Donaldson that a state cannot constitutionally imprison a person if they are not a danger to themselves or others and are capable of living in society alone or with help from family members or friends. On June 26 FBI special agents Jack R. Coler (b. 1947) and Ronald A. Williams (b. 1948) are killed in a shootout (murdered execution-style?) allegedly by Leonard Peltier (1944-) on Jumping Bull property of the Oglala Sioux Pine Ridge Reservation in S.D., who flees to Canada, is captured and extradited, and tried in 1977, then sentenced to two life sentences despite doubt about his guilt, causing Amnesty Internat., AIM and other orgs. to lobby for his release (until ?); meanwhile AIM member Joe Stuntz Killsright is killed in the same shootout by the FBI, but the authorities decline to investigate; AIM later claims that one of the FBI agents on the scene is future U. of Colo. prof. Ward Churchill, and that he may have been one of the assassins. On June 27 French intelligence agents Raymond Dous and Jean Donatini, who were investigating attacks on planes of Israel's El Al airline at Orly Airport are killed along with an informer by Venezuelan-born leftist mercenary Carlos the Jackal (Ilich Ramirez Sanchez) (1949-), who later receives a life sentence. On June 21/22 after breaking with Anton LaVey over the latter's denial of the existence of Satan, U.S. Army officer Michael A. Aquino (1946-) founds the Temple of Set in Santa Barbara, Calif., with the goal of invoking Satan as Set. On June 30 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 9-0 in U.S. vs. Brignoni-Ponce that the Fourth Amendment allows a roving patrol of the U.S. border to stop vehicles and question occupants about citizenship and immigration status when the occupants appear to be of alien (Mexican) ancestry only combined with other "articulable facts". On June 30 after being appointed by Pres. Ford, Tulsa, Okla.-born U.S. ambassador to India (since Feb. 28, 1973) Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1927-2003) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #12 (until Feb. 2, 1976), going on to become a vocal critic of U.N. Security Council Resolution 3379 declaring Zionism to be racism, making him a star, despite pissing-off Henry Kissinger, who accuses him of confusing foreign policy with a synagogue; he also shamelessly panders Pres. Ford's line that since Indonesia is a key ally against Communism, their 1975 invasion of East Timor is okay, successfully preventing U.N. Security Council action. On July 1 Cesar Chavez and 60 supporters of the UFW begin a 1K-mi. march across Calif. to rally mainly Mexican-Am. farm workers. On July 1 the Australian postmaster-gen. dept. is split up into the Australian Telecom Commission and the Australian Postal Commission. On July 4 Australian newspaper publisher Juanita Joan Nielsen (b. 1937) (known for campaigning against corruption and development) disappears in Sydney, and is presumed to have been murdered, becoming the subject of the 1981 film The Killing of Angel Street. On July 4 a refrigerator filled with explosives detonates in Zion Square in Jerusalem, killing 15; next year the Shin Bet arrests Abu Sukkar (Ahmed Jabara) (-2013), and after he confesses he is sentenced to life in prison, then released in 2003. On July 5 the poverty-stricken (but full of great beaches) Cape Verde Islands 400 mi. W of Dakar, Senegal become independent of Portugal after 513 years (since 1462), with capital at Praia (Port. "beach"), and Aristides Pereira (1923-) as pres. (until 1991) and Maj. Pedro Verona Rodriguez Pires (1934-) as PM (until 1991); the U.S. sets up an embassy on Praia in 1978, going on to move in almost as many Americans as there are natives. On July 6 Comoros (between Mozambique and Madagascar) (except for Mayotte, which has a Christian majority and remains French) declares independence from France after 89 years of colonial rule, with Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane (1919-89) as pres. #1; on Aug. 3 Socialist Ali Soilih (1937-78) stages a coup with the help of mercenaries, killing many and destroying records, then lowering the voting age to 14 and legalizing marijuana, becoming pres. of Comoros (until May 13, 1978). On July 7 Claire Labine's and Paula Avila Mayer's TV soap opera Ryan's Hope debuts on ABC-TV for 3,515 episodes (until Jan. 13, 1989), about a large Irish-Am. family in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, N.Y. near the George Washington Bridge, starring Bernard Elliott "Bernie" Barrow (1927-93) as Johnny Ryan, owner of Ryan's Bar across from Riverside Hospital, and Helen Gallagher (1926-) as his wife Maeve Ryan, who ends the final episode singing her favorite tune "Danny Boy" at the family bar; also stars Kate Mulgrew (1955-) as Mary Ryan Renelli, and Ilene Kristen (Schatz) (1952-) as Delia Reid Ryan. On July 8 "Rudolph the Red-Nose" Ford announces he will seek the Repub. nomination for the presidency in 1976 - the president's on line toot? On July 8 Argentine pres. Isabel Peron agrees to raise wages to stop a gen. strike. On July 9 Senegal finally allows a limited multi-party system. On July 12 Sao Tome and Principe in the Gulf of Guinea declare independence from Portugal (since 1470), with German-educated pres. #1 Manuel Pinto da Costa (1937-) (until 1991), who founds a 1-party Socialist state. On July 15 after efforts by Nat. Academy of Sciences pres. (1969-81) Philip Handler (1918-81) (biochemist), the first joint U.S.-Soviet Apollo-Soyuz Test Project begins as U.S. astronauts USAF brig. gen. Thomas Patten Stafford (1930-) (first gen. in space) Donald Kent "Deke" Slayton (1924-93), and Vance DeVoe Brand (1931-) blast-off aboard an Apollo spaceship hours after Soviet cosmonauts Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov (1934-) (first man to walk in space in 1965) and Valery Nikolayevich Kubasov (1935-) blast off aboard the Soyuz 19 spacecraft for a mission that incl. a first-ever linkup of the two ships in orbit, docking on July 17 at 140 mi. alt., proving that superpowers stick together in space regardless of ideology down on Earth?; they separate on July 19, and Soyuz splashes down on July 21, followed on July 24 by the Apollo astronauts, becoming the last Apollo mission. The original Dili Dili? On July 17 86% Muslim Indonesia seals its occupation of 97% Roman Catholic East Timor (a half-island 1.2K mi. from Jakarta and 400 mi. from Australia) with a formal annexation; on Aug. 11 a civil war between the UDT and Fretilin causes gov. Mario Lemos Pires to flee the capital Dili; on Nov. 28 Portuguese colonial rule collapses, and East Timor proclaims independence; on Dec. 5 U.S. secy. of state Henry Kissinger leaves Indonesia after visiting with pres. Suharto and giving tacit approval to a Dec. 7 invasion of East Timor by Indonesia (ends July 17, 1976), which leaves 200K of 600K dead (many of starvation) after a prolonged genocide that the world turns its back on, with appeals to the U.N. getting nowhere and U.N. observers prevented from visiting guerrillas, who fight on in the jungles for the next 24 years (until Oct. 1999). On July 17 a PIRA bomb hidden in a milk chum near Forkill (Forkhill) in County Armagh kills four British soldiers on foot patrol, breaking the Feb. truce. On July 17-18 the Black Frost (Helada Negra) (worst of the cent.) destroys 1.5B Brazilian coffee trees, over half of Brazil's total, causing other countries to halt exports until retail coffee prices jump 20 cents a lb. within two weeks. On July 22 the House of Reps. joins the Senate in voting to restore the U.S. citizenship of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee in recognition of his efforts to urge reconciliation, effective retroactively to June 13, 1865. On July 28 the W.S. Congress extends the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and broadens it to incl. Spanish-speaking and other "language minorities". On July 29 a bloodless coup replaces Col. Yakubu Gowon with Army Brig. Gen. Murtala (Muritala) Rufai Mohammed (1938-76) as pres. #4 of Nigeria on July 30 (until Feb. 13, 1976), who changes his name to Murtala Ramat Mohammed. On July 29 Gerald R. Ford becomes the first U.S. pres. to visit the site of the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland, where he pays tribute to the camp's victims while wearing a yarmulke. On July 29 the Greek Orthodox Church breaks off relations with the Vatican after the latter violates its agreement not to appoint a new Uniate bishop in Greece. On July 29 a bus carrying religious pilgrims plunges 200 ft. down the side of a mountain near Chalma, Veracruz, Mexico, killing 18 and injuring 30. On July 30 reps. of 35 countries convene in Finland for a conference on security and human rights, which on Aug. 1 results in the Helsinki Accords (Agreement) (Declaration), formalizing East-West detente by officially recognizing nat. borders in Europe, incl. the Soviet Union's conquests in WWII, along with inviolability of frontiers, mutual respect for "sovereign equality and individuality",and full support of the U.N., along with provisions for human rights, causing U.S.-based Helsinki Watch to be launched to monitor compliance, later becoming Human Rights Watch; Soviet Jews set up the Moscow Helsinki Group to publicize human rights violations; the Soviet Union keeps its 10 armored divs. in Poland; too bad, when U.S. state secy. Henry Kissinger meets with anti-Soviet vice-PM Deng Xiaoping on Oct. 21 in Beijing, he denounces the agreement, and later the same day Chmn. Mao asks him if the New York Times and Washington Post are owned by Jews like him. A riddle wrapped in cement? On July 30 former Teamsters pres. (1958-71) James Riddle "Jimmy" Hoffa (b. 1913) disappears in Detroit, Mich., and is reported missing on July 31; he is last seen on July 30 at the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Mich., where he went to meet two mob figures incl. N.J. Mafia figure (Genovese crime family) Anthony "Tony Pro" Provenzano (1917-88), and Detroit Mafia capo Anthony "Tony Jack" Giacalone (1919-2001) (former Teamsters vice-pres. and friend of Hoffa, who used union funds for personal use with his blessing, and served time with Hoffa in Lewisburg Prison, later becoming enemies), who later speculates "Maybe he took a little trip"; 10 weeks later Pres. Nixon (who pardoned Hoffa in 1971) makes his first appearance since his resignation playing golf with Provenzano; was Hoffa killed by the mob to prevent him from reclaiming the Teamster presidency? - a riddle wrapped in an enigma? On July 31 three members of the Miami Showband are killed by the Protestant UVF in County Down, Northern Ireland. In July unemployment in Britain reaches 1M. On Aug. 3 a chartered Royal Jordanian Boeing 707 carrying Moroccan workers home from a vacation in France crashes in fog on a mountain NE of Agadir, Morocco, killing all 188 aboard. On Aug. 7-8 Bangiao Dam on the Ru River in Henan Province, China fails after a freak Super Typhoon Nina (41.7 in. of rain per day), along with the smaller Shimantam Dam and 60 others, killing 100K-200K. On Aug. 8 Samuel Bronfman II (1953-), eldest son of Seagram's Ltd. (biggest liquor co. in North Am.) pres. Edgar Bronfman is kidnapped in Purchase, N.Y. by his gay lover, after which it is revealed as a hoax to extort money from daddy. On Aug. 11 the U.S. vetoes the proposed admission of North and South Vietnam to the U.N. following the Security Council's refusal to consider South Korea's application. On Aug. 11 the British govt. takes control of British Leyland Motor Corp. On Aug. 18 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 372 to admit Cape Verde; on Aug. 18 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 373 to admit Sao Tome and Principe; on Aug. 18 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 374 to admit Mozambique; on Sept. 22 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 375 to admit Papua New Guinea; on Oct. 17 it votes 14-0-1 (France) for Resolution 376 to admit Comoros; on Dec. 1 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 382 to admit Suriname. On Aug. 19 exiled king Norodom Sihanouk returns to Cambodia as head of state (until Apr. 2), although Pol Pot remains the strongman. On Aug. 20 1,270-lb. Viking 1, the first of two NASA Viking 3-legged landers built by Martin Marietta in Colo. is launched; it reaches Mars in summer 1976, becoming the first U.S. soft-landing on a planet, sending data until May 1983; on Sept. 9 Viking 2 is launched, also making a successful soft landing on Mars on Sept. 3, 1976, operating until Apr. 11, 1980 (1,281 Mars days), failing to find water, causing Mars to be abandoned for two decades; if it had dug a few more inches it might have found water? On Aug. 20 Czech Airlines 542 (Ilyushin Il-62) crashes while landing at Damascus Airport, killing 126 of 128 aboard; on Sept. 30 Malev Hungarian Airlines Flight 240 (Tupolev Tu-154) is shot down near the Lebanese shoreline, killing all 10 crew and 50 passengers aboard; Beirut Airport received artillery fire a week earlier. On Aug. 23 by 319-45 the U.S. Congress passes the U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act, requiring the production and sale of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) to be phased out in three years; Pres. Ford signs it on Oct. 12. On Aug. 27 deposed Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie (b. 1891) is murdered in a small apt. in Menelik Palace outside Addis Ababa, where he had been kept as a prisoner since last Sept. On Aug. 29 after he puts all his eggs in the wrong baskets (oil and copper), Peruvian pres. (since 1968) Juan Velasco Avarado is ousted by a bloodless coup his centrist PM (since Aug. 29, 1975), Gen. Francisco Morales Bermudez (1921-), who becomes pres. of Peru (until 1980), promising to restore civilian govt. while denationalizing state fisheries, dissolving the Nat. Agrarian Confederation, and inviting foreign investment - what did you check my anal cavity for? In Aug. after two years of parliamentary govt. in Bahrain, the Amir, Sheik Isa bin-Sulman al-Khalifa dissolves the Nat. Council. In Aug. Kampuchea (Cambodia) signs a cooperation agreement with China, hoping to check Vietnamese intrusions. In Aug. unemployment in Britain reaches 1.25M. Sept. 1975 is shoot-at-Pres.-Ford month at the U.S. Zoo? On Sept. 1 Orange Order Hall in Newtownhamilton, County Armagh, Northern Ireland is attacked by Catholic militants, killing five and injuring seven, causing the UVF to retaliate on Oct. 2, killing 12 in a series of attacks across Northern Ireland. On Sept. 1 Bougainville Island announces the formation of the "Republic of the North Solomons", but fails in its bid to secede from Papua New Guinea, which attains independence from Australia on Sept. 16 after 74 years of trusteeship; after the Bougainville Rev. Army does its stuff, it tries again unsuccessfully in 1990, then becomes an autonomous region in 2000. On Sept. 2 Joseph W. Hatchett (1932-) of Tallahassee, Fla. becomes the state's first African-Am. supreme court justice since Reconstruction; after becoming the first black elected to statewide office in Fla. by winning reelection, in 1979 he becomes the first black appointed to the federal appeals court for the Deep South - I don't care what color he is, I don't want to come up against any Judge Hatchett? On Sept. 4 Israel and Egypt sign the 2nd Israel-Egypt Peace Accord, reopening the Suez Canal to traffic. On Sept. 4 ITC Entertainment's Space: 1999 (most expensive British TV production to date) debuts for 48 episodes (until Nov. 5, 1977), starring married actors Martin Landau (1928-) and Barbara Bain (1931-) of "Mission: Impossible" fame as Cmdr. John Koenig and Dr. Helena Russell, about a nuclear explosion on the dark side of the Moon on Sept. 13, 1999 that sends it hurtling into space along with Moonbase Alpha and all 311 inhabitants. On Sept. 5 (Fri.) (10:04 a.m.) Charles Manson sex slave disciple (who lived with him during the 1969 murders, and carved an X in her forehead with other supporters during his trial) Lynette Alice "Squeaky" Fromme (1948-) pulls a .45-cal. M1911 pistol from a thigh holster and stages a mock assassination attempt on Pres. Ford as he approaches the Calif. State Capitol in Sacramento, Calif., pointing but not firing because it has four bullets in the magazine but none in the chamber; after a zany trial where she tries to represent herself, tries to call Charles Manson as a witness, throws an apple at the judge and is removed for a violent outburst, she is convicted on Nov. 26, and sentenced to life on Dec. 17 in Sacramento federal court, then paroled from a Tex. prison on Aug. 14, 2009; in 1987 she escapes from a low security woman's prison in Alderson, W. Va. to be closer to her Charlie, but is recaptured two days later; she claims she did it for the cause of environmentalism in accordance with Manson's ATWA (Air, Trees, Water, Animals) (All the Way Alive) environmentalist philosophy, with the soundbyte: "I stood up and waved a gun (at Pres. Ford) for a reason, I was so relieved not to have to shoot it, but, in truth, I came to get life. Not just my life but clean air, healthy water and respect for creatures and creation." On Sept. 5 (12:18 a.m.) after a 10-min warning, the London Hilton is bombed by the Provisional IRA, killing two and injuring 63. On Sept. 6 a 6.9 earthquake in Lice, Turkey and Diyarbakir in SE Turkey kills 2K-3K. On Sept. 8 after a year of violent protests, public schools in Boston, Mass. begin a court-ordered citywide busing program for 21K students amid scattered incidents of violence. On Sept. 9 (Tues.) the sitcom Welcome Back, Kotter debuts on ABC-TV for 95 episodes (until May 7, 1979), set in James Buchanan H.S. (really New Utrecht High) in Brooklyn, N.Y. featuring Jewish comedian Gabriel W. "Gabe" Kaplan (1944-) as wise-cracking teacher Gabriel "Gabe" Kotter, who has to watch over the remedial misfit Sweathogs of Room 111, which he founds when he was a student there, and now must try to educate out of his own former mistakes; Sweathogs incl. John Joseph Travolta (1954-) as hunky but cocky leader Vincent "Vinnie" Barbarino (known for the phrase "Up your nose with a rubber hose"), Ronald Gabriel "Ron" Palillo (1949-) as hyena-laughing Arnold Horsach (who claims that his name means "the cattle are dying"), Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs (1953-) as African-Am. char. Freddie "Boom Boom" Washington, and Robert Hegyes (1951-) as Jewish Puerto Rican Juan Luis Pedro Philippo DeHuevos Epstein; John Sylvester White (1919-88) plays vice-principal Mr. (Michael) Woodman; Kotter's wife Julie is played by Marcia Strassman (1948-) (known for her world famous tuna casserole); features the theme Welcome Back by John Sebastian. On Sept. 13 a crowded bus plunges off a cliff in Costa Rica, killing 48. On Sept. 14 Pope Paul VI declares Mother St. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton (1774-1821) the first U.S.-born Roman Catholic saint. On Sept. 14 a disgruntled unemployed teacher slashes Rembrandt's 1642 12' x 14' painting The Night Watch a dozen times with a bread knife at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam; last attack Jan. 13, 1911; in 1990 an escaped mental patient sprays sulfuric acid on it, but doesn't get past the varnish. On Sept. 15 French-run Corsica is divided into the depts. of Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud. On Sept. 16 administrators for Rhodes Scholarships announce the decision to begin offering fellowships to women. On Sept. 18 Patty Hearst and Wendy Yoshimura are arrested by the FBI in San Francisco in the kitchen of their apt.; Hearst wets her pants during the arrest; on the same day Emily and William Harris are arrested while jogging to the same apt. at Precita Ave.; Hearst is convicted of bank robbery and serves over 22 mo. in federal prison, when Pres. Carter commutes her sentence in 1979. On Sept. 21 Sultan Yahya Petra of Kelantan becomes king (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) #6 of Malaysia (until Mar. 29, 1979). Everybody doesn't like Sara Jane? On Sept. 22 (Mon.) Charles Manson disciple (former FBI informant) Sara Jane Moore (1930-) attempts to assassinate Pres. Ford in San Francisco, Calif. outside the Westin St. Francis Hotel (bordering Union Square) with a .38-cal. Smith & Wesson pistol from 40 ft. away across the street after he leaves the English Grill, firing one shot, which is deflected, after which gay ex-U.S. Marine Oliver W. "Billy" Sipple (1941-89) knocks the gun out of her hand, after which the news that he's gay makes him a San Francisco treat for gays; the bullet hole next to one of the hotel awnings becomes a tourist attraction; she pleads guilty on Dec. 12, and on Jan. 15 becomes another lesbian-meat lifer - two misses in 17 days? On Sept. 27 Franco's Spain executes five ETA and FRAP members, becoming the last executions in Spain (until ?). On Sept. 28 the Spaghetti House Siege in Knightsbridge, London sees Nigerian Franklin Davies and two others claiming to belong to the Black Liberation Army rob the restaurant's Ł13K payroll, taking nine Italian staff hostage for six days, then giving up after fiber optics technology is used as a surveillance technique. In Sept. Del. Dem. Sen. Joe Biden speaks on the U.S. Senate floor against giving the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare the power to withhold funding from districts that refuse to integrate, causing U.S. Sen. (R-N.C.) (1973-2003) Jesse Helms to welcome him "to the ranks of the enlightened"; Biden's measure to prevent schools from using federal dollars to assign teachers and students by race passes by 50-43; in 1977 Biden speaks at a hearing about busing of students to desegregate public schools, uttering the soundbyte: "Unless we do something about this, my children are going to grow up in a jungle, the jungle being a racial jungle with tensions having built so high that it is going to explode at some point. We have got to make some move on this." In Sept. Iraq vice-pres. Saddam Hussein announces that the French are supplying Iraq with a light-water nuclear materials testing reactor called Osirak (Osiraq), which is completed 11 mi. SE of Baghdad in 1977; too bad, he mentions that it is the first step in the production of an Arab nuke, causing the Israelis to begin planning to destroy it, which they finally do on June 7, 1981. In Sept.-Oct. the Maori Land March in New Zealand sees 5K march from Te Hapua to Wellington to protest govt. takeaway of Maori land, led by Dame Whina Cooper (1895-1994). On Oct. 2 Norwegian king Olav V extends fishing limits to 200 mi. On Oct. 2 a Canadadian Industries Ltd. explosives factory in Beloeil, Quebec blows up, killing six, injuring seven, and causing $1.7M damage. On Oct. 3 Dutch industrialist Tiede Herrema (1921-) is kidnapped in Castletroy, Limerick on his way home by Provisional IRA members Eddie Gallagher and Marion Coyle (1954-), who demand the release of three IRA prisoners incl. Gallagher's wealthy babe Bridget Rose Dugdale (1941-) (who robbed the home of wealthy Sir Alfred Beit on Apr. 26, 1974 and stole 19 old masters valued at Ł8M, and gave birth to Gallagher's child in priz on Dec. 12, 1974) after the kidnappers are traced to a house in Monasterevin, County Kildare, a 2-week siege ends in his release unharmed on Nov. 7; Gallagher is given a 20-year sentence, and Coyle 15 years; on Jan. 24, 1978 Dugdale and Gallagher become the first convicts to marry in prison in the history of the Repub. of Ireland. On Oct. 9 a Provisional IRA bomb explodes outside the Green Park Tube Station near Piccadilly, London, killing one and injuring 20. On Oct. 9 Soviet nuclear physicist Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (1921-89) is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. On Oct. 10 Pres. Ford lifts the U.S. embargo on grain sales to Poland; on Oct. 20 the Soviets agree to buy 6M-8M tons of U.S. wheat and corn a year through 1981. On Oct. 11 Ibn Saud's 23rd son prince Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1934-2012) becomes Saudi interior minister (until June 16, 2012), going on to be appointed crown prince and first deputy PM by King Abdullah on Oct. 2, 2011. On Oct. 11 (Sat.) (11:30 p.m.) the TV sketch comedy variety show Saturday Night Live (SNL) (NBC Saturday Night), named after an article in The New Yorker titled "Tribal Rites of the New Saturday Night" debuts on NBC-TV in New York City (Studio 8H) with guest host George Carlin, and writer Michael O'Donoghue ("I would like to feed your fingertips to the wolverines"), along with musical guests Billy Preston, and "Society's Child" singer Janis Ian; regular stars incl. Garrett Gonzalez Morris (1937-) (black), Cornelius Crane "Chevy" Chase (1943-), Gilda Susan Radner (1946-89), Jane Therese Curtin (1947-), John Adam Belushi (1949-82), William James "Bill" Murray (1950-), Daniel Edward "Dan" Aykroyd (1952-), and Laraine Newman (1952-). You don't have to go the Republic of Boulder to get a same-sex marriage? On Oct. 11 Bill Clinton (b. 1946) marries fellat, er, fellow atty. Hillary Rodham (b. 1947) in Fayettevile, Ark. in a brick house he purchased for her (a little too close to Halloween but not close enough to be called a witch?); they first met in spring 1971 in Yale Law School, their first date was to view a Mark Rothko exhibit, and when she got a summer job in Calif. he followed her and their first date there was at a Billy Graham crusade; they honeymoon in Haiti, meeting a voodoo priest and visiting a hotel once stayed in by Ernest Hemingway; Hillary shocks their mothers by insisting on keeping the name Rodham; meanwhile Hillary defends her first major criminal defendant Thomas Alfred Taylor (1934-), who was accused of raping a 12-y.-o. girl, getting him off a 30-life sentence with a guilty plea to lesser charges using a legal technicality; on June 15, 2014 the Washington Free Bacon, er, Washington Free Beacon pub. an audio tape from 1983-7 of Hillary talking about the case, seeming to suggest that she knew he was guilty, with the laughing soundbyte: "I had him take a polygraph, which he passed, which forever destroyed my faith in polygraphs", also laughing when discussing how DNA evidence was accidentally destroyed by a crime lab, causing the victim to utter the soundbyte: "You took me through Hell... I realize the truth now, the heart of what you've done to me. And you're supposed to be for women? You call that for women, what you did to me? And I hear you on tape laughing" - ha ha, I brought home the bacon? On Oct. 11-22 the Cincinnati Reds (NL) defeat the Boston Red Sox (AL) 4-3 to win the Seventy-Second (72nd) (1975) World Series; on Oct. 21 (Game 6) (postponed 3 days because of rain) (one of the best WS games of all time) stoned Red Sox hitter Bernardo "Bernie" Carbo (1947-) (who delayed a game against the Yankees on June 26 for 10 min. to search for a dropped chaw of tobacco) slugs a pinch-hit homer to overcome a 3-run deficit, after which Red Sox catcher Carlton Ernest "Pudge" Fiske (1947-) scores a 12th-inning homer after he waves it fair and it lands near the left field foul pole (later named the Fisk Pole) to win and keep them alive; MVP is #14 Peter Edward "Pete" Rose Sr. (1942-) ("Charlie Hustle") of Cincinnati. On Oct. 16 the Balibo Five, five Australian journalists are executed in Balibo, East Timor by Indonesian troops, after which the Australian govt. stages a coverup. On Oct. 20 the weeknight in-depth 30 min. news show Robert MacNeil Report debuts on PBS (noncommercial) TV, hosted by WNET of New York (changing in 1976 to "MacNeil/Lehrer Report", then going to 1 hour in 1983 as the "MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour"), featuring Montreal-born Canadian journalist Robert Breckenridge Ware MacNeill (1931-) and Kan.-born Am. journalist James "Jim" Lehrer (1934-) (who first teamed in 1973 for Emmy-Award winning coverage of the Senate Watergate Hearings), daring to be boring with a 1-hour low-budget alternative to the half-hour big budget network evening news; in 1995 MacNeil retires and it becomes the "Jim Lehrer News Hour". On Oct. 24 London ex-model and stable boy Norman Scott (1940-) is almost assassinated by ex-airline pilot Andrew Newton as he walks his Great Dane bitch Rink along a road in Exmoor, Somerset, England, charging that Liberal Party leader (1967-76) John Jeremy Thorpe (1929-) paid the hit man Ł5K to silence him from exposing their 1961 gay fling; the dog is killed; Thorpe is cleared in 1979 after 6 weeks of testimony and deliberation, ruining his political career. On Oct. 26 Anwar Sadat becomes the first Egyptian pres. to pay an official visit to the U.S., incl. Pres. Ford. On Oct. 27 after raping and stabbing his 17-y.-o. babe Kim Rabot to death, 18-y.-o. student Robert Poulin (b. 1957) shoots and kills one and wounds five at St. Pius X H.S. in Ottawa, Canada with a shotgun before committing suicide. On Oct. 30 the New York Daily News runs the headline "Ford to City: Drop Dead" a day after he said he would veto any proposed federal bailout of New York City, which is about to default on its bonds despite setting up the Municipal Assistance Corp. (MAC) and the Emergency Financial Control Board (EFCB); on Dec. 8 the House of Reps. by 275-130 passes a $6.9B federal loan ($2.3B a year through June 30, 1978) (proposed by Ford on Nov. 26), and he signs it on Dec. 9; Columbia U. prof. Donna Edna Shalala (1941-) is appointed dir. of MAC to handle the crisis, after which she becomes a darling of the Carter and Clinton admins., esp. because she is Arab-Am. On Oct. 30 15-y.-o. Martha Moxey (b. 1960) is murdered in Greenwich, Conn.; after remaining unsolved for 20 years, Michael Skakel (1960-), son of Rushton Skakel, brother of RFK's wife Ethel Skakel Kennedy is convicted in 2002 of her murder, and sentenced to 20-life, then in 2013 after Kennedy Powah by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is used is granted a new trial and released on $1.2M bail. On Oct. 31 the body of English ho Wilma McCann (b. 1947) (killed Oct. 29) is discovered, causing the media to rave about the Yorkshire Ripper, known for beating hos in the head with a hammer and stabbing them with a screwdriver; he turns out to be truck driver Peter William Sutcliffe (1946-), who isn't caught until Jan. 2, 1981 after killing 13 women and leaving seven more for dead in the Midlands and N England. On Nov. 2 after the Rockefeller Commission reveals excesses committed by the CIA, Pres. Ford dismisses CIA dir. William E. Colby and U.S. defense secy. James R. Schlesinger; on Nov. 20 after the Senate confirms him on Nov. 11, Donald Henry Rumsfeld (1932-2021) becomes U.S. defense secy. #13 (until Jan. 20, 1977) (youngest ever), with Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (1941-) as Ford's chief of staff (until Jan. 20, 1977); on Jan. 20, 2001 Rumsfeld becomes the oldest defense secy. (#21) (until Dec. 18, 2006); one of Rumsfeld's first acts is to order the coverup of the 1967 Tiger Force atrocities in Vietnam - he got the art of the double-cross down real fast? On Nov. 3 U.S. toy co. Mattel is revealed to have fabricated press releases and financial documents to "maintain the appearance of continued growth", causing the founders Ruth and Elliot Handler resign. On Nov. 3 the first oil pipeline opens from Cruden Bay to Grangemouth in Scotland. On Nov. 3 The Price is Right U.S. TV game show (begun 1956) goes from a 30-min. to 1 hour format. On Nov. 5 British PM Harold Wilson announces that in view of high unemployment, govt. aid to industry must take precedence over social welfare programs. On Nov. 5 the Travis Walton UFO Incident begins when forestry worker Travis Walton (1953-) is allegedly abducted by ETs in the Apache-Sitgreaves Nat. Forests near Snowflake, Ariz., and reappears after a 5-day search, becoming one of the best-documented alien abduction incidents, convincing UFOlogists, although skeptics call it a hoax; in 1978 he pub. the book Fire in the Sky: The Walton Experience, which becomes the basis of the Mar. 12, 1993 Paramount Pictures film Fire in the Sky. On Nov. 6 after the Internat. Court of Justice rules that the Sahrawi people of sparsely-populated desert Western Sahara N of Mauritania and S of Morocco and Algeria (which has been ruled since 1884 as Spanish Sahara, and have been getting increasingly vocal since 1973) have a right to independence and self-determination, 300K unarmed Moroccans begin the Green March, crossing the border en masse from Tarfaya in S Morocco to back Hassan II's contention that it is part of Morocco; on Nov. 14 after signing a secret agreement with Morocco and Mauritania, the Spaniards abandon the territory, and the other two move in and annex their claims, with Morocco getting the N two-thirds (Southern Provinces), and Mauritania getting the S third (Tiris al-Gharbiyya); the Algerian-backed independence movement called the Polisario Front begins fighting them both, causing Morocco in Aug. 1980-Apr. 1987 to begin building the 2.7km-long 3m-high Moroccan Wall (Western Sahara Berm) (AKA Wall of Shame), a sand wall to keep them out, while on Feb. 27, 1976 the Polisario Front founds the Sahrawi Arab Dem. Repub. in the Free Zone to the E (until ?); the Western Sahara War drags on until Sept. 6, 1991. On Nov. 6 the Sex Pistols play their first concert at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design; Bazooka Joe headlines, turning on member Stuart Leslie Goddard (1954-) so much that he quits to form his own punk rock group the B-sides, which changes to the Monochrome Set then Adam and the Ants. On Nov. 7 bodacious Wonder Woman debuts on ABC-TV for 59 episodes, switching to CBS-TV next year (until Sept. 11, 1979), starring Lynda Carter (1951-) as Princess Diana/Diana Prince/Wonder Woman, who wears the bracelets of submission, and Lyle Waggoner (1935-) as Steve Trevor. On Nov. 10 by 72-35-32 the infamous Arab-sponsored U.N. General Assembly Resolution 3379 (co-sponsored by Fidel Castro) is adopted, equating Zionism with racism, as if wanting to live in one's ancestral homeland after two thousand years of suffering racism is racist, and wanting pesky hate-filled Muslim locust Arabs to resettle in Arab lands with others of the same mental sickness instead of fighting their attempts at setting up Muslim superiority Sharia where Jews have to pay a yearly jizya tax just to not be murdered is racial discrimination, when they're all the same race and it's about religious ideology; of course it caused a worldwide Jewish outcry, with U.S. ambassador Daniel Patrick Moynihan saying that the U.S. will never "acquiesce in this infamous act"; it is revoked on Dec. 16, 1991, becoming the first and only resolution the U.N. revoked (until ?). On Nov. 10 after its radar antenna is knocked out by 60 mph winds, the 729-ft. ore-hauling ship SS Edmund Fitzgerald (largest on the Great Lakes when launched on June 7, 1958) and its crew of 29 (incl. 5 officers) vanishes during a storm (worst autumn storm in 35 years) on Lake Superior 17 mi. fom its destination of White Fish Bay, Minn.; new rules are set up requiring ships two have two separate radar sets; Gordon Lightfoot immortalizes it in his song The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. On Nov. 11 after admin. blunders, inflation and unemployment cause him to lose support of parliament, and his Medibank universal health insurance system and other liberal programs are rejected, plus he manages to be overseas during three major disasters (Darwin cyclone, Brisbane floods, Hobart Bridge collapse), causing him to become known as the "tourist PM", and he gets into a war with right-winger senator John Malcolm Fraser (1930-) (who is backed by Rupert Murdoch), Labor Party PM (since Dec. 5, 1972) Edward Gough Whitlam is removed by gov.-gen. Sir John Kerr in favor of Fraser, who becomes PM #22 of Australia (until Mar. 11, 1983), becoming the first time in 200 years that the British crown removes an elected PM; Fraser wins electoral approval in Dec.; Fraser pays Murdoch back by getting laws on TV station ownership changed to allow him to maintain his residence outside the country. On Nov. 15 the Communist Parties of France and Italy (the two largest) issue a Joint Statement affirming the dem. process and declaring opposition to "foreign interference", specifically "American imperalism", although Soviet imperialism isn't mentioned but implied? On Nov. 20 after 36 years of absolutist rule (1939-75), Spain's Genalissimo Francisco Franco (b. 1892) dies, and on Nov. 22 Prince Juan Carlos Alfonso Victor Maria de Borbon, grandson of king Alfonso XIII (acting head of state since Oct. 30) becomes Juan Carlos I (1938-) of Spain (until June 19, 2014), its first king in 44 years, the crowds chanting "Viva el rey"; by the new constitution the kingship becomes hereditary again; PM Carlos Arias Novarro, who announced Franco's death stays on until next year. On Nov. 22 the Drummuckavall Ambush by the PIRA in South Armagh kills three British soldiers and captures one - named Jody? On Nov. 22 Colombian police seize 600 kilos of cocaine from a small plane at the Cali airport, triggering the Medellin (Medellín) Massacre and revealing the size and power of the new Medellin (Medellín) Cartel of cocaine traffickers who moved to fill the vacuum left by the French Connection heroin traffickers, incl. Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (1949-93) ("the King of Cocaine"), Carlos Lehder (Carlos Enrique Lehder Rivas) (1949-) ("the Colombian Rambo"), Jorge Luis Ochoa Vasquez (1950-), and Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha (1947-89) ("El Mexicano"); in 1978 Carlos Lehder sets up on Norman's Cay Island in the Bahamas 210 mi. off the Fla. coast, shipping millions of dollars a day of cocaine and heroin by jet and small aircraft to the S U.S. from his own airstrip until 1982, after which the heat moves in and he is extradited to the U.S. in 1987 and given a life + 135 year sentence; in the 1980s the cartel ships 80 tons/month amid bloody fights with rival cartels, turning Colombia into the murder capital of the world; on Dec. 15, 1989 Gacha is killed by Colombian police in Tolu; on Dec. 2, 1993 Escobar is killed by Colombian police in his hometown of Medellin. On Nov. 25 after delaying two years in accepting the Netherlands' offer, Suriname (don't spell it Surinam or they get pissed-off?) (pop. 400K) (formerly Dutch Guiana) becomes independent of the Netherlands after 160 years, with Creole PM (since Dec. 24, 1973) former banker) Henck Alphonsus Eugene Arron (1936-2000) as PM #1 (until Feb. 25, 1980), becoming the South Am. country with the smallest pop. after 40K leave for the Netherlands, going on to face high unemployment. On Nov. 25 the IRA is officially outlawed in the U.K. On Nov. 25 the Portuguese Communist Party under pro-Soviet-to-the-end secy.-gen. (1961-92) Alvaro Barreirinhas Cunhal (1913-2005) attempts a coup in Lisbon with leftist army paratroops, after which Gen. Antonio de Spinola returns, getting a promotion to field marshal in 1981. On Nov. 6 Communist China launches its 3rd Fanhui Shi Weixing (Chin. "recoverable satellite"), which is recovered on Nov. 9 (the first to be recovered?); 23 more flights to go, mainly for recon. On Nov. 28 super-popular The Edge Of Night, U.S. TV's first 30-min. soap opera (debut on Apr. 2, 1956) airs its last show on CBS-TV, and moves to ABC-TV until Dec. 28, 1984 for a total of 7,420 episodes. On Nov. 28 the 1975 U.S. Age Discrimination in Employment Act is passed to strengthen the 1967 law that protects workers over age 40. On Nov. 28 Pres. Ford nominates Chicago-born Repub. federal judge John Paul Stevens (1920-) (Protestant) of Ill. to the U.S. Supreme Court seat vacated by William O. Douglas (b. 1898), who has served since 1939 (longest in history); he is confirmed as U.S. Supreme Court justice #101 on Dec. 17, and is sworn-in on Dec. 19 (until June 29, 2010); thought to be a moderate conservative at first (he's from Chicago and...) he becomes the "key 5th vote" in pro-liberal votes on abortion and limitation of pres. power, although Ford later says he wants his presidency judged on the soundness of his choice - now all we need is a John Paul in the Vatican for balance? Don't call me homey boy no mo'? On Nov. 28 after taking advantage of the Communist revolt in Lisbon, the Dem. Repub. of East Timor is proclaimed, with dirt-poor Jose Manuel Ramos-Horta (1949-) as foreign minister, who heads for New York City to plead his case before the U.S. three days before Indonesian troops invade on Dec. 7, killing 102K; meanwhile back home Roman Catholic bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo (1948-) arrives from Portugal in 1981, writing to the U.N. secy.-gen., pope, and pres. of Portugal in 1989 to call for a U.N. referendum on the issue. On Nov. 29 a 7.2 earthquake hits Kalapana, Hawaii, causing a tsunami which kills two in Halape. On Nov. 29 the submarine USS Proteus (A-19) discharges radioactive coolant into Apra Harbor, Guam, fouling the beaches with 50x the allowable dose. On Nov. 30 (Dec. 24 in the U.K.) Bing Crosby (1903-77) (who died on Oct. 14) debuts his Christmas CBS-TV special Bing Crosby's Merrie Olde Christmas (his last TV special); he and David Bowie (1947-2016) thrill viewers with a rendition of The Little Drummer Boy/Peace on Earth; Bowie did it because his mother was a big Bing Crosby fan? In Nov. after the Nov. 8, 1973 agreement ends, the Third Cod War between Britain and Iceland begins (ends June 1976) after Iceland extends its territorial limit to 200 nmi. (370km), and Britain refuses to accept it. In Nov. the Nuclear (London) Suppliers Group holds its first meeting in London to agree on guidelines for export of nuclear technology; after holding a series of meetings in 1975-8, it doesn't meet again until 1991. On Dec. 1 the Lambda Theta Phi Latino fraternity is founded at Kean College in Union, N.J. On Dec. 2-14 the Wijster Hostage Crisis in N Netherlands sees seven South Moluccan terrorists seize a train with 50 passengers, killing two before surrendering due to subzero temperatures; they receive 14-year sentences; leader Eli Hahury commits suicide in prison in 1978. On Dec. 3 Jacques Cousteau discovers the wreck of the HMHS Britannic in the Kea Channel in Greece, which sunk on Nov. 21, 1916. On Dec. 6 Kan.-born Repub. pres. candidate Robert J. Dole (b. 1923) marries N.C.-born Duke U. grad. Mary Elizabeth Hanford (b. 1936), who switches from the Dem. Party for him. On Dec. 2 the World Council of Churches in Nairobi, Kenya elects two women pastors. On Dec. 6-12 the Balcolmbe St. Siege in London sees four Provisional IRA members of the Balcombe Street Gang hold two hostages in an apt. until surrendering. On Dec. 14 six South Moluccan extremists surrender after holding 23 hostages for 12 days on a train near the Dutch town of Beilen. On Dec. 15 The Village Voice pub. an interview of Repub. Sen. Richard Schweiker, member of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, containing the soundbyte: "We do know Oswald has intelligence connections. Everywhere you look with him, there're fingerprints of intelligence"; too bad, Schweiker points the finger at Castro. On Dec. 16 (Tues.) the Norman Lear series One Day at a Time debuts on CBS-TV for 209 episodes (until May 28, 1984), created by husband-wife team Whitney Blake (1926-2002) (mother of Meredith Baxter) and Allan Manings as a 2nd-gen. feminist show, starring Bonnie Gail Franklin (1944-) as divorced mother Ann Romano, Laura Mackenzie Phillips (1959-) and Valerie Anne Bertinelli (1960-) as her teenie daughters Julie and Barbara Cooper, and Daniel Patrick "Pat" Harrington Jr. (1929-) as their bldg. supt. Schneider. On Dec. 17 (Wed.) the crime series The Blue Knight debuts on CBS-TV for 24 episodes, based on the 1973 novel by Joseph Wambaugh, starring George Harris Kennedy Jr. (1925-) as veteran LAPD Officer Bumper Morgan. On Dec. 19 the Protestant Ulster loyalist anti-IRA Red Hand Commandos (founded 1972) kill five Catholic civilians in South Armagh and Louth, Northern Ireland. On Dec. 19 Evelyn Mandac (1945-) becomes the first Filipina soprana to debut at the Metropolitan Opera as Loretta in the 1918 Puccini opera "Gianni Schicchi". On Dec. 21 Palestinian guerrillas more radical than the PLO called the Arm of the Arab Rev. led by Carlos the Jackal invade an OPEC conference in Vienna, killing three then taking 63 hostages, incl. 11 OPEC ministers, then demanding a bus and jet along with an anti-Israel political statement broadcast over the radio; the OPEC doesn't hold another summit until 2000. On Dec. 22 after the 1973-4 oil embargo finally makes Congress see the light despite calls for it since 1944, Pres. Ford signs the U.S. Energy Policy and Conservation Act, setting gasoline mileage standards for automobiles and authorizing the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve at four underground salt caverns on the Gulf of Mexico (Bryan Mound in Freeport, Tx., Big Hill in Winnie, Tex., West Hackberry in Lake Charles, La., Bayou Choctaw in Baton Rouge, La.) to provide a guaranteed domestic supply, storing 727M barrels (about a 1 mo. supply, or 110 days of imported oil); the Weeks Island cavern in Iberia Parish, La., formerly owned by Morton Salt is decommissioned in 1999 after a fresh water sinkhole forms; a 5th facility in Richton, Miss. is announced in Feb. 2007. On Dec. 22 after his father William Andrew Cecil Bennett (b. 1900) (PM since 1952) resigns in 1972 and he becomes Social Credit Party leader in 1973, William Richards "Bill" Bennett (1932-2015) (mini-WAC) becomes PM #27 of British Columbia, Canada (until Aug. 6, 1986). On Dec. 22 Manson family member Sandra Collins Good (1944-) (nicknamed Blue by Manson to represent clean air and water) and Manson devotee Susan Murphy are indicted for conspiracy to send threatening letters to 170 corporate execs to stop polluting the environment, with Good serving 10 years of a 15-year sentence and later leading a campaign against Internat. Paper Co. for polluting Lake Champlain. On Dec. 23 Pres. Ford signs the U.S. Metric Conversion Act of 1975, giving official federal sanction to converting to the metric system and establishing a 17-member U.S. Metric Board; too bad, Pres. Reagan's advisors Lyn Nofziger and Frank Mankiewicz talk him into dissolving it in 1982. On Dec. 26 the Soviet Union inaugurates the world's first supersonic transport service with a flight of its Tupolev-144 airliner from Moscow to Alma-Ata. On Dec. 27 a coal mine explosion followed by flooding from a nearby reservoir kills 372 in Dhanbad, India. On Dec. 29 a bomb explodes in the baggage claim area of the main terminal of New York's La Guardia Airport, killing 14 and injuring 70. On Dec. 31 the U.S. Congress passes the U.S. Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA), requiring financial institutions to collect loan info., report it to the govt., and make it available to the public. On Dec. 31 the NBC Peacock Logo (11 plumes in the tail) (first used in 1956) is retired - they know the U.S. is no longer the cock of the rock? On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 858.71 (vs. 616.24 at the end of 1974). In Dec. in Austria Saudi oil minister Sheik Ahmed Zaki Yamani and other oil ministers are kidnapped at an OPEC gathering in Vienna; three people are killed and 11 taken hostage; the ministers are taken to N Africa in a hijacked plane and $1B ransom demanded before they are freed; the attack is attributed to Carlos the Jackal. In Dec. N.D.-born ad copywriter Gary Ross Dahl (1936-2015 sells 1.5M Pet Rocks to gullible Americans before the craze skids at the end of the year. The Gilbert and Ellice Islands in the W Pacific are separated, and the nine Ellice Islands are given home rule and renamed Tuvalu, becoming the 4th smallest country on Earth. Abortions are legalized in France. Italy revises its laws, putting its 15 regional govts. in control of most nat. and local public admin., causing new parties concentrated on specific regions to form; meanwhile the state insurance fund is extended, guaranteeing laid-off workers 80% of their pay for up to a year, and family legislation is revised to abolish dowries, allow wives to retain maiden names, and give married women the right to live where they choose; the min. age for marriage is reduced to 18 for both sexes, and illegitimate children are granted equal status with legitimate ones. The Fifth Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) convenes in Nairobi Kenya, and calls for a "radical transformation of civilization" - one, animals can talk, two, nothing is too heavy to lift? New York City's Council of Churches rejects the Unification Church of Rev. Sun Myung Moon for membership. Am. historian Daniel Joseph Boorstin (1914-2004) becomes head librarian of the Library of Congress on its 175th birthday (until 1987). Pakistan's nuclear program takes off with the return of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936-), a German-trained Muslim metallurgist who learned how to steal bomb-making materials without getting caught; he becomes a hero in Pakistan, then branches out, helping other countries get nukes incl. Libya, Iran, and North Korea, while China supplies highly enriched uranium along with nuclear bomb designs; the Klaus Fuchs of Pakistan? - abnormal kill-deer king? Israeli defense minister Shimon Peres holds secret meetings with South African defense minister P.W. Botha to supply nuclear warheads in "three sizes"; the minutes aren't made public until 2010. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), created in 1938 to inquire into subversive activities in the U.S. (now the House Internal Security Committee) is finally dissolved; meanwhile after the Watergate affair tips them off to hanky-panky by the CIA and FBI, the 9-mo. Senate Select (Church) Committee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence, chaired by Sen. (D-Idaho) Frank Forrester Church III (1924-84), and incl. John Tower (R-Tex.), Walter Mondale (D-Minn.), and Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz.) to investigate CIA and FBI involvement in assassination attempts on Fidel Castro of Cuba, Salvador Allende of Chile et al., pub. the 661-page Church Committee Report, which concludes that many U.S. intel operations were without merit and begun without proper authorization, calling it "unacceptable in our society", with Church calling the CIA a "rogue elephant", causing Pres. Ford next year to issue Executive Order 11905, banning the assassination of foreign leaders (until ?), followed on Oct. 25, 1978 by Pres. Carter signing the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978, setting up the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to oversee requests for surveillance warrants of suspected foreign intel agents inside the U.S., with no obligation to provide info. to Congress other than semi-annual reports on the number approved; former FBI intel dir. William Cornelius Sullivan (1912-77), who broke with Hoover and was fired on Oct. 1, 1971 testifies before the Senate Intel Committee about Hoover's COINTELPRO dirty tricks counterintel program, with the soundbyte: "Never once did I hear anybody, including myself raise the question, is this course of action which we have agreed upon lawful, is it legal, is it ethical or moral?"; after 9/11 shakes things up, on Aug. 5, 2007 the U.S. Protect America Act of 2007 restricts FISA protections to "persons in the United States and not foreign targets located in foreign lands" (Pres. George W. Bush) - they were getting closer to figuring out that JFK was one of their hits? Panama joins the nonaligned movement, which combined with clandestine support of the Nicaraguan Sandanistas ends its pro-U.S. stance. U.S. secy. of state Henry Kissinger meets with an Iraqi diplomat, and utters the soundbyte: "We don't need Israel for influence in the Arab world. On the contrary, Israel does us more harm than good in the Arab world... We can't negotiate about the existence of Israel but we can reduce its size to historical proportions." The U.S. ratifies a ban on poison gas established in the Geneva Protocol. Mexico begins spraying Paraquat on illegal marijuana fields, with $35M funding from the U.S.; too bad, sellers still sell it, causing U.S. smokers to march on Washington, D.C. and get support cut in Oct. 1979. As a result of the OPEC Oil Embargo, the U.S. Congress authorizes the Dept. of Transportation to set and enforce automobile efficiency standards; the Calif. Pollution Control Board mandates catalytic converters on all cars sold in the state; a safety and perf. rating system for tires, devised by F. Cecil Brenner (1919-98) is adopted as a U.S. standard. In Brazil the military govt. launches a "pro-alcohol" program as a source of fuel in response to the first oil crisis which hit in 1973, causing the country to import 80% of its fuel. Mauna Loa in Hawaii erupts for the 1st time since 1950. The U.S. FDA bans the sale of turtles with shells that measure less than 4 in. long because of salmonella concerns. Atlantic salmon return to spawn in the Connecticut River after a cent., caused by a 1973 restocking effort. Calif. gov. Jerry Brown signs a bill that reduces the penalty for possession of marijuana to a $100 fine - after they break into your home and shoot it up and need a coverstory to get away with it? The short-handled hoe ("el cortito") is banished from Calif. farm fields due to its debilitating effect on worker health. Pope Paul VI chooses this year as a holy year; the last was 1950; he canonizes five saints, and becomes the first pope to kiss the feet of an envoy of the Orthodox Patriarch - does that make him the Roman Idol? The U.S. govt. restores the self-govt. of the Cherokee Nation in Okla., which they had taken away in 1907. The U.S. Coast Guard Academy in New London, Conn. (founded 1876) admits its first women students. The 408-y.-o. Rugby School public (private to Americans) school in England goes coed. Victoria, Australia abolishes capital punishment. South Australia becomes the first Australian state to decriminalize homosexuality. 18.8K-acre Tortuguero Nat. Park in Costa Rica is established to protect the nesting areas of the endangered green turtle Chelonia mydas and other turtles after efforts by Am. herpetologist Archie Fairly Carr Jr. (1909-87). The U.S. Congress establishes 219K-acre Voyageurs Nat. Park in N Minn. on an 18th cent. French-Canadian fur trading route. Busch Gardens Williamsburg Theme Park in Va. opens, later voted world's most beautiful theme park. After lobbying by Jewish-Am. former actress and kindergarten teacher Fran Lee (Mrs. Samuel Weiss) (1910-), New York City enacts a "pooper scooper" law. Maine fishermen begin cultivating the European oyster Ostrea edulus, which is more profitable than Am. varieties; it soon is adopted in the Am. Northwest. 3,339-acre Roxborough State Park in Douglas County 20 mi. S of Denver, Colo. is established, becoming known for its dramatic red sandstone formations; in 1980 it is recognized as a nat. natural landmark; in ? the town of Roxborough Park, Colo. (modern pop. 9.1K) is founded E of Roxborough State Park and Pike Nat. Forest 25 mi. SW of Denver on the Dakota Hogback; in 1960 Charles Lamb discovers a Columbian mammoth in in Lamb Springs, becoming the first of many mammoth bone finds; Arrowhead Golf Club is founded in ?, becoming one of the most scenic golf courses on Earth. AMC introduces the AMC Pacer, the first wide small car. Calif.-born dyslexic Charles Robert Schwab Jr. (1937-) founds the discount brokerage firm Charles Schwab Corp., which becomes known as "the K-Mart of the stock market". The Disco Craze goes bigtime in the U.S., with clubs buying 12-in. vinyl singles so people can dance longer to the same tune. The BBC-TV series Poldark, based on the Winston Graham novels about 18th-19th cent. Cornwall is a big hit, with audiences of 14M causing church services to be canceled while it's showing. This year sees Captain and Tennille (Daryl Dragon and Toni Tennille) at the top of the U.S. pop charts. launching the Punk Rock genre, really a subculture, which branches off into the subgenre of New Wave, both of which are launched in the U.S. at the CBGB (Country, Bluegrass, and Blues) club at 315 Bowery at Bleecker St. in Manhattan (founded 1973 by Hilly Krystal) (the one with the white awning), where the Ramones (from Forest Hills, Queens, N.Y.) (the first punk rock group?) (first public perf. on Mar. 30, 1974, followed by 2,262 more over the next 22 years), Blondie, Talking Heads, The Cramps et al. play for small crowds paying a $1 cover charge; Max's Kansas City at 213 Park Ave. South in Manhattan also contributes; by the late 1970s Blondie dominates the pop music landscape; Max's closes in Nov. 1981, and CBGB closes in Oct. 2005 - here's me, here's my depression? Anti-apartheid activist Desmond Mpilo Tutu (1931-) is elected as the first black dean of St. Mary's Anglican Cathedral in Johannesburg, South Africa. CanWest Global Communications Corp. in Canada is founded by Jewish atty.-politician Israel Harold "Izzy" Asper (1932-2003). After resigning from Jamaat-e-Islami in Apr. 1957 because it believed in electoral politics, Tanzeem-e-Islami is founded in Lahore, Pakistan by Israr Ahmad (Ahmed) (1932-2010) to establish an Islamic caliphate in Pakistan. Tex.-born Christian fundamentalist direct mail campaign pioneer Richard Art Viguerie (1933-) founds the Conservative Digest in Washington, D.C., which encourages Christian fundamentalists to go into politics and fight Roe v. Wade et al. Retired U.S. Army Col. Robert K. Brown (1933-) founds Soldier of Fortune mag. in unlikely-but-safe hippie-town Boulder, Colo., which becomes the mag. of choice for would-be mercenaries who are out of the Vietnam biz but want to stay fit. The Notebooks of Thomas Mann are opened 20 years after his death per his request. An unpub. work by James Joyce is found at the U. of Padua. The Jehovah's Witnesses stir up believers with frightening Bible-quoting predictions that Armageddon will come this year; after they are proved wrong they suffer massive defections, but survive and never again fix on a specific date, finally accepting the part of the Bible that says that no one knows the exact time, not even the angels or the Son of Man, but the Father alone (Matt. 24:36); actually, there's no need anymore since all those who wanted a fixed date quit? The Ojai Foundation in Calif. is founded on land purchased in 1927 by Annie Besant; in 1979-89 Am. anthropologist Joan Halifax (1942-) becomes dir. Piacenza-born Italian fashion designer Giorgio Armani (1934-) founds his own fashion house in Milan with $1K in capital to produce men's clothing; by 2005 sales are $1.7B with 4.7K employees, 13 factories, and 300 stores in 36 countries; he goes on to become Italy's #1 fashion designer, the first to ban models with a BMI under 18, and design stage costumes for Lady Gaga, achieving a net worth of $8.5B. The W.T. Grant store chain files bankruptcy, claiming billions in debt, becoming the 2nd largest U.S. bankruptcy after Penn Central. The 136-312 grizzly bears in Yellowstone Nat. Park are put on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's threatened species list; by 2007 there are over 500, and they are delisted. The First Women's Bank opens in New York City, becoming the first U.S. bank operated by women. The U.S. goes wild with 725K hysterectomies performed this year, up 25% since 1970, 2.5x the rate in Britain and 4x the rate in Sweden. Gen. Foods begins marketing Pop Rocks, carbonated candy ("Popping Candy"), patented on Dec. 12, 1961 (#3,012,893) by chemist William A. "Bill" Mitchell (1911-2004) (inventor of Tang, Cool Whip, quick-set Jell-O, powdered egg whites, etc.), which becomes a favorite aid for cunnilingus (bad idea); too bad, a false rumor that "Mikey" died after mixing it with soda pop (making his stomach explode) causes sales to sag, and it is withdrawn in 1983-5 after it proves to have a short shelf life. McDonald's Restaurants begins an ad campaign for the Big Mac sandwich, featuring the 71-letter word "Twoallbeefpattiesspecialsaucelettucecheesepicklesonionsonasesameseedbun". The Wrather Corp. stinks up its name by taking the mask away from Jack Carlton "Clayton" Moore (1914-99), who had played the Lone Ranger for over 30 years (since 1949). The Am. crocodile is listed as an endangered species when only 20 breeding females are counted in Fla. An animal encephalitis outbreak strikes 16 U.S. states. The European Space Agency (ESA) is established, with HQ in Paris; by 2009 it has 18 member states. Colo. Gov. Richard Lamm orders the Colo. Bureau of Investigation to examine Colo. livestock mutilations; the first strange livestock death was back in 1810; the first in Colo. was in Alamosa in 1967, a gelding named Lady AKA Snippy, after which 8K mutiliations were reported in the U.S.; next year they conclude that all but a few can be attributed to predators and/or natural causes. Speaking of Bill Clinton? Handsome sax-playing cigar-smoking Bill Clinton lookalike Dr. William Eugene "Gene" Scott (1929-2005) becomes pastor of the Pentecostal Faith Center in Glendale, Calif., going on to create a TV-radio empire that brings in $1M a mo., with his Ph.D. in education from Stanford U. used to give entertaining pseudo-deep lectures during which he fills drawing boards with Biblical quotes in Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic to wow his audience, while getting in battles with the FCC and IRS over his fundraising practices; when he dies, his wife (since 2000) (Paula Jones clone?) pastor Melissa Scott (1969-) (former porno star Barbi Bridges?) takes over. After the experience of the 1973 Yom Kuppur War, the Jewish Inst. for Nat. Security Affairs (JINSA) think tank is founded in Washington, D.c. by pro-Israeli neoconservatives to lobby for U.S. backing for Israel, working to foster contacts between U.S. and Israeli military brass; members incl. Anne Bayefsky, John Bolton, Dick Cheney, Douglas Feith, Phyllis Kaminsky, Max Kampelman, Jack Kemp, Michael Ledeen, Richard Perle, Bryen Shoshana, and R. James Woolsey. After Brooklyn, N.Y.-born physicist Jack Sarfatti (1939-) begins hosting Sarfatti's Cave, a physics and consciousness discussion group in Cafe Trieste in San Francisco, Calif., arguing that mind may be crucial to the structure of matter, and that retrocausality may be possible, the Fundamental Fysiks Group is founded in May in San Francisco at the U. of Calif., Berkeley (UCB) to hold weekly meetings to discuss the philosophical and spiritual implications of quantum theory; members incl. Fritjof Capra, Nick Herbert, and Fred Alan Wolf. The English Collective of Prostitutes is founded to fight for their rights to hook. Budapest-born lesbian feminist Zsuzsanna Budapest (1940-), founder of Dianic Feminist Wicca (Witchcraft) is arrested in Venice, Calif. for giving a tarot reading to an undercover policewoman, becoming the first witch prosecuted in the U.S. since the Salem Witch Trials; after conviction, she appeals to the Calif. Supreme Court, which overturns it and causes laws against fortunetelling to be struck from Calif. books. The World Fantasy Awards are founded by the World Fantasy Convention in Providence, R.I., hometown of Howard Phillips "H.". Lovecraft (1890-1937); the trophy is an enlongated caricature bust of Lovecraft by cartooonist Gahan Wilson nicknamed the Howard. Superman creators Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel win a lawsuit against DC Comics with the inside help of Neal Adams, obtaining financial assistance, medical benefits, and name credit. Braniff Internat. Airways introduces Atari video games for use aboard commercial flights. Amancio Ortega Gaona (1936-) and his wife Rosalia (Rosalía) Mera Goyenechea (1944-2013) found the Zara fashion chain in A Coruna, Galicia, which goes on to grow to 2.2K stores and become the main brand of the Inditex (Industria de Diseno Textil) group (founded June 12, 1985), the world's largest apparel retailer, which operates 7.2K stores in 93 countries. The bi-monthly mag. Biblical Archaeology Review begins pub. for gen. public by the Biblical Archaeology Society (until ?); in 1991 the society pub. a facsimile ed. of the Dead Sea Scrolls, pissing-off the small clique of specialists who thought they owned them. The Creative Artists Agency is founded in Beverly Hills, Calif. on Jan. 20 by Michael Ovitz and four other disgruntled agents from the William Morris Agency, becoming a top Hollywood talent agency, with clients incl. Steven Spielberg, George Clooney, Oprah Winfrey, and Brad Pitt - the original show me the money? Meryl Streep acts in six Broadway plays in two years, none lasting more than 2 mo., beginning with Trelawny of the Wells by Arthur Wing Pinero. Chicago-born All-Ireland flute champ Michael Ryan Flatley (1958-) becomes the first non-Euro to win the All-Ireland World Championship for Irish Dance; he also wins the Chicago Golden Gloves Championship - guess why? Ballet-trained Am. actor Patrick Swayze (1952-2009) makes his Broadway debut as a dancer in "Goodtime Charley", and later gets the lead role in "Grease", somehow avoiding the gay stereotypes and being named People's Sexiest Man Alive in 1991. Roscoe's House of Chicken and Waffles in Hollywood, Calif. is founded by Harlem, N.Y.-born Herb Hudson, becoming popular with celebs incl. Natalie Cole and Redd Fox. Late in this decade San Francisco, Calif.-born dancer-musician Gabrielle Roth (1942-2012) creates the shamanistic mystical 5Rhythms approach to movement. French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-84) has an acid trip on Zabriskie Point in Death Valley, Calif., calling it the the greatest experience of his life. In this half-decade the Group of Five artist group is formed in the UAE by Hassan Sharif, incl. Mohammed Kazem, and Ebtisam Abdulaziz. After a brouhaha with rival Hydrox, Oreo cookies adopt the package description "chocolate sandwich cookie". Sports: On Feb. 16 the 1975 (17th) Daytona 500 is won by Benjamin Stewart "Benny" Parsons (1941-2007) after leader David Pearson contacts Cale Yarborough and spins on the backstretch; only 14 of 40 drivers finish the race; a crash on lap four takes out nine cars incl. country singer Marty Robbins, becoming the biggest crash in terms of number of cars in race history (until ?); bobby Allison finishes 2nd, Cale Yarborough 3rd, Dave Pearson 4th, and Richard Petty 7th; no cars in the race have a 1-digit car #. On Apr. 9 the Philippine Basketball Assoc. plays its first game at the Araneta Coliseum, becoming Asia's first pro basketball league. In Apr. Robert Lee Elder (1934-) becomes the first African-Am. to play in the Masters golf tournament in Augusta, Ga. On May 1 Filbert Bayi (1953-) of Tanganyika breaks the 8-y.-o. mile record of Jim Ryun of the U.S. in Kingston, Jamaica with 3:51:0; too bad, on Aug. 12 (great white hope?) John George Walker (1952-) of New Zealand runs 3:49.4 in Gothenburg, Germany, becoming the first sub-3:50 miler. On May 8 the first annual Vogalonga rowing race is held in Venice, Italy, with 500 boats in front of the Doge's Palace; by 2007 it's up to 1,550 boats. On May 15-27 the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals (first with two expansion teams) see the "Bullies of Broad Street" Philadelphia Flyers defeat the Buffalo Sabres 4-2, becoming the last championship team composed solely of Canadian-born players; the only Finals between 1965-79 without the Boston Bruins or Montreal Canadiens; the series-winning goal is scored by 5'10" Flyers left wing Robert James "Bob" "Hound" "Houndog" Kelly (1950-); MVP is 5'10" Flyers goalie Bernard Marcel "Bernie" Parent (1945-). On May 18-25 the 1975 NBA Finals sees the Golden State Warriors sweep the Washington Bullets 4-0, becoming the first coached by black head coaches on each side, Alvin A. "Al" Attles Jr. (1936-) for the Warriors and K.C. Jones (1932-) for the Bullets. On May 25 the 1975 (59th) Indianapolis 500 is a 2nd win for Bobby Unser (1st in 1968). On ? the 1975 Belmont Stakes sees Ruffian (1972-5), winning by half a length when both sesamoid bones in her right foreleg snap, which doesn't stop her from trying to finish the race, after which she is operated on by four vets and an orthopedic surgeon, but wakes up and began running circles on the floor until she destroys the surgery, and has to be euthanized; she is buried in the infield of Belmont Park with her nose pointed toward the finish line; her story is told in the 2007 ABC-TV movie Ruffian. On June 21 West Indies, captained by Clive Lloyd wins the first World Cup Cricket Series (Pres. Cup), beating Australia by 17 runs at Lords. In June Lee Trevino, Jerry Heard, and Bobby Nichols are struck by lightning at the Western Open Golf Tournament; all three are hospitalized, but Heard returns to tie for 4th place; Trevino takes more than a year to recover fully; a week earlier spectators laughed when Ben Crenshaw scurried for shelter from lightning at a golf tournament. On July 5 Arthur Ashe (1943-) defeats Jimmy Connors, becoming the first black man to win a Wimbledon singles title; Billy Jean King wins her 6th Wimbledon women's singles title; Manuel Orantes Corral (1949-) of Spain defeats Jimmy Connors to win the U.S. Open men's singles title along with the Canadian Open, and Chris Evert wins the women's singles title; Sweden wins the Davis Cup; meanwhile tennis racket sales in the U.S. peak at 9.2M, dropping to 5M by 1978. On July 26 Irish Thoroughbred champion Grundy (1972-92) duels to the end at the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Stakes with British champion Bustino (1971-); Grundy wins by half a length, setting a race record of 2:26.98, and the race is called "Britain's Race of the Century"; too bad, the race breaks both horses, and their racing careers are kaput - somebody arrest somebody? On Sept. 16 Orioles lefty pitcher (1974-7) Ross Albert "Scuz" "Crazy Eyes" Grimsley II (1950-) gets pissed-off at Boston fan hecklers at Fenway Park and throws a ball into the right field bleachers, injuring a fan who succesfully sues. On Oct. 1 (Wed.) the 14-round Thrilla in Manila sees Muhammad Ali outlast Joe Frazier in their 3rd and final fight; "Frazier was the loser, but that evening, nobody really lost. Because of that fight, Joe Frazier can always boast with honor that he made Muhammad Ali a great fighter" - Pete Hamill in GQ. On Oct. 27 Tacoma, Wash.-born lefty ("the Doomsday Stroking Machine") Earl Roderick "Earl the Pearl" "Square Earl" Anthony (1938-2001) wins the Buzz Fazio Open in Battle Creek, Mich., his $5K winnings making him the first PBA bowler to earn $100K in a season; he also sets a record of 15 straight televised PBA finals appearances, repeating in 1981. On Nov. 8 5'7" 165 lb. runt defensive end (#45) Daniel Eugene "Rudy" Ruettiger (1948-) finally gets to play football for Notre Dame U. in the last game of the season and his last year of elibility, getting a sack on Georgia Tech QB Rudy Allen on the 2nd and last play before being carried off the field by teammates, becoming only the 2nd to be carried off the field after Marc Edwards; portrayed in the 1993 film "Rudy" starring Sean Asin. On Dec. 26 Arizona State comes from behind to beat Nebraska 17-14 in the Fiesta Bowl, preserving a 12-0 record and a #2 nat. ranking. On Dec. 28 Dallas Cowboys QB (#12) (Roman Catholic) Roger Thomas "Roger the Dodger" "Captain Comeback" "Captain America" Staubach (1942-) publicizes the Hail Mary Pass with a comment to WR Drew Pearson in a playoff game against the Minnesota Vikings: "I closed my eyes and said a Hail Mary." Brazilian soccer star Pele (Pelé) (1940-), who retired after the 1972 season returns to play for the New York Cosmos of the North Am. Soccer League as #10, leading them to the 1977 championship in his 3rd and last season on Oct. 1, 1977 at Giants Stadium, televised by ABC's Wide World of Sports, defeating the Santos by 2-1. Jack Nicklaus wins his 5th Masters and 4th PGA title. Rich Austrian Formula 1 racer Andreas Nikolaus "Niki" Lauda (1949-) becomes Ferrari's first world champion since John Surtees in 1964; too bad, next Aug. 1 he crashes and suffers serious burns in the rain in lap 2 of the German Grand Prix at the Nurburgring, and is given last rites in the hospital, but returns 6 weeks later, finishing 4th in the Italian Grand Prix, wearing a red baseball cap to hide his disfigurement, and retiring after the 1978 season to start his own airline Lauda Air, then returning in 1982-5 to make more money to finance it, winning his 3rd title in 1984; meanwhile Lauda's rival James Simon Wallis "the Stunt" Hunt (1947-93) of England takes advantage of Lauda's accident to win the world Formula 1 title. Czech tennis star Martina Navratilova (1956-), named Rookie of the Year by Tennis World in 1974 defects to the U.S. in order to play tennis "whenever and wherever" she wishes. After refusing to play on Apr. 3 when his many demands are not met, Bobby Fischer loses his world chess title at the end of the year to Soviet grandmaster Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (1951-), who becomes world chess champ #12 (until 1985). The Canadian (Major Junior) Hockey League (CHL) is founded for players age 16-20, with three leagues incl. the Western Hockey League, Ontario Hockey League, and Quebec Major Junior Hockey League comprising 60 teams in nine Canadian provinces and four U.S. states. The Chicago Bears begin a new era after drafting running back Walter "Sweetness" Payton (1954-99), who goes on to rush for 110 TDs in a 12-year 190-game career, averaging 88 yards per game. 7'2" Milwaukee Bucks star (since 1976) Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Ferdinand Lewis "Lew" Alcindor Jr.) (1947-) moves to the Los Angeles Lakers as #33 (until 1989), becoming known for his Skyhook. Sports Illustrated mag. calls foosball (table soccer) "a real first-class professional sport". Architecture: On Apr. 21 the $23M 7,350-ft. Farakka Barrage across the Ganges River at the head of the Ganges Delta in West Bengal 10 mi. from the Bangladeshi border (begun 1961) opens, later causing tension between Bangladesh and India. On Aug. 3 the $165M 72,675-seat New Orleans Superdome in La. (begun 1971) opens 7 mo. after being scheduled to host Super Bowl IX, causing it to be played in cold rainy Tulane Stadium, which is condemned on Aug. 3 also; the New Orleans Saints open the stadium by losing 21-0 to the Cincinnati Bengals. On Sept. 30 the $126M 2.8M sq. ft. ugly 2-headed monster J. Edgar Hoover Bldg. (begun Mar. 1965) at 935 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W. in Washington, D.C. across from their former HQ in the Dept. of Justice Bldg. at 950 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W. is dedicated as the HQ of the FBI by Pres. Ford (until ?). On Dec. 6 the Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Mich. (begun 1973) opens on Dec. 6 as the home of the NFL Detroit Lions and NBA Detroit Pistons; it features the first domed roof supported completely by air. After L. Ron Hubbard arrives and moves in, launching the secret Project Normandy to take over the town, the Church of Scientology purchases the Fort Harrison Hotel (built in 1926 and owned by Oldsmobile inventor Ransom E. Olds) in beautiful downtown Clearwater, Fla. under the front name United Churches of Fla. Inc., using it as Scientology's spiritual center until 1981, and home of the Rehabilitation Project Force (RPF) (founded Jan. 1974), used to punish Sea Org members for "serious deviations" with prison-like conditions and forced labor; men armed with machine guns are seen on the roof?; in Feb. 1980 Scientologist Josephus A. Havenith dies in the hotel in a bathtub filled with scalding hot water, and the coroner rules it a drowning although his head is not submerged; in Aug. 1988 Scientologist Heribert Pfaff dies of a seizure in the hotel after stopping his prescription medication in favor of vitamins; in 1997 Clearwater police receive 160+ emergency calls from the hotel, but are denied entry by Scientology security; in 1965 The Rolling Stones wrote their big hit song "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" at the hotel. Mirabel Internat. Airport in Montreal, Canada opens, becoming the world's largest terminal (until 2008). The 1,162-mi. (1,850 km) Chinese-built Tanzara (Great Uhuru) Railway between Dar es Salam, Tanzania and Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia (begun 1970) opens in July; Chinese engineers took it over after Soviet and Western engineers gave up, using 45K African workers and 15K PRC technicians to build 300 bridges, 23 tunnels, and 147 stations. Kanmon Bridge across the Sionoseki Strait between Honshu and Kyushi islands in Japan is completed. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (1921-89) (Soviet Union); Lit.: Eugenio Montale (1896-1981) (Italy); Physics: Leo James Rainwater (1917-86) (U.S.), Ben Roy Mottelson (1926-) and Aage Niels Bohr (1922-2009) (Denmark) (son of Niels Bohr) [assymetrical non-spherical shapes of atomic nuclei]; Chem.: Sir John Warcup "Kappa" Cornforth Jr. (1917-2013) (Australia) [structure of enzyme-catalyzed reactions] and Vladimir Prelog (1906-98) (Switzerland) [assymetric compounds]; Medicine: David L. Baltimore (1938-) (U.S.), Howard Martin Temin (1934-94) (U.S.), and Renato Dulbecco (1914-2012) (U.S.) [reverse transcriptase]; Economics: Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich (1912-86) (Soviet Union) (first winner) and Tjalling Charles Koopmans (1910-85) (U.S.) [optimal allocation of resources]. Inventions: On Feb. 22 the $11M single-seat twin-jet Soviet Sukhoi Su-25 Grach (Rook) "Frogfoot" close air support aircraft makes its first flight, going into service on July 19, 1981 after production begins in 1978 in Tbilisi, Georgia, getting used in Afghanistan, Iran, Macedonia, Ivory Coast, Chad, Sudan et al.; 1K+ are built by 2015. On May 10 Sony introduces the $789-$900 Betamax videotaping system in Japan (3 MHZ bandwidth, 240 lines) (named for the way the tape forms the Greek letter beta while running through the transport), becoming the first successful consumer video recorder; it is introduced in the U.S. in early Nov; it has a hi-fi audio mode with an 80dB dynamic range and less than 0.005% wow and flutter; in Sept. 1976 rival Matsushita/JVC introduces the technically inferior (but cheaper to manufacture, and able to record 3 hours, vs. 60 min. for Betamax) VHS (Video Home System) (3 MHZ bandwidth, 240 lines), starting the Betamax v. VHS Format War of one Japanese co. against another, with the U.S. not in the running, and VHS winning (1983 in the U.S., 2002 in Japan); in 1985 SuperBeta is introduced (290 lines), followed by VHS HQ (High Quality), then Super VHS in Apr. 1987 (5 MHZ, 250 lines); the fact that Sony prohibits porno is a factor because VHS permits people to view it in the privacy of their homes for the 1st time?; meanwhile next year Universal Pictures sues Sony for copyright infringement, and on Jan. 17, 1984 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Sony Corp. vs. Universal City Studios that home videotaping is legal fair use for purposes of recording for later viewing (time-shifting). In June Raytheon Missile Systems successfully tests the 35 lb.shoulder-fired solid-fuel Mach 2 (1.5K mph) heat-seeking FIM-92 Stinger (originally Redeye II) infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM), which begins production in 1978 to replace the FIM-43 Redeye, and goes on to fame in Afghanistan (and the crash of TWA Flight 800) after debuting on May 21, 1982 in the Falklands War; after the Soviets withdraw from Afghanistan, the U.S. spends $55M trying to buy them back, obtaining about 300 of ?. In Sept. IBM introduces the IBM 5100 PC, with 16KB of RAM; when the Microsoft DOS version is introduced in 1981, it is called the IBM 5150. In Oct. John Cocke (1925-2002) et al. of IBM begin designing the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) computer, which concentrates on optimizing the instructions usually emitted by compilers for speed, coming out with the IBM 801, which is introduced in summer 1980, reaching 15 MIPS. The Amana Touchmatic Radarange is introduced, becoming the first microwave oven allowing programming of meals. Xerox introduces the Telecopier 200, the first laser plain-paper fax (facsimile machine), along with the IBM 3800, the first high-speed (20K lines/min.) laser printer, with quality comparable to photocomposition. The 2-seat twin-engine AH-64 Apache attack heli, built for the U.S. Army by Hughes Helicopter (later McDonnell Douglas Helicopter) makes its first flight on Sept. 30, and goes into production in Mesa, Ariz. in 1984. Thomas B. Martin et al. of Threshold Technology develop a computer that can understand simple spoken commands and respond with a synthetic voice. Science: On Aug. 8 Chicago, Ill.-born geophysicist Wallace Smith "Wally" Broecker (1931-) pub. the paper Climate Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? in Science mag., coining the terms "global warming" and "climate change", predicting an atmospheric CO2 concentration of 403 ppm by 2010 along with a global temp increase of 1.10C; he goes on to utter the soundbyte: "Climate is an angry beast and we are poking at it with sticks", becoming known as "the Godfather of Global Warming". German-born molecular biologist Gunter (Günter) Blobel (1936-) of Rockefeller U. discovers Protein Targeting (Sorting), the mechanism to carry newly-made proteins through cells to their proper locations via signal peptide address tags, winning him the 1999 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. mathematical physicist Mitchell Jay Feigenbaum (1944-) discovers the First Feigenbaum Constant (4.669201609103+), the ratio toward which the consecutive differences of almost any iterated function tends; in 1978 he discovers the 2nd constant. Your brain makes its own morphine? German-born pharmacologist Hans Walter Kosterlitz (1903-96) and John Hughes lead a team in Aberdeen, Scotland that discovers the opiate-like endorphin enkephalin (Gr. "enkephalos" = cerebrum) in the brain of a pig. Mary Leakey (1913-96) uncovers jaws and teeth of 11 Australopithecis afarensis (direct ancestor of Homo habilis) skeletons in Laetoli, Tanzania, 25 mi. S of Olduvai Gorge, claiming that they are 3.75M-y.-o. and have human (Homo) characteristics; in 1978 she uncovers the 3.65M-y.-o. fossilized Australopithecus afarensis Laetoli Footprints in volcanic ash, claiming proof that human ancestors walked upright; it takes until 1981 to uncover all of it - you don't want to say Hail Mary around these parts? The term "fractal" is coined by Polish-born French-Am. mathematician Benoit B. Mandelbrot (1924-2010), who founds Fractal (Expanding or Evolving Symmetry) Geometry; in 1979 he discovers the Mandelbrot Set. Argentine biochemist Cesar Milstein (1927-2002) and his German-born student Georges Jean Franz Kohler (Köhler) (1946-95), and English-born Danish immunologist Niels Kaj Jerne (1911-94) of Cambridge U. discover the hybridoma technique for making Monoclonal Antibodies by injecting a mouse with a target protein and harvesting antibodies from its spleen, becoming the first breakthrough toward a "magic bullet" to target disease, winning them the 1984 Nobel Med. Prize. Dutch-born Am. physicist Abraham Pais (1918-2000) and Am. physicist Sam Bard Treiman (1925-99) coin the term "Standard Model" for the theory of particle physics describing the four known fundamental forces, incl. electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, excluding the gravitational force, classifying all known elementary particles. Polish-born Am. social psychologist Robert Boleslaw Zajonc (1923-2008) (pr. ZAY-unts) pub. the Confluence Model, showing how birth order and family size affect IQ. UCLA chemist Ben M. Zuekerman discovers space alcohol; in 1995 Tom Millar, Geoffrey MacDonald, and Holf Habing discover the gigantic alcohol cloud G34.3 10K l.y. from Earth in the Aquila Constellation, 1K the size of the Solar System, with enough alcohol to make 400TT (400E24) pints of beer. Scientists at the Nat. Inst. of Standards and Tech. in Md. propose Optical Molasses, the use of three intersecting laser beams to hold an atom in place and cool it down towards absolute zero. Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam) is first marketed as a sleeping pill for severe insomnia; it is 10x as powerful than Valium; too bad, it begins to be used as a date rape drug known as roofie, and the U.S. FDA never approves it (until ?) - thanks lover, see ya around? In 1975 Ubiquitin, a small regulatory protein found in all eukaryotic organisms is discovered; in 1980 Israeli scientists Avram Hershko (1937-), Aaron Ciechanover (1947-), and U.S. scientist Irwin A. Rose (1926-) pub. a paper revealing the role of ubiquitin in degrading and recycling proteins, winning them the 2004 Nobel Chem. Prize. Superior, Wisc.-born economist Oliver Eaton Williamson (1932-) (student of Ronald Coase) coins the term New Institutional Economics, which differentiate institutions, which are the "rules of the game" from organizations, which are nested groups they create to coordinate team actions, winning a share of the 2009 Nobel Econ. Prize. Pasadena, Calif.-born economist Thomas John "Tom" Sargent (1943-) and New York City-born economist Neil Wallace (1939-) pub. Rational Expectations and the Theory of Economic Policy, using rational expectation theory to propose the Policy-Ineffectiveness Proposition, that monetary policy can't systematically manage the levels of output and employment in the economy, pissing-off Keynesian economists for bursting their bubble; Sargent is awarded a share of the 2011 Nobel Econ. Prize. Yale U. biochemist Joan Elaine Argetsinger Steitz (1941-) pub. her discovery that ribosomes use complementary base pairing to identify the start site on mRNA; in Nov. 1979 she and Am. dermatologist Michael Rush Lerner pub. their discovery of SnRNP (pr. like snurps) in Proceedings of the Nat. Academy of Sciences, 150 nucleotide-long RNA segments associated with a protein which splice introns out of newly transcribed pre-mRNA components of spliceosomes) in eukaryotes after ribosomes interact with messenger RNA by complementary base pairing; she later discovers the snoRNP, proving that introns are not junk DNA but are used in alternative RNA splicing and, and explaining why humans have only double the number of genes of a fruit fly, with the soundbyte: "The reason we can get away with so few genes is that when you have these bits of nonsense, you can splice them out in different ways. Sometimes you can get rid of things and add things because of this splicing process so that each gene has slightly different protein products that can do slightly different things. So it multiplies up the information content in each of our genes." Dutch elm disease is first found to have spread to Calif. Lyme Disease is first recognized in Lyme, Conn. and traced to a tick found in deer, mice, and other wild animals; it spreads throughout the U.S. NE and on to the West Coast. In 1975 women break into U.S. and Canadian psychology big? The Task Force on the Status of Women in Canadian Psychology is formed, chaired by Mary Wright. The journal Sex Roles is founded. The journal Psychology of Women Quarterly is founded, ed. by Georgia Babladelis. The first article on the psychology of women is pub. in Annual Review of Psychology. The first Psychology of Women Conference is held by the Am. Psychological Assoc. (APA). Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, begins pub. by the U. of Chicago; Mary Parlee pub. the first review article on the psychology of women in it. Nonfiction: China Achebe (1930-), An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness"; calls Conrad a "thoroughgoing racist". Mortimer Adler (1902-2001) and William Gorman, The American Testament. Robert B. Asprey (1923-2009), War in the Shadows: The Guerrilla in History (2 vols.). Nancy Kimball Austin (1949-) and Stanlee Phelps, The Assertive Woman: A New Look; bestseller. Solomon Barkin (1907-2000), Worker Militancy and Its Consequences, 1965-75; rev. ed. pub. in 1983, with subtitle "The Changing Climate of Western and Industrial Relations". Roland Barthes (1915-80), The Pleasure of the Text (Jan. 1); the hedonism of losing oneself in the text while reading - hello my darling, hello my baby, hello my other books? Ernest Becker (1924-74), Escape from Evil (posth.); sequel to "The Denial of Death" (1973). Herbert Benson (1935-), The Relaxation Response; pioneers mind/body medicine for Westerns to lower blood pressure, etc. Harold Bloom (1930-2019), A Map of Misreading; how to read poetry as a response to and defense against prior poems; sequel to "The Anxiety of Influence" (1973); Kabbalah and Criticism; how to use it to understand modern poetry. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), International Systems: Peace, Conflict Resolution, and Politics. Thomas Wardell Braden (1918-), Eight Is Enough (autobio.); starts out in the British army, joins the OSS and CIA, becoming a journalist who exposes the CIA. Ben Bradlee (1921-2004), Conversations with Kennedy; "It tells more about you than it does about him" (Jackie Kennedy). E.R. Braithwaite (1920-), Honorary White (autobio.). Charles Dunbar Broad (1887-1971), Leibniz: An Introduction (posth.). Susan Brownmiller (1935-), Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape; defines rape as an expression of power and control rather than a sex act; "My purpose in this book has been to give rape its history. Now we must deny its future"; claims that all men are rapists and all sex is rape? - easy to say when you never get any? Alan Bullock (1914-2004), A Language for Life (Bullock Report); the teaching of English in the English classroom should be handled very Englishly? Robert N. Butler (1927-), Why Survive? Being Old in America; "The tragedy of old age in America", which has "a huge group of people for whom survival is possible but satisfaction in living elusive". L.H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender and Mary-Jo Kline (eds.), The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family 1762-1784. Fritjof Capra (1939-), The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism; bestseller claiming that physics and metaphysics are leading inexorably to the same ultimate truth. Stephanie Caruana, A Skeleton Key to the Gemstone File; guide to the Gemstone File by Bruce Porter Roberts (1919-76), which claims to document U.S. govt. conspiracies and coverups since the 1950s, incl. the JFK assassination. Anthony Cave Brown (1929-2006), Bodyguard of Lies (first book); title comes from a quote by Sir Winston Churchill: "In war-time, truth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies"; the role of codebreaking in WWII and D-Day; written despite active opposition by the govts. of U.K. and U.S., causing critics to turn around and criticize it for inaccuracies. Frank Chin (1940-) et al. (eds.), Aiiieeeee!: An Anthology of Asian-American Writing (Jan.). Noam Chomsky (1928-), Reflections on Language (Dec. 12). Ronald William Clark (1916-87), The Life of Bertrand Russell. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), The Life and Times of an Involuntary Genius (autobio.). Daniel Cohn-Bendit (1945-), Der Grosse Basar (The Great Bazaar); German Green Party politician tells how children were being educated to be sexually liberated in 1968. Norman Cohn (1915-2007), Europe's Inner Demons: An Enquiry Inspired by the Great Witch-Hunt; rev. ed. pub. in 2000 as "Europe's Inner Demons: The Demonization of Christians in Medieval Christendom". Robert Coles (1929-), William Carlos Williams: The Knack of Survival in America; The Mind's Fate: Ways of Seeing Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis. Larry Collins (1929-2005) and Dominique Lapierre (1931-), Freedom at Midnight: The Epic Drama of India's Struggle for Independence. Henry Steele Commager (1902-98), Jefferson, Nationalism, and the Enlightenment. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934-), Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Work and Play; outlines the theory of Flow, a state of complete absorption in an activity, in which people are happiest. Jonathan Culler (1944-), Structuralist Poetics; first full-length study of structuralism; "Writing has something of the character of an inscription, a mark offered to the world and promising, by its solidity and apparent autonomy, meaning which is momentarily deferred" - which means what? Jonathan Worth Daniels (1902-81), White House Witness, 1942-1945. David Brion Davis (1927-), The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution: 1770-1823. Christopher Henry Dawson (1889-1970), Religion and World History: A Selection from the Works of Christopher Dawson (posth.); "Dawson's vast erudition, his historical intuition, his profound understanding of human nature, and his vision of Western culture as a living and dynamic entity, make him an essential starting point in the study - and understanding of - the spiritual tradition at the root of Western culture. Without this, all else that follows in Western history is incomprehensible." (Araceli Duque) Eliot Deutsch, Studies in Comparative Aesthetics. Morton Deutsch (1920-), Applying Social Psychology: Implications for Research, Practice, and Training. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), The Unexpurgated Code: A Complete Manual of Survival and Manners. William Dufty (1918-2002), Sugar Blues; bestseller (1.6M copies); how wife (1976-83) Gloria Swanson taught him about the dangers of white sugar and the joys of a macrobiotic diet; friend John Lennon becomes a fan. Will Durant (1885-1981) and Ariel Durant (1898-1981), The Age of Napoleon; History of Civilization, vol. 11 of 11. Juliet Dusinberre, Shakespeare and the Nature of Women; first feminist study of Shakespeare. Michael Eddowes (1903-82), Khrushchev Killed Kennedy; claims that the Soviets substituted KGB assassin Alek for Lee Harvey Oswald while he was in the Soviet Union; next year he pub. "November 22: How They Killed Kennedy (The Oswald File)", then files a lawsuit causing Oswald's body to be exhumed on Oct. 4, 1981 and his identity confirmed; Eddowes was financed by H.L. Hunt. Loren Eiseley (1907-77), All the Strange Hours: The Excavation of a Life (autobio.). Nora Ephron (1941-), Crazy Salad; essays about the U.S. women's movement. Joseph Epstein (1937-), Divorced in America: Marriage in an Age of Possibility (Mar. 30). M. Stanton Evans (1934-), Clear and Present Dangers: A Conservative View of America's Government. Richard Anderson Falk (1930-), A Global Approach to Nat. Policy; A Study of Future Worlds (Apr.). Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), In Dreams Awake. Antony Flew (1923-), Thinking About Thinking: Do I Sincerely Want to Be Right; describes the No True Scotsman Fallacy. Jo Freeman (1945-), The Politics of Women's Liberation: A Case Study of an Emerging Social Movement and Its Relation to the Policy Process; Women: A Feminist Perspective. Nancy Friday (1933-), Forbidden Flowers: More Women's Sexual Fantasies. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983) and E.J. Applewhite, Synergetics: Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking; Tetrascroll: Goldilocks and the Three Bears, A Cosmic Fairy Tale. Paul Fussell Jr. (1924-2012), The Great War and Modern Memory; centers on WWI Western Front writers Edmund Blunden, Robert Graves, Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon et al., showing how literature can be a vehicle for expressing the experience of large groups, claiming that WWI replaced traditional expressions of mourning with "modern memory"; "How many good books are there about the first world war at the individual level? What Paul did was go to the literary treatments of the war by 20 or 30 participants and turn them into an encapsulation of collective European experience." (John Keegan); "The best book I know of about world war one." (Joseph Heller) Vivian Hunter Galbraith (1889-1976), Domesday Book: Its Place in Administrative Hitory (Jan. 23); his magnum opus. Peter Gay (1923-2015), Art and Act: On Causes in History - Manet, Gropius, Mondrian. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Winston S. Churchill: World in Torment, 1917-1922. E.J. Gold (1941-), American Book of the Dead; bestseller (120K copies); a reinterpretation of The Tibetan Book of the Dead (Liberation Through Hearing During the Intermediate State) (Bardo Thodol) exploring Bardotown (City of the Dead). Stanislav Grof (1931-), Realms of the Human Unconscious: Observations from LSD Research. Bernard Grun (1901-72) and Wallace Brockway, The Timetables of History: A Horizontal Linkage of People and Events; an English trans. and update of Werner Stein's 1946 "Kulturfahrplan". Herbert Gutman (1928-85), Slavery and the Numbers Game: A Critique of Time on the Cross; refutation of some arguments in Fogel and Engerman's 1974 book, incl. their assumption that slaves adopted a white Euro Protestant work ethic instead of being whipped into submission. Leon A. Harris Jr. (1926-2000), Upton Sinclair, American Rebel. Geoffrey H. Hartman (1929-), The Fate of Reading and Other Essays. Charles Higham (1931-2012), Kate: The Life of Katharine Hepburn; bestseller; first authorized bio. Jim Hightower (1943-), Eat Your Heart Out; promotes small-scale organic farming over U.S. big agribusiness. Christopher Hills (1926-97), Supersensonics: The Science of Radiational Paraphysics; becomes the Bible of Dowsing. John Hollander (1929-), Vision and Resonance: Two Senses of Poetic Form. Xaviera Hollander (1943-), On the Best Part of a Man; starts with a p, or a d? Sidney Hook (1902-89), Revolution, Reform, and Social Justice: Studies in the Theory and Practice of Marxism. William Bradford Huie (1910-86), In the Hours of the Night. Samuel Phillips Huntington (1927-2008), The Crisis of Democracy: On the Governability of Democracies; report for the Trilateral Commission. Clifford Irving (1938-), Hitler and His Generals; pub. in German; English trans. pub. in Apr. 1977 under the title "Hitler's War" (rev. ed. 1991); an all-out attempt to defend Hitler, claiming that Britain was responsible for WWII, that Hitler only wanted to increase Germany's fortunes and influence in Europe and was let down by incompetent and/or treasonous subordinates, and trumping it all with the claim that Hitler had no knowledge of the Holocaust, offering a Ł1K reward to anybody who could produce a written order from him, pissing-off many historians, who pub. rebuttals. George Jessel (1898-1981), The World I Lived In (autobio.); his affairs with Pola Negri (1897-1987), Helen Morgan, and Lupe Velez, and courtship of married Norma Talmadge, who marries him in 1934 then divorces him in 1939, after which he breaks into her house and fires a pistol at her new lover; also, how he discovered Judy Garland. Haynes Johnson (1931-), The Working White House. Uwe Johnson (1934-84), Berliner Sachen, Aufsatze (Berlin Things, Essays). John Alva Keel (1930-2009), The Mothman Prophecies; the large winged creature called Mothman in the vicinity of Point Pleasant, W. Va. in 1966-7, and the Dec. 15, 1967 collapse of the Silver Bridge across the Ohio River; filmed in 2002 starring Richard Gere. Hugh Kenner (1933-2003), A Homemade World: The American Modernist Writers; compares them with Euro modernists. Walter Kerr (1913-96), The Silent Clowns; silent film comedians. Imre Kertesz (1929-), Fatelessness; a 14-y.-o. Jew in Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Hildegard Knef (1925-2002), The Verdict; her struggle with breast cancer. Phillip Knightley (1929-), The First Casualty: From the Crimea to Vietnam: The War Correspondent as Hero, Propagandist, and Myth Maker; history of Western war reporting and media relations with the military since the 1850s. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), Astride the Two Cultures: Arthur Koestler at 70. Annette Kolodny (1941-), Some Notes on Defining a "Feminist" Literary Criticism; Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters; feminist critique of Am. lit. and culture. Michael Korda (1933-), Power! How to Get It, How to Use It; ed.-in-chief of Simon & Schuster lays out office politics for the Me Decade. Jonathan Kozol (1936-), The Night is Dark and I Am Far From Home. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1929-), Montaillou, Village Occitan de 1294 a 1324; pioneers use of microhistory as an adjunct to cultural history and social history. Robin Lakoff (1942-), Language and Woman's Place; women's speech is different from men in quantifiable ways, such as avoiding Trump, er, locker room talk? Ann Landers (1918-2002), Ann Landers Speaks Out (Aug. 12). John Frederick Lehmann (1907-87), Virginia Woolf and Her World. Henry Leiferman, Crystal Lee, A Woman of Inheritance; N.C. textile union organizer Crystal Lee Jordan (Sutton) (1941-2009), basis of the 1979 film "Norma Rae". Sam Levenson (1911-80), You Can Say That Again, Sam!. Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), History: Remembered, Recovered, Invented. Richard Warrington Baldwin Lewis (1917-2002), Edith Wharton: A Biography (Pulitzer Prize); challenges the genteel view of her. John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001), Lily on Dolphins: Humans of the Sea; Simulations of God: The Science of Belief. Seymour Martin Lipset (1922-2006) and Everett C. Ladd, The Divided Academy: Professors and Politics. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), The Fight; the 1975 Muhammad Ali-George Foreman bout in Kinshasa, Zaire. Dumas Malone (1892-1986), Jefferson and His Time (6 vols.) (1948-82) (Pulitzer Prize); reveals that TJ lived at Monticello 9 mo. before each of Sally Hemming's all-u-need-iz-luv children were born. William Manchester (1922-2004), Controversy and Other Essays in Journalism, 1950-1975. Bill Mandel (1917-2016), Soviet Women. Bobbie Ann Mason (1940-), The Girl Sleuth: A Feminist Guide. Robert K. Massie (1929-) and Suzanne Massie, Journey; a study of their hemophiliac child Robert Massie Jr. leads them to a study of the European royals. Rollo May (1909-94), The Courage to Create; "We are living at a time when one age is dying and the new age is not yet born." Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), The Political Sociology of the English Language: An African Perspective; Soldiers and Kinsmen in Uganda: The Making of a Military Ethnocracy. Kaiser Matanzima (1915-2003), Independence My Way; argues for liberation via a federation of black African states instead of his uncle Nelson Mandela's African Nat. Congress, with Mandela condemning it as a de facto support of apartheid. D'Arcy McNickle (1904-77), An Historical Review of Federal-Indian Relationships. John McPhee (1931-), Pieces of the Frame (essays); The Survival of the Bark Canoe. Shepherd Mead (1914-94), How to Get to the Future Before It Gets to You (Jan. 1). James Edward Meade (1907-95), The Intelligent Radical's Guide to Economic Policy. Fatema Mernissi (1940-), Beyond the Veil; Moroccan feminist speaks out, becoming a celeb. Helen Hill Miller (1899-), George Mason, Gentleman Revolutionary. Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), All Change Here (autobio.). Jurgen Moltmann (1926-), The Church in the Power of the Spirit: A Contribution to Messianic Ecclesiology; The Experiment Hope. Eric Henry Monkkonen (1942-2005), The Dangerous Class: Crime and Poverty in Columbus, Ohio, 1860-1885 (first book); his dissertation. Raymond Moody (1944-), Life After Life: The Investigation of a Phenomenon - Survival of Bodily Death; bestseller (13M copies) about 150+ people who underwent near-death experiences (NDEs), a term he coined. Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (Parkman Prize) (Charles S. Sydnor Prize) (Beveridge Award); explores "the American paradox, the marriage of slavery and freedom", with the soundbyte: "Human relations among us still suffer from the former enslavement of a large portion of our predecessors. The freedom of the free, the growth of freedom experienced in the American Revolution depended more than we like to admit on the enslavement of more than 20 percent of us at that time. How republican freedom came to be supported, at least in large part, by its opposite, slavery, is the subject of this book", arguing that Va. plantation owners had a non-racial labor system until Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 convinced them that they couldn't trust white indentured servants, after which they exerted an inordinate influence on patriotic thinkers, seeking freedom from British rule partly to maintain the economic benefits of slavery, while for the common white man black slavery and the color line made it possible to become more politically equal, with the soundbytes: "Aristocrats could more safely preach equality in a slave society than in a free one", and "Racism made it possible for white Virginians to develop a devotion to the equality that English republicans had declared to be the soul of liberty"; "American historians of our generation admire Edmund Morgan's 'American Slavery, American Freedom' more than any other monograph. Morgan resuscitated American history by placing black slavery and white freedom as its central paradox." (Anthony S. Parent) George Lachmann Mosse (1918-99), The Nationalization of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars Through the Third Reich. Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), Jesus: The Man Who Lives; "If the greatest of all, Incarnate God, chooses to be the servant of all, who would wish to be the master?" Edda Mussolini (1910-95), My Truth (La Mia Vita) (autobio.); Mussolini's daughter. Seyyed Hossein Nasr (1933-), Islam and the Plight of Modern Man; revised in 2001. Mildred Newman (1920-81), Bernard Berkowitz, and Jean Owen, How to Be Awake and Alive. Peter Charles Newman (1929-), The Canadian Establishment (2 vols.). Robert Nisbet (1913-), The Twilight of Authority; the West is in its twilight age? David Niven (1910-83), Bring On the Empty Horses; sequel to "The Moon's a Balloon" (1971). James P. O'Donnell, The Bunker (Die Katakombe); Hitler's last days; English tr. pub. in 1978; filmed in 1981 starring Anthony Hopkins. Frank O'Hara (1926-66), Standing Still and Walking in New York (essays) (posth.). Arthur Melvin Okun (1928-80), Equality and Efficiency: The Big Trade-Off. Elaine Pagels (1943-), The Gnostic Paul: Gnostic Exegesis of the Pauline Letters. Michael Parenti (1933-), Ethnic and Political Attitudes. Raphael Patai (1910-96), The Myth of the Jewish Race. Brian Pearce (1915-2008) and Michael Woodhouse, Essays on the History of Communism in Britain. Walker Percy (1916-90), The Message in the Bottle: How Queer Man Is, How Queer Language Is, and What One Has to Do with the Other. Kevin Phillips (1940-) and Paul H. Blackman, Electoral Reform and Voter Participation. Sylvia Plath (1932-63), Letters Home: Correspondence 1950-1963 (posth.). Letty Cottin Pogrebin (1939-), Getting Yours: How to Make the System Work for the Working Woman - you'll never go back to your old duster again? Michael Polanyi (1891-1976) and Harry Prosch, Meaning. Sylvia Porter (1913-91), Sylvia Porter's Money Book: How to Earn It, Spend It, Save It, Invest It, Borrow It, and Use It to Better Your Life. Benjamin A. Quarles (1904-96) and Leslie H. Fishel Jr., The Black American: A Documentary History. James Randi (1928-), The Magic of (The Truth About) Uri Geller (Oct. 12). Dan Rather (1931-) and Gary Paul Gates, The Palace Guard (July 1); Nixon aides Haldeman and Ehrlichman. Mary Renault (1905-83), The Nature of Alexander; bio. of gay Alexander the Great by a South African lesbian? Joan Robinson (1903-83), Economic Management in China; praises the Cultural Rev., and claims that in Korea, "sooner or later the country must be reuinited by absorbing the South into socialism." Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), Eco-Tech: The Whole-Earther's Guide to the Alternate Society. Philip Roth (1933-2018), Reading Myself and Others; incl. "Imagining Jews", "Looking at Kafka". Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), Conceived in Liberty (4 vols.) (1975-9). William Safire (1929-2009), Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre-Watergate White House. Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Brigitte Bardot (June). Anthony Sampson, The Seven Sisters; calls fired U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia (1973-6) James Elmer Akins "too committed an Arabophile". Alice Schwarzer (1942-), Der Kleine Unterschied und Seine Grossen Folgen (The Little Difference and Its Huge Consequences); "The penis – in its flaccid condition, experts assure us, it's eight to nine centimetres; rigid it is six to eight centimetres more. And being a man is contained in this little tip?"; makes her into an internat. star., allowing her to fund the journal EMMA in Jan. 1977. Frithjof Schuon (1907-98), Logic and Transcendence. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), Gold is Money. Martin Seymour-Smith (1928-98), Sex and Society. Karl Shapiro (1913-2000), The Poetry Wreck: Selected Essays, 1950-1970; criticizes those who equate "semi-literates and rock singers" with real poets, and disses T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and William Butler Yeats. Gail Sheehy (1937-), Passages: Predictable Crises of Adult Life; makes the aging process seem noble, with natural stages of growth; makes the NYT bestseller list for over three years. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), The Saxon Shore Way: From Gravesend to Rye. Louis Simpson (1923-), Three on the Tower; poets Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and William Carlos Williams. Peter Singer (1946-), Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals; Australian Jewish humanist philosopher starts the animal rights movement. C.P. Snow (1905-80), Trollope: His Life and Art. Robert Sobel (1931-99), Herbert Hoover and the Onset of the Great Depression, 1929-1930; N.Y.S.E.: A History of the New York Stock Exchange, 1935-1975. Theodore C. Sorensen (1928-), Watchman in the Night: Presidential Accountability After Watergate (Mar.); JFK's advisor examines Watergate and the Nixon resignation and claims the presidency is not as powerful as it looks. Thomas Sowell (1930-), Race and Economics. Patricia Meyer Spacks (1929-), The Female Imagination; women writers from the 17th cent. to the present. George Steiner (1929-), After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation; language translation is blocked by the "Babel Problem" of every people having a unique body of shared secrecy? Donald Ogden Stewart (1894-1980), By a Stroke of Luck (autobio.). George R. Stewart (1895-1980), Names on the Globe. William Andrew Swanberg (1907-92), Norman Thomas: The Last Idealist (Dec. 31). John Terraine (1921-2003), The Mighty Continent: A View of Europe in the Twentieth Century. Paul Theroux (1941-), The Great Railway Bazaar; his train trip from Britain through Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, all the way to Japan, then back across Russia; a hit, causing him to pub. train travel sequels. E.P. Thompson (1924-93), Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act; pioneers the microhistory approach. Alvin Toffler (1928-), The Eco-Spasm Report; "The term describes an economy careening on the brink of disaster, awaiting only the random convergence of certain critical events - like the collapse of the Eurodollar market, the failure of several major U.S. banks or another Mideast war - that have not occurred simultaneously, so far. It is an economy in which powerful upward and downward forces clash like warring armies, in which crises in national economies send out global shock waves, former colonial powers and colonies begin to reverse roles, and random ecological and military eruptions hammer at the economy from different directions" - I'll take two? John Updike (1932-2009), Picked-Up Pieces (essays). Walter L. Voegtlin, The Stone Age Diet. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Democracy and Poetry. Frank Waters (1902-95), Mexico Mystique: The Coming Sixth World of Consciousness; backs Dec. 24, 2011 as the end of the Mayan Long Count cycle and the start of a new wave of human consciousness. Sidney Weintraub (1914-83) and Henry C. Wallich, A Tax-Based Incomes Policy; promotes Tax-Based Incomes Policy (TIP). Harold Weisberg (1914-2002), Post Mortem: JFK Assassination Cover Up Smashed. G.A. Wells (1926-2017), Did Jesus Exist?; concludes that it's not very likely; ; he goes on to pub. several more books on the same topic until 2009 while making few converts. Sir John W. Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75), Special Relationships: America in Peace and War. Theodore Harold White (1915-86), Breach of Faith: The Fall of Richard Nixon. Tom Wicker (1926-), A Time to Die; insider at the 1971 Attica Riots records their negotiations. Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Memoirs. Marianne Williamson (1952-), A Return to Love: Reflections on the Principles of A Course in Miracles; "Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure." Edmund Wilson (1895-1972), The Twenties; ed. Leon Edel. E.O. Wilson (1929-2021), Sociobiology: The New Synthesis; "The systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior"; U.S. scientist shows the ant-like genetic basis of certain types of social behavior, causing a fire-antstorm of controversy? Niklaus Wirth (1934-), Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs; one of TLW's favorite computer programming textbooks of the 1970s. George Wolf and Joseph DiMona (1923-99), Frank Costello: Prime Minister of the Underworld; by his lawyer. Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), The Painted Word; claims that modern art has become a parody of itself. George Woodcock (1912-95), Amor De Cosmos: Journalist and Reformer; Canadian B.C. PM #2 Amor De Cosmos (1825-97); Gabriel Dumont: The Metis Chief and His Lost World. Richard Wright (1908-60), American Hunger (autobio.) (posth.); his first years in the Communist Party in 1927-37 Chicago. Francis Amelia Yates (1899-1981), Astraea: The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century; Shakespeare's Last Plays: A New Approach. Zig Ziglar (1926-2012), See You at the Top; "If you can dream it, then you can achieve it"; "Where you start is not as important as where you finish"; "You don't have to be great to start, but you have to start to be great"; "People often say that motivation doesn't last. Well, neither does bathing - that's why we recommend it daily"; "There are no traffic jams on the extra mile"; "Fear has two meanings: Forget Everything, and Run" - do you ever get a Round Tuit? Art: Music: 10cc, The Original Soundtrack (album #3) (Mar.) (#15 in the U.S., #3 in the .K.); first release by Mercury Records, who signed them for $1M ; incl. I'm Not in Love (#2 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.), Une Nuit A Paris (One Night in Paris). ABBA, ABBA (Limo Album) (album #3) (Apr. 21); incl. Mamma Mia, SOS, Bang-A-Boomerang, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do; Greatest Hits (album) (Nov. 17). AC/DC, High Voltage (album) (debut) (Feb. 17); from Australia, incl. Angus McKinnon Young (1955-) and Malcolm Young (1953-) (guitars), Bon Scott (1946-80)/Brian Johnson (1947-) (vocals), Mark Evans/Cliff Williams (bass), Phillip Hugh Norman "Phil" Rudd (1954-) (drums); incl. Baby, Please Don't Go. Ace, How Long? (#3 in the U.S.) (#10 in the U.K.); from Sheffield, England, incl. Paul Carrack (lead vocals, keyboards), Terry "Tex" Comer (bass), Phil Harris (guitar), Alan "Bam" King (guitar); about Carrack finding out that another band was trying to steal Comer. Aerosmith, Toys in the Attic (album #3) (Apr. 8); incl. Toys in the Attic, Walk This Way, Sweet Emotion. Morris Albert (1951-), Feelings (#6 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); successfully sued in 1988 by French songwriter Louis "Loulou" Gaste (Gasté) (1908-95), who wins 88% of royalties after proving it's a ripoff of his 1956 song "Pour Toi" (For You). Arthur Alexander (1940-93), Every Day I Have to Cry. The Allman Brothers Band, Win, Lose or Draw (album #6) (Aug.) America, Hearts (album #5) (Mar. 19) (#4 in the U.S.); incl. Sister Golden Hair (#1 in the U.S.), Daisy Jane, Woman Tonight; History: America's Greatest Hits (album) (Dec). Dominick Argento (1927-), From the Diary of Virginia Woolf (Pulitzer Prize). The Association, One Sunday Morning. Joan Baez (1941-), Diamonds & Rust (album); incl. Diamonds & Rust. The Band, Northern Lights - Southern Cross; incl. Acadian Driftwood. Tony Camillo's Bazuka, Dynomite; 1-hit wonder. Barbi Benton (1950-), Barbi Doll (album) (debut) (#17 country); incl. Queen of the Silver Dollar; Barbi Benton (album #2) (#18 country); incl. Brass Knuckles (#5 country). Chuck Berry (1926-2017), Shake, Rattle and Roll. Claude Bolling (1930-) and Jean-Pierre Rampal (1922-2000), Suite for Flute and Jazz Piano; big hit in France. David Bowie (1947-2016), Young Americans (album #9) (Mar. 7) (#9 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); incl. Young Americans (#28 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.), Fame (#1 in the U.S., #17 in the U.K.); co-written by John Lennon (who does backing vocals), and Carlos Alomar; his first #1 U.S. hit; disses Philly soul by calling it "plastic soul", getting him an invite to "Soul Train"; Luther Vandross also does backing vocals; on Dec. 5 he makes a cocaine-soaked appearance on "The Dick Cavett Show"; Win. Polly Brown (1947-), Up In A Puff of Smoke (solo debut) (#16 in the U.S., #43 in the U.K.); from Birmingham, England. The Beau Brummels, The Beau Brummels (album #6) (last album) (Apr.) (#180 in the U.S.); first album since 1968; incl. You Tell Me Why. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Rancho Deluxe Soundtrack (album #6). Chris de Burgh (1948-),Far Beyond These Castle Walls (album) (debut); incl. Satin Green Shutters; Spanish Train and Other Stories (album #2); incl. Spanish Train. Iron Butterfly, Scorching Beauty; incl. 1975 Overture. Can, Landed (album #7); incl. Unfinished. The Captain and Tennille, Love Will Keep Us Together. Eric Carmen (1949-), All By Myself (Dec. 1) (#2 in the U.S.) (1M copies) (solo debut); based on Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor. Kim Carnes (1945-), Kim Carnes (album) (debut); former member of the New Christy Minstrels; incl. You're a Part of Me (w/Gene Cotton). The Carpenters, Horizon (album #6) (June 6) (#13 in the U.S.); sells 1M copies; incl. Please Mr. Postman (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.), Only Yesterday (#4 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.), Solitaire (#15 in the U.S.). Keith Carradine (1949-), I'm Easy (#10 in the U.S.); from the film "Nashville". Harry Chapin (1942-81), Portrait Gallery (album #5) (Sept. 27). Ray Charles (1930-2004), Living for the City; cover of the 1973 Stevie Wonder hit. Cher (1946-), Stars (album #12) (May); one of a string of 1970s flops. Chicago, Chicago VIII (album #7) (Mar. 24) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Brand New Love Affair, Part I & II (#61 in the U.S.). Harry Truman (#13 in the U.S.), Old Days (#3 in the U.S.); Chicago IX - Chicago's Greatest Hits (album #9) (2nd live album) (Nov. 10) (#1 in the U.S.) (5M copies); doesn't chart in the U.K.; stays on U.S. Billboard 200 for 72 straight weeks; #5 of five straight #1 U.S. albums. Chilliwack, Rockerbox (album #5). Climax Blues Band, Using the Power (#10 in the U.S.); originally the Climax Chicago Blues Band until the Chicago Transit Authority objects; from Stafford, England, incl. Colin Cooper (1939-2008) (vocals), Pete Haycock (1951-2013) (guitar, vocals), Derek Holt (1940-) (guitar), Richard Jones (1949-) (bass), Arthur Wood (1929-2005), and George Newsome (1947-). Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Jamaica Say You Will (album #5) (Aug.). Judy Collins (1939-), Judith (album #12) (Mar.) (#17 in the U.S.) (1M copies); incl. Send in the Clowns (by Stephen Sondheim), The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (by Jimmy Webb), Salt of the Earth (by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards). Jessi Colter (1947-), I'm Not Lisa (solo debut) (#5 in the U.S.). Bad Company, Straight Shooter (album #2) (Apr.) (#3 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); incl. Feel Like Makin' Love (#10 in the U.S.), Good Lovin' Gone Bad (#36 in the U.S.). Alice Cooper (1948-), Welcome to My Nightmare (album) (solo debut) (Feb.); incl. Welcome to My Nightmare (performs it on "The Muppet Show"), Only Women (Bleed), Department of Youth. King Crimson, USA (album #8); incl. Walk On... No Pussyfooting. Seals and Crofts, I'll Play for You (album #7); incl. I'll Play for You. George Crumb (1929-), Makrokosmos II. Blue Oyster Cult, On Your Feet or On Your Knees (double album); incl. Hot Rail to Hell. Steely Dan, Katy Lied (album #4) (Mar.) (#13 in the U.S.); incl. Black Friday (#37 in the U.S.) (about the 1929 Stock Market Crash), Bad Sneakers, Everything's Gone to the Movies. Mac Davis (1942-), Forever Lovers. The Grateful Dead, Blues for Allah (album #8) (Sept. 1); incl. Blues for Allah. Sandy Denny (1947-78), Rising for the Moon (album). John Denver (1943-97), An Evening with John Denver (album #9) (Feb.); Windsong (album #10); incl. I'm Sorry (#1 in the U.S.), Calypso, Fly Away; Rocky Mountain Christmas (album #10). Rick Derringer (1947-), Spring Fever (album #2) (last); incl. Hang On Sloopy. The 5th Dimension, Earthbound (album #12) (Aug.); incl. Moonlight Mile (by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards); (Last Night) I Didn't Get to Sleep at All (#8 in the U.S.) (by Tom Macaulay); If I Could Reach You (#10 in the U.S.). Dion DiMucci (1939-) (1939-), Born to Be With You (album); incl. Born to Be With You. Doobie Brothers, Stampede (album #5) (Apr. 25) (#4 in the U.S.); last with Tom Johnston; incl. Take Me in Your Arms (Rock Me a Little While) (#11 in the U.S.), I Cheat the Hangman. Tangerine Dream, Rubycon (album #6) (Mar. 21) (#12 in the U.S.); incl. Rubycon, Pt. 1. Ricochet (album #7) (first live album) (Dec.). Bob Dylan (1941-), Blood on the Tracks (album #15) (Jan. 17); first hot album in years (#1 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.); incl. Simple Twist of Fate, Meet Me in the Morning, Tangled Up in Blue; The Basement Tapes (album) (June 26). Eagles, One of These Nights (album) (June 10); Bernie Leadon leaves in Dec. after his dating of Ronald Reagan's daughter Patti Davis causes tensions and he pours a beer over Glenn Frey's head, and is replaced by Joe Walsh (1947-), causing the James Gang to break up; incl. One of These Nights (#1 in the U.S.), Lyin' Eyes (#2 in the U.S.), Take It To the Limit (#4 in the U.S.), Journey of the Sorcerer (Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Theme). Duane Eddy (1938-), Play Me Like You Play Your Guitar (#9 in the U.K.). Elf, Trying to Burn the Sun (album #3) (last album) (June); incl. ELO, Face the Music (album #5) (Sept.); incl. Wonderworld. Evil Woman, Strange Magic, Fire On High. Brian Eno (1948-), Another Green World (album #3) (Sept.); Phil Collins is the drummer; incl. Another Green World, St. Elmo's Fire; Discreet Music (album #4) (Nov.); Evening Star (album) (Dec.) (with Robert Fripp); incl. Wind on Water. David Essex (1947-), Hold Me Close. Freddy Fender (1937-2006), Before the Next Teardrop Falls (Jan.) (#1 in the U.S.); Wasted Days and Wasted Nights (#8 in the U.S.); he originally recorded it in 1959, but it was spoiled by an arrest and conviction for marijuana possession. Earth, Wind and Fire, That's the Way of the World Soundtrack (album #6) (Mar. 15); incl. That's the Way of the World (#12 in the U.S.), Shining Star (#1 in the U.S.); Gratitude (double album) (Nov. 11) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Can't Hide Love, Reasons. Pink Floyd, Wish You Were Here (album #7) (Sept. 12); recorded at Abbey Road Studios; first to reach #1 on U.S. and U.K. charts; incl. Wish You Were Here, Welcome to the Machine ("Welcome my son, welcome to the machine/ Where have you been?/ It's alright we know where you've been./ You've been in the pipeline, filling in time") (best appreciated when high on weed?), Have a Cigar (with Roy Harper) ("Oh, by the way, which one's Pink?"). Focus, Mother Focus (album #5) (Oct.); they go disco; incl. Mother Focus. Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), Captured Angel (album #3); incl. Captured Angel. Foghat, Fool for the City (album #5) (Sept.); incl. Slow Ride (#5 in the U.S.). The Four Seasons, Who Loves You (album) (Nov.) (#38 in the U.S.); incl. Who Loves You (#3 in the U.S.), December, 1963 (Oh What a Night) (#1 in the U.S.), Silver Star (#38 in the U.S.). Peter Frampton (1950-), Frampton (album) (album #4); incl. Show Me the Way, Baby, I Love Your Way. Jean Francaix (1912-97), Cassazione for Three Orchestras. Funkadelic, Let's Take It to the Stage (album #7) (Apr.); incl. Let's Take It to the Stage. Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91), Rock Around the Bunker (album); disses the Nazis. The James Gang, Newborn (album #8) (May 5); first with Richard Shack and Bubba Keith in place of Tommy Bolin and Roy Kenner. Kool and the Gang, Spirit of the Boogie (album #8) (Aug.); incl. Spirit of the Boogie. Jungle Jazz, Winter Sadness. Bee Gees, Main Course (album #11) (May); their first to feature disco music; incl. Nights on Broadway, Jive Talkin'. Googoosh (1950-), Mosabbeb (album) (debut); Iranian pop singer launches her career, which is ended by the 1979 Iranian Rev. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Always Wanting You; Movin' On; It's All in the Movies (album); incl. It's All in the Movies; The Roots of My Raising. Albert Hammond (1944-), Down By the River. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Man-Child (album #17) (Aug. 22); Flood (album #18). Roy Harper (1941-), HQ (When An Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease) (album #8) (June); incl. When An Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease. Emmylou Harris (1947-), Pieces of the Sky (album) (2nd debut); incl. If I Could Only Win Your Love; Elite Hotel (album) (Nov.); incl. Sweet Dreams (by Don Gibson), Here, There, and Everywhere (by John Lennon and Paul McCartney), Jambalaya (On the Bayou) (by Hank Williams). George Harrison (1943-2001), Extra Texture (Read All About It) (Sept. 22) (last studio album released by Apple) (#8 in the U.S., #16 in the U.K.); incl. You, This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying). Procol Harum, Procol Harum's Ninth (album #9) (Sept.); incl. Pandora's Box. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Chocolate Chip (album); incl. Chocolate Chip, I Can't Turn Around; Disco Connection (album); incl. Disco Connection. Uriah Heep, Return to Fantasy (album #8) (May) (#7 in the U.K.); first with John Wetton; incl. Return to Fantasy, Prima Donna. Mott the Hoople, Drive On (album). Janis Ian (1951-), Between the Lines (album) (Mar.); sells 1M copies; incl. At Seventeen, When the Party's Over. Isley Brothers, Fight the Power, Pts. 1 & 2; For the Love of You, Pts. 1 & 2. Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Forever Michael (album #4) (Jan.); incl. We're Almost There, Just a Little Bit of You; Moving Violation (album #5) (May); his last with Motown Records, after which they sign with Epic Records; incl. Forever Came Today. Millie Jackson (1944-), Still Caught Up (album #5); incl. Loving Arms. Jigsaw, Sky High (album); from Coventry and Rugby, England, incl. Clive Scott and Des Dyer; incl. Love Fire, Sky High (#3 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.); from the 1975 film "The Man from Hong Kong", starring George Lazenby; becomes a big hit in Japan after Mexican wrestler Mil Mascaras adopts it as his theme song. Elton John (1947-), Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy (album #9) (May 23) (first album to debut at #1 in the U.S.); incl. Someone Saved My Life Tonight; Rock of the Westies (album #10) (Oct. 4); incl. Island Girl. Journey, Journey (album) (debut) (Apr. 1); formed in 1973 from members of the group Santana, incl. Neal Joseph Schon (1954-) (guitar), Gregg Alan Rolie (1947-) (keyboards, vocals), Ross Lamont Valory (1949-) (bass), George Tickner (1946-) (guitar), and Prairie Prince (1950-)/Aynsley Thomas Dunbar (1946-) (drums); incl. Of a Lifetime, Kohoutek, Mystery Mountain, Topaz. Kansas, Song for America (album #2) (Feb.); incl. Song for America; Masque (album #3) (Nov.); incl. It Takes a Woman's Love (To Make a Man). Karina, La Golondrina (The Swallow). The Kinks, Soap Opera (album #13) (May 16); Schoolboys in Disgrace (album #14) (Nov. 17). Kiss, Dressed to Kill (album #3) (Mar. 19) (#32 in the U.S.); incl. C'mon and Love Me, Rock and Roll All Nite (#12 in the U.S.). Gladys Knight (1944-) and the Pips, The Way We Were/Try to Remember (#11 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.). Kraftwerk, Radio-Activity (album #5) (Oct.); incl. Radioactivity. Fela Kuti (1938-97), Expensive Shit (album #12); title refers to when Nigerian police planted a joint on him, but he eats it, and they hold in custody until he shits it out, but he substitutes another inmate's shit and is released; incl. Expensive Shit. Labelle, Phoenix (album #5); incl. Phoenix (The Amazing Flight of a Lone Star), Messin' With My Mind, Action Time, Black Holes in the Sky. Brenda Lee (1944-), Rock On Baby; He's My Rock. John Lennon (1940-80), Rock 'n' Roll (album #6) (Feb. 21); producer Phil Spector pulls a loaded gun on Lennon during the song You Can't Catch Me at the Record Plant recording studio in Los Angeles, and the gun goes off, causing Lennon to tell him "If you're going to shoot me, shoot me, but don't mess with me ears; I need them to listen with"; he doesn't find that he was shooting real bullets until the next day, shaking him up; incl. Stand By Me (but not Phil Spector?); Shaved Fish (album #7) (Oct. 24) (#12 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.); compilation of his non-Beatles singles. Gordon Lightfoot (1938-), Rainy Day People (#1 in the U.S.). Thin Lizzy, Fighting (album #5) (Sept. 12); incl. Fighting My Way Back, Freedom Song. Loggins and Messina, So Fine (album #5) (Aug.); incl. A Lover's Question. Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms, Lord, If You're a Woman. Fleetwood Mac, Fleetwood Mac (White Album) (album #10) (July 11) (#1 in the U.S., #23 in the U.K.) (most weeks on Billboard 200 before reaching #1 until Paula Abdul); sells 5M copies, making them superstars; first with Lindsey Adams Buckingham (1949-) and Stephanie Lynn "Stevie" Nicks (1948-); incl. Say You Love Me (#11 in the U.S.), Rhiannon (#11 in the U.S.), Over My Head (#20 in the U.S.), Landslide; such a big hit that it makes all their marriages break up? Mandalaband, Mandalaband (album) (debut); David M. Rohl (1950-). Barry Manilow (1943-), Tryin' to Get the Feeling (album #3) (Oct.); incl. I Write the Songs. Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Live! (album) (Dec. 5); recorded on July 18-19 at the Lyceum Theatre in London. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), There's No Place Like America Today (album #7); incl. So In Love. Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings, Venus and Mars (album #4) (May 27); first with James "Jimmy" McCulloch (1953-79) (guitar) and Geoff Britton (drums); incl. Venus and Mars, Rock Show. Van McCoy (1940-79), LP Disco Baby (album #4); incl. The Hustle. Gwen McCrae (1943-), Rocking' Chair (#11 in the U.S.). Gene McDaniels (1935-), Natural Juices (album #11); next album in 2005. John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-), Skin It Back (album) (debut). Harold Melvin (1939-97) and the Blue Notes, Don't Leave Me This Way; Wake Up Everybody; Bad Luck. Olivier Messiaen (1908-92), St. Francis of Assisi (opera) (1975-83). Joni Mitchell (1943-), The Hissing of Summer Lawns (album #7) (Nov.); incl. In France They Kiss on Main Street. Carman Moore, Wildfires and Field Songs. Moxy, Moxy (Black Album) (Moxy I) (album); features Tommy Bolin; incl. Can't You See I'm a Star, Train, Out of the Darkness, Sail On Sail Away, Moon Rider. Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Blue Sky, Night Thunder (album #4); incl. Carolina in the Pines, Wildfire. Roxy Music, Siren (album #5) (Oct. 24); cover features Bryan Ferry's babe Jerry Hall; incl. Love is the Drug, Both Ends Burning. Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Have You Never Been Mellow (album #4) (Feb.) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Have You Never Been Mellow; Clearly Love (album #5) (Sept.) (#12 in the U.S.); incl. Cleary Love. Three Dog Night, Come Down Your Way (album #13) (May); last with the three founding vocalists. Hall & Oates, Daryl Hall & John Oates (Silver Album) (album #4) (Sept. 15); incl. Sara Smile. Phil Ochs (1940-76), Gunfight at Carnegie Hall (album #7) (last); his famous gold-suited Mar. 27, 1970 Carnegie Hall concert. Roy Orbison (1936-88), Hung Up On You/ Spanish Nights (Feb.); It's Lonely/ Still (Oct.). Tony Orlando (1944-) and Dawn, Greatest Hits (album); He Don't Love You (Like I Love You) (album #9); Skybird (album #10). Robin Orr (1909-2006), Hermiston (opera) (debut). Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Four Wheel Drive (album #4) (May); incl. Four Wheel Drive. Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Pressure Drop (album #2); incl. Pressure Drop. Gary S. Paxton (1938-), The Astonishing, Outrageous, Amazing, Incredible, Unbelievable, Different World of Gary S. Paxton (album) (Apr. 1); incl. Weeds. Humble Pie, Street Rats (album #9) (last album) (Feb.) (#100 in the U.S.); incl. Street Rat. Pilot, January (#1 in the U.K.). The Pointer Sisters, Steppin' (album #3) (May); incl. How Long (Betcha Got a Chick on the Side). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Upon the Wings of Music (album) (May 25). Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-) and Mahavishnu Orchestra, Visions of the Emerald Beyond (album); incl. Eternity's Breath. Elvis Presley (1935-77), Promised Land (album) (Jan.); last recording studios at Stax Records in Memphis in Dec. 1973; My Boy/ Thinking About You (Jan.); Pure Gold (album) (Mar.); T-R-O-U-B-L-E/ Mr. Songman (Apr.); Elvis Today (album) (May 17); incl. Green, Green Grass of Home (#30 in the U.K.); Bringing It Back/ Pieces Of My Life (Oct.); Double Dynamite (album) (Dec.). Billy Preston (1946-2006), It's My Pleasure (album #10) (June). Freddie Prinze (1954-77), Looking Good (album). Pure Prairie League, Two Lane Highway (album #3) (Apr.) (#24 in the U.S.); incl. Kansas City Southern, Just Can't Believe It (w/Emmylou Haris). Deep Purple, Come Taste the Band (album #10) (Oct.); recorded in Munich; only album with guitarist Tommy Bolin (1951-76), who dies of an OD on Dec. 4, 1976 after the band incl. David Coverdale, Glenn Hughes, Jon Lord (1941-2012), Ian Paice breaks up for eight years in July, 1976; incl. Lady Luck, Love Child, Gettin' Tighter, This Time Around, You Keep on Moving. Queen, A Night at the Opera (album #4) (Nov. 21) (#4 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); most expensive album produced to date; title taken from the 1935 Marx Brothers film "A Night at the Opera"; incl. Bohemian Rhapsody (best rock song of all time?) (incl. the lyric "Bismillah" = in the name of Allah), The Prophet's Song, You're My Best Friend, God Save the Queen, Love of My Life, 39. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Eddie Rabbitt (album) (debut). Rainbow, Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow (album) (debut) (July); from England, incl. Richard Hugh "Ritchie" Blackmore (1945-) of Deep Purple, Ronnie James Dio (Ronald James Padanova) (1942-) of Elf, Mickey Lee Soule (1946-) (keyboards), Craig Gruber (bass), and Gary Driscoll (1946-87) (drums); incl. Black Sheep of the Family, Sixteenth Century Greensleeves, Man on the Silver Mountain, Catch the Rainbow. Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Home Plate (album #5); incl. Sugar Mama. Helen Reddy (1941-), No Way to Treat a Lady (album #7) (July) (#11 in the U.S.); incl. Ain't No Way to Treat a Lady (#8 in the U.S.), Somewhere in the Night (#19 in the U.S.). Lou Reed (1942-), Metal Machine Music (album #5) (double album) (July); noise music?; "I was serious about it; I was also really, really stoned"; claims to invent heavy metal music; incl. Metal Machine Music Pt. I. Little River Band, Little River Band (album) (debut) (#80 in the U.S.); from Melbourne, Australia, incl. Glenn Barrie Shorrock (1944-) (vocals), Graeham George Goble (1947-) (guitar), Beeb Birtles (Gerard Bertelkamp) (1948-) (guitar), Wayne Nelson (1950-), David John Briggs (1951-) (guitar), Riccardo "Ric" Formosa (1954-) (guitar), Roger McLachlan (bass), and Derek Allan Pellici (1953-) (drums); incl. Curiosity (Killed the Cat), Emma, Everyday of My Life, It's A Long Way There (#30 in the U.S.), I'll Always Call Your Name. Bay City Rollers, Bye, Bye, Baby (#1 in the U.K.) (1M copies); Give a Little Love (#1 in the U.K.); Saturday Night (#1 in the U.S.); Money Honey (#9 in the U.S.). Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Prisoner in Disguise (album #6); incl. Heat Wave, Tracks of My Tears, Love Is a Rose. Rufus featuring Chaka Khan (1953-), Rufus featuring Chaka Khan (album #4) (Nov.) (#12 in the U.S.) (1M copies); incl. Sweet Thing (#5 in the U.S.), Dance With Me (#39 in the U.S.), Jive Talkin' (by the Bee Gees). Rush, Fly By Night (album #2) (Feb. 15) (#113 in the U.S.); incl. Fly by Night, Anthem; Caress of Steel (album #3) (Sept. 15) (#148 in the U.S.) (500K copies); incl. Bastille Day, I Think I'm Going Bald, The Necromancer, The Fountain of Lamneth. Leon Russell (1942-), Will O' the Wisp (album); incl. Lady Blue. Black Sabbath, Sabotage (album #6) (July 28); incl. Hole in the Sky, Symptom of the Universe. New Riders of the Purple Sage, Oh, What a Mighty Time (album #6). Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), Changing Woman (album). The Scorpions, In Trance (album #3) (Sept. 17); incl. Dark Lady. Gil Scott-Heron (1949-2011), The First Minute of a New Day (album #5) (Jan.). Neil Sedaka (1939-), Love Will Keep Us Together; co-written by Howard Greenfield (1936-86). Bob Seger (1945-), Beautiful Loser (album) (Apr.); incl. Beautiful Loser. Quicksilver Messenger Service, Solid Silver (album). Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Five Pieces for Piano. Shirley and Company, Shame Shame Shame (#12 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder; Shirley Goodman (1936-2005). Carly Simon (1945-), Playing Possum (album #5) (Apr.); incl. Attitude Dancing, Waterfall. Paul Simon (1941-), Still Crazy After All These Years (album) (Oct.); incl. Still Crazy After All These Years, My Little Town, 50 Ways to Leave Your Lover. Patrick Sky (1943-), Two Steps Forward, One Step Back (album #6); dedicated to Mississippi John Hurt; incl. his signature song Many a Mile. Lynyrd Skynyrd, Nuthin' Fancy (album #3) (Mar. 24); incl. Saturday Night Special, Railroad Song, I'm a Country Boy. Sister Sledge, Circle of Love (album) (debut); AKA Mrs. Williams' Grandchildren; from Philly, incl. Debbie Sledge (1954-), Joni Sledge (1957-), Kim Sledge (1958-), and Kathy Sledge (1959-), all granddaughters of opera singer Viola Williams. Patti Smith (1946-), Horses (album) (debut) (Nov.); helps launch New York City punk rock, gaining her the title "Godmother of Punk", turning 15-y.-o. Michael Stipe on to starting his own band; incl. Gloria: In Excelsis Deo ("Jesus died for somebody's sins, but not mine"), Redondo Beach, Free Money, Land: Horses/ Land of a Thousand Dances/ La Mer (De). Softones, (Hey There) Lonely Girl; remake of "Hey There Lonely Boy" by Ruby and the Romantics (1963). Billie Jo Spears (1937-), Blanket on the Ground. REO Speedwagon, This Time We Mean It (album #5). Jimmie Spheeris (1949-84), The Dragon is Dancing (album #3). Bruce Springsteen (1949-), Born to Run (album #3) (Aug. 25) (#3 in the U.S.) (6M copies in the U.S.); makes him an instant star, getting him on the covers of Time and Newsweek in the same week; incl. Born to Run ("I wanna die with you Wendy in the streets tonight in an everlasting kiss"), Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out, Thunder Road, Jungleland. Staple Singers, Let's Do It Again Soundtrack (album); songs by Curtis Mayfield; incl. Let's Do It Again (#1 in the U.S.). Ringo Starr (1940-), Blast from Your Past (album) (Dec. 12). Status Quo, On the Level (album #8) (Feb.); incl. Down Down (#1 in U.K.). Mannheim Steamroller, Fresh Aire (album); Neoclassical New Age music group founded by Hamler, Ohio-born Louis F. "Chip" Davis (1947-) and Huntingdon, Penn.-born Jackson Berkey (1942-); named after the 18th cent. Mannheim roller (Mannheimer Walze) musical technique; Davis uses electric bass and synthesizers to perform classical music; followed by "Fresh Aire II" (1977) and "Fresh Aire III" (1979), going on to sell 28M albums in the U.S. Steppenwolf, Hour of the Wolf (album #8). Cat Stevens (1948-), Numbers: A Pythagorean Theory Tale (album) (Nov. 30); about the plant Polygor and its Polygons Monad, Dupey, Trezlar, Cubis, Qizlo, Hexidor, Septo, Octav, and Novim, who want to disperse numbers to the Universe. Ray Stevens (1939-), Turn Your Radio On/Misty (album); incl. Misty. Al Stewart (1945-), Modern Times (album #6) (Jan.); incl. Modern Times, The Dark and Rolling Sea. Rod Stewart (1945-), Atlantic Crossing (album #6) (Aug. 15); incl. Drift Away, I Don't Want to Talk About It (with Amy Belle), Sailing. The Rolling Stones, Made in the Shade (album) (June 6) (first compilation album on Atlantic Records). Styx, Equinox (album #5) (Dec. 1); incl. Lorelei (#27 in the U.S.), Suite Madame Blue (about the 1976 U.S. Bicentennial). Sugarloaf, Don't Call Us, We'll Call You (#9 in the U.S.). Donna Summer (1948-2012), Love to Love You Baby (album #2) (Aug. 27); incl. Love to Love You Baby (Nov.) (#2 in the U.S.); her first U.S. hit after Time mag. reports that it contains 22 simulated orgasms, causing her to be called the First Lady of Love. KC and the Sunshine Band, KC and the Sunshine Band (album #2) (July); incl. That's the Way (I Like It), Get Down Tonight, Boogie Shoes; The Sound of Sunshine (album #3) (Sept.). Supertramp, Crisis? What Crisis? (album) (Nov.); title taken from the 1973 film "The Day of the Jackal". James Taylor (1948-), Gorilla (album #6) (May 1); incl. Mexico, How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You). The Temptations, Shakey Ground. Pretty Things, Savage Eye (album #8). B.J. Thomas (1942-), Reunion (album); incl. (Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song. Richard Thompson (1949-) and Linda Thompson (1947-), Hokey Pokey (album #2) (Apr.); incl. Hokey Pokey (The Ice Cream Song); Pour Down Like Silver (album #3) (Nov.); made after becoming Sufis in 1974 in London, with the cover revealing Richard's turbaned head; incl. For Shame of Doing Wrong. The Four Tops, Night Lights Harmony (album); incl. Seven Lonely Nights. T.Rex, Bolan's Zip Gun (album #10) (Feb. 16); incl. Light of Love (#22 in the U.K.), Zip Gun Boogie. Robin Trower (1945-), For Earth Below (album #3) (Feb.); cover is used in the abortion scene in the film "The Omen"; incl. Shame the Devil. The Tubes, The Tubes (album) (debut); from San Francisco, Calif., incl. William "Bill" "Sputnik" Spooner (1949-) (vocals), Fee Waybill (vocals), Roger Steen (guitar), Charles L'Empereur "Prairie" Prince (drums), Michael Cotten (synthesizer), Vince Welnick (piano), and Rick Anderson (bass); incl. White Punks on Dope. Tanya Tucker (1958-), Lizzie and the Rainman (#1 country) (#37 in the U.S.). Jethro Tull, Minstrel in the Gallery (album #8) (Sept. 5). Hot Tuna, America's Choice (album #5) (May) (#75 in the U.S.); incl. Funky #7, Walkin' Blues; Yellow Fever (album #6) (#97 in the U.S.); incl. Baby What You Want Me to Do. Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, My Eyes Adored You; Swearin' to God;. Who Loves You (Aug.) (#3 in the U.S.); the new disco Four Seasons, incl. John Paiva (guitar), Don Ciccone (bass), Lee Shapiro (keyboards), and Gerry Polci (drums); Who Loves You (album); incl. December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night) (#1 in the U.S.). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), It's Too Late Now; Close Your Eyes; After Loving You. The Ventures, Now Playing (album) (Aug.). War, Why Can't We Be Friends (album #7) (June); incl. Why Can't We Be Friends? (#8 in the U.S.), Low Rider. Dionne Warwick (1940-), Move Me No Mountain. Stealers Wheel, Right or Wrong (album #3) (last album). Roger Whittaker (1936-), The Last Farewell; sells 11M copies and becomes his signature song. The Who, The Who by Numbers (album #7) (Oct. 3); incl. Squeeze Box. Betty Wright (1953-), Tonight is the Night. Tammy Wynette (1942-98), I Still Believe in Fairy Tales. Yes, Yesterdays (album #7) (Feb. 28); incl. America. Neil Young (1945-) and Crazy Horse, Tonight's the Night (album #8) (June 20); last of the Ditch Trilogy; incl. Tonight's the Night; Zuma (album #9) (Nov. 10); Zuma Beach, Malibu, Calif.; incl. Cortez the Killer. Frank Zappa (1940-93) and Captain Beefheart (1941-2011), Bongo Fury (album) (Oct. 2); incl. Sam With the Showing Scalp Flat Top, Man With the Woman Head. Frank Zappa (1940-93) and The Mothers of Invention, One Size Fits All (last album) (June 25); last with the Mothers of Invention, incl. George Duke, Chester Thompson, Ruth Underwood, Tom Fowler, Napoleon Murphy Brock, Johnny "Guitar" Watson; incl. Inca Roads. Movies: Claude Whatham's All Creatures Great and Small (July 27) (original title "Ill Creatures Great and Small"), based on the James Herriot novels "If Only They Could Talk" and "It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet" stars Simon Ward, Anthony Hopkins, Brian Stirner, and Lisa Harrow; a TV series based on it airs on BBC-TV from 1978-90. Peter Bogdanovich's At Long Last Love (Mar.), a tribute to 1930s Hollywood musicals and mate swapping among the rich starring Burt Reynolds, Cybill Shepherd, Madeline Kahn, Duilio Del Prete, John Hillerman and Eileen Brennan eschews lip-synching in favor of awkward live perf. of Cole Porter numbers that result in scathing reviews and a box office flop, becoming one of the worst films ever made, or just a victim of snobbery?; incl. But in the Morning No, Let's Misbehave/De-Lovely - is it Granada I see or only Asbury Park? John Korty's The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (Jan. 31), based on the 1971 Ernest J. Gaines novel stars Cicely Tyson in a TV drama that wins nine Emmys. Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon (Dec. 18), based on the 1844 William Makepeace Thackeray novel about a member of the Irish gentry trying to fork his way into the English aristocracy stars Ryan O'Neal and Marisa Berenson. Richard Brooks' Bite the Bullet (June 20) stars Gene Hackman, Candice Bergen, and James Coburn in a yarn about a horse race in the desert in the Old West. L.Q. Jones' A Boy and His Dog, (Nov. 24), based on the 1969 Harlan Ellison story stars Vic (Don Johnson) and his well-read misanthropic telepathic dog Blood in post-apocalyptic SW U.S. Douglas Hickox's Brannigan (Mar. 26) (United Artists) stars John Wayne (after regretting turning down Dirty Harry and making "McQ") as Chicago detective Lt. James Brannigan, known for packing a .38 Colt Diamandback revolver, who is sent to England to organize the extradition of mobster Ben Larkin (John Vernon), who is soon kidnapped and held for ransom, making him have to fight the restraining British system to catch him; Richard Attenborough plays stuffy Metro Police cmdr. Sir Charles Swann; Daniel Pilon plays hit man Gorman; Mel Ferrer plays Larkin's atty. Mel Fields; one of the first approved for filming in Chicago since the Mayor Daley era; contains footage shot insider the Garrick Club for actors ony after long-time Attenborough talks them into it; features a spectacular car chase through Battsear's Shaftesbury Estate in Wandsworth, C London, showing Tower Bridge before it gets its red-white-blue paint job in 1977 to commemorate Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee, and the Albert Memorial before the statue gets its gold leaf coating. Claude Lelouch's Cat and Mouse (Le Chat et ls Souris) (Sept. 3) stars Michele Morgan and Serge Reggiani. John Schlesinger's The Day of the Locust (May 7) (Paramount), based on the 1939 Nathaniel West novel about amoral pre-WWII Hollyweird stars Donald Sutherland as accountant Homer Simpson, who lusts after trashy aspiring actress Faye Greener (Karen Black) in the San Bernardino Arms; Burgess Meredith plays washed-up vaudevillian Harry Greener, and William Atherton plays aspiring artist Tod Hackett; does $17.8M box office. Akira Kurosawa's Dersu Uzala (July), about Russian explorer Vladimir Arsenyev (1872-1930) stars Maxim Munzuki and Yuri Solomin. Sidney Lumet's Dog Day Afternoon (Sept. 21) stars Al Pacino as bisexual bank robber John Wojtowicz, who does a memorable chant about Attica while holding bank hostages to get money to fund his lover Elizabeth Eden's sex change operation; John Cazale plays bank robber Sal Naturile, who is killed by the police; #5 grossing film of 1975 ($46.6M). Stuart Rosenberg's The Drowning Pool, based on the novel by Ross macdonald stars Paul Newman as detective Lew Harper in La. with nypho Melanie Griffin, daughter of his old flame Iris Devereaux (Joanne Woodward), fighting oil tycoon Kilbourne (Murray Hamilton), whose wife Mavis (Gail Strickland) gets locked in a hydrotherapy room with the water rising to the celing. John Duigan's The Firm Man (Mar. 7) is the dir. debut of English-born Australian dir. John Duigan (1949-), who later becomes a hit with "The Year My Voice Broke" (1987). Rainer Werner Fassbinder's Fox and His Friends (Faustrecht der Freiheit) May) stars Fassbinder as carnival booth operator Franz "Fox" Bieberkopf, who needs money and ends up picked up by an old fag named Max (Karlheinz Bohm), only to win 500K marks in a lottery, after which Max's friends try to get their hands on er, it. Herbert Ross' Funny Lady (Mar. 15), written by Jay Presson Allen and Arnold Schulman based on the 1968 film "Funny Girl" stars Barbra Streisand as Fanny Brice, and James Caan as Billy Rose. Bill Rebane's The Giant Spider Invasion (Oct. 24) features a VW covered with fur sprouting fake legs and driven backwards; stars Alan Hale Jr., Barbara Hale, Leslie Parish, Steve Brodie, Christiane Schmidtmer, and Robert Easton in a surprise box office hit. Peter Davis' Hearts and Minds (Nov. 17) is a documentary about the opponents of the Vietnam War and their conflicting attitudes. Joan Micklin Silver's Hester Street (Oct. 19), based on the 1896 Abraham Cahan novel "Yekl: A Tale of the New York Ghetto" stars Steven Keats as Jake, and Carol Kane as Gitl. Steven Spielberg's Jaws (June 20) (Universal Pictures), a horror-thriller film based on the 1974 Peter Benchley novel stars Roy Scheider as Police Chief Martin Brody, Robert Shaw as shark hunter Quint, and Richard Dreyfuss as oceanographer Matt Hooper, with an ominous shark theme composed by John Williams, becoming Hollywood's first $100M blockbuster ($133.4M U.S. and $470.7M worldwide box office on a $9M budget), and highest-grossing film until "Star Wars" (1977); spawns three sequels, all flops; the robot shark is named Bruce after Spielberg's atty.; "You're gonna need a bigger boat" (Brody); "There is a creature alive today who has survived millions of years of evolution without change, without passion, and without logic. It lives to kill, a mindless eating machine. It will attack and devour anything. It is as if God created the Devil and gave him jaws"; the book and the movie are based on real-life shark fisherman Frank Mundus (1925-2008), skipper of Cricket II; Universal Studios sets up a Jaws exhibit featuring a mechanical shark that menaces the tour bus. Sidney Poitier's Let's Do It Again (Oct. 11) stars Poitier and Bill Cosby as blue-collar workers who rig a boxing match to raise money for their lodge; the theme Let's Do It Again is by the Staple Singers. Jan Kadar's Lies My Father Told Me (Sept. 26) stars Yossi Yadin as a Jewish boy growing up in 1920s Montreal. Volker Schlondorff's The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum (Die Verlorene Ehre der Katharine Blum) (Sept. 17) stars Angela Winkler as German maid Katharina Blum, who spends the night with terrorist Ludwig Gotten (Jurgen Prochnow), who flees the police, and she is arrested as a terrorist in his place. Ingmar Bergman's The Magic Flute (Trollflotjen) (Jan. 1) films the Mozart opera starring Ulric Cold as Sarastro the Priest, Irma Urrila as Pamina, daughter of the Queen of the Night, and Josef Kostlinger as her lover Tamino. Barbet Schroeder's Maitresse (Apr. 28) stars Gerard Depardieu as crook Olivier who breaks into the house of Ariane (Bulle Ogier), a prof. dominatrix, who gets him into it; features graphics by Allen Jones showing S&M fun such as cunt-whipping and nailing cocks to planks, earning an X rating in the U.S. and getting banned in Britain until 2003, which only makes it more popular? Richard O. Fleischer's Mandingo (July 25) (Paramount Pictures), based on the Kyle Onstott novel and the Jack Kirkland play features black heavyweight boxer Ken Norton (who turned down a $250K gate to fight Jerry Quarry to make the film) in his screen debut in the title role as Southern slave Mede in 1840 dipping his wick in the white massah Warren Maxwell's (James Mason) wife Blanche Maxwell (Susan George) and getting cooked alive in a pot after the child turns out to be a mulatto and he the massah has her poisoned; Perry King plays Warren's son Hammond Maxwell; Sylvester Stallone has an uncredited part as a villager; the novel but not the film has the massah pouring the soup over his wife's grave. Arthur Hiller's The Man in the Glass Booth (Jan. 27), based on the 1967 Robert Shaw novel stars Maximilian Schell as rich Jewish Nazi death camp survivor ARthur Goldman, who is abducted from his Manhattan high-rise apt. and taken to Israel to stand trial for being a Nazi war criminal. John Huston's The Man Who Would Be King (Oct. 18) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1888 Rudyard Kipling novel based on real-life Englishman James Brooke, the first white rajah of Sarawak stars Sean Connery and Michael Caine as British soldiers Daniel Dravot and Peachy Carnehan, who resign and set themselves up in Kafiristan, where a white man has not been seen since Alexander the Great; Christopher Plummer plays Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), and Saeed Jaffrey plays Billy Fish. Terry Gilliam's and Terry Jones' Monty Python and the Holy Grail (Apr. 9) stars Graham Chapman as King Arthur in a spoof set in 932 C.E. of the Arthurian legend with the knights who say "Ni"; also stars John "It's just a scratch" Cleese as the Black Knight, and features the Trojan Killer Rabbit of Caerbannog who dispatches Sir Bors; also the Three Questions of the Old Man from Scene 24 on the Bridge of Death; #8 grossing film of 1975 ($5M box office on a $500K budget). Robert Altman's Nashville (June 11) (Paramount), about a political convention amid a world of country music stars David Arkin as Norman, Keith Carradine as Tom Frank, Karen Black as Connie White, Ronee Blakley (film debut) as Barbara Jean, Shelley Duvall as L.A. Joan (Martha), Lily Tomlin as Linnea Reese, and Ned Beatty as Delbert Reese; does $10M box office on a $2.2M budget; features Keith Carradine's hit song I'm Easy. Arthur Penn's Night Moves (June 11) stars Gene Hackman as pvt. eye Harry Moseby, who looks for Paula (Jennifer Warren); "Maybe he would find the girl... maybe he would find himself." Milos Forman's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (Nov. 19) (United Artists), produced by Michael Kirk Douglas (1944-) based on the 1962 Ken Kesey novel and filmed at Oregon State Hospital in Salem stars Jack Nicholson as two-bit crook Randle Patrick McMurphy, who fakes insanity to get sentenced to a cushy nuthouse, and meets up with mean head nurse (Big Nurse) Mildred Ratched (Louise Fletcher), who gets in a war of wills and finally turns him into a drugged, shocked-out, lobotomized mush-head, after which Big Chief Bromden (Will Simpson) smothers him with a pillow to put him out of his misery, and escapes to Canada; Danny DeVito's breakthrough role as Martini; film debuts of Simpson, Brad Dourif as suicidal Billy Bibbit, and Christopher Lloyd as Jim Taber; wins five Academy Awards (most since "It Happened One Night" in 1934); Kirk Douglas is hurt when his son Michael, the producer, passes him over for Nicholson as too old, since he originated the role onstage; #3 grossing film of 1975 ($46.6M U.S. and $108.98M worldwide on a $3M budget). Pier Paolo Pasolini's The 120 Days of Sodom (Salň o le 120 Giornate di Sodoma (Nov. 22), about four fascist lechers who torture nine teenie boys and girls for 120 days gets banned in Italy and several other countries, making it more popular?; Pasolini is mysteriously murdered shortly after completing the film. Melvin Frank's The Prisoner of Second Avenue (Mar. 15), based on the Neil Simon play stars Jack Lemmon as unemployed exec Mel Edison, and Anne Bancroft as his wife Edna, who struggles with him valiantly on the way down. Frank Perry's Rancho Deluxe (Mar. 14) stars Jeff Bridges and Sam Waterston as cattle thieves Jack McKee and Cecil Colson, who are always one step ahead of cattle owner John Brown (Clifton James); Elizabeth Ashley plays love interest Cora. Blake Edwards' The Return of the Pink Panther (May 21) stars Peter Sellers as Inspector Jacques Clouseau, Catherine Schell as Lady Claudine Litton, Christopher Plummer as Sir Charles Litton, and Herbert Lom as Chief Inspector Charles Dreyfus; #6 grossing film of 1975 ($41.8M). Jim Sharman's The Rocky Horror Picture Show (Aug. 14) (Michael White Productions) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1973 musical by Richard O'Brien and filmed at Oakley Court, owned by Hammer Film Productions stars Tim Curry as punk rock transvestite scientist Dr. Frank N. Furter, while Susan Sarandon and Barry Bostwick play it straight as couple Janet Weiss and Brad Majors; O'Brien plays butler Riff Raff; Patricia Quinn plays maid Magenta; Meat Loff plays ex-delivery boy Eddie; Peter Hinwood plays Rocky Horror; does $140.2M box office on a $1.4M budget; turns the young set onto musicals and generates a midnight cult following at the Waverly Theater in NYC in 1976 that loyally shows up weekly for years dressed in TV clothing carrying rice and squirt guns, ready to sing along with songs incl. Time Warp, Sweet Transvestite, I Can Make You A Man, and Touch-a Touch-a Touch Me; a "Lips" poster is created parodying the Jaws poster, with the legend: "A different set of jaws." Norman Jewison's Rollerball (June 25) stars James Caan as Jonathan E, the star of a commercialized street brawl in a rink, controlled by evil corp. exec John Houseman and the fluidic Zero computer; "Genius is energy"; "We lost the 13th century... just Dante and a few corrupt popes". Joseph Losey's The Romantic Englishwoman (Nov. 26) stars Michael Caine as blocked writer Lewis Fielding, and Glenda Jackson as his wife Elizabeth, whose German lover returns with her and he invites to tea, confusing him with the Tom Jones author Henry Fielding (1707-54), causing him to work him into his next plot. Stuart Millar's Rooster Cogburn (Universal Pictures) (Oct. 17) stars John Wayne as an aging 1-eyed U.S. marshal Reuben J. Cogburn in Fort Smith, Indian Territory (Okla.), who has been stripped of his badge by Judge Parker (John McIntire) because he's "gone to seed", and is given one last chance to track some outlaws incl. Hawk (Richard Jordan) and Breed (Anthony Zerbe) while hooking up with spinster Miss Eula Goodnight (Katharine Hepburn); does $17.6M box office on a $10M budget. Lina Wertmuller's Seven Beauties (Pasqualino Settebellezze) (Jan. 21), about a crook and his seven ugly sisters in Naples is the first woman-directed film nominated for a test dir. Oscar; she loses. Hal Ashby's Shampoo (Feb. 11) (Columbia Pictures), written by Robert Towne based on hairdresser Jay Sebring (who was murdered by the Manson Family in 1969), set on the eve of the 1968 pres. election stars Warren Beatty as Beverly Hills hairdresser George Roundy, who jumps in every girl's pants in Southern Calif. incl. Jackie Shawn (Julie Christie), Jill (Goldie Hawn), and Felicia Karpf (Lee Grant); the film debut of Debbie Reynolds' daughter Carrie Frances Fisher (1956-2016), making her famous a year before Star Wars; "Now that's what I call fucking" (Jack Warden); "Most of all, I'd like to suck his cock" (Julie Christie); #4 grossing film of 1975 ($49.4M on a $9M budget). Michael Ritchie's Smile stars Bruce Dern as Big Bob Freelander, Barbara Feldon as Brenda DiCarlo, and Michael Kidd as Tommy French in a yarn about the Calif. Young Am. Miss Beauty Pageant. Satsuo Yamamoto's Solar Eclipse (Kinkanshoku) is a political scandal story. Fred Donaldson's Sometime Sweet Susan is a porno featuring Harry Reems and Shawn Harris; it is seen in the 1976 Robert De Niro flick "Taxi Driver". Bryan Forbes' The Stepford Wives (Feb. 12), based on the 1972 Ira Levin novel about women being replaced by robots to make ideal wives stars Katharine Ross, Paula Prentiss, and Peter Masterson. Herb Ross' The Sunshine Boys (Nov. 16), written by Neil Simon launches ageless 79-y.-o. comedian George Burns' solo movie career when his closest friend Jack Benny becomes ill and he takes his place, playing vaudevillian Al Lewis opposite Walter Matthau, who plays his estranged partner Willie Clark. Sydney Pollack's Three Days of the Condor (Sept. 24), based on the 1974 novel "Six Days of the Condor" by James Grady stars Robert Redford as CIA analyst Joseph Turner, who gets mixed up in a CIA plot and goes on the run as the Condor, fleeing G. Joubert (Max von Sydow) while hooking up with Kathy Hale (Faye Dunaway) and dealing with shadowy J. Higgins (Cliff Robertson); #7 grossing film of 1975 ($41.5M). Ken Russell's Tommy (Mar. 19) (Columbia Pictures), based on the 1969 rock opera album stars the British rock band The Who and a parade of mainly rock stars, incl. Ann-Margret as Nora Walker, Athur Brown as the Priest, Elton John as the Pinball Wizard, Eric Clapton as the Preacher, Keith Moon as Uncle Ernie, and Tina Turner as the Acid Queen; Jack Nicholson plays the Specialist, Robert Powell plays Group Capt. Walker, and Oliver Reed plays Uncle Frank Hobbs; does $34.3M box office on a $5M budget. Kevin Brownlow's and Andrew Mollo's B&W Winstanley, based on the 1961 David Caute novel "Comrade Jacob", about Cromwell-era Diggers leader Gerrard Winstanley (Miles Halliwell); activist Sid Rawle plays a Ranter; real armor from the 1640s is borrowed from the Tower of London; music by Sergei Prokofiev. Plays: Edward Albee (1928-2016), Seascape (Sam S. Shubert Theatre, New York) (Jan. 26) (2nd Pulitzer Prize); Am. marrieds Nancy and Charlie (Deborah Kerr and Barry Nelson) meet humanoid lizards Leslie and Sarah (Frank Langella and Maureen Anderman) on the beach, and convince them not to return to the sea. Jean Anouilh (1910-87), L'Arrestation. Alan Ayckbourn (1939-), Absent Friends (Garrick Theatre, London) (July 23); stars Richard Brier and Peter Bowles. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), That Time. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Der Prasident (The President) (Burgtheater, Vienna) (May 17); his first political play; the pres. of a country escapes an attack by anarchists, which incl. his son, then goes to Portugal to rest, where they get him. Michael Bennett (1943-87) (dir./choreography), Marvin Hamlisch (1944-) (music), James Kirkwood Jr. (1924-89) and Nicholas Dante (Conrado Morales) (1941-91) (book), and Edward Kleban (1939-87) (lyrics), A Chorus Line (musical) (Apr. 15) (Public Theatre, New York) (101 perf.) (July 25) (Shubert Theatre, New York) (6,137 perf.) (Pulitzer Prize); 17 dancers audition for eight spots on a bare Broadway stage; longest running Broadway show until "Cats" in 1997 and "The Phantom of the Opera" in 2006; features What I Did for Love, One (finale). Ed Bullins (1935-), The Taking of Miss Janie (Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater, New York) (May 4) (42 perf.); stars Hilary Jean Beane as a black revolutionary, and Diane Oama Dixon as his white liberal Patty Hearst, whom he rapes, pissing-off feminists, which only makes it more popular? Michael Cook (1933-94), Quiller. Martin Bauml Duberman (1930-), Male Armor: Selected Plays, 1968-1974. Fred Ebb (1933-2004), Bob Fosse (1927-87), and John Kander (1927-), Chicago: A Musical Vaudeville (musical) (June 3) (46th Street Theate, New York) (936 perf.); based on the 1926 play by reporter Maurine Dallas Watkins (1896-1969) (who became a born-again Christian and wouldn't allow it to be produced until his death) about Beula Annan ("Roxie Hart"), who was accused of the 1924 murder of Harry Kalstedt, and Belva Gaertner ("Velma Kelly"), who was accused of the 1924 murder of Walter Law, and are both gotten off by attys. William Scott Stewart and W.W. O'Brien (combined as "Billy Flynn"); stars Chita Rivera as Velma Kelly, Gwen Verdon as Roxie Hart, Barney Martin as Amos Hart, and Jerry Orbach as Billy Flynn; (Apr. 1979) (Cambridge Theatre, West End, London) (600 perf.); (Nov. 14, 1996) (Richard Rodgers Theater, New York); stars Bebe Neuwirth as Velma Kelly, Ann Reinking as Roxie Hart, Joel Grey as Amos Hart, and James Naughton as Billy Flynn; on Nov. 23, 2014 it stages its 7,486 perf., passing "Cats"; filmed in 2002 starring Catherine Zeta-Jones as Velma Kelly, Renee Zellweger as Roxie Hart, John C. Reilly as Amos Hart, Richard Gere as Billy Flynn, and Queen Latifah as Mama Morton. John Kander (1927-), Fred Ebb (1933-2004), and Bob Fosse (1927-87), Chicago: A Musical Vaudeville (46th Street Theatre, New York) (June 3) (936 perf.); based on the 1926 play by reporter Maurine Dallas Watkins (1896-1969) (who became a born-again Christian and wouldn't allow it to be produced until his death) about Beula Annan ("Roxie Hart"), who was accused of the 1924 murder of Harry Kalstedt, and Belva Gaertner ("Velma Kelly"), who was accused of the 1924 murder of Walter Law, and are both gotten off by attys. William Scott Stewart and W.W. O'Brien (combined as "Billy Flynn"); stars Chita Rivera as Velma Kelly, Gwen Verdon as Roxie Hart, Barney Martin as Amos Hart, and Jerry Orbach as Billy Flynn; followed in Apr. 1979 by the Cambridge Theatre in West End, London (600 perf.), and on Nov. 14, 1996 at the (Richard Rodgers Theater in New York; stars Bebe Neuwirth as Velma Kelly, Ann Reinking as Roxie Hart, Joel Grey as Amos Hart, and James Naughton as Billy Flynn; on Nov. 23, 2014 it stages its 7,486 perf., passing "Cats"; filmed in 2002 starring Catherine Zeta-Jones as Velma Kelly, Renee Zellweger as Roxie Hart, John C. Reilly as Amos Hart, Richard Gere as Billy Flynn, and Queen Latifah as Mama Morton. Allan W. Eckert (1931-), Tecumseh!; Shawnee chief Tecsumeh (1768-1813). Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Cap-a-Pie; music by Jose Raul Bernardo. David French (1939-), One Crack Out (Taragon Theater, Toronto). Athol Fugard (1932-), John Kani (1943-), and Winston Ntshona (1941-), The Island; South African prisoners John and Winston. Gary Geld (1935-), Peter Udell, Philip Rose (1921-2011), and James Lee Barrett (1929-89), Shenandoah (musical) (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Jan. 7) (1,050 perf.); based on the 1965 film, starring John Collum as Charlie Anderson, Joel Higgins as James, Robert Rosen as Henry, and Penelope Milford as Jenny. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Otherwise Engaged (Queen's Theatre, London) (July 30); stars Alan Bates, Jacqueline Pearce, Julian Glover. Trevor Griffiths (1935-), Comedians (Nottingham Playhouse) (Feb. 20); six comics in a talent contest. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), Bread and Roses. Christopher Hampton (1946-), Treats; a love triangle in London. David Hare (1947-), Fanshen. David Hare (1947-) and Tony Bicat, Teeth 'n' Smiles (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Sept. 2); stars Helen Mirren. Vaclav Havel (1936-2011), Audience (1-act play). Eugene Ionesco (1909-94), Man With Bags (L'Homme aux Valises); a man returns to his childhood land. Milan Kundera (1929-), Jacques and His Master (debut); Denis Diderot and his novel "Jacques the Fatalist"; dir. by Susan Sontag. Archibald MacLeish (1892-1982), The Great American Fourth of July Parade (last play); a philosophical battle between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. David Mamet (1947-), American Buffalo (Goodman Theatre Stage II, Chicago) (Nov. 23) (Theater at St. Clement's Church, New York) (Jan. 26, 1976) (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, Feb. 8, 1877) (122 perf.); three nasty thugs botch a buffalo nickel heist; dir. by Ulu Grosband; stars Robert Duvall as Teach, Kenneth McMilan as Donny, and John Savage as Bobby. Felicien Marceau (1913-), Les Secrets de la Comedie Humaine. Terrence McNally (1939-), The Ritz (Longacre Theatre, New York) (Jan. 20) (406 perf.); a man fleeing his murderous brother-in-law hides out in a gay steambath; stars Rita Moreno and Jerry Stoller. Alwin Nikolais (1910-93), Cross-Fade. Robert Patrick (1937-), Kennedy's Children (Sardi's, New York) (Nov. 3); a group of JFK lovers pick up the pieces in a New York City bar; stars Don Parker, Michael Sacks, and Shirley Knight, who wins a best actress Tony for it in 1976. Harold Pinter (1930-2008), No Man's Land (Old Vic Theatre, London) (Apr. 23); stars Sir John Gielgud (1904-2000), Sir Ralph Richardson, Michael Feast, and Terence Rigby. Tadeusz Rozewicz 91921-), Mariage Blanc (Biale Melzenstwo) (White Wedding) (Tatr Maly, Warsaw) (Jan. 24). Anthony Shaffer (1926-2001), Murderer. Wallace Shawn (1943-), Our Late Night. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91) and Leah Napolin, Yentl (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Oct. 23) (223 perf.); based on his short story "Yentl the Yeshiva Boy"; stars Hy Anzell and Tovah Feldshuh; filmed in 1983. Bernard Slade (1939-), Same Time, Next Year (Brooks Atkinson Theater, New York) (Mar. 13) (1,453 perf.); stars Ellen Burstyn and Charles Grodin as a couple who are married to others but meet once a year for sex and talk; by the creator of Michael Weller (1942-), Fishing (Public Theatre); sequel to "Moonchildren". Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), Truckload (musical). Lanford Wilson (1937-), The Mound Builders; archeologists excavating an Indian burial site vs. a realtor who wants to develop the area. Charles Wood (1932-), Jingo: A Farce of War (Aldwych Theatre, London); the British surrender of Singapore to the Japanese in WWII. Paul Zindel (1936-2003), Every Seventeen Minutes the Crowd Goes Crazy (1-act play); the parents of eight disturbed kids abandon them. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), Diversifications. John Ashbery (1927-2017), Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror (Pulitzer Prize); title after a painting by Parmigianino; makes him a rock star; "But as the principle of each individual thing is/ Hostile to, exists at the expense of all the others/ As philosophers have often pointed out, at least/ This thing, the mute, undivided present,/ Has the justification of logic, which/ In this instance isn't a bad thing/ Or wouldn't be, if the way of telling/ Didn't somehow intrude, twisting the end result/ Into a caricature of itself. This always/ Happens, as in the game where/ A whispered phrase passed around the room/ Ends up as something completely different./ It is the principle that makes works of art so unlike/ What the artist intended. Often he finds / He has omitted the thing he started out to say / In the first place." Margaret Atwood (1939-), You Are Happy (May 31); Homer's Odyssey from Circe's perspective. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Hard Facts. Earle Birney (1904-95), Collected Poems. Robert Bly (1926-2021), The Morning Glory; "prose poems". Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), La Rosa Profunda. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Sonnets from the Interior Life, and Other Autobiographical Verse. William Bronk (1918-99), The Stance; Silence and Metaphor. Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000), Beckonings. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), Yellow for Peril, Black for Beautiful; incl. "Men of the Great Man", about Cecil Rhodes. Fred Chappell (1936-), River (debut). Robert Creeley (1926-2005), The Door: Selected Poems. Edwin Denby (1903-83), Collected Poems. Edward Dorn (1929-99), Collected Poems, 1956-1974. Edward Dorn (1929-99) and Jennifer Dunbar, Manchester Square. Sheila Fugard (1932-), Threshold (debut). Nikki Giovanni (1943-), The Women and the Men. Robert Ranke Graves (1895-1985), Collected Poems 1975. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), The Town of Hill; A Blue Wing Tilts at the Edge of the Sea: Selected Poems, 1964-1974. Peter Handke (1942-), The Words' Edge: Stories, Poems, Plays. Joy Harjo (1951-), The Last Song (debut); feminist Creek poet seeks "another way of seeing language and another way of using it that wasn't white European male". Robert Hayden (1913-80), Angle of Ascent. Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), Stations; Bog Poems; North. Dorothy Hewett (1923-2002), Rapunzel in Suburbia; causes ex-hubby Lloyd Davies to successfully sue her for libel. John Hollander (1929-), Tales Told of the Fathers; incl. "The Head of the Bed", dissing modern poetry. Ted Hughes (1930-98), Cave Birds. David Ignatow (1914-97), Facing the Tree; Selected Poems. Clive James (1939-), The Fate of Felicity Fark in the Land of the Media. Robinson Jeffers (1887-1962), Granite and Cypress (posth.). Elizabeth Jennings (1926-2001), Growing Points. Kenneth Koch (1925-2002), The Art of Love: Poems. Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), House, Bridge, Fountain, Gate. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Darkening Fire: Selected Poems, 1945-1968; The Unwavering Eye: Selected Poems, 1969-1975. Denise Levertov (1923-97), The Freeing of the Dust; anti-Vietnam War poems; "The great body/ not torn apart, though raked and raked/ by our claws". William Matthews (1942-97), Sticks and Stones. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Beyond the Boardwalk; Celebrations of the Heart; The Sea Around Me... William Meredith Jr. (1919-2007), Hazard the Painter. Richard Ward Morris (1939-2003), Poetry is a Kind of Writing. Howard Moss (1922-87), Buried City: Poems; incl. "Tattoo", "Chekhov". George Oppen (1908-84), The Collected Poems. Linda Pastan (1932-), Aspects of Eve. Robert Pinsky (1940-), Sadness and Happiness (debut). Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), Poems: Selected and New. Sonia Sanchez (1934-), Uh Huh, But How Do It Free Us?. Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), C'est Beau. Anne Sexton (1928-74), The Awful Rowing Toward God (posth.). George Starbuck (1931-96), Elegy in a Country Church Yard. Diane Wakoski (1937-), Virtuoso Literature for Two and Four Hands; "My keyboard now is the typewriter." John B. Wain (1925-94), Feng. Sherley Anne Williams (1944-99), The Peacock Poems (debut). Charles Wright (1935-), Bloodlines. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), "A" 22 and 23. Novels: Edward Paul Abbey (1927-89), The Monkey Wrench Gang; bestseller (500K copies) about an underground group of ecoterrorists in the Am. West, inspiring the Apr. 4, 1980 formation of the Earth First! org.; followed by "Fool's Progress" (1981). Walter Abish (1931-), Minds Meet (Jan. 31). Alice Adams (1926-99), Families and Survivors. Richard Adams (1920-2016), Shardik; a giant bear is the god of the primitive Ortelgan people, and hunter Kelderek becomes his greatest disciple. Catherine Aird (1930-), Slight Mourning; Detective Inspector Sloan #6. Lisa Alther (1944-), Kinflicks (first novel); Virginia Hull "Ginny" Babcock struggles for self-realization in Tenn.; the female Holden Caulfield? Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), Jake's Thing (Sept. 18); 60-y.-o. Jake pursues his lost libido. Martin Amis (1949-), Dead Babies. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), Sweet William; working-class playwright William and Ann. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), High Rise. Russell Banks (1940-), Searching for Survivors (short stories); Family Life (first novel). Donald Barthelme (1931-89), The Dead Father; 19 children haul their father's corpse on a fantastic journey. Saul Bellow (1915-2005), Humboldt's Gift (Pulitzer Prize); his relationship with alcoholic poet Delmore Schwartz (1913-66), who becomes Von Humboldt Fleischer, while he becomes struggling writer Charlie Citrine, who is saved by selling out with a successful comedy about cannibalism with a char. named Von Trenck modelled after Humboldt written before his death. Thomas Berger (1924-), Sneaky People; a man plots to murder his wife. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Korrektur (Correction); Roithamer thinks himself to death. Alfred Bester (1913-87), Extro (The Computer Connection) (The Indian Giver); Ned Curzon (AKA Guigol) becomes immortal via the destruction of Krakatoa, along with Nemo, Herb Wells, the Syndicate, Hillel the Jew, Borgia, Jacy, Sam Pepys, Dr. Sequoya Guess, and the supercomputer Extro. Wilfred Bion (1897-1979), A Memoir of the Future (3 vols.) (1975-9); presents his unique brand of psychology. Judy Blume (1938-), Forever...; an adolescent novel that updates sexuality, "a book that didn't equate sex with punishment", getting it censored by schools; "Sybil Davison has a genius I.Q. and has been laid by at least six different guys." Kay Boyle (1902-92), The Underground Woman; a female classics prof. is jailed for demonstrating against the draft. John Braine (1922-86), The Pious Agent. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), Willard and His Bowling Trophies: A Perverse Mystery; a 4-ft. papier mache bird. John Brunner (1934-95), The Shockwave Rider; coins the computer network term "worm". Charles Bukowski (1920-94), Factotum; aspiring writer Henry Chinaski travels aimlessly through the WWII-era U.S.; first of a trilogy ("Post Office", "Women"). Michel Butor (1926-), Matiere de Reves. Ernest Callenbach (1929-), Ecotopia; selective use of hi tech to keep resources self-sustaining. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Curtain: Poirot's Last Case (Sept.); Hercule Poirot #18; he finally dies, causing the New York Times to pub. his obituary on Aug. 5, describing him as of unknown age and 5 feet 4 inches tall, with the soundbyte: "At the end of his life, he was arthritic and had a bad heart. He was in a wheelchair often, and was carried from his bedroom to the public lounge at Styles Court, a nursing home in Essex, wearing a wig and false mustaches to mask the signs of age that offended his vanity. In his active days, he was always impeccably dressed." Sleeping Murder: Miss Marple's Last Case (Oct.). Mary Higgins Clark (1927-), Where Are the Children?; after 20 years of trying, and receiving a $3K advance, she is an instant hit, beginning a series of 20+ bestselling suspense novels, selling 80M+ copies by 2007 in the U.S. alone, with royalties of $150M+. Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), Imperial Earth; Duncan Makenzie travels to Earth from his home on Titan to see the U.S. on its 500th birthday in 2276 and also in order to clone himself. James Clavell (1924-94), Shogun; John Blackthorne of the Dutch ship Erasmus shipwrecks in the Japans and ends up working as a samurai for Lord Toranaga; based on William Adams (1564-1620) and Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616). Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), Journeys to the Other Side (Voyages de l'autre Côté). Jackie Collins (1937-2015), The World is Full of Divorced Women. Laurie Colwin (1944-92), Shine On, Bright and Dangerous Object. Richard Condon (1915-96), Money is Love. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Invisible Cord; The Gambling Man. Susan Cooper (1935-), The Grey King; Dark Is Rising #4. Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Fantomas Contra los Vampiros Multinacionales. Michael Crichton (1942-2008), The Great Train Robbery. A.J. Cronin (1896-1981), Desmonde. John Crowley (1942-), The Deep (first novel). Clive Cussler (1931-), Iceberg; Dirk Pitt #2. Robertson Davies (1913-95), World of Wonders; 3rd in the Deptford Trilogy. Len Deighton (1929-), Yesterday's Spy. Samuel R. Delany (1942-), Dhalgren; the U.S. Midwest city of Bellona is cut off from the rest of the world by an unknown catastrophe; "To wound the autumnal city./ So howled out for the world to give him a name./ The in-dark answered with wind"; "A riddle that was never meant to be solved" (William Gibson). Colin Dexter (1930-), Last Bus to Woodstock; Detective Chief Inspector Morse #1. Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), Clara Reeve; pub. under alias Leonie Hargrave. E.L. Doctorow (1931-), Ragtime; America during the 1906 Evelyn Nesbit-Harry K. Thaw scandal; mixes fictional chars. with real-life figures Harry Houdini, Emma Goldman, J. Pierpont Morgan, and Henry Ford. Margaret Drabble (1939-), The Realms of Gold. Allen Drury (1918-98), The Promise of Joy. Andre Dubus (1936-99), Separate Flights (short stories) (first book); explores infidelity. William Eastlake (1917-97), Dancers in the Scalp House. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), The Cape. Harlan Ellison (1934-), The Starlost #1: Phoenix Without Ashes; Deathbird Stories (short stories); No Doors, No Windows (short stories). Frederick Exley (1928-92), Pages from a Cold Island. Howard Fast (1914-2003), Time & the Riddle (short stories). Frederick Forsyth (1938-), The Shepherd; an RAF flies home for Xmas in the late 1950s, gets into trouble, is rescued, then tries to find an explanation for his rescue. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), What are the Bugles Blowing For?; Henri Castang #2. Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), Terra Nostra. William Gaddis (1922-98), JR; an 11-y.-o. boy gets rich on the stock market. Romain Gary (1914-80), La Vie Devant Soi; pub. under alias Emile Ajar. Nadine Gordimer (1923-), Burger's Daughter. Joe Gores (1931-), Hammett. William Goyen (1915-83), Collected Stories; "I've not been interested in simply reproducing a big section of life off the streets or from the Stock Exchange or Congress. I've cared most about the world in one person's head." James Grady (1949-), Shadow of the Condor (Aug.). Arthur Hailey (1920-2004), The Moneychangers. Peter Handke (1942-), A Moment of True Feeling; Falsche Bewegung (Wrong Move). Thomas Harris (1940-), Black Sunday (first novel). Mark Helprin (1947-), A Dove of the East and Other Stories. Xavier Herbert (1901-84), In 1975 he pub. Poor Fellow My Country; longest pub. work of Australian fiction ()1,463 pages) ("Poor Fellow My Reader" - Barry Humphries); about Jeremy Delacy and his illegitimate grandson Prindy in the years leading to WWII. George V. Higgins (1939-99), A City on a Hill. Jack Higgins (1929-), The Eagle Has Landed; internat. bestseller about a Nazi plot to kidnap Sir Winston Churchill; filmed in 1976 starring Michael Caine; Irish commando Liam Devlin #1. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), The Animal Lover's Book of Beastly Murder (short stories). S.E. Hinton (1950-), Rumble Fish; named after the Siamese fighting fish; filmed in 1983. Laura Z. Hobson (1900-86), Consenting Adult; a mother deals with her son's homosexuality; based on her son Christopher. Russell Hoban (1925-), Turtle Diary. Elizabeth Jane Howard (1923-), Mr. Wrong (short stories). P.D. James (1920-), The Black Tower; Adam Dalgliesh #5. Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (1927-), Heat and Dust; Olivia meets goes to India in the 1920s and leaves her hubby for an Indian prince. B.S. Johnson (1933-73), See the Old Lady Decently (posth.). Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), The Good Listener. Gayl Jones (1949-), Corregidora (first novel); blues singer Ursa Corregidora experiences domestic abuse, regressing her to her Brazilian slave ancestors. Ward Just (1935-), Nicholson At Large. Thomas Keneally (1935-), Gossip from the Forest; the WWI armistice negotiations. William Joseph Kennedy (1928-), Legs; Legs Diamond; first of the Albany Circle novels ("Billy Phelan's Greatest Game", 1978, "Ironweed", 1983). Joseph Kessel (1898-1979), Les Temps Sauvages. Elias Khoury (1948-), 'An 'Ilaqat al-Da'irah (first novel). Stephen King (1947-), Salem's Lot; vampires take over a small U.S. town; originally pub. in a limited ed. of 900 copies. James Kirkwood Jr. (1924-89), Some Kind of Hero (July). Kenneth Koch (1925-2002), The Red Robins; a group of freedom-fighter pilots fly for Santa Claus. Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), Cockpit; a former govt. agent creates his own identities. Emma Lathen, By Hook or By Crook; John Putnam Thatcher #16. Primo Levi (1919-87), The Periodic Table (Il Sistema Periodico); uses the chemical elements as metaphors for a series of stories about the Piedmontese Jewish community in Italy; the Royal Inst. of Great Britain calls it the best science book ever written. Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), Green, Green My Valley Now; sequel to "How Green Was My Valley" (1939). Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), Conversation in the Cathedral. John D. MacDonald (1916-86), The Dreadful Lemon Sky; Travis McGee. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Circus; Bruno helps the CIA. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Respected Sir. David Malouf (1934-), Johnno (first novel). Barry N. Malzberg (1939-), Galaxies. Felicien Marceau (1913-), Le Corps de Mon Ennemi. Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1927-2014), The Autumn of the Patriarch. Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), Marx the First. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Trumpets Sound No More. Peter Matthiessen (1927-), Far Tortuga; a turtle-hunting voyage in the Caribbean using a stripped-down "musical score" style; "a virtuoso novel" (William Kennedy). Ian McEwan (1948-), First Love, Last Rites (short stories). Larry McMurtry (1936-), Terms of Endearment; overbearing widowed mother Aurora, and her daughter Emma with terminal cancer; filmed in 1983. Leonard Michaels (1933-2003), I Would Have Saved Them If I Could (short stories). Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Distractions. Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), Solution Three. Nicholasa Mohr (1935-), El Bronx Remembered. Brian Moore (1921-99), The Doctor's Wife (Dec. 31); Sheila Redden. David Morrell (1943-), Testament; reporter Reuben Bourne is chased by a white supremacist group. Iris Murdoch (1919-99), A World Child; Hilary Burde. Milton Murayama (1923-), All I Asking for is My Body (first novel); Japanese-Am. workers on Hawaiian sugar plantations in WWII. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Tyrants Destroyed and Other Stories. V.S. Naipaul (1932-2018), Guerrillas; South African resistance fighter Peter Roche and his mistress Jane. Robert Nathan (1894-1985), Heaven and Hell and the Megas Factor. David Nobbs (1935-), The Death of Reginald Perrin; Reginald Perrin #1; Reginald gives up selling exotic ices at Sunshine Deserts and launches a crusade against consumerism. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), The Assassins: A Book of Hours. Tim O'Brien (1946-), Northern Lights; one Minn. brother is pro-Vietnam War, the other anti. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Dragon at Noonday; Brothers of Gwynedd #2. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Mortal Stakes; Spenser #3. Georges Perec (1936-82), W, or the Memory of Childhood (W ou le Souvenir d'Enfance); semi-autobio.; An Attempt at Exhausting a Place in Paris (Tentative d'Epuisement d'un Lieu Parisien). Robert Pinget (1919-97), Cette Voix (That Voice). Anthony Powell (1905-2000), Hearing Secret Harmonies; vol. 12 of 12 in "A Dance to the Music of Time" (begun 1951). J.F. Powers (1917-99), Look How the Fish Live (short stories). John Cowper Powys (1872-1963), You and Me (posth.). Reynolds Price (1933-), The Surface of the Earth; pt. 1 of the Mayfield (Great Circle) Trilogy about the Mayfield and Kendal families in rural N.C. (1975-95). James Purdy (1914-2009), In a Shallow Grave; a disfigured war vet searches for his childhood sweetheart. Jean Raspail (1925-), Redskin Journal (Journal Peau Rouge); White Cloud and the Redskins of Today (with Aliette Raspail). Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008), La Belle Captive (The Beautiful Prisoner); based on 77 surrealist paintings by Rene Magritte; filmed in 1983. Judith Rossner (1935-2005), Looking for Mr. Goodbar; inspired by the murder of Roseann Quinn (1944-73), who was killed by a man she took home from a singles bar; the dark side of the 1970s sexual lib movement; filmed in 1978. Salman Rushdie (1947-), Grimus (first novel). Joanna Russ (1937-2011), The Female Man; four women in parallel worlds; becomes underground feminist sci-fi classic. Nawal El Saadawi (1931-), Two Women in One; female medical student Bahiah Shaheen. James Salter (1925-), Light Years; the beautiful marriage of Viri and Nedra cracks. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Tomorrow File; bestseller about a world with planned sex and casual terror. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), The Year 1993 (O Ano de 1993). Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), A Stranger in the Mirror. Anita Shreve (1946-), Past the Island, Drifting (first novel). Robert Silverberg (1935-), Stochastic Man. Claude Simon (1913-2005), Lecon de Choses (Lesson in Things). Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), Passions and Other Stories. Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008), The Gulag Archipelago Two; Lenin in Zurich. Scott Spencer (1945-), Last Night at the Brain Thieves Ball (first novel); Paul Galambos is abducted by NESTER (New England Sensory Testing and Engineering Research). Norman Spinrad (1940-), Passing Through the Flame; No Direction Home (short stories). Irving Stone (1903-89), The Greek Treasure; Troy discoverer Heinrich Schliemann (1822-90). David Storey (1933-), Saville; 1940s coal miner's son wins a grammar school scholarship. T.S. Stribling (1881-1965), The Best of Dr. Poggioli, 1934-40 (posth.). Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004), 98.6; some 60s types retreat from "the Dynasty of a Million Lies" and create a commune out West; filmed in 1983 as "Deadly Drifter". Han Suyin (1917-), L'Abbe Prevost; the dude (1697-1763) who wrote "Manon Lescaut". William Trevor (1928-), Angels at the Ritz and Other Stories. Anne Tyler (1941-), Searching for Caleb; a positive review by John Updike makes her a star. John Updike (1932-2009), A Month of Sundays; a minister's sexual liaisons during a month at a rest home. Per Wahloo (1926-75) and Maj Sjowall (1935-), The Terrorist; #10 and last in the Martin Beck series (begun 1965). Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), The Choirboys; "As if 'Catch-22' had been written by Popeye Doyle" (NYT). Peter Ulrich Weiss (1916-82), The Aesthetics of Resistance (3 vols.) (1975-81). Fay Weldon (1931-), Female Friends. John A. Williams (1925-94), Mothersill and the Foxes. Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Moise and the World of Reason; autobio. novel about failed gay writer. Thomas Williams (1927-90), The Hair of Harold Roux; set in Leah, N.H. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007) and Robert Joseph Shea (1933-94), The Illuminatus! Trilogy; satire of conspiracy theorists; Operation Mindfuck and Celine's Laws; popularizes Discordianism, an attempt to make everybody in the world a pope, who each must excommunicate all the other popes, and issue catmas instead of dogmas, and the word "fnord". Larry Alfred Woiwode (1941-), Beyond the Bedroom Wall: A Family Album; his boyhood in N.D. Richard Yates (1926-92), Disturbing the Peace; salesman John C. Wilder and his descent into insanity. Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), Tobias and the Angel. Al Young (1939-), Who is Angelina?; Angelina attempts suicide then wrestles with her identity. Births: Dutch rock musician Robert Westerholt (Within Temptation) on Jan. 1 in Waddinxveen, South Holland. Am. rock singer Douglas Seann "Doug" Robb (Hoobastank) on Jan. 2 in Agoura Hills, Calif.; Scottish father, Japanese mother. Am. "Punk'd", "Crosby Braverman in Parenthood" actor Dax Shepard on Jan. 2 in Milford, Mich.; husband (2013-) of Kristen Bell (1980-). Am. "Winnie Cooper in The Wonder Years", "Kiss My Math" actress-mathematician Danica Mae McKellar on Jan. 3 in La Jolla, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. "Chris Kyle in American Sniper", "Faceman in The A-Team" actor-producer (Roman Catholic) Bradley Charles Cooper on Jan. 5 in Philadelphia, Penn.; Irish descent father, Italian descent mother; educated at Villanova U., and Georgetown U.; husband (2006-7) of Jennifer Esposito. Am. rapper-DJ DJ Clue? (Ernesto Shaw) on Jan. 8 in Queens, N.Y. Am. 6'2" football QB (New Orleans Saints #9, 1997-2002) (Carolina Panthers #12, 2003-9) Jake Christopher Delhomme on Jan. 10 in Breaux Bridge, La.; educated at the U. of La. Italian PM #56 (2014-6) (Roman Catholic) Matteo Renzi on Jan. 11 in Florence; educated at the U. of Florence. Canadian 5'11" hockey player Joseph Regis Jocelyn Thibault on Jan. 12 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. atty.-entrepreneur Andrew Yang on Jan. 13 in Schenectady, N.Y.; Taiwanese immigrant parents. educated at Phillips Exeter Acadmy, Brown U., and Columbia U. Hong Kong "Do You Want My Love" singer-dancer Ferren "Coco" Lee (d. 2023) on Jan. 17 in Hong Kong. Am. "Rico Diaz in Six Feet Under" actor Freddy Rodriguez on Jan. 17 in Chicago, Ill.; parents are Puerto Rican. Am. "Tommy Walker in Brothers & Sisters", "Thomas Grace in Alias" actor Paul Balthazar Getty on Jan. 22 in Tarzana, Los Angeles, Calif.; son of John Paul Getty III (1956-). Am. rock bassist Nicholas "Nick" Harmer (Death Cab for Cutie) on Jan. 23 in Landstuhl, Germany. Canadian "Mandy in 24" actress, "Jenny Schecter in The L Word" (Jewish) Mia Kirshner on Jan. 25 in Toronto, Ont. English singer-actor Lee Latchford-Evans (Steps) on Jan. 28 in Chester, Cheshire. Am. "Dr. Michael Gallant in ER" actor (black) Sharif Atkins on Jan. 29 in Pittsburgh, Penn. Am. "Darlene Conner-Healy in Roseanne" actress (lesbian) (vegetarian) Sara Gilbert (Sara Rebecca Abeles) on Jan. 29 in Santa Monica, Calif.; half-sister of Melissa Gilbert (1964-) and Jonathan Gilbert (1968-). Am. rapper-actor-producer (black) Big Boi (Antwan Andre Patton) (Outkast) on Feb. 1. in Savannah, Ga. Am. singer (black) Aisha Morris on Feb. 2; daughter of Stevie Wonder and Yolanda Simmons; inspiration for his song "Isn't She Lovely?"; named after Princess Aisha of Jordan (1968-), daughter of King Hussein and his British born wife Princess Muna al-Hussein? Am. rock musician Wesley Louden "Wes" Borland (Limp Bizkit) on Feb. 7 in Richmond, Va. Am. "We're the Millers", "Central Intelligence" writer-dir. Rawson Marshall Thurber on Feb. 9 in San Francisco, Calif. English "The Assassination of Katie Hopkins" non-PC media personality Katie Olivia Hopkins on Feb. 13 in Barnstable, Devon; educated at the U. of Exeter, and Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Am. singer Brian Thomas Littrell (Backstreet Boys) on Feb. 20 in Lexington, Ky. Am. "Gertie in E.T.", "Dylan Sanders in Charlie's Angels" actress-producer Drew Blyth Barrymore on Feb. 22 in Culver City, Calif; daughter of John Drew Barrymore (1932-2004) and Jaid Barrymore (1946-); granddaughter of John Barrymore (1882-1942) and Dolores Costello (1903-79); half-sister of John Blyth Barrymore III (1954-); her great-great-grandmother Louisa Lane Drew (1820-97) starred with John Wilkes Booth's actor-father; dances on David Letterman's desk for her 20th birthday in 1995 and bares her breasts for him with back turned toward the camera. Am. "Avenue Q", "The Book of Mormon" songwriter Robert Lopez on Feb. 23 in New York City; educated at Yale U.; collaborator of Jeff Marx (1970-). Irish Scorpion Computer Services computer programmer (IQ 197?) Walter O'Brien on Feb. 24 in County Wexford; educated at St. Kieran's College, and U. of Sussex. Am. comedian-writer (Jewish) Chelsea Joy Handler on Feb. 25 in Livingston, N.J. Am. "Disturbia" screenwriter (gay) Christopher Beau Landon on Feb. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Michael Landon (1936-91). Am. theoretical physicist Nikodem Janusz Poplawski on Mar. 1 in Torun, Poland. Am. "T'Pol in Star Trek: Enterprise" actress Jolene Blalock on Mar. 5 in San Diego, Calif. Am. supermodel Nicole Renee "Niki" Taylor on Mar. 5 in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. South Korean "Parasite" actor Lee Sun-kyun (d. 2023) on Mar. 2 in Seoul. Am. rapper-actor (black) will.i.am (William James Adams Jr.) (Black Eyed Peas) on Mar. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif.; of Jamaican descent. Am. "Gabrielle Solis in Desperate Housewives" actress (cheerleader) Eva Jacqueline Longoria Parker on Mar. 15 in Corpus Christi, Tex.; Mexican-Am. parents; wife (2007-) of Tony Parker (1982-). Am. hip-hop singer Fergie (Stacy Ann Ferguson) (Black Eyed Peas, Wild Orchid) on Mar. 27 in Hacienda Heights, Calif.; of Irish, Scottish, and Mexican descent; wife (2009-) of Josh Duhamel (1972-). Am. "Jon & Kate Plus 8" TV personality Katie Irene "Kate" Gosselin (nee Kreider) on Mar. 28 in Philadelphia, Penn.; wife (1999-2009) of Jon Gosselin (1977-). Am. "Dorri in Crash" actress (Jewish) Bahar (Pers. "spring") Soomekh on Mar. 30 in Tehran, Iran; emigrates to the U.S. in 1979; educated at UCSB. Bulgarian tennis player Magdalena Maleeva on Apr. 1 in Sofia. Chilean "Oberyn Martel in Game of Thrones", "The Mandalorian"actor Jose Pedro Balmaceda Pascal on Apr. 2 in Santiago; brother of Lux Pascal (1992-); educated at NYU. Nigerian 7'0" basketball player (black) (Los Angeles Clippers #34, 1998-2003) (Minnesota Timberwolves #34, 2003-6) (Boston Celtics #41, 2006-7) Michael Olowokandi on Apr. 3 in Lagos. Am. "Dr. J.D. Dorian in Scrubs", "Garden State" actor-dir.-writer-producer (Jewish) Zachary Israel "Zach" Braff on Apr. 6 in South Orange, N.J.; educated at Northwestern U. Am. football CB (black) Jamael Oronde "Ronde" Barber on Apr. 7 in Roanoke, Va.; identical twins with Tiki Barber. Am. football RB (black) Tiki (Attiim Kiambu) ("fiery-tempered king") Barber on Apr. 7 in Roanoke, Va.; identical twins with Ronde Barber. Am. "Miss Congeniality 2" actress Heather Burns on Apr. 7 in Chicago, Ill. Am. "Mambo No. 5" Latin-pop musician Lou Bega (David Lubega) on Apr. 13 in Munich, Germany; Ugandan father, Sicilian mother. Kosovan pres. #3 (2011-16) (first female) Atifete Jahjaga on Apr. 20 in Dakovica (Gjakova); educated at the U. of Prishtina. Am. "Parks and Recreation", "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" TV screenwriter Daniel J. "Dan" Goor on Apr. 28 in Washington, D.C. Am. "David Healy in Roseanne", "Leonard Hofstadter in The Big Bang Theory" actor John Mark "Johnny" Galecki on Apr. 30 in Bree, Belgium; of Polish, Irish, and Italian descent; grows up in Oak Park, Ill. English "Bend It Like Beckham" soccer star David Robert Joseph Beckham on May 2 in Leytonstone, London; husband (1999-) of Victoria "Posh Spice" Adams (1974-). Am. "Joan Holloway in Mad Men" actress Christina Hendricks on May 3 in Knoxville, Tenn. Am. "Charlie Young in West Wing" actor (black) Karim Dule (Dulé) Hill on May 3 in Orange, N.J. Am. 5'7" long distance runner (black) Mebrahton "Meb" Keflezighi on May 5 in Asmara, Ethiopia; immigrates to the U.S. in 1987; educated at UCLA. English "Quixotic" musician (black) Martina Topley-Bird on May 7 in St. Pancras, London. Spanish singer-songwriter Enrique Miguel Iglesias y Preysler on May 8 in Madrid; son of Julio Iglesias (1943-) and Isabel Preysler (1951-). Brazilian auto racer Helio Castroneves (Hélio Alves de Castro Neves) on May 10 in Sao Paulo; known as Spider-Man for climbing the fence next to the track after a V. Lebanese 9/11 hijacker Ziad Samir Jarrah (d. 2011) on May 11 in Mazraa. Am. 6'1" football linebacker (black) (Baltimore Ravens #52, 1996-2012) Raymond Anthony "Ray" Lewis Jr. on May 15 in Bartow, Fla.; educated at the U. of Miami. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Khalid Muhammad Abdallah al-Mihdhar (d. 2011) on May 16 in Mecca. English musician Just Jack (Jack Christopher Allsopp) on May 18 in Camden Town, London. Am. folk rock singer-songwriter Jack Hody Johnson on May 18 in Oahu, Hawaii. Australian 5'11' boxer (Muslim convert) Anthony Mundine on May 21 in Newtown, N.S.W. Am. singer-actress (black) Lauryn Noel Hill (Hill-Marley) on May 25 in South Orange, N.J. Am. rapper (black) Andre 3000 (Andre Lauren Benjamin) (Outkast) on May 27 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. rapper (black) Jadakiss (Jayson Tyrone Phillips) (Lox) on May 27 in Brooklyn, N.Y. English "Naked Chef" chef James Trevor "Jamie" Oliver on May 27 in Clavering, Essex. English singer (black) Melanie "Mel B" Janine Brown (Scary Spice in Spice Girls) on May 29 in Leeds, West Yorkshire; black Saint Kitts and Nevis immigrant father), white mother. Am. "The Resurgent", "RedState.com" conservative Repub. blogger Erick Woods Erickson on June 3 in Jackson, La.; lives in Dubai from ages 5-15; educated at Mercer U., and Walter F. George School of Law. English "Big Brother's Big Mouth" actor-comedian Russell Edward Brand on June 4 in Grays, Essex; husband (2010-2) of Katy Perry (1984-). Am. "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider", "Mr. & Mrs. Smith", "Evelyn Salt in Salt" "big lips" actress (lefty) (bi) (atheist) Angelina Jolie (Voight) on June 4 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Jon Voight (1938-) and Marcheline Bertrand (1950-2007); sister of James Haven Voight (1973-); 9th cousin of Hillary Clinton; wife (1996-9) of Jonny Lee Miller (1972-) and (2000-3) Billy Bob Thornton (1955-); partner (2005-) of Brad Pitt (1963-); lover of Jenny Shimizu. Lithuanian 7'3' basketball player (Cleveland Cavaliers #11, 1996-2010) Zydrunas Ilgauskas on Jun 5 in Kaunas. Am. "Nicole Bradford in My Two Dads", "Dana Foster in Step by Step" actress Staci Keanan on June 6 in Devon, Penn. Am. 6'0" basketball player (black) (Philadelphia 76ers #3, 1996-2006, 2009-10) (Denver Nuggets #3, 2006-8) (Detroit Pistons #1, 2008-9) (Memphis Grizzlies #3, 2009) Allen Ezail Iverson on June 7 in Hampton, Va; educated at Georgetown U. U.S. Rep. (R-Okla.) (2013-) and NASA dir. (2017-) James Frederick "Jim" Bridenstine on June 15 in Ann Arbor, Mich.; educated at Rice U., and Cornell U. Canadian 5'8" hockey player Martin St. Louis on June 18 in Lavat, Quebec. Australian "Samantha Spade in Without a Trace" actress Poppy Montgomery (Petal Emma Elizabeth Devereaux Donahue) on June 19 in Sydney; hippie parents name all their kids after flowers, except son Jethro Tull (named after the inventor of the seed drill); Montgomery is mother's maiden name. Am. musician Justin Cary on June 21 in Catskill Mountains, N.Y. Am. "Agent X" actor Jeffrey Lane "Jeff" Hephner on June 22 in Sand Creek, Mich.; educated at Calvin College, and Ferris State U. Scottish "Black Horse and the Cherry Tree" singer-songwriter Kate Victoria "KT" Tunstall on June 23 in Edinburgh. Australian "The Book Thief" novelist Markus Frank Zusak on June 23 in Sydney; Austrian immigrant father, German immigrant mother; educated at the U. of New South Wales. Am. GoPro founder Nicholas D. "Nick" Woodman on June 24 in ?; Quaker father, Hispanic descent mother; grows up in Menlo Park, Calif. and Atherton, Calif.; educated at UCSD. Am. "Lindsay Weir in Freaks and Geeks", "Velma Dinkley in Scooby-Doo" actress Linda Edna Cardellini on June 25 in Redwood City, Calif. Russian world chess champ #14 (2000-7) Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik on June 25 in Tuapse (Black Sea). Am. rapper (black) (Muslim) Loon (Amir Junaid Muhadith) (Chauncey Lamont Hawkins) on June 25 in Harlem, N.Y.; converts to Islam in 2009. Israeli scholar Uriya Shavit on June 22. Am. "Homer Wells in The Cider House Rules", "Peter Parker in Spiderman" actor-producer Tobias Vincent "Tobey" Maguire on June 27 in Santa Monica, Calif.; h.s. dropout; husband (2007-17) of Jennifer Meyer (1977-), daughter of Universal Studios head Ronald Meyer (1944-). Am. "Devon Capt. Awesome Woodcomb in Chuck" actor Ryan McPartlin on July 3 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ill. Am. "Carl E. Douglas in The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story" actor (black) Dale Eugene Godboldo III on July 5 in Dallas, Tex. Iranian activist Amir-Abbas Fakhravar on July 6 in Tehran. Russian Olympic biathlete Olga Valeryevna Medvedtseva (Pyleva) (nee Zamorozova) on July 7 in Borodno. Am. rock musician-songwriter Isaac Brock (Modest Mouse) on July 9 in Helena, Mont. Am. rocker Jack White (John Anthony Gillis) (White Stripes) on July 9 in Detroit, Mich.; collaborator of wife (1996-) Meg White (1974-); when they get married he takes her name. Am. PayPal co-founder Maksymilian Rafailovych "Max" Levchin (Levchyn) on July 11 in Kiev, Ukraine; emigrates to the U.S. in 1991; educated at the U. of Ill. Am. "The Naked Truth" rapper (black) Lil' Kim (Kimberly Denise Jones) on July 11 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "American Horror Story", "Max Call Me Kat" actor-singer (gay) (alcoholic) Cheyenne David Jackson on July 12 in Spokane, Wash.; husband (2011-13) of Monte Lapka, and (2014-) Jason Landau. Am. 4'11" R&B singer (black) Tameka "Tiny" Cottle (Xscape) on July 14 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. country singer Jamey Johnson on July 14 in Enterprise, Ala.; raised in Montgomery, Ala. Am. rapper-singer Taboo Nawasha (Jaime Luis Gomez) (Black Eyed Peas) on July 14 in Los Angeles, Calif.; of Mexican and Shoshone descent. English "Kate in EastEnders" actress Jill Halfpenny on July 15 in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear. Australian-Am. mathematician Terence "Terry" Chi-Shen Tao on July 17 in Adelaide; Chinese immigrant parents; child prodigy; educated at Flinders U., and Princeton U.; 2006 Fields Medal. Am. singer-songwriter-producer Daron Vartan Malakian (System of a Down) on July 18 in Rotorua, Los Angeles, Calif.; of Armenian ancestry. British "Born Free" rapper-songwriter-artist M.I.A. (Mathangi "Maya" Arulpragasam) on July 18 in Mitcham, South London; of Tamil Sri Lankan descent. Am. 6'5" basketball player (black) (Milwaukee Bucks #20, 1996-2003) (Seattle SuperSonics #34, 2003-7) (Boston Celtics #20, 2007-12) (Miami Heat #34, 2007-14) Walter Ray Allen Jr. on July 20 in Merced, Calif.; educated at the U. of Conn. Am. "Kitty Sanchez in Arrested Development" actress Judy Evans Greer (Judith Laura Evans) on July 20 in Livonia, Mich.; trained as a ballerina. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) (Golden State Warriors #32, 1995-8) Joseph Leynard "Joe" Smith on July 26 in Norfolk, Va.; educated at the U. of Md. British Conservative PM (2022-) Mary Elizabeth "Liz" Truss on July 26; educated at Merton College, Oxford U.; starts out as pres. of the Oxford U. Liberal dems. Am. beauty queen Danni Boatwright Wiegmann on July 13 in Tonganoxie, Kan.; wife (1999-2003) of Wade Hayes (1969-) and (2007-) Casey Wiegmann (1973-). Am. baseball 3B-SS player (New York Yankees #13, 2004-) Alexander Emmanuel "Alex" "A-Rod" Rodriguez on July 27 in Washington Heights, New York City; Dominican immigrant parents; grows up in Miami, Fla.; drafted by the Seattle Mariners at age 17. Am. "Ginger Farley in Barry Munday" actress Judy Greer (Judith Laura Evans) on July 30 in Detroit, Mich. Am. "Alexandra Borgia in Law & Order" actress Annie Parisse (Anne Marie Cancelmi) on July 31 in Anchorage, Alaska. Am. "Lorne in Angel" actor-singer Andrew Alcott "Andy" Hallett on Aug. 4 in Osterville, Mass. Colombian baseball shortstop (black) ("the Barranquilla Baby") (Florida Marlins, 1996-8) (San Francisco Giants, 2009-10) Edgar Enrique Renteria Herazo on Aug. 7 in Barranquilla. South African "Monster", "The Cide House Rules" actress-model Charlize Theron (pr. like thrown) on Aug. 7 in Benoni, Gauteng; French Huguenot father, German mother. Am. rock musician Tom Linton (Jimmy Eat World) on Aug. 8 in Mesa, Ariz. Am. "Deadra Sweet Dee Reynolds in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia actress Kaitlin Willow Olson on Aug. 18 in Portland, Ore.; educated at the U. of Ore.; wife (2008-) of Rob McElhenney (1977-). Syrian first lady Asma al-Assad (nee Asma Fawaz al-Akhras) on Aug. 11 in London, England; wife (2000-) of Bashar al-Assad (1965-); educated at King's College, London. Am. "Gone Baby Gone" actor Casey Affleck on Aug. 12 in Falmouth, Mass.; brother of Ben Affleck (1972-). Am. rock musician Bill Uechi (Save Ferris) on Aug. 12. Kiwi "Thor: Ragnarok" filmmaker ("Polynesian Jew") Taika Waititi (Taika David Cohen) on Aug. 16 in Raukokore; Euro descent mother; educated at Victoria U. of Wellington. Am. rock singer Monique Powell (Save Ferris) on Aug. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Zoey Woodbine in Cybill" actress Alicia Roanne Witt on Aug. 21 in Worcester, Mass. Finnish hockey player Jarkko Ruutu on Aug. 23 in Vantaa; brother of Tuomo Ruutu (1983-). Canadian skateboarder Colin McKay on Aug. 29 in Regina, Sask. Canadian "Michael Corvin in Underworld" actor Scott Speedman on Sept. 1 in London; grows up in Toronto, Ont. Am. R&B singer (black) Tony Ulysses Thompson (d. 2007) (Hi-Five) on Sept. 2 in Waco, Tex. Cuban "Generacion Y" blogger Yoani Maria Sanchez Cordero on Sept. 4 in Havana. Am. "Dead Presidents", "Ford Lincoln Mercury in The Postman" actor (black) Larenz Tate on Sept. 8 in Chicago, Ill. Canadian "Call Me Irresponsible" singer Michael Steven Buble (Bublé) on Sept. 9 in Burnaby, B.C. Am. country musician Joe Don Rooney (Rascal Flatts) on Sept. 13 in Baxter Springs, Kan.; raised in Picher, Okla. Am. rapper (white) Brad Fischetti (Lyte Funky Ones) on Sept. 11. Am. auto racer Jimmie Kenneth Johnson on Sept. 17 in El Cajon, Calif. Italian "XXX" actress-model-singer-dir. Asia Argento (Aria Maria Vittoria Rossa Argento) on Sept. 20 in Rome; daughter of Dario Argento and Daria Nicolodi. Am. "Blair Williams in Terminator Salvation" actress Korinna Moon Bloodgood on Sept. 20 in Anaheim, Calif.; Korean, Irish, and Dutch ancestry. English "Ant & Dec" TV personality Declan (Duncan) Joseph Oliver "Dec" Donnelly on Sept. 25 in Newcastle upon Tyne; partner of Ant McPartlin (1975-). Am. Olympic swimmer Gary Wayne Hall Jr. on Sept. 26 in Cincinnati, Ohio; son of Gary Hall Sr. (1951-). Am. swimmer (Jewish) Lenny Krayzelburg on Sept. 28 in Odessa, Ukraine; emigrates to the U.S. in 1989. Am. "Between the World and Me" writer-journalist (black) Ta-Nehisi Paul Coates on Sept. 30 in Baltimore, Md.; educated at Howard U. French "La Vie En Rose" actress Marion Cotillard on Sept. 30 in Paris. Am. "I Am Not My Hair" R&B singer-songwriter-producer (black) India.Arie (Simpson) (AKA India.Arie) on Oct. 3 in Denver, Colo. Am. rapper (black) Talib (Arab. "student") Kweli (Swahili "true") Greene on Oct. 3 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "Jane in Clockwatchers" actress Alanna Ubach on Oct. 3 in Downey, Calif. British BBC News TV journalist Katarzyna "Kasia" Madera on Oct. 4 in London; Polish immigrant parents; educated at City U. London. Am rock musician Brian Mashburn (Save Ferris) on Oct. 5. English "Bend It Like Beckham" actress Parminder Kaur "Mindi" Nagra on Oct. 5 in Leicester; Indian Sikh parents. English "Rose DeWitt Bukater in Titanic", "Juliet Hulme in Heavenly Creatures" actress Kate Elizabeth Winslet on Oct. 5 in Dellwood Hospital, Reading, Berkshire; wife (2003-) of Sam Mendes (1965-). Australian "Matilda the Musical" musician-comedian-actor-writer-dir. Timothy David "Tim" Minchin on Oct. 7 in Northampton, England; grows up in Perth; educated at the U. of Western Australia. English "Into the Sun" singer-songwriter-actor Sean Tara Ono Lennon on Oct. 9 in New York City; son of John Lennon (1940-80) and Yoko Ono (1933-); half-brother of Julian Lennon (1963-). Am. auto racer Jason Jarrett on Oct. 14 in Conover, N.C.; son of Dale Jarrett (1956-); grandson of Ned Jarrett (1932-). Scottish rock musician (vegetarian) Chris Geddes (Belle & Sebastian") on Oct. 15 in Dalry; educated at Glasgow U. English "White Teeth" novelist (black) Zadie Smith on Oct. 27 in Brent, London; English father, Jamaican mother. Am. "Rory in Accepted" actress-comedian Maria Thayer on Oct. 30 in Boring, Ore.; educated at Juilliard School. Am. singer-musician (Am. Idol season 4 runner-up) Harold Elwin "Bo" Bice Jr. on Nov. 1 in Huntsville, Ala. Am. rock musician Christopher Ryan "Chris" Walla (Death Cab for Cutie) on Nov. 2 in Bothell, Wash. Am. rock singer Toryn Green (Fuel, For the Talking) on Nov. 3 in Wasila, Alaska. Am. 6'2" football safety (black) (Green Bay Packers #42, 1997-204) (Minnesota Vikings, 2005-8) (New Orleans Saints, 2009-10) Darren Mallory Sharper on Nov. 3 in Richmond, Va.; educated at William and Mary College. Am. "Heather Harper in Who's The Boss?" actress Heather Tom on Nov. 4 in Hinsdale, Ill.; sister of Nicholle Tom (1978-). Canadian-Am. opera soprano Erin Wall (d. 2020) on Nov. 4; Am. parents; educated at Western Washington U., and Rice U. Welsh singer-songwriter Lisa Scott-Lee (Steps) on Nov. 5 in St. Asaph, Denbighshire. Am. swimmer Jason Edward Lezak on Nov. 12 in Irvine, Calif. Am. rock drummer Travis Landon Barker (Blink-182, +44) on Nov. 14 in Fontana, Calif. English singer-songwriter-actress Faye Louise Tozer (Steps) on Nov. 14 in Northampton. English "Ant & Dec" TV personality Anthony David "Ant" McPartlin on Nov. 18 in Newcastle upon Tyne; partner of Declan Donnelly (1975-). Am. "What Was I Thinkin'", "Woman, Amen" country singer Frederick Dierks Bentley on Nov. 20 in Phoenix, Ariz.; educated at Vanderbilt U. Am. baseball RF player David Jonathan "J.D." Drew on Nov. 20 in Valdosta, Ga. Am. "Skip Tyler in White House Down", "Gavin Orsay in House of Cards" actor James Raymond "Jimmi" Simpson on Nov. 21 in Hackettstown, N.J.; educated at Bloomsburg U. Am. "Ten Thousand Angels", "Guys Do It All the Time" country singer Malinda Gayle "Mindy" McCready (d. 2013) on Nov. 30 in Fort Meyers, Fla. Am. "Jane Carter in MI: Ghost Protocol" actress Paula Maxine Patton on Dec. 5 in Los Angeles, Calif.; black father, white mother; eucated at UCB, and USC. Canadian pop singer Nicole Marie Appleton (All Saints) on Dec. 7 in Hamilton, Ont. Am. auto racer Kevin Michael Harvick on Dec. 8 in Bakersfield, Calif. Am. "Blossom Ruby Russo in Blossom", "Amy Farrah Fowler in The Big Bang Theory" actress-neuroscientist (Jewish) (vegan) (Zionist) Mayim (Heb. "water") Chaya Bialik on Dec. 12 in San Diego, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. punk rock musician Thomas Matthew "Tom" DeLonge Jr. (Blink-182) on Dec. 13 in Poway, Calif. Am. "Leeloo in The Fifth Element", "Violet in Ultraviolet" actress-model-musician Milla Natasha Jovovich on Dec. 17 in Kiev, Ukraine; emigrates to the U.S. in 1981; becomes Richard Avedon's top model at age 12. Am. "Revolution Church", "One Punk Under God" evangelist Jamie Charles "Jay" Bakker on Dec. 18 in Charlotte, N.C.; son of Jim Bakker (1940-) and Tammy Faye Bakker (1942-2007). Am. "How Country Feels" country singer-songwriter Shawn Randolph "Randy" Houser on Dec. 18 in Lake, Miss. Australian "Chandelier", "Cheap Thrills" singer-songwriter Sia Kate Isobelle Furler on Dec. 18 in Adelaide, Suth Australia. Am. "Carol Anne Freeling Poltergeist" actress Heather Michele O'Rourke (d. 1988) on Dec. 27 in Santee, San Diego, Calif. Am. "Janice Lazarotto in Head of the Class" actress Tannis Vallely on Dec. 28 in New York City. Am. golfer (black) Eldrick Tont "Tiger" Woods on Dec. 30 in Cypress, Calif.; son of Earl Dennison Woods (1932-2006), the architect of his career, who starts him playing golf at age 6 mo., and gets him an appearance on the Mike Douglas Show at age 2 to show off his swing to Bob Hope and Jimmy Stewart; wins six Optimist Jr. Golf Tourneys from ages 8-15; wears a red golf shirt on the last day of a tournament; husband (2004-9) of Elin Maria Pernilla Nordegren (1980-). Greek economist George-Marios Angeletos on ? in Athens; educated at Athens U., and Harvard U. U.S. White House press secy. #30 (2014-) Josh Earnest on ? in Kansas City, Mo; educated at Rice U. Am. anti-Israeli academic (Muslim) Steven Salaita on ? in Bluefield, W. Va.; Jordanian immigrant father; educated at Radford U., and U. of Okla. Am. "White House Down", "The Amazing Spider-Man", "Zodiac" screenwriter-dir. James Platten Vanderbilt on Nov. ? in ?; descendant of the N.Y. Vanderbilt family; raised in Norwalk, Conn.; educated at USC. Deaths: Am. X-ray tube and tungsten lamp filament inventor William D. Coolidge (b. 1873) on Feb. 3 in Schenectady, N.Y. - maybe X-rays are a fountain of youth? English viola player Lionel Tertis (b. 1876) on Feb. 22 in Wimbledon, London - I thought the tertis'd never finish that piece? French fashion designer Madeleine Vionnet (b. 1876) on Mar. 2 in Paris - lived 100 years in slinky Grecian dresses? Swedish-born Am. radio-TV pioneer inventor Ernst F.W. Alexanderson (b. 1878) on May 14 in Schenectady, N.Y. English "The Birds" actress Ethel Griffies (b. 1878) on Sept. 9 in London. Am. Appalachian Trail founder Benton MacKaye (b. 1879) on Dec. 11 in Sherley Center, Mass. Austrian composer-conductor Robert Elisabeth Stolz (d. 1880) on June 27 in Berlin; composed 60 operettas and 1K+ songs; buried near Johannes Brahms and Johann Strauss II in the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna. English humorist "Jeeves" writer P.G. Wodehouse (b. 1881) on Feb. 14 in Southampton, Long Island, N.Y.; dies 1 mo. after being knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. Am. New Age writer Corinne Heline (b. 1882) on July 26. Am. poet Anne Spencer (b. 1882). Am. architect Clarence Samuel Stein (b. 1882) on Feb. 7 in New York City; designed Temple Emanu-El in New York City. Irish PM (1937-48, 1951-4, 1957-9) and pres. (1959-73) Eamon De Valera (b. 1882) on Aug. 29 in Blackrock (near Dublin) (pneumonia); dies in a nursing home. U.S. Sen. (D-Mont.) (1923-47) olitician Burton Kendall Wheeler (b. 1882) on Jan. 8 in Washington, D.C. U.S. Navy secy. (1941-4) Ralph Austin Bard (b. 1884) on Apr. 5 in Deerfield, Ill. Russian historian-diplomat Ivan Maisky (b. 1884) on Sept. 3 in Moscow. Italian conductor Vittorio Gui (b. 1885). Am. Nystatin microbiologist Elizabeth Lee Hazen (b. 1885) on June 24 in Seattle, Wash. Japanese-born Am. artist Chiura Obata (b. 1885). U.S. Marine Corps. gen. Julian Constable Smith (b. 1885) on Nov. 5. Am. conservative anti-New Deal writer Raymond Charles Moley (b. 1886) on Feb. 18 in Phoenix, Ariz.; member of FDR's Brain Trust who invented the term New Deal for FDR then broke with him. Japanese Gen. Baron Hiroshi Oshima (b. 1886) on June 6 in Tokyo. English chemist Sir Robert Robinson (b. 1886) on Feb. 8; 1947 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. "Nero Wolfe" writer Rex Todhunter Stout (b. 1886) on Oct. 27 in Danbury, Conn.: "There are two kinds of statistics, the kind you look up and the kind you make up." French auto racer Rene Thomas (b. 1886) on Sept. 23 in Paris. Am. IOC chmn. (1952-72) Avery Brundage (b. 1887) on May 8 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. English "Mrs. Higgins on My Fair Lady" stage actress Zena Dare (b. 1887) on Mar. 11 in Brighton; dies six weeks before her actress sister Phyllis Dare (b. 1890). Polish physicist Kasimir Fajans (b. 1887) on May 18 in Ann Arbor, Mich. Am. aviation pioneer Reuben Hollis Fleet (b. 1887) on Oct. 29 in San Diego, Calif.; dies after a fall. Am. economist ("the American Keynes") Alvin Harvey Hansen (b. 1887) on June 6 in Alexandria, Va.; teacher of 1970 Nobel Economics Prize winner Paul A. Samuelson. German physicist Gustav Hertz (b. 1887) on Oct. 30 in Berlin; 1925 Nobel Physics Prize. English biologist Sir Julian Huxley (b. 1887) on Feb. 14 in London; in 1980 D. James Kennedy pub. the following quote of his allegedly taken from a talk show: "I suppose that the reason we leaped at 'The Origin of Species' is that the idea of God interfered with our sexual mores"; too bad, it turns out to be a hoax? Chinese nationalist leader generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek (b. 1887) on Apr. 5 (heart attack). French poet-diplomat Saint-John Perse (b. 1887) on Sept. 20 in Presq'ile-de-Giens, Provence; 1960 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. "Santa Claus is Coming to Town" songwriter Haven Gillespie (b. 1888) on Mar. 14 in Las Vegas, Nev. (cancer). Indian philosopher-statesman Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (b. 1888); his birthday of Sept. 5 becomes Teacher's Day: "It is not God that is worshipped but the authority that claims to speak in His name. Sin becomes disobedience to authority not violation of integrity." U.S. Tex. gov. #35 (1941-7) Coke Robert Stevenson (b. 1888) on June 28 in San Angelo, Tex. Am. painter Thomas Hart Benton (b. 1889) on Jan. 19 in Kansas City, Mo. British historian Sir James Ramsay Montagu Butler (b. 1889) on Mar. 1. Am. journalist May Craig (b. 1889) on July 15 in Silver Spring, Md. Danish novelist Gunnar Gunnarsson (b. 1889) on Nov. 21. Am. newspaper publisher Eugene Collins Pulliam (b. 1889) on June 23 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. jazz composer Noble Sissle (b. 1889) on Dec. 17 in Tampa, Fla. English historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee (b. 1889) on Oct. 22 in York (nursing home): "Civilization is a movement and not a condition, a voyage and not a harbor"; "The coming of Buddhism to the West may well prove to be the most important event of the Twentieth Century"; "Of the twenty or so civilizations known to modern Western historians, all except our own appear to be dead or moribund, and, when we diagnose each case... we invariably find that the cause of death has been either War or Class or some combination of the two; "In that instant he was directly aware of the passage of History flowing through him in a mighty current, and of his own life welling like a wave in the flow of this vast tide." Am. "The Kid from Tomkinsville" children's writer John Roberts Tunis (b. 1889) on Feb. 4 in Essex, Conn. English stage actress Phyllis Dare (b. 1890) on Apr. 27 in Brighton, Sussex; dies six weeks after her actress sister Zena Dare (b. 1887). Canadian air marshal Robert Leckie (b. 1890) on Mar. 31 in Ottawa. Am. "Ma Kettle" actor Marjorie Main (b. 1890) on Apr. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. baseball hall-of-fame player-mgr. (Dodgers, Giants, Yankees, Mets, Braves) Casey "the Old Perfessor" Stengel (b. 1890) on Sept. 29 in Glendale, Calif. (cancer): "Most people my age are dead"; "Ability: the art of getting credit for all the home runs somebody else hits." Am. "The Perils of Pauline", "How the West Was Won" dir. George E. Marshall (b. 1891) on Feb. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif. English composer Sir Arthur Bliss (b. 1891) on Mar. 27 in London. Ethiopian desposed emperor (1916-74) Haile Selassie (b. 1891) on Aug. 27 (murdered). Am. educator (U. of Calif. pres.) Robert G. Sproul (b. 1891) on Sept. 10. Yugoslavian writer Ivo Andric (Andríc) (b. 1892) on Mar. 13 in Belgrade; 1961 Nobel Lit. Prize. Spanish dictator (1939-75) Gen. Francisco Franco (b. 1892) on Nov. 20 in El Ferrol. Hungarian Cardinal (1946-75) Jozsef Mindszenty (b. 1892) on May 6 in Vienna (in exile); he coulda been more popular if he weren't so aristocratic (loving his feudal title of prince-primate), didn't back the owning of vast tracks of Church-owned farmlands, and didn't oppose church-state separation? English physicist Sir George Paget Thomson (b. 1892) on Sept. 10 in Cambridge; 1937 Nobel Physics Prize; son of physicist Sir J.J. Thomson (1856-1940). Am. silent film actor Billy West (b. 1892) on July 21 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. historian-educator James Phinney Baxter III (b. 1893) on June 17 in Williamstown, Mass. French light heavyweight boxer ("the Orchid Man") Georges Carpentier (b. 1894) on Oct. 28 in Paris (heart attack); fought Jack Dempsey on July 2, 1921 in boxing's first $1M gate. Czech simplified keyboard inventor August Dvorak (b. 1894) on Oct. 10. English novelist Marguerite Steen (b. 1894) on Aug. 4. English "Jeeves" actor Arthur Treacher (b. 1894) on Dec. 14 in Manhasset, N.Y. (heart failure). Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin (b. 1895) on Mar. 7 in Moscow. Soviet PM (1955-8) Nikolai Bulganin (b. 1895) on Feb. 24 in Moscow. English zoologist Lancelot Hogben (b. 1895) on Aug. 22 in Wrexham, Wales: "I like Scandinavians, skiing, swimming and socialists who realize it is our business to promote social progress by peaceful methods. I dislike football, economists, eugenicists, Fascists, Stalinists, and Scottish conservatives. I think that sex is necessary and bankers are not." Soviet aircraft magnate Pavel Sukhoi (b. 1895) on Sept. 15 in Moscow. Am. bandleader Vincent Lopez (b. 1895) on Sept. 20 in North Miami Beach, Fla. Swiss-born French actor Michel Simon (b. 1895) on May 30 in Bry-sur-Marne (pulmonary embolism). German SS Gen. Gottlob Christian Berger (b. 1896) on Jan. 5 in Gerstetten. English "Journey's End" playwright Robert Cedric Sherriff (b. 1896) on Nov. 13 in Kingston upon Thames. Am. dir. William A. Wellman (b. 1896) on Dec. 9 in Los Angeles, Calif. (leukemia). Norwegian-Am. meteorologist Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes (b. 1897) on July 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. French actor Pierre Fresnay (b. 1897) on Jan. 9 in Neuilly-sur-Seine (respiratory failure). Am. silent film vamp Dagmar Godowsky (b. 1897) on Feb. 13 in New York City. Am. historian Constance McLaughlin Green (b. 1897) on Dec. 5 in Annapolis, Md. Am. "Three Stooges" actor Moe Howard (b. 1897) on May 4 in Hollywood, Calif. (lung cancer) - the last to go is Moe? Am. "Inherit the Wind", "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde", "The Best Years of Our Lives" actor Fredric March (b. 1897) on Apr. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Am. Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) founder Elijah Muhammad (b. 1897) on Feb. 25. Am. actress Gertrude Olmstead (b. 1897) on Jan. 18 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Am. playwright-novelist Thornton Wilder (b. 1897) on Dec. 7 in Hamden, Conn. (heart attack); only person to win Pulitzer Prizes in both fiction and drama. Am. Abe Lincoln descendant Peggy Beckwith (b. 1898) on July 10 in Rutland, Vt.; dies childless, leaving brother Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith (1904-85) as the last of the line. U.S. Supreme Court justice (1939-75) William O. Douglas (b. 1898) on Jan. 19 in Washington, D.C. Italian car manufacturer Ernesto Maserati (b. 1898) on Dec. 1 in Bologna. U.S. Battle of the Bulge "Nuts!" gen. Anthony Clement McAuliffe (b. 1898) on Aug. 11 in Chevy Chase, Md. (leukemia). Am. jazz drummer Arthur James "Zutty" Singleton (b. 1898) on July 14 in New York City. Am. aircraft designer Lloyd Stearman (b. 1898) on Apr. 3 in Northridge, Calif. English archeologist Sir John Eric Sidney Thompson (b. 1898) on Sept. 9 in Cambridge. German philosopher Felix Weil (b. 1898) on Sept. 18 in Dover, Del. Am. actress Evelyn Brent (b. 1899) on June 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. English Gilbert & Sullivan actor-singer Martyn Green (b. 1899) on Feb. 8 in Hollywood, Calif. (septicemia). Am. black chemist Percy Lavon Julian (b. 1899) on Apr. 19 in Waukegan, Ill. (liver cancer); granted 130+ chemical patents. Ukrainian-born Am. agricultural economist Wolf Isaac Ladejinsky (b. 1899) on June 3 in Washington, D.C. (stroke) French-born Am. stage actress Francine Larrimore (b. 1899) on Mar. 7 in New York City. Ukrainian-born Am. geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky (b. 1900) on Dec. 18 in San Jacinto, Calif. (leukemia). Canadian poet Alain Grandbois (b. 1900) on Mar. 18 in Quebec City, Quebec. Am. baseball player Lefty Grove (b. 1900) on May 22 in Norwalk, Ohio. Am. actor Walter Kinsella (b. 1900) on May 11 in Englewood, N.J. Colombian dictator Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (b. 1900) on Jan. 17 in Melgar, Tolima. Am. "The Little King" cartoonist Otto Soglow (b. 1900) on Apr. 3 in New York City. Am. anthropologist Leslie White (b. 1900) on Mar. 31 in Lone Pine, Calif. Am. M1 Carbine inventor David Marshall "Carbine" Williams (b. 1900) on Jan. 8 in Raleigh, N.C. Am. actress Mary Philips (b. 1901) on Apr. 22 in Santa Monica, Calif. (cancer); wife (1928-38) of Humphrey Bogart. Japanese PM (1964-72) Eisaku Sato (b. 1901) on June 3 in Tokyo (stroke); 1974 Nobel Peace Prize. Am. jazz pianist Frank Signorell (b. 1901) on Dec. 9 in New York City. Am. choreographer Charles Weidman (b. 1901) on July 15 in New York City. German artist Hans Bellmer (b. 1902) on Feb. 24. Anglo-Scottish "narrator in The Guns of Navarone" actor James Robertson Justice (b. 1907) on July 2 in Romsey, Hampshire, England; dies broke. Italian novelist-painter Carlo Levi (b. 1902) on Jan. 4 in Rome (pneumonia). Am. "Gang Busters" radio actor Phillips Haynes Lord (b. 1902) on Oct. 19 in Ellsworth, Maine. Am. stage designer Donald M. Oenslager (b. 1902) on June 21 near Bedford, N.Y. English historian Sir John W. Wheeler-Bennett (b. 1902) on Dec. 9 in London (cancer). German composer Boris Blacher (b. 1903) on Jan. 30. Am. photographer Walker Evans (b. 1903) on Apr. 10 in New Haven, Conn English sculptor Dame Barbara Hepworth (b. 1903) on May 20 in St. Ives, Cornwall; dies in a fire in her studios. Italian composer Luigi Dallapiccola (b. 1904). Egyptian #1 singer Umm Kulthum (b. 1904) on Feb. 3 in Cairo (cerebral hemorrhage); her funeral draws 4M mourners. Czech pres. (1957-68) Antonin Novotny (b. 1904) on Jan. 28 in Prague; dies of a blocked artery in a state sanatorium. Am. "A Place in the Sun", "Shane", "Giant" movie dir. George Stevens (b. 1904) on Mar. 8 in Lancaster, Calif. French Socialist PM #145 (1956-7) Guy Mollet (b. 1905) on Oct. 3 in Paris (heart attack). U.S. treasurer (1953-61) Ivy Baker Priest (b. 1905) on June 23: "It is a form of selfishness to imagine that every individual can operate on his own or can pull out of the general stream and not be missed." Am. writer-critic Lionel Trilling (b. 1905) on Nov. 5 in New York City (cancer). Russian choreographer Pavel P. Virsky (b. 1905). Am. country musician Bob Wills (b. 1905) on May 13 in Ft. Worth, Tex. (pneumonia). German-born Jewish-Am. political theorist Hannah Arendt (b. 1906) on Dec. 4 in New York City (heart attack): "Forgiveness is the key to action and freedom." Am.-born French singer-dancer Josephine Baker (b. 1906) on Apr. 12 in Paris (stroke); dies broke after she and her Rainbow Tribe of 12 adopted children of different nationalities are evicted from their castle. Saudi king (1964-75) Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (b. 1906) on Mar. 25 in Riyadh (assassinated). Am. entertainer Ozzie Nelson (b. 1906) on June 3 in Hollywood, Calif. (liver cancer). Greek-Argentine shipping tycoon ("the Golden Greek") Aristotle Socrates Onassis (b. 1906) on Mar. 15 in Neuilly-sur-Seine (near Paris); leaves most his fortune to daughter Christina Onassis, plus $20M to Jackie O after she gets attys. to renegotiate his will that provided only for $250K a year, with rumors circulating that he would only have paid $3M after a divorce. Canadian-born Am. Revlon Cosmetics founder Charles Revson (b. 1906) on Aug. 24 in New York City (cancer). Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich (b. 1906) on Aug. 9 in Moscow. Soviet cardiac surgeon Alexander Vishnevsky (b. 1906) on Dec. 19 in Moscow. Am. atomic bomb physicist John Ray Dunning (b. 1907) on Aug. 25 in Key Biscayne, Fla. Am. painter Fairfield Porter (b. 1907) on Sept. 18 in Southampton, N.Y. Am. "Blue Tango", "Sleigh Ride" composer Leroy Anderson (b. 1908) on May 18 in Woodbury, Conn. (lung cancer). Am. Chicago Mafia boss Sam Giancana (b. 1908) on June 19 in Oak Park, Ill.; assassinated while frying Italian sausage in his basement kichen to prevent him from testifying before a Senate committee investigating CIA-Mafia collusion in plots to assassinate Fidel Castro after he returned to the U.S. last year after nine years hiding in Mexico; he shared a mistress with JFK and participated in a CIA plot to assassinate Castro - RIP? Am. bandleader Louis Jordan (b. 1908) on Feb. 4 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack); had four million-selling hits. Austrian Nazi commando Otto Skorzeny (b. 1908) on July 5 in Madrid, Spain (cancer). Am. "Noah Joad in The Grapes of Wrath" actor Frank Sully (b. 1908) on Dec. 17 in Los Angeles, Calif.; appeared in 240+ films. U.S. JCS chmn. (1964-70) gen. Earle Gilmore "Bus" Wheeler (b. 1908) on Dec. 18 in Frederick, Md. Am. jazz singer Lee Wiley (b. 1908) on Dec. 11 in New York City (colon cancer). Am. Hawaii gov. #2 (1962-74) John Anthony Burns (b. 1909) on Apr. 5 in Honolulu, Hawaii (cancer). Am. biochemist Edward Lawrie Tatum (b. 1909) on Nov. 5 in New York City (emphysema); 1958 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. actor Richard Conte (b. 1910) on Apr. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "father of the electric blues" T-Bone Walker (b. 1910) on Mar. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. "Psycho" movie composer Bernard Herrmann (b. 1911) on Dec. 24 in North Hollywood, Calif. Am. baseball player Joe Medwick (b. 1911) on Mar. 21 in St. Petersburg, Fla. Russian-born Am. pool cue maker George Balabushka (b. 1912) on Dec. 5 in Brooklyn, N.Y. English "In Summer Season" novelist Elizabeth Taylor (b. 1912) on Nov. 19 in Penn, Buckinghamshire (cancer). Bengali philosopher Haridas Chaudhuri (b. 1913). Am. Teamsters pres. James R. "Jimmy" Hoffa (b. 1913) (reported missing in Detroit, Mich. on July 31) - he was behind the JFK assassination and they had to silence him? Am. "Thanks for the Memory" actress-singer Shirley Ross (b. 1913) on Mar. 9 in Menlo Park, Calif. (cancer); Bob Hope sends a 5-ft. cross with white carnations and red roses to her funeral, which gets mobbed. Am. "Animal in Stalag 17" actor Robert Strauss (b. 1913) on Feb. 20 in New York City; leaves the unreleased film The Noah, about the last man on Earth. Am. tenor Richard Tucker (b. 1913) on Jan. 8 in Kalamazoo, Mich. (heart attack); first person to have his funeral on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera (until ?). Am. "Men in Space" "voice with a smile in it" actor William Lundigan (b. 1914) on Dec. 20 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "The Jolson Story" actor Larry Parks (b. 1914) on Apr. 13 in Studio City, Calif. (heart attack). Kiwi Phillips Curve William Phillips (b. 1914) on Mar. 4 in Auckland. Argentine tango musician Anibal Carmelo Troilo (b. 1914) on May 18 in Buenos Aires (heart attack). Am. "Sad Sack" cartoonist George Baker (b. 1915) on May 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "The Snows of Kilimanjaro", "I Want to Live!" actress Susan Hayward (b. 1917) on Mar. 14 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (brain tumor). Russian actress Valentina Serova (b. 1917) on Dec. 12 in Moscow. Chad pres. #1 (1960-75) Francois Tombalbaye (b. 1918) on Apr. 13 in N'Djamena (assassinated by the military). Am. ballet dancer John Kriza (b. 1919) on Aug. 18 near Naples, Fla. (drowns). Am. heavyweight boxing champ (1949-51) Ezzard Charles (b. 1921) on May 28 in Chicago, Ill (Lou Gehrig's disease). Am. poet Chester Kallman (b. 1921) on Jan. 18 in Athens, Greece. Italian dir. Pier Paolo Pasolini (b. 1922) on Nov. 2 near Ostia; murdered by a teenie male ho. Zimbabwe African Nat. Union leader Herbert Chitepo (b. 1923) on Mar. 18 in Lusaka, Zambia (assassinated). Am. country musician Audrey Williams (b. 1923) on Nov. 4; wife of Hank Williams Sr. (1923-53). Am. country singer George Morgan (b. 1924) on July 7 in ? (heart attack). Am. "Twilight Zone" creator Rod Serling (b. 1924) on June 28 in Rochester, N.Y. (heart failure). Am. "What's My Line" TV host Larry Blyden (b. 1925) on June 6 in Agadir, Morocco (car accident). English "Guinness Book of World Records" co-founder (1955) Ross McWhirter (b. 1925) (6:45 p.m.) on Nov. 27 in Gordon Hill, Enfield, London; assassinated outside his home in Bush Hill Park, Enfield, London by two Provisional IRA terrorists, Harry Duggan and Hugh Doherty of the Balcombe Street Gang after he offers a Ł50K reward for the gang's arrest on Nov. 4; the perps are arrested in Dec. and sentenced to life in priz, then released in 1999 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. Swedish novelist Per Wahloo (b. 1926) on June 22 in Malmo (cancer). Am. baseball hall-of-fame player Nellie Fox (b. 1927) on Dec. 1 in Baltimore, Md. (lung cancer from chewing tobacco); 42.7 at-bats per strikeout. Ukrainian-born Soviet Olympic long distance runner Vladimir Kuts (b. 1927) on Aug. 16 in Moscow (OD of sleeping pills and alcohol). Am. jazz saxophonist Julian "Cannonball" Adderley (b. 1928) on Aug. 8 in Gary, Ind. (stroke while performing on July 17). Am. "Long Black Veil" country singer Lefty Frizzell (b. 1928) on July 19 (stroke). Am. auto racer Tiny Lund (b. 1929) on Aug. 17 in Talladega, Fla. (auto accident). Scottish actress Mary Ure (b. 1933) on Apr. 3 in London (OD); found dead by her hubby Robert Shaw after being fired in 1974 from the Broadway play "Love for Love" for alcoholism and being replaced by her understudy Glenn Close, then having a disastrous opening night in London with Honor Blackman and Brian Blessed in "The Exorcism". Am. drummer Al Jackson Jr. (b. 1935) on Oct. 1 in Memphis, Tenn.; killed by a burglar after returning home from watching the Ali-Frazier "Thrilla in Manilla" at the Mid-South Coliseum. Am. auto racer Mark Donohue (b. 1937) on Aug. 19 in Graz, Austria (brain hemorrhage). Australian publisher Juanita Nielsen (b. 1937) on July 4 in Kings Cross, Sydney (disappeared). Am. "The Temptations" singer Elbridge "Al" Bryant (b. 1939) on Oct. 26 in Flagler County, Ala. (cirrhosis of the liver). Am. runner Steve Roland Prefontaine (b. 1951) on May 30 in Eugene, Ore. (car accident).



1976 - The Politically Rock-Solid Stable America's Bicentenntial Roots Year is colored red, white, blue and cockroach brown plaid with a 1-piece red bathing suit and Farrah hairdo, while Red China is shaken up by a little head chair change, and Lebanon becomes divided between armed Christians and Muslims?

Mao Tse-tung of China (1893-1976) Hua Guofeng of China (1921-2008) Deng Xiaoping of China (1904-97) Gang of Four Ton Duc Thang of Vietnam (1888-1980) Le Duan of Vietnam (1907-86) James Callaghan of Britain (1912-2005) Raymond Barre of France (1924-2007) Gen. Jorge Rafael Videla of Argentina (1925-) Argentine Dirty War, 1976-83 Orlando Letelier of Chile (1932-76) Manuel Contreras of Chile (1929-) Gen. Antonio dos Santos Ramalho Eanes of Portugal (1935-) Mario Soares of Portugal (1924-2017) Takeo Fukuda of Japan (1905-95) Jose Lopez Portillo of Mexico (1920-2004) Giulio Andreotti of Italy (1919-) Bettino Craxi of Italy (1934-2000) Odvar Nordli of Norway (1927-) Thorbjorn Falldin of Sweden (1926-) Patrick Hillery of Ireland (1923-2008) U.S. Pres. George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-) Hussein Onn of Malaysia (1922-90) Khieu Samphan of Cambodia (1931-) Burmese Gen. Tin Oo (1927-) Aparicio Mendez of Uruguay (1904-88) Jean-Baptiste Bagaza of Burundi (1946-) Jean-Bédel Bokassa of Central African Republic (1921-96) Francisco Macias Nguema of Equatorial Guinea (1924-79) Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria (1937-) Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima of Transkei (1915-2003) Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1911-2004) Zelmar Michelini of Uruguay (1924-76) Hector Gutierrez Ruiz of Uruguay (1934-76) Sir Ellis Clarke of Trinidad and Tobago (1917-) Neville Kenneth Wran of Autralia (1926-) Mary Frances Berry of the U.S. (1938-) Elizabeth Ray (1943-) Wayne Levere Hays of the U.S. (1911-89) Hugh Leo Carey of the U.S. (1919-) Benjamin Lawson Hooks (1925-) Soviet Lt. Viktor Ivanovich Belenko (1947-) Barbara Jordan of the U.S. (1936-96) Mary Louise Smith of the U.S. (1914-97) Eleanor Holmes Norton of the U.S. (1937-) Christopher Ewart Biggs of Britain (1922-76) Adm. Alfredo Poveda of Ecuador (1926-90) Henry John Hyde of the U.S. (1924-2007) Floyd Haskell of the U.S. (1916-98) Ron Paul of the U.S. (1935-) Queen Silvia of Sweden (1943-) Jags McCartney of Turks and Caicos (1945-80) Hsieh Tung-min of Taiwan (1908-2001) George Brown of the U.K. (1914-85) Howard Hughes (1905-76) Melvin Dummar (1944-) Robert Jay Lifton (1926-) Teton Dam, June 5, 1976 Megamouth Shark, Nov. 15, 1976 Don Bolles (1929-76) and Max Dunlap (1929-2008) Ernesto Arturo Miranda (1941-76) Emilio Fermin Mignone (1922-98) Azucena Villaflor (1924-77) Yayori Matsui (1934-2003) Anneliese Michael (1952-76) Thomas Cullen Davis (1933-) Paul Castellano (1915-85) Albert Spaggiari (1932-89) Marcelo Gelman (-1976) Barbara Walters (1929-) Randall Dale Adams (1948-2010) David Ray Harris (1960-2004) Henry Menasco Wade of the U.S. (1914-2001) Mark Steven 'the Bird' Fidrych (1954-2009) Bjorn Borg (1956-) David Pearson (1934-) Dorothy Hamill of the U.S. (1956-) Sheila Grace Young-Ochowicz of the U.S. (1950-) Artis Gilmore (1949-) Jo Jo White (1946-) Franz Klammer (1953-) Michael Leduc (1953-) Nadia Comaneci of Romania (1961-) Edwin Moses of the U.S. (1955-) Enith Brigitha of Netherlands (1955-) Waldemar Cierpinski of East Germany (1950-) Bruce Jenner of the U.S. (1949-) Shirley Babashoff of the U.S. (1957-) Lynn Swann (1952-) Terry Paxton Bradshaw (1948-) Jerry Pate (1953-) Vince Papale (1946-) Bobby Bowden (1929-) Jim Boeheim (1944-) John Lucas (1953-) John Lucas (1953-) Scott May (1954-) Adrian Dantley (1955-) Robert Parish (1953-) Alex English (1954-) Lonnie Shelton (1955-) Dennis Johnson (1954-2007) Reggie Leach (1950-) Stanley Pottinger of the U.S. Luis Posada Carriles (1928-) Joseph James DeAngelo (1945-) Joseph James DeAngelo (1945-) Rev. Charles E. Blair (1921-2009) George Blanda (1927-) Marshall Holman (1954-) Antonio Inoki (1943-) vs. Muhammad Ali (1942-2016), June 26, 1976 Tommy Lasorda (1927-) Shavarsh Karapetyan Jonathan Netanyahu of Israel (1946-76) Victor Korchnoi (1931-) Sal Mineo (1939-76) Sir John Keegan (1934-) Jane Pauley (1950-) Tom Brokaw (1940-) Danny Greene (1933-77) Michael Anthony Bilandic of the U.S. (1923-2002) Rudy Giuliani of the U.S. (1944-) NASA Face on Mars Photo, July 31, 1976 Boris Volynov of the Soviet Union (1934-) Vitaly Zhobolov of the Soviet Union Valery Bykovsky of the Soviet Union (1934-) Vladimir Aksenov of the Soviet Union (1935-) Vyacheslav Zudov of the Soviet Union (1942-) Valeri Rozhdestvensky of the Soviet Union (1939-) Selim Ahmed El-Hoss of Lebanon (1929-) Mairead Corrigan of North Ireland (1944-) Betty Williams of North Ireland (1943-) Wa'el Hamza Julaidan (1958-) Omar Shahin Joseph Dominick Pistone (1939-) Saul Bellow (1915-2005) Burton Richter (1931-) Samuel Chao Chung Ting (1936-) William Nunn Lipscomb Jr. (1919-) Baruch Samuel Blumberg (1925-) Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923-2008) Milton Friedman (1912-2006) Peter Armbruster (1931-) Gottfried Münzenberg (1940-) Martin Frank Gellert (1929-) Bob Hall (1943-) Douglas Richard Hofstadter (1945-) Thomas Kibble (1932-) Alan Graham MacDiarmid (1927-2007) Alan Jay Heeger (1936-) Hideki Shirakawa (1936-) Kenneth Appel (1932-) Sir James Whyte Black (1924-) John Clifton 'Jack' Bogle (1929-) Wolfgang Haken (1928-) John M.J. Madey Bruce Redd McConkie (1915-85) Kazuo Hashimoto (-1995) Sir Patrick Moore (1923-) Eddie Oshins (1937-2003) Yuri Orlov (1924-) Susumu Tonegawa (1939-) Harold Elliot Varmus (1939-) Muhammad Yunus (1940-) Robert A. Swanson (1947-99) Herbert W. Boyer (1936-) John Michael Bishop (1936-) Steve Jobs (1955-2011) and Steve Wozniak (1950-) Steve Jobs (1955-2011) Mike Markkula Jr. (1942-) Apple I, 1976 Apple II, 1977 Chuck Peddle (1937-) Drummond Pike (1948-) Whit Diffie (1944-) Martin Edward Hellman (1945-) Ralph C. Merkle (1952-) Liz Claiborne (1929-2007) Sarah Caldwell (1924-2006) Morgan Freeman (1937-) Sally Stanford (1903-82) Ted Turner (1938-) James Wilson Rouse (1914-96) Renata Adler (1938-) Jeffrey Archer (1940-) Elizabeth Bishop (1911-79) Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96) Erma Bombeck (1927-96) 'The Grass is Always Greener Over the Septic Tank' by Erma Bombeck (1927-96), 1976 Elise Boulding (1920-2010) Maurice Bucaille (1920-98) Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006) Raymond Carver (1938-88) Harry Crews (1935-) Janet Dailey (1944-) Sara Davidson (1943-) Richard Dawkins (1941-) Thomas Covington Dent (1932-98) Wayne Walter Dyer (1940-2015) David Edgar (1948-) Nora Ephron (1941-) Susan Estrich (1952-) Richard Ford (1944-) Richard B. Freeman (1943-) Charles Henry Fuller Jr. (1939-) Alan Furst (1941-) Tess Gallagher (1943-) Jean-Paul Gaultier (1952-) Jean-Paul Gaultier Example Pam Gems (1925-) Carlo Ginzburg (1939-) Philip Glass (1937-) Patrick Grainville (1947-) Gael Greene (1935-) Judith Guest (1936-) Alex Haley (1921-92) John Hawkes (1925-98) Michel Henry (1922-2002) Julian Jaynes (1920-97) Michael Jensen (1939-) Preston Jones (1936-79) Bill Kaysing (1922-2005) Maxine Hong Kingston (1940-) Pavel Kohout (1928-) Joe Kubert (1926-2016) Ray Kurzweil (1948-) John Edward Mack (1929-2004) Norman Maclean (1902-90) Jack McAuliffe (1945-) James Merrill (1926-95) 'Dress for Success' by John T. Molloy, 1976 N. Scott Momaday (1934-) Lisel Mueller (1924-) Kenzaburo Oe (1935-) Simon J. Ortiz (1941-) James Patterson (1947-) Harvey Pekar (1939-2010) Harry Mark Petrakis (1923-) Jayne Anne Phillips (1952-) Lowell Ponte (1946-) Michael I. Posner (1936-) David Morris Potter (19101-71) Manuel Puig (1932-90) Tom Robbins (1932-) 'Even Cowgirls Get the Blues' by Tom Robbins (1932-), 1976 Raphael Samuel (1934-96) Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-) Milan Stitt (1941-2009) Robert K.G. Temple (1945-) Emmanuel Todd (1951-) Rose Tremain (1943-) Tatiana Troyanos (1938-93) Alexander Vampilov (1937-72) Joseph Weizenbaum (1923-2008) Robert Wilson (1941-) Zecharia Sitchin (1920-2010) Liz Taylor (1932-) and John Warner (1927-) Spider Sabich of the U.S. (1945-76) Claudine Longet (1942-) Alice', 1976-1984 'Charlies Angels', 1976-81 Farrah Fawcett (1947-2009) 'Baa Baa Black Sheep', 1976-8 Donny Osmond (1957-) and Marie Osmond (1959-) 'The Duchess of Duke Street', 1976-7 'Family Feud', starring Richard Dawson (1932-), 1976-85 'The Gong Show', 1976-89 'Laverne and Shirley', 1976-83 'Live from Lincoln Center', 1976- 'Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman', 1976-7 Jim Henson (1936-90) 'The Muppet Show', 1976-81 The Practice', 1976-7 'Quincy, M.E.', 1976-83 Christie Brinkley (1954-) Brooke Shields (1965-) Cathy Guisewite (1950-) 'Cathy', 1976-2010 'Gemini', 1976 'Streamers', 1976 'Your Arms Too Short to Box with God', 1976 'All the Presidents Men', 1976 'Carrie', 1976 'Children', 1976 Terence Davies (1945-) 'Futureworld', 1976 'King Kong', 1976 'Logans Run', 1976 'The Man Who Fell to Earth', starring David Bowie (1947-2016), 1976 'Midway', 1976 'The Missouri Breaks, 1976 'Network' starring Peter Finch (1916-77), 1976 'The Omen', 1976 'The Outlaw Josie Wales', 1976 'Rocky' starring Sylvester Stallone (1946-), 1976 'Stay Hungry', 1976 'Taxi Driver', 1976 Chuck Wepner (1939-) 'Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands', 1976 'The Messenger', starring Anthony Quinn, 1976 Ann Beattie (1947-) Anne Rice (1941-2021) Boston Blue Oyster Cult Steve Miller Band The Clash Billy Ocean (1950-) 'Austin City Limits', 1976- The Starland Vocal Band Phil Collins (1951-) Norman Connors (1947-) Johnny Mathis (1935-) Ciro Dammicco (1947-) Michael McDonald (1952-) Walter Murphy (1952-) Kenny Rogers (1938-) Boz Scaggs (1944-) Al Stewart (1945-) Tom Petty (1950-2017) Heart Rose Royce The Runaways The Sex Pistols The Modern Lovers Wild Cherry Waylon Jennings (1937-2002) Vicki Sue Robinson (1954-2000) Starbuck Andrea True (1943-) Rick Dees (1950-) Thelma Houston (1946-) Mary MacGregor (1948-) Johnnie Taylor (1937-2000) 100 Club Punk Festival, Sept. 20-21, 1976 Anne-Sophie Mutter (1963-) George Benson (1943-) Saul Zaentz (1921-) Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009) 'Portrait of Andy Warhol' by Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009), 1976 Christo (1935-) and Jeanne-Claude (1935-) Running Fence by Christo (1935-) and Jeanne-Claude (1935-), 1976 Perry Ellis (1940-86) Perry Ellis (1940-86) Example Bonaventure Hotel, 1976 CN Tower, 1976 Harry Mohr Weese (1915-98) Washington Metro, 1976 Seymour Cray (1925-96) Cray-1 Supercomputer, 1976 César Award, 1976

1976 Doomsday Clock: 9 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Dragon (Jan. 31) (luckiest). Time Mag. Man of the Year: James Earl "Jimmy" Carter (1924-). The U.S. Consumer Price Index rises 4.8% this year (vs. 7% last year). By this year total U.S. aid to South Korea since 1946 reaches $12.6B. This year U.S. textile mills produce 820M sq. yds. of cotton denim, up from 437M in 1971, caused by the demand for blue jeans and denim jackets. U.S. single-family home median sales price: $38.1K (vs. $20K in 1968). Most popular U.S. baby names: Michael, Jennifer. Half of all British mothers are in the workforce, vs. 10% in 1900. Ethnic Russians become a minority in the Soviet Union. The British Music Second Wave in the U.S. begins (until 1978), with groups incl. Elvis Costello and the Attractions, The Police, The Clash, The Cure, The Sex Pistols, and U2. On Jan. 1 UCLA defeats Ohio State by 23-10 to win the 1976 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 1 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) orders U.S. Steel to close its coke plants in Gary, Ind. for violation of 1970 clean air standards. On Jan. 4 the Protestant UVF kills six Catholic civilians in Armagh; on Jan. 5 Catholics militants kill 10 Protestant civilians in the Kingsmill Massacre in South Armagh. On Jan. 4 protesters occupy battered Kaho'olawe Island in Hawaii to reclaim it from the U.S. Navy, which used it as a shelling and bombing target since 1941; on May 8, 1994 they return to celebrate its being handed over to the state. On Jan. 5 (Mon.) Norman Lear's soap opera Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman debuts in syndication for 325 episodes (until May 10, 1977); set in fictional Fernwood, Ohio, it covers the same crap as other soap operas but uses the correct names, causing TV stations to move it to after 11 p.m.; Louise Lasser (1939-) (Woody Allen's wife) plays pigtailed Mary Hartman, Greg Mullavey (1939-) plays her hubby Tom, Dody Goodman (1914-2008) plays her mother Mrs. Martha Shumway, and Mary Kay Place (1947-) plays her best friend and neighbor Loretta Haggers, who has older husband Charlie "Baby Boy" Haggers, played by Graham Jarvis (1930-2003); at the end of the first season Mary has a televised nervous breakdown on the David Susskind Show, and the show is renamed Forever Fernwood, portraying her as running off with a policeman; on July 24 Lasser is banned from performing on Saturday Night Live after messing up as host. On Jan. 8 Red Chinese PM #1 (snce Oct. 1, 1949) Zhou Enlai (b. 1898) dies in Beijing of cancer, and is succeeded by deputy PM Deng Xiaoping (1904-97), who within 1 mo. is replaced by former public security minister (Mao's designated successor) Hua Guofeng (Hua Kuo-feng) (Su Zhu) (1921-2008) (real name Su Zhu, his assumed name being an abbreviation for "Chinese resistance against Japanese nation-saving vanguard"), who pm Feb. 4 becomes Communist Chinese PM #2 (until Sept. 10, 1980); on Apr. 5 100K fill Tiananmen Square to protest the neglect of Zhou's memory, laying wreaths at the Monument of the Martyrs to commemorate him, along with anti-Gang of Four poems, causing a riot with the pro-Mao crowd; on Apr. 6 Hua becomes first deputy chmn. of the Chinese Communist Party, then after Mao dies on Sept. 9, he becomes chmn. #2 on Oct. 7 (until June 28, 1981), releasing 100K political prisoners, opening the univs. (closed since 1966, and not granting degrees again until 1980) and dealing with Mao's pesky widow Jiang Qing and her Gang of Four; after Mao's death Christian churches reopen - why do they say that ping-pong is the national sport? On Jan. 11 a 3-man military junta headed by vice-adm. Alfredo Ernesto Poveda Burbano (1926-90) takes power in Ecuador; Poveda becomes pres. until Aug. 10, 1979. On Jan. 12 Odvar Nordli (1927-) of the Labor Party succeeds Trygve M. Brattelli as PM of Norway (until Jan. 30, 1981), introducing an official nutritional policy incl. price subsidies and educational campaigns. On Jan. 13 Argentina ousts a British envoy in a dispute over the Falkland Islands. On Jan. 14 Abdul Razak (b. 1922) dies, and on Jan. 15 deputy PM Hussein bin Dato' Onn (1922-90), who is 25% Circassian Turkish becomes PM #3 of Malaysia (until July 16, 1981), later being granted the title "Papa Perpaduan" (Father of Unity). On Jan. 14 (Wed.) the TV series The Bionic Woman, a spinoff of "The Six Million Dollar Man" debuts on ABC-TV (switching to NBC-TV in 1977) for 58 episodes (until May 13, 1978), starring Lindsay Jean Wagner (1949-) as Jaime Sommers, with a bionic right ear, right arm, and legs. On Jan. 15 after she discards her lawyers' insanity defense and pleads guilty over their objections, Sara Jane Moore is sentenced to life in prison for her attempt on the life of Pres. Ford in San Francisco, claiming it was actually her 2nd attempt in 17 days; she is paroled on Dec. 31, 2007 after serving 32 years, never explaining why she did it other than that she was blinded by her radical views. On Jan. 18 the Scottish Labour Party is formed. On Jan. 18 Super Bowl X (10) is held in the Orange Bowl in Miami, Fla.; the Pittsburgh Steelers (AFC) defeat the Dallas Cowboys (NFC) 21-17; Steelers wide receiver Lynn Curtis Swann (1952-), who suffered a concussion a week earlier and spent two days in the hospital performs spectacular receptions, incl. the game-winning 64-yard TD pass reception from QB Terry Paxton Bradshaw (1948-), along with an acrobatic 53-yard 2nd-quarter catch, and becomes the first wide receiver to become SB MVP. On Jan. 21 piano-key-smile Jimmy Carter wins the Iowa Dem. caucus. On Jan. 21 Leonid Brezhnev and Henry Kissinger meet to discuss the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT). On Jan. 21 the Concorde supersonic transport is put into commercial service by Air France and British Airways, with flights between Paris and Rio, and London and Bahrain; both airlines begin service to Washington, D.C. on May 24; no surprise, at 100 passengers max it never produces a profit, and is retired in 2003. On Jan. 23 (Fri.) the musical variety series The Donny & Marie Show debuts on ABC-TV for 78 episodes (until Jan. 12, 1979), starring Mormon sibling pop duo Donald Clark "Donny" Osmond (1957-) and Olive Marie Osmond (1959-); The Osmonds began as a barbershop quartet, and in the 1980s they dabble in country music, going go on to sell 100M+ records worldwide. On Jan. 24 after she delivers the speech "Britain Awake" at Kensington Town Hall in Chelsea, London on Jan. 19, with the soundbyte: "The Russians are bent on world dominance, and they are rapidly acquiring the means to become the most powerful imperial nation the world has seen", Soviet Capt. Yuri Gavrilov coins the term "Iron Lady" for Margaret Thatcher in the Soviet newspaper Red Star, an allusion to Otto von Bismarck's title of "Iron Chancellor". On Jan. 27 the U.S. vetoes a U.N. Security Council resolution calling for an independent Palestinian state and total withdrawal of Israelis from Arab territories occupied since 1967; on Feb. 25 the U.S. vetoes another resolution deploring Israeli policies in Jerusalem and other occupied Arab lands. On Jan. 27 (Tue.) the sitcom Laverne and Shirley (a spinoff of "Happy Days") debuts on ABC-TV for 178 episodes (until May 10, 1983), starring Penny Marshall (1943-) as Laverne De Fazio, and Cindy Williams (1947-) as Shirley Feeney, roommates who work in a Milwaukee brewery; the theme song Making Our Dreams Come True is performed by Cyndi Grecco, while the pair chant: "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, schlemiel, schlemazl, hassenpfeffer incorporated". On Jan. 29 the U.S. vetoes a U.N. resolution calling for an independent Palestinian state. On Jan. 29 the Provisional IRA explodes 12 small bombs in West End, London, injuring a taxi driver. On Jan. 30 Tex. oilman and JFK assassination mystery figure George Herbert Walker Bush (1924-) is named CIA dir. #11by Pres. Ford (until Jan. 1977), replacing William Colby, who was dismissed last Nov. 2; meanwhile Pres. Ford forms the Safari Club, a coalition of intel agencies to fight Communism, using a coalition of countries incl. France, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Morroco, and Iran to do intel ops that the CIA couldn't get away with, organized by French intel chief Alexandre de Marenches; Saudi intel chief Kamal Adham (King Faisal's brother-in-law) turns the Pakistani Bank of Credit and Commerce Internat. (BCCI), into the biggest clandestine worldwide money-laundering machine in history. On Jan. 30 the U.S. Supreme Court rules in Buckley v. Valeo that the 1974 amendments to the 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act limiting campaign contributions are constitutional, but spending money to influence elections is constitutionally protected free speech, and that candidates can give unlimited amounts of money to their own campaigns, causing an explosion in contributions by special interests, favoring incumbents. On Jan. 30 Karen Klaas (b. 1945), ex-wife of Righteous Brothers singer Bill Medley is raped by an unknown assailant, dying on Feb. 4; on Jan. 31, 2016 authorities announce that the killer is Kenneth Eugene Troyer (b. 1946), who escaped from a Calif. prison and was killed in 1982. On Jan. 30 (Fri.) John Goberman's Live from Lincoln Center debuts on PBS-TV (until ?), featuring Andre Previn conducting the New York Philharmonic with guest pianist Van Cliburn. On Jan. 30 (Fri.) Steve Gordon's comedy series The Practice debuts on NBC-TV for 27 episodes (until Jan. 26, 1977), starring Danny Thomas (Amos Muzyad Yakhoov Kairouz) (1912-91) as West Side, Manhattan, N.Y. physician Jules Bedford, who does it for love, and David Spielberg as his physician son David Bedford, whose office is on Park Avenue, and does it for money. On Jan. 31 Ernesto Arturo Miranda (b. 1941), famous from the 1966 "Miranda" Supreme Court ruling is stabbed to death in Ariz.; yes, the suspect is read his rights, and remains silent, then flees to Mexico and is never prosecuted. In Jan. after studies link it to cancer, the U.S. FDA bans coal tar-based Red No. 2 Dye, which has been selling 500 tons ($5M a year), causing food manufacturers to switch to Red No. 40 Dye, which the Nat. Cancer Inst. et al. urge the FDA to ban also; No. 40 is more expensive and isn't as strong, causing chocolate pudding to look greener. In Jan. the entire Picasso exhibit in the Palace of the Popes at Avignon, France is stolen, leading the Internat. Foundation for Art Research to form the Art Loss Register; Picasso becomes the artist listed with the most stolen works. On Feb. 1 the first official U.S. Black History Month is recognized; in Dec. 2005 actor Morgan Freeman (1937-) calls it "ridiculous", saying, "You're going to relegate my history to a month? I don't want a black history month. Black history is American history." On Feb. 1 after a Calif. drought, Marin County, Calif. (N of San Francisco) begins compulsory water rationing, hiking prices 40% on Mar. 1; critics blame irrigation of rice fields. On Feb. 1 fattening Elvis Presley takes his private jet from Graceland to Denver, Colo. to buy the $49.95 Fool's Gold Loaf at the Colo. Gold Mine Co. in Glendale, which is delivered to Stapleton Airport; it consists of a hollowed-out loaf of warm white bread filled with 1 lb. of cooked bacon, peanut butter and jelly. On Feb. 2 Clark Kent-lookng Watergate hero Elliott Lee Richardson (1920-99) becomes U.S. commerce secy. #24 (until Jan. 20, 1977). On Feb. 4 the 7.5 1976 Guatemalan Earthquake kills 23K in Guatemala and Honduras, and leaves 1M homeless. On Feb. 4 a U.S. Senate subcommittee on multinat. corps. announces that Lockheed Aircraft Corp. of the U.S. paid $7M to the Marubeni Trading Corp. and former Japanese PM Kakuei Tanaka (-1993), who is arrested on July 27 and indicted on Aug. 16, the released on a 200M yen bond, but avoids jail by using appeals and claims of ill health, while exercising power behind the scenes for the next decade before being convicted on Oct. 12, 1983 and given a 4-year sentence, which he never serves. On Feb. 4-8 the Twenty-Second Congress of the French Communist Party renounces the idea of dictatorship of the proletariat; meanwhile the 7th French Economic Plan (1976-80) emphasizes computers, robotics, and other new things to alter the old labor equation. On Feb. 4-15 the XII (12th) (1976) Winter Olympics (the games Denver, Colo. didn't want to host) in Innsbruck, Austria make a star out of U.S. figure skater Dorothy Hamill (1956-), whose distinctive wedge-cut hairdo becomes a rage; the Soviet Union wins 13 gold medals, a record for a single country; Sheila Grace Young-Ochowicz (1950-) becomes the first athlete to win three medals in a single Winter Olympics, with a gold, silver, and bronze in speed skating; Franz Klammer (1953-) of Austria wins the men's downhill with an exciting aggressive style. On Feb. 5 the first fatal case of Swine Flu occurs at Ft. Dix U.S. Army base in N.J., 19-y.-o. Pvt. David Lewis of Ashley Falls, Mass., causing Pres. Ford on Mar. 24 to announce a mass inoculation, which on Aug. 12 Congress appropriates $135M for; too bad, it ends up killing more people than the flu does, causing the program to be canceled on Dec. 16 after only six cases of swine flu and 535 cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, 25 of them fatal, lowering public confidence in the govt. and hundreds of lawsuits. On Feb. 5 Pres. signs the the $6.4B U.S. Railroad Revitalization and Reform Act to reorganize and eventually deregulate and privatize (in 1987) 13 bankrupt major Northeast Class-1 railroads as Conrail (Consolidated Rails Corp.), approving its final lines, followed on Mar. 30 by a $2.14B measure to improve rail service on the Boston-New York City-Washington, D.C. line; on May 1 Conrail (founded Apr. 1) begins operations with 88K freight workers on lines previously served by the bankrupt Penn Central, Ann Arbor, Boston & Maine, Central of N.J., Erie Lackawanna, Lehigh and Hudson Valley, and Reading Railroads; U.S. railroads carry only 37% of U.S. freight; Conrail carries New York area commuters until 1981, but they lose money and Congress separates them from the freight operations and turns them over the states, then in 1987 transfers Conrail to the private sector through a stock offering. On Feb. 5 after a dispute over the school athletic team name (Raiders or Rebels), a 4-hour race riot at Escambia H.S. in Pensacola, Fla. involves 2K of 2.5K students and injures 30, four of them shot and the rest hit by rocks and debris, after which crosses are burned on several school board members' lawns, causing the Fla. Nat. Guard to be called in; in the fall term the students pick the name Gators; on July 26, 1977 the KKK holds a rally on school grounds, causing the school board to be reorganized. On Feb. 11 the Org. of African Unity (OAU) recognizes the MPLA govt. in Luanda, causing Jonas Savimbi on Feb. 14 to announce that his forces have moved into the bush to wage guerrilla warfare against it, after which on Feb. 22 Portugal also recognizes the MPLA govt., which establishes control of Angola by the end of Feb. On Feb. 13 Nigerian dictator (since July 30, 1975) Gen. Murtala Ramat Mohammed (b. 1938) is assassinated in an abortive military coup led by Lt. Col. Buka Suka Dimka, and on Feb. 13 Army Brig. Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo (9137-) becomes pres. #5 (until Sept. 30, 1979). On Feb. 15 the 1976 Cuban Constitution is adopted by nat. referendum, and enacted on Feb. 24. On Feb. 19 Iceland breaks off diplomatic relations with Britain over the Cod War. On Feb. 19 Britain slashes welfare spending. On Feb. 20 the NYSE has a record day of 44.5M shares traded. On Feb. 25 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules in De Canas v. Bica that states may ban the hiring of illegal aliens. On Feb. 25 India announces that parents having more than two children will be penalized. On Feb. 25 the three main U.S. manufacturers of sequential birth control pills, incl. Oracon, Norquen, and Ortho-Novum SQ announce that they're withdrawing them from the market after evidence links them to endometrial cancer; they had about 10% of the market. On Feb. 26 Spain withdraws its forces from Western Sahara, and on Feb. 27 it declares independence; Spain retains enclaves in Melilla and Ceuta. In Feb. Mother Jones leftist mag. is founded in the U.S. On Mar. 1 the Independence Day Declaration for Democratization is arranged by South Korean opposition leader Kim Dae-jung, who is arrested and sentenced to five years in prison, changed to house arrest in 1978. On Mar. 1 British home secy. Merlyn Reeds ends "special category status" for terrorists sentenced for crimes in Northern Ireland. On Mar. 2 colorful Labour Party leader George Alfred Brown, Lord George-Brown (1914-85) leaves the Labour Party after the govt. strengthens the closed shop, falling into a gutter in front of newspaper reporters, causing the London Times on Mar. 3 to say "Lord George-Brown drunk is a better man than the prime minister sober." On Mar. 3 Mozambique closes its borders with Rhodesia, claiming that a state of war exists, causing Rhodesian PM Ian Smith to order scores of raids on guerrilla camps there; on Apr. 27 U.S. secy. of state Henry Kissinger visits Lusaka, Zambia, and says that Rhodesia must achieve black majority rule within two years, announcing tougher U.S. economic and political sanctions; meanwhile, on Sept. 24 after Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo form the Patriotic Front in Mozambique, obtaining military aid from China and the Soviet Union, Smith folds and agrees to accept a black-rule plan by 1978, with an interim biracial govt. On Mar. 4 Pan Am becomes the first airline charged with criminal negligence in a crash. On Mar. 4 the Maguire Seven are found guilty of explosives possession, serving 14 years in jail. On Mar. 4 the British Parliament dissolves the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention and retores direct rule. On Mar. 4-8 the Internat. Tribunal on Crimes Against Women at the Palais des Congres, Brussels, Belgium convenes to rag on, er, discuss and publicize crimes against women, incl. lesbians and hos, with 2K delegates from 40 countries, who hold the first candlelight Take Back (Reclaim) the Night March - the candles represent penises? On Mar. 5 the British pound falls below the equivalent of $2 U.S. for the first time; meanwhile the U.S. Mint brings back the $2 Thomas Jefferson bill (discontinued in 1966), printing 400M of them along with 200MI $1 George Washing bill; too bad, people hoard them. On Mar. 5 Britain gives up on the Ulster talks and decides to retain rule in Northern Ireland indefinitely. On Mar. 6 democracy-loving Burmese CIC gen. Tin Oo (1927-) is forced to retire, then arrested and, after street demonstrations against Ne Win, charged with high treason, and sentenced next Jan. 11 to seven years hard labor; after being released under a gen. amnesty in 1980, on Sept. 2, 1988 he becomes vice-chmn. of the Nat. League for Democracy, then put under house arrest and sent to prison for three years. On Mar. 8 Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal (1908-2005) says that he believes that 62 Nazi war criminals are living in the U.S. - Halloween's coming up, this is perfect? On Mar. 8 100+ meteorites land near the Chinese city of Kirin (Jilin) in Manchuria; the largest, which lands in the Haupi Commune weighs 3,902 lbs., becoming the largest stony meteorite ever recovered. On Mar. 9 the Cavalese Cable Car Dsaster in Italy kills 42, becoming the worst cable car accident until ?; there is another at the same location on Feb. 3, 1998 that kills 20. On Mar. 9-11 two coal mine explosions at the Scotia Mine of the Blue Diamond Coal Co. in Letcher County, Ky. kill 26. On Mar. 10 a bus plunges down a mountain in C Escuintla, Guatemala, killing 38 and injuring 14. On Mar. 13 in Calif. a jury convicts four Black Muslims for three murders and four assaults in a total of 23 Bay Area crimes that incl. 14 murders. On Mar. 16 facing 17% inflation and trade union opposition, British PM Harold Wilson resigns, and on Apr. 5 6'1" former foreign secy. Leonard James "Sonny Jim" "Lucky Jim" "Gentleman Jim" Callaghan (1912-2005) of the Labour Party becomes British PM (until May 4, 1979) (tallest PM until ?), becoming the first person to serve in all four of the Great Offices of State (PM, chancellor of the exchequer, home secy., foreign secy.). On Mar. 19 Buckingham Palace announces the separation of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (1930-2002) (younger sister of Elizabeth II) and her husband Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st earl of Snowdon after 16 years of marriage (since 1960), after which she has flings with several men while smoking heavily and embarrassing the royal family - they call it March madness? On Mar. 20 despite testimony by famed brainwashing expert Robert Jay Lifton (1926-) about the theory of "coercive persuasion", newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst is convicted of armed robbery with use of a firearm in the San Francisco Hibernia Bank holdup. On Mar. 24 after getting concerned with what happened to the $60M paid to the Montoneros last year, plus months of lawlessness, a U.S.-backed military junta led by Gen. Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo (1925-) overthows the govt. of Isabel Peron in Argentina in a bloodless coup, and on Mar. 29 he becomes de facto pres. (until Mar. 29, 1981); the junta takes the name of Nat. Reorg. Forces, and stays in power until 1983, promising eventual return to democracy along with economic reconstruction; Isabel Peron is imprisoned for five years and later settles in Madrid; meanwhile the right-wing army is given a blank check to run a Dirty War (Guerra Sucia), causing Argentina to become a living hell for anybody deemed an enemy of the state, and 10K-30K victims to "disappear" by 1983, becoming known as the desaparecidos (the disappeared ones); in May Monica Mignone (b. 1952), daughter of atty. Emilio Fermin Mignone (1922-98) is disappeared in front of his face, and he becomes a leader of the Permanent Assembly of Human Rights and the Center for Legal and Social Studies, which compiles records and files lawsuits to make the govt. accountable; his wife helps Azucena Villaflor (1924-77) et al. found the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Disappeared), which holds vigils near the Casa Rosada pres. palace holding posters with names of the disappeared and the legend "Donde esta?" starting next Apr. 30; too bad, on Dec. 10, 1977 Villaflor is disappeared, and her body not identified until July 2005; U.S. secy. of state Henry Kissinger gave the Dirty War a secret green light? On Mar. 26 Elizabeth II of Britain sends the first royal e-mail. On Mar. 27 the 103-mi. Washington Metro subway system in Washington, D.C. opens with a 4.6-mi. line that grows to 75 mi. by next year, reaching suburbs in Md. and Va.; Chicago architect Harry Mohr Weese (1915-98) designs the stations with soaring vaulted ceilings sans columns. On Mar. 29 the 48th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1975 to United Artists' (Fantasy Films) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, along with best dir. to Milos Forman, best actor to Jack Nicholson, and best actress to Louise Fletcher; best supporting actor goes to George Burns for The Sunshine Boys, and best supporting actress to Lee Grant for Shampoo; "America's Sweetheart" (first Hollywood movie star) Mary Pickford (1892-1979) receives an honorary award for life achievement after not appearing in a film since 1933 and drinking ever since in her bedroom in her Pickfair mansion, her frail appearance and weak voice at her home-taped interview shocking viewers. In Mar. the U.S. withdraws the last of its 23K U.S. military personnel from Thailand. In Mar. Poland increases food prices, which have been frozen since 1971, then on June 25 announces a hike of up to 100% to pay farmers more, causing nationwide strikes and violence, after which on June 30 the govt. flops and rescinds the price hikes, with Communist Party leader Edward Gierek announcing in July that higher food prices are inevitable since Poland's small-plot farms can't keep up with Soviet collectivized farms or Western agribusiness; meanwhile East Germany suffers a drought, later causing a poor grain harvest and food shortages. On Apr. 1 Apple Computer (Apple Inc.) is founded by college dropouts Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (1955-2011) and Stephen Larry "Steve" "Woz" Wozniak (1950-) (a Freemason) to produce 200 units of their Apple I MOS 6502 1MHZ personal computer motherboard with 4K RAM, monochrome display, and no keyboard, which is introduced on Ap. 11 and which goes on sale in July for $666.66; after incorporation next Jan. 3 with $250K in funding by Armas Clifford "Mike" Markkula Jr. (1942-), and paying Stanford Research Inst. $45K for a lifetime license to their mouse technology, they introduce the Apple II, the first serious home computer on Apr. 16, 1977 at the West Coast Computer Faire, featuring color graphics and open architecture for only $1,298, plugging into users' TV screens and storing data on audiocassettes, becoming an instant hit; the first logo shows Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. On Apr. 2 the Khmer Rouge force Prince Norodom Sihanouk out of office and into retirement, and on Apr. 11 Khmer Rouge leader Khieu Samphan (1931-) becomes chmn. of the state presidium of Dem. Kampuchea (Cambodia) (until Jan. 7, 1979), succeeding Norodom Sihanouk as head of state; on May 13 strongman Pol Pot (Saloth Sar) (1928-98) becomes PM (until Jan. 7, 1979). On Apr. 3 the Cesar (César) Award for French film, named after scrap metal sculptor Cesar (César) Baldaccini (1921-98) is first awarded by the Academie des Arts et Techniques du Cinema in the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, becoming the main nat. award for French film; the trophies are his sculptures; in ? the awards ceremony is moved to Feb. The original Dumb & Dummar? On Apr. 5 OCD-suffering billionaire aerospace and movie mogul (non-Mormon) Howard Robard Hughes Jr. (b. 1905) dies intestate on an airplane en route from Acapulco, Mexico to Houston, Tex. of kidney failure, leaving a $2.5B fortune, after which the Mormon Will is discovered at the HQ of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City, leaving it one-sixteenth of his estate (approx. $156M), and another sixteenth to Willard, Utah gas station owner Melvin Earl Dummar (1944-), who claims he found Hughes sprawled on lonely desert road on U.S. Highway 95 about 150 mi. N of Las Vegas, Nev. and took him to the Sands Hotel; too bad, in 1978 it is thrown out of court by a jury, becoming the most contested will in U.S. history (until ?); in 2005 former FBI agent Gary Magnesen pub. a book with accounts of previously silent witneses bolstering Dummar's claims. On Apr. 5 100K people gather at the Monument of the People's Heroes in Tiananmen Square in Beijing to protest the govt.'s actions of removing their wreaths honoring dead PM Chou En-lai, whom the govt. was trying to discredit; at 9:30 p.m. the army cracks down on the stragglers, followed by everyone else who had attended. On Apr. 9 after Libyan dictator Muammar al-Gaddafi supplies the PLO with arms and money, and Israel begins supplying Marionite forces with military supplies and advisors, destabilizing the region, Lebanese ex-pres. Suleiman Frangieh calls on Syrian pres. Hafez al-Assad to intervene to protect Beirut in opposition to the PLO since that's where Syria receives a large portion of its goods from, and after the Arab League approves it, he sends Syrian troops on May 31, which occupy Tripoli and the Bekaa Valley in June; meanwhile on May 8 Ilyas Sarkis (1924-85) is elected pres. of Lebanon (until 1982); too bad, on June 16 new U.S. ambassador to Lebanon Francis Edward Meloy Jr. (b. 1917) is kidnapped in Beirut at the Green Line en route to present his credentials to Sarkis, and later found murdered in PLO-controlled W Beirut, causing all Americans to be advised to leave Lebanon, and a mass evacuation to Syria to begin on June 20; Bahran begins to replace Beirut as the financial hub of the Middle East. On Apr. 13 the U.S. Federal Reserve begins issuing $2 Bicentennial notes. On Apr. 13 Pres. Ford signs legislation extending U.S. jurisdiction over fishing rights to 200 mi. offshore, effective next Mar. 1, and banning fishing of 14 species subject to exceptions in a surplus situation, pissing-off the govt. of Japan, and causing the Soviet Union to impose a 200-mi. limit on Dec. 10. On Apr. 13 an explosion in an ammo factory in Lapua, Finland kills 40. On Apr. 16 India raises the min. age for marriage to 18 years for women and 21 for men. On Apr. 20 the Assoc. for Mormon Letters (AML) is founded by the LDS Church, launching the journal Irreantum in 1998. On Apr. 21 the last convertible Cadillac rolls off the assembly line in Detroit, Mich., becoming the last production model U.S. convertible produced until 1981. On Apr. 21 the Great Bookie Robbery in Melbourne, Australia sees bandits steal $6M-$12M from the Victoria Club on Queen St. On Apr. 22 Pres. Ford signs the Proxmire Amendment to the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, limiting the FDA's authority to regulate dietary supplements, causing a boom in sales. On Apr. 22 Barbara Jill Walters (1929-), daughter of a Jewish New York City nightclub owner becomes the first female nightly network news anchor as she accepts a 5-year $1M a year contract to co-host ABC News, allowing Jane Pauley to take her job at the Today show (until 1990) - she everybody's Jewish mother, and you better listen? On Apr. 25 the 1976 Portuguese Constitution is proclaimed, creating a dual pres.-parliamentary system. On Apr. 26 Pan Am begins nonstop Boeing 747 service between New York City and Tokyo. On Apr. 29 the supreme court of India by 34-1 upholds the right of PM Indira Gandhi's govt. to imprison political opponents without legal hearings; meanwhile opponents charge they are being tortured in jail. In Apr. the French hypermarket chain Carrefour (founded 1963) causes a sensation by stripping brand names off 50 basic food products and selling them as "produits libres" at rock-bottom prices, accelerating the change to a Socialist govt.? On May 4 (6 mo. after death of Generalissimo Franco) liberal-left El Pais (The Country) begins pub. in Madrid, founded by Jose Ortega Spottorno (1918-2002), son of Spanish philosopher Jose Ortega y Gasset; it immediately becomes the #1 selling newspaper in Spain. On May 4 the Laser Geodynamics Satellite I (LAGEOS I) is launched, becoming the first dedicated to high-precision laser ranging. On May 4 a train crash in Schiedam, Netherlands kills 24. On May 6 the 6.9 Friuli Earthquake (Terremoto del Friuli) in Gemona del Friuli in NE Italy kills 989, injures 2.4K, and leaves 157K homeless. On May 9 Baader-Meinhof gang leader Ulrike Meinhof (b. 1934) hangs herself in her cell in Stammheim Prison in Stuttgart after 44 mo. in prison; her burial in West Berlin on May 16 is attended by 4K, many wearing masks or white face paint; the trial of the gang continues. On May 11 Pres. Ford signs the 1976 U.S. Federal Election Campaign Act, amending the 1971 act. On May 14 Neville Kenneth Wran (1926-) of the Australian Labor Party becomes PM of New South Wales (until July 4, 1986); on Oct. 7, 1978 he is reelected in a "Wranslide". On May 15 the UVF kills five Catholic civilians with bomb attacks in Belfast and Charlemont in County Armagh, while the PIRA kills three British police in County Fermanagh, and another in County Down. On May 19 the U.S. Senate establishes Congressional oversight over the CIA. On May 21 a bus on I-680 in Calif. crashes after crossing the Benicia-Martinez Bridge, killing 28 Yuba City High School students and a teacher; there are 22 survivors. On May 24 Britain and France open trans-Atlantic Concorde service to Washington, D.C. On May 24 the Judgment of Paris (1976 Paris Wine Tasting), a blind taste test in the Paris Inter-Continental Hotel sees Calif. wines beat French wines, causing French judge Odette Kahn to demand her ballot back and diss the results. On May 25 Pres. Ford defeats Ronald Reagan in Repub. primaries in Ky., Tenn., and Ore. On May 28 the Medical Device Admendments to the 1938 U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act give the FDA authority to regulate three classes of medical devices. In May after daring to work in poor neighborhoods, Jesuit priests Orlando Yorio and Francisco Jalics are kidnapped by the Argentine Navy, and released in Oct. drugged seminude in a field; future pope Jorge Bergoglio is accused of unspecified involvement in a 2005 lawsuit. On June 1 Britain and Iceland end the 1972 Cod War. On June 2 a bomb goes off in the car of Arizona Republic reporter Don Bolles (b. 1929) in Phoenix, Ariz. as he is investigated gangland connections to dog racing and fraudulent land deals; he dies on June 13; Max Dunlap (1929-2008) is later convicted of hiring two men to kill him. On June 5 Protestant militants kill six civilians and a member of Sinn Fein at Chlorane Bar on Greshan St. in Belfast, and Catholic militants kill two civilians. On June 5 the $100M earthen Teton Dam on the Teton River in Idaho suffers a catastrophic failure as it is being filled, killing 11 plus 13K cattle and causing $2B damage, of which the U.S. govt. pays $300M in claims. On June 13 severe thunderstorms in Iowa spawn several tornadoes, incl. an F-5 that destroys the town of Jordan, Iowa. On June 14 Uruguayan figurhead pres. Juan Maria Bordaberry is ousted by the military, and non-elected puppet Aparicio Mendez (Méndez) Manfredini (1904-88) is installed as Uruguyan pres. #26 on July 14 (until Sept. 1, 1981); under his apparition of menace, the Switzerland of Latin Am. becomes the Torture and Political Prisoner Capital of Latin Am. under Operation Condor, a joint repression program of the Southern Cone govts. of South Am. (Uruguay, Argentina); by 1980 15% of the pop. leaves the country; on Nov. 17, 2006 Bordaberry is arrested for the May, 1976 assassination of two Uruguyan legislators, Senate leader Zelmar Michelini (1924-76) and House leader Hector Gutierrez Ruiz (1934-76). On June 14 Chuck Barris' talentless amateur talent contest show The Gong Show debuts on NBC-TV for 501 episodes (until Sept. 15, 1989 after going into syndication in 1976), hosted by Charles Hirsch "Chuck" Barris (1929-), featuring an absurdist style and humor incl. ridiculous and/or worthless prizes. On June 16 after 10K black students protest compulsory instruction in Afrikaans in school, then go on a rampage, white South African police gun down black schoolchildren at Morris Isaacson High School in Soweto (10 mi. SW of Johannesburg, causing the nationwide Soweto Riots, killing 176 (incl. two whites) and injuring 1,139 (incl. 22 police), after which the language requirement is revoked on July 6; Anglican cleric Desmond Tutu calls for an economic boycott of South Africa, countering arguments that it throws poor blacks out of work with the soundbyte that at least they will be suffering "with a purpose"; in 1985 the U.S. and U.K. cease investments, causing the Rand to plunge 35%; June 16 is later celebrated in South Africa as Youth Day; meanwhile Winnie Mandela is rearrested for violating her banning order and relocated to Brandford. On June 18 after becoming a home burglar known as the Cordova Cat Burglar and the Exeter/Visalia Ransacker and becoming a police officer in the small town of Exeter, Calif. in May 1973, Bath, N.Y.-born U.S. Navy vet Joseph James DeAngelo (1945-) begins raping single women in the Sacramento County area, becoming known as the East Area Rapist and the Diamond Knot Killer until May 1977, graduating to killing couples before almost getting ID'ed and moving to Southern Calif. and attacking his first victim on Oct. 1, 1979, becoming known as the Golden State Killer, doing his last job on May 4, 1986 and eluding detection and capture until DNA ancestory databases are used to ferret him out in 2016; on June 29, 20 DeAngelo pleads guilty to 13 murders and 13 kidnappings to avoid a death sentence; he avoids 60+ rape and 120+ burglary convictions because the statute of limitations has expired. On June 19 King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden marries West German commoner Silvia Renate Sommerlath (1943-); they have three children: Crown Princess Victoria on July 14, 1977, Prince Carl Philip on May 13, 1979, and Princess Madeleine on June 10, 1982. On June 19-July 2 the World Conference of the Internat. Women's Year is held in Mexico City, Mexico; on July 2 the Declaration of Mexico on the Equality of Women and Their Contribution to Development and Peace is adopted by the U.N. Gen. Assembly. On June 20 gen. elections in Italy, with people of ages 18-20 voting for the first time see the Christian Dem. Party win with 38.7%, vs. 34.37% for the Italian Communist Party. On June 22 the Soviet Union launches the Soyuz 5 orbiting space station, which is later visited by Soyuz 21 and 24. On June 23-July 8 the 1976 Great Britain and Ireland Heat Wave sees the hottest avg. summer temperatures in the U.K. since records began, accompanied by a severe drought and constant blue skies from May until Sept., becoming the driest summer until 1995; on June 28 Southampton, England sets a June temp record at 35.6C (96.1F) (until ?). On June 24 (anniv. of the 1571 event) Manila becomes the official capital of the Philippines - I'll file that? On June 24 the U.S. Supreme Court in National League of Cities v. Usery strikes down federal regulation of hours and wages for state govt. workers via the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act; they overrule themselves in 1985 in Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority - take the skinheads bowling, take them bowling? On June 25 the Repub. Action Force attacks the Protestant Store Bar in Templepatrick, killing three Protestant civilians, after which on July 2 Protestant militants kill six civilians and wound three in the Catholic-owned Ramble Inn in Antrim; too bad, five of the dead victims are Protestants. On June 25 the 7.2 Papua Earthquake in West Irian, New Guinea kills 422, incl. 70 from landslides. On June 27 Air France Flight 139 (A-300 Airbus) en route to Paris is hijacked over Greece by 10 members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine to Bengazi, Libya, after which Ugandan dictator Idi Amin invites them to fly to Entebbe Airport outside Kampala, where they demand the release of 53 prisoners being held in Europe, Kenya, and Israel; on June 29 they release 47 women, children, and sick passengers, followed by 100 more on July 1, keeping 98 passengers and 12 crew hostage; on July 4 after pro-Israeli English actress (who converted to Reform Judaism in 1959 to marry Eddie Fisher) Elizabeth Taylor (1932-2011) offers herself as a hostage in vain, Israel's Sayeret Matkal launches Operation Entebbe (Thunderbolt) (Jonathan), a daring dawn mission to rescue the hostages, freeing all but three; Jonathan (Yonatan) "Yoni" Netanyahu (b. 1946), brother of Benjamin Netanyahu is KIA along with 25 Ugandan soldiers and all the hijackers; five commandos are wounded, incl. Soviet-born Israeli comamando Ida Borowicz (b. 1920). On June 28 the first 119 women enter the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colo. Springs, followed by the U.S. Military Academy at West Point on July 7; by 1977 30 women drop out or are dismissed from West Point, causing them to change their criteria for testing, recruiting and training; the AFA becomes the rape capital of Colo.? On June 29 the Repub. of Seychelles in the Indian Ocean gains independence from Britain after 166 years (1810); on Sept. 21 it joins the U.N. In June the Third Cod War is ended after 55 ramming incidents, severely hurting British fisheries based in ports incl. Grimsby, Hull, and Fleetwood; in 2012 the British govt. offers a lame Ł1K compensation to 2.5K fishermen. In June a gang war in Cleveland, Ohio between Irish-Am. gangster (Longshoreman's pres.) Daniel John Patrick "Danny" Greene (1933-77) and the Italian Mafia results in 35 car bombs being set off; too bad, after he attributes escaping several murder attempts to the luck of the Irish, on Oct. 6, 1977 they finally get him leaving from a dental apt. with a you know what; the hitman Ray Ferritto turns rat to save himself from a Mafia contract, leading to the Mafia Commission Trial (U.S. v. Anthony Salerno et al.) of Feb. 25, 1985-Nov. 19, 1986, which indicts 27 Mafia figures from all of New York's Five Families on trial, and ends the Cleveland Mafia, making a star of U.S. atty. Rudolph William Louis "Rudy" Giuliani (1944-); in 1998 former Cleveland police lt. Rick Porrello pub. "To Kill the Irishman: The War That Crippled the Mafia", which is filmed in 2011 starring Ray Stevenson. If you're preggers you can't hyde it from the feds? On July 1 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 6-3 in Planned Parenthood of Central Mo. v. Danforth that a Mo. law requiring a husband's consent for a first-trimester abortion is unconstitutional; on Nov. 8 it rules that a law blocking use of Medicaid funds for abortions is unconstitutional; on Sept. 30 the U.S. Hyde Amendment, sponsored by U.S. Rep. (R-Ill.) (1975-2007) Henry John Hyde (1924-2007) is passed by the U.S. House by a 207-167 vote, barring the use of federal funds to pay for abortions, becoming the first V for abortion opponents since the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision; starting next year language is added to make exceptions for rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother; in 1975 250K-300K U.S. women received Medicaid-funded abortions, which drops to 2.1K in fiscal 1978 and 3.9K in fiscal 1979; on June 30, 1980 the U.S. Supreme Court upholds the Hyde Amendment 5-4; as of 2007 only 17 of 50 states provide state funding for abortions; too bad, the amendment must be reapproved yearly, making it a political football. On July 1 unusually religious Bavarian student Anneliese Michael (b. 1952) dies of starvation after mo. of work by two Roman Catholic exorcists approved by Bishop Josef Stangl. On July 2 the Socialist Repub. of Vietnam is officially proclaimed, reuniting North and South Vietnam, with Ho Chi Minh City (Hanoi) as the capital, and North Vietnamese pres. #2 (since Sept. 2, 1969) Ton Duc Thang (1888-1980) as pres. #1 (until Mar. 30, 1980), and Ho Chi Minh's successor (since 1969) Le Duan (Le Dung) (1907-86) remaining secy.-gen. of the Vietnamese Communist Party (until July 10, 1986); ethnic Chinese merchants in Ho Chi Minh City and other cities resist assignment to "new economic zones" in the countryside. On July 2 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-2 in Gregg v. Georgia to lift the 1972 "Furman v. Georgia" ban on the death penalty in murder cases, but prohibits mandatory death sentences that have no provision for mercy based on the characteristics of the offender; dissenting justices William Joseph Brennan (Roman Catholic) and Thurgood Marshall (black) continue to insist that the death penalty doesn't deter crime and that it is no longer an appropriate vehicle for retribution - can I get a salad with that? On July 3 the summer heat wave in Britain reaches its peak. On July 4 (Sun.) year-long celebrations of the Bicentennial of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (DOI) reach their height, with celebrations and fireworks displays, along with the Italian tall ship Amerigo Vespucci sailing into New York Harbor; a record 10,471 U.S. flags fly over the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. On July 4 the Sex Pistols play in London, with The Clash opening for them in their debut, and punk rock is in with the Brits. On July 4 tall guapo former finance secy. Jose Lopez Portillo (1920-2004) of the PRI (whose own policies have led to 45% inflation, an $18B foreign debt, capital flight and job loss) is elected to succeed Luis Echeverria Alvarez as pres. of Mexico, taking office on Dec. 1 (until Nov. 30, 1982), becoming the last nationalist pres. (until ?); on Aug. 31 after being pegged at 12.5 to the U.S. dollar since 1954, Mexico devalues the peso, allowing it to float, causing it to fall to 20+ per dollar in a few days, hurting mainly U.S. investors in fixed-interest peso bonds, and quadrupling the price of U.S. imported goods; Mexican labor unions call off a strike set for Sept. 24 and accept a 23% emergency wage hike; on Oct. 1 18 internat. banks meet in New York City and arrange a $800M loan to Mexico, reducing its inflation rate to 20% by the middle of next year; after Portillo the presidentes are U.S.-educated free trade advocates, although Echeverria wields power behind the throne with the PRI, secret police and drug cartels, his brother-in-law "Don" Ruben Zuno Arce being convicted in Calif. in 1992 and given a life sentence for running the Guadalajara drug cartel and murdering a U.S. federal agent in 1985. On July 6 Soyuz 21 blasts off with Soviet cosmonauts Boris Valentinovich Volynov (1934-) (first Jewish astronaut) and Vitaly Mikhailovich Zhobolov, docking with Salyut 5; on Sept. 15 Soyuz 22 is launched with cosmonauts Valery Fydorovich Bykovsky (1934-) (who set a solo space flight endurance record in 1963) and Vladimir Aksenov (1935-); on Oct. 14 Soyuz 23 is launched with cosmonauts Vyacheslav Dmitriyevich Zudov (1942-) and Valeri Illiyich Rozhdestvensky (1939-), but it fails to dock with Salut 5. On July 6 the first class of women is inducted at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Md. On July 7 leftist German terrorist Monika Berberich, Gabriella Rollnick, Juliane Plambeck, and Inge Viett escape from the Lehrter Strasse maximum security prison in West Berlin. On July 8 the editor and 200 staff members of the Mexico City opposition newspaper Excelsior (founded 1917) are ousted by the govt. On July 8 Dr. Hannibal "the Cannibal" Lecter attacks a nurse in the exam room of the Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, tearing out her tongue and one eye with his teeth :) (Thomas Harris). On July 10 the Givaudan-La Roche Icmesa Chemical Co. pesticide plant in Seveso (near Milan), Italy spews a thick gray cloud containing dioxin on the town, infecting 1800 acres and killing dogs and farm animals but no humans; the inhabitants are not informed and evacuated until 13 days later, and don't return for 16 mo., suffering from the effects for decades, incl. spontaneous abortion of fetuses. On July 10 three British and one U.S. mercenaries are executed by firing squad in Angola. On July 12 the Goodson-Todman game show Family Feud debuts on daytime ABC-TV (until ?), hosted (until June 14, 1985) by Richard Dawson (Colin Lionel Emm) (1932-), featuring the Moseleys v. the Abramowitzes; "Survey says"; in 2001 a Mexican version called 100 Mexicanos Dijeron (Span. "100 Mexicans Say") debuts in Mexico City (until 2005). On July 14 after Socialists win the parliamentary elections in Apr., Gen. Francisco da Costa Gomes is replaced by Gen. Antonio dos Santos Ramalho Eanes (1935-) of the Dem. Renewal Party as pres. #16 of Portugal (until Mar. 9, 1986) (3rd after the Carnation Rev.) after winning 60.8% of the vote; on July 23 Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (1924-2017) becomes PM (until Aug. 28, 1978) with a weak minority govt., which he makes more unpopular by a strict austerity policy to pay for deficits left by previous govts. On July 12-15 after winning more than half of 30 Dem. primaries, peanut farmer, born-against Southern Baptist, Washington outsider, former 1-term gov. of Ga. (1971-5) (suspected Illuminati?) Jimmy Carter defeats Ted Kennedy to win the pres. nomination by an overwhelming margin on the 1st ballot at the 1976 Dem. Nat. Convention in New York City (1st convention there since 1924), choosing Minn. Sen. Walter F. Mondale as his running mate, becoming known as "Grits and Fritz"; Carter passes over Frank Church of Idaho, who had won primaries in Idaho, Ore., Mont., and Neb. before withdrawing; MLK Sr. (father of MLK Jr.) utters the soundbyte: "Surely the Lord sent Jimmy Carter to come on out and bring America back where she belongs"; "I'll never lie to you," promises Carter, whose campaign slogan is "Not Just Peanuts", making hay of the Watergate scandal and getting both conservative Christian and black support, starting with a 33-point lead over Ford, which shrinks until it's a dead heat as Carter's lack of experience sinks in; the keynote speech Who Then Will Speak for the Common Good? is given by Barbara Jordan (1936-96), of Houston, Tex., who becomes the first black and first female to deliver one; in 1973 she becomes the first black Southern woman in the House of Reps. since Reconstruction, serving three terms until 1979. On July 15 25 school children and their bus driver in Chowchilla, Calif. are kidnapped by three young men, Richard and James Schoenfeld, and Newhall Woods; they are herded into a moving van, buried in a quarry near Livermore, and held for $5M ransom, but the children escape after 16 hours and their captors are captured within two weeks, and are sentenced to life in prison. On July 16-20 Albert "Bert" Spaggiari (1932-89) and his gang break into the vault of the Societe Generale Bank in Nice, France via the sewers, and make off with $60M worth of valuables, leaving the message "Sans haine, sans violence et sans arme" (Without hatred, without violence, and without weapons"); the police catch him in Oct., but he jumps out of a court window and escapes, spending the rest of his life in Argentina after undergoing plastic surgery, while he is sentenced in absentia to life in prison, becoming a French celeb. On July 17 after invading East Timor, Indonesia declares it its 27th province. On July 17-Aug. 1 the XXI (21st) Summer Olympic Games are held in Montreal, Canada, ending up losing $1B; 22 African countries withdraw to protest a tour of South Africa by the All Blacks nat. rugby team of New Zealand; 10 Asian countries withdraw for political reasons; PM Pierre Trudeau bans athletes from the Repub. of China (Taiwan) in favor of the People's Repub. of China, which Canada is making big business deals with; 6,028 athletes from 92 nations compete in 198 events in 21 sports; Queen Elizabeth II opens the games; the Soviet Union wins 47 golds, East Germany 40, the U.S. 34; Michael Leduc (1953-) becomes the first streaker at an Olympic Games, doing it in the closing ceremony, and commenting that he wanted to show the world his beautiful body; on July 18 14-y.-o. serious, unsmiling, robot-like Nadia Comaneci (1961-) of Romania scores a perfect 10 (1st time ever), then scores six more, winning three golds in gymnastics; Edwin Corley Moses (1955-) of the U.S. wins a gold in the 400m hurdles, taking 13 steps between hurdles vs. 14 for everybody else; from 1977-87 he wins 107 consecutive finals in 122 races and sets the world record 4x; Enith Sijtje Maria Brigitha (1955-) of the Netherlands becomes the first black female Olympic swimmer, winning two Olympic medals (bronzes in 100m and 200m freestyle); despite improving his 1972 time by 1.5 min., U.S. marathoner Frank Shorter comes in #2, 50 sec. behind Waldemar Cierpinski (1950-) of East Germany, who sets an Olympic record of 2:09:55; William Bruce Jenner (1949-) of the U.S. wins gold in the decathlon with 8,618 points, which in 1985 are changed to 8,634, taking the event back from the Soviets and making him a superstar, featured on Wheaties boxes, complete with a famous hero shot; when the East German female swimmers look suspiciously masculine, U.S. swimmer Shirley Frances Babashoff (1957-) publicly accuses them of using anabolic steroids, to which an East German official replies "They came to swim, not to sing", causing her to be called "Surley Shirley" and accusing of being a sore lower, until in 1998 it is revealed that 143 members of the East German team took performance-enhancing drugs, and Frank Shorter and U.S. drug czar Gen. Barry McCaffrey work to set up the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) in Oct. 1999, while on Nov. 10, 1999 the IOC sets up the World Anti-Doping Agency; Britain's Princess Anne is the only competitor at the Olympics not required to undergo a sex test? - too bad it doesn't apply to major league baseball? On July 19 Sagarmatha Nat. Park in E Nepal is established, incl. the S half of Mt. Everest; Sagarmatha ("sky head") is the Napalese name for it. On July 21 (sweaty hot weather) Legionnaire's Disease first appears at an Am. Legion bicentennial convention at the Bellevue-Stratford (later Fairmont) Hotel in Philadelphia, Penn., killing 29 by pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacteria lurking in air conditioners; 151 are later stricken, and a total of 34 of 221 affected die; on July 27 67-y.-o. former AF Capt. Ray Brennan (b. 1915) becomes the first to die of the disease, followed on July 30 by Frank Aveni (b. 1916), and six more on Aug. 1, causing an outbreak to be recognized by Aug. 4; the bacterium causing it is identified on Jan. 18, 1977 by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Ga. On July 21 Christopher Ewart Biggs (b. 1922), newly-appointed British ambassador to Ireland is assassinated along with his secy. Judith Cook in Dublin by a car bomb. On July 26 Ronald Reagan chooses liberal U.S. Sen. Richard Schweiker as his vice-pres. running mate, but it fails to woo moderate Repubs. away from Pres. Ford. On July 27 Britain breaks diplomatic ties with Uganda. On July 27 after applying for permanent residence at a New York City police station, John Lennon is issued green card #A17-597-321 by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS); in Oct. 2010 his fingerprint set is seized from Gotta Have It! memorabilia dealer in New York City by the FBI, who claim it's govt. property. On July 28 (3:42 a.m.) the 7.6 Great 1976 Tangshan Earthquake in Tangshan, Hebei, N China kills 242K+ and causes 10B Chinese renminbi damage, becoming the worst earthquake in Chinese history (until ?). On July 29 the first attack by the Son of Sam killer in New York City sees him pull a gun from a paper bag and kill one and seriously one another, launching his year-long killing spree. On July 29 after Aldo Moro's 5th coalition govt. lasts from Feb. 12-Apr. 30, former PM (1972-3) Christian Dem. Giulio Andreotti (1919-) becomes PM of Italy (until Aug. 4, 1979) (his 3rd coalition govt.), forming a minority Christian Dem. govt. after Socialists withdraw parliamentary support; new elections give the Communists several important parliamentary posts; Benedetto "Bettino" Craxi (1934-2000) becomes leader of the Italian Socialist Party (until 1993), kicking out the Commies and changing the hammer & sickle party symbol to a rose. On July 30 the new Repub. Action Force kills five Protestant civilians in a bar in Belvoir, Belfast. On July 31 a flash flood of the Big Thompson River dumps 12 in. of rain in a few hours along Route 34 in the Big Thompson Canyon near Loveland, Colo., sweeping away the community of Drake, killing 143 and destroying 418 houses, 400 cars, and 52 businesses in Rocky Mountain High Country during Colo. centennial celebrations. In July Nigerian pres. (since 1975) Brig. Gen. Murtala Rufai Mohammed is assassinated in a traffic jam in Laos by a group of seven young officers, who fail to seize control of the govt. In July a 3rd coup attempt against Sudanese pres. Nimeiri by former PM Sadik al-Mahdi (1936-) leaves 1K rebels and loyal troops dead in Khartoum; Nimeiri accuses Libyan pres. Qaddafi of instigating the attempt, and breaks off relations, signing a mutual defense pact with Egypt followed by tripartite talks with Egypt and Saudi Arabia. On Aug. 1 Trinidad and Tobago becomes a repub., remaining within the British Commonwealth, with pres. #1 Sir Ellis Emmanuel Innocent Clarke (1917-) (until Mar. 13, 1987). On Aug. 2 after megamillionaire Tex. oilman Thomas "T." Cullen Davis (1933-) is ordered to pay his ex-wife Priscilla Davis (1943-) $5K/mo. in living expenses plus $52K for bills and legal expenses, that night Priscilla and her boyfriend Stan Farr and their 12-y.-o. daughter Andrea Wilborn are attacked in their kitchen by a man dressed in black with a long black wig, killing Andrea and Stan and injuring Priscilla, causing Thomas to be arrested on Aug. 3, becoming the wealthiest man to stand trial for murder in U.S. history (until ?); too bad, his fancy lawyers gets him off because he's so rich he coulda hired a hit man and that provides reasonable doubt, and he goes on to become a born-again Christian and supporter of the right-wing John Birch Society et al. and go broke. On Aug. 5 (4 a.m.) Big Ben in London has its first major breakdown (from metal fatigue), and is reactivated 9 mo. later on May 9, 1977, causing its familiar sound to be missed on BBC Radio 4. On Aug. 10 IRA fugitive Danny Lennon is fatally shot by British troops while driving in his car in Belfast, Northern Ireland, after which it goes out of control and kills three children and critically injures their mother Anne Maguire, who commits suicide in 1980; witness Betty Williams (1943-) and Mairead Corrigan (1944-) (Maguire's sister, who goes on TV a few hours after the incident, becoming the first Catholic woman in Ulster to challenge the IRA) found the Community of the Peace People (AKA People's Peace Movement), organizing a march on Aug. 14 by 10K Catholics and Protestants to the graves of the children, demanding an end to violence in Northern Ireland; after the IRA disrupts it, they return with 35K people, becoming the 1st time that the two Christian sects join in large numbers for peace; Williams and Corrigan are quickly awarded the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize. On Aug. 16 the 7.9 Mindinao Earthquake in the Philippines is followed by a tsunami, killing 8K while temporarily quelling a Muslim revolt. On Aug. 16 the Ramones make their debut at CBGB's in New York City. On Aug. 16 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 394 to admit Seychelles; on Dec. 1 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 399 to admit Western Samoa. On Aug. 18 the Ax Murderer Incident sees two U.S. U.N. Command soldiers killed and eight wounded while trying to chop down a tree obscuring their view in the DMZ in Panmunjom, Korea. On Aug. 19 after suffering the indignity of having to compete with former Calif. Gov. Ronald Reagan (leader of the party's conservative wing), whose campaign causes the term welfare queen to be popularized, and who calls Ford's signing of the 1975 Helsinki Accord "America's stamp of approval on Russia's enslavement of the captive nations, the freedom of millions of people, freedom that was not ours to give", causing Henry Kissinger to call him "trigger-happy", incumbent Pres. Ford wins the U.S. pres. nomination narrowly on the first ballot (Reagan is 117 delegates short) at the 1976 Repub. Nat. Convention in Kansas City, Mo. and chooses Reagan, er, Kansas Sen. Robert Dole for vice-pres.; Repub. Nat. Committee chmn. (1974-7) Mary Louise Smith (nee Epperson) (1914-97) becomes the first woman to call to order a major U.S. party convention; Cary Grant introduces First Lady Betty Ford - they are still satisfied by such tokenism in kinde-kirche-kuche heartland America? On Aug. 20 the Allagash Abductions in Eagle Lake, Allagash, Maine sees brothers Jim and Jack Weiner and their friends Charles Foltz and Charles Rak claim to be abducted by ETs during a camping trip and taken aboard a flying saucer, where they are "probed and tested by four-fingered beings with almond-shaped eyes and languid limbs"; Rak later recants, but the other three stand their er, hands pat. On Aug. 24 the Uruguyan army captures Marcelo Ariel Gelman and his pregnant wife Maria Claudia Gelman, who are disappeared, becoming a cause celebre for human rights orgs. On Aug. 25 Jacques Chirac resigns, and on Aug. 26 Raymond Octave Joseph Barre (1924-2007) becomes PM of France (until May 21, 1981); in Sept. he announces an extensive plan to fight inflation. On Aug. 26 a new 90%-fatal disease called Ebola first breaks out in Yambuku, Zaire, infecting 600 in Zaire and Sudan with high fever and severe bleeding, the two outbreaks being simultaneous but separate, with two distinct virus subtypes. On Aug. 26 Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1911-2004), husband of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands agrees to resign his positions with the Dutch armed forces and industry following revelations that he accepted a $1.1M bribe from Lockheed Corp.; he is not prosecuted after Queen Juliana threatens to abdicate. thousands of feminists incl. original suffragettes; next July 9 a second march draws 100K. On Aug. 26 Quincy Market in Boston, Mass. opens 150 years after Josiah Quincy opened it after being restored by developer James Wilson Rouse (1914-96), who founds Columbia, Md. in 1967 and restores historic districts in other major cities incl. Philly and New York City. On Aug. 30 James Alexander George Smith "Jags" McCartney (1945-80) becomes the first PM of the Turks and Caicos Islands (until May 9, 1980). On Aug. 31 the Index Mutual Fund AKA Bogle's Folly is born when the First Index Investment Trust (later Vanguard 500 Index Fund), founded by John Clifton "Jack" Bogle (1929-) opens for business with $11.3M in assets. On Aug. 31 (Tue.) Tavern on the Green in New York City's Central Park (founded 1913, which has been going downhill until it was called Tavern in the Red) reopens (until ?), becoming a major tourist attraction. On Aug. 31 Alice, based on the 1974 film "Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore" debuts on CBS-TV for 202 episodes (until July 2, 1985), starring Linda Lavin (1937-) as N.J. widow Alice Hyatt, with young son Tommy (Philip McKeon), who starts her life over working at Mel's Diner in Phoenix, Ariz., run by colorful grouchy stingy owner-cook Mel Sharples, played by Syrian-Am. actor Victor "Vic" Tayback (1930-90) (who starred in the film); Polly Dean Holliday (1937-) plays man-eating "Kiss mah grits" waitress Florence Jan "Flo" Castleberry, and Elizabeth "Beth" Howland (1941-) plays scatterbrained waitress Vera Louise Gorman; Martha Raye (1916-94) plays Mel's mother Carrie. In Aug. the Eniwetok (Enewetak) Atoll in the Marshall Islands E of the Carolines (the scene of post-WWII A-bomb tests) is returned to Trust Territory admin. In Aug. South African minister of justice and police (1974-9) James Thomas "Jimmy" Kruger (1917-87) recommends killing anti-apartheid demonstrators at a cabinet meeting. In Aug. Thailand and Vietnam establish diplomatic relations. On Sept. 1 U.S. Rep. Wayne Levere Hays (1911-89) (D-Ohio), chmn. of the House Admin. Committee resigns in the wake of a scandal in which he admitted having an affair with sexretary ("I can't type, I can't file, I can't even answer the phone") Elizabeth "Liz" Ray (1943-). On Sept. 4 The Duchess of Duke Street debuts on BBC-TV for 31 episodes (until Dec. 24, 1977), set in 1900-25 London, based on the late Rosa Lewis and starring Gemma (Jennifer) Jones (1942-) as Louisa Trotter, who works up from servant to duchess and owner of the upper-class Bentinck Hotel on Duke St. in Marylebone, London. On Sept. 4 the daytime game show The Joker's Wild debuts on CBS-TV (until Sept. 13, 1991), starring disgraced TV host Jack Barry (Barasch) (1918-84), and becoming a hit, reviving his career. On Sept. 6 Soviet pilot Lt. Viktor Ivanovich Belenko (1947-) lands his MiG-25 in Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan, and asks for political asylum in the U.S., becoming the first close look Western experts get at the plane; after Belenko is given what he wants along with a nice trust fund, the dismantled plane is returned to the Soviets in 30 crates, freaking them out and causing them to cancel two aircraft carriers so they can spend 2B rubles on countermeasures. On Sept. 6 Frank Sinatra brings Jerry Lewis' estranged partner Dean Martin onstage unannounced at the Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon in Las Vegas, Nev., reiniting them for the first and only time in over 20 years (since July 25, 1956), other than a 15-min. Sands Hotel reunion in 1960; they reunite again in 1989 at Bally's Hotel and Casino for Martin's 72nd birthday. On Sept. 8 The Rise and Fall of Reginald Perrin, based on the 1975 David Nobbs novel debuts on BBC-TV (until 1979), starring Leonard Rossiter (1926-84) as London sales exec Reginald Iolanthe Perron, who suffers from a midlife crisis and arrives at work later each morning. On Sept. 9 82-y.-o. Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) (b. 1893), leader of the Communist People's Repub. of China since 1949 dies of Parkinson's disease in Beijing, ending the 1966 Cultural Rev. and starting a 2-year power struggle; Deng Xiaoping (1904-97) is purged by the Maoist Gang of Four, incl. his widow Jiang Qing (1914-91), and her radical colleagues Wang Hongweng (1935-92), Zhang Chungqiao (1917-2005), and Yao Wenyuan (1931-2005), who are themselves rejected by the Chinese Communist Party as enemies of true Communism and arrested in Oct., then tried and sentenced to death, which is later graciously commuted to 20-life after the crowds have their fun attacking effigies of Jiang Qing in Shanghai. On Sept. 10 British Airways Flight 476 (Trident 3B) en route from London to Istanbul collides with Yugoslav Inex-Adria Flight 550 (DC-9) en route from Split to Cologne in midair over Vrbovec (near Zagreb), killing all 176 aboard, becoming the worst midair collision until ? and the first fatal accident for a British Airways aircraft until ?. On Sept. 10 TWA Flight 355 en route from LaGuardia Airport in New York City to O'Hare Airport in Chicago is hijacked by Croatian separatists Frane Pesut, Petar Matanic, Slobodan Vlasic, and Julienne Busic, landing in Montreal, Canada and allowing some passengers to deplane, then continuing to Reykjavik, Iceland and Paris, France, where they release the remaining passengers and surrender; New York City police officer Brian Murray is killed while attempting to defuse a bomb they planted in a locker Grand Central Station at the Rodman's Neck Firing Range. On Sept. 13 the U.S. announces that it will veto Vietnam's U.N. membership bid. On Sept. 13 after U.S. TV network execs reject it, The Muppet Show, produced by Miss.-born "Muppetmaster" James Maury "Jim" Henson (1936-90) debuts on ITV for 120 episodes (until Mar. 15, 1981), starring Kermit the Frog, Cookie Monster, and Miss Piggy, going into syndication in the U.S. and reaching 235M viewers in 100 countries; the first guest star is Juliet Prowse, about whom Kermit the frog comments "She probably took a big chance coming on with a lot of farm animals." On Sept. 14 after being passed by a Dem.-controlled Congress, the U.S. Nat. Emergencies Act is signed by Pres. Ford, giving the U.S. pres. the power to issue an emergency proclamation subject to limitations; it incl. the power to declare an immigration emergency to deal with an "influx of aliens which either is of such magnitude or exhibits such other characteristics that effective administration of the immigration laws of the United States is beyond the existing capabilities" of immigration authorities "in the affected area or areas"; in 1985 a joint resolution of Congress is given power to terminate the emergency declaration; the power is invoked 42x by 2007. On Sept. 16 the Episcopal Church in Minneapolis, Minn. approves the ordination of women priests and bishops; St. Mary's Church in Denver, Colo. becomes the first parish in the U.S. in modern times to break away over a social issue, reorganizing as an Anglican Catholic parish. On Sept. 16 Soviet-Armenian champion underwater swimmer Shavarsh Karapetyan saves 20 people from a trolley bus that fell into the Yerevan Reservoir in Yerevan, Armenia, becoming a hero; too bad, the strain ruins his sports career. On Sept. 18 NASA publicly commissions the first Space Shuttle, the Enterprise at ceremonies in Palmdale, Calif., attended by seven members of the original Star Trek TV cast while the Air Force band plays the Star Trek Theme - is that like having the Fairy Godmother around? On Sept. 18 a Unification Church Rally at the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. draws 300K; Rev. Sun Myung Moon delivers his U.S. Bicentennial speech "America and God's Will". On Sept. 19 after proposing to give labor unions control of all business within 20 years while continuing to push its nuclear power program, Socialist govt. in Sweden ends after 44 years with the election of a conservative coalition headed by conservative 50-y.-o. sheep farmer Nils Olof Thorbjorn Falldin (Fälldin) (1926-), who becomes PM #27 of Sweden on Oct. 8 (until Oct. 18, 1978). On Sept. 20 Brussels, Belgium opens its first subway. On Sept. 20-21 the 100 Club Punk Festival on Oxford St. in London launches punk rock into the mainstream. On Sept. 21 the 31st Session of the U.N. Gen. Assembly begins (ends Dec. 22); resolutions going back to 1946 stop at #3,541, and are replaced with a numbering scheme consisting of the session and order of adoption. On Sept. 21 exiled former Chilean ambassador to the U.S. Orlando Letelier (b. 1932) (an outspoken critic of Augusto Pinochet) is assassinated in Washington D.C. by a car bomb under orders of Gen. Manuel Contreras (1929-), head of Pinochet's Chilean secret police (DINA); 25-y.-o. Am. woman Ronni Moffitt (b. 1951) is also killed; ex-CIA agent Michael Townley later admits to using anti-Castro Cubans to do the job. On Sept. 21 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. peaks at 1014.79, becoming the highest point reached for six years. On Sept. 22 (Wed.) the crime drama Charlie's Angels debuts on ABC-TV for 110 episodes (until June 24, 1981), starring John Forsythe (John Lincoln Freund) (1918-2010) (who is never seen) as millionaire Charles "Charlie" Townsend, boss of the angels, police academy detectives incl. Lucy Kate Jackson (1949-) as Sabrina Duncan, Farrah Fawcett (Fawcett-Majors) (1947-2009) as Jill Munroe (until 1977), and Jaclyn Ellen Smith (1947-) as Kelly Garrett; the series portrays women as independent and able to kick men's butts without adopting manly muscles or looks; later Cheryl Ladd plays Sabrina's younger sister Kris Munroe, Shelley Hack plays Tiffany Welles, and Tanya Roberts plays Julie Rogers; meanwhile the Farrah Fawcett 1-Piece Red Bathing Suit Poster by Pro Arts Inc., which shows the outline of her nipples and seems to stare directly into her crotch without actually showing anything becomes a giant hit, selling 5M-12M copies; in 2011 the bathing suit is donated to the Smithsonian. On Sept. 23 (Thur.) the First Ford-Carter Debate in Philadelphia, Penn. (first U.S. pres. TV debates since 1960), hosted by Edwin Newman of NBC-TV is marred by a 27-min. sound loss during which the candidates stand silently behind their lecturns, and sees Ford portray Carter as too inexperienced and come out the winner; Carter pledges to end busing for desegregation. On Sept. 23 (Thur.) the period military series Baa Baa Black Sheep (Black Sheep Squadron) debuts on NBC-TV for 36 episodes (until Apr. 6, 1978); "In World War II, Marine Corps Major Greg 'Pappy" Boyington commanded a squadron of fighter pilots. They were a collection of misfits and screwballs who became the terrors of the South pacific. They were known as the Black Sheep"; stars Robert Conrad (Conrad Robert Norton Falk) (1935-) as Boyington, Dennis Dirk Blocker (1957-) (son of Dan Blocker) as 1LT Jerome "Jerry" Bragg', James Allan Whitmore Jr. (III) (1948-) (son of James Whitmore) as Capt. James "Jim" Gutterman, Robert Winthrop Ginty (1948-2009) as 1LT Thomas Joseph "T.J" Wiley', and Lawrence Francis "Larry" Manetti (1943-) as 1LT Robert A. "Bobby" Boyle. On Sept. 24 Patricia Hearst is sentenced to seven years in prison for her part in a 1974 bank robbery; she is released after 22 mo. after receiving clemency from Pres. Carter - what'd he get? On Sept. 24 Washington, D.C. passes a controversial handgun ban, causing constitutional challenges until ?. On Sept. 25 the super rock band U2 is formed after drummer Larry Mullen Jr. posts a note on his Dublin school's notice board seeking members; they settle on the name U2 after discarding Feedback and Hype. In Sept. the U.S. stock market begins a 42-mo. decline of 27%. In Sept. FBI agent Joseph Dominick Pistone (1939-) begins infiltrating the Bonanno crime family in New York City under the alias Donnie Brasco, working undercover for six years before bringing them down, leaving on July 26, 1981. On Oct. 3 (Sun.) the medical drama Quincy, M.E. debuts on NBC-TV for 148 episodes (until Sept. 4, 1983), starring Jack Klugman (1922-) as an LA County medical examiner. On Oct. 4 U.S. agriculture secy. (since Jan. 21. 1971) Earl Butz (1909-) resigns in the wake of a controversy over a racist joke he made: "I'll tell you what coloreds want. It's three things: first, a tight pussy, second, loose shoes, third, a warm place to shit"; since only two U.S. newspapers (Madison Capital Times and Toledo Blade) print the statement verbatim, most Americans are mystified as to why he leaves office so abruptly - a tiny minority of Jewish PC police run the country, duh? On Oct. 4 the high speed (125 mph) InterCity 125 High Speed Train in Britain begins service. On Oct. 6 (after Carter receives coaching from Robert Redford), the Second Ford-Carter Debate sees Pres. Ford put his foot in his mouth with the soundbyte "There is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and there never will be under a Ford administration" in an answer to a question by journalist Max Frankel; he takes a week to concede that he goofed, costing him the election despite a series of TV appearances with retired baseball star Joe Garagiola Sr., with Carter's promise of a full pardon for Vietnam War deserters compared to a conditional amnesty by Ford cinching it in key states; a setup to put the Illuminati into the White House? On Oct. 6 former dictator Thanom Kittikachom returns from exile under the excuse of becoming a Buddhist monk, triggering a student protest at Thammasat U., during which a mock hanging of a student protester uses a photo looking too much like the crown prince, pissing-off the right-wingers and resulting in the 1976 Thailand Massacre, killing 46+; three years of civilian govt. in Thailand ends with a military coup and military rule under the excuse of danger from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia; the constitution and parliament are abolished, and political parties banned; Kittikachom retires from both politics and monkhood. On Oct. 6 a bomb planted by anti-Castro exiles explodes aboard Cubana Flight 455 (DC-8) near Bridgetown, Barbados, causing a crash and killing all 73 aboard, becoming the worst act of midair terrorism in the Western Hemisphere (until ?); the mastermind Luis Clemente Faustino Posada Carriles (1928-) is an anti-Castro Cuban exile living in Venezuela, which imprisons him for nine years, while Fidel Castro accuses the U.S. of being an accomplice to the attack; he escapes in 1985 to El Salvador on a shrimp boat, and moves to Miami, Fla., where he is arrested in 2005, after which on Sept. 28 an immigration judge denies deportation to Venezuela to stand trial after Carriles claims that he once worked for the CIA and would be tortured, and he is convicted in absentia, causing Venezuela to press the U.S. to extradite him back to Venezuela (until ?). On Oct. 7 British rock star Elton John (1947-) gives an interview in Rolling Stone titled Elton's Frank Talk, proclaiming his bisexuality; adverse reaction causes him to retire from performing in Nov. 1977. On Oct. 8 a mad bomber in a light plane buzzes the Piazza Venezia in Rome and drops 500, 1K and 10K lire bank notes on the happy crowds; he is never found. On Oct. 10 Israel signs an accord with Egypt agreeing to withdraw from 1.9K sq. mi. of Sinai territory within 5 mo. On Oct. 10 Taiwan gov. #9 (1972-8) Hsieh Tung-min (1908-2001) is injured by a letter bomb sent by a pro-independence activist. On Oct. 11 the Gang of Four (Chmn. Mao Tse-tung's widow and three associates) are arrested in Beijing, setting in motion an extended period of turmoil in the Chinese Communist Party. On Oct. 12 an Indian Caravelle Sud Aviation SE-210 crashes after takeoff from Bombay, India, killing 95. On Oct. 13 a Bolivian Lloyd Aereo Boliviano 707 cargo jet crashes on a busy street in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, killing the crew of three plus 97 on the ground, mostly children, becoming the worst aviation disaster in Bolivia (until ?). On Oct. 13 the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights pub. the report Puerto Ricans in the United States: An Uncertain Future, lamenting their 33% poverty rate in 1974, highest of all major racial-ethnic groups. On Oct. 15 the Dole-Mondale Debate, the first-ever debate between vice-pres. nominees takes place in Houston, Tex., featuring Dole scoring by noting that all U.S. wars in the 20th cent. were started by Democrats, and killed 1.6M Americans, enough to fill the city of Detroit, Mich.; too, his cold manner causes it to backfire. On Oct. 16-21 the Cincinnati Reds (NL) defeat the New York Yankees (AL) 4-0 to win the Seventy-Third (73rd) (1976) World Series; 2nd straight WS win for the Reds, and a 12-year WS hiatus for the Yankees (1964), causing them to sign outfielder Reggie Jackson, pitcher Don Gullett, outfielder Paul Blair, SS Bucky Dent, and pitcher Mike Torrez to change their fortunes. On Oct. 18 after she bolts for ABC-TV, Jane Pauley (1950-), a weekend anchor on an Indianapolis NBC affiliate for 15 mo. replaces Barbara Walters as co-host of NBC's The Today Show (until 1982); Jim Hartz is replaced by Thomas John "Tom" Brokaw (1940-) (until 1982) - who did she sleep with? On Oct. 19 the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act of 1976 is passed, releasing unpub. materials into the public domain when they reach 100 years old, or when the author has been dead for 50 years; it goes into effect on Jan. 1, 1978. On Oct. 19 the Battle of Aishiya sees a combined PLO-Communist force attack the isolated Christian village of Aishya in a predominantly Muslim area, causing the pop. to flee despite aid from the Israeli military; they don't return until 1982; in Oct. Syria accepts a proposal of the Arab League summit in Riyadh, Saudi Rabia, and keeps 40K troops in Lebanon permanently, ending the civil war for the time being after 35K are killed and show town Beirut is in ruins, after which the PLO begins infiltrating the S, while the Christians control East Beirut and the Christian section of Mount Lebanon, with the Green Line dividing Beirut. On Oct. 20 Mississippi River ferry MV George Prince collides with the Norwegian tanker SS Frosta en route from Destrehan, La. to Luling, La., killing 78 passengers and crew. On Oct. 21 the U.S. Congress passes the U.S. Federal Land Policy and Management Act, repealing a 110-y.-o. law granting right-of-way for construction of roads, ditches, and canals across federal lands not reserved for public uses, while not terminating existing "highways", all in an attempt to redirect the Bureau of Land Management to the multiple use concept. On Oct. 26 Xhosa-click-language-speaking Transkei, AKA Bantustan (pop. 1.3M), occupying three discontinuous enclaves N of the Great Kei River, S of the Umtamvuna River, and E of the Drakensberg Mts. in SE Africa (birthplace of Nelson Mandela) is granted independence (until 1994) by South Africa as a "homeland", with capital at Mthatha (Umtata), and chief Kaiser (Kaizer) Daliwonga ("maker of majesty") Matanzima (Mathanzima) (1915-2003) (Nelson Mandela's nephew, who broke with him over the way for African blacks to achieve liberation, preferring a federation of black states, which Mandela disses as de facto support of apartheid) as PM (until 1979), with his brother George as pres. (until 1979), after which they trade places until Feb. 20, 1986; the OAS and the chmn. of the U.N. Special Committee Against Apartheid denounce the new state as a sham "bantustan", and no other nation recognizes it. On Oct. 28 former Nixon aide John D. Ehrlichman enters a federal prison camp in Safford, Ariz. to begin serving his sentence for Watergate-related convictions. On Oct. 31 a tourist bus and minibus collide head-on near Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, killing 34 and injuring 24. In Oct. the U.S. Gen. Services Admin. opens an environmental demo bldg. in Saginaw, Mich., featuring earth berms to reduce heat loss, double-glazed windows with overhanging roofs, and a solar heating-cooling system. In Oct. New Albion Brewing Co. is founded in Sonoma, Calif. by John A. "Jack" McAuliffe (1945-), becoming the first microbrewery in the U.S. after Prohibition; it closes in Nov. 1982. In the Nov. issue of Playboy U.S. pres. candidate Jimmy Carter is interviewed, and admits to "lusting in my heart", hurting his support by conservative Christians. On Nov. 1 a military coup in Burundi led by Lt. Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza (1946-) ousts pres. (since Nov. 28, 1966) Michel Micombero (b. 1940), and on Nov. 2 he becomes pres. #2 of Burundi (until Sept. 3, 1987); on Nov. 3 he suspends the constitution and legislature and announces that a 30-member 1-800-Stanley-Steamer Supreme Rev. Council of army officers will rule instead, with him as pres.; Micombero goes into exile in Somalia, where he dies in Mogadishu on Aug. 6, 1983. On Nov. 2 in N.J., the "Crossroads of the East", voters approve legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City, N.J., home of the famous Boardwalk and other streets in the game of Monopoly; the first legal in Atlantic City opens next May 26, becoming the first legal gambling casino in the U.S. outside Nev.; Resorts Internat. opens the first casino in a Boardwalk hotel, taking in $2.6M in the first 6 days; N.J. gov. Brendan Byrne utters the soundbyte: "The mob is not welcome in New Jersey" - like it is in Nev.? On Nov. 2 after an apathetic campaign played to an apathetic public, Dems. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter (1924-) and running mate Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (1928-2021) win the 1976 U.S. Pres. Election over Nixon-pardoning Repub. incumbent Gerald R. Ford and running mate Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (1923-); Carter becomes the first pres. elected from the Deep South since the U.S. Civil War; of the 53.5% of the electorate who vote for pres., Carter receives 40.8M popular votes (50.1%) and 297 electoral votes to Ford's 39.1M popular votes (48.0%) and 240 electoral votes, becoming the only pres. elections the Repubs. lose between 1968 and 1992; the Dems. continue to control both houses of Congress; a change of 12,791 votes in Ohio and Miss. would have given Faultily Forgiving Ford the election; after narrowly defeating Bella Abzug (who gave up her seat to run) for the nomination, and being elected Dem. U.S. Senator for N.Y. (until 2000), Daniel Patrick Moynihan resigns his ambassador job, and Scranton Commission guy William Warren Scranton (1917-) becomes U.S. ambassador #13 to the U.N. (until 1977); pres.-elect Carter wastes no time, and appoints black feminist Eleanor Holmes Norton (1937-) as head of the U.S. Equal Opportunity Commission (first woman) (until 1981); Sally Sanford (Mabel Busby) (1903-82), former queen of the San Francisco madames (17 arrests and 4 convictions) is elected mayor of Sausalito, Calif.; she once married the son of a Gump for 6 mo., and places valuables inside her bra, saying "These are the only two suckers I trust". On Nov. 6 Benjamin Lawson Hooks (1925-) succeeds Roy Wilkins as executive dir. of the NAACP (until 1992). On Nov. 10 the Utah Supreme Court gives the go-ahead for convicted murderer Gary Mark Gilmore (1940-77) to be executed, according to his wishes; the sentence is carried out next Jan. 17. On Nov. 14 a bus carrying a muncipal candidate and supporters plunges into a river near Urara, Para, Brazil, killing 38. On Nov. 15 a Syrian peace force takes control of Beirut. On Nov. 15 a bus is swept away by a flash flood into the Tsoaing River in Thaba Pechela, Lesotho, killing 90. On Nov. 18 Spain's parliament approves a bill to establish a democracy after 37 years of dictatorship (1939). On Nov. 18 the U.S. Dept. of Transportation (DOT) orders airlines to muffle 1K noisy planes to comply with new decibel limits. On Nov. 18 after lobbying by activist Arthur P. Mullaney of Randolph, Mass. causes the first Great Am. Smokeout by 600 of 1100 students at his high school, the Calif. div. of the Am. Cancer Society persuades 1M of the 5M state smokers to quit for 24 hours and donate the money to a scholarship fund, with the motto "Light up a student's future, not a cigarette"; it is held on the 3rd Thur. of Nov. thereafter; too bad, after 30 years of not working very well, it is hijacked into a nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) promotion day. On Nov. 19 little rich girl Patty Hearst is freed on $1.5M bail. On Nov. 21 a school bus for plunges into the Rhone River outside Lyon, France, killing 14. On Nov. 22 the women's comic strip Cathy debuts (until Oct. 3, 2010), by Dayton, Ohio-born Cathy Lee Guisewite (1950-), about Cathy, who struggles through the "four basic guilt groups" of life, incl. food, love, family, and work, reaching 1.4K newspapers. On Nov. 24 the 7.9 East Anatolian Earthquake in Van Province in NW Iran on the Soviet border kills 5,291, becoming the worst in the region since 1939. On Nov. 25 (Thanksgiving) The Band holds its farewell concert in Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, Calif., titled The Last Waltz; a documentary dir. by Martin Scorsese is released on Apr. 26, 1978. On Nov. 28 an Aeroflot TU-104 crashes in bad weather 18 mi. from Sheremetyevo Airport in Moscow, killing 72. On Nov. 28 The Brady Bunch Hour debuts on ABC-TV (until May 1977); closet gay Robert Reed dresses up as Carmen Miranda. On Nov. 28 Dallas, Tex. police officer Robert W. Wood is murdered in Jefferson County, Tex., and in 1977 Randall Dale Adams (1948-2010) is convicted on the testimony of 16-y.-o. David Ray Harris (1960-2004), even though Harris clearly did it, but was too young to receive a death sentence, which Adams receives instead after being railroaded by corrupt DA Henry Menasco Wade (1914-2001) (known for charging Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby, and winning a conviction in court against Ruby, big surprise, while, hee hee, Oswald never got to court), scheduled for May 8, 1979 before being commutted by Tex. gov. Bill Clements; on Aug 25, 1988 Errol Morris' The Thin Blue Line debuts, exposing prosecutorial misconduct incl. how Harris was known to have bragged about doing it while Adams wasn't even in their stolen car, getting Adams' conviction overturned in 1989; in 2004 Harris is executed for the murder of Mark Mays. In Nov. Dorothy Schiff sells the New York Post to Rupert Murdoch for $31M, giving him a worldwide empire of 83 newspapers and 11 mags; after his 2nd wife Anna Maria (nee Torv) threatens to leave him, he refrains from putting the usual topless women on page 3. In Nov. Portsmouth, Va.-born fashion designer Perry Edwin Ellis (1940-86) presents his first women's sportswear line called Portfolio for the Vera Cos., founding his own fashion house Perry Ellis Internat. in 1978, along with a showroom on 7th Ave. in New York City, branching into men's wear in 1980, reaching sales of $250M in 1986, becoming known for their menswear collection of "non-traditional, modern classics"; too bad, he dies of AIDS on May 30, 1986. On Dec. 1 the People's Repub. of Angola joins the U.N. as its 47th member under pres. #1 (since Nov. 11, 1975) Antonio Agostinho Neto (1922-79), although opposition forces maintain strongholds in the E and S. On Dec. 1 the Sex Pistols stage a notorious profanity-laced interview with Bill Grundy on the Today programme of the BBC, rocketing generation-busting punk rock over the top. On Dec. 2 dictator PM #16 (since Feb. 18, 1959) Fidel Castro becomes pres. #17 of Cuba (until Feb. 24, 2008) - that's democracy? On Dec. 3 Bobby Marley and his mgr. Don Taylor are shot in an unsuccessful assassination attempt in Kingston, Jamaica. On Dec. 3 after being elected unopposed, European Commissioner for Social Affairs (since 1973) (Ireland's first European Commissioner) Patrick John "Paddy" Hillery (1923-2008) becomes pres. #6 of Eire (until Dec. 2, 1990), going on to earn credit for withstanding political pressure from his Fianna Fail party during the 1982 political crisis. On Dec. 4 dictator pres. #2 (since Jan. 1, 1966) (a cannibal?) Jean-Bedel (Jean-Bédel) Bokassa (1921-96) of the Central African Repub. (CAR) crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of Central Africa (until Sept. 20, 1979) in a $20M ceremony duplicating the coronation of Napoleon - looks like an extra in "Sanford and Son"? On Dec. 8 the U.S. Congressional Hispanic Caucus is formed by five Latinos in the U.S. Congress, Herman Badillo of Bronx, N.Y., E. de la Garza and Henry B. Gonzalez of Tex., Edward R. Roybal of Calif., and Puerto Rican commissioner Baltasar Corrada del Rio. On Dec. 14 the first primetime ABC-TV Barbara Walters Special features Pres. Carter and wife Roslynn, followed by Barbra Streisand and Jon Peters. On Dec. 15 Samoa joins the U.N. On Dec. 15 after its broken gyrocompass, inadequate charts, and unqualified crew come together with high winds and 10-ft. waves, the Liberian-registered tanker Argo Merchant en route from Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela to Boston, Mass. runs aground SE of Nantucket Island, Mass.; on Dec. 21 it breaks apart, spilling 7.7M gal. (180K barrels) of fuel oil into the N Atlantic as lucky winds move the 111km x 185km slick away from resort areas. In mid-Dec. a week before Christmas the 1976/7 Colo. Ski Area Drought begins, closing 13 of the state's 32 ski areas and causing U.S. Sen. (D-Colo.) (1973-9) Floyd Kirk Haskell (1916-98) to hold a press conference to urge Pres. Ford to declare the area a disaster area. On Dec. 16 U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 31/136 is adopted, declaring the year 1976-85 as the U.N. Decade for Women, Equality, Development and Peace. On Dec. 20 Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley dies, and Chicago, Ill.-born Michael Anthony Bilandic (1923-2002) becomes Dem. Chicago mayor #39 (until Apr. 16, 1979), winning election in his own right next June 7, going on to oversee the creation of ChicagoFest on Navy Piere, and participate in the first Chicago Marathon in 1977; too bad, a blizzard in Jan. 1979 that drops 35" of snow in two days shuts down the city, and his lame attempts at dealing with it incl. ordering Chicago L trains to bypass stops in African-Am. neighborhoods in South Chicago anger voters. On Dec. 20 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-2 in Craig v. Boren that the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment bars statutory or administrative sex classifications, incl. different min. ages for purchasing beer. On Dec. 23 the new Murara Volcano on Mt. Nyamuragira in E Zaire erupts; after nearby Mt. Nyiragongo erupts next Jan. 10, it fizzles by next Apr. On Dec. 24 Takeo Fukuda (1905-95) becomes Japanese PM #67 (until Dec. 7, 1978) - sounds like? On Dec. 25 an Egyptair 707 explodes and crashes in Bangkok, Thailand, killing 81, incl. several on the ground. On Dec. 25 100 Muslims returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca die when their boat sinks. On Dec. 26 a fire at a rest home in Gander, Newfoundland in Canada kills 21. On Dec. 30 Dem. N.Y. gov. #51 (1975-82) Hugh Leo Carey (1919-) pardons seven inmates to close the book on the Attica uprising. On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 1004.65 (vs. 852.41 at the end of 1975), an increase of 18%, caused by a Jan. spurt with an avg. of 40M shares per day, and a daily yearly avg. of 21M shares. On Dec. 31 the U.S. Nat. Debt is 35.8% of GDP; after dipping to 32.9% on Dec. 31, 1981 under Reagan, it keeps climbing until ?; by June 30, 2010 under Obama it is 90.5%. On Dec. 31 First Night, a non-alcoholic program of New Year's Eve community cultural events is first held in Boston, Mass. While the Lebanese Civil War rages, Sunni politician Selem Ahmed El-Hoss (Salim Al-Hoss) (1929-) becomes PM of Lebanon (until 1980); the PLO joins the Muslims in Lebanon. Ferdinand Marcos amends the Philippine constitution again to give himself supreme power. Ahmadou Ahidjo of Cameroon outlaws all opposition parties. Venezuela nationalizes 21 oil cos., mostly subsidiary of U.S. oil firms, offering compensation of $1.28B out of an oil income of $9.9B; Venezuela embarks on an ambitious social welfare program. The Malian People's Dem. Union is established as Mali's only political party. Pres. Seyni Kountche installs a predominantly civilian govt. in Niger. Canadian separatist Parti Quebecois leader (since 1968) Rene Levesque defeats Liberal PM Robert Bourassa to become PM of Quebec (until 1985); Bourassa goes into political exile until 1983. The U.S. Congress establishes the Bureau of Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs, later called the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor in the State Dept. Britain passes the Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act, allowing women to obtain injunctions against violent hubbies. The Syrian-backed Marxist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC) (formed in Apr. 1968) begins battling the PLO, until Yasser Arafat patches up their differences, after which a splinter group forms a new PFLP-GC on Apr. 24, 1977 led by Muhammad Zaidan (1948-2004) (AKA Abu Abbas and Muhammad Abbas). The Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami far-right Islamist political party is founded in Bangladesh. The Italian govt. ends its state broadcasting monopoly. The Storting (Norwegian parliament) approves establishment of a nat. refining and distributing co. to market the petroleum products expected to be produced by their new North Sea oilfield discoveries. Violent activity by the Grande Soufriere volcano on Guadeloupe in the West Indies this year and next causes thousands to flee their homes. Mayotte Island in the Comoro Islands in the Indian Ocean (NW of Madagascar), with a Christian majority votes against joining the other predominantly Muslim islands of Comoros and remains an overseas territory of France; next year Mamoudzou becomes the capital. Equatorial Guinea dictator (since Oct. 12, 1968) Francisco Macias Nguema (1924-79) "Africanizes" his name to Masie Nguema Biyogo Negue Ndong, and renames Fernando Po Island after himself, legalizing slavery then hauling 20K from their homes to work his cocoa plantations. In 1976 First Nat. City Bank becomes Citibank, N.A. (Nat. Association). The 1862 U.S. Homesteading Act is abolished, leaving the federal govt. with ownership of all remaining public lands (29% of U.S. territory), incl. 85% of Nevada, 69% of Alaska, 57% of Utah, 53% of Oregon, and 50% of Idaho. The U.S. Census Bureau begins calculating the percentage of mothers of infants working outside the home, which is 31% this year. The Liberty Bell is moved to a special exhibition bldg. near Independence Hall in Philly. Bob Woodward learns that asst. U.S. atty.-gen. Stanley Pottinger has figured out the identity of Deep Throat as W. Mark Felt after he testifies in front of a grand jury and a jury member asks him if he is Deep Throat, and Felt asks for the question to be withdrawn; Pottinger later becomes a bestselling novelist; Carl Bernstein's wife Nora Ephron (1941-) guesses Mark Felt's identity from the fact that Bernstein calls him "My Friend", with the same initials, but despite squawking nobody believes her? Sarah Caldwell (1924-2006) becomes the first female conductor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. The U.S. Marines go coed, and change their slogan from "A Few Good Men" to "The Few, the Proud, the Marines". The word "black" in reference to African-Ams. begins to gain popularity. 1.7M-acre Wrangel Island State Reserve in the Arctic Ocean above the Arctic Circle is established by the Soviet Union, featuring the world's largest pop. of Pacific walrus and highest density of ancestral polar bear dens. SuperStation WTBS in Atlanta, Ga. is founded by Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (1938-). Lucky Goldstar Electronics and Samsung make the first color TV sets in South Korea; Samsung exports its first color TVs to the U.S. next year. Susan Estrich (1952-) becomes the first woman ed. of the Harvard Law Review, after which she becomes the first woman to head a nat. U.S. pres. campaign (Michael Dukakis). The Mountain States Legal Foundation is founded by conservative Coors magnate Joseph Coors to start a "Sagebrush Rebellion" against environmentalists and federal agencies, and also fights power grabs by labor unions, pro-choice groups, minorities, and gays. Asian Women in Solidarity is founded by Japanese feminist Asahi Shimbun journalist Yayori Matsui (1934-2003) to stop the Asian sex tourist trade. The All-Japan Buraku Liberation Movement is founded to end discrimination against Japan's untouchables called the Burakumin, composed of the caste of undertakers, tanners, and executioners. The Nepal Workers and Peasants Org. is founded. After lobbying by insurance cos. who find it cheaper to pay death benefits than years of life support, the U.S. Congress strikes down a federal regulation requiring motorcycle operators to wear helmets; motorcycle accidents kill 3,312 this year, growing to 4,893 in 1979 - it's like a fancy form of Russian Roulette anyway? U.S. Rep. (R-Tex.) (since 1976) Ron Paul (1935-) founds the Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (FREE), devoted to free market economics, the gold standard, limited govt. etc. African-Am. historian Mary Frances Berry (1938-) becomes chancellor of the U. of Colo. in Boulder, becoming the first black woman to head a major research univ.; next year she becomes asst. secy. for the HEW, embarrassing the Carter admin. with comments praising the educational system of Red China compared to the U.S., which doesn't stop Carter from appointing her in 1980 to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission, until Pres. Reagan fires her in 1983, after which she successfully sues to be reinstated. Wrigley Co. pres. (1932-61) Philip Knight Wrigley (1894-1977) establishes the Catalina Island Conservancy, donating most of the island to it. Jewish-Am. anti-war activist Drummond Pike (1948-) founds the Tides Foundation, which ends up as a way for "high-profile individuals to fund extremist organizations by laundering their money through Tides, leaving no paper trail" (Ben Johnson, Front Page Mag., Sept. 2004). Denver, Colo.'s infamous Brown Cloud, caused by temperature inversions from the nearby Rocky Mts. peaks this year with 127 days of unhealthy air quality; by 1990 the carbon monoxide is under conrol, but the air remains dirty until ?. The Opera Theatre of St. Louis opens in Mo., causing the virtual monopoly on summer opera singers of Central City Opera House to end, causing it to suspend its 1982 season as it reorganizes. The 13-part series I, Claudius, based on the Robert Graves novels debuts on BBC-TV, starring Derek Jacobi as lame stuttering Roman emperor (41-54) Claudius, who reviews the soap opera lives of the previous emperors before getting poisoned by Nero's mother. This year and last nine Molniya comm satellites are put in orbit by the Soviet Union. Citizens band radio sales in the U.S. reach 11.3M units ($3B retail). Liz Taylor moves to Washington, D.C. and marries Repub. politician John William Warner (1927-) (until 1982). Atari founder Nolan K. Bushnell sells Atari to Warner Communications and founds the Chuck E. Cheese restaurant chain; in 1984 it enters bankruptcy. BankAmericard (founded 1958) changes its name to VISA (Visa). Philip Morris introduces Merit brand low-tar cigarettes. B.A.T. Industries of Britain is created on July 23 to merge British-Am. Tobacco Co. Ltd. (founded 1902) and Tobacco Securities Trust Co. Ltd. (founded 1928). New York City launches the Greenmarkets farmers market program. After the 1974 Bangladeshi Famine gets him involved in poverty reduction, Bangladeshi economist Muhammad Yunus (1940-) loans $27 to 42 impoverished Muslim women, making a 2 cent profit on each loan, founding Grameen ("Village") Bank in 1983, and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance as a way out of poverty, winning the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. Palo Alto, Calif.-born economist Robert Ernest "Bob" Hall (1943-) coins the terms Saltwater and Freshwater Economics to describe a split in macroeconomics theory since about 1970 between coastal economics faculties at UCB, Harvard U., Yale U., Princeton U., Columbia U., and the U. of Penn., and Great Lakes faculties at the U. of Chicago, U. of Minn., U. of Rochester, and Carnegie Mellon U., with the freshwater school wanting the field to be dynamic, quantitative, and based on interactions between individuals and institutions with emphasis on decisions made under uncertainty, claiming that govt. spending doesn't effectively stabilize business cycles because of market failures, and that the govt. should concentrate on structural reforms rather than discretionary spending while providing a welfare safety net. Perrier Water is introduced in the U.S., reaching $177M yearly sales within 10 years. Project Censored is founded by journalism prof. Carl Jensen as a non-profit U.S. media watchdog to highlight stories that they have sunk. The Please Touch Museum for children is founded in Philadelphia - pedophiles like the name? Swedish #1 dir. Ingmar Bergman (1918-2007) is arrested for tax evasion during a rehearsal at the Royal Dramatic Theater in Stockholm, causing him to have a mental breakdown, spend 1 mo. in a hospital, clear himself, then go into voluntary exile in Germany for nine years, embarrassing Swedish authorities. German violin prodigy Anne-Sophie Mutter (1963-) makes her prof. debut with the Lucerne Festival, followed next year by the Berlin Philharmonic playing Mozart's Violin Concerto in G major at the Salzburg Festival, and her London debut with the English Chamber Orchestra. After a breakthrough performance as Octavian in Strauss' "Der Rosenkavalier" at London's Covent Garden in 1968, New York City-born mezzo-soprano Tatiana Troyanos (1938-93) makes her debut at the Metropolitan Opera as Octavian. Austin City Limits debuts on PBS-TV station KLRN at the U. of Tex., featuring the music of Texas incl. progressive country; in 1977 London Homesick Blues by Gary P. Nunn, performed by the Lost Gonzo Band becomes the theme song. Belgian-born Am. fashion designer Anne Elisabeth Jane "Liz" Claiborne (1929-2007) founds Liz Claiborne Inc. on Jan. 19, becoming a hit selling functional fashionable mix-and-match sportswear clothes for working women; in 1986 it becomes the first Fortune 500 co. founded by a woman; she and her hubby Arthur Ortenberg retire in June 1989 with $100M in stock, leaving 3.4K employees. The Madras Crocodile Bank in India is founded by New York City-born herpetologist Romulus Whitaker (1943-) on the Coromandel Coast as the first of more than 30 reptile centers in India attempting to rescue the crocodile, which had been decimated from tens of thousands to a few thousand. Saul Bellow wins the Nobel Lit. Prize, saying "I loved books, and I wrote some." Jewish-Am. record-film producer Saul Zaentz (1921-) (who owns the rights to the hits of Creedence Clearwater Revival) buys the rights to J.R.R. Tolkien's books "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings", tying them up for decades. English Communist-turned-Socialist historian Raphael Elkan Samuel (1934-96) et al. found History Workshop Journal at Oxford U. to promote "history from below", i.e., people's history. The first Toronto Internat. Film Festival (originally the Festival of Festivals until 1994) in Canada is held at the Windsor Arms Hotel by William Marshall, Henk van der Kolk, and Dusty Cohl, with an attendance of 35K; too bad, Hollywood studios withdraw their submissions, then later change their minds, choosing to premiere films there incl. "Chariots of Fire", "The Big Chill", "The King's Speech", "Argo", "Moneyball", "The King's Speech", "Ray", "American Beauty", "Black Swan", and "The Wrestler"; lacking a jury, it only awards the People's Choice Awards each year, starting with "Bad Timing" in 1980, and "Chariots of Fire" in 1982. The Pushcart Prize is founded by Pushcart Press in Wainscott, N.Y. for the best poetry, fiction, or writing pub. on small presses. ITV Productions debuts the TV series Raffles (until 1977), written by Philip Mackie based on the stories of E.W. Hornung stars Anthony Valentine as Victorian gentleman thief A.J. Raffles, whose cover story is a first class cricketer who lives in the luxurious Albany House in London, and always gets away with his crime; his partner Bunny is played by Christopher Strauli. Gay French fashion designer Jean-Paul Gaultier (1952-) debuts his first collection, becoming known as the enfant terrible of French fashion for his shocking ideas based on street wear, incl. man-skirts and cone-breasted bustiers worn by Madonna and Marilyn Manson; in 2003-10 he becomes the creative dir. of Hermes. Am. supermodel Christie Brinkley (1954-) signs with Cover Girl, renewing for 20 years. LDS Church pres. (1973-85) Spencer W. Kimball finally officially repudiates Brigham Young's Adam-God Doctrine, that Adam is God, with the soundbyte: "We denounce that theory and hope that everyone will be cautioned against this and other kinds of false doctrine"; in 1980 LDS Church apostle (since 1972) Bruce Redd McConkie (1915-85) disses the Adam-God Doctrine in a speech, with the soundbyte: "There are those who believe or say they believe that Adam is our father and our god, that he is the father of our spirits and our bodies, and that he is the one we worship. The devil keeps this heresy alive as a means of obtaining converts to cultism. It is contrary to the whole plan of salvation set forth in the scriptures, and anyone who has read the Book of Moses, and anyone who has received the temple endowment and who yet believes the Adam–God theory does not deserve to be saved. Those who are so ensnared reject the living prophet and close their ears to the apostles of their day. 'We will follow those who went before, they say. And having so determined, they soon are ready to enter polygamous relationships that destroy their souls. We worship the Father, in the name of the Son, by the power of the Holy Ghost; and Adam is their foremost servant, by whom the peopling of our planet was commenced." Denver, Colo. pastor Charles E. Blair (1921-2009) of Calvary Temple, a pioneer in televangelism in Colo. is convicted of bilking investors, mainly church members of $17M in connection with his Blair Foundation and Life Center elderly care facility, which went bankrupt in 1974; no surprise, his adoring congregation continues to support him; young TLW attended his services, smelling a rat and becoming a lifelong village atheist? The Islamic Center of Tucson in Ariz. is founded, becoming a hotbed of Islamic terrorism; its leader in 1984-5 is Wa'el Hamza Julaidan (1958-), who in Aug. 1988 becomes a co-founder of al-Qaida; his successor in 2000-3 is Omar Shahin, who becomes infamous as the Nov. 20, 2006 leader of the Flying Imams. The Islamic Center of Orange County in Garden Grove, Calif. is founded on Jan. 5. The Oyster, a free porno newspaper is founded in laid-back Boulder, Colo. by 1972 U. of Colo. grad Elaine B. Leass (1950-); meanwhile nude bars in Boulder feature real prairie oyster, and the dorms are brothels? - lay what? "Super-absorbent" Luvs brand disposable diapers with elastic gathers are introduced by Procter & Gamble, competing with P&G's Pampers (1961), and later with Kimberly-Clark's Huggies (1978); NASA astronaut Kenneth Buell is featured in Luvs ads. The Joe Kubert School of Cartoon and Graphic Art is founded in Dover, N.J. by Polish-born comic book artist ("Sgt. Rock", "Hawkman", "Tor", "Tales of the Green Beret") Joseph "Joe" Kubert (1926-2012); alumni incl. Amanda Conner ("Power Girl"), Lee Weeks (1960-) ("Daredevil", "The Batman Chronicles"), and Alex Maleev (1971) ("Daredevil"). Sports: On Jan. 4 48-y.-o. kicker ("the Fossil") George Blanda (1927-) plays his last game at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, Penn. in the 1975 AFC Championship Game, kicking a 41-yard field goal for the Oakland Raiders, who lose 16-10 to the Pittsburgh Steelers; in 26 NFL seasons the former star QB completed 1,911 of 4,007 pass attempts for 236 TDs. On Jan. 11 the "Bullies of Broad St." Philadelphia Flyers of the NHL play the Soviet Red Army hockey team and win 4-1 after the Soviets leave the ice for part of the game. On Jan. 27 the 1976 ABA All-Star Game (last) at McNichols Arena in Denver, Colo. sees the first place Denver Nuggets (coach Larry Brown) defeat the ABA All Stars (coach Kevin Loughery) by 144-138 after a record 52 Denver points in the 4th quarter; MVP is David Thompson of the Denver Nuggets; halftime sees the first-ever Slam Dunk Contest, which is won by Julius Erving of the New York Nets with a foul-line dunk, setting the bar for future contests; runner-up is David Thompson; the 1976-7 NBA Slam Dunk Contest takes all season, and is won by Darnell Hillman; the next contest is held in 1984 in Denver, and sees Larry Nance defeat Julius Erving in the final round; Denver goes on to finish the season at 60-24 then lose in the 1976 ABA Finals to the New York Nets by 4-2 on May 13, 1976; starting in 1984 the NBA All-Star Weekend is held every Feb. in the middle of the NBA season, starting with the Slam Dunk Contest, followed in 1986 by the Three-Point Shootout Contest (first winner Larry Bird), always culminating in the NBA All-Star Game on Sun. On Feb. 15 the 1976 (18th) Daytona 500 is won by David Gene Pearson (1934-) (#21) after he collides with leader Richard Petty on the last lap and both start spinning in the grass in the infield in front of the finish line, and Petty's car won't start but his does, becoming the most thrilling Daytona 500 finish until ?. On Mar. 26 the Toronto Blue Jays ML baseball team is founded. In Mar. after winning a preseason exhibition game against the Soviet nat. team by 94-78, the 1976 NCAA Men's Div. 1 Basketball Tournament is won by the Indiana U. Hoosiers (coach Bob Knight) of the Big Ten, who end their season with a perfect 32-0 record (next in ?). On Apr. 13-17 the 1976 PBA Tournament of Champions at Riviera Lanes in Akron, Ohio is won by mustaschioed "Medford Meteor" Marshall Holman "the Poleman" (1954-) of Medford, Ore., who becomes the youngest winner (until ?), going on to become the first PBA bowler to pass $1.5M in earnings. On May 9-16 the 1976 Stanley Cup Finals see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Philadelphia Flyers 4-0; becoming the 7th NHL dynasty in 1976-9; Flyers player Reginald Joseph "Reggie" Leach (1950-) wins MVP despite being on the losing team after scoring a record 19 goals, incl. a 5-goal game against the Boston Bruins, and 80 goals for the season and playoffs, becoming the first non-goaltender. On May 13 the New York Nets defeat the Denver Nuggets 4-2 in the 9th and final ABA championship, after which the ABA-NBA Merger disbands the ABA. On May 23-June 6 the 1976 NBA Finals is won 4-2 by the Boston Celtics over the Phoenix Suns; on June 4 the Phoenix Suns lose 128-126 in triple OT against the Boston Celtics in Game 5; MVP is 6'3" point guard Joseph Henry "Jo Jo" White (1946-) (#10) of the Celtics. On May 30 the 1976 Indianapolis 500 is a 2nd win for Johnny Rutherford (1st in 1974) after rain causes it to end at 102 laps (255 mi.), becoming the shortest Indy 500 (until ?). On June 8 the 1976 NBA Draft sees 18 teams select 173 players in 10 rounds; 6'3" point guard John Harding Lucas II (1953-) of the U. of Md. is selected #1 by the Houston Rockets (#5/#15), moving to the Golden State Warriors (#4) in 1978-81, the Washington Bullets (#5) in 1981-3, the San Antonio Spurs (#15) in 1983-4, the Houston Rockets (#5) in 1984-6, losing the NBA Finals to the Boston Celtics then getting in trouble for drugs in the offseason and avoid being banned by undergoing drug treatment, then moving to the Milwaukee Bucks (#10) in 1986-8, ending up a reserve player in his 2nd season, finishing with the the Seattle SuperSonics (#15) in 1988-9, and the Rockets (#10) in 1989-90, never being named to an All-Star Team, then becoming head coach of the San Antonio Spurs in 1992-3 and 1993-4, the Philadelphia 76ers in 1994-6, and the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2001-3; 6'7" forward Scott Glenn May (1954-) of the Ind. U. is selected #2 by the Chicago Bulls (#17), moving to the Milwaukee Bucks (#7) in 1981-2, and the Detroit Pistons (#24) in 1982; after becoming the leading scorer on the 1976 gold medal U.S. men's basketball team in Montreal, 6'5" forward-guard Adrian Delano Dantley (1955-) of Notre Dame U. (scoring leader in 1974-5 and 1975-6) is selected #6 by the Buffalo Braves (#44), winning the rookie of the year award before moving to the Indiana Pacers (#4) in 1977, the Los Angeles Lakers (#4) in 1977-9, the Utah Jazz (#4) in 1979-86, leading the NBA in scoring in 1980-1 and 1983-4, missing 60 games in 1983 after tearing ligaments in his right wrist, then moving to the Detroit Pistons (#45) in 1986-9, the Dallas Mavericks (#4) in 1989-90, and the Milwaukee Bucks (#7) in 1990-1, going on to work as an asst. coach for the Denver Nuggets, and head coach in 2009-10; 7'0" center Robert Lee "the Chief" Parish (1953-) of Centenary College (nicknamed The Chief after stoic Chief Bromden in the 1975 film "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest") is selected #8 by the Golden State Warriors (#00), who are in decline, getting traded to the Boston Celtics (#00) in 1980 in exchange for the #1 pick which the Warriors use to select Joe Barry Carroll, and another 1st round pick that Boston uses to sign Kevin McHale, both helping Boston win NBA titles in 1981, 1984, and 1986; he then moves to the Charlotte Hornets (#00) in 1994-6, and the Chicago Bulls (#00) in 1996-7, helping win an NBA title in 1997; 6'7" forward Alexander "Alex" English (1954-) of the U. of S.C. (#22) is selected #23 by the Milwaukee Bucks (#22), moving to the Indiana Pacers (#22) in 1978-80 before being traded for George McGinnis to the Denver Nuggets (#2) in 1980, becoming one of the NBA's highest scorers, leading the team to nine straight playoffs before moving to the Dallas Mavericks (#3) in 1990-1; after turning down an offer in 1975 from the ABA Memphis Sounds (Baltimore Claws), 6'8" forward-center Lonnie Jewel Shelton (1955-) of Oregon State U. is selected #25 by the New York Knicks (#?), leading the NBA in personal fouls for two seasons before moving to the Seattle SuperSonics (#?) as their starting forward in 1978-83, and the Cleveland Cavaliers (#?) in 1983-6; 6'4" guard Dennis Wayne "DJ" Johnson (1954-2007) of Pepperdine U., known as a defensive stopper and clutch player is selected #29 by the Seattle SuperSonics (#24), leading them to the NBA championship in 1979 and winning the MVP award, moving to the Phoenix Suns (#24) in 1980-3, and the Boston Celtics (#3) as starting point guard in 1983-90, hooking up with Larry Bird and helping them win two more championships, going on to become head coach of the Los Angeles Clippers in 2003. On June 17 four former ABA teams join the NBA, incl. the San Antonio Spurs, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, and New York Nets; on Aug. 8 the ABA Dispersal Draft for players from the defunct Kentucky Colonels and Spirts of St. Louis sees 7'2" star center Artis "the A-Train" Gilmore (1949-) (#53) of the Kentucky Colonels selected #1 overall by the Chicago Bulls. The original six million dollar man? On June 26 Am. boxer Muhammad Ali fights 6'3" Japanese wrestler Kanji "Antonio" Inoki (1943-) in Tokyo; after 15 rounds the match is declared a draw; Ali makes $6M. On Aug. 1 the new Seattle Seahawks (NFC) NFl football team (only team whose name starts with the same three letters as its city's name) plays its first game. On Oct. 24-Nov. 15 the Against Chess Olympiad in Tripoli, Libya is held by Arabs in protest of the 22nd FIDE Chess Olympiad in Haifa, Israel. Bjorn Rune Borg (1956-) of Sweden wins his 1st Wimbledon tennis men's singles title. The Colo. Rockies NHL team is established in Denver, Colo. (until 1982) after the 1974 expansion Kansas City Scouts relocate; in 1982 they move to East Rutherford, N.J. and become the New Jersey Devils. Bjorn Rune Borg (1956-) of Sweden wins the men's singles title at Wimbledon for the first of 5x (1976-80), winning 11 Grand Slam titles between 1974-81, then getting washed-up at age 25; Chris Evert wins the women's singles title; Jimmy Connors wins the U.S. Open men's singles title. The First (1st) (I) Winter Paralympics are held in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden, later moving to Geilo, Norway. 6'3 Detroit Tigers pitching phenom Mark Steven "the Bird" Fidrych (1954-2009) leads the ML with a 2.34 ERA, wins AL Rookie of the Year, and makes the All-Star team; too bad, he burns out by mid-1977 due to injuries, and wins just two games each in 1978 and 1980 before retiring. Robert Cleckler "Bobby" Bowden (1929-) becomes head coach of the Fla. State U. Seminole football team; after they join the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1991 he goes on to win the AP nat. title in 1993. Former Montreal Royals pitcher (1950-4, 1958-60) Thomas Charles "Tommy" Lasorda (1927-) becomes mgr. of the Los Angeles Dodgers (until 1996). Bold Forbes (1973-2000) wins the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes. Ga.-born rookie Jerome Kendrick "Jerry" Pate (1953-) wins the U.S. Open and Canadian Open golf championships; too bad, he never wins another major championship V. Eagles fan, substitute teacher, and bartender Vince Papale (1946-) benefits from an open tryout for the Philadelphia Eagles set up by new coach Dick Vermeil, and ends up playing with them for three seasons (1976-8), becoming a real-life Rocky story in Philly. James Arthur "Jim" Boeheim (1944-) becomes head coach of the Syracuse U. men's basketball team (until ?), going on to lose the nat. title to Indiana in 1987 and Kentucky in 1996 before defeating Kansas in 2003. The Evil Empire earns its own rep? Victor Korchnoi (1931-) (strongest chess player who never became world champ?) defects from the Soviet Union to Switzerland, saying "Now they cannot force me to lose anymore"; the Soviets respond by holding his family hostage, and they are released only after he throws two title matches to Anatoly Karpov in 1978 and 1981, after Karpov revives the rematch clause, discarded in 1963?; "I know that Karpov could easily have had Korchnoi's family released... He didn't even try" (Gary Kasparov); in 1978 Korchnoi alleges that the delivery of blueberry yogurt to Karpov 3 hours into Game 2 was a code to suggest a move or strategy to him. Spinoff mag. is founded by NASA to brag about its impact on civilian society, e.g., how the Viking Mars Lander program helped improve winter car tires. Architecture: On Mar. 27 the Washington Metro (Metrorail) rapid transit system in Washington, D.C. opens, growing to six lines, 91 stations, and 117 mi. of route. On Oct. 1 1,815-ft. (553.3m) $36M CN Tower (radio/TV transmitting tower) in Toronto, Ont. Canada opens, becoming the world's tallest freestanding structure until the Burj Dubai skycraper passes it on Sept. 12, 2007; its 1,465-ft. (446.5m) public observation deck is the world's 2nd highest; commissioned by the Canadian Nat. Railway to symbolize Canadian industry, it has 1,776 metal steps plus elevators. The Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame is founded in Toronto, Ont. 35-story Bonaventure Hotel at Figueroa St. and 5th St. in Los Angeles, Calif. opens, designed by John C. Portman Jr. (1924-), featuring five cylindrical bronze mirrored-glass towers, becoming one of the top 10 photographed bldgs. on Earth; seen in the 1983 film "Blue Thunder", the 1993 film "In the Line of Fire", the 1994 film "True Lies" (where Ahnuld rides a horse into an elevator), the 1995 film "Strange Days", the 1998 film "Rain Man", the 1995 film "Forget Paris" et al. The Colo. History Museum at 1300 Broadway in Denver, Colo. opens, closing on Mar. 28, 2010; on Apr. 28, 2012 the $111M History Colorado Center at 1200 Broadway opens 1 block to the S as its replacement. 1,098 ft. (335m) Rogun Dam across the Vakhsh River in S Tajikistan is begun, becoming the world's highest dam (until ?); too bad, it is not finished until ?. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Mairead Corrigan (1944-) (Northern Ireland) and Betty Williams (1943-) (Northern Ireland) [Community of Peace People]; Lit.: Saul Bellow (1915-2005) (U.S.); Physics: Burton Richter (1931-) (U.S.) and Samuel Chao Chung Ting (1936-) (U.S.) [J/psi particle); Chem.: William Nunn Lipscomb Jr. (1919-) (U.S.) [bonding in boranes]; Medicine: Baruch Samuel "Barry" Blumberg (1925-) [Hepatitis B virus vaccine] and Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923-2008) (U.S.) [prions]; Economics: Milton Friedman (1912-2006) (U.S.) [prediction of stagflation]. Inventions: In June Wang Labs. begins marketing the multi-user Wang 1200 WPS word processor, followed by the Wang Office Info. System next year, with each workstation powered by a Z80 microprocessor with 64K of RAM. Bausch and Lomb begins marketing Soft Contact Lenses made of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, invented in 1950 by Otto Wichterle (1913-98) of Czech. In June IBM introduces the IBM 4640 Inkjet Printer, which is used only for medical strip charts since it wastes a lot of ink; too bad, the jets clog, but next year Siemens introduces thermal drop-on-demand inkjets that solve the problem, and Canon switches to water-based inks, but it takes until 1984 for Hewlett-Packard to introduce the HP Thinkjet. On Sept. 13 after DeuPont is first confronted with evidence that their product is destroying the stratospheric ozone layer in 1974, the U.S. Nat. Academy of Sciences reports that Freon (CFCs) used in spray cans is depleting the ozone layer of the atmosphere, increasing deadly UV radiation on the ground. In Sept. Sony first demonstrates an optical digital audio Compact Disc (CD), based on Laserdisc technology; on Mar. 8, 1979 Philips demonstrates their own version, and they join forces, and in 1980 produce the Red Book CD standard. The super-hard metal Coromant is introduced for cutting tools. Am. engineer Seymour Roger Cray (1925-96) of Cray Research designs the $5M-$8M 80 MHz Cray-1, the first supercomputer with a vector architecture, using a cylindral shape to shorten component connections; the first unit is released on Jan. 1, and installed at Los Alamos Nat. Lab.; a big hit, 80 units are sold, and it is followed by the 800 MFLOPS Cray X-MP in 1982, and the 1.9 GFLOPS Cray-2 in 1985. Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC) introduces the 32-bit VAX (Virtual Address Extension), the first super-minicomputer, becoming an industry std. for scientific and technical applications. The MOS Motorola 6502 Microprocessor is developed by Chuck Peddle (1937-), costing 15% as much as an Intel 8080, causing it to be selected for the Apple I computer. Japanese ANSA Fone inventor Kazuo Hashimoto (-1995) patents the first Caller ID; he receives a U.S. patent in Dec. 1980. MIT graduate Raymond "Ray" Kurzweil (1948-) invents the Kurzweil Reading Machine, the first "omni-font" optical char. recognition device, which turns text to speech for only $50K; he is bought out by Eastman Kodak in 1981. Am. physicist John M.J. Madey of Stanford U. invents the Free-Electron Laser, which uses a relativistic electron beam as the lasing medium, making it widely tunable, with the widest frequency range of any laser type, from microwave through X-ray frequencies; after Stanford lets him patent it, Madey later gets in a legal battle with Duke U. over the use of his patent for free in basic research, resulting in a 2002 U.S. Supreme Court decision in John M.J. Madey v. Duke U. in his favor that ends the 170-y.-o. practice of allowing scientists to freely borrow patented technologies for limited use in basic research not aimed at commercial use. Michael Shrayer releases the Electric Pencil program for the Altair microcomputer, becoming the first commercially marketed Word Processor; The baking-friendly artificial sweeter Sucralose (600x as sweet as sucrose) is discovered by scientists at Queen Elizabeth College in London, who replace three HO groups in sucrose with chlorine atoms; in 1999 it is introduced in the U.S. as Splenda. The SuperSlurper, a combination of starch and a synthetic chemical that absorbs hundreds of times its own weight in water is patented. The Threshold 600 by Threshold Tech. is introduced, with a 500-word voice recognition capability that takes up to 1 sec. Science: In Jan. in San Francisco, Calif. MIT-trained chemist and venture capitalist Robert A. "Bob" Swanson (1947-99) and molecular biologist Herbert Wayne "Herb" Boyer (b. 1936) found Genentech over a beer, putting up $500 each to found a future $50B co., whose first product is the brain protein somatostatin; in 1977 Boyer et al. describe the first-ever synthesis and expression of a peptide-coding gene; in Aug. 1978 Genentech produces synthetic insulin using transgenic genetically modified bacteria built from individual nucleotides, which wins out over Biogen's approach of using whole genes from natural sources; in 1979 they produce human growth hormone; in 1982 the U.S. FDA approves humulin, the first genetically engineered human insulin. In Mar. the 8.5K-transistor 8-bit 2.5MHz 64K Zilog Z80 8-bit microcomputer chip is introduced, taking over the personal computer market to the end of the decade. On June 19 NASA's Viking 1 goes into Martian orbit after a 10-mo. flight; on July 20 it becomes the first spacecraft to land on Mars, on the W slope of the Plains of Gold (Chryse Planitia), using a 53-ft. diam. polyester parachute, two radar systems for measuring alt., and a primitive computer to guide it to a 6 mph touchdown, and begins sending back the first (B&W) pictures from the surface, incl. the famous Face on Mars Photo on July 31, which on Apr. 5, 1998 is retaken by the Mars Global Surveyor and turns out to not be a face at all but a butte; the last transmission is on Nov. 11, 1982; it pours water on soil to test for life, and reports negative; on Aug. 7 Viking 2 enters Martian orbit, and on Sept. 3 it lands on the rocky Utopia Planitia to take the first close-up color photos of the planet's surface, and also tests for life, coming up negative; it makes its last transmission on Apr. 11, 1980; the 3rd backup Viking lander is put on display at the Smithsonian Inst.; in Jan. 2007 Dirk Schulze-Makuch of the U.S. suggests that Mars life might be based on a water-hydrogen peroxide mix, and that therefore the Viking experiment may have killed any alien microbes by pouring water on them. The beta blocker Atenolol is introduced as a replacement for propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. The anesthetic drug Midazolam (Versed) is introduced, becoming the drug of choice for lethal injection executions. The opioid pain reliever Oxycodone/Paracetmol (AKA Percocet, Endocet, Ratio-Oxycocet) is approved by the U.S. FDA. Am. mathematician Kenneth Ira Appel (1932-) and German mathematician Wolfgang Haken (1928-) solve the famous 4-Color Map Theorem, that four colors can color any planar map; too bad, they used a computer to number-crunch the possibilities, pissing-off some mathematicians while founding the new field of Experimental Mathematics. Soviet scientists in Dubna create synthetic chemical element Bohrium (Bh) (#107) (original names eka-rhenium and unnilseptium) by hitting chromium atoms with bismuth atoms; too bad, nobody can verify their results, and in 1981 a team at the Inst. for Heavy Ion Research (Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt) (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, led by Peter Armbruster (1931-) and Gottfried Munzenberg (Münzenberg) (1940-) synthesizes it, becoming the ones who are officially recognized in 1992; since element #105 was given the name dubnium, the IUPAC goes with the German suggestion to honor Danish physicist Niels Bohr, but shorten the proposed name neislbohrium; Armbruster-Munzenberg go on to discover elements #108-#112. Am. mathematicians Bailey Whitfield "Whit" Diffie (1944-) and Martin Edward Hellman (1945-) pub. the paper "New Directions in Cryptography", introducing the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Algorithm for public-key cryptography; in 2002 the name of Ralph C. Merkle (1952-) is added. K.B. Fraser of Queen's Univ. of Belfast proposes that multiple sclerosis is a viral disease. Czech.-born Am. scientist Martin Frank Gellert (1929-) et al. of the Nat. Insts. of Health discover the enzyme Gyrase that allows double-helix DNA to form supercoils by unwinding it first; after getting around a Nat. Academy of Sciences ban on genetic manipulation of E. coli by using only the nucleotides, on Aug. 28 Har Gobind Khorana of MIT announces the first Artificial Bacterial Gene, which functions normally in an implanted living cell; on Oct. 14 the Internat. Council of Scientific Unions announces the formation of a committee to produce uniform regulations for rDNA research. Am. physicist Douglas Richard Hofstadter (1945-) predicts Hofstadter's Butterfly, a quantum fractal energy structure that emerges when electrons are confined to a 2-dim. sheet and subjected to a periodic potential energy and strong magnetic field; confirmed in 2013. English theoretical physicist Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman "Tom" Kibble (1932-) of Imperial College, London theorizes that long super-thin Cosmic Strings formed after the Big Bang. Kiwi chemist Alan Graham MacDiarmid (1927-2007), Am. physicist Alan Jay Heeger (1936-), and Japanese chemist Hideki Shirakawa (1936-) of the U. of Penn. discover that bromine doping greatly increases the electrical conductivity of polyacetylene, followed next year by iodine, winning them the 2000 Nobel Chem. Prize for Conductive Polymers; in 1978 MacDiarmid, L.E. Lyons, and Sir Nevill Francis Mott (1905-96) create Organic Semiconductors, consisting of carbon compounds doped with oxygen. English amateur astronomer Sir Alfred Patrick Caldwell Moore (1923-) reports the Jovian-Plutonian Gravitational Effect on BBC Radio 2 on Apr. 1 as an April Fool's hoax, claiming that it is causing a noticeable short-term reduction in Earth's gravity, telling listeners to jump into the air at 9:47 a.m. to feel a floating sensation, and receiving hundreds of telephone calls claiming to confirm it. Mentally-ill scientist Eddie Oshins (1937-2003) founds Quantum Psychology, an extension of the Double Bind Theory of Schizophrenia with an explicit "principle of metalogical ambiguity" based on a work on "grey logic" of Soviet dissident physicist Yuri Feodorovich Orlov (1924-) that is smuggled out of his Soviet gulag written on toilet paper. After his 1958 beta-blocker Inderal (Propranolol) is approved by the U.S. FDA, SmithKline begins marketing the revolutionary gastric acid inhibitor Tagamet (Cimetidine), developed by Scottish pharmacologist Sir James Whyte Black (1924-2010) in Britain; Black is awarded the 1988 Nobel Medicine Prize for it and Propanolol; the U.S. FDA approves it on Aug. 23, 1977 after 200K patients in the U.K., Canada, and Mexico receive it. Michael B. Sporn of Dartmouth U. coins the term "chemoprevention". Japanese scientist Susumu Tonegawa (1939-) discovers that genes that produce antibodies move close together on a chromosome, recombine, and split into segments as needed to allow the immune system to adapt and produce millions of antibodies, winning him the 1987 Nobel Med. Prize. Am. scientists Harold Elliot Varmus (1939-) and John Michael Bishop (1936-) discover Oncogenes, genes in normal cells that can mutate and cause cancer. The 108-acre 6K tonne (6M kg) Pando (Lat. "trembling giant") clonal colony of male quaking aspen in the Fremont River Ranger District of the Fishlake Nat. Forest at the W edge of the Colo. Plateau in SC Utah about 1 mi. SW of Fish Lake is discovered, becoming the heaviest known living organism. The first filter-feeding Megamouth Shark is discovered on Nov. 15 off Oahua, Hawaii; by 2009 only 46 more are caught or sighted. The 4.4K-y.-o. civilization of Ebla in N Syria is discovered. Nonfiction: Anon., The Prophecies of Pope John XXIII; pub. in Italy, claiming that he was a secret member of the Rosicrucians since 1935; St. Malachy's Prophecy of the Succession of the Popes calls John XXIII "Pasteur et Nautonnier" (Shepherd and Navigator), the latter being the official title of the mysterious Priory of Sion. Peter Ackroyd (1949-), Notes for a New Culture: An Essay on Modernism. Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), Some Questions About Languge: A Theory of Human Discourse and Its Objects. Uell Stanley Andersen (1917-86), The Greatest Power in the Universe. Maya Angelou (1928-), Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas (autobio.); her failed marriage, and theatrical career. Robert Ardrey (1908-80), The Hunting Hypothesis: A Personal Conclusion Concerning the Evolutionary Nature of Man - so that's why we still wet the bed? Michael J. Arlen, Passage to Ararat; how he embraces the Armenian heritage that his parents had disowned. James Baldwin (1924-87), The Devil Finds Work (essays); blacks in films. Erik Barnouw (1908-2001), Tube of Plenty: The Evolution of American Television. Robert Joseph Barro (1944-), Rational Expectations and the Role of Monetary Policy; integrates the role of money into neoclassical economics, arguing that info. assymetries cause real effects as rational economic actors in response to uncertainty but not in response to expected monetary policy changes. Jacques Barzun (1907-), The Bibliophile of the Future: His Complaints About the Twentieth Century. Petr Beckmann (1924-93), A History of Pi; "By 2,000 B.C. men had grasped the significance fo the constant that is today denoted by pi." Daniel Bell (1919-), The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. Saul Bellow (1915-2005), To Jerusalem and Back: A Personal Account; his 1975 visit to Israel. Carl Bernstein (1944-) and Bob Woodward (1943-), The Final Days. Bruno Bettelheim (1903-90), The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales; fairy tales as character-building for kids. Harold Bloom (1930-2019), Poetry and Repression: Revisionism from Blake to Stevens; Figures of Capable Imagination. John Morton Blum (1921-2011), V Was for Victory: Politcs and American Culture During World War II; "This book is not a history of the American people during the years of WWII... but... it examines selected facets of the history of American politics and culture during those years." Erma Bombeck (1927-96), The Grass Is Always Greener Over the Septic Tank (Aug. 31); bestseller. Lincoln Borglum (1912-86) and June Culp Zeitner, Borglum's Unfinished Dream. Elise Boulding (1920-2010), The Underside of History: A View of Women Through Time (2 vols.); women's "underlife" vs. men's "overlife". Charles Dunbar Broad (1887-1971), Berkeley's Argument (posth.). Harry Browne (1933-2006), Harry Browne's Complete Guide to Swiss Banks. Maurice Bucaille (1920-98), The Bible, the Quran and Science; book by the family physician of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia claims that the Quran squares with Science, promotes the Big Bang Theory, space travel, and other modern scientific breakthroughs, which becomes known as Bucailleism. Gary Carey (1938-2008), Marlon Brando: The Only Contender; bio. of Marlon Brando (1924-2004), revealing his gay side, quoting him as saying "Like a large number of men, I, too, have had homosexual experiences, and I am not ashamed." Anthony Cave Brown (1929-2006), The Secret War Report of the OSS. James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014), Edward Kennedy and the Camelot Legacy (Jan. 1). Phyllis Chesler (1940-) and Emily Jane Goodman (1938-), Women, Money and Power. Fred James Cook (1911-2003), Julia's Story: The Tragedy of an Unnecessary Death. Sara Davidson (1943-), Loose Change: Three Women of the Sixties (Dec. 31); bestseller about three Berkeley, Calif. women. George Dangerfield (1904-86), The Damnable Question: A History of Anglo-Irish Relations. Richard Dawkins (1941-), The Selfish Gene; hardcore Darwinian coins the terms "meme" and "memetics", and disses social biology. John Wesley Dean III (1938-), Blind Ambition: The White House Years (Nov. 8); how rearrangement of offices and furnishings settles scores in the Nixon White House. Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), The Unseen Revolution: How Pension Fund Socialism Came to America. Wayne Walter Dyer (1940-2015), Your Erroneous Zones (Aug. 1); NYT bestseller (35M copies); psychotherapist Albert Ellis accuses him of plagiarizing his Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Occultism, Witchcraft and Cultural Fashions: Essays in Comparative Religions. Richard J. Evans (1947-), The Feminist Movement in Germany, 1894-1933; his dissertation; the reasons that feminism and liberalism failed in Germany while flourishing elsewhere in the Western world. Richard Anderson Falk (1930-) (ed.), The Vietnam War and Internat. Law. Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006), Interview with History; her interviews with Deng Xiaping, Golda Meir, Yasser Arafat, Muammar al-Gaddafi, Indira Gandhi, Henry Kissinger et al. James Fuller Fixx (1932-84), More Games for the Super-Intelligent. Antony Flew (1923-), Sociology, Equality and Education: Philosophical Essays in Defence of a Variety of Differences; The Presumption of Atheism; one should presuppose atheism until evidence of God surfaces? Michel Foucault (1926-84), The History of Sexuality (3 vols.) (1976-84); claims that in the 18th-19th cent. Western identity became increasingly tied to sexuality - be it a human, a figurine, an animal, anything goes? John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), Race Equality in America. Richard B. Freeman (1943-), The Black Elite: The New Market for Highly Educated Black Americans; The Overeducated American; pub. after the premium for a college education falls to less than 50% from 60% in the 1960s, making a degree only a credential rather than proof of a raise in productivity?; too good, it rises to 65% in the 1980s, and to 75% in 1997. Marilyn French (1929-2009), The Book as World: James Joyce's Ulysses. Erich Fromm (1900-80), To Have or to Be?; giving up materialism. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), And It Came to Pass - Not to Stay. John G. Fuller (1913-90), The Ghost of Flight 401; bestseller about the Dec. 1972 Eastern Air Lines crash. Richard L. Gage (ed.), The Toynbee-Ikeda Dialogue: Man Himself Must Choose (July); East meets West in historical approaches; the meaning of life is the infinitely regressive consciousness of the undifferentiated aesthetic continuum? William Howard Gass (1924-), On Being Blue; the "erotics of art" (Susan Sontag) from Platonic blue to blue movies. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), The Jews of Arab Lands: Their History in Maps; The Jews of Russia: Their History in Maps and Photographs. Carlo Ginzburg (1939-), The Cheese and the Worms (Il Formaggio e i Vermi); examines the beliefs of Italian heretic Menocchio (1532-99) using the microhistory approach. Larry Grathwohl (1947-) and Frank Reagan, Bringing Down America: An FBI Informant with the Weathermen; FBI mole Grathwohl exposes the Weather Underground and its goal of "the violent overthrow of the bourgeoisie [and] the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat". Donna Haraway (1944-), Crystals, Fabrics, and Fields: Metaphors of Organicism in Twentieth-Century Developmental Biology. Willis Harman (1918-97), An Incomplete Guide to the Future; revised ed. 1979. Lillian Hellman (1905-84), Scoundrel Time (autobio.); her 1950s experiences with HUAC sans her support of Stalin; sues Mary McCarthy for libel for saying that "every word she writes is a lie, incl. 'and' and 'the'", but dies in 1984 before it comes to trial. Michel Henry (1922-2002), Marx (2 vols.). Charles Higham (1931-2012), Charles Laughton: An Intimate Biography. Dick Higgins (1938-98), A Dialectic of Centuries: Notes Towards a Theory of the New Arts. Gilbert Highet (1906-78), The Immortal Profession: The Joys of Teaching and Learning. E.D. Hirsch Jr. (1928-), The Aims of Interpretation; disses the New Criticism and calls for a multidsciplinary humanistic approach; critics have an ethical obligation to respect the author's intention? Shere Hite (1942-), The Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality; bestseller a la Masters and Johnson and Kinsey based on surveys of 1,844 women. Edward Hoagland (1932-), Red Wolves and Black Bears. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Satellite Spies: The Frightening Impact of a New Technology: An Investigation. Xaviera Hollander (1943-), Supersex: Her Personal Techniques for Total Lovemaking; the joys of uninhibited unprotected sex in the era before AIDS; Dutch treat? Paul Horgan (1903-95), Lamy of Santa Fe: His Life and Times (Pulitzer Prize); Santa Fe archbishop #1 Jean-Baptiste Lamy (1814-88), who was against slavery, and was the subject of Willa Cather's 1927 novel "Death Comes for the Archbishop". David Joel Horowitz (1939-) and Peter Collier, The Rockefellers: An American Dynasty (Feb. 29). A.E. Hotchner (1920-), Doris Day: Her Own Story. Irving Howe (1920-93) and Kenneth Libo, World of Our Fathers: The Journey of the East European Jews to America and the Life They Found and Made; bestseller about Eastern European Jewish immigrants in the U.S. Irving Howe (1920-93) and Matityahu Peled, New Perspectives: The Diaspora and Israel. Christopher Isherwood (1904-86), Christopher and His Kind (autobio.); his gay experiences from 1929-39 in Germany and the U.S.; becomes a gay hit. Leon Jaworski (1905-82), The Right and the Power: The Prosecution of Watergate. Julian Jaynes (1920-97), The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind; argues that until about 1,000 B.C.E. humans had no meta-awareness, i.e., awareness of awareness, but instead had a Bicameral Mind where neural activity in the dominant left hemisphere is modulated by auditory verbal hallucinations from the silent right hemisphere, which are taken as the voice of a chieftain or god and obeyed without question. Michael Jensen (1939-) and William H. Meckling (1921-98), Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure; treats public corporations as ownerless entities made up only of contractual relationships, causing widespread use of stock options for executive compensation. Merrill Jensen (1905-80), Robert A. Becker, and Gordon DenBoer (eds.), The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections, 1788-1790 (1976-89). James Jones (1921-77), WW II (last work). Carl Jurgens (1915-82), And Not a Bit Wise (autobio.). Pauline Kael (1919-2001), Reeling; New Yorker reviews from Sept. 1972 to May 1975, incl. "Last Tango in Paris", "Mean Streets", "Nashville", "The Godfather Part II", and "Shampoo". Bill Kaysing (1922-2005), We Never Went to the Moon: America's Thirty Billion Dollar Swindle (June 3); launches the Faked Apollo Moon Landings Conspiracy Theory. Herman Kahn (1922-83), William Brown, and Leon Martel, The Next 200 Years: A Scenario for America and the World; optimistic predictions based on the boundless potential of technology unleashed by capitalism; correctly predicts the economic rise of South Korea by 2000. Ryszard Kapuscinski (1932-2007), Another Day of Life; the Angolan Civil War. Sir John Keegan (1934-), The Face of Battle: A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme (Jan. 27); repub. in 1998 as "The Illustrated Face of Battle" - a vicious dog bears down and attacks a neighbor, that don't impress me much? Maxine Hong Kingston (1940-), The Woman Warror: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts; her childhood in Stockton, Calif. Richard Kluger (1934-), Simple Justice. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and Its Heritage; Ashkenazi Jews are descendants of the Huns, who became the Khazars?; "Should this theory be confirmed, the term 'anti-Semitism' would become void of meaning." Ron Kovic (1946-), Born on the Fourth of July (autobio.); filmed in 1989 by Oliver Stone starring Tom Cruise. Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986), Krishnamurti's Notebook. Louis Kronenberger (1904-80), Oscar Wilde. Beverly LaHaye (1929-), The Spirit-Controlled Woman; using the Bible to seek spirituality; "All married women are capable of orgasmic ecstasy. No Christian woman should settle for less"; "The woman who is truly Spirit-filled will want to be totally submissive to her husband... This is a truly liberated woman. Submission is God's design for women." Beverly LaHaye (1929-) and Tim LaHaye (1926-), The Act of Marriage: The Beauty of Sexual Love; Christian marital sex; sells 2.5M copies. Joseph P. Lash (1909-87), Roosevelt and Churchill, 1939-1941: The Partnership That Saved the West. Edna Lewis (1917-2006), The Taste of Country Cooking; renews interest in Southern cuisine, making her one of the first famous black chefs - come and do the mashed sweet potato? Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), Life of the Self: Toward a New Psychology. John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001) and Antoinetta Lilly, The Dyadic Cyclone. Robert E. Lucas Jr. (1937-), Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique; gives the Lucas Critique of Macroeconomic Policymaking, to the effect that large-scale macroeconometric models based on aggregated historical data that are not structural (policy-invariant) can't be used to predict the effects of change in economic policy. Anthony J. Lukas, Nightmare: The Underside of the Nixon Years. Edward N. Luttwak (1942-), The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire from the First Century AD to the Third; pisses-off historians, who consider him an outsider trying to upstage them; first in a series incl. "The Grand Strategy of the Soviet Union" (1983), "The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire" (2009). Loretta Lynn (1932-) and George Vecsey (1939-), Coal Miner's Daughter (autobio.); filmed in 1980 starring Sissy Spacek. John Edward Mack (1929-2004), A Prince of Our Disorder: The Life of T.E. Lawrence (Pulitzer Prize); a psychiatrist analyzes his inner life incl. his sexual flagellation fetish. Sir Fitzroy MacLean (1911-96), To Caucasus: The End of All the Earth. Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), Peter the Second. Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), A World Federation of Cultures: An African Perspective. James D. McCawley (1938-99), Notes from the Linguistic Underground. Joe McGinniss (1942-), Heroes; bestselling hero search the U.S. for heroes, and ends up examining his egocentric alcoholic life. Ed McMahon (1923-), Here's Ed (autobio.). Kenneth Minogue (1930-2013), Contemporary Political Philosophers. Ellen Moers (1929-79), Literary Women: The Great Writers; incl. Jane Austen (1775-1817), George Sand (1804-76), Colette (1873-1954), Simone Weil (1909-43), Virginia Woolf (1882-1941); coins the terms "literary feminism" and "heroinism". John T. Molloy, Dress for Success; launches the dress-for-success look of 3-piece power suits and French cuff shirts, which ends up complimenting the Miami Vice look of pastel T-shirts under dinner jackets for after dark? N. Scott Momaday (1934-), The Names: A Memoir (autobio.); his Native Am. upbringing in Okla. Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), The World Before; claims to channel ancient Atlantis and Mu. Edmund Sears Morgan (1916-2013), The Meaning of Independence: John Adams, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson. Marabel Morgan (1937-), Total Joy. Elting Elmore Morison (1909-95) and Elizabeth Forbes Morison, New Hampshire: A Bicentennial History. Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), Oscar Wilde. Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), A Third Testament: A Modern Pilgrim Explores the Spiritual Wanderings of Augustine, Blake, Pascal, Tolstoy, Bonhoeffer, Kierkegaard, and Dostoevsky. Albert Murray (1916-), Stomping the Blues; jazz aesthetics. Joseph Needham (1900-95), Moulds of Understanding: A Pattern of Natural Philosophy. Aryeh Neier (1979-), Crime and Punishment: A Radical Solution. Ulric Neisser (1928-2012), Cognition and Reality: Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology; criticizes the linear programming model of cognitive psychology. Michael Novak (1933-), The Joy of Sports: End Zones, Bases, Baskets, Balls, and the Consecration of the American Spirit. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), Pablo Ruiz Picasso. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Mother Ireland: A Memoir. Robert Evan Ornstein (1942-), The Mind Field: A Personal Essay. David M. Oshinsky (1944-), Senator Joseph McCarthy and the American Labor Movement (first book). Cynthia Ozick (1928-), Bloodshed and Three Novellas. Lowell Ponte (1946-), The Cooling: Has the Next Ice Age Already Begun? Can We Survive It?; foreword by U.S. Sen. Claiborne Pell and preface by U. of Wisc. climatologist Reid A. Bryson; becomes a hit and goes through five printings; warns that global cooling is going to be "the primary cause of world food shortages" as a new ice age lasting from 200-10K years results in "rivers of solid ice again as far south as Yosemite in California and Cincinnati, Ohio", claiming that scientists have proposed 60 theories to explain it; he proposes a manmade space heater pointed toward Earth in order to "convert the American southwestern deserts into verdant green valleys" and "stave off world famine". Laurens van der Post (1906-96), Jung and the Story of Our Time; his South African writer friend. William C. Paddock (1922-2008), Time of Famines: America and the World Food Crises - if you can't invent a bestselling diet, try going Malthusian? Robert R. Parrish (1916-95), Growing Up in Hollywood (autobio). Richard Pipes (1923-2018), Soviet Strategy in Europe. Michael I. Posner (1936-), Chronometric Explorations of Mind; applies Franciscus Donders' Subtractive Method to study attention and memory. David Morris Potter (1910-71), Freedom and Its Limitations in American Life (posth.); The Impending Crisis, 1848-1961 (posth.) (Pulitzer Prize); the origins of the U.S. Civil War from a Consensus history viewpoint; ed. by Don Edward Fehrenbacher. Karl H. Pribram (1919-), Freud's "Project" Re-Assessed: Preface to Contemporary Cognitive Theory and Neuropsychology. James Randi (1928-) and Bert Randolph Sugar (1937-), Houdini: His Life and Art. Marcus Raskin (1934-), The American Political Deadlock: Colloquium on Latin America and the United States: Present and Future of their Economic and Political Relations. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution; claims the the social institution of motherhood is a male conspiracy to keep them under their thumbs; "Probably there is nothing in human nature more resonant with charges than the flow of energy between two biologically alike bodies, one of which has lain in amniotic bliss inside the other, one of which has labored to give birth to the other. The materials are here for the deepest mutuality and the most painful estrangement." Robert Roberts (1905-79), A Ragged Schooling: Growing Up in the Classic Slum (autobio.); more about his miserable life in Salford, England. Henry Rosovsky (1927-) and H. Patrick (eds.), Asia's New Giant: How the Japanese Economy Works. Jerry Rubin (1938-94), Don't Trust Anyone Over 30 - that would be anybody born before the Baby Boomer Generation of 1946? Kamal Salibi (1929-2011), Crossroads to Civil War: Lebanon 1958-1976. Mark Ivor Satin (1946-), Confessions of a Young Exile; his Vietnam War draft deserter days in Canada (1964-6). Jonathan Schell, The Time of Illusion; the 1960s Vietnam War era. Orville Hickok Schell (1940-), The Town That Fought to Save Itself; counterculture activist efforts to thwart private property development in the San Francisco suburb of Bolinas, where he has a farm. Irwin Schiff (1928-), The Biggest Con: How the Government is Fleecing You. Helen Schucman (1909-81) and William Thetford (1923-88), A Course in Miracles (3 vols.) (1975?); bestseller (2M copies), based on her alleged channeling of Jesus; based on Christian Science, it becomes the Bible for the Foundation for Inner Peace, founded in N.Y. in 1972; it is criticized by Christians as a heresy that dismisses the Devil, Hell, and sin, and makes Christ only the first "brother" that became aware; "This is a course in miracles, please take notes"; "The exercises teach sin is not real, and all that you believe must come from sin will never happen, for it has no cause. Accept Atonement with an open mind, which cherishes no lingering belief that you have made a devil of God's Son. There is no sin. We practice with this thought as often as we can today, because it is the basis for today's idea"; "A universal theology is impossible, but a universal experience is not only possible but necessary"; "Nothing real can be threatened. Nothing unreal exists. Herein lies the peace of God"; "Sin is defined as 'lack of love'. Since love is all there is, sin in the sight of the Holy Spirit is a mistake to be corrected, rather than an evil to be punished"; "The opposite of seeing through the body's eyes is the vision of Christ, which reflects strength rather than weakness, unity rather than separation, and love rather than fear. The opposite of hearing through the body's ears is communication through the Voice for God, the Holy Spirit, which abides in each of us"; "Forgiveness is unknown in Heaven, where the need for it would be inconceivable. However, in this world forgiveness is a necessary correction for all the mistakes that we have made. To offer forgiveness if the only way for us to have it, for it reflects the law of Heaven that giving and receiving are the same. Heaven is the natural state of all the Sons of God as He created them. Such is their reality forever. It has not changed because it has been forgotten. Forgiveness is the means by which we will remember. Through forgiveness the thinking of the world is reversed. The forgiven world becomes the gate of Heaven, because by its mercy we can at least forgive ourselves. Holding no one prisoner to guilt, we become free." Peter Dale Scott (1929-), The Assassinations: Dallas and Beyond. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), Death and Taxes. Martin Seymour-Smith (1928-98), Who's Who in 20th Century Literature; filled with cool eccentric summaries of famous writers, e.g., "only of socio-anthropological interest; as a writer, he is almost worthless" (Sinclair Lewis); "ingenious, clever, admirable - and a crushing bore" (John Barth); "evil and cruel... no more than a nasty little boy" (Yukio Mishima). Susan Sheehan (1937-), A Welfare Mother (July); study of a welfare mother in Manhattan. Kenneth Silverman (1936-), A Cultural History of the American Revolution: Painting, Music, Literature, and the Theatre in the Colonies and the United States from the Treaty of Paris to the Inauguration of George Washington, 1763-1789 (Jan. 14). Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), A Little Boy in Search of God (autobio.). Zecharia Sitchin (1920-2010), The Twelfth Planet; claims that Pre-Nubian and Sumerian texts describe the mysterious planet Nibiru, home of the Annunaki, with a long elliptical orbit that intersects the Solar System every 3.6K years, and collided with planet Tiamat between Mars and Jupiter, forming Earth, the asteroid belt and comets; #1 of the 8-vol. Earth Chronicles series, which sell millions of copies; since the last time Nibiru passed by Earth was in 556 B.C.E., the next time will be 2900 C.E., but Sitchin speculates that a spaceship force might return earlier between 2090-2370; pure baloney? B.F. Skinner (1904-90), Particulars of My Life: Part One of an Autobiography. Hedrick Smith (1933-), The Russians. Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Manipulators: America in the Media Age; Inside Wall Street: Continuity and Change in the Financial District. Albert Speer (1905-81), Spandau: The Secret Diaries (Feb.); the only Nuremberg defendant to plead guilty and aplogize writes his diary on 25K pages of smuggled toilet paper in prison, and 20 years later gets to wipe it all over again? William Stevenson (1925-), A Man Called Intrepid; bestseller about WWII Canadian spymaster Sir William Stephenson (no relation); followed by "Intrepid's Last Case" (1983). Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), Instead of Death; 2nd ed. (1st ed. 1963). Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95) and Anthony Towne, The Death and Life of Bishop Pike. Willie Sutton (1901-80), Where the Money Was: The Memoirs of a Bank Robber (autobio.); denies the leend that he coined the saying "Because that's where the money is" to the question of why he robbed banks, saying "Why did I rob banks? Because I enjoyed it. I loved it. I was more alive when I was inside a bank, robbing it, that at any other time in my life." Han Suyin (1917-), Lhasa, the Open City: A Journey to Tibet; Wind in the Tower: Mao Tsetung and the Chinese Revolution, 1949-1965. Telford Taylor (1908-98), Courts of Terror: Soviet Criminal Justice and Jewish Emigration. Robert K.G. Temple (1945-), The Sirius Mystery; claims that the Dogon people of W Mali once were in contact with the Nommos ETs from Sirius about 3K B.C.E. John Terraine (1921-2003), Trafalgar. Keith Thomas (1933-), Age and Authority in Early Modern England. Lawrance Roger Thompson (1906-73), Robert Frost: The Later Years, 1938-63 (posth.). Eric Thomson, Welcome to ZOG-World; Am. Neo-Nazi popularizes the term "Zionist Occupation Govt." (ZOG) for the U.S. govt. Emmanuel Todd (1951-), The Final Fall: An Essay on the Decomposition of the Soviet Sphere; predicts the fall of the Soviet Union but not the year. John Toland (1912-2004), Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography; big hit, fixing him for life financially. Peter Tompkins (1919-2007), Mysteries of the Mexican Pyramids. Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889-1975), Mankind and Mother Earth: A Narrative History of the World (posth.). Philip Toynbee (1916-81) (ed.), Distant Drum: Reflections on the Spanish Civil War. Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81), The Home of Man. William W. Warner (1920-), Beautiful Swimmers: Watermen, Crabs, and the Chesapeake Bay (first book) (Pulitzer Prize). Evelyn Waugh (1903-66), Diaries (posth.). Joseph Weizenbaum (1923-2008), Computer Power and Human Reason; the author of "ELIZA" concedes the possibility of AI but says computers will lack human qualities such as compassion and wisdom, hence can't be allowed to make important decisions. Sir John Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75), Friends, Enemies, and Sovereigns (posth.). Friends, Enemies, and Sovereigns (posth.). Theodore Harold White (1915-86), In Search of History: A Personal Adventure (autobio.). Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Memoirs (autobio.). William Appleman Williams (1921-90), America Confronts a Revolutionary World, 1776-1976; the U.S. Weltanschauung is based on the right of self-determination, yet when put to the test it fights against it, i.e., the U.S. Civil War. Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine; how to get a cab in New York City, computers, porno, private school accents et al. Robin Wood (1931-2009), Personal Views: Explorations in Film. George Woodcock (1912-95), South Sea Journey. Bob Woodward (1943-) and Carl Bernstein (1944-), The Final Days; Nixon's last months. Arthur Middleton Young (1905-95), Geometry of Meaning; The Reflextive Universe: Evolution of Consciousness. William Zinsser (1923-), On Writing Well; how to write nonfiction, incl. assuming the reader knows nothing but is not an idiot. Art: Jennifer Bartlett (1941-), Falcon Ave; Seaside Walk; Dwight Street; Jarvis Street; Greene Street (silk screens). Alexander Calder (1898-1976), White Cascade (28-ton mobile); installed at the Federal Reserve Bank in Philly before he dies on Nov. 11. Marc Chagall (1887-1985), La Branche; The Blue Village; The Fall of Icarus; Fleurs Sechees. Christo (1935-) and Jeanne-Claude (1935-), Running Fence; a 24.5-mi.-long 18-ft.-high $2M white nylon fence draped across Marin and Sonoma counties in Calif. after 17 public hearings and three superior court sessions to ascertain its environmental impact. Jasper Johns (1930-), The Dutch Wives; Weeping Women; The Barber's Tree. Alex Katz (1927-), The Red Scarf. Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), Never Eat Anything Bigger Than Your Head and Other Drawings; Cat; bestseller (450K copies); his cat pictures end up on T-shirts and calendars. Willem de Kooning (1904-97), Whose Name Was Writ in Water. Lee Krasner (1908-84), Imperfect Indicative (collage). Alfred Leslie (1927-), Our Family in 1976. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), Cubist Still Life with Lemons; commercialized Picasso? Richard Lippold (1915-2002), Ad Astra (sculpture); ends up in front of the Nat. Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Une d'Une; Les Voix des Temples; Mas Ceilin; Illumine des Temps. Henry Moore (1898-1986), Three Piece Reclining Figure Draped (bronze sculpture). Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), Beginner. Bruce Nauman (1941-), Help Me Hurt Me. Geoffrey Proud (1946-), Untitled Jane. Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), Emerald (Hoarfrost). Endre Rozsda (1913-99), Hommage a Stravinsky. George Segal (1924-2000), The Corridor; Walk, Don't Walk; Appalachian Farm Couple; 1936 (plaster of Paris sculptures). Frank Stella (1936-), Morro Da Viuva II; Montenegro; aluminum reliefs. Tony Smith (1912-80), The Fourth Sign (sculpture). Andy Warhol (1928-87), Skull (silkscreen). H.C. Westermann (1922-81), Death Ship USS Franklin Arising from an Oil Slick (pine-ebony sculpture). Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009), Portrait of Andy Warhol. Music: 10cc, How Dare You! (album #4) (Jan.); last with Kevin Godley and Lol Creme; incl. I'm Mandy Fly Me, Art for Art's Sake. ABBA, Arrival (album #4) (Oct. 11); incl. Dancing Queen, Money, Money, Money, My Love, My Life, When I Kissed the Teacher, Knowing Me, Knowing You, That's Me. AC/DC, High Voltage (album) (May 14); first internat. release; "all-time low" for hard rock (Rolling Stone); sells 3M copies in the U.S.; incl. It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll), T.N.T., Can I Sit Next to You Girl, High Voltage; Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap (album #3) (Sept. 20); incl. Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, Jailbreak, Big Balls. Aerosmith, Rocks (album #4) (May 3); incl. Last Child, Lick and a Promise, Sick as a Dog, Rats in the Cellar. The Allman Brothers Band, Wipe the Windows, Check the Oil, Dollar Gas (double album) (Nov.); friction causes them to break up until 1979. America, Hideaway (album #6) (Apr. 9); incl. Today's the Day, Amber Cascades. Sir Frederick Ashton (1904-88), A Month in the Country (ballet). Joan Baez (1941-), Gulf Winds (album); From Every Stage (album). Manfred Mann's Earth Band, The Roaring Silence (album) (Aug. 27); incl. Blinded by the Light (by Bruce Springsteen) (#1 in the U.S.). George Benson (1943-), Breezin' (album); incl. Breezin', This Masquerade. Blondie, Blondie (album) (debut) (Dec.); Deborah Ann "Debbie" Harry (1945-) (vocals), Chris Stein )(1950-) (guitar), Clem Burke (drums), Gary Valentine (bass), James "Jimmy" Destri (1954-) (keyboards); group's original name was Angel and the Snake, and incl. Tish and Eileen Bellomo, who form Manic Panic; the album is a flop until the Australian TV program "Countdown" plays "In the Flesh", the B-side of "X-Offender"; incl. X-Offender (original title Sex Offender), In the Flesh, Rip Her to Shreds. Tommy Bolin (1951-76), Private Eyes (album); his best?; dies of a heroin OD on the promo tour in Miami while opening for Jeff Beck; incl. Shake the Devil, Gypsy Soul, Sweet Burgundy, Post Toastee. Boston, Boston (album) (debut) (July) (#3 in the U.S.) (17M copies) (#2 best-selling debut album in the U.S. after "Appetite for Destruction" by Guns N' Roses); from Boston, Mass., incl. Donald Thomas "Tom" Scholz (1947-) (MIT-educated engineer), Bradley E. "Brad" Delp (1951-2007) (vocals); incl. More Than a Feeling, Peace of Mind, Rock and Roll Band, Smokin, Hitch a Ride. Perry Botkin Jr. (1933-) and Barry De Vorzon (1934-), Nadia's Theme (#8 in the U.S.). David Bowie (1947-2016), Station to Station (album); launches his "thin white duke" persona, sparking claims that he's into fascism; incl. Wild is the Wind, Word on a Wing; he then moves in with Iggy Pop in Berlin, Germany to dry out, entering his Krautrock Berlin period. David Bradley (1950-), South Street (album); a Philly ghetto. Jim Ed Brown (1934-) and Helen Cornelius (1941-), I Don't Want to Have to Marry You. Jackson Browne (1948-), The Pretender (album #4) (Nov.) (#5 in the U.S.); incl. Here Come Those Tears Again (#23 in the U.S.). Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Havana Daydreamin' (album #7) (Jan.). Iron Butterfly, Sun and Steel (last album); incl. Sun and Steel, Scorching Beauty. Can, Flow Motion (album #8); incl. I Want More. Eric Carmen (1949-), Never Gonna Fall in Love (#11 in the U.S.). Kim Carnes (1945-), Sailin' (album); incl. Love Comes from Unexpected Places The Carpenters, A Kind of Hush (album #7) (May); incl. There's a Kind of Hush (All Over the World), I Need to Be In Love. Harry Chapin (1942-81), Greatest Stories Live (album) (Apr. 23); On the Road to Kingdom Come (album #6) (Oct. 23); incl. Corey's Coming. Ray Charles (1930-2004), America the Beautiful. Cher (1946-), I'd Rather Believe in You (album #13) (Oct.); a flop; made while pregnant with 2nd child Elijah Blue Allman (1976-). Wild Cherry, Wild Cherry (album) (debut) (Mar. 20); from Mingo Junction, Ohio, incl. Louie Osso (vocals, guitar), Rob Parissi (vocals, guitar), Larry Brown (bass), Larry Mader (keyboards), and Ben Difabbio (drums); incl. Play That Funky Music (#1 in the U.S.) (2M copies). Chicago, Chicago X (album #8) (June 14) (#3 in the U.S.) (1M copies); first album to be officially certified platinum, causing Columbia Records to award them a 25 lb. bar of pure platinum from Cartier; incl. If You Leave Me Now (#1 in the U.S.) (first #1 U.S. single), Another Rainy Day in New York City (#32 in the U.S.), You Are On My Mind (#49 in the U.S.). Climax Blues Band, Couldn't Get It Right (#3 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.). Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Stingray (album #6) (Apr.); Live in L.A. (album); Space Captain (album). Judy Collins (1939-), Bread and Roses (album #13) (Nov.); incl. Bread and Roses, Spanish is the Loving Tongue. Bad Company, Run With the Pack (album #3) (Feb. 21) (#5 in the U.S.) (3M copies in the U.S.); incl. Young Blood (by the Coasters) (#20 in the U.S.), Honey Child (#47 in the U.S.). Silver, Blue and Gold, Live for the Music. Norman Connors (1947-), You Are My Starship (album); incl. You Are My Starship (#27 in the U.S.). Alice Cooper (1948-), Alice Cooper Goes to Hell (album #9); incl. Go to Hell. Seals and Crofts, Get Closer (album #8) (#6 in the U.S.) (last album to chart); - Sudan Village (album). Blue Oyster Cult, Agents of Fortune (album #4) (#29 in the U.S.); sells 1M copies; incl. (Don't Fear) The Reaper (#12 in the U.S.), (This Ain't) The Summer of Love, E.T.I. (Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence), The Revenge of Vera Gemini. Steely Dan, The Royal Scam (album #5) (May); incl. The Royal Scam, Everything You Did, Kid Charlemagne (based on drug chef Augustus Owsley Stanley (1935-), b. 1935), Mac Davis (1942-), Forever Lovers (album); incl. Forever Lovers. Grateful Dead, Steal Your Face (double album) (June). Rick Dees (1950-) and His Cast of Idiots, Disco Duck (#1 in the U.S. for 1 week in Oct.). John Denver (1943-97), Spirit (album #11); incl. Like a Sad Song. Donovan (1946-), Slow Down World (album #13) (May). Doobie Brothers, Takin' It to the Streets (album #6) (Mar. 19) (#8 in the U.S.); first with Michael McDonald (1952-) on lead vocals; incl. Takin' It to the Streets (#13 in the U.S.), Wheels of Fortune; Best of the Doobies (album) (Oct. 29). Tangerine Dream, Stratosfear (album #8) (#39 in the U.K.); incl. Stratosfear. Bob Dylan (1941-), Desire (album #17) (Jan. 5); incl. Hurricane, Isis, Joey; Hard Rain (album) (Sept. 13); recorded on May 23, 1976 in Ft. Collins, Colo. Eagles, Their Greatest Hits, 1971-1975 (album) (Feb. 17) (29M copies); first without Bernie Leadon; first with Joe Walsh; last featuring Randy Meisner; Hotel California (album #5) (Dec. 8) (16M copies); incl. Hotel California (#1 in the U.S.) ("It's a song about the dark underbelly of the American Dream, and about excess in America" - Don Henley), New Kid in Town (by J.D. Souther) (#1 in the U.S.), Life in the Fast Lane, Wasted Time, The Last Resort (Don Henley's greatest work, according to Glenn Frey). ELO, A New World Record (album #6) (Oct.); incl. Tightrope, Livin' Thing, Telephone Line, Rockaria!, Do Ya. Mimi Farina (1945-2001), Bread and Roses; based on the 1911 poem by James Oppenheim. Earth, Wind, and Fire, Spirit (album #7) (Sept.) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Getaway, Saturday Nite, On Your Face. Carlisle Floyd (1926-), Bilby's Doll (opera) (Houston, Tex.) (Feb. 27) ; based on the Esther Forbes novel "A Mirror of Witches". Focus, Ship of Memories (album #6). Foghat, Night Shift (album #6) (Nov.); Craig MacGregor replaces Tony Stevens. Peter Frampton (1950-), Frampton Comes Alive! (double album) (Jan. 6) (#1 in the U.S.) (6M copies in the U.S.); recorded on his 1975 U.S. tour; makes him an instant superstar; incl. Show Me the Way, Baby, I Love Your Way, and Do You Feel Like We Do. Free, Heartbreaker (album #7) (last album) (Jan.); incl. Wishing Well. Funkadelic, Tales of Kidd Funkadelic (album #8); incl. Butt-to-Butt Resuscitation; Hardcore Jollies (album #9) (Oct. 29); first on Warner Bros. Records. The James Gang, Jesse Come Home (album #9) (last album) (Feb. 7); Bob Webb (guitar), Phil Giallombardo (keyboards); incl. Love Hurts. Kool and the Gang, Love & Understanding (album #9) (Mar.); Open Sesame (album #10) (Nov.); incl. Open Sesame (used in "Saturday Night Fever"), Super Band. Bee Gees, Children of the World (album #12) (Sept.); sells 2.5M copies; incl. Children of the World, You Should Be Dancing, Love So Right, Love Me. Genesis, A Trick of the Tail (album #7) (Feb. 20); first with drummer Philip David Charles "Phil" Collins (1951-) as lead vocalist after Peter Gabriel splits; incl. Squonk, Robbery, Assault and Battery, Ripples, Los Endos; Wind & Wuthering (album #8) (Dec. 23) (#26 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.); incl. Your Own Special Way (#62 in the U.S.). Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91), L'Homme a Tete de Chou (The Cabbage-Headed Man) (album). Marvin Gaye (1939-84), I Want You (album) (Mar. 16); cover features Ernie Barnes' 1971 "The Sugar Shack"; incl. I Want You. Wind & Wuthering Moby Grape, Fine Wine (album); Legendary Grape (album). Henry Gross (1951-), Shannon; hit by former member of Sha Na Na. Arlo Guthrie (1947-), Amigo (album #10) (Aug.) (#133 in the U.S.); incl. Massachussetts, which in July 1981 is adopted by Mass. as its official folk song. Merle Haggard (1937-2016), Cherokee Maiden. Herbie Hancock (1940-), Secrets (album #19); incl. Cantaloupe Island; V.S.O.P. (album). George Harrison (1943-2001), Thirty Three & 1/3 (album) (Nov. 19) (#11 in the U.S., #35 in the U.K.); incl. Woman Don't You Cry for Me, Dear One. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Juicy Fruit (Disco Freak) (album); incl. Storm Is Over; Groove-A-Thon (album); incl. Groove-A-Thon, Rock Me Easy Baby. Heart, Dreamboat Annie (album) (debut) (Feb. 14); from Seattle-Vancouver, incl. sisters Ann Dustin Wilson (1950-) (dark hair, who gets pudgy) and Nancy Lamoureux Wilson (1954-) (blonde); incl. Dreamboat Annie (#42 in the U.S.), Crazy on You (#35 in the U.S.), Magic Man (#9 in the U.S.). Uriah Heep, High and Mighty (album #9) (June); last with David Byron, who gets fired for alcoholism; incl. Weep in Silence. Hans Werner Henze (1926-), We Come to the River (opera) (Royal Opera House, London) (July 12). Mott the Hoople, Shouting and Pointing (album). Mary Hopkin (1950-), Tell Me Now. Thelma Houston (1946-), Don't Leave Me This Way (#1 in the U.S., #13 in the U.K.); from Leland, Miss. Karel Husa (1921-), Monodrama (Portrait of an Artist) (ballet). Janis Ian (1951-), Aftertones (album); incl. Love is Blind. Isley Brothers, Harvest for the World (album); incl. Harvest for the World. Millie Jackson (1944-), Free and in Love (album #6). Waylon Jennings (1937-2002), Wanted! The Outlaws (album); with Willie Nelson, Jessi Colter, and Tompall Glaser; reaches #1 on the country charts and #10 on the pop charts, becoming the first platinum country music album; incl. Suspicious Minds (#2) and Good Hearted Woman (#1). Billy Joel (1949-), Turnstiles (album #4) (May); incl. New York State of Mind, Say Goodbye to Hollywood. Elton John (1947-), Here and There (album) (Apr. 30); Blue Moves (album #11) (double album) (Oct. 22); first by his own Rocket Records Ltd.; incl. Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word, Cage the Songbird, Crazy Water, Between Seventeen and Twenty, Bite Your Lip (Get Up and Dance). Elton John (1947-) and Kiki Dee (1947-), Don't Go Breaking My Heart. Bruce Johnston (1942-), I Write the Songs. Journey, Look into the Future (album #2) (Jan.); incl. I'm Gonna Leave You. Kansas, Leftoverture (album #4) (Oct.); incl. Carry On Wayward Son. Kiss, Destroyer (album #4) (Mar. 15) (#11 in the U.S., #22 in the U.K.); incl. Beth (#7 in the U.S.), Shout It Out Loud (#31 in the U.S.); Alive! (first live album) (double album) (Sept. 10); Rock and Roll Over (album #5) (Nov. 11) (#11 in the U.S.); incl. Hard Luck Woman (#15 in the U.S.), Calling Dr. Love (#16 in the U.S.). Labelle, Chameleon (album #6); incl. Chameleon. Ramsey Lewis (1935-) Trio, Sun Goddess. Gordon Lightfoot (1938-), The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald (#2 in the U.S.). Thin Lizzy, Jailbreak (album #6) (Mar. 26); incl. Jailbreak, The Boys Are Back in Town (#6 in the U.S.), Angel from the Coast; Johnny the Fox (album #7) (Oct. 16); incl. Johnny the Fox Meets Jimmy the Weed, Don't Believe a Word. Loggins and Messina, Native Sons (album #6) (last studio album) (Jan.). The Modern Lovers, The Modern Lovers (album) (debut) (Aug.); Jonathan Michael Richman (1951-) ("the Godfather of Punk"), David Robinson (1953-) (drums), Jeremiah Griffin "Jerry" Harrison (1949-), and Ernie Brooks; incl. Roadrunner (first punk rock song?), Pablo Picasso. Mary MacGregor (1948-), Torn Between Two Lovers (#1 in the U.S, #5 in the U.K.). Cledus Maggard and the Citizen's Band, The White Knight (#19 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder by Jay Huguely (1947-2008); "Breaker breaker, got a picture taker, Smokey's on 43". Brotherhood of Man, Save Your Kisses for Me. Chuck Mangione (1940-), Bellavia (album); incl. Bellavia. Barry Manilow (1943-), This One's For You (album #4) (Aug.); incl. Daybreak, Weekend in New England, Looks Like We Made It. Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Rastaman Vibration (album) (Apr. 30) (#1 in the U.S. - first and only); incl. War, Roots, Rock, Reggae. Johnny Mathis (1935-), When a Child Is Born (#1 in the U.K.); composed in 1974 by Italian composer Ciro Dammicco (1947-) (AKA Zacar) under the title "Soleado", and trans. to English by Fred Jay (Friedrich Alex Jacobson); covered by Matt Monro, Kenny Rogers, Judy Collins, The Moody Blues, Willie Nelson, The Seekers et al. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Give, Get, Take and Have (album #8). Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings, Wings at the Speed of Sound (album #5) (Mar. 26); incl. Let 'Em In, Beware My Love, Silly Love Sounds, Warm and Beautiful; Wings Over America (album #6) (only live album) (triple album) (Dec. 10). John Cougar Mellencamp (1951-), Chestnut Street Incident (album) (debut); sells 12K copies; released under the name Johnny Cougar. Gian-Carlo Menotti (1911-2007), The Hero (opera) (Philadelphia); a man becomes famous for sleeping for 10 years; Symphony No. 1 (Saratoga, N.Y.) (Aug. 4). Charles Mingus (1922-79), Cumbia and Jazz Fusion (album). Steve Miller Band, Fly Like an Eagle (album #9) (May); incl. Fly Like an Eagle, Mercury Blues, Take the Money and Run, Rock'n Me, You Send Me. Joni Mitchell (1943-), Hejira (album #8) (Nov.); her Muhammad-like hijira from Maine to L.A. by car; incl. Hejira, Coyote. Moxy, Moxy II (album #2). Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Swans Against the Sun (album #5); incl. Swans Against the Sun; Flowing Free Forever (album #6); incl. Flowing Free Forever. Walter Murphy (1952-), A Fifth of Beethoven (#1 in the U.S.); Doc Severinsen's arranger for the Tonight Show band. Anne Murray (1945-), Keeping in Touch (album #10); Together (album #11) (Sept.). Roxy Music, Viva! Roxy Music (first live album) (Aug.). Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Come on Over (album #5); incl. Come On Over, Jolene; Don't Stop Believin' (album #6) (Oct.); incl. Don't Stop Believin'. Three Dog Night, American Pastime (album #14) (Mar.); a flop, causing the band to disband. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Sofferte Onde Serene. Laura Nyro (1947-97), Smile (album #6) (Feb.) (#60 in the U.S.); incl. Money, I Am the Blues, Stormy Love, The Cat Song. Hall & Oates, Bigger Than Both of Us (album #5) (Sept. 8); incl. Rich Girl (#1 in the U.S.). Billy Ocean (1950-), Billy Ocean (album) (debut); incl. Love Really Hurts Without You (#22 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.). Roy Orbison (1936-88), Belinda/ No Chain At All (May); I'm a Southern Man/ Born to Love Me (Sept.). Tony Orlando (1944-) and Dawn, To Be With You (album #11) (last); incl. To Be With You; The World of Tony Orlando and Dawn (album #12). Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Some People Can Do What They Like (album #3) (#68 in the U.S.); incl. Man Smart, Woman Smarter (#63 in the U.S., #46 in the U.K.). Graham Parker (1950-) and the Rumour, Howlin' Wind (album) (debut); incl. Howlin' Wind; Heat Treatment (album) (Oct.); incl. Heat Treatment. Gram Parsons (1946-73), Sleepless Nights (album #3) (Apr.) (posth.); incl. Crazy Arms. Tom Petty (1950-2017) and The Heartbreakers, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (album) (debut) (Nov. 9) (#55 in the U.S., #24 in the U.K.); from Gainesville, Fla.; incl. American Girl, Anything That's Rock and Roll, Breakdown. Humble Pie, Lost and Found (album #6); Eat It (album #7) (double album) (Apr.) (#13 in the U.S.); title means "dig it"?; incl. That's How Strong My Love Is. Sex Pistols, Anarchy in the U.K. (Nov. 26); created in Sept. 1975 by London retailer Malcolm Robert Andrew McLaren (1946-2010), owner of the Sex clothing store, incl. John Joseph "Johnny Rotten" Lydon (1956-) (vocals) (known for orange hair and loudly blowing his nose in a big hanky), John Simon "Sid Vicious" Ritchie (1957-79), Steve Jones (1955-) (guitar), Paul Cook (1957-) (drums), and Glen Matlock (1956-) (bass) (songwriter); their total output in three years is four singles and one studio album, but it's talentless and anti-establishment enough to spark the English-hating English punk rock movement. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Aurora (album #13) (Feb. 26); incl. Aurora; Imaginary Voyage (album #14) (Nov. 4); incl. Imaginary Voyage; Cantaloupe Island (album #15). Elvis Presley (1935-77), A Legendary Performer, Vol. 2 (album) (Jan.); The Sun Sessions (album) (Mar. 22); Hurt/ For the Heart (Mar.); From Elvis Presley Boulevard, Memphis, Tennessee (album) (May); Moody Blue/ She Thinks I Still Care (Dec.). (last #1 country hit). Billy Preston (1946-2006), Billy Preston (album #11) (Nov. 19). Judas Priest, Sad Wings of Destiny (album #2) (Mar. 23); lack of support causes them to leave Gull Records and sign with Columbia Records; incl. Tyrant, Genocide, The Ripper, Victim of Changes. Pure Prairie League, If the Shoe Fits (album #4) (Jan.) (#33 in the U.S.); incl. Sun Shone Lightly; Dance (album #5) (Nov.) (#99 in the U.S.). Queen, A Day at the Races (album #5) (Dec. 10); sells 1M copies; incl. Good Old-Fashioned Lover Boy, Long Away, Somebody to Love, Tie Your Mother Down, The Millionaire Waltz, Teo Torriatte (Let Us Cling Together), White Man. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Rocky Mountain Music (album #2); incl. Drinkin' My Baby Off My Mind. Grand Funk Railroad, Born to Die (album #9) (Jan.); Good Singin', Good Playin' (album #10) (Aug.). Rainbow, (Rainbow) Rising (album #2) (May 17) (#48 in the U.S., #6 in the U.S.); Ritchie Blackmore, Ronnie James Dio, James Stewart "Jimmy" Bain (1947-) (bass), Antony Laurence "Tony" Carey (1953-) (keyboards), and Cozy Powell (Colin Flooks) (1947-98) (drums); incl. Stargazer (w/the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra). Tina Rainford (1946-), Silver Bird. The Ramones, Ramones (album) (debut) (Apr. 23) (#111 in the U.S.); from Queens, N.Y., incl. Dee Dee Ramone (Douglas Glen Colvin) (1952-), Joey Ramone, Johnny Ramone, Tommy Ramone, Marky Ramone, Richie Ramone, C.J. Ramone, Elvis Ramone; although they don't sell many albums, they end up performing in 2,263 concerts from 1974-96; incl. Blitzkrieg Bop ("They're forming in a straight line/ They're going through a tight wind/ The kids are losing their minds/ The Blitzkrieg Bop"), Beat on the Brat ("Beat on the brat/ Beat on the brat/ Beat on the brat with a baseball bat/ Oh yeah, oh yeah, uh-oh"), Judy is a Punk ("Jackie is a punk/ Judy is a runt/ They both went down to Berlin/ Joined the ice capades/ And oh, I don't know why/ Oh, I don't know why/ Perhaps they'll die"), Chainsaw. Lou Rawls (1933-2006), You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine (#2 in the U.S.); his breakthrough hit. Helen Reddy (1941-), Music, Music (album #8) (Aug.) (#16 in the U.S.); Helen Reddy's Greatest Hits (album) (Dec.) (#5 in the U.S.). Lou Reed (1942-), Rock and Roll Heart (album #6) (Nov.); Coney Island Baby (album #7) (Dec.); incl. Coney Island Baby, I Believe in Love; Coney Island Baby, She's My Best Friend. Marty Robbins (1925-82), Among My Souvenirs (#1 country). Vicki Sue Robinson (1954-2000), Turn the Beat Around (#3 in the U.S.). Kenny Rogers (1938-), Love Lifted Me (album) (solo debut); incl. Abraham, Martin and John. Bay City Rollers, I Only Want to Be With You (by Dusty Springfield) (#12 in the U.S.); Yesterday's Hero (#54 in the U.S.), Dedication (1976) (#60 in the U.S.). Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Hasten Down the Wind (album #7); incl. That'll Be the Day, Crazy, Down So Low (by Tracy Nelson). Diana Ross (1944-), Love Hangover (Mar. 16) (#1 in the U.S.) (by Pam Sawyer and Marilyn McLeod). Rose Royce, Car Wash Soundtrack (album) (debut)(#14 in the U.S., #59 in the U.K.); from Los Angeles, Calif.; incl. Car Wash (#1 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.), I Wanna Get Next to You (#10 in the U.S., #14 in the U.K.). The Runaways, The Runaways (album) (debut); from New York City, incl. Cherie Currie (1959-) (vocals), Joan Jett (1958-) (guitar), Sandy West (1959-2006) (drums), Michael "Micki" Steele/Jackie Fox (bass), and Lita Ford (1958-) (guitar); first all-girl rock band to have hit songs, record platinum albums, and tour internationally; incl. Cherry Bomb. Rush, 2112 (Twenty-One Twelve) (album #4) (Apr. 1) (#61 in the U.S.) (3M copies); inspired by Ayn Rand; incl. 2112, A Passage to Bangkok, The Twilight Zone; All the World's A Stage (album #5) (double album) (Sept. 29); recorded in Toronto on June 11-13. Black Sabbath, Technical Ecstasy (album #7) (Sept. 25); a flop; incl. Rock 'n' Roll Doctor. New Riders of the Purple Sage, New Riders (album #7). Little River Band, After Hours (album #2); Diamantina Cocktail (album #3) (#49 in the U.S.); a Queensland cocktail of Bundaberg Rum, condensed milk, and an emu egg; incl. Help Is On Its Way (#14 in the U.S.), Happy Anniversary (#16 in the U.S.). Buffy Sainte-Marie (1941-), Sweet America (album); her disappointment with the U.S. that caused her to move back to Canada; incl. Sweet America. Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Pharaoh (album). Boz Scaggs (1944-), Silk Degrees (album #7) (Mar.) (#2 in the U.S.); his session musicians later form Toto; incl. Lowdown (#3 in the U.S.), Lido Shuffle (#11 in the U.S.), We're All Alone; What Can I Say. The Scorpions, Virgin Killer (album #4); cover features a naked prepubescent girl; flop in the U.S., hit in Japan; incl. Pictured Life. Gil Scott-Heron (1949-2011) and Brian Jackson, From South Africa to South Carolina (album) (Jan.); It's Your World (double album) (Nov.). Bob Seger (1945-) and the Silver Bullet Band, 'Live' Bullet (album) (Apr. 12); recorded at Cobo Hall in Detroit, Mich.; Night Moves (album) (Oct. 22); incl. Night Moves. Brewer and Shipley, Welcome to Riddle Bridge (album #7) (last album). Silver, Silver (album) (debut); Musician (It's Not an Easy Life); Wham Bang (Shang-A-Lang) (#16 in the U.S.); from LA, incl. John Batdorf (vocals), Brent Mydland (keyboards), Tom Leadon (bass), Greg Collier (guitar), Harry Stinson (drums). Carly Simon (1945-), Another Passenger (album #6) (June). Lynyrd Skynyrd, Gimme Back My Bullets (album #4) (Feb. 2); original title "Ain't No Dowd About It"; for producer Tom Dowd; incl. Gimme Back My Bullets, Every Mother's Son. Patti Smith (1946-), Radio Ethiopia (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Ask the Angels, Pissing in a River, Pumping (My Heart). REO Speedwagon, R.E.O. (album #6); incl. Keep Pushin (On). Jimmie Spheeris (1949-84), Ports of the Heart (album #4). Starbuck, Moonlight Feels Right (#3 in the U.S.); from Atlanta, Ga., incl. Buce Blackman (vocals, keyboards), Bo Wagner (marimba), and Tommy Strain (guitar). The Starland Vocal Band, Afternoon Delight (Apr.) (#1 in the U.S. on July 4, 1976); originally Fat City; from Washington, D.C., incl. William "Bill" Danoff (1946-) and Tafy Nivert. Ringo Starr (1940-), Ringo's Rotogravure (album #5) (Sept. 17) (#28 in the U.S.); incl. A Dose of Rock and Roll. Status Quo, Blue for You (album #9) (Mar.) (#1 in U.K.); incl. Rain (#7 in U.K.), Mystery Song (#11 in U.K.). Steppenwolf, Skullduggery (album #8). Al Stewart (1945-), Year of the Cat (album #7) (July); Year of the Cat, On the Border. Rod Stewart (1945-), A Night on the Town (album #7) (June) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright) (#1 in the U.S.), The First Cut is the Deepest (#21 in the U.S.). The Killing of Georgie (a boy goes gay). Stills-Young Band, Long May You Run (album) (Sept. 20); incl. Long May You Run. Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928-2007), Sirius (Smithsonian Inst., Washington D.C.) (July 18). The Rolling Stones, Black and Blue (album #13) (Apr. 23); first with bassist Ronnie Wood (1947-); incl. Hot Stuff, Memory Motel, Hey Negrita, Fool to Cry. Styx, Crystal Ball (album #6); first with Tommy Roland Shaw (1953-) replacing John Curulewski; incl. Mademoiselle, This Old Man. Donna Summer (1948-2012), A Love Trilogy (album #3) (Mar. 18); incl. Try Me, I Know We Can Make It, Could It Be Magic; Four Seasons of Love (album #4) (Oct. 11); incl. Spring Affair, Winter Melody. KC and the Sunshine Band, Part 3 (album #4) (Oct.); incl. I'm Your Boogie Man, (Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty. Air Supply, Air Supply (album) (debut) (Dec.); from Australia, incl. Russell Charles Hitchcock (1949-) (vocals) and Graham Cyrill Russell (1950-) (guitar). Johnnie Taylor (1937-2000), Disco Lady (by Harvey Scales); first platinum single of the Recording Industry of Am. (RIAA) (2M copies). James Taylor (1948-), In the Pocket (album #7) (June); incl. Shower the People. Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), Symphony No. 4. The Four Tops, Catfish (album); incl. Catfish. T.Rex, Futuristic Dragon (album #11) (Jan. 30) (#50 in the U.K.); incl. Futuristic Dragon (#50 in the U.K.), Dreamy Lady (#30 in the U.K.). Robin Trower (1945-), Long Misty Days (album #4); incl. Long Misty Days; Robin Trower Live (album). Andrea True (1943-) (Andrea True Connection), More, More, More (album) (debut) (#47 in the U.S.); former porno star uses throat for disco music; incl. More, More, More (#4 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.). The Tubes, Young and Rich (album #2); incl. Don't Touch Me There. Jethro Tull, Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die! (album #9) (Apr. 23); first with John Glascock. Hot Tuna, Hoppkorv (album #7) (Oct. 11) (#116 in the U.S.). Frankie Valli (1934-), Fallen Angel. Frankie Valli (1934-) and the Four Seasons, Silver Star. Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), I'll Never Smile Again; One. The Ventures, Rocky Road: The New Ventures (album) (Mar.); Sunflower '76. Bobby Vinton (1935-), Save Your Kisses for Me; Moonlight Serenade. Joe Walsh (1947-), You Can't Argue with a Sick Mind (album) (Mar.). Eric Burdon and War, Love Is All Around (album). War, Platinum Jazz (album #8) (double album); Greatest Hits (album); incl. Summer (#7 in the U.S.). Edgar Winter (1946-), Jasmine Nightdreams (album). Edgar Winter (1946-) and the Edgar Winter Group, The Edgar Winter Group with Rick Derringer. Johnny Winter (1944-), Captured Live! (album) (Mar.). Johnny Winter (1944-) and Edgar Winter (1946=), Together: Edgar Winter and Johnny Winter Live (album) (July). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Songs in the Key of Life (album #18) (Sept. 28) (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); 3rd Best Album of the Year Grammy in 4 years; incl. Isn't She Lovely? (about his daughter Aisha taking a bath) (#23 in the U.S.), I Wish (#23 in the U.S.), Sir Duke (#3 in the U.S.), As (#36 in the U.S.). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Til I Can Make It On My Own; her 1975 divorce from hubby (since 1969) George Jones. Brand X, Unorthodox Behaviour (album) (debut); from Britain, incl. John Goodsall (guitar), Philip David Charles "Phil" Collins (1951-) (drums), Robin Lumley (keyboards), and Percy Jones (1947-) (bass); incl. Born Ugly, Nuclear Burn. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Zoot Allures (album) (Oct. 29); Fr. "zut alors!" = "dammit"; incl. Black Napkins. Warren Zevon (1947-2003), Warren Zevon (album) (debut); troubled Am. artist becomes an expatriate in Spain, lands a record deal with the help of friend Jackson Browne (1948-), then produces this album, which is a critical success but flops. Movies: Bernardo Bertolucci's 1900 (Novecento) (Aug. 16) is a 315-min. film about the rise and fall of Fascism in Italy in 1900-45 starring Robert de Niro as a landowner, and Gerard Depardieu as a bastard peasant, who go through it together; also stars Donald Sutherland, Burt Lancaster, Dominique Ssanda, Sterling Hayden, and Stefania Sandrelli. Alfred Sole's Alice, Sweet Alice (Nov. 13), starring Mildred Clinton as Mrs. Tredoni and Rudolph Willrich as Father Tom is the film debut of Brooke Shields (1965-) as Karen Spages, who is scared in the warehouse by Alice Spages (Paula E. Sheppard) wearing a grinning mask in the one of the big screen's scariest moments. Alan J. Pakula's All the President's Men (Apr. 9) (Warner Bros.), based on the 1974 book by Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward about the Watergate Scandal stars Robert Redford as Woodward, Dustin Hoffman as Bernstein, and Jason Robards as their boss Ben Bradlee; Hal Holbrook plays Deep Throat; #3 grossing film of 1976 ($70.6M on a $8.5M budget). Greydon Clark's The Bad Bunch (Oct.) stars Greydon Clark as Jim, a white Vietnam Vet who goes to a black ghetto to deliver a letter from his black Army buddy, and runs into trouble; Aldo Ray plays Lt. Stans. Michael Ritchie's The Bad News Bears (Apr. 7) stars Walter Matthau as a cranky beer-drinking coach who manages a misfit Little League team (Tanner, Lupus, Kelly, Ogilvie et al.) and recruits a female pitcher (Tatum O'Neal); kids getting to talk like adults turns on kiddie viewers; #10 grossing film of 1976 ($42.3M). Hal Ashby's Bound for Glory (Dec. 5) (United Artists), based on the 1943 autobio. stars David Carradine as Woody Guthrie, who fights to sing pro-union songs on the radio in the 1930s; the first motion picture using Garrett Brown's Steadicam; "This land was made for you and me." Randal Kleiser's The Boy in the Plastic Bubble (TV movie) features John Travolta in his first dramatic role as Todd Lubitch; an Aaron Spelling production. Brian De Palma's Carrie (Nov. 3) (United Artists), based on the 1974 Stephen King novel stars Sissy Spacek as teenie Carrie White with abusive mother Margaret (Piper Laurie), who uses her telekinetic powers to get even with everybody at the prom incl. John Travolta, Amy Irving, and Nancy Allen; does $33.8M box office on a $1.8M budget; "It has nothing to do with Satan, Mama. It's me. Me. If I concentrate hard enough, I can move things"; contains the first modern jump scare, starting a trend that is taken to the max by 1980s slasher movies, causing a backlash; Terence Davies' B&W Children is the dir. debut of Kensington, Liverpool-born gay Roman Catholic-turned-atheist h.s. dropout Terence Davies (1945-), about his childhood under the alias Robert Tucker; followed by "Madonna and Child" (1980) and "Death and Transfiguration" (1983), becoming known as the Terence Davies Trilogy. Bruno Barreto's Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands (Nov. 22), based on the 1966 Jorge Amado novel about lower-class life in Salvador, Brazil stars Sonia Braga as Dona Flor "Floripedes" Guimaraes, and Jose Wilker as her erotic hubby Valdomiro "Vadinho" Santos Guimaraes, who is good for nothing then dies, after which she marries prosperous drugstore owner Teodoro Madreira (Mauro Mendonca), but misses her sex life until Vadinho's ghost comes back. Bruce Beresford's Don's Party (Nov. 10) based on the play by Don Williamson about a wild Australian house party stars John Hargreaves as Don Henderson. James Fargo's The Enforcer (Dec. 22) stars Clint Eastwood as rules-stretching sexist San Francisco detective Dirty Harry, who fights a group of disgruntled Vietnam vets with his unwelcome new female partner Insp. Kate Moore (Tyne Daly); #8 grossing film of 1976 ($46.2M). Martin Ritt's The Front (Sept. 17) stars Woody Allen and Zero Mostel in a tale of the years of the Hollywood Blacklist, when the blacklisted hid behind you know whats; Ritt was one of them, so the movie is his revenge? Richard T. Heffron's sequel Futureworld (July 28) stars starring Peter Fonda and Blythe Danner as reporters Chuck Browning and Tracy Ballard, who are invited to tour the new improved Delos robot amusement park, and discover that they're cloning replacements for the visitors; the first feature film to use 3-D computer-generated imagery (CGI); in 1979 it becomes the first modern U.S. film to be screened in Red China. Vincent McEveety's Gus (July 7) stars Tim Conway and Dick Van Patten in a Disney film about the Calif. Atoms football team, who have the league's worst record until they get their mule mascot Gus to kick field goals. Herbert Wise's I, Claudius (Nov. 6), based on the Robert Ranke Graves novels is a TV movie series produced by Masterpiece Theatre starring Derek Jacobi as Claudius, and John Hurt as sister-eviscerating Caligula. Barbara Kopple's Harlan County, U.S.A. (Oct. 15) is a documentary about a bitter violent year-long miner's strike in Ky. in June 1973. Luchino Visconti's The Innocent (May 14), based on the novel by Gabriele D'Annunzio set in early 20th cent. Italy stars Giancarlo Giannini as a psycho hubby, Laura Antonelli as his tormented wife, and Jennifer O'Neill as his possessive mistress. Nagisa Oshima's In the Realm of the Senses (Ai no Korida) (Bullfight of Love) (May 15) stars Eiko Matsuda as hotel ho-maid Abe Sada (1905-?), who strangles then cuts off the penis of her lover Kichizo Ishida (Tatsuya Fuji) (the owner) in 1936, and writes "Sada and Kichi are now one" in blood on his chest, after which she becomes a Japanese folk heroine; Oshima sends the film to France for processing, and the uncensored version is banned in Japan, making it more popular? Alain Tanner's Jonah Who Will Be 25 in the Year 2000 (Jonas Quji Aura 25 Ans en l'an 2000) (Dec. 1) stars Myriam Boyer and Jean-Luc Bideau as 30-somethings confronting the 1960s in 1968 with child Jonas. John Guillermin's King Kong (Dec. 17), a Dino De Laurentiis production stars Jeff Bridges as Jack Prescott, and Charles Grodin as Fred S. Wilson; the film debut of Jessica Phyllis Lange (1949-) as Dwan; #6 grossing film of 1976 ($52.6M U.S., $90M worldwide on a $24M budget). Wim Wenders' Kings of the Road (Im Lauf der Zeit) (Mar. 4) is a road movie starring Rudiger Volger and Hans Zischler as traveling buddies in West Germany. Elia Kazan's The Last Tycoon (Nov. 19), based on the F. Scott Fitzgerald novel stars Robert DeNiro as movie producer Monroe Stahr, who slowly works himself to death; also stars Tony Curtis as Rodriguez, and Robert Mitchum as Pat Brady; Kazan's last film. Gordon Parks' Leadbelly stars Roger E. Mosley as Huddie Ledbetter. Lamont Johnson's Lipstick (Apr. 2) stars Ernest Hemingway's granddaughters Margaux Hemingway and Mariel Hemingway (in her debut) going after rapist Gordon Stuart. Michael Anderson's Logan's Run (June 23), based on the 1967 novel by William F. Nolan and George Clayton Johnson stars 34-y.-o. Michael York as Logan 5, a 26-y.-o. Sandman whose job is to hunt down anybody not reporting for carrousel (euthanasia sold as renewal) at age 30 in their hedonistic utopian (all-white?) sealed domed city in the year 2272, where sex and face changes are free; given a M:I to track down their fabled Sanctuary, Logan 5 is turned into a Runner (complete with flashing red life clock in his left palm), and runs with babe Jessica 6 (Jenny Agutter) while being chased by Sandman Francis (Richard Jordan), finding that the exit to Sanctuary on the Outside is guarded by wheeled cyborg Box (Roscoe Lee Brown); Sanctuary turns out to be the remains of Washington, D.C., where they meet their first old man Peter Ustinov; the first major motion picture to feature real holograms; also features Farrah Fawcett; features a nude orgy scene. Jeanne Moreau's Lumiere (Nov. 15) stars Moreau as Sarah, Francine Racette as Julienne, Lucia Bose as Laura, and Caroline Cartier as Caroline, who go on vacation in Provence and hook up with men. Bo Widerberg's Man on the Roof (Oct. 1), bassed on the detective novel by Per Wahloo and Maj Sjowall stars Carl-Gustaf Lindstedt as Martin Beck. Nicolas Roeg's The Man Who Fell to Earth (Mar. 18), based on the Walter Tevis novel stars David Bowie as humanoid alien Thomas Jerome Newton, who comes to Earth to get water for his dying planet, and meets Mary-Lou (Candy Clark), who falls for him; Rip Torn plays Nathan Bryce; becomes a cult clasic; Bowie is so good he gets typecast? John Schlesinger's Marathon Man (Oct. 8), based on the William Goldman novel stars Dustin Hoffman as track-loving history grad student Thomas "Babe" Levy, who is tortured by cruel Nazi dentist Christian Szell, "the White Angel of Auschwitz" (Laurence Olivier) after his U.S. spy brother drags him into it, repeatedly asking "Is it safe?" (wants to find out if a safety deposit box with diamonds is safe to open); sets the dentistry prof. back a cent.? Marcel Ophuls' The Memory of Justice is a documentary about the Nuremberg Trials. Moustapha Akkad's The Messenger (The Message) (Mohammad, Messenger of God) (Mar. 9), starring Anthony Quinn as Hamza, Irene Papas as Hind, and Michael Snara as Abu Sofyan bills itself as the next "The Robe", "Ten Commandments", and/or "Ben-Hur"; too bad, the Muslim pop. is full of latent serial murderers, and it doesn't take much to set off their programmed fuses, causing the Hanafi Siege in Washington, D.C. next Mar. 9-11; on Nov, 11, 2005 Akkad is assassinated along with his daughter Rima by an al-Qaida suicide bomber in Amman, Jordan. Jack Smight's Midway (June 18), about the Apr. 18, 1942 Doolittle Raid and the June 4-7, 1942 Battle of Midway, featuring a score by John Williams stars Charlton Heston, Henry Fonda, James Coburn, Glenn Ford, Hal Holbrook, Robert Mitchum, Cliff Robertson, Robert Wagner, Pat Morita, and Toshiro Mifune, whose voice is dubbed by Paul Frees; #9 grossing film of 1976 ($43.2M). Arthur Penn's The Missouri Breaks (May 18) (United Artists) stars Marlon Brando as Creedmoor rifle regulator Robert E. Lee Clayton, who is hired by land baron David Braxton (John McLiam) to hunt down bandit Tom Logan (Jack Nicholson) in the Missouri Breaks of NC Mont.; Kathleen Lloyd (film debut) plays daughter Jane Braxton; too bad, too many horses are injured during filming, causing the Am. Humane Assoc. to blacklist it; does $14M box office. Robert Moore's Murder by Death, based on the Neil Simon play stars Eileen Brennan, James Coco, James Cromwell, Peter Falk, Alec Guinness, Elsa Lanchester, David Niven, Peter Sellers, Maggie Smith, Nancy Walker, and Estelle Winwood in a spoof of murder mysteries; "And I didn't do nothing to a man that I wouldn't do to a woman" (Falk). Sidney Lumet's Network (Nov. 27), a satire written by Paddy Chayefsky (1923-81) about the fictional UBS-TV network and the saga of anchor Howard Beale (Peter Finch) is a realistic treatment of the post-Winchell profit-motivated TV industry that holds up for decades despite its preposterous moments such as "The Mao Tse-tung Hour" proposal; also stars Faye Dunaway, William Holden, and Robert Duvall; "What's wrong with denouncing the hypocrisies of our times?"; "I'm as mad as hell, and I'm not going to take this anymore!"; "Right now, there is a whole, an entire generation that never knew anything that didn't come out of this tube! This tube is the Gospel, the ultimate revelation. This tube can make or break presidents, popes, prime ministers... This tube is the most awesome God-damned force in the whole godless world, and woe is us if it ever falls into the hands of the wrong people." Richard Donner's The Omen (June 6) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the David Seltzer novel stars Harvey Stephens as young 666-birthmarked kid Damien the Antichrist, and Gregory Peck and Lee Remick as his clueless wealthy powerful adoptive parents Ambassador Robert and Katherine Thorn; features the theme song Ave Satani by Jerry Goldsmith; #5 grossing film of 1976 ($54.6M U.S. and $60.9M worldwide box office on a $2.8M budget); spawns sequels "Damien: Omen 2" (1978), "The Final Conflict" (1981), and made-for-TV "Omen 4: The Awakening" (1991); remade in 2006 starring Liev Schreiber. Clint Eastwood's The Outlaw Josie Wales (June 30) (The Malpaso Co.) (Warner Bros.), based on the 1972 Forrest Carter novel stars Eastwood as Josey, Chief Dan George as Lone Watie, Sondra Locke as Laura Lee, John Russell as Bloody Bill Anderson, and Will Sampson as Ten Bears; does $31.8M box office on a $3.7M budget. Blake Edwards' The Pink Panther Strikes Again (Dec. 17) stars Peter Sellers as Chief Inspector Clouseau, Herbert Lom as Dreyfus, and Lesley-Anne Down as Olga. Krishna Shah's The River Niger (Apr. 16), based on the 1972 Joseph A. Walker play stars James Earl Jones as housepainter Johnny Williams, whose poems are eagerly purchased by physician Dudley Stanton (Louis Gossett Jr.), and who becomes disappointed in hailed USAF pilot Glynn Truman; also stars Cicely Tyson as Johnny's ailing wife Mattie; features a soundtrack by War. John G. Avildsen's Rocky (Nov. 21), filmed in 28 days with a $1M budget is a corny-but-uplifting rags-to-riches story of an underdog boxing champ in Philly, based on Bayonne, N.J. boxer ("the Bayonne Brawler") Chuck Wepner (1939-) (who went the distance with Muhammad Ali in 1975), and written and starred in by Sylvester "Sly" Stallone (1946-), who also goes from rags to riches when it becomes a blockbuster hit, doing $225M box office on a $1.1M budget; after becoming homeless for three days and selling his dog for $25 because he couldn't afford to feed it, he stands in front of the liquor store for three days waiting for the man to come along, and ends up paying him $15K to get the dog back; the stirring brassy song Gonna Fly Now is nominated for an Oscar; Stallone wrote the script in three days after watching the Ali-Wepner fight, and sells the rights to make the film on the condition that he is cast as the lead, then turns down a $150K offer to let Ryan O'Neal play his part; Stallone loses but nobody remembers?; "His whole life was a million-to-one shot"; "Women weaken legs"; "Yo, Adrian"; "I sat through Rocky at least 40 times, and every time I saw it, I got emotional" (Stallone); the first scene is a fight between Rocky and Spider Rico on Nov. 25, 1975; the pet turtles are Cuff and Link; #1 grossing film of 1976 ($117.2M). Lina Wertmuller's Seven Beauties (Pasqualino Settebellezze) (Jan. 21) stars Giancarlo Giannini as Pasqualino Frafuso, an Italian WWII soldier who deserts and ends up in a German prison camp, where he has flashbacks about his seven ugly sisters and his messed-up life. Herbert Ross' The Seven Percent Solution (Oct. 24), based on the Nicholas Meyer novel is about Sherlock Holmes meeting with Sigmund Freud to cure his cocaine addiction; guess who plays who: Alan Arkin (Freud), Nicol Williamson (Holmes), Laurence Olivier (Moriarty), Robert Duvall (Watson). Don Siegel's The Shootist (Aug. 20) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1975 Glendon Swarthout novel stars John Wayne as aging cancer-stricken gunfighter John Bernard "J.B." Brooks, "the most celebrated shootist extant", who arrives in Carson City, Nev. on Jan. 22, 1901 and laments that the Old West is dying and that he has to have one more gunfight; Lauren Bacall plays widow Bond Rogers, and Ron Howard plays his worshipful son Gillom Rogers; does $13.4M box office; "He's got to face a gunfight once more to live up to his legend once more. To win just one more time." Mel Brooks' Silent Movie (June 16) has only one word of spoken dialog, by French mime Marcel Marceau. Arthur Hiller's Silver Streak (Dec. 3) is a comedy film about an L.A. to Chicago train ride starring Gene Wilder, Richard Pryor, and Jill Clayburgh; #7 grossing film of 1976 ($51M). Francois Truffaut's Small Change (L'Argent de Poche) (Mar. 17) stars Geory Desmouceaux and Philippe Goldman in a flick about teachers and parents in summer 1976 Thiers. Frank Pierson's A Star is Born (Dec. 17), a remake of the 1954 film stars Barbra Streisand as Esther Hoffman, and Kris Kristofferson as John Norman Howard; Streisand introduces the hit song Evergreen (lyrics by Paul Williams); #4 grossing film of 1976 ($63.1M). Bob Rafelson's Stay Hungry (Apr. 23), based on the Charles Gaines novel stars Jeff Bridges, Sally Field, and Arnold Schwarzenegger in a yarn about the mob trying to buy out a small gym, er, about Ahnuld and his biceps. J. Lee Thompson's St. Ives (July 31) stars Charles Bronson as crime writer Raymond St. Ives, who turns detective; "He's clean. He's mean. He's the go-between"; first of a long collaboration between Thompson and Bronson. Daniel Petrie's NBC-TV movie Sybil (Nov. 14-15), based on the 1973 book by Flora Rheta Schreiber stars Sally Field as Sybil Dorsett, and Joanne Woodward as pshrink Cornelia Wilbur. Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (Feb. 8), written by Paul Schrader stars mohawk-wearing Robert De Niro as lonely insomniac porn-watching Vietnam vet borderline-psycho New York City taxi driver Travis Bickle, who strikes out with angel babe Betsy (Cybill Shepherd), and tries to save 12-y.-o. runaway child prostitute Iris Steensman from Pittsburgh, played by Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (1962-) from a city filled with human scum; becomes a classic for its You Talking to Me Mirror Monologue; shows scenes from Fred Donaldson's 1975 porno flick Sometime Sweet Susan featuring Harry Reems and Shawn Harris; also stars Leonard Harris as pres. candidate Sen. Palpatine, er, Charles Palantine, Albert Brooks in his acting debut as Tom, Peter Boyle as Wizard, and Harvey Keitel as pimp Sport; this is Foster's breakout year, with roles in Bugsy Malone, Freaky Friday, Echoes of a Summer, and The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane. Roman Polanski's The Tenant (Le Locataire) (June 11) stars Polanski as Polish file clerk Trelkovsky, who rents an apt. in Paris where the previous tenant committed suicide, and meets his girlfriend Stella (Isabelle Adjani), who drags him into doing ditto. Jim Freeman and Greg MacGillivray's To Fly! is a documentary on the history of flight; the first film shot in the IMAX format, debuting at the Nat. Air and Space Museum; #2 grossing film of 1976 ($82.5M), grossing $116M worldwide and becoming the #1 grossing documentary of all time until "Fahrenheit 9/11" in 2004. Plays: Jean Anouilh (1910-87), Chers Zoizeaux. Enid Bagnold (1889-1981), A Matter of Gravity (comedy). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Footfalls (Royal Court Theatre, London) (May 20); Rockababy. Howard Brenton (1942-), Weapons of Happiness (Lyttleton Theater, Nat. Theatre, London). Alex Bradford (1927-78), Vinnette Carroll (1922-2002), and Micki Grant (1941-), Your Arms Too Short to Box with God: A Soaring Celebration in Song and Dance (musical) (Lyceum Theatre, New York) (Dec. 22) (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Nov. 16, 1977) (429 perf.); based on the Gospel of Matthew; title from the 1927 poem "The Prodigal Son" by James Weldon Johnson; stars Vinnette Carroll; a 1980 revival becomes the Broadway debut of Jennifer Holliday. Caryl Churchill (1938-), Light Shining in Buckinghamshire. Donald Lee Coburn (1938-), The Gin Game (Am. Theater Arts, Hollywood) (Sept.) (Pulitzer Prize); stars Jessica Tandy and Hume Cronyn as old age home residents Weller Martin and Fonsia Dorsey, who get to know each other and themselves while playing gin rummy; first 2-char. play to receive a Pulitzer Prize; debuts on Oct. 6, 1977 at the John Golden Theatre in New York for 518 perf. Michael Cook (1933-94), Therese's Creed; The Fisherman's Revenge. Thomas Covington Dent (1932-98), Ritual Murder (New Orleans). David Edgar (1948-), Destiny (Stratford-upon-Avon's Other Place) (Sept. 22); the rise of right-wing extremism in Britain. Per Olov Enquist (1934-) and Anders Ehnmark, Chez Nous. Jules Feiffer (1929-), Knock Knock (Biltmore Theater, New York) (Feb. 24) (38 perf.); stars Lynn Redgrave and John Heffernan. Dario Fo (1926-), Mama's Marijuana is the Best. Horton Foote (1916-), A Young Lady of Property: Six Short Plays. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Washing (New York). Charles Henry Fuller Jr. (1939-), The Brownsville Raid (Negro Ensemble Co., New York) (Dec.); 167 black soldiers are dishonorably discharged after a shooting in a town near Brownsville, Tex. in 1906. Pam Gems (1925-), Dead Fish (Dusa, Fish, Stas, and Vi) (Hampstead Theatre, London) (Dec. 2); all-woman cast. Philip Glass (1937-) and Robert Wilson (1941-), Einstein on the Beach (opera) (July 25) (Avignon Festival); something about Relativity Theory and Burt Lancaster?; makes Glass and Wilson world-famous; first in the Portrait Trilogy, incl. "Satyagraha" (1979), "Akhnaten" (1983). Charles Gordone (1925-95), The Last Chord. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Dog Days (Oxford); Eyre Methuen (London). Danny Holgate, Emme Kemp, and Lillian Lopez, Bubblin' Brown Sugar (ANTA Theater, New York) (Mar. 2) (766 perf.); features old jazz songs by Duke Ellington, Fats Waller, Eubie Blake et al. Preston Jones (1936-79), A Texas Trilogy The Oldest Living Graduate, The Last Meeting of the Knights of the White Magnolia, Lu Ann Hampton Laverty Oberlander) (Broadhurst Theater, New York) (Sept. 23) (20 perf.); stars Fred Gwynne, Diane Ladd, and Henderson Forsythe. Adrienne Kennedy (1931-), A Movie Star Has to Star in Black and White. Thomas Kilroy (1934-), Tea and Sex and Shakespeare (The Abbey, Dublin). Pavel Kohout (1928-), Poor Murderer (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York); based on the short story "Thought" by Leonid Andreyev. William Luce, The Belle of Amherst. Arthur Miller (1915-2005), The Archbishop's Ceiling; Soviet mistreatment of dissident writers. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), Heaven and Hell; two Englishman have an accident and wake up in heaven. John Osborne (1929-94), Watch It Come Down; Almost a Vision. Rochelle Owens (1936-), Emma Instigated Me (New York). Robert Patrick (1937-), My Cup Runneth Over; commissioned by Marlo Thomas as a vehicle for herself and Lily Tomlin, neither of whom end up in it. John Pielmeier (1949-), A Chosen Room (first play) (Minneapolis). David Rabe (1940-), Streamers (Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater, New York) (Apr. 21) (478 perf.); last in the Vietnam War Trilogy ("The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel", "Sticks and Bones"); an army barracks in 1965, incl. black middle-class Roger (Terry Alexander), upper-class Manhattanite Richie (Peter Evans), conservative Wisc. country boy Billy (Paul Rudd), loose cannon Carlyle (Dorian Harewood), alcoholic Sgt. Cokes, aggressive Sgt. Rooney (Kenneth McMillan). Terence Rattigan (1911-77), Duologue. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/ When the Rainbow is Enuf (first play) (Booth Theatre, New York) (Sept. 15) (867 perf.); a "choreopoem" about seven black women dressed in different colors; stars Shange, Trazana Beverly, Laurie Carlos, Rise Collins, Aku Kadogo, June League, Paul Moss. Sam Shepard (1942-), The Sad Lament of Pecos Bill on the Eve of Killing His Wife. Neil Simon (1927-2018), California Suite (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (June 10) (445 perf.); set in Suite 203-04 of the Beverly Hills Hotel; stars Tammy Grimes, George Grizzard. Stephen Sondheim (1930-), Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), and John Weidman (1946-), Pacific Overtures (musical) (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (Jan. 11) (193 perf.); dir. by Harold Prince; about the 1853 opening of Japan to the Yanks; stars Mako as the narrator, with an all-Asian cast. Milan Stitt (1941-2009), The Runner Stumbles (Little Theater, New York) (May 18) (191 perf.); a priest (Stephen Joyce) is tried in Apr. 1911 for murdering a nun (Nancy Donohue); also stars Austin Pendleton. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Dirty Linen and New-Found-Land (Almost Free Theatre, London) (Apr. 5). David Storey (1933-), Mother's Day. Alexader Vampilov (1937-72), Duck Hunting (Utinoi Okhoty) (Academy Theater of Latvia, Riga) (Apr. 25); written in 1970; too bad, he drowned in Lake Baikal while fishing just as he was getting famous. Derek Walcott (1930-), O Babylon!. Poetry: Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), The Selected Poems, 1951-1977; Highgate Road. Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature; objects to subordination of Canadian lit. to Britain and the U.S., making her a star in Canada. Selected Poems, 1965-1975. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), Poesie Pratiche, Antologia 1954-1969. Earle Birney (1904-95), The Rugging and the Moving Times. Elizabeth Bishop (1911-79), Geography III (last collection). Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), La Moneda de Hierro (The Iron Coin). William Bronk (1918-99), Finding Losses; The Meantime; Twelve Losses Found. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Away; Hello; Mabel: A Story and Other Prose; Presences: A Text for Marisol; Selected Poems; Sparrow 40: Was That a Real Poem or Did You Just Make It Up Yourself. Thomas Covington Dent (1932-98), Magnolia Street (debut). Stephen Dunn (1939-), Full of Lust and Good Usage. Richard Eberhart (1904-2005), Collected Poems 1930-1976. William Everson (1912-94), River-Root: A Syzygy for the Bicentennial of These States; written in 1957. Tess Gallagher (1943-), Instructions to the Double. Barry Gifford (1946-), Persimmons: Poems or Paintings; The Boy You Have Always Loved. Thom Gunn (1929-2004), Jack Straw's Castle and Other Poems. Marilyn Hacker (1942-), Separations (Apr. 12). Richard Howard (1929-), Fellow Feelings. John Hollander (1929-), Reflections on Espionage. Denis Johnson (1949-), Inner Weather. Bill Knott (1940-), Rome in Rome. Ted Kooser (1939-), Not Coming to Be Barked At. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Uncollected Poems of Irving Layton, 1936-1959; For My Brother Jesus. Larry Levis (1946-96), The Afterlife. Audre Lorde (1934-92), Between Our Selves; Coal; incl. "Martha", in which she outs herself. James Merrill (1926-95), Divine Comedies (Pulitzer Prize); first of a trilogy using his gay lover David Jackson as his co-medium on the Ouija board. Lisel Mueller (1924-), The Private Life (debut). Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), Going for the Rain (debut). Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), The Argument of Innocence (posth.). John Ross (1938-2011), Jam (debut). Muriel Rukeyser (1913-80), The Gates. Anne Sexton (1928-74), 45 Mercy Street (posth.). Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Melissa & Smith (debut). Karl Shapiro (1913-2000), Adult Bookstore. Louis Simpson (1923-), Searching for the Ox. Dave Smith (1942-), Cumberland Station. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), A Dozen Oranges. Wislawa Szymborska (1923-2012), A Large Number; "Four billion people on this earth,/ but my imagination is the way it's always been:/ bad with large numbers." James Tate (1943-), Viper Jazz. Henry S. Taylor (1942-), The Water of Light: A Miscellany in Honor of Brewster Ghiselen. David Wagoner (1926-), Collected Poems. Derek Walcott (1930-), Sea Grapes; "The ancient war/ between obsession and responsibility/ will never finish." Richard Wilbur (1921-2017), The Mind-Reader: New Poems; incl. "Cottage Street, 1953", about his meeting with Sylvia Plath, and "For the Student Strikers", about the Kent State massacre. James Arlington Wright (1927-80), Moments of the Italian Summer. Jay Wright (1934-), Soothsayers and Omens (June); Dimensions of History (June). Bernice Zamora (1938-), Restless Serpents (debut); becomes a Chicano lit. hit. Novels: Richard Adams (1920-2016), The Tyger Voyage. Renata Adler (1938-), Speedboat (first novel); New York Times film critic in 1968-9 who jumped to the New Yorker. Spiro T. Agnew (1918-96), The Canfield Decision. Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95), The Alteration; what if the Reformation never happened? Rudolfo Anaya (1937-), Heart of Aztlan; N.M. Trilogy #2; a Mexican family moves to Albuquerque, N.M. Jeffrey Archer (1940-), Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less (first novel); by a British MP who lost all his money in a crooked Canadian investment and resigned in 1974 to begin a new career as a novelist. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), The Bicentennial Man; filmed in 1999 starring Robin Williams. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Lady Oracle; parody of Gothic romances and fairy tales; Romance novelist Joan Foster has an affair with a perforance artist named the Royal Pocupine to get away from her bipolar husband Arthur, and after her feminist poems become a hit she is blackmailed, causing her to fake her own death and flee to Italy. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Winthrop Covenant (short stories). Richard Bach (1936-), There's No Such Place As Far Away. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), A Quiet Life. Nanni Balestrini (1935-), La Violenza Illustrata. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), Low-Flying Aircraft and Other Stories. Donald Barthelme (1931-89), Amateurs (short stories); stories constructed from dialogue. H.E. Bates (1905-74), The Yellow Meads of Asphodel (posth.). Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), The Garments of Caean; about Peder Forbarth of the Ziode Cluster, who steals the legendary Frachonard suit. Ann Beattie (1947-), Chilly Scenes of Winter (first novel); love-smitten Charles, his Phi Beta Kappa friend Sam, and his mother, who spends too much time in the bathtub; filmed in 1979 as "Head Over Heels"; Distortions (short stories); the 60s generation gets lost in the 70s. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), A Necessary End: A Novel of World War II. Peter Benchley (1940-2006), The Deep. Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96), The Stepdaughter (first novel); a rich woman is deserted by her hubby and tormented by her fat stepdaughter. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Les Apparences (Durer's Angel). Leigh Brackett (1915-78), The Reavers of Skaith. John Braine (1922-86), Waiting for Sheila; Jim Seathwaite and his dominant wife. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), Sombrero Fallout: A Japanese Novel. William F. Buckley Jr. (1925-), Saving the Queen; a reaction to "Three Days of the Condor", portraying CIA agent Blackford Oakes as bound by rules, therefore the CIA is not an amoral maverick outfit after all as he infiltrates the British royal circle to plug leaks in the Queen's chambers in 1952; first in a 10-vol. series. Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Patternmaster (first novel). Taylor Caldwell (1900-85), Captains and the Kings: The Story of an American Dynasty; the Council on Foreign Relations and internat. corps. messed up the world, and somebody (like JFK) tried to break free and got assassinated. Forrest (Asa Earl) Carter (1925-79), The Education of Little Tree; alleged bio. of a Cherokee, which sells 9M copies; in 1991 it is revealed that the author is really Asa Carter, former KKK leder and George Wallace "Segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" speechwriter, and it is all fiction. Raymond Carver (1938-88), Will You Please Be Quiet, Please? (debut); 17 short stories about blue collar workers in 159 pages, founding the Minimalist School of Short Stories, with the theme that not only the rich can be losers in get-rich-dream America?; actually it was ed. Gordon Lish who cut his stories down, but it becomes a hit so why turn down a free trout? Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Postern of Fate; Sleeping Murder (last novel). Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), Chilam Balam Prophecies; trans. of Mayan prophecies. Richard Condon (1915-96), The Whisper of the Axe. Evan S. Connell Jr. (1924-), Double Honeymoon (last novel). Pat Conroy (1945-2016), The Great Santini; Marine fighter pilot Col. Bull Meecham rules his family like a fighter squadron, with an iron fist, ruining his wife and children; filmed in 1979. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Tide of Life; Victorian housekeeper Emily Kennedy and her three beaus Sep McGilby, Larry Birch, and Nick Stuart; turned into a 1996 miniseries dir. by David Wheatley. William Cooper (1910-2002), You're Not Alone: A Doctor's Diary. Harry Crews (1935-), A Feast of Snakes; set in Mystic, Ga., home of the annual Rattlesnake Roundup and Joe Lon Mackey, who goes beserk; "She felt the snake between her breasts, felt him there, and loved him there, coiled, the deep tumescent S held rigid, ready to strike." A.J. Cronin (1896-1981), Lady with Carnations. John Crowley (1942-), Beasts. Clive Cussler (1931-), Raise the Titanic!; Dirk Pitt #3; his first big hit. Edward Dahlberg (1900-77), The Olive of Minerva, or The Comedy of a Cuckold. Janet Dailey (1944-), No Quarter Asked; first of 75+ Harlequin paperback romances, selling 300M+ copies, making her #2 behind Barbara Cartland. Len Deighton (1929-), Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Spy (Catch a Falling Spy). Samuel R. Delany (1942-), Triton: An Ambiguous Heterotopia (Trouble on Triton); a sci-fi world modelled on East Village, N.Y.? Don DeLillo (1936-), Ratner's Star; 14-y.-o. math whiz Billy must decode a message from a distant star. Peter De Vries (1910-93), I Hear America Swinging; the sexual rev. R.B. Dominic, Murder Out of Commission; Benton Safford #5. Allen Drury (1918-98), A God Against the Gods; "horse-faced" Pharaoh Akhenaten. George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), Irrational Numbers (short stories). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), The Three Graces; Youth Without Youth; an old scholar in 1938 Bucharest retains his youth. Stanley Elkin (1930-95), The Franchiser; Am. salesman Ben Flesh collects franchises while fighting MS. Paul Emil Erdman (1932-2007), The Crash of '79; "Bill Hitchcock was one of America's great financiers, but having sold off his banks, he now works for the government - the Saudi Arabian government." James T. Farrell (1904-79), The Dunne Family. Ken Follett (Zachary Stone) (1949-), The Modigliani Scandal; an art historian becomes obsessed with a lost masterpiece. Richard Ford (1944-), A Piece of My Heart (first novel); Robert Hewes and Sam Newell duke it out on an uncharted island in the Mississippi River. Paula Fox (1923-), The Widow's Children. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Sabine (Lake Isle) (Henri Castang #3). Sheila Fugard (1932-), Rite of Passage. Alan Furst (1941-), Your Day in the Barrel (first novel). John Gardner (1933-82), October Light; an elderly Vt. farmer James Page holds an existential philosophical debate with his older sister Sally Abbot after shooting her color TV and locking her up in her room with a trashy novel. Gail Godwin (1937-), Dream Children; Mrs. McNair. Joe Gores (1931-) and Bill Pronzini (eds.), Tricks and Treats. Lois Gould (1932-2002), A Sea Change; by the daughter of fashion designer Jo Copeland. Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Four Swans; Poldark Saga #6. Patrick Grainville (1947-), Les Flamboyants; black African king Tokor and how he grosses out and fascinates a young white Euro - I'm off the junk? Joanne Greenberg (1932-), Founder's Praise. Gael Greene (1935-), Blue Skies, No Candy; bestseller by New York "Insatiable Critic" food critic about a female scriptwriter's bed adventures, using food-lover language to portray female sexual response. Judith Guest (1936-), Ordinary People (first novel); bestseller about suicidal teenie Conrad "Con" Jarrett, who struggles to handle the accidental death of his brother Jordan "Buck" Jarrett with his father Calvin "Cal" Jarrett in the Chicago suburbs; filmed in 1980. Alex Haley (1921-92), Roots: The Saga of an American Family (Aug. 17) (Pulitzer Prize); bestseller that Haley calls "faction", a combo of fact and fiction, claiming to have spent 12 years researching his family in W Africa, discovering his first ancestor Kunta Kinte from Juffure, Gambia in 1750 (spawning a tourist boom there as well as a genealogy craze in the U.S.); the saga ends at a funeral in Ark.; spawns the most successful TV miniseries of the decade on ABC-TV in 1977, changing American perceptions of blacks; on Apr. 19, 1977 he receives a special Pulitzer Prize it; in 1988 black poet Margaret Walker unsuccessfully sues him for plagiarizing her 1966 novel "Jubilee"; in 1997 a BBC documentary exposes his work as plagiarism, and he later pays white writer Harold Courlander $650K, but since he's such a PC sacred cow it's covered up by the U.S. media? Peter Handke (1942-), The Left-Handed Woman. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Farmer; gimp farmer Joseph in 1950s middle Mich. John Hawkes (1925-98), Travesty (Dec. 12); a French poet explains why he's going to crash his car with his daughter and her friend in it. Michel Henry (1922-2002), L'Amour Les Yeux Fermes (Love with Closed Eyes); a Mediterranean city in its prime suffers from an evil that destroys it. George V. Higgins (1939-99), Storm Warning; The Judgement of Deke Hunter. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Happiness Is Too Much Trouble; "A Das Kapital for women". Clifford Irving (1930-) and Herbert Burkholz (1933-2006), The Death Freak. Gayl Jones (1949-), Eva's Man; an African-Am. woman poisons and dismembers her abusive lover. Sue Kaufman (1926-77), The Master and Other Stories. Maxine Hong Kingston (1940-), The Woman Warrior: Memoir of a Girlhood Among Ghosts (first novel); autobio. novel by Chinese-Am. woman becomes a hit with college lit. teachers. Milan Kundera (1929-), The Farewell Waltz; a spa run by mad scientist Dr. Skreta. Louis L'Amour (1908-88), To the Far Blue Mountains. John Frederick Lehmann (1907-87), In the Purely Pagan Sense; autobio. novel about his gay love life in England and Germany. Rosamond Lehmann (1901-90), A Sea-Grape Tree. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Swag; small-time criminal Ernest Stickley Jr. and used car salesman Frank Ryan. Ira Levin (1929-2007), The Boys from Brazil (Oct. 21); a neo-Nazi plot to clone little Hitlers, yi yi yi; filmed in 1978. Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), At Sunrise, the Rough Music. Graham Lord (1943-), Time Out of Mind. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), Agent in Place. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), The Golden Gate; a team of criminals led by Peter Branson kidnap the U.S. pres. on the Golden Gate Bridge and hole him for a $500M ransom. Norman Maclean (1902-90), A River Runs Through It and Other Stories; "My father was very sure about certain matters pertaining to the universe. To him, all good things - trout as well as eternal salvation - come by grace and grace comes by art and art does not come easy"; "Poets talk about 'spots of time', but it is really fishermen who experience eternity compressed into a moment. No one can tell what a spot of time is until suddenly the whole world is a fish and the fish is gone. I shall remember that son of a bitch forever." Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Confess, Fletch; introduces Inspector Francis Xavier Flynn. Alistair McLeod (1936-), The Lost Salt Gift of Blood (short stories). Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Still Waters. George Mikes (1912-87), Mortal Passion. Nicholasa Mohr (1938-), In Nueva York (short stories) (Dec. 31). Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Details of a Sunset and Other Stories; all written between 1924-35. Ruth Nichols (1948-), Song of the Pearl. Larry Niven (1938-) and Jerry Pournelle (1933-), Inferno. Robert Nye (1939-), Falstaff; bestseller about 81-y.-o. Sir John Falstaff spinning out a ribald memoir. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Childwold. Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), The Pinch Runner Memorandum (Pinchiranna Chosho). Michael Ondaatje (1943-), Coming Through Slaughter; jazz novel set in New Orleans about Buddy Bolden, first of the great trumpet players. Cynthia Ozick (1928-), Bloodshed and Three Novellas. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), Never Pick Up Hitch-Hikers!; Alf picks up William in order to frame him on a crime; The Hounds of Sunset; Brothers of Gwynedd #3. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), Promised Land; Spenser #4. James Patterson (1947-), The Thomas Berryman Number (first novel). Harvey Pekar (1939-2010), American Splendor; an Am. underground comic book series that becomes a cult hit. Georges Perec (1936-82), Alphabets; illustrated by Dado. Harry Mark Petrakis (1923-), The Hour of the Bell; the 1821-9 Greek war of independence from the Ottomans. Jayne Anne Phillips (1952-), Sweethearts (short stories) (debut). Marge Piercy (1936-), Woman on the Edge of Time; 37-y.-o. Bellevue Hospital psychiatric ward patient Consuelo "Connie" Ramos time-travels to 2137 with Luciente to a world where women don't reproduce anymore, property doesn't exist, and the concept of gender is moot; the first cyberpunk novel? Frederik Pohl (1919-), Man Plus; about cyborg humans colonizing Mars. Richard Price (1949-), Bloodbrothers; filmed in 1978. Manuel Puig (1932-90), Kiss of the Spider Woman (El Beso de la Mujer); M arxist revolutionary Valentin and gay window dresser Molina share a prison cell for 6 mo. and fall in gay luv. James Purdy (1914-2009), In a Shallow Grave; disfigured vet Garnet Montrose woos childhood sweetheart widow Georgina Rance while Qintus Pearch reads to him and Potter Daventry courts her for him, but falls in love and marries her, after which a freak storm carries him away. Vance Randolph (1892-1980), Pissing in the Snow and Other Ozark Folktales (short stories). Jean Raspail (1925-), The King's Game. Ishmael Reed (1938-), Flight to Canada; satire of "Uncle Tom's Cabin". Anne Rice (1941-2021), Interview with the Vampire; bestseller (8M copies); #1 in the 13-vol. Vampire Chronicles (ends 2018), about ancient vampire Lestat de Lioncourt and his recruits Louis de Pointe du Lac and Claudia from 1791 New Orleans; Louis tells his 200-year life story to reporter Daniel Molloy in San Francisco, Calif., who learns nothing and begs to be made a vampire; filmed in 1994 starring Tom Cruise as Lestat, Brad Pitt as Louis, Kirsten Dunst as Claudia, and Christian Slater as the interviewer; written in five weeks from a short story that was spurred by the 1972 death of her daughter Michele from leukemia. Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008), Topologie d'une Cite Fantome (Topology of a Phantom City). Tom Robbins (1932-), Even Cowgirls Get the Blues; Sissy Hankshaw has the biggest thumbs in the world, and aspires to be the world's greatest hitchhiker, but first tries a NYC modeling career for the gay Countess, who introduces to her betrothed, Julian Gitche the Mohawk, and sends her to the Rubber Rose ranch, run by eco-lesbians, where she hooks up with Bonanza Jellybean and the Chink; filmed in 1994. Joanna Russ (1937-2011), The Adventures of Alyx (short stories). William Sansom (1912-76), The Cautious Heart. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Tangent Objective. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Os Apontamentos. Nathalie Sarraute (1900-99), Disent les Imbeciles. Thomas Savage (1915-), Midnight Line. Hubert Selby Jr. (1928-2004), The Demon; Harry White falls from corporate success to ruin. Carol Shields (1935-2003), Small Ceremonies. Anne Rivers Siddons (1936-), Heartbreak Hotel (first novel). Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Down to the Bone; The Widower's Son. Robert Silverberg (1935-), Shadrach in the Future. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), Shakespeare's Planet; Carter Horton sleeps 2K years and finds himself on a planet inhabited only one living entity, Carnivore. Muriel Spark (1918-2006), The Takeover; Hubert Mallindaine and the spirit of the goddess Diana. Scott Spencer (1945-), Preservation Hall. Olaf Stapledon (1886-1950), Four Encounters (posth.); a Christian, a scientist, a mystic, and a revolutionary in post-WWII Britain. Wallace Stegner (1909-93), The Spectator Bird; retired lit. agent Joe Allston recalls a trip to Denmark 20 years earlier to find his roots, and reads a journal about a noble Danish family that was into incest and eugenics. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), Some Achieve Greatness (last novel). Elizabeth Taylor (1912-75), Blaming. Earl Thompson (1931-78), Caldo Largo; a Johnny Hand's fishing boat, which he is asked to smuggle guns into Cuba with. Rose Tremain (1943-), Sadler's Birthday (first novel); Jack Sadler. William Trevor (1928-), The Children of Dynmouth. Thomas Tryon (1926-91), Crowned Heads (short stories). Barry Unsworth (1930-2012), The Big Day; Donald Cuthberton's Regional School holds Degree Day and a birthday party for his wife Lavinia on the same day. John Updike (1932-2009), Marry Me: A Romance; betrayed wife Ruth Conant and suburban infidelity in 1962 Conn.; "People don't act like that any more." Leon Uris (1924-2003), Trinity; the Irish independence struggle (an Irish Exodus?); Bobby Sands' favorite book? Gore Vidal (1925-2012), 1876; Charles Schuyler returns to Washington, D.C. at the height of the corrupt Grant admin. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Slapstick; or, Lonesome No More!; the last pres. of the U.S. suffers from Tourette's Syndrome and becomes the king of Manhattan (Island of Death) with his twin sister. Alice Walker (1944-), Meridian; the love triangle of Meridian, Truman, and Lynne in the racist Am. South. Irving Wallace (1916-90), The R Document. Frank Waters (1902-95), Flight from Fiesta. Alec Waugh (1898-1981), Married to a Spy. Fay Weldon (1931-), Remember Me. Paul West (1930-), Gala. Patrick White (1912-90), A Fringe of Leaves; white woman Eliza Fraser is shipwrecked in Australia in 1836 and taken in by the Aborigines. Richard Yates (1926-92), The Easter Parade. Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), A Rose for Ana Maria. Helen Yglesias (1915-2008), Family Feeling. Al Young (1939-), Sitting Pretty; Sidney J. Prettymore becomes a radio talk-show celeb. Sol Yurick (1925-2013), An Island Death. Roger Zelazny (1937-95), Doorways in the Sand; about how Earth joins a galactic confederation by trading the Mona Lisa and the British Crown Jewels for the Star-Stone and the Rhennius Machine. Births: Spanish "Laura in 7 Vidas", "Sex and Lucia" actress Paz Vega (Paz Campos Trigo) on Jan. 2 in Seville. Am. "Det. Marco Rodriguez in Melrose Place", "D.J. in The O.C." actor Nicholas Gonzalez on Jan. 3 in San Antonio, Tex. German "Mike Krause in Salt", "Maj. Hellstrom in Inglourious Basterds" actor August Diehl on Jan. 4 in Berlin. Am. "Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter" novelist-producer Seth Grahame-Smith on Jan. 4 in Weston, Conn.; educated at Emerson College. Am. "Who's the Boss?" actor (gay) Daniel John "Danny" Pintauro on Jan. 6 in Milltown, N.J. Am. baseball outfielder Alfonso Pacheco Soriano on Jan. 7 in Dominican Repub. Am. singer-musician-actress Jennifer Diane "Jenny" Lewis (Rilo Kiley) on Jan. 8 in Las Vegas, Nev. English "A Girl Like Me" singer-songwriter-actress Emma Lee "Baby Spice" Bunton (Spice Girls) on Jan. 21 in Finchley, London. Am. heavy metal musician William M. "Willie" Adler (Lamb of God) on Jan. 26; brother of Chris Adler (1972-). French "Luc Laurent in Brothers & Sisters" actor Gilles Marini on Jan. 26 in Grasse, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur; Italian father, Greek mother. Am. auto racer Buddy Rice on Jan. 31 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. "The Venture Bros." actor-musician-artist Eric Arthur (Doc) Hammer (Weep) on Feb. 2 in New London, Conn.; suffers from vitiligo of the scalp, causing his hair to grow in two different colors. Colombian "Laundry Service" singer-songwriter Shakira (Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll) on Feb. 2 in Barranquilla. British-Australian "Gloria Cleary in Wedding Crashers", "Rebecca Bloomwood in Confessions of a Shopaholic" actress-novelist (Jewish) Isla (Ayala) Lang Fisher on Feb. 3 in Muscat, Oman; Scottish parents; grows up in Perth, Western Australia; wife (2010-) of Sascha Baron Cohen (1971-). Am. "Killa Season" rapper-actor (black) Cam'ron (Killa Cam) (Cameron Ezike Giles) (The Diplomats, Dipset) on Feb. 4 in Harlem, N.Y.; likes to wear pink. Am. "Top Chef" TV host Kelly Choi on Feb. 7 in Seoul, South Korea. Am. "Charlie Kelly in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" actor-writer-producer Charles Peckham "charlie" Day on Feb. 9 in Hempstead, N.Y.; educated at Merrimack College; husband (2006-) of Mary Elizabeth Ellis (1979-). English musician-artist Mr. Scruff (Andy Carthy) on Feb. 10 in Macclesfield, Cheshire. Am. "Wesley T. Owens in Mr. Belevedere" actor James Brice Beckham on Feb. 11 in Long Beach, Calif. Am. model Anna Benson on Feb. 12 in Atlanta, Ga.; wife (1999-) of Kris Benson (1974-). Am. chef Aaron Sanchez (Aarón Sánchez) on Feb. 12 in El Paso, Tex. Canadian-Am. singer-songwriter Leslie Feist (Broken Social Scene) on Feb. 13 in Amherst, Nova Scotia. Am. "Pardon Me" rock musician Brandon Charles "Happy Knappy" Boyd (Incubus) on Feb. 15 in Van Nuys, Calif. Am. Hollywood Ripper/Chiller Killer serial murderer Michael Thomas Gargiulo on Feb. 15 in Glenview, Ill. Scottish "Diane in Trainspotting", "Carla Jean Moss in No Country for Old Men" actress Kelly Macdonald on Feb. 23 in Glasgow. Israeli "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind", "21 Lessons for the 21st Century" historian Yuval Noah Harari on Feb. 24 in Kiryat Ata; educated at Hebrew U. of Jerusalem: "Homo sapiens as we know them will disappear in a century or so." Am. 5'11" golfer (Roman Catholic-turned-Baptist) Zachary Harris "Zach" Johnson on Feb. 24 in Iowa City, Iowa; educated at Drake U. Am. "Louisa Fenn on Boston Public", "Karen Filippelli in The Office" actress-model-musician (black) (Jewish) Rashida Leah Jones on Feb. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Quincy Jones (1933-) and Peggy Lipton (1946-); sister of Kidada Jones (1974-); educated at Harvard U. Am. "I Know What You Did Last Summer" actor Freddie Prinze Jr. on Mar. 8 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Freddie Prinze (1954-77); Puerto Rican-German father, Italian mother; husband (2002-) of Sarah Michelle Gellar (1977-). Am. "Steven Hyde in That '70s Show" actor (Scientologist) Daniel Peter "Danny" Masterson on Mar. 13 in Albertson, Long Island, N.Y.; brother of Christopher Masterson (1980-). Am. "Peter Russo in House of Cards", "Schnaider in Salt" actor (Jewish) Corey Daniel Stoll on Mar. 14 in New York City; educated at Oberlin College. Am. rock singer-songwriter-actor Chester Charles Bennington (d. 2017) (Linkin Park, Stone Temple Pilots, Dead by Sunrise) on Mar. 20 in Phoenix, Ariz. Am. "June Carter in Walk the Line" actress Reese Witherspoon on Mar. 22 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. "Laura Winslow in Family Matters" actress (black) Kellie Shanygne Williams on Mar. 22 in Washington, D.C. Am. "Julia in Mission: Impossible III", "Kimberly Woods in Boston Public" actress (Roman Catholic) Michelle Lynn Monaghan on Mar. 23 in Winthrop, Iowa; of Irish and German descent. Am. "Felicity Porter in Felicity", "KGB agent Elizabeth Jennings in The Americans" actress Keri Lynn Russell on Mar. 23 in Fountain Valley, Calif.; stars on the "All-New Mickey Mouse Club" show on Disney Channel in 1991-4. Am. 6'5" football QB (Indianapolis Colts #18, 1998-) (Denver Broncos #18, 2012-) ("the Sheriff") Peyton (Gael. "royal") Williams Manning on Mar. 24 in New Orleans, La.; son of New Orleans Saints QB Archie Manning (1949-); brother of QB Eli Manning (1981-); educated at the U. of Tenn. Am. "Carmen Ibanez's co-pilot in Starship Troopers" actress-model Amy Lysle Smart on Mar. 26 in Topanga, Calif. Am. tennis player Jennifer Marie Capriati on Mar. 29 in New York City. Australian "Mouse in The Matrix", "Damian Roberts in Home and Away" actor Matthew N. Doran on Mar. 30 in Sydney, N.S.W. English "Louis Gaines in The Butler", "MLK Jr. in Selma", "Danny Hunter in Spooks" actor-dir.-writer (black) (Baptist) David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo on Apr. 1 in Oxford; Nigerian Yoruba immigrant parents; educated at City and Islington College; becomes U.S. citizen on July 20, 2016. Am. "D.J. Tanner in Full House" actress Candace Helaine Cameron Bure on Apr. 6 in Panorama City, Calif.; sister of Kirk Cameron (1970-). Am. Christian evangelist David Wood on Apr. 7 in ?; educated at Old Dominion U., and Fordham U. Am."1619 Project" journalist (black) Nikole Hannah-Jones on Apr. 9 in Waterloo, Ioa; black mother, Czech-English descent mother; educated at the U. of Notre Dame, and U. of N.C. Am. country singer Melissa Ann Lawson on Apr. 10 in Arlington, Tex. Am. 7'0" basketball player (white) (Charlotte Hornets, 1998-2000) (Sacramento Kings, 2003-9) Bradley Alan "Brad" Miller on Apr. 12 in Kendallville, Ind.; educated at Purdue U. Am. "Dennis Reynolds in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" actor-producer-writer Glenn Franklin Howerton III on Apr. 13 in Japan; educated at Juilliard School; husband (2009-) of Jill Latiano (1981-). Am. "Amish boy in Witness" actor Lukas Haas on Apr. 16 in West Hollywood, Calif.; one of triplets. Am. "Sabrina the Teenage Witch" actress Melissa Joan Hart on Apr. 18 in Smithtown, Long Island, N.Y. Am. "Kenny in Breaking Bad" actor Kevin Rankin on Apr. 18 in Baton Rouge, La. Am. bowler Michelle Feldman on Apr. 19 in Skaneateles, N.Y. Am. "Joey Russo in Blossom" actor Joey Lawrence (Joseph Lawrence Mignona Jr.) on Apr. 20 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. 6'11" basketball player (black) (San Antonio Spurs #21, 1997-2016) Timothy Theodore "Tim" Duncan on Apr. 25 in Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands; part of the Twin Towers with David Robinson (1965-); switches from swimming to basketball after 1989 Hurricane Hugo destroys the only Olympic-size pool on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Rock musician Jose Pasillas (Incubus) on Apr. 26. English "Elisa Esposito in The Shape of Water" actress Sally Cecilia Hawkins on Apr. 27 in Dulwich, London; grows up in Blackheath; educated at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Isaeli politician (Jewish) Ayelet Shaked on May 7 in Tel Avivl; Russian Jewish immigrant mother, Iranian Jewish immigrant father; educated at Tel Aviv U. Am. 6'5" football QB (San Diego Chargers, 1998-2000) Ryan David Leaf on May 15 in Great Falls, Mont.; educated at Washington State College. Am. 6'11" basketball power forward (black) (Minn. Timberwolves #11, 1995-2007, 2015-) (Boston Celtics #5, 2007-13) (Brooklyn Nets #2, 2013-15) Kevin Maurice Garnett on May 19 in Mauldin, S.C.; in 1995 he becomes the first NBA player drafted out of high school since 1975. Irish "Scarecrow in Batman Begins", "Jackson Rippner in Red Eye" actor Cillian Murphy on May 25 in Douglas, County Cork; known for his distinctive blue eyes. Am. "Randy Hickey in My Name is Earl", "Louie Lastik in Remember the Titans" actor (Scientologist) Ethan Suplee on May 25 in Manhattan, N.Y. Am. "Gaara of the Desert in Naruto" voice actor Liam Christopher O'Brien on May 28 in Belleville, N.J.; husband of Amy Kincaid. Irish "Stu Shepard in Phone Booth", "Bullseye in Daredevil", "Alexander" actor Colin James Farrell on May 31 in Castleknock, Dublin. Am. auto racer James Christopher "Jamie" McMurray on June 3 in Joplin, Mo. Am. cyclist Nicole Louise Reinhart (d. 2000) on June 3. Am. 6'-2-1/2" tennis player Lindsay Ann Davenport on June 8 in Laguna Beach, Calif. Yemeni AQAP leader (Sunni Muslim) Nasir Abdel Karim al-Wuhayshi (Naser al-Wahishi) (d. 2015) (AKA Abu Basir) on June 12. Am. rock singer Dryden Vera Mitchell (Alien Ant Farm) on June 15 in Redondo Beach, Calif. Am. "Austin" country singer Blake Tollison Shelton on June 18 in Ada, Okla. Am. gospel singer Leigh Bingham Nash (Sixpence None the Richer) on June 27 in New Braunfels, Tex. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Satam Muhammed Abdel Rahman al-Suqami (d. 2001) on June 28 in Riyadh. Am. "Tarek in The Visitor" actor Haaz Sleiman on July 1 in Beirut, Lebanon; emigrates to the U.S. in 1997l educated at Wayne State U. Am. NBC News TV journalist Kristen Welker on July 1 in Philadelphia, Penn.; white father, black mother; educated at Harvard U. Am. rapper-actor (black) Curtis James "50 Cent" Jackson III on July 6 in Queens, N.Y.; starts out as a drug-dealing high school dropout, is shot 9x (incl. in the face), is reborn as a rapper, then becomes an actor. Argentine-French "Christiana in A Knight's Tale", "Peppy Miller in The Artist" actress Berenice Bejo on July 7 in Buenos, Aires; emigrates to France at age 3. Am. "Death by Engagement" actress (lesbian) Iyari Limon on July 8 in Guadalajara, Mexico. Am. "Kevin Arnold in The Wonder Years" actor (Jewish) Fredrick Aaron "Fred" Savage on July 9 in Highland Park, Ill.; educated at Stanford U. Am. rock singer Elijah Blue Allman (P. Exeter Blue I) (Deadsy) on July 10; son of Cher (1946-) and Gregg Allman (1947-); brother of Chastity Bono (1969-). Am. "Vincent Chase in Entourage" actor-dir. Adrian Grenier on July 10 in Albuuerque, N.M.; raised in Brooklyn, N.Y. Am. "This House" R&B singer-actress (black) Tracie Monique Spencer on July 12 in Waterloo, Iowa. German "Dr. Abigail Chase in National Treasure", "Helen in Troy", "Bridget von Hammersmark in Inglourious Basterds" actress-model Diane Kruger (Heidkrüger) on July 15 in Algermissen, Lower Saxony. Israeli 5'2" tennis player (Jewish) Anna Smashnova on July 16 in Minsk, Belarus. Am. "Someone Else Calling You Baby" country singer-songwriter Thomas Luther "Luke" Bryan on July 17 in Leesburg, Ga. Italian chef Gennaro "Gino" D'Acampo on July 17 in Torre del Greco. English "William Pitt in Amazing Grace" actor Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch on July 19 in London; educated at the U. of Manchester. Am. Olympic swimmer Nadia Anita Nall on July 21 in Harrisburg, Penn.; named after Nadia Comaneci. U.S. Rep. (D-Mich.) (2018-) (Sunni Muslim) Rashida Harbi Tlaib on July 24 in Detroit, Mich.; Palestinian immigrant parents; educated at Wayne State U., and Western Mich. U. Am. singer-songwriter Azure Flame (Catherine Provenza) on July 26 in Vero Beach, Fla. Am. Hillary Clinton staffer (Sunni Muslim) Huma Mahmood Abedin on July 28 in Kalamazoo, Mich.; Indian father, Pakistani mother; grows up in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; educated at George Washington U. Colombian pres. #33 (2018-) Ivan Duque Marquez (Iván Duque Márquez) on Aug. 1 in Bogota; son of Ivan Duque Escobar (1937-2016); educated at Sergio Arboleda U., Am. U., and Georgetown U. Australian "Marcus Wright in Terminator Salvation", "Jake Sully in Avator", "Perseus in Clash of the Titans" actor Samuel Henry John "Sam" Worthington on Aug. 2 in Godalming, Surrey, England; grows up in Perth, Western Australia, and Warnbro (near Rockingham). Am. computer scientist Samuel R. Madden on Aug 4 in San Diego, Calif.; educated at MIT, and UCB. Am. "Penelope in Punky Brewster", "Roxie King in Sabrina the Teenage Witch" actress-dir.-screenwiter Soleil Moon Frye on Aug. 6 in Glendora, Calif.; daughter of Virgil Frye (1930-2012). Am. Uber co-founder Travis Cordell Kalanick on Aug. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. singer-songwriter-producer JC (Joshua Chasez) ('N Sync) on Aug. 8 in Washington, D.C. Am. "Dancing with the Stars season 2 winner" singer-actor Andrew John "Drew" Lachey (98 Degrees) on Aug. 8 in Cincinnati, Ohio; brother of Nick Lachey (1973-). Saudi 9/11 hijacker Nawaf Muhammed Salim al-Hazmi (d. 2011) on Aug. 9 in Mecca. English "Lara Croft in Tomb Raider", "Kit McGraw in Nip/Tuck", "Sonja in Underworld: Rise of the Lycans" actress Rhona Natasha Mitra on Aug. 9 in Hampstead, London; Bengali Indian descent father, Irish mother. Am. "Eric Matthews in Boy Meets World" actor William Alan "Will" Friedle on Aug. 11 in Hartford, Conn. Am. rock musician-singer Benjamin Gibbard (Death Cab for Cutie) on Aug. 11 in Bremerton, Wash. Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (Boston Celtics #8, 1996-2003) Antoine Devon Walker on Aug. 12 in Chicago, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ky. Ethiopian PM #10 (2018-) (black) (Protestant) Abiy Ahmed Ali on Aug. 15; in Beshasha, Jimma; Muslim Oromo father, Ethiopian Orthodox Christian Amhara mother; educated at the U. of Greenwich, Ashland U., and Addis Ababa U.; 2019 Nobel Peace Prize. Am. rock bassist Dirk Lance (Alex Katunich) (Incubus) on Aug. 18; stage name comes from anon. star of '70s porn flick. Am. "Theo Huxtable in The Cosby Show" actor (black) Malcolm-Jamal Warner on Aug. 18 in Jersey City, N.J. Australian "Mick St. John in Moonlight" actor Alex O'Loughlin on Aug. 24 in Canberra; passed up for the 007 James Bond role by Daniel Craig. Am. Toms Shoes founder Blake Mycoskie on Aug. 26 in Arlington, Tex.; educated at SMU. Canadian actress Sarah Cassandra Chalke on Aug. 27 in Ottawa. Israeli-Arab 6'5" serial murderer ("the Flint Serial Slasher/Stabber") Elias Abuelazam on Aug. 29 in Ramla, Israel; Christian Arab parents; moves to the U.S. as a child. Am. porno actress Lola on Aug. 30 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Cuban parents. Am. country singer-songwriter Angaleena Loletta McCoy Presley (Pistol Annies) on Sept. 1 in Martin County, Ky.; grows up in Beauty, Ky.; no relation to Elvis Presley. Dutch "Rachel Stein in Black Book", "Tom Cruise's wife Nina von Stauffenberg in Valkyrie" actress Carice Anouk van Houten on Sept. 5 in Leiderdorp. English "Tia Dalma in Pirates of the Caribbean", "Eve Moneypenny in Skyfall" actress (black) (Buddhist) Naomie Melanie Harris on Sept. 6 in London; Jamaican mother; educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge U. Am. musician-songwriter-producer (Jewish) Harper James Simon on Sept. 7 in New York City; son of Paul Simon (1941-); debuts at age 4 on "Sesame Street" singing "Bingo" with daddy. Am. "Sami Gene Brady in Days of Our Lives" actress Alison Ann Sweeney on Sept. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif. Mexican-Am. "Trading Spaces" TV personality Carter Oosterhouse (pr. OH) on Sept. 19 in Traverse City, Mich. Am. conservative TV personality Ainsley Earhardt on Sept. 20 in Spartanburg, S.C.; educated at Fla. State U., and U. of S.C. Am. 6'3" basketball player (black) (Boston Celtics #4, 1978-8) (Toronto Raptors #3, 1998-9) (Denver Nuggets #1, 1999-2000) (Minnesota Timberwolves #4, 2000-2) (Detroit Pistons #1, 2002-8, 2013-14) (Denver Nuggets #7/#1, 2008-11) (New York Knicks #4, 2011) (Los Angeles Clippers #1, 2011-13) Chauncey Ray "Mr. Big Shot" Billups on Sept. 25 in ?; educated at the U. of Colo. English "Cersei Lannister in Game of Thrones", "Sarah Connor in Terminator" actress Lena Headey on Oct. 3 in Hamilton, Bermuda. Am. "Steve Stifler in American Pie" actor Seann William Scott on Oct. 3 in Cottage Grove, Minn. Am. "Batgirl in Batman & Robin", "Cher Horowitz in Clueless" actress-producer (vegetarian) (high school dropout) Alicia Silverstone on Oct. 4 in San Francisco, Calif. Chechnyan pres. #3 (2007-) (Sunni Muslim) Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov on Oct. 5 in Tsentoroi, Russia; son of Akhmad Kadyrov (1951-2004). Am. 6'1" football CB (black) (Oakland Raiders #24, 1998-2005, 2013-) (Green Bay Packers, 2006-12) Charles Woodson on Oct. 7 in Fremont, Ohio; educated at the U. of Mich.; first defensive player to win the Heisman Trophy until ?. Am. "Teddy in The Three Stooges" actor (Mormon) Kirby Heyborne on Oct. 8 in Evanston, Wyo.; educated at the U. of Utah. Am. baseball outfielder Patrick Brian "Pat" Burrell III on Oct. 10 in Eureka Springs, Ark. Am. "Dr. Temperance Bones Brennan in Bones" actress-producer (vegan) Emily Erin Deschanel on Oct. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of actress Mary Jo Deschanel (1945-) and cinematographer Caleb Deschanel (1944-); sister of Zooey Deschanel (1980-); great-granddaughter of French pres. Paul Deschanel; educated at Boston U.; wife (2010-) of David Hornsby. Am. "Ghost Dad" actor (black) Omar M. :Big O" Gooding on Oct. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif.; brother of Cuba Gooding Jr. (1968-). Canadian country musician Jeff Loberg (Emerson Drive) on Oct. 20. Canadian "Michael Leslie Berg Bergen in Two Guys and a Girl", "Deadpool" actor-producer (Roman Catholic) Ryan Rodney Reynolds on Oct. 23 in Vancouver, B.C.; Irish ancestry; husband (2008-11) of Scarlett Johansson (1984-), and (2012-) Blake Lively (1987-). Am. "Chopped" chef Maneet Chauhan on Oct. 27 in Ludhiana, Punjab. Am. country singer Kassidy Lorraine Osborn (SHeDAISY) on Oct. 30 in Magna, Utah; sister of Kristyn Robyn Osborn (1970-) and Kelsi Marie Osborn (1974-). Am. poet Seth Abramson on Oct. 31 in Concord, Mass.; educated at Dartmouth College, Harvard U., and U. of Wisc. Am. "Violet Jersey Sanford in Coyote Ugly" actress Piper Lisa Perabo on Oct. 31 in Dallas, Tex.; of Portuguese-Norwegian descent; named after Piper Laurie; grows up in Toms River, N.J. Iraqi ISIS leader #2 (2019-22) Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi (nee Amir Mohammed Abdul Rahman al-Mawli al-Salbi) (d. 2022) on Oct. ? in Tal Afar. Am. "Charlie Holloway in Prometheus" actor Logan Marshall-Green on Nov. 1 in Charleston, S.C.; twin brother Taylor; educated at the U. of Tenn., and NYU. Am. 5'3" serial murderer James Dale Ritchie (d. 2016) on Nov. 4 in Anchorage, Alaska. Am. rock guitarist Robert Caggiano (Anthrax) on Nov. 7. Am. rocker Daren Jay "D.J." Ashba (Guns N'Roses) on Nov. 10 in Monticello, Ind. Am. "J.T. Lambert in Step by Step" actor Brandon Spencer Lee Call on Nov. 17 in Torrance, Calif. Am. actress-model Daisy Fuentes on Nov. 17 in Havana, Cuba; moves to Spain at age 3, and N.J. at age 7. Am. hip hop artist Paul "Sage" Francis on Nov. 18 in Providence, R.I. Am. Twitter founder Jack Patrick Dorsey on Nov. 19 in St. Louis, Mo.; educated at NYU. Am. "Caleb Applewhite on Desperate Housewives" actor (black) Page Kennedy on Nov. 23; fired from Desperate Housewives in Nov. 2005. Am. "In the House" actress (black) Maia Campbell on Nov. 26 in Takoma Park, Md. Am. "Brokenheartsville", "Yeah" country singer Joe Edward Nichols on Nov. 26 in Rogers, Ark. Am. "Steve Urkel in Family Matters" actor-producer-writer (black) Jaleel Ahmad White on Nov. 27 in Culver City, Caliuf.; educated at UCLA. Am. "Cindy Campbell in Scary Movie" actress Anna Kay Faris on Nov. 29 in Baltimore, Md.; wife (2009-) of Chris Pratt (1979-). Am. journalist Laura G. Ling on Dec. 1 in Carmichael, Calif.; sister of Lisa Ling (1973-); educated at UCLA. Am. chess player Joshua "Josh" Waitzkin on Dec. 4 in New York City. Am. "Fred Burkle in Angel" actress Amy Acker on Dec. 5 in Dallas, Tex. Am. "Pagong tribe member in Survivor" cast member Colleen Marie Haskell on Dec. 6 in Bethesda, Md. Venezuelan 5'7" Miss Universe 1996 Yoseph Alicia Machado Fajardo on Dec. 6 in Maracay. Am. "Amanda in Becker", "Lipstick Jungle" actress Lindsay Jaylyn Price on Dec. 6 in Arcadia, Calif. English "Meriadoc Merry Brandybuck in The Lord of the Rings", "Charlie Pace in Lost", "Simon in Flash Forward" actor Dominic Bernard Patrick Luke Monaghan on Dec. 8 in Berlin, Germany; husband (2004-9) of Evangeline Lilly (1979-). Belgian musician (bi) Brian Molko (Placebo) on Dec. 10 in Brussels; French-Italian-Am. mother, Scottish mother. Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (Sunni Muslim) (Vancouver Grizzlies #3, 1996-2001) Shareef Abdur-Rahim on Dec. 11 in Marietta, Ga.; educated at UCB. Am. "Drew Jacobs in Guiding Light", "Ramen Girl" actress Tammy Blanchard on Dec. 14 in Bayonne, N.J. Am. rock drummer Raymond Herrera (Fear Factory, Arkea, Brujeria) on Dec. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif. Finnish musician-composer-producer Tuomas Holopainen (Nightwish) on Dec. 25 in Kitee. Am. "Israel Under Fire" writer Dillon Burroughs on ? in Norwalk, Ohio. Israeli activist (Jew-turned-Muslim) Tali Fahima on ? in Qiryat Gat; of Moroccan Jewish descent; converts to Islam in June 2010. German economist Christian Hellwig on ? in ?; educated at the U. of Lausanne, and London School of Economics. Am. "The DaVinci Method" writer Garret John LoPorto on ? in ?; educated at the U. of Mass. Am. "Learning to Die in the Snthropocene" novelist-poet Roy Scranton on ? in ?; educated at The New School, and Princeton U. Palestinian militant leader Zakaria Muhammad Abdelrahman Zubeidi (Zubaidi) on ? in ?. Deaths: A good year for the super-rich to croak? Hungarian-born Am. movie mogul Adolph Zukor (b. 1873) on June 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. pernicious anemia pathologist George Hoyt Whipple (b. 1878) on Feb. 2 in Rochester, N.Y.; 1934 Nobel Med. Prize. Russian-born Am. pianist Rosa Lhevinne (b. 1880) on Nov. 9 in Glendale, Calif. (stroke). U.S. Rep. (D-Tex.) (1917-40) and federal judge John Marvin Jones (b. 1882) on Mar. 4 in Amarillo, Tex. English actress Dame Sybil Thorndike (b. 1882) on June 9 in London (heart attack). Am. photographer Imogen Cunningham (b. 1883) on June 24 in San Francisco. French shoe designer Charles Jourdan (b. 1883) on Feb. 12 in Paris. Japanese Adm. (Tojo's briefcase carrier) Shigetaro Shimada (b. 1883) on June 7 in Tokyo; paroled from his life sentence for WWII war crimes in 1955. German Lutheran theologian Rudolf Karl Bultmann (b. 1884) on July 30. Swiss-born Am. guitar maker Adolph Rickenbacker (b. 1886). U.S. Repub. gov. #18 (1939-43) Nels Hansen Smith (b. 1884) on July 5 in Spearfish, S.D. German physicist Walter Hans Schottky (b. 1886) on Mar. 4 in Pretzfeld, West Germany. Am. businessman John Orr Young (b. 1886) on May 1. Israeli Dead Sea Scrolls historian Solomon Zeitlin (b. 1886). French jurist (author of the 1948 Declaration of the Human Rights of Man) Rene Cassin (b. 1887) on Feb. 20 in Paris; 1968 Nobel Peace Prize. Mexican novelist Martin Luis Guzman (b. 1887) on Dec. 22 in Mexico City. British Field Marshal ("Hero of El Alamein") Sir Bernard Law Montgomery (b. 1887) on Mar. 24 in Alton, Hampshire; "In defeat unbeatable, in victory unbearable" (Winston Churchill). Am. naval historian Adm. Samuel Eliot Morison (b. 1887) on May 15 Northeast Harbor, Maine (stroke): "America was discovered accidentally by a great seaman who was looking for something else; when discovered it was not wanted; and most of the exploration for the next fifty years was done in the hope of getting through or around it. America was named after a man who discovered no part of the New World. History is like that, very chancy"; "If the American Revolution had produced nothing but the Declaration of Independence it would have been worthwhile"; "American historians, in their eagerness to present facts and their laudable concern to tell the truth, have neglected the literary aspects of their craft. They have forgotten that there is an art of writing history." Croatian chemist Leopold Ruzicka (b. 1887) on Sept. 26 in Mammern, Switzerland; 1939 Nobel Chem. Prize. German-born Am. Bauhaus painter Josef Albers (b. 1888) on Mar. 24 in New Haven, Conn. (heart failure); dir. of the Yale School of Art. Am. DuPont pres. Walter Samuel Carpenter Jr. (b. 1888) on Feb. 2. English actress Dame Edith Evans (b. 1888) on Oct. 14 in Cranbrook, Kent: "Life is long enough, it seems to me, but not quite broad enough." Am. baseball pitcher Red Faber (b. 1888) on Sept. 25 in Chicago, Ill. Am. Dem. politician James Aloysius Farley (b. 1888) on June 9 in New York City; helped make FDR president, then broke with him when he wanted to run for a 3rd term: "As Maine goes, so goes Vermont." German-born Am. soprano Lotte Lehmann (b. 1888) on Aug. 26 in Santa Barbara, Calif. Am. goiter-prevention pathologist Davie Marine (b. 1888) on Nov. 6 in Lewes, Del. Am. Safeway founder Marion Barton Skaggs (b. 1888) on May 8 in Alameda County, Calif. French poet-novelist Henri Bosco (b. 1889). Am. "Tom Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie" actor-producer-writer-composer Eddie Dowling (b. 1889) on Feb. 18 in Smithfield, R.I. English historian Vivian Hunter Galbraith (b. 1889) on Nov. 25 in Oxford. German existentialist philosopher Martin Heidegger (b. 1889) on May 26 in Freiburg im Breisgau. Sicilian-born Am. hall-of-fame bowler Hank Marino (b. 1889) on July 12. French novelist-diplomat Paul Morand (b. 1889) on July 23 in Ile-de-France. English "Hercule Poiroit", "Miss Jane Marple" mystery novelist Dame Agatha Christie (b. 1890) on Jan. 12 in Wallingford, Oxfordshire; leaves 78 crime novels, 19 plays, and (under the alias Mary Westmacott) six romantic novels, selling over 4B copies total, compared to 6B for the Bible, incl. 40M in French, vs. 22M for Emil Zola, making her the bestselling single author of all time until ?. Austrian "Metropolis" film dir. Fritz Lang (b. 1890) on Aug. 2 in Beverly Hills, Calif. Am. Dada photographer Man Ray (b. 1890) on Nov. 18 in Paris, France (lung infection). Am. photographer Paul Strand (b. 1890) on Mar. 31 in Orgeval, France. Am. abstract painter Mark Tobey (b. 1890) on Apr. 24 in Basel, Switzerland. Scottish archeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler (b. 1890) on July 22 in Leatherhead, Surrey (stroke). Am. dir. Irvin Willat (b. 1890) on Apr. 17 in Santa Monica, Calif. German-born Am.-French surrealist painter Max Ernst (b. 1891) on Apr. 1 in France. Am. fashion designer Mainbocher (b. 1891) on Dec. 27 in Munich, West Germany. Russian mathematician Nikolai I. Muskhelishvili (b. 1891). Am.-born Canadian Montreal Procedure ("I can smell burnt toast") neurosurgeon Wilder Graves Penfield (b. 1891) on Apr. 5 in Montreal (abdominal cancer); dies obsessed with finding scientific evidence for the existence of the human soul. Hungarian-British polymath Michael Polanyi (b. 1891) on Feb. 22. Am. "Father of the Bride" novelist Edward Streeter (b. 1891) on Mar. 31 in New York City. U.S. Sen. (D-Ill.) (1949-67) Paul Howard Douglas (b. 1892) on Sept. 24 in Washington, D.C. Am. oil mogul (world's richest man) J. Paul Getty (b. 1892) on June 6 in Sutton Place, Surrey; leaves a $1B estate: "Rise early, work hard, strike oil." Am. financier (top-10 richest man) Floyd Odlum (b. 1892) on June 17 in Indio, Calif. Soviet MiG aircraft designer Mikhail Gurevich (b. 1893) on Nov. 12. U.S. Rep. (D-Tex.) (1929-76) Wright Patman (b. 1893) on Mar. 7 in Bethesda, Md. Yugoslavian prince regent (1934-41) Prince Paul (b. 1893) on Sept. 14. Indian guru Swami Prabhavananda (b. 1893) on July 4 in Hollywood, Calif. Chinese "I'm always right" leader (1949-76) Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) (b. 1893) on Sept. 9 in Beijing; after a memorial service in Tiananmen Square on Sept. 18, his body is placed in a mausoleum despite his signing of the 1956 "Proposal That All Central Leaders Be Cremated After Death": "Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun." Argentine painter Aquiles Badi (b. 1894). British-born Am. economist Benjamin Graham (b. 1894) on Sept. 21 in Aix-en-Provence, France. German-born Am. aerodynamics pioneer Alexander Lippisch (b. 1894) on Feb. 11 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa (cancer). Am. composer Walter Piston (b. 1894) on Nov. 12 in Belmont, Mass. Am. opera soprano Elisabeth Rethberg (b. 1894) on June 6 in Yorktown Heights, N.Y. Am. poet Charles Reznikoff (b. 1894) on Jan. 22. Canadian newspaper-TV mogul Roy Herbert Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet (b. 1894) on Aug. 4 in London (stroke); his son Kenneth Roy Thomson (1923-2006) inherits his media empire incl. the Times of London, dying the richest person in Canada ($19.6B). German Gen. Walther Warlimont (b. 1894) on Oct. 9 in Kreuth. Am. "42nd Street" dir.-choreographer Busby Berkeley (b. 1895) on Mar. 14 near Palm Springs, Calif. Danish Vitamin K biochemist Carl Peter Henrik Dam (b. 1895) on Apr. 17 in Copenhagen; 1943 Nobel Medicine Prize - well I'll be? Am. bandleader Meyer Davis (b. 1895) on Apr. 5 in New York City (cancer). Am. "Miss Emily in Kolchak: The Night Stalker" actress Ruth McDevitt (b. 1895) on May 27 in Hollywood, Calif. Am. "Washington Star" ed. Ben McKelway (b. 1895). German Gen. Heinrich Kreipe (b. 1895) on June 14 in Northeim. Chinese writer-philologist Lin Yutang (b. 1895) on Mar. 26 in Yangmingshan, Taipei, Taiwan. Russian pianist Alexander Brailowsky (b. 1896) on Apr. 25 in New York City (pneumonia). English "Squire Trelawney in Treasure Island" actor Walter Fitzgerald (b. 1896) on Dec. 20 in London. British-born German composer Friedrich Hollaender (b. 1896) on Jan. 18 in Munich. South African novelist Stuart Cloete (b. 1897). Am. "The Poseidon Adventure" journalist-novelist Paul Gallico (b. 1897) on July 15 in Monaco. Finnish modernist architect Alvar Aalto (b. 1898) on May 11 in Helsinki. Am. "Wings" actor Richard Arlen (b. 1898) on Mar. 28 in North Hollywood, Calif. (emphysema). Am. mobile sculptor Alexander Calder (b. 1898) on Nov. 11 in New York City (heart attack). Chinese PM #1 (1949-76) Chou En-lai (Zhou Enlai) (b. 1898) on Jan. 8 in Beijing (cancer). Soviet geneticist-agronomist Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (b. 1898) on Nov. 20. French-born Am. soprano Lily Pons (b. 1898) on Feb. 13 in Dallas, Tex. (pancreatic cancer); namesake of Lilypons, Md. Am. black singer-actor-activist Paul Robeson (b. 1898) on Jan. 23 in Philadelphia, Penn. (stroke in Dec.): "The course of history can be changed but not halted." Am. conservative preacher-politician Gerald L.K. Smith (b. 1898) on Apr. 15 in Glendale, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" Western writer James Warner Bellah (b. 1899) on Sept. 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. ambassador Ellis O. Briggs (b. 1899) in June. West German pres. (1969-74) Gustav Heinemann (b. 1899) on July 7. Chinese-born Am. cinematographer James Wong Howe (b. 1899) on July 12 in West Hollywood, Calif. (cancer). Am. "Wings" actor Richard Arlen (b. 1900). English poet-novelist-playwright Richard Hughes (b. 1900) on Apr. 28 in Harlech, Wales (leukemia); leaves vol. 3 of his "The Human Predicament" trilogy unfinished. Swedish novelist Eyvind Johnson (b. 1900) on Aug. 25 in Stockholm; 1974 Nobel Lit. Prize. English "ghost in the machine" philosopher Gilbert Ryle (b. 1900) on Oct. 6 in Whitby, North Yorkshire. Scottish "Scrooge" actor Alastair Sim (b. 1900) on Aug. 19 in London (lung cancer). Am. auto racer George Souders (b. 1900) on July 28. Am. "Mayor George Shinn in The Music Man", "Banker C.P. Ballinger in A Big Hand for the Little Lady" actor Paul Ford (b. 1901) on Apr. 12 in Mineola, Long Island, N.Y. (heart attack). German physicist Werner Karl Heisenberg (b. 1901) on Feb. 1 in Munich (cancer); 1932 Nobel Physics Prize. Austrian-born Am. sociologist Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (b. 1901) on Aug. 30 in Newark, N.J. French novelist-statesman Andre Malraux (b. 1901) on Nov. 23 in Creteil (near Paris) (lung cancer); in 1996 his ashes are moved to the Pantheon in Paris: "What is a man? A miserable little pile of secrets"; "The greatest mystery is not that we have been flung at random among the profusion of the Earth and the galaxies, but that in this prison we can fashion images sufficiently powerful to deny our nothingness." Am. theatrical designer Jo Mielziner (b. 1901) on Mar. 15 in New York City (stroke). Am. "When You Wish Upon a Star", "High Noon" lyricist Ned Washington (b. 1901) on Dec. 20 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack). Mexican actor Romney Brent (b. 1902) on Sept. 24 in Mexico City. Am. actor Ray "Crash" Corrigan (b. 1902) on Aug. 10 in Brookings, Ore. Am. Chicago Dem. mayor #48 (1955-76) ("Last of the U.S. Big City Bosses") Richard J. Daley (b. 1902) on Dec. 20 in Chicago, Ill. (heart attack). Japanese-Am. Pearl Harbor attack leader Mitsuo Fuchida (b. 1902) on May 30 in Kashiwara (near Osaka) (diabetes); after WWII ends he becomes a Christian evangelist in 1950 and a U.S. citizen in 1960, touring with Billy Graham. Sicilian-born Am. New York Mafia boss Carlo Gambino (b. 1902) on Oct. 15 in Massapequa, Long Island, N.Y. (heart attack); dies in bed in a state of Catholic grace after being given last rites; after a funeral attended by friends from throughout the U.S., he is succeeded as don of the Gambino crime family by his 1st cousin and brother-in-law "Big" Paul Castellano (1915-85). Am. New York Jets co-owner Phil Iselin (b. 1902) on Dec. 28 in Manhattan, N.Y. (heart attack). Brazilian pres. (1955-61) Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (b. 1902) on Aug. 22 near Resende, Rio de Janeiro. Am. "Sheriff Roy Coffee in Bonanza" actor Ray Teal (b. 1902) on Apr. 2 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. actor-dir. Norman Foster (b. 1903) on July 7 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. bullfighter Sidney Franklin (b. 1903) on Apr. 6 in New York City; first successful matador from the U.S.; subject of "Death in the Afternoon" by Ernest Hemingway (1932). Czech novelist-dramatist Frantisek Krelina (b. 1903) on Oct. 25 in Prague. Am. football hall-of-fame player Ernie Nevers (b. 1903) on May 3 in San Rafael, Calif. Norwegian-born Am. chemist Lars Onsager (b. 1903) on Oct. 5 in Coral Gables, Fla.; 1968 Nobel Chem. Prize. Russian-born Am. cellist Gregor Piatigorsky (b. 1903) on Aug. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). French novelist-poet Raymond Queneau (b. 1903) on Oct. 25 in Paris. Am. Boston Red Sox baseball team owner Tom Yawkey (b. 1903) on July 9 in Boston, Mass.; leaves 15K acres of wildlife preserve to S.C. along with a $10M trust fund. Polish-born British writer Theodore Besterman (b. 1904) on Nov. 10 in Banbury; dies after donating his library to Oxford U.'s Taylor Inst., which is renamed the Voltaire Room. Am. Lucchese crime family mobster ("the Czar of Boxing") Frankie Carbo (b. 1904) on Nov. 9 in Miami Beach, Fla. (diabetes); dies after being paroled from his 25-year 1961 federal sentence for extortion of welterweight boxing champ Don Jordan. Am. theatrical producer Kermit Bloomgarden (b. 1904) on Sept. 20 in New York City (brain tumor). French "La Grande Illusion" actor Jean Gabin (b. 1904) on Nov. 15 in Neuilly-sur-Seine (heart attack). Am. judge (first African-Am. federal judge) William Henry Hastie Jr. (b. 1904) on Apr. 14 in East Norriton, Penn.; dies while playing golf. Am. TV personality Ted Mack (b. 1904) on July 12 in North Tarrytown, N.Y. Am. auto racer Billy Arnold (b. 1905) on Nov. 10 in Oklahoma City, Okla. (cerebral hemorrhage). English artist Edward Burra (b. 1905) on Oct. 22 in Hastings. Am. billionaire recluse industrialist Howard Hughes (b. 1905) on Apr. 5 en route from Acapulco, Mexico to Houston, Tex. (stroke on a chartered airplane from kidney failure); weighs 90 lbs. at death; leaves a $2.5B fortune but no valid will. Am. "The Story of Ferdinand" children's writer Munro Leaf (b. 1905) on Dec. 21 in Garrett Park, Md. (cancer). Am. "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" creator Robert L. May (b. 1905) on Aug. 10. English archdeacon of Hastings (1956-75) Guy Mayfield (b. 1905) on July 19; stationed at RAF Duxford, Cambridgeshire during the Battle of Britain, leaving an unpub. war diary, Life and Death in the Battle of Britain, which is pub. on Apr. 19, 2018 by the Imperial War Museum. Am. "Roman Holiday", "The Brave One", "Exodus" screenwriter Dalton Trumbo (b. 1905) on Sept. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure after lung cancer surgery in Apr. 1973): "I never considered the working class anything other than something to get out of." German-born Am. astronomer Rupert Wildt (b. 1905) on Jan. 9 in Orleans, Mass. Am. real estate developer William Zeckendorf Sr. (b. 1905) on Sept. 30 in New York City (stroke); assembled the land for the site of the U.N. HQ. German Gen. Gerhard Engel (b. 1906) on Dec. 9 in Munich. British (Welsh) actor Roger Livesey (b. 1906) on Feb. 4 in Watford (bowel cancer). Am. newspaper columnist Leonard Lyons (b. 1906) on Oct. 7 in New York City (Parkinson's disease). English "The Third Man", "The Agony and the Ecstasy", "Oliver!" dir. Sir Carol Reed (b. 1906) on Apr. 25 in Chelsea, London (heart attack). Am. blues singer Victoria Spivey (b. 1906) on Oct. 3 in New York City (internal hemorrhage). Italian "Sandra of a Thousand Delights" dir. Luchino Visconti (b. 1906) on Mar. 17 in Rome (cancer). Azerbaijani composer-conductor Afrasiyab Badalbeyli (b. 1907) on Jan. 6 in Baku. Am. lightweight boxing champ "Slapsie Maxie" Rosenbloom (b. 1907) on Mar. 6 in South Pasadena, Calif. Am. singer Connee Boswell (b. 1907) on Oct. 11 in New York City (stomach cancer). Am. evangelist Kathryn Kuhlman (b. 1907) on Feb. 20 in Tulsa, Okla. Portuguese pretender (1920-) Duke Duarte Nuno of Braganza (b. 1907) on Dec. 24. Am. "Auntie Mame" actress Rosalind Russell (b. 1907) on Nov. 28 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (breast cancer): "Taste - you cannot buy such a rare and wonderful thing... And I'm afraid it's becoming obsolete." Scottish architect Sir Basil Urwin Spence (b. 1907) on Nov. 19. Am. serologist Alexander S. Wiener (b. 1907); co-discoverer (with Karl Landsteiner) of the Rh blood factor. Canadian-born Am. conductor Percy Faith (b. 1908) on Feb. 9 in Encino, Calif. (cancer). Am. photographer Minor White (b. 1908) on June 24 in Boston, Mass. German tennis player Gottfried von Cramm (b. 1909) on Nov. 8 near Cairo, Egypt (automobile accident). Am. "Fools Rush In", "That Old Black Magic" songwriter-singer Johnny Mercer (b. 1909) on June 25 in Belair, Calif. Am. bluesman Chester "Howlin' Wolf" Burnett (b. 1910) on Jan. 10 in Hines, Ill. German conductor Rudolf Kempe (b. 1910) on May 12 in Zurich. French conductor-composer Jean Martinon (b. 1910) on Mar. 1 (cancer). French biochemist Jacques Monod (b. 1910) on May 31 in Paris; 1965 Nobel Medicine Prize. Am. actor Lee J. Cobb (b. 1911) on Feb. 11 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (heart attack). Scottish economist John Marcus Fleming (1911) on Feb. 3. Am. Colo. gov. #33 (1951-5) Dan Thornton (b. 1911) on Jan. 18 in Carmel, Calif. (heart attack). German theatrical producer Leo Kerz (b. 1912). English novelist William Sansom (b. 1912) on Apr. 20. Greek concert pianist Gina Bachauer (b. 1913) on Aug. 22 in Athens; the Gina Bachauer Internat. Piano Competition in Salt Lake City, Utah is founded in her honor. English composer Benjamin Britten (b. 1913) on Dec. 4 in Aldeburgh (heart failure). English novelist Colin MacInnes (b. 1914) on Apr. 22. Polish prince Stanislaw Albrecht Radziwill (b. 1914) on July 27 in London. Am. Baptist minister Oliver B. Greene (b. 1915) on July 26 (cardiac aneurysm). Am. jazz musician Bobby Hackett (b. 1915) on June 7 in West Chatham, Mass. (heart attack). Am. CIA officer William King Harvey (b. 1915) on June 9 in Indianapolis, Ind. (heart attack). German SS Lt. Col. Joachim Peiper (b. 1915) on July 14 in Traves, Haute-Saone (murdered by a Molotov cocktail attack on his home). Am. illustrator Jerome Snyder (b. 1916) on May 2 in New York City (heart attack); dies after a touch football game in Central Park; first art dir. of Sports Illustrated (1954). Am. flower gem Martha Mitchell (b. 1918) on May 31 in Washington, D.C. (myeloma). Brazilian pres. (1961-4) Joao Goulart (b. 1919) on Dec. 6 in Mercedes, Argentina (exile) (heart attack). Russian poet Mikhail K. Lukonin (b. 1919). Am. mystic John Starr Cooke (b. 1920) on Aug. 21 in Tepoztlan, Mexico (cancer); the film Prophecy of the Royal Maze about him is released on June 21, 1978. Hungarian-born Swiss pianist Geza Anda (b. 1921) on June 14. Am. "Auntie Mame" novelist Patrick Dennis (b. 1921) on Nov. 6 in New York City (pancreatic cancer). Am. basketball player Joe Fulks (b. 1921) on Mar. 21 in Eddyville, Ky.; shot by his girlfriend Roberta Bannister's son Gregg Bannister in an argument over a handgun. English actress Margaret Leighton (b. 1922) on Jan. 13 in Chichester, Sussex (sclerosis). Am. psychologist James Olds (b. 1922) on Aug. 21 in Calif. (swimming accident). Malaysian PM #2 (1970-6) Abdul Razak (b. 1922) on Jan. 14 in London, England. Australian tenor-activist Harold Blair (b. 1924) on May 21. Rwandan pres. #2 (1962-73) Gregoire Kayibanda (b. 1924) on Dec. 15 (starved to death). Israeli Gen. David Elazar (b. 1925) on Apr. 15 in Jerusalem: "As a people, our monuments never commemorate victories. They commemorate the names of the fallen. We don't need the Arc de Triomphe; we have Masada, Tel-Hai, and the Warsaw Ghetto - where the battle was lost, but the war of Jewish existence was won." Am. blues musician Jimmy Reed (b. 1925) on Aug. 29 in Oakland, Calif. (respiratory failure). Am. actor Jack Cassidy (b. 1927) on Dec. 12 in West Hollywood, Los Angeles, Calif. (fire in his penthouse apt. after he falls asleep on his Naugahyde couch with a lit cigarette). Am. poet Louis Sissman (b. 1928) on Mar. 10 in Still River, Mass. (Hodgkin's). Am. actress Barbara Nichols (b. 1929) on Oct. 5 in Hollywood, Calif. (liver failure). Am. gangster Joseph "the Animal" Barboza (b. 1932) on Feb. 11 in San Francisco, Calif. (assassinated by J.R. Russo). Nigerian pres. #4 (1975-6) Gen. Murtala Mohammed (b. 1938) on Feb. 13 in Lagos (assassinated). Am. "The President's Analyst" actor Godfrey Cambridge (b. 1933) on Nov. 29 in Hollywood, Calif.; dies of a sudden heart attack on the set of "Victory at Entebbe", where he was playing Idi Amin, causing the real one to call it a "punishment from God". Am. "Hide Away" blues musician ("the Texas Cannonball") Freddie King (b. 1934) on Dec. 28 (heart failure). Am. actor Sal Mineo (b. 1939) on Feb. 12 in West Hollywood, Calif. (stabbed in his parking lot). Am. singer Phil Ochs (b. 1940) on Apr. 9 in Far Rockaway, N.Y. (suicide by hanging after changing his name to John Butler Train and telling people that he had murdered Ochs). Am. famous criminal Ernesto Arturo Miranda (b. 1941) on Jan. 31 in Phoenix, Ariz.; killed in a bar fight, the suspect being Mirandized and remaining silent and later being released on bail and fleeing to Mexico. Am. scholar Peter J. French (b. 1942) on Oct. 12 in England (killed by a car while crossing the street). Am. Supremes singer Florence Ballard (b. 1943) on Feb. 22 in Detroit, Mich. (coronary thrombosis); "One of rock's greatest tragedies" (Richie Unterberger). English "Yardbirds" singer Keith Relf (b. 1943) on May 14 in London (electric shock from his guitar). Am. actor Kevin Coughlin (b. 1945) on Jan. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif. (killed by a speeding car while cleaning his windshield on Ventura Blvd. 1500 ft. N of Whitsett). Am. skier Spider Sabich (b. 1945) on Mar. 21 in Aspen, Colo.; accidentally shot by his Paris, France-born actress-singer girlfriend Claudine Georgette Longet (1942-) (wife of Andy Williams in 1961-75), who is convicted of misdemeanor criminally negligent homicide and spends 30 days in a jail cell painted pink on weekends, after which she never performs again. English "Free" musician Paul Kossoff (b. 1950) on Mar. 19; dies in an airplane en route from Los Angeles to New York City of drug-related heart problems, causing his actor father David Kossoff to become an anti-drug campaigner. Am. guitarist Tommy Bolin (b. 1951) on Dec. 4 in Miami, Fla. (drug OD). German exorcism patient Anneliese Michel (b. 1952) on July 1 in Klingenberg am Main, Lower Franconia, Bavaria (dehydration and malnutrition, weighing 68 lb.); her parents and priests Ernst Alt and Arnold Renz who performed the exorcism are found guilty of negligent manslaughter and sentence to 6 mo. of jail (suspended) and 3 years probation. Am. "Buffy in Family Affair" actress Anissa Jones (b. 1958) on Aug. 28 in Oceanside, Calif. (drug OD).



1977 - The Toothy Peacock Year? The Can a Racially-Sensitive White Cracker Peanut Farmer Slash Nuclear Engineer from the Deep South Cure America's Ills Ask the Ayatollah Year? The Bronx is Burning Hanafi Siege German Autumn Frost-Nixon Alex Haley's Roots Year, when whites go from being the terrorizers to being the victims of terrorists, if not personally then in their homes as it's all piped in via their TV sets?

James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter of the U.S. (1924-) Walter Frederick 'Fritz' Mondale of the U.S. (1928-2021) Rosalynn Smith Carter of the U.S. (1927-) Cyrus Vance of the U.S. (1917-2002) Patricia Roberts Harris of the U.S. (1924-85) Zbigniew Brzezinski of the U.S. (1928-) Samuel Phillips Huntington of the U.S. (1927-2008) Harold Brown of the U.S. (1927-2019) Tip O'Neill of the U.S. (1912-94) Clifford Leopold Alexander Jr. of the U.S. (1933-) Menachem Begin of Israel (1913-92) Shimon Peres of Israel (1923-) Morarji Desai of India (1896-1995) Shahpour Bakhtiar of Iran (1914-91) Sheikh Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Sabah of Kuwait (1926-2006) Gen. Carlos Humberto Romero of El Salvador (1924-) Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq of Pakistan (1924-88) Gen. Ziaur Rahman of Bangladesh (1936-81) Col. Joachim Yhombi Opango of People's Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville (1939-) Gen. Kriangsak Chomanand of Thailand (1917-2003) Dolores Ibárruri of Spain (1895-1989) Melina Mercouri of Greece (1920-94) Melina Mercouri (1920-94) Kamal Jumblatt of Lebanon (1917-77) Walid Jumblatt of Lebanon (1949-) Suleyman Demirel of Turkey (1924-) Janos Kadar of Hungary (1912-89) Bert Lance of the U.S. (1931-) U.S. Adm. Stansfield Turner (1923-) Dennis Kucinich of the U.S. (1946-) Dutch Morial of the U.S. (1929-89) Harvey Milk of the U.S. (1930-78) Jacobo Timerman (1923-99) Vladimir Bukovsky (1942) Natan Shcharansky (1948-) Yuri Orlov (1924-) Alexander Ginzburg (1936-2002) Carlo Casalegno (1916-77) Richard D. Hongisto (1937-2004) Hamida Djandoubi (1949-77) Steve Biko (1946-77) Samuel Winfield Lewis of the U.S. (1930-2014) Granville Rail Disaster, Jan. 18, 1977 Pres. Carter in the South Bronx, Oct. 5, 1977 Jürgen Ponto (1923-77) Lufthansa Capt. Jürgen Schumann (1940-77) Hans-Martin Schleyer (1915-77) Space Shuttle Enterprise, Feb. 18, 1977 Viktor Gorbatko of the Soviet Union (1934-) Yuri Glazkov of the Soviet Union (1939-2008) Vladimir Kovalyonok of the Soviet Union (1942-) Valery Ryumin of the Soviet Union (1939-) Yuri Romanenko of the Soviet Union (1944-) Georgi Grechko of the Soviet Union (1931-) Jyoti Basu of India (1914-2010) Richard McGarrah Helms of the U.S. (1913-2002) Andrew Jackson Young Jr. of the U.S. (1932-) Natan Shcharansky (1948-) Rick Upchurch (1952-) Reggie Jackson 'Mr. October' (1946-) Lou Brock (1939-) Gordie Howe (1928-2016) Guy Lafleur (1951-) Willie Brown (1940-) Fred Biletnikoff (1943-) Sadaharu Oh (1940-) Tom Pryce (1949-) Janet Guthrie (1938-) A.J. Foyt (1935-) Guillermo Vilas (1952-) Virginia Wade (1945-) Marvin Davis (1925-2004) Tal Brody (1943-) Cindy Nicholas (1957-) Anita Bryant (1940-) Anita Bryant (1940-) Janelle Penny Commissiong (1953-) Billy Milligan (1955-) Eric Sevareid (1912-92) Howard K. Smith (1914-2002) John Chancellor (1927-96) Bill Moyers (1934-) Karen Batchelor Farmer (1951-) Joan Kennedy of the U.S. (1936-) Bishop Joseph Kibira (1925-88) Metropolitan Theodosius of the U.S. (1933-) British Capt. Robert Laurence Nairac (1948-77) Dover Demon, Apr. 21-22, 1977 David Berkowitz (1953-) Patrick Wayne Kennedy (1939-) Jimmy Breslin (1930-2017) John M. Falotico (1924-2006) Gary Gilmore (1940-77) Siegfried Buback (1920-77) Siegfried Buback (1920-77) Donald Bruce Mackay (1933-77) Hanafi Muslim Siege, Mar. 9-11, 1977 Khalifa Hamaas Abdul Khaalis (-2003) Hooded Man Who Shot Antonio Custra, May 14, 1977 Antonio Custra, May 14, 1977 Gary Dotson (1957-) Cathleen Crowell Webb (1961-2008) Hillside Strangler(s) Susanne Albrecht (1951-) Brigitte Mohnhaupt (1949-) Christian Klar (1952-) Louis Farrakhan (1933-) L. Ron Hubbard (1911-86) and Mary Sue Hubbard (1931-2002) Terry Hekker (1932-) William 'Billy' Hayes (1947-) Wangari Muta Maathai (1940-) Zuheir Mohsen (1936-79) Rev. Pauli Murray (1910-85) Bishop Paul Moore Jr. (1919-2003) Dr. Renee Richards (1934-) Ellen Marie Barrett (1946-) Vicente Aleixandre (1898-1984) Philip Warren Anderson (1923-) John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (1899-1980) Sir Nevill Francis Mott (1905-96) Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003) Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-) Roger Charles Louis Guillemin (1924-) Andrew Victor Schally (1926-) Bertil Ohlin (1899-1979) James Edward Meade (1907-95) Leon Max Lederman (1922-2018) Martin Lewis Perl (1927-2014) Abraham Lempel (1936-) Jacob Ziv (1931-) Ronald Linn Rivest (1947-) Adi Shamir (1952-) Leonard Max Adleman (1945-) Clifford Cocks (1950-) George Fitzgerald Smoot III (1945-) John Cromwell Mather (1946-) Andreas Roland Gruentzig (1939-85) Frederick Sanger (1918-) Walter Gilbert (1932-) Carl Richard Woese (1928-) John Naisbitt (1929-) Edward Christian Prescott (1940-) Phillip Allen Sharp (1944-) Sir Richard John Roberts (1943-) Jean David Ichbiah (1940-2007) Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (1815-52) Susan Folstein and Michael Rutter (1934-) Robert J. Plomin (1948-) Alexander Thomas (1913-2003) Petr Beckmann (1924-93) Jack Tramiel (1928-) Commodore PET, 1977 TRS-80, 1977 Dennis Carl Hayes (1951-) Dale Heatherington Hayes Modem, 1977 Larry Ellison (1944-) Robert N. Miner (1942-94) Paul B. MacCready (1925-2007) Bryan L. Allen (1952-) Gossamer Condor, 1977 Rene Char (1907-88) Martin Arthur Armstrong (1949-) Joseph Brodsky (1940-96) Martin Broszat (1926-89) Walter Brueggemann (1933-) Philip Caputo (1941-) Alfonso Caso y Andrade (1896-1970) Bruce Chatwin (1940-89) Alfred DuPont Chandler Jr. (1918-2007) Billy Collins (1941-) Henry Steele Commager (1902-98) Benjamin Creme (1922-) Michael Cristofer (1945-) Douglas Day (1932-2004) Ann Douglas (1942-) John Gregory Dunne (1932-2003) Gloria Emerson (1929-2004) Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000) James Fuller Fixx (1932-84) 'The Complete Book of Running' by James Fuller Fixx (1932-84), 1977 Marilyn French (1929-2009) Dora Van Gelder (1904-99) Günter Grass (1927-) Mark Helprin (1947-) Ernest Hilgard (1904-2001) Syd Hoff (1912-2004) Alice Hoffman (1952-) Jacob Holdt (1947-) Albert Innaurato (1947-) Danny Aiello (1933-) John R. Audette Shakti Gawain (1948-) Doris Kearns Goodwin (1943-) Stanislav Grof (1931-) Sir Alistair Horne (1925-) Michael James Jackson (1942-2007) Mollie Katzen (1950-) Judy Zebra Knight (1946-) Judy Zebra Knight (1946-) Larry Kramer (1935-) 'Faggots' by Larry Kramer (1935-), 1977 Bernard-Henri Levi (1948-) Penelope Lively (1933-) William Roger Louis (1936-) Lois Lowry (1937-) Colleen McCullough (1937-) 'The Thorn Birds' by Colleen McCullough (1937-), 1977 David McCullough (1933-) James Alan McPherson (1943-) Reinhard Mohn (1921-2009) Marcia Muller (1944-) Howard Nemerov (1920-91) St. John Nepomucene Neumann (1811-60) Marsha Norman (1947-) Edith Pargeter (1913-95) Katherine Paterson (1932-) Edmund S. Phelps Jr. (1933-) John Brian Taylor (1946-) Roy Porter (1946-2002) Edward Christian Prescott (1940-) Finn E. Kydland (1943-) Montie Ralph Rissell (1959-) Edward Wadie Said (1935-2003) Shelly Saltman (1931-) Phyllis Schlafly (1924-2016) Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005) Leslie Marmon Silko (1948-) Barbara Smith (1946-) W.D. Snodgrass (1926-2009) Susan Sontag (1933-2004) Gary Soto (1952-) Bruce Sterling (1977-) Sir George Trevelyan (1906-96) Diana Trilling (1905-96) Lucian K. Truscott IV (1946-) Judith Viorst (1931-) David Wagoner (1926-) Michael Walzer (1935-) Wendy Wasserstein (1950-2006) Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977) Elvis Presley (1935-77) Dan Fogelberg (1951-) Debby Boone (1956-) Cheap Trick Elvis Costello (1954-) 'Rumours' by Fleetwood Mac, 1977 Leif Garrett (1961-) Meat Loaf (1947-2022) 'Bat Out of Hell' by Meat Loaf, 1977 Chuck Mangione (1940-) Reba McEntire (1955-) Eddie Money (1949-) Ted Nugent (1948-) 'Here You Come Again' by Dolly Parton (1946-) The Police Quiet Riot Ram Jam 'Simple Dreams' by Linda Ronstadt (1946-), 1977 Shanana Talking Heads Motörhead Paul Nicholas (1945-) Alan O'Day (1940-2013) The Floaters Village People Ronnie McDowell (1950-) Sanford and Townsend Band Jennifer Warnes (1947-) Paul Jabara (1948-92) Grace Jones (1948-) Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010) The Damned Paul Davis (1948-2008) Ian Dury (1942-2000) Gloria Estefan (1957-) Foreigner David Soul (1943-) The Jam Throbbing Gristle The Misfits Jerry Only (1959-) The Misfits Logo Richard Hell (1949-) George Thorogood (1950-) The Radio Stars The Vibrators Beggars Banquet Records Clive Calder (1946-) Ralph Simon Barry Weiss (1959-) Jive Records Luciano Pavarotti (1935-2007) Frost-Nixon Interview, May 19, 1977 Diane Sawyer (1945-) Roman Polanski (1933-) Richard Wernick (1934-) 'CHiPs', 1977-83 'Eight is Enough', 1977-81 Fantasy Island, 1977-84 'Fawlty Towers', 1977-9 'The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries', 1977-79 'Inside the NFL', 1977- 'In Search of...', starring Leonard Nimoy (1931-), 1977-82 'Bing Crosbys Merrie Olde Christmas', starring Bing Crosby (1903-77) and David Bowie (1947-2016), 1977 'Logans Run', 1977-8 'Lou Grant', 1977-82 The Love Boat, 1977-86 'Operation Petticoat', 1977-9 Alex Haley (1921-92) Alex Haley's 'Roots' book, 1976 Alex Haley's 'Roots' TV series, Jan. 23-30, 1977 'Soap', 1977-81 'Threes Company', 1977-84 'Annie', 1977 'Beatlemania', 1977 'Chapter Two', 1977 'Elvis the Musical', 1977 'Side by Side by Sondheim', 1977 Cloris Leachman (1926-) 'Alambrista!', 1977 'Annie Hall', 1977 'A Bridge Too Far', 1977 'Close Encounters of the Third Kind', 1977 'Cross of Iron', 1977 'Death Game', 1977 'The Hills Have Eyes', 1977 'The Incredible Melting Man', 1977 'The Kentucky Fried Movie', 1977 'Oh, God!', starring George Burns (1896-1996), 1977 'Pumping Iron', 1977 John Travolta (1954-) Bee Gees Andy Gibb (1958-88) 'Saturday Night Fever Album' by the Bee Gees, 1977 'Slap Shot', 1977 'Smokey and the Bandit', 1977 'Soldier of Orange', starring Rutger Hauer (1944-), 1977 'The Spy Who Loved Me', 1977 George Lucas (1944-) Star Wars, 1977 Star Wars Toys, 1977 Steven Spielberg (1946-) Meryl Streep (1949-) Michelle Triola Marvin (1932-2009) and Lee Marvin (1924-87) Diane Kurys (1948-) Hanae Mori (1926-) Hanae Mori (1926-) Example Manolis Andronikos (1919-92) Golden Larnax of Philip II of Macedon Stephen Alan 'Steve' Wynn (1942-) Ghost Riders in the Sky Studio 54 Richard George Rogers (1933-) Walter De Maria (1935-2013) Renzo Piano (1937-) Pompidou Center, 1977 Renaissance Center, Detroit, 1977 HMS Invincible, 1977 NASA Voyager, 19777 Laurie Spiegel (1945-) Bell XV-15, 1977 Porsche 928, 1977-95 Atari 2600, 1977 Mattel Auto Race, 1977 Vax Model 111 Orange Tub Vax Mach Zen Norma Foerderer Grand Hyatt New York, 1980- Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker MiG-29 Fulcrum

1977 Doomsday Clock: 9 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Snake (Feb. 18). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Anwar Sadat (1918-81). The U.S. Consumer Price Index rises 6.8% this year (vs. 4.8% last year). The last of 21 oil refineries is built in the U.S. (until ?). Lung cancer deaths for U.S. women pass colorectal cancer deaths (14.9 vs. 14.3 per 100K) (1.5 per 100K in 1930). U.S. blue jean sales: 500M pairs (vs. 150M in 1957 and 200M in 1967). No. of Jews allowed to leave the Soviet Union: 16,737; 1978: 28,864; 1979: 51,320. In 1977-2011 a total of 4,508,076 internat. patents are granted; of these, more than half arre to U.S. applicants; of the remaining 2,074,541 foreign patents, less than 3.8K go to Muslim countries. The Frigid Winter of 1976 becomes the coldest winter on record, with record low temps in Cincinnati, Ohio (-25F) and Miami, Fla. (25F), paralyzing Buffalo, N.Y., which is dubbed "snow capital of the U.S."; Calif. has its worst drought year on record; a plague of Aspergillus flavus in the SE U.S. causes the carcinogen aflatoxin to contaminate corn crops, spreading to cattle and milk, and causing demand for Southern corn to plummet by 75% in the next 10 years; peanut growers get the USDA to test every truckload of peanuts to establish consumer confidence. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Michigan by 14-7 to win the 1977 Rose Bowl in Pasadena, Calif.; Roy Rogers and Dale Evans host the parade. In early Jan. in his last days in office, U.S. Pres. Gerald Ford lobbies for statehood for Puerto Rico - why not Mexico? On Jan. 1 the state of Queensland, Australia abolishes death duties. On Jan. 9 Super Bowl XI (11) (1977) is held in the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, Calif. (1st time); the Oakland Raiders (AFC) (head coach John Madden) defeat the Minn. Vikings (NFC) 32-14 as Bud Grant coaches the Vikings to their 4th Super Bowl loss in eight years; Raiders CB William Ferdie "Willie" Brown (1940-) returns a Fran Tarkenton interception 75 yards for a TD, setting a record that stands until Super Bowl XL in 2000 (Kelly Herndon, 76 yards); Raiders WR Frederick S. "Fred" Biletnikoff (1943-) is MVP. On Jan. 10 Mt. Nyiragongo in E Zairi (DRC) erupts. On Jan. 11 France sets off an internat. uproar by releasing Black September man Abu Daoud - go get him, Avner? On Jan. 15 Skyline Sweden Linjeflyg Flight 618 (Vickers 838 Viscount) en route from Malmo crashes into Kalvesta, Stockholm, killing all 22 aboard. On Jan. 15 the Coneheads debut on Saturday Night Live, starring Dan Aykroyd as father Beldar, Jane Curtin as mother Prymaat, and Laraine Newman as daughter Connie, all from the planet Remulak, who are stranded on Earth. On Jan. 16-21 the Jan. 1977 Cold Wave brings snow to the greater Miami, Fla. area for the first time ever (until ?), damaging citrus crops and causing $350M damage; on Jan. 28-Feb. 1 the Blizzard of 1977 hits W New York and S Ontario, bringing 100 in. of snowfall and snowdrifts of 40 ft.; 1976/7 and 1976/8 become the coldest and snowiest winters in the U.S. until ?. Goodbye groovy Tuesday, or, He asked for it, so declare him insane and don't do it - not? On Jan. 17 (Mon.) after gaining internat. publicity for demanding the quick implementation of his death sentence, convicted double murderer Gary Mark Gilmore (Faye Robert Coffman) (b. 1940) becomes the first person executed in the U.S. since 1967 when he is shot by a firing squad at Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah (four shots to the heart); last words: "Let's do it"; in 1979 Norman Mailer pub. the nonfiction novel "The Executioner's Song" about him; in 1982 a TV movie about him starring Tommy Lee Jones debuts; a suicide murderer? On Jan. 18 (8:10 a.m. local time) the Granville Rail Disaster sees a commuter train enroute to Sydney, Australia derail in the suburb of Granville in the Blue Mts. after a bridge collapses, killing 83 and injuring 210 of 600, becoming Australia's worst rail disaster (until ?). On Jan. 18 Yugoslavian PM (since July 30, 1971) Dzemal Bijedic (b. 1917), along with his wife and six others are killed in a plane crash in Bosnia and Herzegovina. On Jan. 18-19 after Egyptian pres. Anwar Sadat terminates subsidies on basic foodstuffs to get loans from the World Bank, the Egyptian Bread Riots by hundreds of thousands result in the army being called out, and 50 killed and 600 wounded, after which Sadat restores the subsidies and clears out the Ishah-al-Turguman slum in the Balaq district of Cairo, swelling the ranks of the city's homeless. On Jan. 19 it snows in Miami, Fla. for the 1st time (until ?), becoming the southernmost U.S. snowfall outside Hawaii. On Jan. 19 as one of his last acts of office Pres. Ford pardons Japanese-Am. Iva Toguri D'Aquino (AKA Tokyo Rose) (1916-2006), whose guilt as a WWII traitor is in doubt; she moves to Chicago and lives quietly. Captain Underpants to the rescue? On Jan. 20 (Thur.) Plains, Goober State (Ga.)-born peanut farmer and U.S. Naval Academy grad. in nuclear physics James Earl "Jimmy" Carter (b. 1924) becomes the 39th U.S. pres. (until Jan. 20, 1981) in the 57th U.S. Pres. Inauguration in the East Portico of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. (last inauguration held in the East Portico until ?); first U.S. Naval Academy grad. to become pres., first Southerner since Zachary Taylor, first to use his nickname in an official capacity, and first to skip his middle name in his oath, using "Jimmy Carter"; one of three U.S. presidents to live at least 30 years after his inauguration (Herbert Hoover, Gerald R. Ford); first U.S. pres. to live 40 years after his inauguration; a no-frills stickler, he surprises everyone by insisting on walking from the U.S. Capitol to the White House, and selling 10K bleacher seats for $25 each to help pay for the inaugural parade, then becoming the first pres. to walk to the White House; later he insists on carrying his own bags, and causes an outcry by attempting to do away with the playing of "Hail to the Chief"; the Carter Inaugural Address begins by thanking Ford for "all he has done to heal our land"; he goes on to become known as a failed pres. for failing to get reelected, while getting more legislation passed than any recent pres. except LBJ; Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (1928-2021) becomes the 42nd U.S. vice-pres.; First Lady is Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter (1927-) (Secret Service codename: Dancer), who was active during the campaign and continues her active role in his admin.; Pres. Carter appoints Cyrus Roberts Vance (1917-2002) (LBJ's deputy secy. of defense, who resigned and advised him to pull out of South Vietnam) as U.S. secy. of state #57 (until Apr. 28, 1980), and Patricia Roberts Harris (1924-80) as U.S. secy. of HUD (later HHS) #6 (until Sept. 10, 1979), becoming the first African-Am. woman to enter the U.S. pres. line of succession (lucky #13); Carter appoints Polish-born Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzezinski (1928-) as nat. security advisor #10 (until Jan. 20, 1981), who appoints Samuel Phillips Huntington (1927-2008) as his deputy, coming up with the "Cooperation and Competition" U.S.-Soviet policy that publicly talks of cooperation and detente with the Soviets while privately pushing for supremacy over them, causing them to argue frequently; liberal Thomas Phillip "Tip" O'Neill Jr. (1912-94) (D-Mass.) becomes U.S. House Speaker #47 (until Jan. 3, 1987); Harold Brown (1927-2019) becomes U.S. defense secy. #14 (until Jan. 20, 1981), becoming the first scientist and nuclear weapons expert to head the U.S. Defense Dept.; Carter promises to make human rights the cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy, which course Reagan and G.H.W. Bush later drop, but Clinton resumes; Carter becomes the first U.S. pres. not to appoint a Supreme Court justice since Truman, and later becomes the first elected pres. since 1932 not to win a 2nd term.; Am. singer Cher (1946-) later utters the soundbyte that because of his inexperience with Washington politics, the Dem. Congress "cut him off at the knees". On Jan. 20 George H.W. Bush leaves office as CIA dir., and in Mar. Amherst-educated Adm. Stansfield Turner (1923-) (Carter's classmate at Annapolis Naval Academy) succeeds him as dir. #12 (until Jan. 1981), becoming its first non-civilian dir. since June 1966, working to reduce the sinister image by making it more accountable to Congress. On Jan. 21 Pres. Carter urges 65 deg. F as the maximum heat in homes to ease the energy crisis - easy to say when you live in the sunny South? On Jan. 21 new Pres. Carter pardons almost all Vietnam War draft evaders (about 10K), except those involved in violent acts, and deserters, causing the Nat. Council for Universal and Unconditional Amnesty to complain that the resisters are "essentially white, middle-class, and well-educated", while the deserters are "primarily and disproportionately from the poor and minority groups". On Jan. 22 the Nat. Research Council releases a report to Pres. Carter claiming that world famine and malnutrition can be eliminated within a generation of the U.S. and other major countries begin a major agriculture and nutrition research project; in May the U.S. begins its growing season without fear that crop failures will cause a food crisis for the 1st time in five years, but still has no grain reserve system. On Jan. 23-30 the Roots miniseries, based on the 1976 Alex Haley bestseller is televised on ABC-TV on eight straight nights, comforting millions of whites that their white president from the Deep South is all for this TV network healing time, and can commiserate with their plight as long as they don't have to actually have to see a black in real life?; over 100M watch the final tearjerker episode. On Jan. 24 the Massacre of Atocha at 77 Atocha St. near Atocha Railway Station in Madrid sees far-rightists massacre five and injure four Spanish Communists, causing a backlash for legalizing the Communist Party, which is done on Easter. On Jan. 24 Miami-Dade County, Fla. passes an ordinance prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation, causing $100K/year Fla. orange juice spokesperson (since 1969) Anita Jane Bryant (1940-) ("a day without orange juice is like a day without sunshine") to lead the Save Our Children Coalition, based on her Bible-thumping Christian beliefs that teach that homosexuality is sinful and against the laws of God, with the soundbytes "I believe more than ever before that there are evil forces round about us, disguised as something good", and "As a mother, I know that homosexuals cannot biologically reproduce children, therefore, they must recruit our children"; after Rev. Jerry Falwell supports her, the campaign goes nationwide, and on June 7 the Dade County ordinance is overturned by the Fla. legislature by 69-31, followed by a law outlawing adoption by gays and lesbians in Fla., causing the gay community, supported by Hollyweird celebs Bette Midler, Barbra Streisand, Jane Fonda, Carroll O'Connor, Mary Tyler Moore et al. to fight back by boycotting orange juice and replacing Screwdrivers with Anita Bryants (vodka and apple juice) in bars; on Oct. 14 in Des Moines, Iowa she is publicly pied by a gay activist ("Well at least it's a fruit pie") (after which the pie-thrower gets one in his face); too bad, her political activism ruins her entertainment career, and in 1979 her contract with the Fla. Citrus Commission is not renewed, and she divorces her hubby Bob Green in 1980, leaving her with four kids, after which she flirts with bankruptcy while being harassed by gay extremists; in 1998 Dade County reauthorizes the anti-discrimination ordinance. On Jan. 25 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 6-3 in Oregon v. Mathiason that a suspect who voluntarily enters a police station not under arrest may be interrogated without being informed of his Miranda rights, even when police lie to him to entice him to confess - the Bill of Rights is suspended as soon as you walk through the door? Soviet Jews use the liberal Carter admin. as their way out, only to discover he's a whimp? On Jan. 26 the U.S. State Dept. charges the Soviet-dominated govt. of Czech. with violating the 1976 Helsinki Agreement for cracking down on dissidents Vaclav Havel, Jan Patocka et al., who signed Charter 77 (which is smuggled to West Germany and signed by 1.2K), which starts as a protest against the 1976 arrest of the rock band Plastic People of the Universe; on Jan. 28 they warn the Soviets not to crack down on Nobel scientist Andrei Sakharov for accusing the KGB of planting a bomb in a Moscow subway car and framing dissidents for it; on Mar. 1 Pres. Carter meets at the White House with exiled Soviet dissident refusenik (refusing to stay in the Soviet Union if they can find a way to get to Israel) Vladimir Konstantinovich Bukovsky (1942-); on Mar. 15 Ukrainian Jewish scientist and activist Anatoly "Natan" Borisovich Shcharansky (Sharansky) (1948-) is arrested by the Soviets for working with the CIA, after which they rebuff a U.S. protest and charge him with treason on June 1 along with nuclear physicist Yuri Feodorovich Orlov (1924-) and journalist Alexander "Alik" Ilyich Ginzburg (1936-2002); in 1978 they are convicted of "anti-Soviet agitation" and sentenced to 7, 13, and 8 years respectively; refusenik Vladimir Slepak gets 5 years of internal exile for "malicious hooliganism"; Shcharansky is imprisoned, then released to the West in 1986, emigrating to Israel; Orlov is deported in 1986 to the U.S. On Jan. 27 the Vatican reaffirms the Roman Catholic Church's ban on female priests - you have to be a prick to stick it in their mouths? On Jan. 30 after being appointed by Pres. Carter on Dec. 16, New Orleans, La.-born U.S. Rep. (D-Ga.) (since Jan. 3, 1973) Andrew Jackson Young Jr. (1932-) (former friend of MLK Jr., who was with him when he was assassinated in Memphis, Tenn. in 1968) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #14 (first African-Am.) (until Sept. 23, 1979), going on to become Atlanta, Ga. mayor #55 in 1982-90. On Jan. 30 (Sun.) the teenie series The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries debuts on ABC-TV for 46 episodes (until Jan. 14, 1979), starring Pamela Sue Martin (1953-) and Janet Louise Johnson (Janet Julian) (1959-) as detective Nancy Drew of River Heights, N.J., and Parker Stevenson (Richard Stevenson Parker Jr.) (1952-) and Shaun Paul Cassidy (1958-) as amateur detective brothers Frank and Joe Hardy of Bayport, Mass. In Jan. an assassination attempt against Marxist Benin pres. Mathieu Kerekou at Cotonou Airport is foiled. In Jan. John Lennon and Yoko Ono visit Egypt, and try to loot Egyptian antiquities? On Feb. 2 the 1977 Afghan Constitution is proclaimed. On Feb. 2 Brig. Gen. Teferi Benti is killed in a factional Dirgue (Dergue) ruling military council fight in Addis Ababa, and on Feb. 3 Lt. Col. Mengistu Haile Mariam (1937-) becomes PM and head of state of Ethiopia (until May 21, 1991), which is losing its fight to hold Eritrea and Ogaden from Somalian guerrillas; on Apr. 23 he ejects U.S. officials and brings in Cuban advisors, and in Oct. the Soviets announce that they will stop military aid to Somalia in favor of them to help them protect Harrar; he begins the Ethiopian Red Terror (ends 1978) against anti-Derg factions incl. the Ethiopian People's Rev. Party, and during his reign his govt. kills tens of thousands of students and intellectuals. On Feb. 4 (5:25 p.m.) the 1977 Chicago Loop Derailment in Ill. sees an elevated train hit the rear of another at Wabash Ave. and Lake St., sending two cars into the street, killing 11 and injuring 189. On Feb. 5 the Innisfree Meteorite (bright fireball) lands near Innisfree, Alberta, Canada, leaving nine pieces weighing 10.1 lb that are recovered by the Canadian Meteorite Observation and Recovery Project (MORP) (established 1971). On Feb. 6 Queen Elizabeth II begins celebrating her Silver Jubilee (25th anniv.); on May 17 she begins her Silver Jubilee Tour in Glasgow, Scotland; on June 6-9 Jubilee celebrations are held in the U.K. - if she can only outlast that ninny son of hers? On Feb. 7 Soyuz 24 blasts off carrying Soviet cosmonauts Viktor Vassilyevich Gorbatko (1934-) and Yuri Nikolayevich Glazkov (1939-2008), docking with Salyut 5 for 18 days; on Oct. 9 Soyuz 25 is launched carrying cosmonauts Vladimir Vasiliyevich Kovalyonok (1942-) and Valery Victorovich Ryumin (1939-), but it fails to dock with Salyut 6; on Dec. 10 Soyuz 26 blasts off, carrying Yuri Victorovitch Romanenko (1944-) and Georgi Mikhailovich Grechko (1931-), docking with Salyut 6 and setting an endurance record of 96 days. On Feb. 11 a 44 lb. 9 oz. (20.2kg) lobster is caught off Nova Scotia, becoming the heaviest known crustacean (until ?) - you should see some of the cockroaches in my kitchen? On Feb. 14 Clifford Leopold Alexander Jr. (1933-) becomes the first African-Am. secy. of the U.S. Army (until Jan. 20, 1981), presiding over making it an all-volunteer force while emphasizing minority business contracts. On Feb. 18 the Space Shuttle Enterprise, sitting atop a Boeing 747 goes on its maiden flight above the Mojave Desert from Edwards AFB in Calif. On Feb. 18 the comic book 2000 A.D. (dated Feb. 26) begins pub. (until ?), becoming known for its Judge Dredd stories. On Feb. 20 Carlos Humberto Romero (1924-) of the Nat. Conciliation Party succeeds Col. Arturo Armando Molina as pres. of El Savador (until 1979); too bad, the election is disputed, and fighting between left and right turns him into a death squad dictator, leading to a 12-year civil war starting in 1979. On Feb. 22 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in Whalen v. Roe that a state may pass a law requiring the reporting and storage of info. concerning Schedule II drug prescriptions, with Justice Potter Stewart writing the soundbyte that prior court decisions did not "recognize a general interest in freedom from disclosure of private information". On Mar. 1 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-1 in United Jewish Orgs. of Williamsburgh Inc. v. Carey that legislative voting districts may be reapportioned based on race to comply with the 1964 U.S. Voting Rights Act. On Mar. 1 the U.S. and Soviet Union extend their territorial limits to 200 mi. to match Chile, Ecuador, and Peru in their 1952 Declaration of Santiago; Japan doesn't recognize Soviet claims to Soviet-occupied islands it claims. On Mar. 2 the U.S. House of Reps. adopts the strict U.S. House Code of Ethics, which limits outside earnings and requires detailed financial disclosures - that will be even more fun to cheat on? On Mar. 4 (Fri.) (night) the 7.4 Bucharest Earthquake in Romania kills 1,570 and injures 11K, damaging 35K bldgs. and causing Nicolae Ceausescu to suspend an official trip to Nigeria. On Mar. 5 Pres. Carter takes questions from 42 telephone callers in 26 states on a network radio call-in program moderated by Walter Cronkite. On Mar. 7 the first gen. elections under civilian rule in Pakistan are held, and Zulfikar Bhutto's Pakistan People Party wins; too bad, charges of fraud cause a new election to be agreed on; too bad, before it can be held the army stages a coup and gives Bhutto the booto? On Mar. 8 Elizabeth II opens the Australian parliament as the queen of Australia. On Mar. 8 a small force of Angolans, (former Katanga gendarmes calling themselves the Congolese Nat. Liberation Front) invades the Shaba (former Katanga) province of S Zaire and threatens the mining center of Kolwezi; Pres. Mobutu calls for help, claiming the invaders to be Soviet and Cuban backed, and the Belgians, French and Saudis respond, but the U.S. rejects the Commie theory and only gives nonmilitary supplies; in Apr. France sends 1.5K Moroccan troops to Shaba; Mobutu is reelected to another 5-year term. On Mar. 8 the U.S. Army announces that it conducted 239 open-air tests of germ warfare without telling the public - didn't breathe a word? On Mar. 9 the Hanafi Muslim Siege begins when 12 Black Muslim extremists of the Hanafi Movement (splinter group of the Nation of Islam), incl. founder (1968) Khalifa Hamaas Abdul Khaalis (Ernest 2X McGee) (-2003) (former jazz drumer born in Gary Ind. as Ernest Timothy McGhee) invade the city hall, B'nai B'rith HQ, and Islamic Center in Washington, D.C. in protest of the airing of the 1976 Moustapha Akkad film Mohammed, Messenger of God, which they mistakenly believed broke the taboo about showing their prince of darkness prophet on film, taking 149 hostages, killing radio reporter Maurice Williams and police officer Mack Cantrell, wounding future mayor Marion Barry, and holding the hostages for two days Allah Akbaring like cowboys on beans, also demanding that a group of men convicted of killing their relatives be handed over so they can execute them; on Mar. 11 the siege ends after ambassadors from three Islamic nations join the negotiations, and they are convicted on July 23, and given 21-120 year sentences - the religion of peace, right? On Mar. 9 after a Canadian study links saccharin to bladder cancer in rats, the U.S. FDA announces the banning of saccharin in foods, soft drinks, chewing gum, and toothpaste; after the British medical journal Lancet questions the Canadian study, the U.S. Congress votes to delay the ban for 18 mo; on Dec. 14, 2010 the EPA removes it from its list of hazardous substances. On Mar. 12 French film dir. Roman Polanski (1933-) is indicted by a grand jury in Los Angeles on statutory rape charges over an affair with a 13-y.-o. girl at the home of actor Jack "you can't handle the truth" Nicholson, whom he had directed (and acted with in a cameo) in "Chinatown"; he flees the U.S. in Feb. 1978 after pleading guilty, gets a Calif. judge to arrange a plea bargain, who then reneges on it, and is finally arrested at the Zurich Airport on Sept. 27, 2009 as he flies in for an award at the Zurich Film Festival. On Mar. 15 the U.S. House of Reps. begins a 90-day test to determine the feasibility of showing its sessions on TV. On Mar. 15 (Tues.) the sitcom Eight Is Enough debuts on ABC-TV for 112 episodes (until Aug. 29, 1981), starring Richard Vincent "Dick" Van Patten (1928-) as newspaper columnist Tom Bradford, and Diana Hyland (Diane Gentner) (1936-77) as his wife Joan, who dies of breast cancer on Mar. 27, 1977 only 12 days after the first episode airs, and is replaced by Betty Lynn Buckley (1947-) as Sandra Sue "Abby" Abbott Bradford. On Mar. 15 (Tues.) the sitcom Three's Company, a remake of the BBC-TV sitcom "Man About the House" debuts on ABC-TV for 172 episodes (until Sept. 18, 1984), starring Jonathan Southworth "John" Ritter (1948-2003) (son of Tex Ritter) as Jack Tripper, bodacious blonde Suzanne Somers (Suzanne Marie Mahoney) (1946-) as Chrissy Snow, and hot brunette Joyce Anne DeWitt (1949-) as Janet Wood, who share multi-bedroom apt. #201 in Santa Monica, Calif.; Richard Kline (1944-) plays free-swinging sleazy used car salesman neighbor Larry Dallas; on Mar. 13, 1979 the spinoff The Ropers debuts for 28 episodes (until May 22, 1980), about their landlords Stanley and Helen Roper, played by Norman Fell (1924-98) and Audra Marie Lindley (1918-97); Jeffrey Michael Tambor (1944-) plays next-door neighbor realtor Jeffrey P. Brookes III, and Patricia Ellen "Patty" McCormack (1945-) plays his wife Anne. On Mar. 15 the PBS-TV series Live from the Metropolitan Opera debuts with Giacomo Puccini's "La Boheme", featuring the U.S. TV debut of Italian superstar tenor Luciano Pavarotti (1935-2007). On Mar. 16 Lebanon Druze Socialist leader Kamal Jumblatt (b. 1917) is assassinated, and his son Walid Jumblatt (1949-) becomes the new Druze leader; the Syrian govt. is suspected. On Mar. 17 Marin County pharmacist Fred Mayer starts the first Condom Day at U.C. Berkeley (UCB). On Mar. 18 People's Repub. of the Congo-Brazzaville pres. (since Jan. 1 1969) Maj. Marien Ngouabi (b. 1938) is killed by a 4-man suicide commando squad in Brazzaville; on Mar. 23 Brazzaville Roman Catholic Archbishop-Cardinal Emile Biayenda (b. 1927) is assassinated; former pres. Alphonse Massamba-Debat is accused of plotting both deaths and later executed; on Apr. 4 Army Chief of Staff Col. Jacques Joachim Yhombi Opango (1939-) becomes pres. (until Feb. 1979), becoming the country's first general; in June his govt. agrees to resume diplomatic relations with the U.S. after a 12-year rift. On Mar. 20 voters in Paris choose former French PM Jacques Chirac to be the French capital's first mayor in more than a cent. - is that like mayor of the palace? On Mar. 22 Pres. Carter proposes the abolition of the electoral college. On Mar. 24 after Indira Gandhi frees most of her political prisoners but doesn't stop voters from repudiating her 18-mo. emergency rule, longtime Indian freedom fighter (orthodox Hindu) Morarji Desai (1896-1995) of the new Janata Party becomes PM #4 of India (until July 28, 1979), becoming the first not belonging to the Congress Party as its dominance is finally broken; too bad, it is revealed that 500 unmarried women were forcibly sterilized during Gandhi's emergency, and 1.5K men died from botched vasectomies, causing family planning to be virtually shut down and the Ministry of Health and Family Planning to change its name to Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, after which surgical sterilizations plummet from 12M a year in 1975 to 1.8M a year. On Mar. 27 in a "runway incursion", a KLM Boeing 747 taxiing at 3 mph crashes head-on into a Pan Am Boeing 747 attempting takeoff on the Canary Island of Tenerife, killing 583; a terrorist attack on another island had caused way too many planes to be diverted to the tiny 1-runway airport, a heavy fog had settled, and two planes had been taxied down in the same direction, with the 1st supposed to turn around and take off after the 2nd takes an exit, but misses it, and the tower guys are listening to a soccer game on the radio, and the KLM model chief pilot is worried about having to stay overnight and takes off without clearance, is called by his subordinates, then does it again, cowing them into not calling it, then speeds up and tries to liftoff too short instead of trying to stop or evade, and had the plane previously filled with too much fuel, yada yada yada?; the worse civilian plane crash until ? On Mar. 28 the 49th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1976 to Sylvester Stallone's breakthrough United Artists (Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler) hit Rocky, along with best dir. to John G. Avildsen; best actor goes to mad-as-hell Peter Finch (b. 1916) (who dies from a heart attack 2 mo. before the ceremony) (first Australian to win for best actor, and first posth. winner, followed by Heath Ledger in 2009), best actress to Faye Dunaway, and best supporting actress to Beatrice Straight for Network (shortest performance ever, 4.5 min.); best supporting actor to Jason Robards for All the President's Men (Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman are snubbed). In Mar. British Liberals enter into a coalition with the Labour Party to keep James Callaghan's govt. in power. In Mar. Palestinian leader Zuheir (Zuhair) Mohsen (1936-79) gives an interview to the Dutch newspaper "Trouw", with the soundbyte: "The Palestinian people does not exist. The creation of a Palestinian state is only a means for continuing our struggle against the state of Israel for our Arab unity. In reality today there is no difference between Jordanians, Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese. Only for political and tactical reasons do we speak today about the existence of a Palestinian people, since Arab national interests demand that we posit the existence of a distinct Palestinian people to oppose Zionism. For tactical reasons, Jordan, which is a sovereign state with defined borders, cannot raise claims to Haifa and Jaffa, while as a Palestinian, I can undoubtedly demand Haifa, Jaffa, Beer-Sheba and Jerusalem. However, the moment we reclaim our right to all of Palestine, we will not wait even a minute to unite Palestine and Jordan." In Mar. the Internat. Trade Commission announces that rising imports threaten the U.S. sugar industry, causing the U.S. Commerce Dept. in May to recommend federal aid, but Pres. Carter resists measures to raise sugar prices, getting accused of bias toward Ga.-based Coca-Cola Corp., and signing a farm bill providing generous loans to sugar growers, who can repay with crops instead of money, causing a $500M 300K ton stockpile by 1979, which the govt. eventually unloads at a loss to ethanol manufacturer and China. In spring the quarterly Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine debuts (until ?); it changes to bimonthly in 1978, and monthly in 1979; in 1992 it becomes "Asimov's Science Fiction". On Apr. 1 bibliophile town Hay-on-Wye ("the town of books") in Powys, Wales declares independence as a publicity stunt. On Apr. 3 a crowded bus plunges into the Kassed Canal near Tanta, Nile Delta, Egypt, killing 19. On Apr. 4 a flood in Grundy, Va. causes $15M in damae to 228 bldgs. On Apr. 5 a group of Chilean military men in London announce the formation of the Front of Dem. Forces of Chile in Exile. On Apr. 7 Siegfried Buback (b. 1920), the prosecutor in charge of the extreme leftist Baader-Meinhof Gang (AKA the Red Army Faction) case is assassinated along with his driver and bodyguard while waiting for a red light near his home in Karlsruhe; on Apr. 28 Bernd Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, and Jan-Carl Raspe are convicted and sentenced to life in prison for murder, 34 attempted murders, and gang membership, with the judge rejecting "so-called political motives" as a reason for clemency; on July 30 the German Autumn, a reign of terror in West Germany begins when Dresdner Bank head Jurgen (Jürgen) Ponto (b. 1923) is gunned down in front of his house in Oberursel (near Frankfurt) by his 26-y.-o. RAF-member granddaughter after a kidnapping attempt goes bad; on Sept. 13 Baader and Ulrike Meinhof begin their 3rd hunger strike in Schwalmstadt Prison in Dusseldorf and Ossendorf Prison in Cologne, causing other prisoners to join; on Sept. 15 Hans-Martin (Hanns-Martin) Schleyer (b. 1915), head of the West German Federation of German Industries and Confederation of German Employers' Assocs. (BDA) (and former Nazi SS officer) is kidnapped in Cologne, and his driver and three bodyguards killed, then killed on Oct. 18 after the govt. fails to accede to their ransom demands plus release of 11 RAF members and Baader is found shot dead in his cell in Stammheim Prison in Stuttgart while his babe Gudrun Ensslin is found hanging from the bars in her cell window earlier in the day; on Nov. 10 superior court judge-pres. George Richard Gunter (Günter) von Drenkmann (b. 1910) is assassinated at his front door by four youths carrying flowers; West Germany mobilizes 30K police and restricts civil liberties. On Apr. 11 London launches its Silver Jubilee buses. On Apr. 15 in Buenos Aires, Argentina after he pisses-off the ruling junta by printing names of disappeared ones in his newspaper "La Opinion" (founded 1971), 20 armed men break into the home of Ukrainian-born journalist Jacobo Timerman (1923-99), kidnap then torture and hold him in solitary confinement until Sept. 1979, when the supreme court orders him released, after which he is stripped of citizenship and deported; in 1981 he pub. Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number. On Apr. 16 the ban on women attending West Point Military Academy is lifted - as long as they don't mind a little dorm rape? On Apr. 17 (Sun.) the syndicated TV series In Search of... debuts for 146 episodes (until Mar. 1, 1982), hosted by Leonard Nimoy (1931-), featuring investigations into the paranormal; episode #1 features plant consciousness researcher Marcel Vogel. On Apr. 18 Pres. Carter gives a televised Speech on Proposed Energy Policy, calling for "the moral equivalent of war", urging conservation efforts along with higher fuel prices to discourage consumption; meanwhile Americans believe the energy crisis to be a fabrication of the major oil cos. to foist higher prices on them, even though they avg. less than 70 cents per gal. On Apr. 20 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules in Wooley v. Maynard to order N.H. to quit forcing people to have the state motto "Live Free or Die" displayed on their license plates against their will after a Jehovah's Witnesses family is prosecuted for covering the words up and fights back. On Apr. 21 Army chief of staff Gen. Ziaur Rahman (1936-81) becomes pres. of Bangladesh following the resignation of Abu Sadat Mohammed Sayem (until 1981). On Apr. 21-22 the Dover Demon, an eerie unexplained monster with watermelon-shaped head, illuminated orange eyes, and thin arms, legs and fingers is reported by residents of Dover, Mass. On Apr. 26 Studio 54 in New York City at 254 W. 54th St., Manhattan (old CBS-TV Studio 52, next door to the Ed Sullivan Theater) is opened by Syracuse U. college chums Ian Schrager (1946-) and Steve Rubell (1943-89), soon becoming the #1 disco nightclub where anything goes and everybody wants to be seen; regulars incl. Andy Warhol, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bianca Jagger, Rick James, Michael Jackson, Donald Trump, Ivana Trump, John Travolta, Woody Allen, Cher, and O.J. Simpson; in 1978 after Rubell utters the soundbyte that only the Mafia makes more money, they are raided, and he and Schrager are charged with tax evasion et al. for allegedly skimming $2.5M from receipts; on Jan. 18, 1980 after being raided again in Dec. 1979 they are sentenced to 42 mo. in priz and $20K fine each, causing them to sell-out for $#4.75M in Nov.; it closes in Mar. 1986 and briefly reopens in 1994; on Jan. 17, 2017 Pres. obama pardons Schrager. On Apr. 27 the 1977 Guatemala City Air Disaster sees an Aviateca Convair 240 crash, killing all 22 passengers and six crew. In Apr. the Panama Canal Treaties, calling for the U.S. to turn over control of the waterway to Panama by the year 2000 but reserving the right to intervene to ensure its operation are ratified by the U.S. Senate, then signed in Washington, D.C. by Pres. Carter and Gen. Omar Torrijos Herrera on Sept. 7; on Oct. 24 Panamamian voters approve them by 2-1; Calif. gov. Ronald Reagan, who is against them utters the soundbyte "It's ours - we stole it fair and square" (stolen from Calif. state sen. S.I. Hayakawa). In Apr. the Students Islamic Movement in India is founded in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. In Apr. (the lame but noisy group?) Americans With Physical Disabilities begins staging protests at federal bldgs. in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Washington D.C., incl. a 25-day occupation of the San Francisco Federal Bldg. which become known as the 504 Sit-In; the Black Panthers provide daily home-cooked meals; the movement leads to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. In Apr. fifty original inhabitants of the Marshall Islands (Western or Rulik group) of Bikini and Eniwetok, the forerunner of 450 returnees are resettled after an absence of 30 years. In Apr. an oil well in the North Sea blows-out, creating a 20-mi. oil slick. On May 1 the Takim Square Massacre in Istanbul sees May Day celebrations by 500K broken up by the army and police, killing 34-42 and inuring 126-220. On May 3 Elizabeth II launches the British anti-submarine warfare carrier HMS Invincible at Barrow-in-Furness. On May 7-8 the Group of Seven (G-7), leaders of the world's seven major industrialized nations (U.S., Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Canada) meet in London to create a multibillion dollar cushion through the IMF against trade deficits caused by rising oil prices; Boris N. Yeltsin is treated as a hero and wined and dined, telling U.S. CEOs "I want to emphatically state that Russia welcomes foreign investment"; in 1994 Russia makes it G-8, AKA G-7 Plus 1. On May 10 the South Africa Broadcast Corp. (SABC) (founded in 1936) begins broadcasting TV after reversing its stand on it as morally corrupting; half of the programs are in English and half in Afrikaans; only 10K TV sets have been sold since Jan. On May 12 Pink Floyd performs its first quadrophonic concert in London. On May 14 undercover British Protestant soldier Capt. Robert Laurence Nairac (b. 1948) is kidnapped by the Provisional IRA outside the Three Step Inn in Drumintee near infamous Forkill, County Armagh, and tortured in vain for info.; his body is never recovered, and he is posth. awarded the George Cross. On May 14 a Dan-Air Boeing 707 en route from London, Athens and Nairobi crashes during final approach in Lusaka, Zambia, killing all six aboard. On May 14 Italian policeman Antonio Custra is shot and killed in Milan during a far-left demonstration by a hooded person, whose photo becomes famous. On May 16 a New York Airways Sikorsky S-61L heli idling atop the Pan Am Bldg. in midtown Manhattan topples over from landing gear failure, killing five. On May 17 the Labor Party loses the Israeli election for the first time in history; on June 21 Likud Party leader Menachem Begin (1913-92) replaces Yitzhak Rabin as Israel's 6th PM; Shimon Peres (1923-) replaces Rabin as Labor Party leader. On May 18 after five murders and 12 rapes since Aug. 4, 1976, Alexandria, Va.-born Montie (Monte) Ralph Rissell (1959-) is apprehended, confessing and receiving five consecutive life sentences at age 18, going on to write a 461-page diary detailing his murders, pissing-off the victims' families, who keep lobbying to deny him parole. On May 19 after paying him an unprecedented $600K out of his own pocket and being turned down by all the major U.S. networks, forcing him to scrap to find financial backers, the David Frost Interview with Richard Nixon is aired, featuring English interviewer David Frost (1939-2013) taking on fallen president Richard "Tricky Dicky" Nixon in three 90-min. interviews after he is coached by Diane Sawyer (1945-), which becomes super-famous after Nixon tacitly (but not explicitly) admits his guilt in the Watergate scandal in the 3rd interview after Frost asks him "Would you go further than mistakes, the word that seems not enough for people to understand... and I think that unless you say it, you're going to be haunted for the rest of your life", saying "Yes, I let the American people down, and I'll have to carry the burden the rest of my life", making Frost a giant hit with journalists and the interview tapes a historical superstar, plus making the financial backers rich and helping Frost get even with the network execs; Nixon had wanted the interviews to resurrect his political career until Frost exposes him as a crook for all time who has only the least amount of contrition? On May 22 the Orient Express (Simplon-Orient Express) (begun in 1883) makes its last 1.9K-mi. run from Paris to Istanbul, taking 60 hours, vs. 3 hours by air. On May 23 four South Moluccan terrorists invade a school in Bovensmilde in Drenthe province, N Netherlands and take 105 hostages, while nine more take a passenger train with 500 hostages; on June 11 after 20 days Dutch Royal Marines storm the train, killing six terrorists; two hostages are killed. On May 23 the U.S. Supreme Court refuses to hear the appeals of the Three Stooges Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Mitchell. On May 23-June 11 the 20-day 1977 Dutch Train Hostage Crisis in the Netherlands sees Dutch Marines storm a train and a school held by nine South Moluccan extremists; six gunmen and two hostages on the train are killed. On May 24 after fighting Leonid Brezhnev's bid to become chmn. of the Presidium along with party secy., the Kremlin ousts Soviet pres. (since 1965) Nikolai Podgorny from the Politburo, and on June 16 Brezhnev is named pres. of the Soviet Union, becoming the first to hold both posts simultaneously, and kicking the cigarette habit, banning smoking in dining areas of restaurants. On May 26 George H. Willig scales the outside of the South Tower of New York City's World Trade Center; they arrest him at the top of the 110-story bldg., then fine him $1.10 on May 27. On May 27 Elizabeth II opens a new Air Terminal Bldg. at Edinburgh Airport. On May 28 (night) (Memorial Day Weekend) a fire races through the Beverly Hills Supper Club in Southgate, Ky. (6 mi. from Cincinnati, Ohio), killing 165 and injuring 200 of 3K patrons and 182 employees, becoming the 3rd deadliest U.S. nightclub fire (until ?). On May 31 the 800-mi. Trans-Alaska Pipeline from Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope S to the port of Valdez is completed after three years of work, and opens on June 20; the first oil reaches Valdez on July 28. In May the Clamshell Alliance attempts in vain to stop construction of the Seabrook Nuclear Plant in N.H. with non-violent demonstrations that result in 2K arrests; more activists protest the Trojan Nuclear Plant near Rainier, Ore. and the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant near San Luis Obispo, Calif.; meanwile five new nuclear reactors come online in the U.S. by next year. On June 3 Morocco holds its first free elections since 1962. On June 4-5 the FALN Puerto Rican separatist group explodes a bomb on the 5th floor of the Cook County Bldg. in Chicago, Ill. outside the offices of mayor Michael Bilandic and board of commissioners pres. George Dunne; a few hours later the Humboldt Park Riot in Chicago, Ill. sees police kill two Puerto Rican men, causing Puerto Ricans to riot, and police to kill three, wound 97, and arrest 164 while suffering 56 wounded; in 1978 the Division Street Puerto Rican Day Parade is launched to commemorate it. On June 5 a Socialist coup in Seychelles is supported by Tanzania. On June 7-9 Hungarian Communist Party first secy. (since 1956) Janos Kadar (1912-89) meets with Pope Paul VI at the Vatican, marking "new progress" in relations with the Church. On June 9 a truck crashes into a crowd at a bus stop in downtown Moscow, Russia, killing eight and injuring 18. On June 9 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-2 in Carey v. Population Services Internat. that it is unconstitutional to prohibit anyone other than a licensed pharmacist to distribute nonprescription contraceptives to persons age 16 or over, or to prohibit their distribution by any adult or to prohibit anyone to advertise or display them because the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment prohibits a state from intruding on a person's decisions on matters of procreation as protected by privacy rights. On June 10 James Earl Ray (1928-98), convicted assassin of Martin Luther King Jr. escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tenn. with six others, and is recaptured on June 13 after bloodhounds Sandy and Little Red track him down. On June 11 after white voters in Southwest Africa (Namibia) vote overwhelmingly to accept an interim govt. based on racial divisions, South Africa rejects the constitution drafted at the Turnhalle Conference in Windhoek, and accepts a Western proposal to incl. SWAPO in negotiations for independence. On June 12 the Supremes perform their final concert in Drury Lane in London, England. On June 15 the first gen. election in Spain since 1936 is a V for the UCD (Union of Dem. Centre); Spanish Civil War heroine ("La Pasionaria") Dolores Ibarruri (Ibárruri) (1895-1989), who returned from 38 years of exile in Moscow on May 15 runs on the Communist Party ticket. On June 19 Pope Paul VI proclaims Bohemian-born 19th-cent. Philadelphia bishop St. John Nepomucene Neumann (1811-60) as the first male U.S. saint. On June 20 the first oil from Prudhoe Bay enters the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, arriving in Valez on July 28; production peaks in 1988 at 2.1M barrels a day, down to 400K by 2005. On June 20 the U.S. Supreme Court votes 6-3 in Beal v. Doe that states aren't required to use Medicaid funds to fund elective abortions; on June 29 the U.S. Senate votes 56-42 to bar funding of elective abortions; on Aug. 2 the U.S. House votes 238-162 for ditto, causing Pres. Carter to utter the soundbyte "There are many things in life that are not fair"; on Oct. 3 Rosaura "Rosie" Jimenez (b. 1950) in McAllen, Tex. becomes the first woman to die by illegal abortion since the funds cutoff. On June 20 the fake documentary (originally set for Apr. 1) Alternative 3 is broadcast by the U.K.'s Anglia TV, purporting to investigate Britain's brain drain, then uncovering a plot to make the Moon and Mars habitable in the event of an environmental catastrophe on Earth. On June 21 Bulent Ecevit forms a new govt. in Turkey, but it fails to receive a vote of confidence, and on July 21 Suleyman Demirel (1924-) of the AP forms the 41st govt. with a 3-party coalition, becoming PM of Turkey (until Jan. 5, 1978). On June 21 Marxist Jyoti Basu (1914-2010) becomes PM of West Bengal, India (until Nov. 6, 2000). On June 22 John N. Mitchell becomes the first U.S. atty.-gen. to go to prison as he begins serving a sentence for his role in the Watergate coverup; he is released 19 mo. later. On June 24 the First Internat. UFO Congress is held in Chicago, Ill. to mark the 30th anniv. of the first UFO sighting by pilot Kenneth A. Arnold (1915-84), who attends and still believes in them. On June 26 a fire sends toxic smoke pouring through the Maury County Jail in Columbia, Tenn., killing 42. On June 26 Elvis Presley performs Elvis' final concert in Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Ind. On June 27 200K-300K march in San Francisco, Calif. to protest the street murder of gay gardener Robert Hillsborough on June 24, as well as pesky Anita Bryant, chanting "We are your children". On June 27 French Somaliland (French Territory of the Afars and the Issas) at the entrance to the Red Sea on the Gulf of Aden gains independence as the Repub. of Djibouti (pop. 100K) - shake djibouti? On June 27 the U.S. Supreme Court in Bates v. State Bar of Ariz. strikes down state laws and bar assoc. rules prohibiting lawyers from advertising their fees for routine services - Dewey, Cheatem & Howe? On June 28 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 7-2 in Nixon v. Gen. Services Admin. to uphold the seizure of Pres. Nixon's private papers, but orders him to be compensated $16M, giving him a net profit from the Watergate Scandal and resignation. On June 30 Pres. Carter announces his opposition to the B-1 bomber. On June 30 SEATO (founded 1954) is dissolved; the Manila Pact remains in effect. On July 1 the Canadian all-news radio network CKO begins broadcasting (until 1989). On July 1 Los Angeles, Calif.-born gay necrophile Patrick Wayne Kennedy (1939-) is arrested, confessing to the murders of 35 young men in Calif. since 1962, becoming known as "the Freeway Killer", and "the Trash Bag Killer" from his habit of disposing of their bodies along Calif. highways, and is convicted of 21 murders and given a life sentence. On July 3 a great cloud of hay drifts over Devizes, England at teatime, then falls to the ground in handful-size clumps; the sky is otherwise clear and cloudless and the temp. is 26 F with a slight breeze. On July 3-5 using the 1974 murder of his critic Ahmad Rza Kasuri's father as a pretext, Pakistani army chief of staff (since Mar. 1, 1976) gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1924-88) (a non-practicing Shiite Muslim) overthrows the first elected PM (since 1973) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, imposes martial law, and becomes military ruler of Pakistan (until Aug. 17, 1988), soon getting the Hudood Ordinances passed as part of his Islamization program, modifying the British-era Pakistan Penal Code to introduce medieval Islamic punishments for theft, robbery, false witness (qazf), extramarital sex (zina), and alcohol consumption, along with new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death, degrading the status of women - hand it over, here we go? On July 7 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 412 to admit Djibouti; on July 20 it adopts Resolution 413 by consensus to admit Vietnam. On July 7 the FBI raids the world HQ of the Church of Scientology in Los Angeles, Calif., and discovers evidence that they were conspiring to infiltrate, burglarize, and bug offices of the IRS and U.S. Dept. of Justice, along with a 19-page plan to sabotage IRS investigations that they called Operation Snow White, becoming the largest infiltration of the U.S. govt. in history, with up to 5K secret agents; 11 Scientologists incl. Mary Sue Hubbard (1931-2002), 3rd wife (1952-86) of founder L. Ron Hubbard (1911-86) are later convicted, causing Hubbard to go into hiding for the rest of his life. On July 11 a posth. Medal of Freedom is awarded to Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. (d. 1968) in a White House ceremony. On July 12 Pres. Carter defends U.S. Supreme Court decisions limiting govt. payments for abortions for poor women, saying "There are many things in life that are not fair." On July 13-14 the 25-hour 1977 New York City Blackout hits the New York City area after lightning strikes on upstate power lines, causing looters to rampage while the rabbits rustle, causing $150M in theft and property damage; Con Edison is later found guilty of negligence. On July 15 anti-drug campaigner Donald Bruce Mackay (b. 1933) disappears from his van in a hotel parking lot near Griffin, N.S.W., presumed murdered. On July 19 after Antichrist servant Adolf Hitler's defeat in WWII made his return possible, 6'3" navel-less breatharian Maitreya (Sansk. "friendly") the World Teacher arrives in London, England by plane from Pakistan in the final Second Coming of all religions, according to Glasgow, Scotland-born Alice A. Bailey follower and Transmission Meditation founder Benjamin Creme (1922-); after predicting the Second Coming for June 21, 1982 and being disappointed, he regroups and founds Share Internat. (Tara Center). On July 19/20 after heavy rains the 1977 Johnstown Flood in Penn. kills 85 and causes $300M in damage, compared to 2.2K in 1889 and 24 and $41M in 1936. On July 21 the first 412K of 700M barrels of oil is stored in the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) located in more than 500 salt domes along the U.S. coast of the Gulf of Mexico. On July 22 at the Chinese Politburo central committee meeting, Deng Xiaoping is rehabilitated and reinstated as deputy PM, chief of staff of the army, and member of the central committee; at the same time the Gang of Four are removed from all official posts and banned from the party; Deng begins bid for supreme power against Hua Guofeng, launching the Beijing Spring, permitting open criticism of the excesses of the Cultural Rev. and removing barriers against former Chinese capitalists and landlords joining the party to give him new recruits, and decommunizing China with new capitalist programs, giving nearly half of all urban workers a 5%-10% wage increase late in the year; new party leadership is elected on Aug. 20. On July 24 Led Zeppelin plays their last U.S. concert at the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum in Calif. (opened Sept. 18, 1966); too bad, fighting erupts between the crew and the staff of promoter Bill Graham, resulting in criminal assault charges for drummer John Bonham et al. On July 28 12-y.-o. Portuguese-descent shoeshine boy Emanuel Jaques (b. 1965) is lured into a massage parlor in the red-light Yonge St. district of Toronto, Ont., Canada then sexually assaulted and drowned in a kitchen sink, causing a public outcry resulting in the conviction of Saul Betesh, Robert Kribs, and Joseph Woods (-2003) and the cleanup of the district. On July 30 German Red Army Faction terrorists Susanne Albrecht (1951-), Brigitte Margret Ida Mohnhaupt (1949-), and Christian Georg Alfred Klar (1952-) assassinate Dresdner Bank chmn. Jurgen (Jürgen) Ponto (b. 1923) (godfather of Albrecht) in Oberursel, West Germany after first trying to kidnap him in his villa. On July 31 anti-nuclear protesters demonstrate in Isere, France. In July the Falls City Brewing Co. of Louisville, Ky. (founded 1905) introduces Billy Beer, promoted by Pres. Jimmy Carter's brother William Alton "Billy" Carter III (1937-88), who puts his signature on the cans along with the following endorsement: "Brewed expressly for and with the personal approvel of one of America's all-time Great Beer Drinkers - Billy Carter. I had this beer brewed up just for me. I think it's the best I ever tasted. And I've tasted a lot. I think you'll like it too"; too bad, it becomes the butt of redneck jokes, and allegedly "in private he drank Pabst", and Falls City closes down in Oct. 1978, then reopens in 2010 as a craft brewery, offering Hipster Repellant IPA and other brands. On Aug. 1 the Arco tanker Juneau becomes the first ship to take on oil from the Alaskan Pipeline at Valdez, Alaska. On Aug. 3 Cosmos 936 is launched by the Soviet Union, performing biomedical experiments in cooperation with the U.S., France, and Communist bloc countries. On Aug. 3 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Surface Mining and Reclamation act, requiring strip-mining coal cos. to restore the original contours of the land. On Aug. 3 the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence holds hearings on MKULTRA, the CIA behavioral modification research program. On Aug. 4 Pres. Carter signs legislation creating the U.S. Dept. of Energy, broadening federal control over all forms of energy, with former CIA dir. James R. Schlesinger as energy secy. #1 on Aug. 6 (until Aug. 23, 1979); it grows to 20K employees and a $11B budget, making the energy problems of the U.S. worse? On Aug. 4 in San Francisco, Calif. 50 elderly tenants of the Internat. Hotel in Chinatown are evicted by force by police led by Sheriff Richard D. Hongisto (1937-2004) as thousands of protesters fill the streets. On Aug. 6 the Usu Volcano on Hokkaido Island, Japan erupts (last in 1910 and 1943-5). On Aug. 9 the military junta ruling Uruguay announces that civilians elections will be held in 1981. On Aug. 10 Yonkers postal employee David Richard Berkowitz (1953-) is arrested in Yonkers, N.Y. by N.Y. detective John M. Falotico (1924-2006) after he receives a tip through the window of a Ford Galaxy and puts his gun to the suspect's temple, asking "Who have I got, you tell me?"; Berkowitz is accused of being the "Son of Sam" ".44 Caliber Killer" .44 Bulldog revolver gunman responsible for six murders and seven woundings of couples in parked cars over the last 12 mo. (since July 29, 1976); after arrest he claims that he acted on orders of the dog of neighbor Sam Carr (b. 1913), who claims not to know him; after conviction, he is sentenced on June 12, 1978 to 365 years, 25 years for each murder; Falotico gets a $2.5K raise and promotion from 2nd to 1st grade detective; before his arrest, New York Daily News columnist James Earle "Jimmy" Breslin (1930-2017) developed a relationship with Berkowitz, who sent him rambling letters forecasting his shootings. On Aug. 11 a charter bus plunges 120 ft. off Nagatoro Brige in Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan, killing 11 and injuring 39. On Aug. 12 the Space Shuttle Enterprise passes its first solo flight test by taking off atop a Boeing 747, separating and then touching down in Calif.'s Mojave Desert; in Oct. it glides to another bumpy but successful landing at Edwards AFB in Calif.; meanwhile the Thirty-Five New Guys, the first Space Shuttle astronauts undergo selection. On Aug. 12 South African Black Consciousness movment leader Stephen Bantu "Steve" Biko (b. 1946) is arrested, shackled for 50 hours and driven 700 mi. in a Land Rover without medical attention; on Sept. 6 he suffers a massive head injury, and on Sept. 11 he is found by a South African guard to be semiconscious and foaming at the mouth; a doctor orders him transported to a prison hospital in Pretoria, where he dies on Sept. 12, triggering an internat. outcry after a South African magistrate rules on Dec. 2 that authorities are blameless - what we have here is a failure to communicate? On Aug. 15 WWI Gestapo SS Lt. Col. Herbert Kappler (1907-78) escapes from the Caelian Hill military hospital in Rome when his wife carries him out in a suitcase since he suffers with terminal cancer and weighs only 105 lbs.; West German authorities refuse to extradite him. On Aug. 16 "the King of Rock and Roll" Elvis Aaron Presley (b. 1935) dies in his upstairs bedroom suite at Graceland Mansion in Memphis of a heart failure caused by a drug OD at age 42, and is found on the bathroom floor; either that or he stages a fake death so he can retire in peace and obscurity, since Elvis sightings soon begin to compete with UFO sightings?; Pres. Carter issues a statement that Elvis "permanently changed the face of American popular culture"; 75K line the streets of Memphis for his funeral. On Aug. 20 NASA launches Voyager 2, an unmanned spacecraft carrying a 12-in. gold phonograph record containing 115 images and 90 min. of greetings in 55 languages incl. from the U.S. pres. and secy.-gen. of the U.N., common sounds of Earth, scientific info., and music incl. Mozart and Chuck Berry's "Johnny B. Goode", ed. by Carl Sagan and Frank Drak; it goes on to study Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune; on Sept. 5 its twin Voyager 1 is launched; both Voyagers contain a golden record titled Sounds of Earth, incl. an interpretation of Johannes Kepler's Harmony of the Worlds (Harmonices Mundi) by computer musician Laurie Spiegel (1945-); in Dec. 2010 Voyager 1 reaches a distance from the Sun where it no longer can detect solar wind. On Sept. 7 convicted Watergate conspirator G. Gordon Liddy is released from prison after more than four years - of sausage and meatballs with cream sauce every night? On Sept. 7 U.S. Pres. Carter and Panamanian dictator-pres. Omar Torrijos sign the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, abrogating the 1903 Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty and ceding control of the Panama Canal to Panama on Dec. 31, 1999-Jan. 1, 2000; Dem. Ohio Sen. Frank Church is the main Senate supporter of the treaties, causing an "Anybody but Church Committee" to be formed by the Nat. Conservative Political Action Committee (NCPAC) in Washington, D.C., which engineers Church's defeat by less than 1% of the vote for his 5th term during the Reagan landslide. On Sept. 8 the INTERPOL Conference on Copyrights issues an ominous Resolution Against Piracy of Video Tapes and Other Copyrighted Material, which is posted at the start of video tapes et al. (until ?). On Sept. 8 Phyllis debuts on CBS-TV for 48 episodes (until Mar. 13, 1977), starring Cloris Leachman (1926-) as Phyllis Lindstrom, Mary Richards' landlady from "Mary Tyler Moore", who moves back to her hometown of San Francisco after the death of her hubby Lars, shacking up with his mother Audrey (Jane Rose) - sounds like bleached clitoris? On Sept. 10 a cholera epidemic in the Arab states is reported. On Sept. 10 convicted murderer (Tunisian immigrant) Hamida Djandoubi (b. 1949) becomes the last person to be executed by the guillotine in France - do the eyes really continue to move? On Sept. 13 (Tues.) the sitcom Soap debuts on ABC-TV for 85 episodes (until Apr. 20, 1981), a sex-soaked parody of daytime soaps by Susan Harris (nee Spivak) (1940-) about sisters Jessica Tate (rich), played by Katherine Marie Helmond (1928-), and Mary Campbell (blue collar), played by Cathryn Lee Damon (1930-87) in Dunns River, Conn., and featuring Robert "Bob" Guillaume (1927-) as black butler Benson Du Bois, and William Edward "Billy" Crystal (1948-) as gay Jodie Dallas, the show becoming a Hollyweird vehicle to launch homosexuality, martial infidelity, racial intermarriage, impotence, and gay parenting into U.S. homes despite evangelical Christian and Roman Catholic protests - are you married, this would make it real interesting? On Sept. 15 (Thur.) the cop show CHiPs debuts on NBC-TV for 139 episodes (until May 17, 1983), starring Larry Wilcox (1947-) as straightlaced Jonathan "Jon" Baker, and Henry Enrique "Erik" Estrada (1949-) as wild Francis "Frank" "Ponch" Poncherello, Calif. Highway Patrol officers touring Los Angeles while reporting to Sgt. Joseph Getraer, played by Robert Pine (1941-); since real officers ride alone, they explain that Ponch is on probation and has to be watched over by Baker; features the roller disco scene, which is later called "the most Seventies scene in 1970s TV". On Sept. 14 (Wed.) the weekly sports show Inside the NFL debuts on HBO, switching to Showtime in Sept. 2008 (until ?), featuring NFL Films footage of the past week's games along with commentary, analysis, and interviews by Al Meltzer and Chuck Bednarik; in 1978 the new hosts are Len Dawson and Merle Harmon, who is replaced in 1980 by Nick Buoniconti; in 1990 Chris Collinsworth joins; in 2002 the hosts are Cris Carter, Dan Marino, Bob Costas, and Chris Collinsworth. On Sept. 16 (Fri.) the sci-fi series Logan's Run, a spinoff of the 1976 film debuts on CBS-TV for 13 episodes (until Jan. 16, 1978), starring Gregory Harrison (1950-) as Logan 5. On Sept. 17 (Sat.) Operation Petticoat debuts on ABC-TV for 32 episodes (until Aug. 10, 1979), based on the 1959 film, starring Tony Curtis' daughter Jamie Lee Curtis (1958-) as Lt. Duran; too bad, the cast is changed for season 2, leading to quick cancellation. On Sept. 19 Nicaraguan pres. Anastasio Somoza Debayle buckles to U.S. pressure and lifts the state of siege. On Sept. 19 the sitcom Fawlty Towers debuts on BBC-2 for ? episodes (until Oct. 25, 1979), starring John Marwood Cleese (1939-) as Fawlty Towers Hotel (in Torquay on the English Riviera) proprietor Basil Fawlty, Prunella Scales (1932-) as his wife Sybil, Constance "Connie" Booth (1944-) (Cleese's wife from 1968-78) as waitress Polly, and German-born Andrew Sachs (1930-) as Spanish waiter Manuel. On Sept. 20 the 1st wave of Vietnamese Boat People arrive in San Francisco, Calif. under a new U.S. resettlement program; after the new regime imposes Socialist economic measures, the tide grows next year, with Taiwan, France, West Germany, Canada, and Malaysia also accepting refugees; W Denver's Federal Blvd. in Colo. is bought-up and soon sprouts Vietnamese restaurants and Asian groceries, which TLW patronizes. On Sept. 20 (Tue.) the drama Lou Grant (a spinoff of "The Mary Tyler Moore Show") debuts on CBS-TV for 114 episodes (until Sept. 13, 1982), starring Edward "Ed" Asner (1929-) as ed. of the Los Angeles Tribune after being fired by WJM-TV. On Sept. 21 the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is agreed to by the 15-nation London Club (Nuclear Suppliers Grop), incl. the U.S. and Soviet Union. On Sept. 21 after weeks of controversy over past business and banking practices and two Senate committees, Pres. Carter's embattled "broken lance" Office of Management and Budget dir. Thomas Bertran "Bert" Lance (1931-) resigns. On Sept. 24 (Sat.) The Love Boat debuts on ABC-TV for 249 episodes (until May 24, 1986), an escapist show based on the book The Love Boats by cruise dir. Jeraldine Saunders; it is quickly adopted by the viewers, lasting nine seasons and 249 episodes (until Feb. 27, 1987), and soon becoming part of a Sat. night 1-2 escapist punch with Fantasy Island (Jan. 14, 1977 until May 19, 1984) (152 episodes), starring cool debonaire suave-talking Mexican actor Ricardo Montalban (1920-2009) as Mr. Roarke, and Paris-born dwarf (he prefers to be called midget) Herve (Hervé) Jean-Pierre Villechaize (1943-93) as his sidekick Tattoo, who rings the bell in the main bell tower and shouts "Ze plane! Ze plane!" as new guests arrive; the Love Boat is named Pacific Princess, and is run by Capt. Merrill Stubing, played by Gavin MacLeod (Allan George See) (1931-2021) (who played Murray Slaughter in "The Mary Tyler Moore Show"), who has daughter Vicki, played by Jill Wheling (1966-); Bernard Morton "Bernie" Kopell (1933-) plays Dr. Adam "Doc" Bricker; Frederick Lawrence "Fred" Grandy (1948-) (a Phillips Exeter Academy roommate of David Eisenhower, who in 1987-95 becomes a 4-term Repub. congressman from Iowa) plays dimwitted Burl "Gopher" Smith ("Your Yeoman Purser"); black actor Theodore William "Ted" Lange (1948-) plays ever-smiling head bartender Isaac Washington, and Lauren Tewes (1954-) plays cruise dir. Julie McCoy; the 2,000th guest star is Lana Turner. On Sept. 26 Israel announces a ceasefire on the Lebanese border. On Sept. 26 Intercosmos 17 is launched by the Soviet Union to measure charged particles and micrometeories. On Sept. 29 the U.S. Food Stamp Act of 1977 is passed, revamping the 1964 law to provide beneits based on eligibility standards. On Sept. 29 the Soviet Union launches the Soyuz 6 orbiting space station. In Sept. in France an attempt to revise the Socialist-Communist Common Program leads to a rupture of the left. In Sept. Laker Airways (founded 1966 in Britain) becomes the first airline to offer long-haul low-cost "no frills" Skytrain service between London and New York City, bucking the Internat. Air Transport Assoc. ticket price policy and causing the airlines to work to put them out of biz on Feb. 5, 1982. On Oct. 5 Pres. Carter visits Charotte St. in slum-filled South Bronx, N.Y., and next Apr. a $500M urban renewal program is passed. On Oct. 11 former Pakistani pres. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is put on trial for conspiracy to murder Ahmed Raza Kasuri in 1974; next Mar. 18 the Punjab High Court condemns him to death on charges; he claims a frameup by the his opponent Gen. Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq, appealing, only to have the appeal court rigged too. On Oct. 11 Ahmed bin Hussein al-Ghashmi (1941-78) becomes pres. of the Yemen Arab Repub. (until June 24, 1978). On Oct. 11 white fibrous blobs up to 20 ft. in length descend over the San Francisco Bay area in Calif., and pilots in San Jose encounter them as high as 4K ft.; migrating spiders are blamed, but none are recovered? On Oct. 11-18 the New York Yankees (AL) defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) 4-2 in the Seventy-Fourth (74th) (1977) World Series; on Oct. 12 Game 2 takes place an hour before abandoned Public School No. 3 a few blocks from the ballpark catches fire, causing Howard Cosell to utter the soundbyte "There it is, ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is burning" as a heli camera crew shows the scene; the final game sees "Mr. October" Reginald Martinez "Reggie" Jackson (1946-) of the Yankees hit three homers off three different pitchers, each on the first pitch after walking on four pitches on his first trip to the plate and seeing a total of seven pitches in the game; the Yankees champagne-popping locker room celebration with egotist mgr. Billy Martin (his only WS title), equally egotist Reggie Jackson, owner George Steinbrenner, catcher Thurman Munson et al., culminates the Bronx Is Burning Summer in New York City, which has been in flames from the Son of Sam murders, the power blackout, and the New York mayoral contest between incumbent Abraham Beame, Ed Koch, Bella Abzug, and Mario Cuomo. On Oct. 12 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Community Reinvestment Act, forbidding "redlining" by banks to discriminate against low-income applications for home mortgage loans, and encouraging investment in local communities. On Oct. 13 Lufthansa Landshut Flight 181 (Boeing 737) is hijacked en route from Palma de Mallorca to Frankfurt with 86 passengers and five crew by four members of Commando Martyr Halime (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), who demand the release of 10 Red Army Faction terrorists, two Palestinian terrorists, plus $15M ransom; after landing in Rome, Cyprus, Bahrain, Dubai, Oman, Yemen, et al., it lands in Mogadishu, Somalia on Oct. 17 after flying a total of 6K mi.; too bad, on Oct. 16 Capt. Jurgen (Jürgen) Schumann (b. 1940) is murdered by leader Akache in Aden, Yemen after being allowed to exit to check the landing gear and engines and taking too long to return; on Oct. 18 (23:00 UTC) (2:00 a.m. local time) after authorities stall them by claiming that the RAF prisoners are about to be released, 30 West German GSG-9 commandos plus two British Special Forces (SAS) commandos stage Operation Magic Fire (Zauberfeuer) (AKA Feuerzauber or Fire Magic), storming the plane in six teams from the rear after the Somalis turn on the airport lights and light an oil tanker in front of the plane as a diversion to cause them to all go to the cockpit, climbing into escape hatches using black aluminum ladders (throwing in flash grenades?), then shooting it for 5 min., and freeing all 86 passengers after killing three of the four hijackers (leader Zohair Youssif Akache AKA Capt. Martyr Mahmud, Wabil Harb, Hind Alameh, the latter two Lebanese) and wounding the 4th (Suhaila Sayeh or Souhaila Andrawes, a Palestinian woman, who receives a light sentence and ends up in Norway), effectively ending the German Autumn; one GSG-9 commando, a flight attendant, and three passengers are wounded; on Oct. 18 all 86 passengers are flown to Frankfurt, where they receive a hero's welcome; the German govt. announces that it will never again negotiate with terrorists; the news causes the RAF prisoners to plan their suicides, and other RAF members to execute hostage Hans-Martin Schleyer on Oct. 18. On Oct. 17 the Hillside Strangler (s), really Rochester, N.Y.-born Angelo Anthony Buono Jr. (1934-2002) (the brains of the outfit) and his cousin Kenneth Alessio Bianchi (1951-) murder their first victim in the Los Angeles, Calif. area, followed by nine more by Feb. 16, 1978; their modus operandi is to pose as police officers, pick them up in an unmarked car, then abuse and strangle them; on Jan. 12, 1979 after revealing to Buono that he applied to become an LAPD officer and had ridden with them searching for the Hillside Strangler, causing a death threat that makes him flee, Bianchi is arrested in Bellingham, Wash. near Seattle one day after luring two female univ. students into his house and murdering them and leaving dumb clues, leading to Buono's arrest; both end up getting life sentences in Wash. after playing legal games that backfire. On Oct. 18 Elizabeth II opens the 3rd session of the 30th Canadian Parliament as the queen of Canada. On Oct. 19 the supersonic Concorde makes its first landing in New York City; on Nov. 22 regular passenger service between New York and Europe begins on a trial basis. On Oct. 20 (Thur.) the Southern rock group Lynyrd Skynyrd go down in a crash of a chartered convair 240 near Gillsburg, Miss., killing members Ronnie Van Zant (b. 1948) and Steven Earl Gaines (b. 1949) along with Cassie LaRue Gaines (b. 1948) of the Honkettes, asst. road mgr. Dean Kilpatrick, pilot Walter McCreary, and co-pilot William Gray; the rest of the band members are seriously injured; Ronnie's younger brother Johnny Van Zant (1959-) takes over as the new lead singer. On Oct. 21 the European Patent Inst. is founded for patent attys. On Oct. 21 angry police attack the HQ of the Internat. Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) (founded Feb. 15, 1974) in Hong Kong, causing them to be given partial amnesty for minor corruptions committed earlier; next year a mass purge of 119 corrupt police is anounced. In Oct. the Soviet Union announces an end to military aid for Somalia in preference to its new ally Ethiopia. In Oct. the admin. of French pres. Giscard d'Estaing is rocked by a scandal after a finance minister is revealed to have received $250K in diamonds from Jean-Bedel Bokassa of the CAR in 1973. In Oct. after Communist students in jungle bases threaten the regime, the Thailand military stages another coup, appointing gen. Kriangsak Chomanand (1917-2003) as PM of Thailand on Nov. 12 (until Feb. 29, 1980); meanwhile refugees from Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam pour into Thailand starting next year. In Oct. Karen Batchelor Farmer (1951-) becomes the first Africa-Am. member of the Daughters of the Am. Rev. (DAR) (founded 1890) (member #623,128); 5K blacks fought in the Am. Rev. In Oct. the USDA calls for nitrite use by meat processors to color bacon to be reduced after studies indicate that crisp bacon contains carcinogenic nitrosamines. On Nov. 2 a rainstorm in Athens, Greece kills 38, becoming the worst in modern history (until ?). On Nov. 3 French pres. Giscard d'Estaing makes Quebec PM Rene Levesque a grand officer of the Legion of Honor and supports Quebec's right to self-determination, pissing-off the Canadian govt. On Nov. 4 former CIA dir. (1966-73) Richard McGarrah Helms (1913-2002) is sentenced for lying to Congress that the CIA didn't help overthrow Communist Salvador Allende in 1973; he receives a 2-year suspended sentence plus a $2K fine, paid for by friends. On Nov. 4 a 1976 sex-discrimination class action lawsuit against Reader's Digest is a V for the eight plaintiffs, and the mag. is ordered to pay $1.375M in back pay and salary increases to 5,635 female employees ($244 each). On Nov. 4 the U.N. Security Council votes unanimously to adopt Resolution 418, imposing a mandatory arms embargo on South Africa; on Nov. 28, 1986 it unanimously adopts Resolution 591, strengthening the embargo; on May 25, 1994 it unanimously adopts Resolution 919, recalling all resolutions on South Africa. On Nov. 6 the earthen Kelly Barnes Dam bursts, sending a wall of water through Toccoa Falls Bible College in Ga., killing 39. On Nov. 8 Harvey Bernard Milk (1930-78) is elected city supervisor in San Francisco, Calif., becoming the first openly gay man elected to public office in Calif. history, known for the soundbyte "Hello, I'm Harvey Milk, and I'm here to recruit you" - bend over backwards jokes here? On Nov. 9 Bolivian dictator Gen. Hugo Banzer moves planned dem. elections up from 1980 to next year. On Nov. 12 NAACP atty. Ernest Nathan "Dutch" Morial (1929-89) is elected, and inaugurated next May 1 as the first black mayor (#57) of New Orleans, La. (until May 5, 1986); his son Marc Morial (1958-) goes on to become mayor #59 in 1994-2002. On Nov. 13 the comic strip Li'l Abner by Al Capp (begun Aug. 13, 1934) appears in newspapers for the last time. On Nov. 15-16 the Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi visits Pres. Carter in the White House in Washington, D.C. amid protests that are quashed by police; on Dec. 31 Pres. Carter visits Tehran, and gives a New Year's toast to the Shah, uttering the immortal soundbyte: "Iran, under the great leadership of the shah, is an island of stability"; after that proves false, the two countries hold no more "substantive" meetings until May 2007. On Nov. 18-21 after state conventions in Feb.-July that are attended by 130K, the Nat. Women's Conference in Houston, Tex. is attended by 2K delegates and 20K observers of all genders and political affiliations, becoming the first federally-sponsored ($5M) conference on women's issues, and first nat. women's rights convention since Seneca Falls, N.Y. in 1848; attendees incl. Nancy Reagan. On Nov. 19 yet another cyclone and flood from the Bay of Bengal kills 7K-10K in the Andhra Pradesh State of Inundated India. On Nov. 29 (9:48 p.m.) TAP Portugal Flight 425 (Boeing 727) en route from Brussels crashes at Madeira Airport in Funchal, Portugal in heavy rain on the short runway 24, killing 125 passengers and six crew of 156 passengers and eight crew, becoming the deadliest airplane accident in Portugal (until ?). On Nov. 19-21 Anwar Sadat upsets many Muslims by visiting Israel, meeting with Israeli PM Menachen Begin, and addressing the Israeli Knesset on Nov. 20; five Arab nations end diplomatic relations with Egypt. On Nov. 20 the 1977 Greek elections are a V for "Topkapi", "Never on Sunday" actress Melina Mercouri (1920-94), who obtains the highest number of all candidates; after denouncing the right-wing military takeover in 1967, she went into exile in Paris until it collapsed in 1974; in 1982-9 she becomes Greek minister of culture (first female). On Nov. 22 British Airways bgins regular Concorde service between London and New York. On Nov. 29 "La Stampa" deputy ed. Carlo Casalegno (b. 1916) is murdered in Turin, Italy by the Red Brigade. On Nov. 29 the U.N. sponsors its first annual Internat. Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People to mark the Nov. 29, 1947 date when the gen. assembly approved its partition resolution (ends ?); Kofi Annan later calls Nov. 29 a "day of mourning and a day of grief". In late Nov. about 500 dead and dying blackbirds and pigeons land on the streets of downtown San Luis Obispo, Calif. over a period of several hours; no explanation is offered - the swallows over Capistrano were protecting their turf? On Dec. 1 Pinwheel Network, the precursor to Nickelodeon Channel (Apr. 1, 1979) for children's cartoons debuts on cable. On Dec. 3 the U.S. State Dept. proposes that 10K Vietnamese boat people be admitted, adding to the 165K already admitted since 1975. On Dec. 3 BBC-TV debuts its Shakespeare Series, starting with "Romeo and Juliet". On Dec. 6 platinum-rich Bophuthatswana becomes the 2nd "homeland" (after Transkei) to be established by South Africa for natives. On Dec. 7 the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is passed, making it a crime for a U.S. citizen to pay bribes to win contracts abroad - just in time for a juicy J.R. Ewing episode? On Dec. 10 on U.N. Human Rights Day the Soviet Union places 20 prominent dissidents under house arrest, cutting off telephones and threatening to break up a planned silent demonstration in Moscow's Pushkin Square. In mid-Dec. U.S. newspapers carry the headline "Small Town Seeks Russ Foreign Aid", explaining that the small town of Vulcan, W. Va. got so frustrated at being denied funding from the state legislature for a bridge that they appealed to the Soviet Union, causing state officials to quickly vote $1.3M for the bridge. On Dec. 20 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 806.22. On Dec. 22 a 250-ft.-high grain elevator at the Continental Grain Co. in Westwego, La. explodes, killing 36. On Dec. 23 after nearly drowning at Malibu Beach the year before and reading the Quran, English singer Cat Stevens (real name Steven Demetre Georgiou) (1947-) converts to Islam and changes his name to Yusuf Islam, after Sura 12; he marries Fouzia Ali in 1979, then formally renounces his singing career in 1981. On Dec. 25 great English silent film "the Little Tramp" comedian Sir Charles "Charlie" Chaplin (b. 1889) dies in Switzerland at age 88 after being hounded out of the U.S. by FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover in 1952, although he briefly returned in Apr. 1972 to receive an honorary Oscar. On Dec. 31 Cambodia breaks diplomatic relations with Vietnam. On Dec. 31 Kuwaiti sheikh #12 (since 1965) Sabah III al-Salim al-Sabah (b. 1913) dies, and his nephew (crown prince and PM since 1965) Sheikh Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah (1926-2006) becomes Kuwaiti sheikh #13 and emir #3 (until Jan. 15, 2006); in 1976 he set up the Fund for Future Generations, which banks 10% of oil revenues to insure financial safety for Kuwait when the oil runs out; he is quoted as saying "I just want a small tent in my country, I don't want palaces or luxury". On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 831.17 (vs. 1004.65 at the end of 1976). In Dec. the 26-nation Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific (founded 1951) signs a new constitution. Dennis John Kucinich (1946-) becomes mayor #53 of Cleveland, Ohio (until 1979), the youngest mayor of a major city in the U.S, earning him the nickname "boy mayor"; he goes on to fight the Mafia and elude a hitman. The Soviet nuclear-powered icebreaker Arktika becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole. South Africa prepares to detonate a nuclear device in the Kalahari Desert, but the plans are detected by a spy satellite and canceled under internat. pressure led by U.S. Pres. Carter. Samuel Winfield Lewis (1930-2014) becomes U.S. ambassador to Israel (until 1985), the longest-serving until ? The Canadian Human Rights Act is passed, requiring that men and women be paid the same amount for doing the same work. Henck A.E. Arron retains power in the first post-independence elections in Suriname. Libyan toops raid the Libyan border, causing Egypt to respond with airstrikes and invasion of Libyan soil, causing Egyptian pres. Anwar al-Sadat to expand Sidi Barrani military base in NW Egypt. Libya seizes a strip of Chad - was it hanging? Pakistan enacts Prohibition (until ?). An asst. secy. of the interior for Indian affairs replaces the commissioner in the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Robert Kupperman of the U.S. Cabinet Committee to Combat Terrorism pub. a report of the committee's 5-year work to develop plans to protect the U.S. from terrorist attacks, incl. dirty bombs and airline missile attacks. English is banned in Quebec. Canada stops granting licenses to carry handguns for protection of property, and requires licenses for rifles and shotguns. Bronx, N.Y.-born Louis Farrakhan (Louis Eugene Walcott) (1933-), head of the Nation of Islam's Harlem Mosque since 1965 quits and forms his own movement, going on to found the newspaper Muhammad Speaks in 1979, and becoming known for soundbytes against the Jews and in praise of Adolf Hitler. NOW co-founder Anna Pauline "Pauli" Murray (1910-85) becomes the first black female Episcopal priest. Tanzanian black activist Bishop Josiah Mutabuzi Isaya Kibira (1925-88) is elected head of the Lutheran World Federation. John Nepomucene Neumann (1811-60) is canonized, becoming the first Am. male saint. The Orthodox Church in Am. selects its first U.S.-born prelate, Metropolitan Theodosius (1933-), who becomes its spiritual leader until 2002. The Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC) is founded in Los Angeles, Calif. as "an international Jewish human rights organization dedicated to repairing the world one step at a time." The U.S. Navy disband the WAVES and integrates its women. Portugal allows children's surnames to come from the mother as well as the traditional father. The Soviet Union restores the lyrics of its nat. after 24 years (1953), with Joseph Stalin's name omitted. Virginia Joan Bennett Kennedy (1936-), wife of U.S. Sen. Ted Kennedy joins Alcoholics Anonymous. The Mormon Sex in Chains Case in England sees Mormon missionary Kirk Anderson claim to have been abducted and raped by former Miss Wyo. Joyce Bernann McKinney, who is arrested but flees to the U.S., tried in absentia, and given 1 year in jail for indecent assault on a man; in 2008 a Bernann McKinny tries to have her pet dog cloned in Korea, and denies being the same person. The rock band Kiss is named by a Gallup Poll as the most popular band in the U.S. Terry Martin Hekker (1932-) gains fame speaking out against women's liberation and for the traditional married wife role; in 2005 her hubby dumps her for a younger woman, causing her to change her tune and bemoan her failure to pursue higher education while writing "Disregard First Book". After being paroled for various felonies in Ohio, William Stanley "Billy" Milligan (1955-) is rearrested for more felonies, incl. kidnapping and rape, and after pshrink Willis C. Driscoll diagnoses him as suffering from multiple personality disorders, he becomes the first person to use it as a criminal defense, and is committed to mental hospitals until 1988, after which he becomes a filmmaker; meanwhile in 1991 Driscoll abandons his children and moves in with his 96-y.-o. mother in N.C., after which his sister calls the police, and they find her skeletal remains in her locked bedroom, surrounded by trash and rodent droppings. Air Force One allegedly spies Noah's Ark as it flies over Mt. Ararat in Turkey - Jimmy, a rock is not a romantic gift? Via Rail is created to take over the failing Canadian Pacific and Canadian Nat. Railroads. Cherie Clark of the U.S. founds Internat. Mission of Hope after meeting with Mother Teresa in Calcutta in Sept. 1975 to rescue babies and children in India and Vietnam. The U.S. govt. begins banning the use of lead shot for hunting migratory birds, with a phase-in date of 1980. Starting this year agents of the govt. of North Korea begin abducting Japanese citizens (until 1983), later admitting to 13, although up to 70-80 may have been kidnapped; either way, Japan develops a hardline policy against the North Korean govt. in reaction. The Coal Employment Project is founded to help women get jobs in the coal mines of Appalachia. Citibank establishes Citicard Banking Centers, with 24-hour ATMs that are the first that can be used for more than emergency cash. The Karnei Shomron (Heb. "Horns of Samaria") local council in NW West Bank, Israel 30 mi. NE of Tel Aviv and 53 mi. N of Jerusalem is founded, uniting with other Israeli settlements in 1991. The real danger of giving women power starts with p? Homewood, Ill. teenie Cathleen Webb (nee Crowell) (1961-2008) accuses Gary E. Dotson (1957-) of rape, and in May 1979 he is convicted and sentenced to 25-50 years for rape and 25-50 for kidnapping; on May 12, 1985 after becoming a born-again Christian she retracts her story, admitting she based it on the 1974 bestselling romance novel "Sweet Savage Love", causing women's libbers to freak, and he is not released until DNA evidence proves his innocence in 1988, becoming the 2nd and first celebrated DNA exoneration case; in 1985 Webb pub. the book "Forgive Me". Former Cub Scout oil man George W. Bush (1946-) and former Girl Scout librarian Laura Welch (1946-) get married only 3 mo. after meeting. Arnold Schwarzenegger is introduced to Maria Shriver by Tom Brokaw. The Hollywood sign is changed to "Hollyweed" by pro-marijuana ninjas. Colo. becomes the first U.S. state to allow taxpayers to make charitable contributions when they file their state income taxes. Manhattan, Kan. (near Topeka) bills itself as "the Little Apple". After many fairy experiences in her youth, Dutch-born Am. psychic Dora van Gelder Kunz (1904-99) becomes pres. of the Theosophical Society of Am. (until 1987); in 1979 she claims to see fairies in Central Park in New York City, blaming pollution on their scarcity. Am. physicist John P. Jackson feeds a photo of the Shroud of Turin into a NASA image analyzer and finds that the image is in 3-D, causing Millennium Fever to kick up a notch with the True Believers?; later researchers claim that the AB blood stains on the Sudarium of Oviedo match those on Jesus' face on the Shroud, that pollen grains match, and that the body was levitating when it left the image; in 2009 Vatican researcher Barbara Frale claims to find the words "Jesus of Nazareth" in Greek on it, claiming that if it were a forgery it would have added the words the Christ or Son of God. The Ford F-series pickup becomes the best-selling vehicle in the U.S. The German Volkswagen (VW) Beetle hardtop is produced for the last time for the U.S. market; the convertible model lasts another two years. British Labour MP Tam Dalyell proposes the West Lothian Question of why Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish MPs can vote on England-only matters, but not vice-versa. "Edward R. Murrow Boy" Eric Sevareid (1912-92) (on CBS since 1939) signs off of CBS Evening News, followed next year by Murrow Boy Howard K. (Kingsbury) Smith (1914-2002) for ABC News, becoming their last regular evening commentator, and the job becomes a vanishing breed, with John Chancellor (1927-96) (on NBC since 1970) until 1982, and Bill Moyers (1934-) (on CBS since 1976) until 1986, becoming the last regular commentator for CBS Evening News. After conducting LSD research until it is outlawed, then switching to Holotropic Breathwork and co-founding Transpersonal Psychology, which promotes connectedness to a larger sense of being, recognition of the sacred, and a sense of quest, then being invited to the Esalen Inst. in 1973, Prague, Czech-born psychologist Stanislav Grof (1931-) founds the Internat. Transpersonal Assoc., devoted to mapping a person's emotional experiences onto his fetal and neonatal experiences to create a deep human psyche cartography, distinguishing between hylotropic (everyday) and holotropic (holisic) states of consciousness. Shakti Gawain (1948-) and Marc Allen found New World Library (originally Whatever Publishing). The Am. Society for Environmental History (ASEH) is founded at the U. of Wash. in Tacoma, Wash., going on to pub. the journal Environmental History. Closet gay Episcopal bishop of New York (1972-89) Paul Moore Jr. (1919-2003) ordains open militant lesbian priest Ellen Marie Barrett (1946-), who tells Time mag. that her lesbian love affair gives her the strength to serve God, causing a firestorm of controversy; Moore transforms the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City into a New Age stronghold? The syndicated Sha Na Na TV show debuts on ? (until 1981), reviving 1950s hits incl. Blue Moon, and always closing with "Goodnight Sweetheart", with members incl. Jon "Bowzer" Bauman (1947-) (bass) (replacement for Alan Cooper) (known for flexing his skinny arms), Elliot "Gino" Cahn (guitar) (later becomes mgr. of Green Day), Bruce "Bruno" Clarke (who later becomes an English prof.), Alan Cooper (bass), Dave Garrett, Frederick "Denny" Greene (who quits to attend Yale Law School), Henry Gross (1951-) (guitar), Rich Joffe, Rob Leonard, John "Jocko" Marcellino" (drums), "Dirty Dan" McBride, Scott "Capt. Courageous" Powell (AKA Tony Santini) (who becomes a surgeon), "Screamin' Scott" Simon (piano) (replaces Joe Witkin, who goes to medical school), Dave "Chico" Ryan (1948-98), Joe Witkin (piano), Donald "Donny" York; they were formed in 1969 at Columbia U., and were originally called the Kingsmen; their name comes from the 50s hit "Get a Job" by the Silhouettes. British gay actor Sir Ian Murray McKellen (1939-) begins touring Europe and the U.S. with his 1-man show Acting Shakespeare (until 1987). Edward Harrison Crane III (1944-), a leader in the U.S. Libertarian Party (quits in 1983) founds major corp.-backed conservative-libertarian think tank Cato Inst. (originally the Charles Koch Foundation) along with rich Koch Industries head Charles Koch and Austrian libertarian economist Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95, which goes on to oppose environmental groups and back climate change/global warming denial, work to eliminate the U.S. depts. of agriculture, commerce, educate, energy, interior and labor, and propose privatizing Social Security, with Crane uttering the soundbyte "I think Franklin Roosevelt was a lousy president. What he did, which is to impose this great nanny state on America, was a great mistake"; after the Cocks, er, Kochs start a war to replace its stockholders with a 12-member board subservient to themselves, Crane retires as pres. on Oct. 1, 2012 after building it to a staff of 127 and a $21M/year budget. Hollywood minor actress Michelle Triola Marvin (1932-2009) sues Hollywood major actor Lee Marvin (1924-87) for "palimony" (a term claimed by her atty. marvin Mitchelson), claiming that she gave up her singing career to shack up with him in 1965-70, and asking for half his $3.6M earnings during that period despite no marriage certificate; on Apr. 18, 1979 Lee is ordered to pay her $104K, and in Aug. 1981 the Calif. appeals court overturns it, leaving her with nada. Beggars Banquet Records, founded in England in 1973 by Martin Mills and Nick Austin as a chain of record stores goes into the punk rock record biz, signing acts incl. The Lurkers, Tubeway Army, Gary Numan (1958-), Bauhaus, Biffy Clyro, Buffalo Tom, The Charlatans UK, The Cult, The Go-Betweens, The National, and Tindersticks. Jive Records is founded in New York City by South African-born Clive Calder (1946-), and Ralph Simon (who later helped found the modern mobile entertainment industry, becoming known as "Father of the Ring Tone"), signing A Flock of Seagulls, Billy Ocean (Leslie Sebastian Charles) (1950-), Samantha Karen "Sam" Fox (1966-), whose debut single Touch Me (I Want Your Body) (#4 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.) goes #1 in five countries, and Tight Fit, which mamakes yet another cover of The Lion Sleeps Tonight in 1982 (#1 in the U.K.), then hiring Barry Weiss (1959-) and going on in the late 1980s to sign hip hop artists DJ Jazzy Jeff and The Fresh Prince, R. (Robert Sylvester) Kelly (1967-), and Aaliyah (Aaliyah Dana Haughton) (1979-2001), followed in the 1990s by pop acts Backstreet Boys, 'N Sync (*NSYNC), and Britney Jean Spears (1981-). "Rocky Mountain High" singer John Denver is named poet laureate of Colo. The Miss. Review pub. the article "Freedom and Form: American Poets Respond", commenting on the New Formalism (Neoformalism) movement in Am. poetry that is attempting to return to traditional poetic forms; in May 1985 the article "The Yuppie Poet" is pub. in the AWP (Assoc. of Writers and Writing Programs) Newsletter, coining the term "New Formalism"; in 1987 Dana Gioia pub. "Notes on the New Formalism", containing the soundbyte: "The real issues presented by American poetry in the Eighties will become clearer: the debasement of poetic language; the prolixity of the lyric; the bankruptcy of the confessional mode; the inability to establish a meaningful aesthetic for new poetic narrative and the denial of a musical texture in the contemporary poem. The revival of traditional forms will be seen then as only one response to this troubling situation"; poets incl. Charles Martin, Robert B. Shaw, and Timothy Steele; in 1980 Mark Jarman and Robert McDowell found The Reaper mag. to promote the New Formalism (until 1990); in 1981 Jane Greer founds Plains Poetry Journal to pub. new work in this genre; in 1984 McDowell founds Story Line Press to pub. New Formalist poets; in 1990 William Baer founds the biannual mag. The Formalist (ends 2004), which pub. poems by Fred Chappelll, Mona Van Duyn, John Hollander, Donald Justice, Maxine Kumin, James Merrill, M.S. Merwin, Howard Nemerov, Karl Shapiro, Louis Simpson, W.D. Snodgrass, May Swenson, John Updike, Derek Walcott, Richard Wilbur et al.; meanwhile in the late 1970 the gay-friendly New Narrative movement is launched in San Francisco, Calif. by poets Robert Gluck and Bruce Boone, attempting to representive subjective experience honestly without pretense, using fragmentation, identity politics, meta-text, and explicit descriptions of sex and physicality; poets incl. Kathy Acker, Michael Amnasen, Dodie Bellamy, Dennis Cooper, Sam D'Allesandro, Gary Indiana, Kevin Killian, and Cookie Mueller. Advance Australia Fair becomes the Australian anthem; meanwhile the Soviet Nat. Anthem adopts new lyrics to get around the glorification of Joseph Stalin, which kept it from being sung for over 20 years since he kicked off in 1953. The Fusion Energy Foundation of Lyndon LaRouche begins pub. Fusion mag. in July, pushing nuclear power and hi tech generally as the solution to world problems, and going on to promote its own unique conspiracy theory of history; in 1982 it announces that the Nuclear Winter theory is a hoax. The Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum is founded in Columbus, Ohio, becoming the world's largest academic research facility devoted to comic strips and cartoons. "Rocky Mountain High" singer John Denver is named poet laureate of Colo. John R. Audette founds the Internat. Assoc. for Near-Death Studies (IANDS) in Charlottesville, Va. in Nov. Ex-Nazi businessman Reinhard Mohn (1921-2009) founds the Bertelsmann Foundation to promote sociopolitical reform, becoming the largest private non-profit foundation in Germany. The U.S. Dept. of Transportation mandates air bags on all new U.S. cars starting with this model year; it originally called for 1974, then delayed it, and in the meantime GM offered them on a few models but they didn't sell well. The Society for Historians of the Early American Republic (SHEAR) is founded in Philadelphia, Penn., with the U. of Penn. Press going on to pub. the quarterly Journal of the Early Republic, which covers 1776-1861. Two gay men in New York City are diagnosed with Kaposi's Sarcoma, becoming the first known AIDS victims; it takes until 1981 to officially recognize the disease. Japanese fashion designer Hanae Mori (1926-) opens a haute couture design house in Paris, becoming an icon of the liberated woman and growing to $500M sales by the 1990s. The Nashville, Tenn.-based Ghost Riders in the Sky Western music comedy band incl. Ranger Doug (Douglas B. Green) (vocals, guitar), Woody Paul (Paul Christman) (vocals, violin), and Too Slim (Fred LaBour) (vocals, bass) begins performing, going on to entertain mainly children. Roswell, N.M.-born gorgeous blonde babe Judy Zebra Knight (Judith Darlene Hampton) (1946-) begins channeling Ramtha, a Lemurian warrior who led a 2.5M-man army against Atlantis 35K years ago, going on to found Ramtha's School of Enlightenment in 1987 in Yelm, Wash., which gains 6K students incl. celebs Shirley MacLaine and Linda Evans. Sports: On Feb. 20 the 1977 (19th) Daytona 500 is won by Cale Yarborough (2nd win). On Apr. 7 the Toronto Blue Jays ML baseball team makes its debut against the Chicago White Sox; on Apr. 7 the Seattle Mariners makes its debut against the Calif. Angels; the Mariners are owned by Hollywood star Danny Kaye (until 1981) and Lester Smith; their mascot is the Mariner Moose; they don't have a winning team until 1991, and win their first AL title in 1995 against the New York Yankees, and win their first World Series in ?. On Apr. 15 baseball home-run record-holder Hank Aaron's #44 is retired by the Atlanta Braves and Milwaukee Brewers on the anniv. of the day when he got his first ML hit in 1954 off Cardinals pitcher Vic Raschi; his wife Billye Aaron attends the ceremony. On May 7-14 the 1977 Stanley Cup Finals see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Boston Ruins, er, Bruins 4-0, becoming a 2-peat; MVP is 6'0" Montreal right wing Guy Damien "The Flower" "Le Demon Blond" Lafleur (1951-). On May 22 Janet Guthrie (1938-) becomes the first woman to earn a starting spot in the Indianapolis 500 since its inception is founded; on race day May 29 she completes only 27 laps due to equipment malfunction, and comes in 29th; on May 29 the 1977 Indianapolis 500 is won by Anthony Joseph "A.J." Foyt Jr. (1935-), becoming his 4th and final V (1961, 1964, 1967). On May 22-June 5 after the ABA-NBA merger allows Philadelphia to sign Julius "Dr. J." Erving, and Portland to sign power forward Maurice Lucas, the Portland Trail Blazers (coach Jack Ramsay) defeat the Philadelphia 76ers (coach Gene Shue) by 109-107 to win the 1977 NBA Finals by 4-2; Bill Walton is named series MVP; five of 10 starting players are former ABA players, incl. Julius Erving, Caldwell Jones, George McGinnis, Dave Twardzik, and Maurice Lucas; Game 2 sees Maurice Lucas shows why he's called the Enforcer as the 76ers score 14 points in less than 3 min. en route to a 107-89, and in the last 5 min. 76er Darryl Dawkins and Blazer Bob Gross go up for a rebound and wrestle each other to the floor, getting into a fight that clears both benches incl. the coaches, after which Maurice Lucas slaps Dawkins from behind and challenges him, causing both to be ejected; Doug Collins needs four stitches after he catches a punch from Dawkins that missed its target; Dawkins and Lucas are each fined $2.5K; the brawl unifies the Blazers, helping them turn the series around. On June 8 former U.S. Pres. Gerald Ford shoots a hole-in-one on the 177-yard 5th hole of the Colonial Country Club course at the Danny Thomas Memphis Classic for the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis. On June 11 Seattle Slew (1974-2002) (jockey Jean Cruguet) wins the Belmont Stakes, becoming the 10th horse to capture the Triple Crown (last 1973, next 1978), and the first unbeaten TC winner (6 straight wins) (until ?). On June 15 the Midnight Massacre sees the Mets trade super-pitcher (3 Cy Young Awards) Tom "Terrific" Seaver to Cincinnati. On July 1 Sarah Virginia "Ginny" Wade (1945-) of the U.S. wins her only Wimbledon women's singles title in its centenary year, becoming the last Wimbledon singles title by a Brit until ?; Bjorn Borg of Sweden wins his 2nd straight Wimbledon men's singles title; Australia wins the Davis Cup of tennis. On July 16 Janelle Penny Commissiong (1953-) of Trinidad-Tobago becomes the first black woman to win the Miss Universe title. On Aug. 29 St. Louis Cardinals outfielder (#20) Louis Clark "Lou" Brock (1939-) breaks Ty Cobb's base-stealing record with 893, going on to retire in 1979 with 938. On Aug. 29-Sept. 11 the 1977 U.S. Open of Tennis is the 3rd and last year played on clay courts, and the last played at West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows; on ? Guillermo Apolinario Vilas (1952-) of Argentinfa defeats Jimmy Connors to win the U.S. Open (his only win); Chris Evert of the U.S. wins her 3rd straight U.S. Open. On Sept. 3 Japanese first baseman Sadaharu Oh (Wang Chengchih) (Wang Zhenzhi) (1940-) of the Yomiuri Giants hits his 756th homer against the Yakult Swallows in Tokyo's Korakuen Stadium, besting Henry Aaron's ML record - sadahar it? On Sept. 13-18 the 12m U.S. sloop Courageous, captained by Ted Turner sweeps Australian sloop Australia 4-0 to retain the 24th America's Cup, which has been all-U.S.A. since 1851. On Oct. 2 the High Five is first seen being used by Dusty Baker and Glenn Burke of the Los Angeles Dodgers after Dusty Baker hits his 30th homer for the Dodgers and rookie teammate Glenn Burke slaps his hand in the air; Burke is the first openly gay player in the MLB. On Dec. 7 49-y.-o. Gordon "Gordie" Howe (1928-2016) of the New England Whalers becomes the first player in the NHL to score 1K career hockey goals in 1:36 of period 1 against goalie John Garrett of the Birmingham Bulls. On Dec. 13 a chartered DC-3 en route to Nashville, Tenn. crashes in rain and fog after takeoff from Evansville, Ind., killing 29, incl. 14 U. of Evansville basketball players (Purple Aces) and head coach Robert "Bobby" Watsonson; retired NBA star Jerry Sloan worked as asst. coach for five days earlier in the season. On Dec. 24 the Ghost to the Post Play in the NFL playoffs sees the Oakland Raiders defeat the Baltimore Colts 37-31 in double OT after Ken Stabler completes a 42-yard pass to TE Dave "the Ghost" Casper that sets up a game-tying field goal in the final seconds from the 15-yard line, after which Casper catches a 10-yard TD pass, becoming the last playoff appearance for the Baltimore Colts; on Jan. 1 the Raiders are defeated 20-17 by the Denver Broncos at the AFC championship game in Denver, Colo. Denver Broncos electrifying WR (#80) Ricky "Rick" Upchurch (10952-) sets an NFL record with four punts returned for TDs; in 1977 he leads the NFL with 653 punt return yards, helping his team gain their first Super Bowl appearance. Cynthia Maria "Cindy" Nicholas (1957-) of Canada becomes the first woman to swim round-trip nonstop across the English Channel. The first annual John R. Wooden Award, named after John Wooden of Purdue U., the 1932 nat. collegiate basketball player of the year for the outsidanging men's college basketball player is presented to Marques Johnson, followed by Phil Ford (1978), Larry Bird (1979), Darrell Griffith (1980), Danny Ainge (1981), Ralph Sampson (1982-3), Michael Jordan (1984), Chris Mullin (1985), Walter Berry (1986), David Robinson (1987), and Danny Manning (1988); in 2004 women are included; in 1999 the first Legends of Coaching Award is presented. U.S. tennis player and ophthalmologist Dr. Renee Richards (1934-) (born Richard Raskind) (who had a sex change operation in 1975, moved to Calif., and won a women's tournament in La Jolla, only to be exposed by a reporter) wins her case in the New York Supreme Court, which declares that "this person is now female". Denver, Colo. billionaire Marvin Davis (1925-2004) attempts to buy the Oakland A's baseball team for $12.5M, but withdraws when the league refuses to let the team relocate to Denver. The Denver Racquets become the first champions of the World Tennis League. Paul B. MacCready Jr. (1925-2007) designs and builds the 55-lb. human-powered airplane called the Gossamer Condor, piloted by Calif.-born Bryan L. Allen (1952-), winning the Ł50K 1959 Kremer Prize for the first sustained controlled flight by a heavier-than-air craft powered solely by the pilot's muscles; in 1979 he builds the 70 lb. Gossamer Albatross. Maccabi Tel Aviv defeats CSKA Moscow by 91-79 in the Europen Cup semi-final in Virton, Belgium, becoming a symbolic V for Israel against the Soviet Union, and making a hero of Am.-Israeli player Talbot "Tal" Brody (1943-), who utters the soundbyte: "We are on the map, and we are staying on the map, not only in sports, but in everything"; they go on to win their first European Cup after defeating Mobilgirgi Varese in Belgrade by 78-77. The first annual R. Williams Jones Cup Team of USA Basketball (FIBA), named after FIBA founding secy.-gen. Renato William Jones is held in Taipei, Taiwan, with players selected from univ. and h.s. all-stars; the men's version ends up being dominated by U.S. teams, and the women's version by teams from South Korea, Taiwan, and the U.S. Architecture: On Jan. 10 226 acre Ocean Park in Hong Kong opens as an amusement park, marine mammal park, animal theme park, and ocenarium. On Jan. 31 the Centre National d'Art et de Culture Georges-Pompidou (Georges Pompidou Nat. Center for Art and Culture) in Beaubourg, Paris opens, constructed of concrete slabs enclosed in glass and supported by a network of pipes, designed by English architect Richard George Rogers (1933-) and Italian architect Renzo Piano (1937-), becoming the #1 tourist attraction in Paris (5.2M visitors in 2013), housing the Bibliotheque Publique d'Information (Public Info. Library), Musee National d'Art Moderne (largest modern art museum in Europe), and the IRCAM center for music and acoustic research. On May 11 the old landmark Commodore Hotel at 109 E. 42nd St. in New York City (opened Jan. 28, 1919) announces that it lost $1.5M in 1976 and might have to be closed, causing the Trump Org. to purchase it, rebuilding and reopening it in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt New York, making Donald Trump into a celeb.; the first big deal for his personal secy. Norma Foerderer, who claims he will shake hands. On Oct. 12 the 59-story 915-ft. 1.3M sq. ft. Citigroup Center at 601 Lexington Ave. in Midtown Manhattan, N.Y. opens as the HQ of Citibank; in July 1978 a structural flaw is discovered that causes concerns over its stability in high winds, causing it to be reinforced. The 1,699-ft. New River Gorge Bridge in Fayetteville, W. Va. is completed, becoming the world's longest steel arch bridge (until 2003), and world's highest vehicular bridge (until 2004). The Dallas City Hall in Tex. (begun 1966), designed by I.M. Pei opens. Steven Alan "Steve" Wynn (1942-), who bought the Golden Nugget Casino on Fremont St. in Las Vegas, Nev. (built 1946) in 1973 opens its first hotel tower, earning its first 4-diamond Mobel Travel Guide rating, which it requalifies for every year until ?; a 2nd tower opens in 1984, and a 3rd in 1989, giving it 2,407 guest rooms and suites, largest in the downtown area; he sells it on May 31, 2000 to Kirk Kekorian. The Tashkent Metro in Uzbekistan opens, becoming the first subway system in C Asia, serving 2M people. The USAF builds the world's largest wooden structure to test the effects of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) caused by nuclear explosions. 4-mi.-long Miyazaki Maglev Test Track in Hyuga City, Japan opens. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Amnesty Internat. (logo is a candle wrapped in barbed wire); Lit.: Vicente Pío Marcelino Cirilo Aleixandre y Merlo (1898-1984) (Spain); Physics: Philip Warren Anderson (1923-) (U.S.) and John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (1899-1980) (U.S.), and Sir Nevill Francis Mott (1905-96) (U.K.) [amorphous semiconductors and magnetic properties of atoms]; Chem.: Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (1917-2003) (Belgium); Med.: Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-) (U.S.), Roger Charles Louis Guillemin (1924-) (U.S.), and Andrew Victor (Andrzej Viktor) Schally (1926-) (U.S.) [measurement and synthesis of hormones]; "The world cannot afford the loss of the talents of half its people if we are to solve the many problems which beset us" (Yalow); Econ.: Bertil Ohlin (1899-1979) (Sweden) and James Edward Meade (1907-95) (U.K.). Inventions: On Apr. 22 Gen. Telephone and Electronics Co. makes the first large-scale demo of Fiber Optics (6 Mbps) to transmit live telephone calls. In Apr. Hayes Corp. in Ga., founded by S.C.-born Dennis Carl Hayes (1951-) and Dale Heatherington begins marketing the first Hayes Modem for microcomputers, operating at 300 baud; in June 1981 they introduce the Hayes AT Command Set; in 1982 they sell 140K modems, with $12M in revenue; too bad, they end up filing bankruptcy in 1994 despite sales of $270M. On May 15 the first cordless vacuum cleaner is patented (#4,011,624) by Mark Anton Proett, who assigns it to Black and Decker. On May 20 the $30M twin-engine Sukhoi Su-27 "Flanker" supermaneuverable fighter makes its first flight; when it is introduced on June 22, 1985 it joins with the MiG-29 to compete with U.S. 4th gen. fighters incl. the F-14 Tomcat and F-15 Eagle; by 2015 1.6K are built; in the mid-1990s the more advanced Mikoyan MiG-29M "Fulcrum-E", developed in the mid-1980s is offered for export. On June 5 the first Apple II computers go on sale; in June 1979 the Apple II Plus has a ROM with BASIC, replacing a cassette tape loader. On Sept. 11 the Atari 2600 VCS (Video Computer System) game system is released, becoming the first to use software cartridges; the more advanced Atari 5200 is released in 1982. On Sept. 28 the Porsche 928 debuts at the Geneva Auto Convention as a luxury alternative to the Porsche 911 (until 1995); its 1983 model was the fastest car sold in North Am., with top speed of 146mph, featured in the 1983 film "Risky Business". On Oct. 6 the $11M twin-jet Mikoyan MiG-29 "Fulcrum" multirole fighter makes its first flight, entering service in July 1983; after the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Russian, Serbian, and other former Soviet repubs. continue to operate it; by 2015 1.6K are built. Four Soviet Meteor weather satellites are put into orbit this year, the last weighing over 3 tons. The benzodiazepine drug Lorazepam is introduced to treat anxiety. Perstorp Co. of Sweden invents Laminate Flooring, selling them under the brand name Pergo; they are first sold in Europe in 1984, and the U.S. in 1994. The Bell XV-15, the first successful tiltrotor VTOL aircraft makes its first flight on May 3; the Model 1-G of 1947-54 was the first, but it was abandoned by the USAF. Mattel introduces Auto Race, the first handheld electronic game; in Nov. 1979 Milton Bradley's Microvision becomes the first handheld game console with interchangeable cartridges, designed by Jay Smith. Winsor and Newton Ltd. of England perfect Alkyd Paints, which use a synthetic resin as binder. Micro Motion Inc. of the U.S. invents the Mass (Inertial) (Coriolis) Flow Meter to measure the mass flow rate of a liquid in a tube using the Coriolis Effect. Soviet scientists discover how to make diamonds from methane gas, bypassing solid carbon and its impurities. On June 16 Software Development Labs in Redwood Shores, Calif. is founded with $1.4K by ex-Ampex employee Lawrence Joseph "Larry" Ellison (1944-) and Robert N. "Bob" Miner (1942-94), who develop Oracle, the first commercially viable computer relational database language, and on June 16, 1977 found Software Development Labs., followed on Oct. 29, 1982 by Oracle Systems, which goes public on Mar. 12, 1986 after achieving $55M sales, which zoom to $584M in 1989. On Aug. 3 Tandy Corp. announces the TRS-80 Model I desktop microcomputer, fondly called the Trash-80. On Sept. 3 Polish-born Jewish Auschwitz survivor Jack Tramiel (Idek Trzmiel) (1928-) introduces the 8-bit Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) home computer, with the slogan "Computers for the masses, not the classes", reaching $700M sales in 1983 and $1B in 1984. Israeli computer scientists Abraham Lempel (1936-) and Jacob Ziv (1931-) pub. the Ziv-Lempel LZ77 Compression Algorithm for compressing computer info., which helps the fledgling computer communications industry by reducing the data load. In Dec. Vax UK Ltd. is founded by Alan Brazier; in 1979 they introduce the 111/121 Orange Tub Multi-Functional Floor-Care Machine, which is not only suitable for normal household use but can wash carpets and handle spillages and flooding, selling it door-to-door until 1982, then stores, becoming the best-selling vacuum cleaner in the U.K. in 1987; in the 1990s they introduce the R2D2 wannabe Vax Mach Zen bagless multicyclonic cylinder vacuum cleaner with HEPA filtration, getting him sued in July 2010 by James Dyson, who loses; too bad, it's a dud, and drops off the market. Jewish computer scientists Ronald Linn Rivest (1947-) of the U.S., Adi Shamir (1952-) of Israel, and Leonard Max Adleman (1945-) of the U.S. invent the RSA Computer Encryption Algorithm, based on the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers, permitting public key encryption systems, and pub. it in Scientific American mag.; British mathematician Clifford Christopher Cocks (1950-) and two others develop it independently but don't get credit because their work is classified by the govt. - Classified Cocks? The antidepressant drug Sertraline AKA Zoloft is developed by Kenneth Koe and Willard Welch of Pfizer; it is approved by the U.K. in 1990, the U.S. FDA in 1991, and Australia in 1994; the U.S. patent expires in 2006. Opioid pain drug Tramadol (Ultram) (originally Tramal) is introduced by Grunenthal GmbH of West Germany, reaching the U.S., U.K., and Australia in 1997. Science: In May the first Balloon Angioplasty is performed in St. Mary's Hospital, San Francisco, Calif. interoperatively during bypass surgery, followed on Sept. 16 by Swiss surgeon Andreas Roland Gruentzig (1939-85) on an awake 37-y.-o. insurance salesman in Zurich; by 1995 400K patients in the U.S. receive the procedure each year. On July 7 the Nestle Boycott sees the infant formula products of Nestle Corp. of Switzerland (sold in 140 countries) boycotted for discouraging breast-feeding and causing needless infant deaths; in 1981 the 34th World Health Assembly adopts the Internat. Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes, and on Mar. 16, 1982 Nestle issues guidelines to comply, and promises to curtail distribution to hospitals, causing the boycott to be suspended in 1984; in 1988 after hospitals are flooded with free supplies, the boycott is reinstated (until ?). On Aug. 15 the strong narrowband Wow! Signal is received by the Big Ear SETI radio telescope at Ohio State U., causing inital excitement at contact with ETs; too bad, it isn't observed again until ? On Nov. 24 Greek archeologist Manolis Andronikos (1919-92) announces the discovery of the tomb of fabled Macedonian King Philip II (-382 to -336), father of Alexander III the Great (-356 to -323) in Vergina, Macedonia; finds incl. the Golden Larnax (human ash chest); the travelling exhibit The Search for Alexander tours the U.S. in 1980-2; some claim that the tomb is really that of Alexander's half-brother Philip III Arrhidaios. In Nov. the U.S. Public Health Service claims that the Liquid Protein Diet (LPD) has caused the deaths of at least 16 women ages 25-44, causing women on LPDs to drop from 217 to 29 per 100K pop. by next Mar.; more switch to total fasting, 663 vs. 306 per 100K pop. The Calif. sea otter is declared a threatened species. Dutch scientists discover dioxins in incinerator wastes. The Economist coins the term Dutch Disease, named after the 1959 discovery of a large natural gas field in the Netherlands for the phenomenon where an increase in revenues from natural resources or foreign aid leads to a decline in the manufacturing sector. N.J.-born economist Martin A. Armstrong (1949-) proposes the Economic Confidence Model, which claims economic waves every 3,141 days (pi x 1000) (8.6 years), and a confidence crisis in private markets every 51.6 years; it successfully predicts economic crises in 1977, 1989, and 1998; he also proposes a 309.6-year Republicanism Cycle, which is set to go off in 2032; too bad, on Sept. 29, 1999 Armstrong is indicted in U.S. federal court for securities fraud involving Republic New York, and isn't released from prison until Sept. 2, 2011. Belleville, Ill.-born psychologist Ernest Ropiequet "Jack" Hilgard (1904-2001) pub. the paper Divided Consciousness: Multiple Controls in Human Thought and Action, which proposes his Hidden Observer Theory of Hypnosis. A new Low-Radiation Dose Method for Mammography is patented, giving a 90% survival rate when the cancer is detected in the localized stage and hasn't spread to the lymph nodes, vs. 60% if it has. The structure of the Sun's magnetic field is determined from data sent by NASA's Pioneer II spacecraft. The Nat. Academy of Science warns that gases from spray cans can cause damage to the ozone layer of the atmosphere. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, where mothers make their children sick in order to elicit sympathy for themselves is first identified - nothing that's formal, nothing that's normal, no recitations to recite? Susan Folstein and Michael L. Rutter (1934-) pub. a study of 21 British twins showing that autism in infants has a strong genetic factor. Chicago, Ill.-born psychologist Robert J. Plomin (1948-) proposes three major ways that genes and the environment interact to shape human behavior, passive, active, and evocative gene-environment correlation. The U.S. Navy 16-ton minisub DSV Alvin (commissioned June 5, 1964), manned by John B. "Jack" Corliss (1936-), Kathleen Crane (1951-), and Robert Duane Ballard (1942-) begins exploring the Galapagos Rift Zone deep sea ocean rift hot water vents near the Galapagos Islands, diving 9K ft. and discovering previously unknown creatures thriving on bacteria living on sulfur from volcanic vents, incl. sulfur-eating bacteria, giant tube worms and clams, and other bizarre life forms; after writing a letter to Francis Crick on June 24, 1969, announcing that he wanted to use "the cell's 'internal fossil record' [RNA] to extend our knowledge of evolution backward in time by a billion years or so", U.S. scientist Carl Richard Woese (1928-) defines the new unicellular Archaea, the 3rd kingdom of life (after Bacteria, Eucarya), which can live in extreme conditions; later he and other scientists discover Methanogens, archaeons that produce methane in anoxic conditions; the discovery of a new limb on the tree of life suggests the possibility of Horizontal Evolution? Swedish physician Tomas G.M. Hoekfelt (Hökfelt) (1940-) discovers that most neurons can transmit multiple neurotransmitters at the same time, which he calls the Coexistence Principle. A team led by English biochemist Frederick Sanger (1918-2013) and his student Allan Maxam (1942-) of Harvard U. determine the exact DNA sequence of bacteriophage phi-X174, the first for any organism, using the Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing Method that combines chemicals that cut DNA at specific bases with radioactive labeling and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, becoming the first DNA sequencing, becoming a breakthrough in molecular biology; Am. biochemist Walter Gilbert (1932-) independently develops a nucleotide sequencing technique, and Sanger and Gilbert share the 1980 Nobel Chem. Prize. Falmouth, Ky.-born molecular biologist Philip Allen Sharp (1944-) of MIT and Derby, England-born molecular biologist Richard John Roberts (1943-) of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island independently discover Alternative (Differential) RNA Splicing that permits a single gene to code for multiple proteins, along with Split (Interrupted) Genes, genomic sequences (exons) interrupted by intervening sequences of meaningless info. (introns), found in organisms other than monerans (bacteria and algae), going on to share the 1993 Nobel Med. Prize. Herpes encephalitis becomes the first life-threatening viral infection to be successfully treated with a drug. Big year for quark and lepton hunters? Am. physicist Leon Max Lederman (1922-2018) et al. of the Fermi Nat. Accelerator Lab. in Batavia, Ill. discover a 5th quark, the Bottom (Beauty) Quark, which has a mass about 5Kx that of the electron, which with its antiquark forms the upsilon particle (psion), giving three quark families, up/down (ordinary matter), strange/charm (high energy), and beauty (bottom)/truth (top), and winning him the 1988 Nobel Physics Prize; the hunt is on for the last quark, the top or truth quark, 45Kx the mass of an electron, which is found in 1994; meanwhile Am. physicist Martin Lewis Perl (1927-2014) of Stanford U. studies frontal collisions between electrons and positrons in the Stanford Linear Accelerator, and in Aug. observes the first tau particles (tauons) (heavy leptons), which decay in less than a picosecond into neutrinos and an electron or muon, while an antitau particle decays into neutrinos and a positron or antimuon, winning him the 1995 Nobel Physics Prize; a tauon is a fat muon (3.5Kx the electron's mass), and a muon is a fat electron (200x the electron's mass), giving three families of leptons to match the three families of quarks. Kenyan Kikuyu biologist Wangari Muta Maathai (1940-) (first Kenyan female Ph.D.) founds the Kenyan Green Belt Movement, which plants 5M trees over the next 10 years; in 2004 she is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Am. astrophysicists George Fitzgerald Smoot III (1945-) of Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab in Calif. and John Cromwell Mather (1946-) of NASA discover anisotropic temperature variations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR), winning them the 2006 Nobel Physics Prize. Dima and Lyuba, two baby mammoths frozen in ice for up to 40K years are discovered in the Soviet Union. Nonfiction: Mortimer Adler (1902-2001), Philosopher at Large: An Intellectual Autobiography; Reforming Education: The Schooling of a People and Their Education Beyond Schooling; ed. by Geraldine Van Doren. Frank Edward Armbruster (1923-), Our Children's Crippled Future: How American Education Has Failed. Uell Stanley Andersen (1917-86), The Secret Power of the Pyramids. Richard Barnet (1929-2004), The Giants; U.S.-Soviet relations. Walter Jackson Bate (1918-99), Samuel Johnson (Pulitzer Prize); stresses his modernity. Petr Beckmann (1924-93), The Health Hazards of Not Going Nuclear; U. of Colo. prof. promotes nuclear energy with scientific arguments, and is ignored? Raoul Berger (1901-2000), Government by Judiciary. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), Without a Trace. Ray Allen Billington (1903-81), America's Frontier Culture: Three Essays. Harold Bloom (1930-2019), Wallace Stevens: The Poems of Our Climate. Lincoln Borglum (1912-86), Mount Rushmore: The Story Behind the Scenery. Fenner Brockway (1888-1988), Towards Tomorrow (autobio.). John Brooks, Showing Off in America: From Conspicuous Consumption to Parody Display. Martin Broszat (1926-89), Hitler and the Genesis of the Final Solution; first proposes the functionalist view of the Holocaust, that it was evolved by the bureaucracy after other plans proved untenable, which competes with the intentionalist view that it was a premeditated plan from day one by Hitler, forced on the bureaucrats from the top. Walter Brueggemann (1933-), The Land: Place as Gifts, Promise, and Challenge in Biblical Faith; leftist Am. Protestant theologian affirms Jewish self-identity and Israel; when it is repub. in 2002 he flops and condemns Jewish "exceptionalism" for having "merged old traditions of land entitlement" with the "most vigorous military capacity" into an "intolerable commitment to violence that is justified by reason of state". Alan Bullock (1914-2004) (ed.), Harper Dictionary of Modern Thought; written after Bullock couldn't define the word "hermeneutics". Reid A. Bryson and Thomas J. Murray, Climates of Hunger; "Climate is changing. Parts of our world have been cooling. Rain belts and food-growing areas have shifted. People are starving. And we have been too slow to realize what is happening and why. In recent years, world climate changes have drawn more attention than at any other time in history. What we once called 'crazy weather,' just a few years ago, is now beginning to be seen as part of a logical and, in part, predictable pattern, an awesome natural force that we must deal with if man is to avoid disaster of unprecedented proportions. Along with drought in some places and floods in others, both caused by changing wind patterns, average temperatures of the Northern Hemisphere have been falling. The old-fashioned winters our grandfathers spoke of might be returning. In England, the growing season has already been cut by as much as two weeks." Philip Caputo (1941-), A Rumor of War (autobio.); his Vietnam War experiences in 1965-6; "The finest memoir of men at arms in our generation" (Peter Andrews). Alfonso Caso y Andrade (1896-1970), Kings and Queens of Mixteca (2 vols.) (1977-9) (posth.). Anthony Cave Brown (1929-2006) and Charles B. MacDonale, The Secret History of the Atomic Bomb. Alfred DuPont Chandler Jr. (1918-2007), The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business (Pulitzer Prize); the evolution of the U.S. corporation since the 1840s, and how perfect competition ended in 1850 as big corp. executives overrode the invisible hand with their visible hands. Happy Chandler (1898-1991) and Vance H. Trimble, Heroes, Plain Folks, and Skunks: The Life and Times of Happy Chandler (autobio.); ML baseball commissioner #2 Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler Sr. (1898-1991). Bruce Chatwin (1940-89), In Patagonia; his journey to "the uttermost part of the earth". Sir Kenneth Clark (1903-83), The Other Half: A Self-Portrait (autobio.); Animals and Men. Robert Coles (1929-), Eskimos, Chicanos and Indians; The Privileged Ones: The Well-Off and the Rich in America; vols. 4-5 of "Children of Crisis". Henry Steele Commager (1902-98), The Empire of Reason: How Europe Imagined and America Realized the Enlightenment. Patricia Crone and Michael Cook, Hagarism; claims that Muhammad wasn't elevated to prophet status until 700 C.E., and the Quran was compiled in 694-714 under Iraqi gov. al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf. Mary Daly (1928-2010), Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism (Dec. 31); blames patriarchy (which she calls a religion) for female oppression, points to most gynecologists being male, and coins almost 200 new words for a feminist theology to help women who hate the necrophilic male world (the Foreground) escape to the biophilic world of women (the Background); claims that 9M women were killed between the 14th and 18th cents. in Europe, vs. 60K-100K like historians claim; criticized by Audre Lorde for ignoring women of color. Len Deighton (1929-), Fighter: The True Story of the Battle of Britain; "I read page after page with fascination" (Albert Speer). Jean Delaude, Le Circle d'Ulysse. Morris Dickstein, Gates of Eden: American Culture in the Sixties. Annie Dillard (1945-), Holy the Firm. Robert J. Donovan (1912-2003), Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1945-48; revives his sagging rep. Ann Douglas (1942-), The Feminization of American Culture (May 11); an alliance between women and the clergy in the 19th cent. created the sentimental society and modern mass culture? John P. Holdren (1944-), Paul Ralph Ehrlich (1932-), and Anne Howland Ehrlich (1933-), Ecoscience: Population, Resources, and Environment; advocates forced abortions and sterility for pop. control. Albert Ellis (1913-2007) et al., Handbook of Rational-Emotive Therapy. Gloria Emerson (1929-2004), Winners and Losers: Battles, Retreats, Gains, Losses, and Ruins from the Vietnam War; bemoans the "absence of the effect" of the Vietnam War on some Americans; "Americans cannot perceive - even the most decent among us - the suffering caused by the United States air war in Indochina and how huge are the graveyards we have created there. To a reporter recently returned from Vietnam, it often seems that much of our fury and fear is reserved for busing, abortion, mugging, and liberation of some kind... As Anthony Lewis once wrote, our military technology is so advanced that we kill at a distance and insulate our consciences by the remoteness of the killing." Richard J. Evans (1947-), The Feminists. William Everson (1912-94), Dionysus and the Beat: Four Letters on the Archetype. Patrick Leigh Fermor (1915-2011), A Time of Gifts (3 vols.) ("Between the Woods and the Water", 1986; "The Broken Road", 2013) (autobio.); his journey on foot across Europe from Holland to Constantinople in 1933-4; title comes from a poem by Louis MacNeice; classic description of Europe before WWII. George Fetherling (1949-), The Five Lives of Ben Hecht. James Fuller "Jim" Fixx (1932-84), The Complete Book of Running (Sept. 12); bestseller (1M copies); how he went from 240 lbs. to 180 lbs. and gave up smoking after starting jogging in 1967, with the cover showing off his muscular legs, launching the U.S. jogging craze; too bad, in 1984 he dies of a massive heart attack after jogging, sending mixed signals. Antony Flew (1923-), Thinking Straight. Lacey Fosburgh (1942-93), Closing Time: The True Story of the "Goodbar" Murder; bestseller about Roseann Quinn (1944-73). Nancy Friday (1933-), My Mother/My Self. Joan Terry Garrity, Total Loving: How to Love and Be Loved for the Rest of Your Life. William Howard Gass (1924-), The World Within the Word (essays) (Dec. 31). Felix Gilbert (1905-91), History: Choice and Commitment. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Jerusalem Illustrated History Atlas. Paul Goodman (1911-72), Drawing the Line: Political Essays; Creator Spirit Come! Literary Essays; Nature Heals: Psychological Essays (posth.); all ed. by Taylor Stoehr. Doris Kearns Goodwin (1943-), Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream (first book) (NYT bestseller); written after working for him and helping him write his memoirs. Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), Ever Since Darwin: Reflections on Natural History; essays from Nat. History mag.; first of many books promoting Darwinian evolution or variants thereof. Stanislav Grof (1931-) and Joan Halifax, The Human Encounter with Death. Trevor Henry Hall (1910-), The Search for Harry Price; claims that psychical researcher Harry Price (1881-1948) was a fraud. Leslie Halliwell (1929-89), Halliwell's Film Guide; becomes a std. reference. Peter Handke (1942-), The Weight of the World (autobio.); his stay in Paris in 1975-7. Garrett Hardin (1915-2003), The Limits of Altruism: An Ecologist's View of Survival. Michael Harrington (1928-89), Twilight of Capitalism; tries to rescue Marx from the garbage can; The Vast Majority: A Journey to the World's Poor; after walking the Via Dolorosa of Calcutta, he finds a "vast wheedling, suppurating army of the halt and the maimed. They finally led me to think blasphemies about Christ"; "If he were half the God he claims to be, he would leave his heaven and come here to do penance in the presence of a suffering that he as God obscenely permits. But he does not exist." William "Billy" Hayes (1947-), Midnight Express; caught on Oct. 6, 1970 in Istanbul trying to smuggle hashish out of Turkey, he is given 4 years 2 mo., then resentenced to 30 years, after which he goes through Hell until he breaks out and flees to Greece on Oct. 4, 1975; filmed in 1978. Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), The Economic Transformation of America: 1600 to the Present. Michael Herr (1940-), Dispatches; Esquire reporter on Vietnam in 1967-8; "The best personal journalism about war, any war, that any writer has ever accomplished" (Robert Stone). James Herriott (1916-95), All Things Wise and Wonderful. Charles Higham (1931-2012), Marlene: The Life of Marlene Dietrich. Christopher Hills (1926-97), Nuclear Evolution: Discovery of the Rainbow Body (2nd ed.). E.D. Hirsch Jr. (1928-), The Philosophy of Composition; formulates the concept of cultural literacy. Jacob Holdt (1947-), American Pictures; Dutch photographer on the lam from criminal charges over his leftist activities documents the lower classes using a $30 Canon Dial half-frame camera, making him an internat. star. Townsend Hoopes (1922-2004), The Devil and John Foster Dulles. Sir Alistair Horne (1925-), A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962; recommended in 2003 by Henry Kissinger to Pres. George H.W. Bush. Am. Humanist Assoc., Humanist Manifesto I; Humanist Manifesto II (New York City). David Irving (1938-), The Trail of the Fox: Life of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel; about German Gen. Erwin Rommel (1891-1944). Michael James Jackson (1942-2007), The World Guide to Beer; rev. ed. 1988; becomes an internat. bestseller, educating readers to beer styles; in 1990 he hosts the BBC-Discovery Channel TV series "The Beer Hunter"; in 2004 he pub. "The Malt Whisky Companion", doing ditto to whiskey. C.L.R. James (1901-89), Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution. Robert Rhodes James (1933-99), Britain's Role in the United Nations. Irving Lester Janis (1918-90), Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice, and Commitment. Robert Jastrow (1925-), Until the Sun Dies. Erica Jong (1942-), How to Save Your Own Life. Mollie Katzen (1950-), The Moosewood Cookbook; bestseller (5M copies); written after co-founding the Moosewood Restaurant in Ithaca, N.Y. in 1973; vegetarian-friendly recipe book, bringing vegetarianism into the mainstream; 2nd ed. 1992. Morton Keller (1929-), Affairs of State. Evelyn Keyes (1916-), Scarlett O'Hara's Younger Sister: My Lively Life In and Out of Hollywood (autobio.); Suellen in "Gone With the Wind" (1939). Arthur Koestler (1905-83), Twentieth Century Views: A Collection of Critical Essays. Michael Korda (1933-), Success! How Every Man and Woman Can Achieve It. H.H. Lamb (1913-97), Climatic History and the Future; rev. ed pub. 1985; shows how studies of fossil pollen point to "great rapidity of climate change", but concludes "On balance, the effects of increased carbon dioxide on climate is almost certainly in the direction of warming but is probably much smaller than the estimates which have commonly been accepted." Louis Kronenberger (1904-80) and Harold Clurman (eds.), Ibsen. William Leonard Langer (1896-1977), In and Out of the Ivory Tower (autobio.). Martin A. Larson (1897-1994), The Story of Christian Origins; rev. ed. of "The Religion of the Occident" (1959). Christopher Lasch (1932-94), Haven in a Heartless World: The Family Seiged. Victor Lasky (1918-90), It Didn't Start With Watergate; political corruption, that is. Timothy Leary (1920-96), Exo-Psychology: A Manual for the Use of the Human Nervous System According to the Instructions of the Manufacturers, and a Navigational Guide for Piloting the Evolution of the Human Individual. Bernard-Henri Levy (1948-), Barbarism With a Human Face; criticizes the French embrace of Marxism, radical politics, and philosophy, and suggests that U.S. capitalism is good, making him a pariah in France? Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), Six Lives/Six Deaths: Portraits from Modern Japan. John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001), The Deep Self. William Roger Louis (1936-), Imperialism at Bay, 1941-1945. Bessie Love (1898-1986), From Hollywood with Love (autobio.). Felicien Marceau (1913-), Le Roman en Liberte; Les Personnages de la Comedie Humaine. Rene-Louis Maurice and Jean-Claude Simoen, Cinq Milliards au Bout de l'Egout (The Heist of the Century) (The Gentleman of 16 July) (Under the Streets of Nice); the 1976 Albert Spaggiari bank heist. Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), Africa's International Relations: The Diplomacy of Dependency and Change; State of the Glove Report. David McCullough (1933-), The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914; Pres. Carter attributes the ratification of the treaties passing control of the Panama Canal to Panama to this book; "All through the Senate debates on the issue the book was quoted again and again, and I'm pleased to say that it was quoted by both sides. Real history always cuts both ways." (McCullough) John McPhee (1931-), Coming into the Country; his travels in Alaska, establishing his rep as a nature writer; The John McPhee Reader. John Michell (1933-2009) and R.J.M. Rickard, Phenomena: A Book of Wonders. Fergus Millar (1935-), The Emperor in the Roman World, 31 BC-AD 337; from Augustus to Constantine I; claims that the emperor worked mainly by responding to communications initiated by his subjects, making decisions and passing verdicts. Kate Millett (1934-), Sita; her love affair with a female college administrator that went bad, causing her to have a mental breakdown. Raymond Moody (1944-), Reflections on Life After Life. Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), Marlene Dietrich. Desmond Morris (1928-), Manwatching: A Field Guide to Human Behavior. George Lachmann Mosse (1918-99), Toward the Final Solution: A History of European Racism; Nazism's success traces to the 19th cent. volkisch ideology about a mystical German soul, which paints the hooked-nose Jew as their ultimate enemy, plus the Euro tendency to judge people with the Greek ideal of beauty - the nose knows? Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), Christ and the Media; "The media in general, and TV in particular, are incomparably the greatest single influence in our society. This influence is, in my opinion, largely exerted irresponsibly, arbitrarily, and without reference to any moral or intellectual, still less spiritual guidelines whatsoever"; "Future historians will surely see us as having created in the media a Frankenstein monster which no one knows how to control or direct, and marvel that we should have so meekly subjected ourselves to its destructive and often malign influence." Mildred Newman (1920-81), Bernard Berkowitz, and Jean Owen, How to Take Charge of Your Life. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), The People Shall Continue (Fifth World Tales). Vance Packard (1914-96), The People Shapers; the use of psych and bio testing to manipulate human behavior. Marcel Pagnol (1895-1974), Le Temps des Amours (autobio.). (posth.). Talcott Parsons (1902-79), Social Systems and the Evolution of Action Theory. Eric Partridge (1894-1979), A Dictionary of Catch Phrases. Joseph Chilton Pearce (1926-), Magical Child; promotes active imaginative play to foster "creative competence". S.J. Perelman (1904-79), Eastward, Ha!; illustrations by Al Hirschfeld; his round-the-world trip. Edmund S. Phelps Jr. (1933-) and John B. Taylor (1946-), Stabilizing Powers of Monetary Policy under Rational Expectations; proves that staggered (overlapping) setting of wages and prices gives monetary policy a role in stabilizing economic fluctuations if prices or wages are sticky, even when all workers and firms have rational expectations, giving Keynesians a new life, and founding New Keynesian Economics. Robert Pinsky (1940-), The Situation of Poetry; contemporary poetry's Romantic and modernist roots. Richard Poirier (1925-), Robert Frost: The Work of Knowing. Roy Porter (1946-2002), The Making of Geology: Earth Science in Britain, 1660-1815; switches to the history of medicine and becomes a star. John Enoch Powell (1912-98), Wrestling with the Angel. William Powell (1950-), The Anarchist Cookbook; bestseller by a New York City bookstore clerk as a protest against the Vietnam War (not a real anarchist), containing recipes using marijuana and directions for making homemade bombs that are full of errors; in 2000 after converting to Christianity he repudiates the book. Edward C. Prescott (1940-) and Finn E. Kydland (1943-), Rules Rather than Discretion: The Inconsistency of Optimal Plans; points out that individuals and their assumptions and predictions of the future interfere with govt. economic planning and policy, with the soundbyte: "Even if there is a fixed and agreed upon social objective function and policy makers know the timing and magnitude of the effects of their actions... correct evaluation of the end-of-point position does not result in the social objective being maximized." V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), The Gentle Barbarian: The Life and Work of Turgenev. Kathleen Raine (1908-73), The Lion's Mouth (autobio.). Maria Rasputin (1898-1977) and Patte Barham, The Man Behind the Myth. John Rechy (1934-), The Sexual Outlaw; his gay hustling exploits in gay L.A. vs. horrible homophobia, tsk tsk. Robert V. Remini (1921-), Andrew Jackson and the Course of the American Empire; vol. 1 of 3 (1981, 1984). Robert J. Ringer, Looking Out for Number One. Barry Rubin (1950-2014), International News and the American Media. Nawal El Saadawi (1931-), The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World; how Muslim men use every trick they have to keep women down. Carl Sagan (1934-96), The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence (Apr. 11) (Pulitzer Prize); bestseller about the origin of the human brain from the Big Bang on. Edward Wadie Said (1935-2003), Orientalism (Dec. 31); disses Westerners for their views of the East, claiming they're biased by imperialist attitudes and should be chucked because the East isn't necessarily inferior to the West just because it's technologically and socially backward, making him an instant Western academic star, becoming a pseudo-religion one must ascribe to in order to get tenure in Am. Middle East studies depts. until ?; it's actually mainly moose hockey? Kamal Salibi (1929-2011), Syria under Islam: Empire on Trial 634-1097. Sheldon Arthur "Shelly" Saltman (1931-), Evel Knievel on Tour; pisses-off Knievel so bad that he attacks him with an aluminum baseball bat, breaking his left arm, after which Saltman wins a $12.75M damage award, which is still uncollected at the time of Knievel's 2007 death, by which time it has grown to $100M+ with interest. Phyllis Schafly (1924-2016), Power of the Positive Woman (June 30); leads a campaign to stop the ERA that blocks it in several states. Simon Schame (1945-), Patriots and Liberators: Revolution in the Netherlands, 1780-1813 (first book) (Wolfson History Prize); about the pro-U.S. Dutch Patriot rev. Orville Hickok Schell (1940-), In the People's Republic: An American's First-Hand View of Living and Working in China. Hugh J. Schonfield (1901-88), The Passover Plot; British "Nazarene" Jew claims that Jesus didn't intend to found a new religion, but his followers broke with him to recruit non-Jews. Mark Schorer (1908-77), Pieces of Life (autobio.). Peter Dale Scott (1929-), Crime and Cover-Up: The CIA, the Mafia, and the Dallas-Watergate Connection. Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (1911-77), A Guide for the Perplexed; critique of materialism and scientism; This I Believe and Other Essays. Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947-), Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder (autobio.) (Nov. 14); bestseller. Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs (McGovern Committee), Dietary Goals for the United States; concludes that Americans eat too many bad things, esp. animal fats and meat, and too few good things incl. fruits, veggies, and whole grain cereals, plus poultry and fish, and that 6 of 10 leading causes of death are related to diet and cause half of all deaths; creates the first U.S. nat. salt targets of 3 g/day, claiming that restricting salt consumption reduces hypertension, despite a lack of studies proving it; causes the meat industry to go on the attack. Hans F. Sennholz (1922-2007), Problemas Economicas de Actualidad; Tiempos de Inflation (Age of Inflation). Elaine Showalter (1941-), A Literature of Their Own (Jan. 31); there was a separate tradition of women's lit. in England? Barbara Smith (1946-), Toward a Black Feminist Criticism. Robert Sobel (1931-99), The Fallen Colossus. Susan Sontag (1933-2004), On Photography; big hit, pissing-off photographers by calling photography corrosive and manipulative and not just impartial note-taking because their "acquisitive relation to the world" promotes "emotional detachment". Fritz Stern (1926-), Gold and Iron; Gerson Bleichroder and Otto von Bismarck. Frank William Stringfellow (1928-95), Conscience and Obedience: The Politics of Romans 13 and Revelation 13 in Light of the Second Coming. Studs Terkel (1912-2008), Talking to Myself: A Memoir of My Times (autobio.). John Terraine (1921-2003), The Road to Passchendaele: The Flanders Offensive of 1917: A Study in Inevitability. Alexander Thomas (1913-2003), Temperament and Development; his 30-year study at NYU, showing the importance of temperament for personality development, and how children tend to become like their parents. Lawrance Roger Thompson (1906-73), Robert Frost: The Years of Triumph, 1915-1938 (Pulitzer Prize). Sir George Trevelyan (1906-96), A Vision of the Aquarian Age; "Behind all outwardly manifested form is a timeless realm of absolute consciousness. It is the great Oneness underlying all the diversity, all the myriad forms of nature. It may be called God, or may be deemed beyond all naming... The world of nature, in short, is but a reflection of the eternal world of Creative imagining. The inner core of man, that which in each of us might be called spirit, is a droplet of the divine source. As such, it is imperishable and eternal, for life cannot be extinguished. The outer sheath in which it manifestscan, of course, wear out and be discarded; but to speak of 'death' in relation to the true being and spirit of man is irrelevant." Diana Trilling (1905-96), We Must March, My Darlings; returns to her alma mater Radcliffe College and finds the students lacking in social reform gusto. Scott Turow (1949-), One L: The Turbulent True Story of a First Year at Harvard Law School. Liv Ullmann (1938-), Changing (autobio.); tells of her affair with Ingmar Bergman, and about their daughter Linn Ullmann (1966-). Peter Ustinov (1921-2004), Dear Me (autobio.); "We have gone through much together, Dear Me, and yet it suddenly occurs to me we don't know each other at all." Immanuel Velikovsky (1895-1979), Peoples of the Sea. Judith Viorst (1931-), How Did I Get to Be Forty and Other Atrocities. Roger G.L. Waite, The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler. Anthony F.C. Wallace (1923-), Rockdale: The Growth of an American Village in the Early Industrial Revolution (Dec. 31). Irving Wallace (1916-90), David Wallechinsky, and Amy Wallace, The Book of Lists; 2nd ed. 1981; 3rd ed. 1983. Michael Walzer (1935-), Radical Principles: Reflections of an Unreconstructed Democrat. Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations; Jewish-Am. leftist explains that war is wrong, just not all the time, like against Hitler?; "The argument about war and justice is still a political and moral necessity." John Wansbrough, Quranic Studies; explodes the divine origin of the Quran. Earl Warren (1891-1974), The Memoirs of Chief Justice Earl Warren; "Practically all the Cabinet members of President Kennedy's administration, along with Director J. Edgar Hoover of the FBI and Chief James Rowley of the Secret Service, whose duty it was to protect the life of the President, testified that to their knowledge there was no sign of any conspiracy. To say now that these people, as well as the Commission, suppressed, neglected to unearth, or overlooked evidence of a conspiracy would be an indictment of the entire government of the United States. It would mean the whole structure was absolutely corrupt from top to bottom, with not one person of high or low rank willing to come forward to expose the villainy." Sir John Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75) and Anthony Nicholls, The Semblance of Peace: The Political Settlement After the Second World War. Edmund White (1940-) and Charles Silverstein, The Joy of Gay Sex: An Intimate Guide for Gay Men to the Pleasures of a Gay Lifestyle - there's nothing wrong with it? Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), Marxism and Literature; Politics and Letters: Interviews with New Left Review. Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Timothy Leary (1920-96) and George Koopman, Neuropolitics: The Sociobiology of Human Metamorphosis. George Woodcock (1912-95), Peoples of the Coast: The Indians of the Pacific Northwest; The Anarchist Reader. Fred L. Worth, The Complete Unabridged Super Trivia Encyclopedia; turns it from a vice to an art? Art: Balthus (1908-2001), Nude in Profile. Richard Diebenkorn (1922-93), Ocean Park. Philip Guston (1913-80), Sleeping. Patrick Heron (1920-99), Orange and Lemon with Small Violet. David Hockney (1937-), Looking at Pictures on a Screen; My Parents. Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), Whack Your Porcupine and Other Drawings. William de Kooning (1904-97), Untitled XXIV; a vile eye? Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), Figures in Landscape. Walter De Maria (1935-2013), The Lightning Field; 400 pointed 20 ft. tall stainless steel poles arranged in a 1 mi. x 1 km grid at 220 ft. spacing, known for attracting lightning bolts during storms, causing some poles to have to be replaced; they also capture the brilliant light of sunrise and sunset; The New York Earth Room; installed in a loft at 141 Wooster St., New York City. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Rooming Life; L'Ombre de l'Invisible; Ouvre l'Instant. Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986), From a Day with Juan. Claes Oldenburg (1929-), Batcolumn; 100-ft.-high steel sculpture that looks like a vertical baseball bat; installed at Harold Washington Social Security Ceter in Chicago, Ill. Edward Ruscha (1937-), Picture Without Words; 23 ft. high. Cindy Sherman (1954-), Complete Untitled Film Stills (1977-80) (B&W photographs). Music: 10cc, Deceptive Bends (album #5) (May); first without Kevin Godley and Lol Creme; incl. I Bought a Flat Guitar Tutor; Live and Let Live (first live album) (Sept.). ABBA, The Album (album #5) (Dec. 12); incl. Take a Chance on Me, The Name of the Game, Hole In Your Soul, Thank You for the Music (later becomes their goodbye song). AC/DC, Let There Be Rock (album #4) (Mar.); last with Mark Evans; incl. Let There Be Rock, Dog Eat Dog, Whole Lotta Rosie. Aerosmith, Draw the Line (album #5) (Dec. 1); recorded in an abandoned convent outside New York City; incl. Draw the Line, Walk This Way; Back in the Saddle, Come Together. Gregg Allman (1947-), Playin' Up a Storm (album #2). Gregg Allman (1947-) and Cher (1946-), Two the Hard Way (Nov.) (with Cher); sells 500K copies; incl. You've Really Got a Hold on Me. America, Harbor (album #7) (Feb. 15); last with Dan Peek; album goes #21 in the U.S., but no singles ever chart; Live (album) (Oct.); they're now a duo; their first flop. Joan Baez (1941-), Blowin' Away (album). The Band, Islands (last album). George Benson (1943-), Livin' Inside Your Love (album) (Feb. 1); incl. Livin' Inside Your Love. Dickey Betts (1943-), Dickey Betts and Great Southern (album); incl. Bougainvillea (co-written by Don Johnson of "Miami Vice" fame). Bjork (1965-), Bjork (Björk) (album) (debut) (Dec. 18). Blondie, Plastic Letters (album #2) (Oct.); incl. Denis, (I'm Always Touched by) Your Presence, Dear. Moody Blues, Caught Live + 5 (album) (Apr. 30); recorded in Royal Albert Hall on Dec. 12, 1969. Debby Boone (1956-), You Light Up My Life (album); incl. You Light Up My Life (by Joe Brooks) (5M copies), End of the World. David Bowie (1947-2016), Low (New Music Night and Day) (album) (Jan. 14); "Cut me and I bleed Low" (Bowie); first in his Berlin Trilogy ("Heroes", "Lodger"), recorded with Brian Eno and co-produced by Tony Visconti; incl. Sound and Vision, Be My Wife, Warszawa; "Heroes" (album) (Oct. 14); #2 in Berlin Trilogy; "There's Old Wave, there's New Wave, and there's David Bowie"; incl. "Heroes" (two lovers meet at the Berlin Wall), Beauty and the Beast. David Bowie (1947-2016) and Bing Crosby (1903-77), Peace on Earth/ Little Drummer Boy (Nov. 30) (CBS-TV) (Dec. 24) (ITV); recorded five weeks before Crosby dies on Oct. 14. Bread, Lost Without Your Love (album #6) (last) (Jan.); incl. Lost Without Your Love (#9 in the U.S.), Hooked On You (#60 in the U.S.). Jacques Brel (1929-78), Les Marquises (last album); incl. Les Marquises (his stay in Hiva Oa in the Marquesas Islands). Jackson Browne (1948-), Running on Empty (album #5) (Dec. 6) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. Running on Empty (#11 in the U.S.), The Load-Out/Stay (#11 in the U.S.). Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Altitudes (album #8) (Jan. 20); his biggest hit; incl. Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes, Margaritaville. Chris de Burgh (1948-), At the End of a Perfect Day (album #3); incl. Summer Rain. Can, Saw Delight (album #9). Eric Carmen (1949-), She Did It (Aug.) (#23 in the U.S.). The Carpenters, Passage (album #8) (Oct.); incl. All You Get from Love is a Love Song, Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft (becomes the anthem of World Contact Day), Sweet Sweet Smile. Harry Chapin (1942-81), Dance Band on the Titanic (album #7) (Sept. 10); incl. Dance Band on the Titanic. Cher (1946-), Cherished (album #14) (Sept.); a flop; incl. Pirate!, War Paint and Soft Feathers. Wild Cherry, Electrified Funk (album #2). Chic, Chic (album) (debut) (Nov. 22); sells 500K copies; Nile Rodgers (1952-), Bernard Edwards (1952-1996); incl. Dance, Dance, Dance (Yowsah, Yowsah, Yowsah), Everybody Dance. Chicago, Chicago XI (album #11) (Sept. 12); incl. Baby, What a Big Surprise. Chilliwack, Dreams, Dreams, Dreams (album #6); incl. Fly at Night. Gene Clark (1944-91), Two Sides to Every Story (album) (Jan.); incl. Sister Moon (with Emmylou Harris), In the Pines. The Clash, The Clash (album) (debut) (Apr. 8); formed in 1976; from London, England, incl. Joe Strummer (John Graham Mellor) (1952-2002) (vocals), Michael Geofffrey "Mick" Jones (1955-) (guitar), Paul Gustave Simonon (1955-) (bass), Terry Chimes (1955-)/Nicholas Bowen "Nicky" "Topper" Headon (1955-) (drums); disbands in 1983; incl. White Riot, Remote Control. Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), Death of a Ladies' Man (album #5) (Nov.); produced by Phil Spector, who shocks fans by drowning Cohen's voice in his Wall of Sound; incl. Death of a Ladies' Man, Memories, Iodine. Judy Collins (1939-), So Early in the Spring... The First 15 Years (album) (#42 in the U.S.). Bad Company, Burnin' Sky (album #4) (Mar. 3) (#15 in the U.S.); incl. Burnin' Sky (#78 in the U.S.). Rita Coolidge (1945-), Anytime... Anywhere (album #5); incl. (Your Love Has Lifted Me) Higher and Higher (#2 in the U.S.), We're All Alone (#7 in the U.S.). Alice Cooper (1948-), Lace and Whiskey (album #10) (May); incl. Lace and Whiskey. Elvis Costello (1954-), My Aim is True (album) (debut) (July 22); incl. Alison, Less Than Zero, Watching the Detectives (first U.K. hit single). David Coverdale (1951-), White Snake (album) (solo debut); formerly of Deep Purple; his backing band later becomes Whitesnake; incl. Lady; Northwinds (album); incl. Northwinds. Seals and Crofts, One on One Soundtrack (album); incl. My Fair Share. Blue Oyster Cult, Spectres (album #5) (Oct.); incl. Godzilla. The Damned, Damned, Damned, Damned (album) (debut) (Feb. 18); first English punk rock band to release an album and a single, to chart, and to tour the U.S.; incl. Dave Vanian (David Letts) (1956-), Captain Sensible (Raymond Burns) (1955-) (likes to wear a red beret), and Rat Scabies (Christopher "Chris" Millar) (1957-); incl. New Rose, Neat Neat Neat; Music for Pleasure (album #2) (Nov. 18). Steely Dan, Aja (album #6) (Sept.) (#3 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.); named after Donald Fagen's friend's brother's Korean wife; sells 5M copies; incl. Deacon Blues, Peg, Home at Last. Paul Davis (1948-2008), Singer of Songs, Teller of Tales (album #5); incl. I Go Crazy (#7 in the U.S.) (longest chart run on the Billboard Hot 100 until ?), Sweet Life (#17 in the U.S.) (#85 country). The Grateful Dead, Terrapin Station (album #9) (July 27); incl. Terrapin Station. Samson and Delilah; What a Long Strange Trip It's Been - The Best of the Grateful Dead (double album) (Oct.). Sandy Denny (1947-78), Rendezvous (last album) (May). John Denver (1943-97), I Want to Live (album #12) (Nov.); incl. I Want to Live, How Can I Leave You Again. Neil Diamond (1941-), Desiree. The Doobie Brothers, Livin' on the Fault Line (album #7) (Aug. 19) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. You Belong to Me (by Carly Simon). Tangerine Dream, Sorcerer Soundtrack (album #9) (#25 in the U.K.); incl. Sorcerer; Encore: Tangerine Dream Live (album #10). Ian Dury (1942-2000), New Boots and Panties!! (album); incl. Sex & Drugs and Rock & Roll; allegedly coins the term "sex, drugs, and rock & roll". ELO, Out of the Blue (double album) (Oct.); first double album to have four top-20 singles in the U.K.; incl. Turn to Stone, Sweet Talkin' Woman, Mr. Blue Sky, Standin' in the Rain, Big Wheels, Summer and Lightning, It's Over, Across the Border, Jungle, Wild West Hero. Brian Eno (1948-), Before and After Science (album #5) (Dec.); incl. King's Lead Hat. Marianne Faithfull (1946-), Dreaming My Dreams (album); incl. Dreaming My Dreams. Earth, Wind, and Fire, All 'N All (album #8) (Nov. 21) (#3 in the U.S.) (3M copies); incl. I'll Write A Song for You, Serpentine Fire, Love's Holiday, Fantasy. The Floaters, Float On (#2 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder from Detroit, Mich. Pink Floyd, Animals (album #8) (Jan. 23) (#3 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); based on George Orwell's "Animal Farm"; incl. Pigs on the Wing 1/2; Dogs; Sheep. Focus, Focus Con Proby (album #7) (Jan.). Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), Nether Lands (album #4) (May); incl. The Power of Gold, The Language of Love, Lonely in Love. Foghat, Foghat Live (album) (Aug.); sells 2M copies; incl. I Just Want to Make Love to You, Slow Ride. Foreigner, Foreigner (album) (debut) (Mar. 8); from New York City, incl. Lou Gramm (Louis Andrew Grammatico) (1950-) (vocals), Michael Leslie "Mick" Jones (1944-) (guitar), and Ian McDonald (1946-); incl. Cold As Ice, Feels Like the First Time, Long, Long Way from Home. Peter Frampton (1950-), I'm In You (album #5) (May 28); incl. I'm in You (#2 in the U.S.), Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours) (by Stevie Wonder). Jean Francaix (1912-97), Quintet for Clarinet and String Quartet. Kool and the Gang, The Force (album #11). Leif Garrett (1961-), Leif Garrett (album) (debut); incl. Runaround Sue. Bee Gees, Saturday Night Fever Soundtrack (album) (Nov.); sells 40M copies; incl. Stayin' Alive, How Deep is Your Love, Night Fever. Genesis, Seconds Out (double album) (Oct. 21) (#4 in the U.K.); incl. Squonk, Afterglow. Andy Gibb (1958-88), Flowing Rivers (album) (debut) (Sept.) (1M copies); first male solo artist in the U.S. to chart three consecutive #1 singles on the Billboard Hot 100; incl. I Just Want To Be Your Everything, (Love Is) Thicker Than Water (replaces his brothers' "Staying Alive" as #1 in the U.S., only to be replaced by "Night Fever"). Throbbing Gristle, United/Zyklon B Zombie (album) (debut); incl. United, Zyklon B Zombie; Second Annual Report (album #2) (Nov.); from Manchester, England, incl. Genesis P-Orridge (Neil Megson) (bass), Cosey Fanni Tutti (guitar), Peter "Sleazy" Christopherson, Chris Carter; launches industrial music. Herbie Hancock (1940-), The Herbie Hancock Trio (album); VSOP: The Quintet (album); VSOP: Tempest in the Colosseum; Sunlight (album). Roy Harper (1941-), Bullinamingvase (One of Those Days in England) (album #9); incl. One of Those Days in England. Emmylou Harris (1947-), Luxury Liner (album); incl. Luxury Liner. Procol Harum, Something Magic (album #10) (Mar.); incl. Something Magic; no new albums until 1991. Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), New Horizon (album); incl. Out of the Ghetto, It's Heaven to Me. Talking Heads, Talking Heads: 77 (album) (debut) (#97 in the U.S., #60 in the U.K.); from New York City, incl. David Byrne (1952-), Charlton Christopher "Chris" Frantz (1951-) (drums), Martina Michele "Tina" Weymouth (1950-) (bass), and Jeremiah Griffin "Jerry" Harrison (1949-) (keyboards); incl. Psycho Killer (#92 in the U.S.). Heart, Little Queen (album #2) (May 14) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. Little Queen, Barracuda (#11 in the U.S.) (written after their Mushroom Records label stages a stunt suggesting that they're lovers, getting Ann mad as a you know what to write the song); Magazine (album #3) (Apr.). Uriah Heep, Firefly (album #10); first with lead vocalist John Lawton (1946-) and bassist Trevor Bolder (1950-); Innocent Victim (album #11) (Nov.); incl. Free Me (#1 in New Zealand). Richard Hell (1949-) and The Voidoids, Blank Generation (album) (debut) (Sept.); incl. Blank Generation. Isley Brothers, Go For Your Guns (album); incl. The Pride, Pts. 1 & 2, Livin' in the Life. Paul Jabara (1948-92), Shut Out (album) (debut); incl. Shut Out (with Donna Summer), Dance. Millie Jackson (1944-), Feelin' Bitchy (album #7); incl. If You're Not Back in Love, Lick It Before You Stick It; Lovingly Yours (album #8); incl. Help Me Finish My Song. The Jam, In the City (Apr. 29) (debut); from Woking, Surrey, England, incl. Paul Weller (vocals, guitar), Bruce Foxton (bass), Steve Brookes (guitar), and Rick Buckler (drums); known for channeling The Who complete with suits and Rickenbacker guitars, call them 1960s British Invasion throwbacks; In the City, (album) (debut) (May 20); incl. Batman Theme, Slow Down (by Larry Williams); This Is the Modern World (album #2) (Nov. 18); incl. The Modern World. Ram Jam, Ram Jam (album) (debut); original name Starstruck; Myke Scavone (vocals), William "Bill" Bartlett (1946-) (guitar) (formerly of the Lemon Pipers), Pete Charles (drums), Howie Arthur Blauvelt (bass), and Jimmy Santoro (guitar); incl. 404, Black Betty (based on a song by Leadbelly). Billy Joel (1949-), The Stranger (album #5) (Sept.) (#2 in the U.S.); his breakthrough album; incl. The Stranger, Just the Way You Are, Movin' Out (Anthony's Song), Scenes From an Italian Restaurant, Everybody Has a Dream, Vienna, Get It Right the First Time, Only the Good Die Young ("Catholic girls start much too late"), She's Always a Woman. Elton John (1947-), Elton John's Greatest Hits Vol. II (album) (Sept. 13). Grace Jones (1948-), Portfolio (album) (debut); incl. I Need a Man, Sorry, That's the Trouble. Journey, Next (album #3) (Feb.); incl. Spaceman, Hustler, Nickel and Dime, I Would Find You. Kansas, Point of Know Return (album #5) (Oct. 11); incl. Dust in the Wind. The Kinks, Sleepwalker (album #15) (Feb. 25); Father Christmas, about a dept. store Santa Claus who is beat up by a gang of poor punks who demand money instead of toys; "Father Christmas, give us some money/ Don't mess around with those silly toys./ We'll beat you up if you don't hand it over./ We want your bread so don't make us annoyed./ Give all the toys to the little rich boys." Kiss, Love Gun (album #6) (June 30) (#4 in the U.S.); incl. Christine Sixteen (with Eddie and Alex Van Halen) (#25 in the U.S.); Alive II (album) (Oct. 14). Barron Knights, Live in Trouble (#7 in the U.K.). Kraftwerk, Trans-Europe Express (album #6) (Mar.); incl. Trans-Europe Express. Fela Kuti (1938-97), Zombie (album #27); attack on the Nigerian military, causing them to attack his Kalakuta Repub. commune and beat him; incl. Zombie. Patti LaBelle (1944-), Patti LaBelle (album) (Oct. 13) (solo debut after Nona Hendryx has a nervous breakdown); incl. You Are My Friend. Vicky Leandros (1949-), Vicky Leandros (album) (debut). Thin Lizzy, Bad Reputation (album #8) (Sept. 2) (#4 in the U.K.); incl. Bad Reputation, Dancing in the Moonlight (It's Caught Me in the Spotlight) (#14 in the U.S.). Meat Loaf (1947-2022), Bat Out of Hell (album) (Oct. 21) ; sells 40M+ copies; lyrics by Jim Steinman (1947-); guitar by Todd Rundgren; incl. Bat Out of Hell. You Took the Words Right Out of My Mouth (Hot Summer Night), Two Out of Three Ain't Bad, Paradise by the Dashboard Light (w/Ellen Foley), and I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That). Loggins and Messina, Finale (double album) (Jan.); The Best of Friends (album) (Nov.). Darlene Love (1941-) and the Blossoms, There's No Greater Love. Fleetwood Mac, Rumours (album #11) (Feb. 4) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.); sells 40M copies (#1 album for 1977); incl. Go Your Own Way (#10 in the U.S.), Dreams (their only #1 U.S. hit), Don't Stop (#3 in the U.S.), You Make Loving Fun (#9 in the U.S.), Second Hand News, Gold Dust Woman, The Chain. Chuck Mangione (1940-), Feels So Good; the flugelhorn player's first internat. hit. Barry Manilow (1943-), Barry Manilow Live (album #5) (Dec.). Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Exodus (album) (June 3); voted most important album of the 20th cent. in 1999 by Time mag.; incl. Natural Mystic, Exodus, Jamming, Waiting in Vain. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Short Eyes Soundtrack (album #9); incl. Short Eyes - Freak, Freak, Free Free; Never Say You Can't Survive (album #10); incl. All Night Long. Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings, Mull of Kintyre (Nov. 11); about his home in the SW end of the Kintyre Peninsula in SW Scotland, known for its lighthouse, and for the ability to see Britain and Ireland at the same time; all-time bestselling British single until 1984, and first to sell over 2M copies. Ronnie McDowell (1950-) The King Is Gone (#4 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder by Elvis singalike. Reba McEntire (1955-), Reba (album) (debut) (Aug.); a flop; incl. I Don't Wanna Be a One Night Stand. John Mellencamp (1951-), The Kid Inside (album); incl. Kid Inside, The Man Who Sold the World (written by David Bowie). Steve Miller Band, Book of Dreams (album #10) (May); incl. Jet Airliner. The Misfits, Cough/Cool (debut) (Aug.); horror punk pioneers from Lodi, N.J., incl. Glenn Danzig (Glenn Allen Anzalone) (1955-) (vocals), Jerry Only (Gerald Caiafa) (1959-) (bass) (inventor of the devilock a la Eddie Munster). Joni Mitchell (1943-), Don Juan's Reckless Daughter (double album #9) (Dec.). Eddie Money (1949-), Eddie Money (album) (debut) (#37 in the U.S.); incl. Baby Hold On (#11 in the U.S.), Two Tickets to Paradise (#22 in the U.S.), You've Really Got a Hold On Me. Van Morrison (1945-), A Period of Transition (album #9) (Apr.); first album in 2.5 years; incl. Flamingos Fly. Motorhead (Motörhead), Motörhead (album) (debut) (Sept. 24); from London, England, incl. Ian Fraser "Lemmy" Kilmister (-2015) (bass, vocals); incl. Motörhead, Lost Johnny, White Line Fever, Beer Drinkers and Hell Raisers (by ZZ Top). Roxy Music, Greatest Hits (album) (Nov.). Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Making a Good Thing Better (album #7); incl. Making a Good Thing Better. Paul Nicholas (1945-), Heaven on the 7th Floor (#6 in the U.S., #40 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder from England. Ted Nugent (1948-), Cat Scratch Fever (album #3); incl. Wang Dang Sweet Poontang, Cat Scratch Fever; Bastilla langelae? Laura Nyro (1947-97), Season of Lights (first live album) (June). Hall & Oates, No Goodbyes (album) (Feb. 18); Beauty on a Back Street (album #6) (Oct. 11). Alan O'Day (1940-2013), Undercover Angel (#1 in the U.S.); Skinny Girls (#1 in Australia); produced by Steve Barri (1943-). Roy Orbison (1936-88), Drifting Away/ Under Suspicion (Apr.). Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Freeways (album #5); incl. Can We All Come Together. Graham Parker (1950-) and the Rumour, Squeezing Out Sparks (album). Dolly Parton (1946-), Here You Come Again (album); incl. Here You Come Again (composed by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil) (#3 in the U.S.) (first crossover hit), Two Doors Down. Gary S. Paxton (1938-), More from the Astonishing, Outrageous, Amazing, Incredible, Unbelievable, Different World of Gary S. Paxton (album) (Apr. 1). Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), Teddy Pendergrass (album) (solo debut) (June 12); incl. I Don't Love You Anymore, The Whole Town's Laughing at Me. Village People, Village People (album) (debut); gay disco group from gay-friendly Greenwich Village, N.Y. created by gay French composer Jacques Morali (1947-91); incl. Victor Edward Willis (1951-) (policeman) (only non-gay), Felipe Ortiz Rose (1954-) (Amerindian chief), Randy Jones (1952-) (cowboy), David "Scar" Hodo (1947-) (construction worker), Glenn M. Hughes (1950-2001) (biker in leather), and Alexander "Alex" Briley (1951-) (military man); incl. San Francisco (You've Got Me) (#45 in the U.K). Sex Pistols, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols (album) (debut) (only album) (Oct. 27) (released on Virgin Records after EMI sacks them on Jan. 27, followed by A&M Records); incl. God Save the Queen (May 27) (#2 in the U.K.); released for Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee, but banned by the British media; calls the monarchy a "fascist regime", sneers at "England's dreaming", and says that England has "no future"; Pretty Vacant (July 1); Holidays in the Sun (Oct. 14). Pointer Sisters, Having a Party (album #4). The Police, Fall Out (debut); Sting (singer), Stewart Copeland (drummer), Andy Summers (guitar); sells 70K copies, boosted by dying their hair blond for a chewing gum commercial. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Enigmatic Ocean (album #16) (Sept. 1); incl. Enigmatic Ocean. Iggy Pop (1947-), The Idiot (album) (solo debut) (Mar. 18); co-written by David Bowie; title taken from the Dostoevsky novel; begins Bowie's Krautrock Berlin period; incl. Sister Midnight, Nightclubbing, China Girl; Lust for Life (album #2) (Aug. 29); incl. Lust for Life (riff is based on the Morse code opening to the Am. Forces Network News in Berlin) ("Here comes Johnny Yen again/ With the liquor and drugs/ And the flesh machine/ He's gonna do another striptease/ Hey man where'd you get/ That lotion? I been hurting/ Since I bought the gimmick/ About something called love"), The Passenger (inspired by a Jim Morrison poem that views modern life as a car journey), Tonight, Turn Blue. Elvis Presley (1935-77), Welcome to My World (album) (Mar.); My Way/ America the Beautiful (June); Moody Blue (last studio album) (July 19); incl. Moody Blue, Way Down/ Pledging My Love; Elvis In Concert (album) (Oct.). Billy Preston (1946-2006), A Whole New Thing (album #12) (July 14). Judas Priest, Sin After Sin (album #3) (Apr. 23); incl. Sinner, Diamonds and Rust (by Joan Baez). Pure Prairie League, Takin' the Stage (alubm #6) (#68 in the U.S.). Queen, News of the World (album #6) (Oct. 28); incl. We Are the Champions, We Will Rock You (becomes a stadium anthem), It's Late, Spread Your Wings, Sheer Heart Attack. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Rabbitt (album #3) (May 24); incl. We Can't Go On Living Like This, I Can't Help Myself. Rainbow, On Stage (album) (July 7). Bonnie Raitt (1949-), Sweet Forgiveness (album #6) (Apr.); incl. Runaway (by Max Crook and Del Shannon). The Ramones, Leave Home (album #2) (Jan. 10); incl. Pinhead, Gimme Gimme Shock Treatment; Rocket to Russia (album #3) (Nov. 4); incl. Sheena is a Punk Rocker, Teenage Lobotomy; It's Alive (double album). Helen Reddy (1941-), Ear Candy (album #9) (Apr.); incl. You're My World. Martha Reeves (1941-), For the Rest of My Life (album). Quiet Riot, Quiet Riot (album) (debut); from Los Angeles, Calif., incl. Kevin Mark DuBrow (1955-2007) (vocals), Randall William "Randy" Rhoads (1956-82) (guitar), Kelly Garni (1957-) (bass), and Drew Forsythe (drums). Kenny Rogers (1938-), Kenny Rogers (album #2); incl. Laura (What's He Got That I Ain't Got?), Lucille (#5 in the U.S.); Daytime Friends (album #3); incl. Sweet Music Man, Am I Too Late?; Ten Years of Gold (album). Bay City Rollers, It's a Game (by String Driven Thing) (#20 in the U.K.), You Made Me Believe in Magic (#34 in the U.K., #10 in the U.S., #4 in Germany). Linda Ronstadt (1946-), Simple Dreams (album #8); incl. Blue Bayou, It's So Easy. Rose Royce, Rose Royce II: In Full Bloom (album #2) (#9 in the U.S., #18 in the U.K.). Rufus featuring Chaka Khan (1953-), Ask Rufus (album #5) (Jan.) (#14 in the U.S.); incl. At Midnight (My Love Will Lift You Up) (#30 in the U.S.), Hollywood (#32 in the U.S.), Everlasting Love. The Runaways, Queens of Noise (album #2); incl. Queens of Noise, Born to Be Bad; Waitin' for the Night (album #3); Joan Jett replaces Cherie Currie, who goes solo; incl. Wasted, Waitin' for the Night. Rush, A Farewell to Kings (album #5) (Sept.) (#33 in the U.S.); first U.S. gold album; incl. A Farewell to Kings, Closer to the Heart, Xanadu. New Riders of the Purple Sage, Who Are Those Guys? (album #8); Marin County Line (album #9). Pharoah Sanders (1940-), Love Will Find a Way (album). Boz Scaggs (1944-), Down Two Then Left (album #8) (Nov.); incl. Tomorrow Never Came/Come; We're All Alone. The Scorpions, Taken by Force (album #5) (Jan.); incl. The Sails of Charon. Sandie Shaw (1947-), One More Night; Just a Disillusion; attempted comeback flops. Carly Simon (1945-), Nobody Does It Better; from the film "The Spy Who Loved Me". Lynyrd Skynyrd, Street Survivors (album #5) (Oct. 17); last by Allen Collins and Ronnie Van Zant; too bad, the group gets in a plane crash en route to Baton Rouge, La. on Oct. 20; incl. That Smell. Sister Sledge, Together (album #2). David Soul (1943-), Playing to an Audience of One (album); incl. Silver Lady, Don't Give Up On Us (#1 in the U.S.). REO Speedwagon, Live: You Get What You Pay For (double album). Starbuck, Everybody Be Dancin' (#38 in the U.S.). Ringo Starr (1940-), Ringo the 4th (album #6) (Sept. 30). Ringo Starr (1940-) et al., Scouse the Mouse (album) (Dec. 9); children's album. The Radio Stars, Dirty Pictures (Apr.); No Russians in Russia (Aug.); Nervous Wreck (Oct.) (#39 in the U.K.). from England, incl. Andy Ellison (vocals), Ian Macleod (guitar), Martin Gordon (bass), and Steve Parry/ Paul Simon (drums). Status Quo, Live! (double album); recorded in Glasgow on Oct. 27-29, 1976; Rockin' All Over the World (album #10) (Nov.); incl. Rockin' All Over the World. Cat Stevens (1948-), Izitso (album) (May 28); incl. Child for a Day. Rod Stewart (1945-), Foot Loose & Fancy Free (album #8) (Nov. 4) (#3 in the U.S.); incl. You're in My Heart (The Final Acclaim) (#4 in the U.S.), I Was Only Joking (#22 in the U.S.), Hot Legs (#28 in the U.S.), You Keep Me Hangin On. The Rolling Stones, Love You Live (double album) (Sept. 23). Barbra Streisand (1942-), Streisand Superman (album). Styx, The Grand Illusion (album #7) (July 7) (#6 in the U.S.); incl. The Grand Illusion ("So if you think your life is complete confusion 'cause your neighbor's got it made, just remember that it's a grand illusion and deep inside we're all the same"), Come Sail Away (#8 in the U.S.), Fooling Yourself (The Angry Young Man) (#29 in the U.S.), Miss America (slams the pageant). Donna Summer (1948-2012), I Remember Yesterday (album #5) (May 13); incl. I Remember Yesterday, I Feel Love, Love's Unkind, Back in Love Again; Once Upon a Time (double album) (album #6) (Oct. 31) (#1 in the U.S.); about a Cinderella rags-to-riches story; incl. Once Upon a Time, I Love You, Rumour Has It. Supertramp, Even in the Quietest Moments... (album #5) (Apr.) (#16 in the U.S.); recorded at Caribou Ranch Studios in Colo.; incl. Give a Little Bit (#15 in the U.S.), Fool's Overture. Air Supply, The Whole Thing's Started (album #2) (July); Love & Other Bruises (album #3); incl. Love and Other Bruises. James Taylor (1948-), Greatest Hits (album). George Thorogood (1950-) and The Destroyers, George Thorogood and the Destroyers (album) (debut); incl. One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer (first recorded in 1953 by Amos Milburn. Sir Michael Tippett (1905-98), The Ice Break (opera) (Royal Opera House, Covent Garden) (July 7); conducted by Sir Colin Rex Davis (1927-), to whom it is dedicated. The Four Tops, The Show Must Go On (album); incl. The Show Must Go On. Sanford and Townsend Band, <Smoke from a Distant Fire (#9 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder from Ala., incl. Ed Sanford and Johnny Townsend. T.Rex, Dandy in the Underworld (album #12) (last album) (Mar. 11) (#26 in the U.K.); incl. Dandy in the Underworld, I Love to Boogie, The Soul of My Suit. Cheap Trick, Cheap Trick (album) (Feb.) (debut); from Rockford, Ill., incl. Robin Zander (1953-) (vocals), Rick Nielsen (1948-) (guitar), Tom Petersson (1950-) (bass), Bun E. Carlos (1951-) (glasses/mustache) (drums); incl. Hot Love, ELO Kiddies; In Color (album #2) (Sept.); incl. I Want You to Want Me, Clock Strikes Ten; "Cheap Trick gained fame by twisting the Beatlesque into something shinier, harder, more American." (Los Angeles Times) Robin Trower (1945-), In City Dreams (album #5); incl. Sweet Wine of Love. Andrea True (1943-), White Witch (album #2); incl. N.Y., You Got Me Dancing (#27 in the U.S.), What's Your Name, What's Your Number (#4 in the U.K.). The Tubes, Now (album #3). Jethro Tull, Songs from the Wood (album #10) (Feb. 11); first with David Palmer. Hot Tuna, Flight Log 1966-1976 (album) (Jan. 7). Bonnie Tyler (1951-), The World Starts Tonight (album) (debut). Vangelis (1943-), Spiral (album). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Red Sails in the Sunset; Take Me. The Ventures, TV Themes (album) (Feb.). The Vibrators, Pure Mania (album) (debut) (June) (#49 in the U.K.); from England, incl. Ian "Knox" Carnochan, Pat Collier (bass), John Ellis (guitar), and John "Eddie" Edwards (drums); incl. Baby Baby, Stiff Little Fingers. Bobby Vinton (1935-), Only Love Can Break a Heart (#99 in the U.S.). Jennifer Warnes (1947-), Jennifer Warnes (album #4) (Jan.); incl. Right Time of the Night. Richard Wernick (1934-), Visions of Terror and Wonder (Pulitzer Prize). Dennis Wilson (1944-83), Pacific Ocean Blue (album). Steve Winwood (1948-), Steve Winwood (album) (debut) (June) (#22 in the U.S.). Bill Withers (1938-), Menagerie (album #6) (#39 in the U.S., #27 in the U.K.); incl. Lovely Day (#30 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Let's Get Together (One Last Time); One of a Kind. Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, CSN (album) (June 17); incl. Just a Song Before I Go. Yes, Going for the One (album #8) (July 22); incl. Awaken; Decade (album #9) (triple album) (Oct. 28). Neil Young (1945-), American Stars 'n Bars (album #10) (June 13); incl. Like a Hurricane. Movies: Jerry Jameson's Airport '77 (Mar. 11) has Flight 23 (Boeing 747) get hijacked by Monte Markham and Michael Pataki, hit an oil derrick and crash in the Bermuda Triangle, trapping the passengers underwater, causing brave Capt. Don Gallagher (Jack lemmon) to have to lead them to freedom; also stars Brenda Vaccaro as Lemmon's babe, Lee Grant, Joseph Cotten, Olivia de Havilland, James Stewart, George Kennedy, Darren McGavin and Christopher Lee. Robert M. Young's Alambrista! (The Fence Jumper) (Oct. 16) stars Domingo Ambriz as an illegal Mexican farm worker in Calif. Woody Allen's Annie Hall (Apr. 20), co-written by Marshall Brickman is his breakthrough film, chronicling the love affair of Manhattan comedian Alvy Singer (Allen) with nightclub singer Annie Hall (Diane Keaton), who answers a personals ad in the New York Review of Books saying "Thirtyish academic wishes to meet woman who's interested in Mozart, James Joyce, and sodomy"; her wardrobe starts a major fashion trend; Tony Roberts plays Woody's best friend Rob; Annie breaks it off and heads for Los Angeles and new lover Paul Simon; "I think that what we have on our hands is a dead shark" (Woody); although it's not a Hollywood film, it launches the careers of future Hollywood stars Jeff Goldblum, Shelley Duvall, Christopher Walken, and Sigourney Weaver; originally written as a murder mystery?; #9 grossing film of 1977 ($38.3M). Joan Micklin Silver's Between the Lines (Apr. 27) stars John Heard as Harry Lucas, and Lindsay Crouse as Abbie, whose underground Boston newspaper is about to be taken over by a big corp. David Hamilton's Bilitis (Oct.) tries to open the can of worms of forbidden fruit lesbianism for the young babe masses. Richard Attenborough's A Bridge Too Far (June 15) (Joseph E. Levine Productions) (United Artists), based on the 1974 book by Cornelius Ryan about ill-fated 1944 WWII Operation Market Garden and filmed in Deventer, Netherlands stars Dirk Bogarde as Lt. Gen. Frederick "Boy" Browning, Michael Caine as Lt. Col. J.O.E. Vandeleur, James Caan as Staff Sgt. Eddie Dohun, Edward Fox as Lt. Gen. Brian Horrocks, Elliott Gould as Col Robert Stout, Gene Hackman as Maj. Gen. Stanislaw Sosabowski, Anthony Hopkins as Lt. Col. John Frost, Sean Connery as Maj. Gen. Roy Urquhart, Ryan O'Neal as Brig. Gen. James Gavin, and Robert Redford as Maj. Julian Cook; #6 grossing film of 1977 ($50.8M box office on a $25M budget); "Well, as you know, I always felt we tried to go a bridge too far" (Dirk Bogarde); musical score by John Addison. Steven Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind (Nov. 16) (Columbia Pictures) is a quantum leap in sci-fi, starring Richard Dreyfuss as Roy Neary, Teri Garr as his wife, Melinda Dillon as a fellow believer, and French-speaking dir. Francois Truffaut as the govt. scientist investigating visiting ETs, who talk in lights and music; makes Devil's Tower Nat. Monument famous; #2 grossing film of 1977 ($128.2M U.S. and $306.1M worldwide on a $20M budget); first in a string of blockbusters by Steven Allan Spielberg (1946-); now aliens are intelligent, friendly, and just wanting to communicate and make friends. Sam Peckinpah's Cross of Iron (Jan. 28) (EMI Films) (ITC Entertainment) (Rapid Films GmbH), based on the 1956 novel "The Willing Flesh" by Willi Heinrich and shot in Yugoslavia with authentic tanks, about the Soviet attack on the German-held Kuban bridgehead in the Taman Peninsula in late 1943, showing the death throes of the Wehrmacht, starring James Coburn as Sgt. Rolf Steiner, Maximilian Schell as Capt. Stransky, James Mason as Col. Brandt, and David Warner as Col. Brandt; Peckinpah's first and only war film; big hit in Germany and Europe but tanks in the U.S.; makes fans of Orson Welles and Quentin Tarantino; followed by "Breakthrough" (1979); watch movie. Pierre Schoendoerffer's Le Crabe Tambour (The Drummer Crab) stars Jean Rochefort as famous French naval officer Pierre Guillaume, Claude Rich as Dr. Pierre, and Jacques Dufilho as Lt. Willsdorf (the Drummer Crab). Peter S. Traynor's Death Game (The Seducers) (Apr. 13) (First Am. Films) stars Seymour Cassel as a wealthy San Francisco businessman who invites a pair of young women (Sondra Locke, Colleen Camp) into his home to wait out an evening thunderstorm, and they seduce him then scare him about statutory rape before tying him up and torturing him; remade in 2015 as "Knock Knock" starring Keanu Reeves and Ana de Armas. Peter Yates' The Deep (June 17), based on the 1976 Peter Benchley novel about treasure hunters in Bermuda stars Robert Shaw as Romer Treece, Jacqueline Bisset as Gail Berke, Nick Nolte as David Sanders, and Louis Gossett Jr. as Henri Cloche; #10 grossing film of 1977 ($37M). Donald Cammell's Demon Seed (Apr. 8), based on the 1973 Dean Koontz horror novel stars Julie Christie and Fritz Weaver. Ridley Scott's The Duelists (Aug. 31), based on a story by Joseph Conrad stars Keith Carradine as Antoine D'Hubert, and Harvey Keitel as Feraud, two Napoleonic officers who have a lifelong dueling war; too bad, it bombs at the box office, so Scott goes back to the drawing boards and comes up with "Alien" in 1979. Kenji Mizoguchi's A Geisha (Jan. 22) set in 1953 Kyoto stars Michiyo Kogure as old geisha Michiyo Korgure, and Ayako Wakao as her pupil, young geisha Eiko. Herbert Ross' The Goodbye Girl (Nov. 30), written by Neil Simon stars Richard Dreyfuss as unemployed off-Broadway actor Elliot Garfield, and Marsha Mason as unemployed dancer Paul McFadden, whose boyfriend tells her goodbye, and has to move in with him, bringing along her 10-y.-o. daughter Lucy (Quinn Cummings). Ron Howard's Grand Theft Auto (June 16) is Opie's dir. debut, writing and starring in it. Wes Craven's The Hills Have Eyes (Vanguard) (July 22) starring creepy bald pointy-headed John Berryman as Pluto, James Whitworth as Papa Jupiter, Cordy Clark as Mama, Lance Gordon as Mars, and Arthur King as Mercury, a family of deranged inbred mutant cannibals who attack the Carter family at Fred's Oasis en route from Ohio to Los Angeles in a desert atomic test site, incl. Brenda Carter (Susan Lanier), Bobby Carter (Robert Houson), Lynne Wood (Dee Wallace); John Steadman plays Fred; helps give Dee Wallace her rep as a scream queen; does $25M box office on a $700K budget, becoming a cult classic; spawns sequels "The Hills Have Eyes Part II" (1984), "The Hills Have Eyes" (2006), "The Hills Have Eyes 2" (2007), "The Hills Have Eyes III (Mind Ripper)" (1995). Jules Bass's and Arthur Rankin Jr.'s The Hobbit (Nov. 27) is an animated TV movie based on the 1937 J.R.R. Tolkien novel, debuting on NBC-TV. William Sachs' The Incredible Melting Man (Dec. 9) stars Alex Rebar as astronaut Steve West, who is exposed to intense radiation on a space flight to Saturn, causing him to become a cannibal monster; good makeup, bad film?; "He seems to be getting stronger as he melts." Fred Zinnemann's Julia (Oct. 2), based on Lillian Hellman's 1973 book "Pentimento" stars Jane Fonda as Hellman, whose Jewish friend Julia (Vanessa Redgrave) goes on a dangerous mission to smuggle funds into Nazi Germany; Jason Robards plays Helmman's beau Dashiell Hammett, and Rosemary Murphy plays Dorothy Parker; the film debut of Meryl (Mary Louise) Streep (1949-); does $20.7M box office on a $7.8M budget. John Landis' The Kentucky Fried Movie (Aug. 10), a hilarious-to-some comedy flick written by David Zucker, Jerry Zucker and Jim Abrahams spoofing 1970s TV commercials, esp. Kung-fu movies, with cameos by George Lazenby, Tony Dow, Donald Sutherland, Bill Bixby et al.; "The popcorn you're eating has been pissed in - now, film at 11"; incl. the N-word-shouting Rex Kramer: Danger Seeker Spoof. Andrzej Wajda's Man of Marble (Feb. 25) stars Krystyna Janda as young Crakow woman Agnieszka, who makes a documentary of 1950s bricklayer Mateusz Birkut (Jerzy Radziwilowicz). Luis Bunuel's The Obscure Object of Desire (Le Charme Discret de la Bourgeoisie) (Oct. 8) stars Fernando Rey as Mathieu, who pours a bucket of water over the head of Conchita (Carole Bouquet and Angela Molina) for tempting him and never giving him any; acquires cult status among college viewers. Carl Reiner's Oh God! (Oct. 7) stars George Burns as the Comedian God, playing opposite straight man singer John Denver; "It's true. People have trouble remembering My Words. Moses had such a bad memory I had to give him tablets"; #5 grossing film of 1977 ($51M); spawns two sequels, Oh God! Book II (1980), and Oh God! You Devil (1984). Diane Kurys' Peppermint Soda (Diabolo Menthe) is the dir. debut of French dir. Diane Kurys (1948-), first in a series of semi-autobio. films. Kidlat Tahimik's The Perfumed Nightmare (June) is a comedy starring Tahimik as a Filipino who likes his jeepney but is lured by Voice of Am. broadcasts to go to Paris, only to discover there's no place like the Werner von Braun Fan Club; also stars Dolores Santamaria. Sidney Poitier's A Piece of the Action (Feb. 27) co-starring Bill Cosby and James Earl Jones is Poitier's last acting role until "Shoot to Kill" and "Little Nikita" in 1988. George Butler and Robert Fiore's Pumping Iron (Jan. 18) stars top bodybuilders Ahnuld (Arnold Schwarzenegger) and "Hulk" Lou Ferrigno competing for the Mr. Olympia title in Pretoria and showing how their brains are spongecake and how they love their bodies instead of babes, yet aren't gay? John Lounsbery's The Rescuers (June 22), based on the books by Margery Sharp is about two mice of the Rescue Aid Society, who rescue a little girl; stars the voices of Bob Newhart, Eva Gabor, and Geraldine Page; #7 grossing film of 1977 ($48.7M). John Badham's Saturday Night Fever (Dec. 14) (Paramount Pictures) (a dancical, with nobody singing?) takes the Disco Craze mainstream, starring John Travolta (1954-) as Brooklyn Bridge-loving "You know I'm a ladies' man by the way I use my walk" Brooklyn 2001 Odyssey disco king Tony Manero, and Karen Gorney as his dancing partner-babe Stephanie, dancing to the definitive disco tunes of the Aussie falsetto "I'm a man, can't you see what I am?" Bee Gees, plus the 1976 instrumental A Fifth of Beethoven by Walter Murphy and the Big Apple Band; based on a New York Mag. story by Nik Cohn; does $? on a $3.5M budget; they practice at the Phillips Dance Studio; the Galaxy 2000 contest awards a $500 first prize; Francine Joy "Fran" Drescher (1957-) in her film debut plays disco bunny Connie ("Are you as good in bed as you are on the dance floor?"); does $237.1M box office on a $3.5M budget; the sequel is Sylvester Stallone's 1983 stink bomb Staying Alive, which proves that disco is dead? Robert M. Young's Short Eyes, based on the 1974 Miguel Pinero play about a child molester's life in the New York City "Tombs" jail system stars Bruce Davison as Clark Davis, Jose Perez as Juan, Nathan George as Ice, Don Blakely as El Raheem, and Pinero as Go-Go. George Roy Hill's Slap Shot (Feb. 27), written by Nancy Dowd based on real-life experiences of her brother Ned stars Paul Newman as hockey coach Reggie "Reg" Dunlop, whose loser Charleston Chiefs team is being written off by its cynical owner until he hires the "goon" Hanson brothers (Steve Carlson, Jeff Carlson, David Hanson), who win by dirty tricks and near-homicidal bullying, playing to the adoring crowds, who come to see blood; Michael Ontkean (who turned a real contract down from the New York Rangers) plays lone quality player (Princeton grad) Ned Braden; Jerry Houser plays Dave "Killer" Carlson; Strother Martin plays mgr. Strother Martin; Paul D'Amato plays mean Tim "Dr. Hook" McCracken, who's "been known to carve a man's eye out with a flick of the wrist"; former pro hockey player Ned Dowd (a future film producer) plays rookie goon Ogie Oglethorpe, based on real-life player Bill "Harpo" Goldthorpe; the best hockey flick ever made?; "Dunlop, you suck cock"; "All I can get." Hal Needham's Smokey and the Bandit (May 19) (Universal Pictures) stars Burt Reynolds and Jerry Reed as beer runners Bo "Bandit" Darville and Cledus "Snowman" Snow, along with Sally Field as cute hitchhiker Carrie ("Frog"), who are chased by Sheriff Buford T. Justice of Portague County (Jackie Gleason); the theme song East Bound and Down is by Jerry Reed; #3 film of 1977, grossing $126.7M in the U.S. and $300M worldwide on a $4.3M budget. Paul Verhoeven's Soldier of Orange, set in the Netherlands during WWII stars Rutger Hauer and Jeroen Krabbe; move expensive Dutch film to date, and most popular film in the Netherlands this year. William Friedkin's Sorcerer (June 24), based on the Georges Arnaud about truckers transporting nitroglycerin has such a non-sequitur title that it almost kills William Friedkin's directing career? Lewis Gilbert's The Spy Who Loved Me (July 7) (7/7/77) (Eon Productions) (United Artists) (James Bond 007 film #10), based on the 1962 Ian Fleming novel stars Roger Moore as James Bond, Barbara Bach as Agent XXX Maj. Anya Amasova, Curt (Curd) Jurgens as bad guy Capt. Nemo wannabe Karl Stromberg, who wants to start a new civilization under the sea, and 7'2" Richard Kiel as steel-toothed henchman Jaws; the theme song is Nobody Does It Better by Marvin Hamlisch and Carole Bayer Sager, sung by Carly Simon; opens with a parachute jump off Mount Asgard in Greenland; #8 grossing film of 1977 ($46.8M U.S. and $185.4M worldwide on a $14M budget). Ed Hunt's Starship Invasions (Project Genocide) (War of the Aliens) (Oct. 14) stars Robert Vaughn as UFO expert Prof. Allan Duncan, who helps the bald telepathic League of Races save Earth from the Legion of the Winged Serpent led by Capt. Rameses (Christopher Lee); made on a $1M budget by Hal Roach Studios, just in time to throw it away to George Lucas and Steven Spielberg. Can a new Ruling Fairy Tale save the world, why not try it? On May 25 the blockbuster film Star Wars (Episode 4 of 6: A New Hope) (20th Cent. Fox) (filmed at Elstree Studios in England) (with 60 SFX shots) by dir.-writer George "the Maker" Lucas (1944-) debuts; ticket price is $2.25; "May the Force be with you" joins the lexicon; the Western world gets a new uber-myth called the Force, which neatly bypasses the Bible and other organized religions without directly dissing them and even paying homage to their common grounding in ancient myths, while enshrining Science and Technology firmly above all possible Inquisitions; morphs sci-fi into the comic book realm, with dime-store philosophy added for emphasis to create a near-religious consumer cult (if only they can find a power source for all those gizmos and ships?); Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Han Solo, Chewbacca the Wookie, the Millennium Falcon ("make it look like a hamburger" - Lucas), Darth Vader, Storm Troopers; Carrie Fisher gets the part of Princess Leia after first choice Jodie Fisher can't get out of her Disney contract; Sir Alec Guinness plays Obi-Wan Kenobe, and talks Lucas into killing him off because he hates the psychobabble lines, but makes a mint, allowing him to pick and choose roles; English 6'6" bodybuilder David Charles Prowse (1935-2020) wears the Darth Vader costume but his Bristol accent doesn't cut it, so James Earl Jones makes $7K for his voiceover role as Darth Vader after Orson Welles is turned down for having a voice that is too recognizable; Lucas has to beg 20th Cent. Fox for more money for special effects, but he scores big by retaining ownership of the 6-film series and merchandising; #1 grossing film of 1977, with $460.9M at the domestic box office and $775.4M worldwide on an $11M budget; spawns 250M action figures made through 1985; $4.5B of Star Wars merchandise is eventually sold (about what the U.S. spends each year on its real Star Wars program by the 21st cent.); "The Force is what gives the Jedi his power. It's an energy field created by all living things. It surrounds us and penetrates us. It binds the galaxy together"; "Do or do not, there is no try" first of the 6-film Star Wars Series; Lucas later utters the soundbyte; "How do democracies get turned into dictatorships? The democracies aren't overthrown; they're given away... Star Wars was really about the Vietnam War." Robert Altman's Three Women (Apr. 3) stars Sissy Spacek, Shelly Duvall, and Janice Rule as young women who hang out together at a bar and exchange personalities until they find a new life. Plays: Edward Albee (1928-2016), Counting the Ways and Listening (1-act play). Howard Brenton (1942-), Epsom Downs. Ed Bullins (1935-), Daddy! (New Federal Theater, New York) (June 9). Martin Charnin (1934-), Charles Strouse (1928-), and Thomas Meehan, Annie (musical) (Alvin Theatre, New York) (Apr. 21) (2,377 perf.); based on the Harold Gray comic strip "Little Orphan Annie"; set in 1933; stars Andrea McArdle as Annie, Reid Shelton as Daddy Warbucks, Dorothy Loudon as Miss Hannigan, and Sandy Faison as Grace Farrell; filmed in 1982; features the songs Little Girls, It's a Hard Knock Life, Tomorrow, and You're Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile. Alice Childress (1920-94), Sea Island Song (Gullah). Michael Cook (1933-94), On the Rim of the Curve. Michael Cristofer (1945-), The Shadow Box (Pulitzer Prize) (Morosco Theatre, New York) (Mar. 31) (315 perf.); three terminal cancer patients in a hospice; stars Laurence Luckinbill. Hamilton Deane (1880-1958) and John L. Balderston (1889-1954), Dracula (Martin Beck Theatre, New York) (Oct. 20) (925 perf.); the 1924 play by Hamilton Deane as revised in 1927 by John L. Balderston; stars Frank Langella, who stars in the 1979 film version. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Consulting Room; The Perch; Rolls Hyphen Royce. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), The Night of the Tribades (Lesbians) (Helen Hayes Theatre, New York) (Oct. 12) (12 perf.); written in 1974; stars Max von Sydow as August von Strindberg, also Bibi Andersson, Eileen Atkins, and Werner Klemperer. Dario Fo (1926-), All House, Bed, and Church. Horton Foote (1916-), Night Seasons. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Lolita in the Garden; Fefu and Her Friends; the audience is divided into groups representing different locations in and around a New England country house and listen to an all-female cast deliver feminist monologues. Michael Frayn (1933-), Alphabetical Order; his first hit; Donkeys' Years. Pam Gems (1925-), Franz Into April (Inst. of Contemporary Art, London); Queen Christina (Other Place, Stratford-upon-Avon). William Gibson (1914-2008), Golda; stars Anne Bancroft; based on personal conversations with her; too bad, the 20+-person cast takes the drama away and it flops, and in 2002 Gibson reduces it the monologue "Golda's Balcony". Simon Gray (1936-2008), Otherwise Engaged; stars Alan Bates as publisher Simon Hench. John Guare (1938-), Landscape of the Body; absurdist play set in New York City involving a decapitation; Marco Polo Sings a Solo. Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr. (1930-), The Middle Ages. Albert Innaurato (1947-), Gemini (Playwrights Horizons, New York) (Dec. 8) (Little Theatre, New York) (May 21, 1977) (1,819 perf.); stars new star Daniel Louis "Danny" Aiello (1933-) as Harvard student Francis Geminiani with a working class South Philly background and confused sexual orientation celebrating his 21st birthday in summer 1973 with his dysfunctional family, incl. his father Fran, Fran's widowed girlfriend Lucille, her obese son Herschel, neighbor Bunny Weinberger, and wealthy WASP siblings Judith and Randy Hastings; filmed in 1980 by Richard Benner as "Happy Birthday, Gemini". David Mamet (1947-), A Life in the Theatre (Theater de Lys, New York) (Oct. 20) (288 perf.); stars Ellis Rabb, Peter Evans; Reunion; The Water Engine (Public Theatre, New York) (Dec. 20) (63 perf.); inventor Charles Lang (played by Dwight Schultz) refuses to sell his electroyltic carburetor invention in 1934 and is murdered; based on real-life inventors Henry "Dad" Garrett and Charles H. Garrett. Emily Mann (1952-), Annulla Allen: Autobiography of a Survivor (first play); concentration camp survivors. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), The Bells of Hell. Marsha Norman (1947-), Getting Out (first play); a woman leaves prison and reenters society. Rochelle Owens (1936-), The Widow and the Colonel (New York). Kenneth Patchen (1911-72), Patchen's Lost Plays (posth.). Bernard Pomerance (1940-), The Elephant Man (Hampstead Theatre, London) (Nov. 11); stars David Schofield as John Merrick (1862-90). Reynolds Price (1933-), Early Dark. Gerome Ragni (1935-91) and James Rado (1932-), Jack Sound and His Dog Star Blowing His Final Trumpet on the Day of Doom (Ensemble Studio Theater, New York) (43 perf.). Terence Rattigan (1911-77), Cause Celebre (last play); based on the true story of Alma Rattenbury, who was acquitted in 1935 of murdering her 30-year-older hubby, after which her 18-y.-o. lover George Stoner is convicted and sentenced to hang, causing her to commit suicide without learning that his sentence had been reduced to life. Ronald Ribman (1932-), Cold Storage (Lyceum Theatre, New York) (Dec. 12) (227 perf.); stars Martin Balsam, Len Cariou. Anthony Shaffer (1926-2001), Whodunnit (The Case of the Oily Levantine). Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), A Photograph: Lovers-in-Motion (Public Theatre, New York); A Photograph: A Study of Cruelty; Where the Mississippi Meets the Amazon. Neil Simon (1927-2018), Chapter Two (Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles) (Oct. 7) (Imperial Theatre, New York) (Dec. 4) (Eugene O'Neill Theatre, New York) (Jan. 1979) (857 perf.); semi-autobio. play, starring Cliff Gorman as recently widowed novelist George Schneider, who hooks up with divorced soap opera actress Jennie Malone (Anita Gillette); also stars Judd Hirsch as George, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye; filmed in 1979 starring James Caan and Simon's 2nd wife Marsha Mason. Stephen Sondheim (1930-), Side by Side by Sondheim (musical review) (Music Box Theatre, New York) (Apr. 18) (Morosco Theatre, New York) (384 perf.); the entire cast is nominated for Tony Awards. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Every Good Boy Deserves Favour. Cecil Philip Taylor (1929-81), Bandits (Royal Shakespeare Co.). Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), La Detonacion (The Shot). Paula Vogel (1951-), Meg. Derek Walcott (1930-), Remembrance. Wendy Wasserstein (1950-2006), Uncommon Women and Others (first play); five women grads from Mount Holyoke College have a reunion. Arnold Wesker (1932-), Shylock (AKA The Merchant) (New York); Zero Mostel (b. 1915) dies after the first performance, causing Wexler to pub. The Birth of Shylock and the Death of Zero Mostel: The Diary of a Play in 1997. Patrick White (1912-90), Big Toys (Parade Theatre, Sydney) (July 27); adapted into a 1980 TV movie. Tennessee Williams (1911-83), Vieux Carre (Carré) (New York) (5 perf.); set in the French Quarter of New Orleans; so much like "The Glass Menagerie" that critics pan it as the work of a glue horse? George Woodcock (1912-95), Two Plays: The Island of Demons and Six Dry Cakes for the Hunted. Paul Zindel (1936-2003), Ladies at the Alamo. Poetry: Vicente Aleixandre (1898-1977), Twenty Poems. Archie Randolph Ammons (1926-2001), The Snow Poems. John Ashbery (1927-2017), Houseboat Days; incl. "Street Musicians", "Wet Casements", "The Other Tradition", "What Is Poetry". Nanni Balestrini (1935-), La Ballate della Signorina Richmond. Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Collected Poems in French. John Berryman (1914-72), Harry's Fate and Other Poems, 1967-1972 (posth.); his last load. Frank Bidart (1939-), Golden State. Earle Birney (1904-95), The Damnation of Vancouver. Robert Bly (1926-2021), This Body is Made of Camphor and Gopherwood. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), Historia de la Noche (History of the Night). Joseph Brodsky (1940-96), A Part of Speech. Rene Char (1907-88), Chants de la Balandrane. Billy Collins (1941-), Pokerface (debut). Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Myself; Thanks. Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), Signalbook. Barry Gifford (1946-), A Quinzaine in Return for a Portrait of Mary Sun. Nikki Giovanni (1943-), Cotton Candy on a Rainy Day (Dec. 31). Peter Handke (1942-), Strolling Comes to an End. Michael S. Harper (1938-), Images of Kin. Anthony Hecht (1923-2004), Millions of Strange Shadows; incl. "Apprehensions". Bill Knott (1940-), Selected and Collected Poems. Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Covenant; Selected Poems of Irving Layton (July). Robert Lowell (1917-77), Day by Day (last vol.); a "verse autobio." W.S. Merwin (1927-), The Compass Flower (Feb.). Howard Nemerov (1920-91), The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov (Nov. 30) (Pulitzer Prize) (Nat. Book Award); "Here he is with all his runes about him." (Victor Howes) Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), A Good Journey. Rochelle Owens (1936-), The Joe Chronicles II. Stanley Plumly (1939-), Out-of-the-Body Travel; an iron lung as a miraculous vehicle? John Ross (1938-2011), 12 Songs of Love and Ecocide. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Natural Disasters and Other Festive Occasions. Charles Simic (1938-), Charon's Cosmology. Dave Smith (1942-), In Dark, Sudden with Light. W.D. Snodgrass (1926-2009), The Fuehrer Bunker. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), White Sail; Sulpiciae Elegidia: Elegiacs of Sulpicia. Gary Soto (1952-), The Element of San Joaquin (debut); "When the season ends,/ And the onions are unplugged from their sleep,/ We won't forget what you failed to see,/ And nothing will heal/ Under the rain's broken fingers." Gerald Stern (1925-), Lucky Life; "I am light and weightless from being a vegetarian and she/ is that way from being dead; we are both bloodless/ from having been sucked dry; we are both exhausted from/ too many loves and too much wasted silk." James Tate (1943-) and Bill Knott, Lucky Darryl. David Wagoner (1926-), Collected Poems, 1956-1976. Diane Wakoski (1937-), Waiting for the King of Spain; incl. "To the Thin and Elegant Woman Who Resides Inside of Alix Nelson". C.K. Williams (1936-), With Ignorance; known for its extra-long lines. George Woodcock (1912-95), Anima, or Swann Grown Old: A Cycle of Poems. Charles Wright (1935-), China Trace. James Arlington Wright (1927-80), To a Blossoming Pear Tree (last vol.); incl. "With the Shell of a Hermit Crab", "Beautiful Ohio". Novels: Kobo Abe (1924-93), Secret Rendezvous (Mikkai). Walter Abish (1931-), In the Future Perfect (short stories). Richard Adams (1920-2016), Plague Dogs; The Adventures & Brave Deeds of the Ship's Cat on the Spanish Maine: Together with the Most Lamentale Losse of the Alcestis & Triumphant Firing of the Port of Chagres. Catherine Aird (1930-), Parting Breath. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), Brothers of the Head; about rockers who are conjoined twins; filmed in 2006. Henry Allard and James Marshall, Miss Nelson is Missing!; illustrations by Marshall. Jorge Amado (1912-2001), Tieta of Agreste, the Goat Girl. Eric Ambler (1909-98), Send No More Roses (The Siege of the Villa Lipp). Raymond Andrews (1934-91), Appalachee Red (first novel) (Dec. 31); winner of the first James Baldwin Prize for fiction; a young black woman hooks up with a white man while her hubby is in jail, and has child you know who, who is sent north to get an education, but returns to confront his daddy and rural E Ga. hometown. Jay Anson, The Amityville Horror: A True Story (Sept.; bestseller based on alleged paranormal experiences of the Lutz family; filmed in 1979. Piers Anthony (1934-), A Spell for Chameleon (Sept.); first in his "Xanth" series. Hubert Aquin (1929-77), Blocs Erratiques. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Dancing Girls (short stories). Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Dark Lady. Richard Bach (1936-), Illusions: the Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah; the author encounters a modern messiah who decides to quit. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), Injury Time. Toni Cade Bambara (1939-95), The Sea Birds Are Still Alive: Collected Stories. Russell Banks (1940-), Hamilton Stark (Dec. 31); a N.H. pipefitter evicts his mother from a house and moves in. Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), The Grand Wheel; about Randomatics prof. Cheyne Scarne, who is selected to represent humanity in a card game with infinitely varying rules. Thomas Berger (1924-), Who is Teddy Villanova?; detective novel satire about a hardluck P.I. in New York City; Arthur Rex: A Legendary Novel (Dec. 31); his take on the King Arthur legend. Lady Caroline Blackwood (1931-96), Great Granny Webster. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Ocean Suivi de Murmures. Robert Bloch (1917-94), The King of Terrors (short stories); Cold Chills (short stories). Judy Blume (1938-), Starring Sally J. Freedman as Herself. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986), Nuevos Cuentos de Bustos Domecq (short stories). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), L'Armoire. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), Dreaming of Babylon: A Private Eye Novel 1942. Frederick Buechner (1926-), Telling the Truth: The Gospel As Tragedy, Comedy, and Fairy Tale; Treasure Hunt; #3 in the Bebb Tetralogy. Eugene Burdick (1918-65) and William Lederer (1912-), The Deceptive American. Sheila Burnford (1918-84), Bel Ria: Dog of War. William S. Burroughs Jr. (1914-97), Prakiti Junction (unfinished). Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Mind of My Mind. Michel Butor (1926-), Troisieme Dessous. Hortense Calisher (1911-2009), On Keeping Women; a 37-y.-o. mother of four struggles with her identity as a woman. John le Carre (1931-2020), The Honourable Schoolboy; #2 in the Karla Trilogy; Gerald "Jerry" Westerby. Angela Carter (1940-92), The Passion of New Eve. John Cheever (1912-82), Falconer; prof. Ezekiel Farragut is imprisoned in Conn. for murder, and redeems himself via a gay affair - come on, spit it right out? Agatha Christie (1890-1976), An Autobiography (posth.) (Nov.). Mary Higgins Clark (1927-), A Stranger is Watching; Ronal Thompson is accused of killing Nina Peterson and has 52 hours to prove his innocence before being executed. J.M. Coetzee (1940-), In the Heart of the Country; a rebellious horny sheepfarmer's daughter. Jackie Collins (1937-2015), Lovers and Gamblers; rock & roll superstar Al King and beauty queen Dallas. Robin Cook (1940-), Coma; bestseller about four medical students who discover that the senior doctors are putting patients in a coma then harvesting their body parts for the black market; Harvard Medical School surgeon nvents the medical thriller, combining fact and fantasy, giving readers a glimpse inside the weird world of medicine plus a lesson on freakiness. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Girl. Susan Cooper (1935-), Silver on the Tree; Dark Is Rising #5 of 5 (first in 1965). Robert Coover (1932-), The Public Burning; Richard Nixon narrates the story of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and their 1953 execution; major publishers had refused it for fear of libel suits. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), I Am the Cheese; Adam Farmer of Ruterburg, Vt. E.V. Cunningham (Howard Fast) (1914-2003), The Case of the One-Penny Orange; Masao Masuto #2. Douglas Day (1932-2004), Journey of the Wolf (first novel); Spanish Civil War vet Sebastian Resales returns to his native Spain and kills a Gypsy. Didier Decoin (1945-), John l'Enfer. Don DeLillo (1936-), Players; Lyle and Pammy Wyant explore the dark side of affluence. Philip K. Dick (1928-82), A Scanner Darkly; set in dystopian drug-soaked Orange County, Calif. in June 1994, where hi-tech police snoop 24/7; filmed in 2006. Joan Didion (1934-2021), A Book of Common Prayer; an Am. woman comes to a dirt-poor Caribbean island country, and her son becomes a revolutionary. Joseph DiMona (1923-99), The Benedict Arnold Connection. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), The Destinies of Darcy Dancer, Gentleman; 18th cent. Irish picaresque novel. Margaret Drabble (1939-), The Ice Age; uncanny prediction of the Margaret Thatcher era, starring Anthony Keating of Yorkshire. Maurice Druon (1918-2009), Quand un Roi Perd la France (Les Rois Maudits, vol. 7). Allen Drury (1918-98), Anna Hastings; Return to Thebes (Feb.); the Egyptian 18th Dynasty incl. Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and King Tutankhamen. Andre Dubus (1936-99), Adultery and Other Choices (short stories). John Gregory Dunne (1932-2003), True Confessions (Aug. 31); his first bestseller, about the Irish Catholic Spellacy family in 1940s Los Angeles; filmed in 1981. William Eastlake (1917-97), The Long, Naked Descent into Boston. James T. Farrell (1904-79), Olive and Mary Anne. Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Immigrants; Italian-Am. Dan Lavette survives the San Francisco earthquake and becomes wealthy in the shipping industry, getting hooked up with Irish and Chinese families. Jonathan Fast (1948-), The Secrets of Synchronicity (first novel); son of Howard Fast (1914-2003). Jules Feiffer (1929-), Ackroyd (May 14); parody of Raymond Chandler novels that gets into metaphysical identity issues. Timothy Findley (1930-2002), The Wars; WWI Canadian officer Robert Ross. Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000), The Golden Child (first novel); the golden treasure of the Garamantes is unearthed in 1913; written for her hubby Desmond, who's dying of cancer. John Fowles (1926-), Daniel Martin; Hollywood screenwriter returns to his native England; "What it is like to be English in the late 20th century." Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), Gadget; a nuke. Marilyn French (1929-2009), The Women's Room (first novel); bestseller about middle class women piling up injustices from men and male society, incl. Mira and Val, who utters the soundbyte "All men are rapists". Romain Gary (1914-80), Your Ticket Is No Longer Valid (Mar.). Winston Graham (1908-2003), The Angry Tide: A Novel of Cornwall, 1789-1799; Poldark Saga #7. Gunter Grass (1927-), The Flounder (Der Butt); an immortal fisherman catches an immortal fish in the Stone Age on the site of future Danzig and develop a thing. Shirley Ann Grau (1929-), Evidence of Love; patriarch Edward, his son Stephen and Stephen's wife Lucy. Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Returning to Earth; 45-y.-o. Donald of Mich. has Lou Gehrig's disease, and practices Harrison's Five Rules for Zestful Living: eat well, pursue love and sex, welcome animals into your life, live in territory rather than light out for it, love the detour. Mark Helprin (1947-), Refiner's Fire: The Life and Adventures of Marshall Pearl, a Foundling (first novel); born off the coast of Palestine in 1947, he goes to Harvard, works on a British merchant ship, and ends up as an Israeli soldier in the Yom Kippur War. George V. Higgins (1939-99), Dreamland. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), Edith's Diary; mentally-ungluing housewife Edith Howland, who lives on Grove St. in Manhattan and knits for her imaginary grandchildren while her son Cliffe tries to murder family cat Mildew. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Endangered Species. Syd Hoff (1912-2004), Henrietta Lays Some Eggs; followed by "Henrietta's Halloween" (1980), "Happy Birthday, Henrietta!" (1983). Alice Hoffman (1952-), Property of (first novel) (Mar. 31); a lonely girl wants to become the you know what of a local gangleader. Richard Hooker (H. Richard Hornberger) (1924-97), M*A*S*H Mania. P.D. James (1920-), Death of an Expert Witness; Adam Dalgliesh #6. Gayl Jones (1949-), White Rat and Other Stories. Ismail Kadare (1936-), The Great Winter; flatters Albanian dictator Enver Hoxha to avoid persecution? Thomas Keneally (1935-), A Season in Purgatory; Tito's WWII partisans. Elias Khoury (1948-), The Little Mountain. Stephen King (1947-), The Shining; inspired by a visit to the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colo.; title comes from John Lennon's "Instant Karma" line "We all shine on"; his first hardback bestseller; filmed by Stanley Kubrick in 1980, and adapted into a TV miniseries in 1997; Jack Torrance, his wife Wendy and son Danny winter at the Overlook Hotel; Jack gets a little cabin fever, while psychic hotel chef Dick Hallorann tries to help Wendy and Danny; July 4, 1921. Dean Koontz (1945-), The Face of Fear; pub. under alias Brian Coffey. Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), Blind Date. Larry Kramer (1935-), Faggots (Dec. 31) (first novel); screenwriter Fred Lemish at the Everard Baths in New York City, and his elusive boyfriend Dinky Adams; dissed by the gay community for its portrayal of shallow promiscuous gay sex sans awareness of HIV. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Unknown Man No. 89; The Hunted. Wyndham Lewis (1882-1957), Mrs. Duke's Millions (posth).; written in 1908-9. Penelope Lively (1933-), The Road to Lichfield (first novel). Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), Tell Me Now and Again. Mario Vargas Llosa (1936-), Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter; his 1st wife Julia Urquidi. Lois Lowry (1937-), A Summer to Die (first novel); launches her children's writing career. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Seawitch. Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), The Harafish. David Malouf (1934-), An Imaginary Life. Wallace Markfield (1926-2002), Multiple Orgasms; first person narrative about a women having you know what; "I found it awfully tiresome after awhile, though I never find women tiresome, but she became just a great bore to me. After about 175 pages or so, I just gave up. It was getting nowhere"; pub. only 300 copies. Bruce Marshall (1899-1987), The Yellow Streak. Francis Van Wyck Mason (1901-78), Guns for Rebellion. William Keepers Maxwell Jr. (1908-2000), Over the River and Other Stories (short stories). Ed McBain (Evan Hunter) (1926-2005), Long Time No See (Aug. 31); a blind couple is murdered, and the only clue is a 10-y.-o. nightmare of a Vietnam vet. Colleen McCullough (1937-), The Thorn Birds; Meggie Cleary hooks up with Father Ralph de Briccasart in the 1915 Australian outback at sheep station Drogheda, and he has to decide whether to pluck "the forbidden rose" or go for cardinal; turned into a 1983 TV miniseries starring Rachel Ward and Richard Chamberlain. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Flynn. James Alan McPherson (1943-), Elbow Room (short stories); (Pulitzer Prize); 2nd African-Am. to win a Pulitzer, and first to win for fiction. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Ends and Means. Steven Millhauser (1943-), Portrait of a Romantic (Aug. 11); Edwin Mulhouse from ages 11-15. David Morrell (1943-), Last Reveille (Feb. 28); wilderness fighter Miles Calendar vs. Pancho Villa. Toni Morrison (1931-2019), Song of Solomon; Milkman Dead searches for a missing treasure along with his black identity and heritage; first Book-of-the-Month Club selection by an African-Am. since Richard Wright's "Native Son" (1940). Marcia Muller (1944-), Edwin of the Iron Shoes; first in a series about female San Francisco P.I. Sharon McCone. Mohiuddin Nawab, Devta; Urdu fantasy story pub. monthly for 33 years in "Suspense Digest" in Pakistan, reaching a total of 11.2M words. Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), Kith. Anais Nin (1903-77), Delta of Venus (posth.); 15 short stories written in the 1940s for a private collector of erotica; filmed in 1994. Larry Niven (1938-) and Jerry Pournelle (1933-), Lucifer's Hammer (June 30); a giant comet hits Earth, causing a new Ice Age. David Nobbs (1935-), The Return of Reginald Perrin; Reginald Perrin #2. William Francis Nolan (1928-) and George Clayton Johnson (1929-), Logan's World; #2 in the Logan Trilogy (1967, 1980). Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Mauritius Command; Aubrey-Maturin #4. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Johnny I Hardly Knew You (July 13). Edith Pargeter (1913-95), Afterglow and Nightfall; A Morbid Taste for Bone; first in a series of 20 novels about crime-solving 12th cent. Welsh Benedictine monk Cadfael of Shrewsbury during the English Civil War between Empress Maud (1102-67) and Stephen of Blois (1096-1154), pub. under the alias Ellis Peters, which makes her a late-blooming star via the cool Brother Cadfael BBC radio and TV series (1994-8) starring Sir Derek Jacobi and filmed in medieval-looking Hungary. Katherine Paterson (1932-), Bridge to Terabithia (Oct. 20); fifth-graders Jesse Aarons and Leslie Burke have big imaginations; illustrations by Donna Diamond. Walker Percy (1916-90), Lancelot; a New Orleans man murders his unfaithful wife and her lover and ends up in a mental institution. Sylvia Plath (1932-63), Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (short stories) (posth.). Francine Prose (1947-), Marie Laveau. Jean Raspail (1925-), Boulevard Raspail. Angelo Rinaldi (1940-), Les Dames de France. Judith Rossner (1935-2005), Attachments. Philip Roth (1933-2018), The Professor of Desire; prof. David Kepesh dips into carnal adventure. Nelly Sachs (1891-1970), Gedichte (posth.). Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Le Lit Defait (The Unmade Bed). Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Marlow Chronicles; The Second Deadly Sin. Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), La Que no Tiene Nombre (That Which Has No Name). Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Manual of Painting and Calligraphy. Thomas Savage (1915-), I Heard My Sister Speak My Name; semi-autobio. novel about a woman searching for her birth mother who gave her up for adoption as an infant. Erich Segal (1937-2010), Oliver's Story; sequel to "Love Story" (1970); Oliver meets Joanna Stein then Marcie Binnendale, whom he concludes is "a cold and heartless bitch" for condoning child labor. Maurice Sendak (1928-), Seven Little Monsters. Mary Lee Settle (1918-2005), Blood Tie (June 30); a group of expatriates living in Turkey. Irwin Shaw (1913-84), Beggarman, Thief; sequel to "Rich Man, Poor Man" (1970). Sidney Sheldon (1917-2007), Bloodline. Leslie Marmon Silko (1948-), Ceremony (first novel); Native Am. WWII vet Tayo goes alcoholic and gets help from shaman Betonie. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), Day-Dream Communique; Big John and the Stars. John Thomas Sladek (1937-2000), Keep the Giraffe Burning (short stories). Danielle Steel (1947-), Passion's Promise. Bruce Sterling (1954-), Involution Ocean (first novel); Moby Dick in space? Peter Hillsman Taylor (1917-94), In the Miro District and Other Stories; incl. "The Captain's Son", "The Hand of Emmagene". Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), Orpheus in Hell. Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Westfield. J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973), The Silmarillion (posth.); ed. Christopher Tolkien; mythical background to "The Lord of the Rings". Lucian K. Truscott IV (1946-), Dress Gray; besteller by West Point Class of 1969 grad exposes sexism, secrecy, and homophobia via a murder coverup; filmed in 1986. Anne Tyler (1941-), Earthly Possessions; a woman is about to leave her husband and is taken hostage by a bank robber, hooking up with him. Peter De Vries (1910-93), Madder Music. Joseph Wambaugh (1937-), The Black Marble (Dec. 31); LAPD detective A.A. Valnikov and his partner Natalie Zimmerman investigate dog-nappers. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), A Place to Come To (last novel) (Feb. 11); Jed Tewksbury, a a 60-y.-o. classics scholar from Ala. reflects on his rise from poverty via superior intellect. Benjamin J. Wattenberg (1933-) and Ervin S. Duggan, Against All Enemies. Fay Weldon (1931-), Little Sisters. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Young Man Said. Terence Hanbury White (1906-64), The Book of Merlyn (posth.). Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), The Sweets of Pimlico (first novel). Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), Cosmic Trigger I: The Final Secret of the Illuminati. Richard Wright (1908-60), American Hunger. Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), Hail the Conquering Hero. Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87), Archives du Nord; vol. 2 of "The Labyrinth of the World". Births: Am. chef Graham Elliot (Bowles) on Jan. 4 in Seattle, Wash. Am. "Samuel Screech Powers in Saved By the Bell" actor (Jewish) Dustin Neil Diamond (d. 2021) on Jan. 7 in San Jose, Calif. Am. "The Rock in The Flying Scissors" actor Devin Ratray on Jan. 11 in New York City.; son of Peter Ratray (1941-). English "Legolas in Lord of the Rings", "Will Turner in Pirates of the Caribbean" actor Orlando Jonathan Blanchard Bloom on Jan. 13 in Canterbury, Kent. Am. "Miss Congeniality 2" actress Regina King on Jan. 15 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. singer-actor Joseph Anthony "Joey" Fatone Jr. (NSYNC) on Jan. 28 in Brooklyn, N.Y. Japanese auto racer Takuma Sato on Jan. 28 in Tokyo. Am. "Della Bea Robinson in Ray", "Olivia Pope in Scandal" actress (black) Kerry Marisa Washington on Jan. 31 in Bronx, N.Y.; educated at George Washington U. Puerto Rican "Gasolina" reggaeton singer Daddy Yankee (Ramon Luis Ayala Rodriguez) on Feb. 3 in Rio Piedras, San Juan. Am. 6'4" football hall-of-fame WR (black) (Minnesota Vikings #84, 1998-2004) Randy Gene Moss on Feb. 13 in Rand, W. Va.; educated at Marshall College. Am. rock musician Michael Kenji "Mike" Shinoda (Linkin Park) on Feb. 14 in Agoura Hills, Calif.; Japanese-Am. father, European-Am. mother. Am. 6'2" basketball player (black) Stephon Xavier Marbury on Feb. 20 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; educated at Georgia Tech. Am. 6'3" basketball player (black) (Houston Rockets #1, 1999-2004) Steve D'Shawn Francis on Feb. 21 in Takoma Park, Md.; educated at the U. of Md. Am. "Sleeping Beauties" novelist Owen Philip King on Feb. 21 in Bangor, Maine; son of Stephen King (1947-) and Tabitha King (1949-); brother of Joseph King (1972-). Am. Digg co-founder Robert Kevin Rose on Feb. 21 in Redding, Calif.; educated at the U. of Nev. Am. boxing champion (black) Floyd "Pretty Boy", "Money", "T.B.E." (The Best Ever) Mayweather Jr. (Floyd Joy Sinclair) on Feb. 24 in Grand Rapids, Mich. Am. 6'1" "Big Green Tractor", "She's Country", "My Kinda Party" country singer Jason Aldean (Jason Aldine Williams) on Feb. 28 in Macon, Ga. English rock singer (ambidextrous) Christopher Anthony John "Chris" Martin (Coldplay) on Mar. 2 in Exeter, Devon; husband (2003-15) of Gwyneth Paltrow; great-great-grandson of daylight savings time inventor William Willett (1856-1915). Irish "When You Say Nothing at All" singer-songwriter Ronan Patrick John Keating (Boyzone) on Mar. 3 in Finglas, Dublin. Am. rock drummer Jeremiah Martin Green (Modest Mouse) on Mar. 4 in Oahu, Hawaii. Am. 6'7" basketball player (Minn. Timberwolves #10, 1999-2006) Walter Robert "Wally" Szczerbiak on Mar. 5 in Madrid, Spain; son of Walt Szczerbiak; grows up in Long Island, N.Y.; educated at the U. of Miami. Am. "Ms. New Booty" rapper (white) Bubba Sparxxx (Warren Anderson Mathis) on Mar. 6 in La Grange, Ga. Am. "Dawson Leery in Dawson's Creek" actor James William Van Der Beek Jr. on Mar. 8 in Cheshire, Conn. Am.-Canadian "Blurred Lines" singer-songwriter Robin Charles Thicke on Mar. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Alan Thicke (1947-) and 1st wife Gloria Loring (1946-); husband of Paula Patton. Am. "Rosalee Calvert in Grimm", "Tracy in The Wedding Planner" actress Bree Nicole Turner on Mar. 10 in Palo Alto, Calif.; daughter of Kevin Turner (1958-); educated at King's College London, and UCLA. Am. NBC News journalist Miguel Almaguer on Mar. 11 in Oakland, Calif.; grows up in Berkeley, Calif.; educated at UCSC, and San Francisco State U. Am. 5'6" basketball player-coach (white) (New York Liberty #25, 1999-2006) (San Antonio Stars, 2007-14) (San Antonio Spurs, 2014-) Rebecca "Becky" "Big Shot" Hammon on Mar. 11 in Rapid City, S.D.; educated at Colo. State U. ; on Dec. 31, 2020 she becomes the first woman acting NBA head coach. Am. DJ Joseph "Joe" "Mr." Hahn (Linkin Park) on Mar. 15 in Dallas, Tex.; Korean immigrant parents; grows up in Glendale, Calif. Am. bowler Kelly Kulick on Mar. 16 in Union Township, N.J. Am. rapper (black) Swifty McVay (Ondre Moore) (D12) on Mar. 17 in Detroit, Mich. Am. singer Harold "Devin" Lima (Lyte Funky Ones) on Mar. 18 in Boston, Mass. UAE 9/11 hijacker Fayez Rashid Ahmed Hassan al-Qadi Banihammad (d. 2001) on Mar. 19 in Khor Fakkan. Am. Barstool Sports founder David Scott Portnoy on Mar. 22 in Swampscott, Mass.; educated at the U. of Mich. Am. "Maya in Zero Dark Thirty", "Elizabeth Sloane in Miss Sloane", "Cmdr. Melissa Lewis in The Martian" actress-producer Jessica Michelle Chastain on Mar. 24 near Sonoma, Sacramento County, Calif.; educated at Juilliard School. Am. rock drummer John Everett Otto (Limp Bizkit) on Mar. 27 in Jacksonville, Fla.; cousin of Sam Rivers (1977-). Am. "The Devil Wears Prada" novelist (Jewish) Lauren Weisberger on Mar. 28 in Scranton, Penn.; educated at Cornell U. Am. "Jon & Kate Plus 8" TV personality Jonathan Keith "Jon" Gosselin on Apr. 1 in Wyomissing, Penn.; French-Irish-Welsh descent father, Korean-Am. mother; husband (1999-2009) of Kate Gosselin (1975-). German "Quintus Dias in Centurion", "David in Prometheus", "Edwin Epps in 12 Years a Slave" actor-producer Michael Fassbender on Apr. 2 in Heidelberg; German father, Irish mother; raised in Killarney, Ireland. Spanish "Colossal" dir. Ignacio "Nacho" Vigalondo on Apr. 6 in Cabezon de la Sal. Am. rock singer Gerard Arthur Way (My Chemical Romance) on Apr. 9 in Summit, N.J. Am. "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" 5'3" actress (Jewish) Sarah Michelle Gellar on Apr. 14 in New York City; wife (2002-) of Freddie Prinze Jr. (1976-). Am. murder victim (Jewish) Chandra Ann Levy (d. 2001) on Apr. 14 in Cleveland, Ohio; educated at San Francisco State U., and USC. Am. "Mac in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" actor-dir.-writer-producer Robert Dale "Rob" McElhenney on Apr. 14 in Philadelphia, Penn.; husband (2008-) of Kaitlin Olson (1975-). South Sudanese British supermodel (black) Alek Wek ("Black Spotted Cow") on Apr. 16 in Wau; of Dinka descent; emigrates to Britain in 1991. Am. jewelry designer (Jewish) Jennifer Meyer on Apr 23 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Ronald Meyer (1941-); wife (2007-17) of Tobey Maguire. British TV journalist Babita Sharma on Apr. 23 in Reading, Berkshire; of Indian descent; educated at the U. of Wales. English "The Bugle" comedian John William Oliver on Apr. 23 in Birmingham; educated at Christ's College, Cambridge U. Am. "Dr. Lawrence Kutner in House", "Kumar Patel in Harold and Kumar" actor Kal Penn (Kalpen Suresh Modi) on Apr. 23 in Montclair, N.J. Am. "Clark Kent in Smallville" actor Thomas John Patrick "Tom" Welling on Apr. 26 in Putnam Valley, N.Y. Am. "Locked Up", "Smack That" R&B singer-songwriter (black) Akon (Aliaune Thiam) on Apr. 30 in St. Louis, Mo. Am. "Six LeMure in Blossom" actress-country singer Jennifer Jean "Jenna" Von Oy (O˙) on May 2 in Danbury, Conn. Am. "Drink in My Hand" country singer-songwriter Kenneth Eric Church on May 3 in Granite Falls, N.C.; known for wearing aviator sunglasses and Von Dutch denim trucker hats. Iranian mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani on May 3 in Tehran; educated at Harvard U. English rock bassist Archis Tuki (Maximo Park) on May 6 in Bombay, India; Kashmiri Pandit parents; emigrates to the U.K. in 1980. Am. "Black Rock" blues-rock guitarist-singer-songwriter Joe Bonamassa on May 8 in New Hartford, N.Y.; starts playing at age 4, and opens for B.B. King at age 12. Am. ska trombonist Dan "Culprit" "Hippie" Regan (Reel Big Fish) on May 9 in Corpus Christi, Tex. English "Sweet and Lowdown" actress Samantha Morton on May 13 in Nottingham. Am. 6'6" hall-of-fame baseball pitcher (Toronto Blue Jays, 1998-2009) (Philadelphia Phillies #4, 2010-13) Harry Leroy "Roy" "Doc" Halladay III (d. 2017) on May 14 in Denver, Colo. Am. economist Catherine Tucker on May 16 in Oxford, England; educated at Merton College, Oxford U.; emigrates to the U.S. in 1999. U.S. conservative Sen. (R-Ark.) (2015-) Thomas Bryant "Tom" Cotton on May 13 in Dardanelle, Ark.; educated at Harvard U. Am. "Phenom" actress Angela Bethany Goethals on May 20 in New York City; great-great-granddaughter of George Washington Goethals (1859-1928). Am. singer (gay) Prince Poppycock (John Andrew Quale) on May 24 in Great Falls, Va. Am. "The View" TV host Elisabeth DelPadre Hasselbeck (nee Filarski) on May 28; starts out on "Survivor: The Australian Outback" (2001). Am. ska musician Scott "Scotty" Klopfenstein (Reel Big Fish) on May 31 in Garden Grove, Calif. Am. "Sylar in Heroes" "Spock in Star Trek 2009" actor (gay) Zachary John Quinto on June 2 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; half-Italian half-Irish; educated at Carnegie Mellon U. Am. "Paris Geller in Gilmore Girls" actress Liza Rebecca Weil on June 5 in N.J. Am. "Stronger" rapper-singer-producer-actor (black) Kanye Omari West on June 8 in Atlanta, Ga. Serbian 6'9" basketball player (Sacramento Kings #16, 1998-2006) Predrag (Peja) Stojakovic on June 9 in Slavonska Pozega, Croatia, Yugoslavia; grows up in Belgrade. English "Maurice Moss in The IT Crowd" actor-dir.writer (black) Richard Ellef Ayoade on June 12 in Whipps Cross, London; Nigerian father, Norwegian mother; educated at St. Joseph's College, and St. Catharine's College, Cambridge U. Am. actress (black) China Jesusita Shavers on June 16. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Majed Mashaan Ghanem Moqed (d. 2011) on June 18 in Al-Nakhil. Dutch TV host (bi) Rebecca Loos (Bartholdi) on June 19 in Madrid, Spain. Am. "Mr. A-Z", "I'm Yours" singer-songwriter Jason Thomas Mraz (Czech. "frost") on June 23 in Mechanicsville, Va.; of Czech descent. English "Velkan Valerious in Van Helsing" actor William "Will" Kemp on June 29 in Hertfordshire. Canadian 6'1" hockey player (black) Jarome Arthur-Leigh Adekunle Tig Junior Elvis Iginla (Yoruba "big tree") on July 1 in Edmonton, Alberta; black Nigerian Christian immigrant father, white Buddhist mother from Ore., who divorce when he's 1-y.-o. Am. "Armageddon" actress Liv Rundgren Tyler on July 1 in New York City; eldest daughter of Steve Tyler (1948-) and Bebe Buell (1953-), whom she conceives while living with Todd Rundgren, making her his biological daughter; named after Liv Ullmann. Am. "Peter Petrelli in Heroes" actor Milo Anthony Ventimiglia on July 8 in Anaheim, Calif. Am. Dem. journalist (tranny) Sarah Ashton-Cirillo on July 9 in North Fla. English "12 Years a Slave" actor (black) Chiwetelu Umeadi "Chiwetel" Ejiofor on July 10 in Forest Gate, London; Nigerian Igbo descent parents. Somalian Al-Shabaab leader (Sunni Muslim) Moktar Ali Zubeyr (Ahmad Abdi Godane) on July 10 in Hargeisa. Am. 6'3" actor-wrestler Brock Edward Lesnar on July 12 in Webster, S.D. Am. "Jan in Toyota commercials", "Sophia in Crazy, Stupid, Love" actress Laurel Coppock on July 17 in Weston, Mass.; educated at Colby College. English "Nicole Maggen in Flight" actress Jessica Kelly Siobhan Reilly on July 18 in Surrey. Irish "Elvis", "Henry VIII in The Tudors" actor Jonathan Rhys Meyers (Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe) on July 27 in Dublin. Argentine 6'6" basketball player (white) (San Antonio Spurs #20, 2002-17) Emanuel David "Manu" Ginobili (Ginóbili) Maccari on July 28 in Bahia Blanca. Am. musician-producer (black) Danger Mouse (Brian Joseph Burton) (Gnarls Barkley) on July 29 in White Plains, N.Y. Am. "My Name is Earl" actress Jaime Pressly on July 30 in Kinston, N.C. Am. 5'9" beach volleyball player ("the Turtle") Misty Erie Elizabeth May-Treanor on July 30 in Los Angeles, Calif. Welsh rock singer Ian David Karslake Watkins (Lostprophets) on July 30 in Merthyr Tydfil; grows up in Pontypridd; sented to 30 years for pedophilia. Am. "John Connor in T2" actor Edward Furlong on Aug. 2 in Glendale, Calif. Am. 6'4" football QB (New England Patriots #12, 2000-19) (Tampa Bay Bucccaneers #12, 2020-) Thomas Edward Patrick "Tom Terrific" Brady Jr. on Aug. 3 in San Mateo, Calif.; educated at Michigan U. Am. (black) (gay) Karine Jean-Pierre on Aug. 13 in Fort-de-France, Martinique; Haitian parents; grows up in Queens Village, N.Y.; educated at N.Y. Inst. of Tech., and Columbia U.; partner of Suzanne Maleauz (1966-). Finnish "My Winter Storm" singer-songwriter ("the Voice of Finland") Tarja Soile Susanna Turunen Cabuli (Nightwish) on Aug. 17 in Kitee. English singer Claire Ann Richards (Steps) on Aug. 17 in Hillingdon, London. Canadian musician Regine (Régine) Chassagne (Arcade Fire) on Aug. 18 in St.-Lambert, Quebec; wife of Win Butler (1980-). English "Zod in Smallville" actor Daniel James Callum Blue on Aug. 19 in London. Am. "Cassandra in Strictly Sexual" actress-socialite Brooke Jaye Mueller on Aug. 19 in Albany, N.Y.; wife (2008-11) of Charlie Sheen (1965-). Am. Subway spokesman ("the Subway Guy") (Jewish) (pedophile) Jared Scot Fogle on Aug. 23 in Indianapolis, Ind.; educated at Indiana U. Am. "The Fault in Our Stars" novelist John Michael Green on Aug. 24 in Indiapolis, Ind.; educated at Kenyon College. Am. "Matt McNamara on Nip/Tuck" actor John Carter Hensley on Aug. 29 in Louisville, Ky. Am. football running back (black) Shaun Alexander on Aug. 30 in Florence, Ky. Am. rock bassist Samuel Robert "Sam" Rivers (Limp Bizkit) on Sept. 2 in Jacksonville, Fla.; cousin of John Otto (1977-). Am. rapper Mr. Black on Sept. 11. English rock guitarist Jonathan Mark "Jon" "Jonny" Buckland (Coldplay) on Sept. 11 in Islington, London. Am. "Back for the First Time", "Incognegro", "Tej Parker in The Fast and the Furious" rapper-actor (black) Ludacris (Christ-Luva-Luva) (Christopher Brian Bridges) (Disturbing tha Peace) on Sept. 11 in Decatur, Ill. Israeli musician Idan Raichel on Sept. 12 in Kfar Saba. Am. "Criminal" singer Fiona Apple McAfee Maggart on Sept. 13 in Manhattan, N.Y.; daughter of Brandon Maggart (1933-) and Diane McAfee; raped at age 12. English model-writer Sophie Dahl (nee Holloway) on Sept. 15 in London; maternal granddaughter of Roald Dahl (1916-90) and Patricia Neal (1926-2010). Am. rock drummer Ryan Michael Dusick (Maroon 5) on Sept. 19. Am. drag racer Alexis DeJoria on Sept. 24 in Venice Beach, Calif.; wife (2013-) of Jesse James (1969-). South Korean golfer Se Ri Pak on Sept. 28 in Daejeon. Am. rapper (Muslim convert) Vinnie Paz (Vincenzo Luvineri) on Oct. 5 in Agrigento, Sicily. Am. rock musician James "Jamie" "Jonny 5" Laurie (Flobots) on Oct. 6 in Denver, Colo. U.S. Repub. mayor #43 of Miami, Fl. (2017-) Francis Xavier Suarez on Oct. 6 in Miami, Fla.; educated at Fla. Internat. U., and U. of Fla. Am. "Neal Caffrey White Collar" actor (gay) Matthew Staton "Matt" Bomer on Oct. 11 in Webster Groves, Mo. Am. alpine skier Bode Miller on Oct. 12 in Easton, N.H. Am. 6'7" basketball player (black) (Boston Celtics #34, 1998-2013) (Brooklyn Nets, 2013-4) (Washington Wizards, 2014-) Paul Pierce on Oct. 13 in Oakland, Calif.; educated at Kansas U. Am. "Your Body Is a Wonderland" singer-songwriter-producer John Clayton Mayer on Oct. 16 in Bridgeport, Conn. Guatemalan rock bassist Sergio Andrade (Lifehouse) on Oct. 17 in Guatemala City. Am. "Crashdown in Battlestar Galactica", "Davis Bloome in Smallville", "Aidan Waite in Being Human" actor-musician Samuel Stewart "Sam" Witwer on Oct. 20 in Glenview, Ill.; educated at the Juilliard School. Am. "Napoleon Dynamite" actor (Mormon) John Heder on Oct. 26 in Fort Collins, Colo.; twin brother of Dan Heder. Am. slam poet Jamie DeWolf on Oct. 27 in Eureka, Calif.; grandson of Ronald DeWolf (1934-91); great-grandson of L. Ron Hubbard (1911-86). Am. "NYPD Blue" actress Sheeri Rappaport on Oct. 27 in Dallas, Tex. Canadian "Michael Guerin in Roswell" actor Brendan Jacob Joel Fehr on Oct. 29 in Winnipeg, Man. Am. "Tai in Clueless", "Daisy Randone in Girl, Interrupted", "Mary Walsh in Abandoned" actress-singer Brittany Murphy (Brittany Anne Murphy-Monjack) (Brittany Anne Bertolotti) (d. 2009) on Nov. 10 in Atlanta, Ga.; Italian-Am. father, Irish-East European mother; grows up in Edison, N.J. Am. civil rights activist Rachel Anne Dolezal on Nov. 12 in Lincoln County, Mont. Am. White House (Obama) adviser Benjamin J. "Ben" Rhodes on Nov. 14 in New York City; Episcopalian father, Jewish mother; brother of David Rhodes (1973-); educated at Rice U., and NYU. Ukrainian gold medal figure skater Oksana Baiul on Nov. 16 in Dnipropetrovsk. Am. "Maggie Ruth in Waterland", "Giselle Levy in Mona Lisa Smile", "Rachel Dawes in The Dark Knight" actress Margaret Ruth "Maggie" Gyllenhaal on Nov. 16 in New York City; daughter of Stephen Gyllenhaal (1949-) and screenwriter Naomi Foner (1946-); sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal (1980-); wife (2009-) of Peter Sarsgaard (1971-). Nicaraguan DJ Craze (Aristh Delgado) on Nov. 19 in Managua. Am. Olympic gymnast Kerri Strug on Nov. 19 in Tucson, Ariz.; hero of the 1996 Atlanta Games. Am. "Why Don't We Just Dance" country singer Joshua Otis "Josh" Turner on Nov. 20 in Nashville, Tenn.; grows up in Hannah, S.C. Am. "Black Panther" actor (black) Chadwick Aaron Boseman (d. 2020) on Nov. 29 in Anderson, S.C.; educated at Howard U.; student of Phylicia Rashad. Am. rock musician Bradford Phillip "Brad" Delson (Linkin Park) on Dec. 1 in Agoura Hills, Calif. Am. Subway spokesman ("the Subway Guy") Jared Scott Fogle on Dec. 1 in Indianapolis, Ind. Canadian "Jumped Right In" country singer Dallas Smith on Dec. 4 in Langley, B.C. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Ahmed bin Abdullah al-Nami (d. 2001) on Dec. 7 in Asir. Am. auto racer Ryan Joseph "Rocket Man" Newman on Dec. 8 in South Bend, Ind. Belgian "Hans Axbil in The Danish Girl" actor-producer Matthias Schoenaerts (AKA Zenith) on Dec. 8 in Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium; of Flemish origin. Am. "crowd-hyper" Kito Trawick (Ghost Town DJs) on Dec. 15. Danish chef Rene Redzepi on Dec. 15 in Copenhagen. Israeli politician (Jewish) Rachel Azaria on Dec. 21 in Jerusalem. French pres. (2017-) Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frederic Macron on Dec. 21 in Amiens; educated at Paris Nanteere U. Jordanian Taliban jihadist Humam Khalil Abu-Mulal al-Balawi (d. 2009) on Dec. 25 in Kuwait. Am. 5'10" boxer (black) Laila Ali on Dec. 30 in Miami Beach, Fla.; daughter of Muhammad Ali (1942-2016). Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (New Jersey Nets #6, 2000-4) (Denver Nuggets #4/#6, 2004-11) Kenyon Lee Martin on Dec. 30 in Saginaw, Mich.; educated at the U. of Cincinnati. South Korean "Gangnam Style" singer Psy (PSY) (Park Jae-sang) on Dec. 31 in Gangnam District, Seoul. Am. celeb Donald John Trump Jr. on Dec. 31 in New York City; eldest child of U.S. pres. Donald J. Trump (1946-) and Ivana Trump (1949-); educated at the Wharton School. Am. "Mama's Broken Heart" country singer-songwriter Brandy Lynn Clark on ? in Morton, Wash. Am. "Water by the Spoonful", "In the Heights" playwright-composer Quiara Alegria Hudes on ? in Philadelphia, Penn.; Jewish father, Puerto Rican mother; educated at Yale U., and Brown U. Australian "The Fade Out Line" musician Phoebe Killdeer (The Short Straws) (The Shift) on ? in Antibes, France. U.S. deputy nat. security adviser (2011-) Benjamin J. "Ben" Rhodes on ? in ?; educated at Rice U., and NYU. Am. "Napoleon Leading the Army Over the Alps", painter (black) Kehinde Wiley on ? in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at Yale U. Deaths: German-born Am. teletype inventor Edward Ernst Kleinschmidt (b. 1876) on Aug. 22 in New Canaan, Conn. (heart disease). French Vichy adm. Jean de Laborde (b. 1878) on July 30; pardoned from life sentence on June 9, 1947. British-born Am. conductor Leopold Stokowski (b. 1882) on Sept. 13 in Nether Wallop, Hampshire, England (heart attack). Jamaican PM (1962-7) Sir Alexander Bustamante (b. 1884) on Aug. 6 in Irish Town (cancer); dies on Jamaican Independence Day. Am. "Gus the Fireman in Leave It to Beaver", "Uncle Jeff in Mame" actor Burt Mustin (b. 1884) on Jan. 28 in Glendale, Calif. English-born Am. silent film actor Olga Petrova (b. 1884) on Nov. 30 in Clearwater, Fla. Am. stage actress Beatrice Prentice (b. 1884) on May 30 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pneumonia). German Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch (b. 1885) on Aug. 4 in Tubingen, West Germany. English celeb Clementine Churchill (b. 1885) on Dec. 12 in Knightsbridge, London (heart attack). Am. historian Emory Holloway (b. 1885) on July 30 in Bethlehem, Penn. English mathematician John Edensor Littlewood (b. 1885) on Sept. 6. Am. women's movement leader (Nat. Woman's Party founder) Alice Paul (b. 1885) on July 9 in Moorestown, N.J. Am. poet-critic-editor Louis Untermeyer (b. 1885) on Dec. 18. Am. historian Ola Elizabeth Winslow (b. 1885) on Sept. 27 in Damariscotta, Maine. English physiologist Archibald Vivian Hill (b. 1886) on June 3 in Cambridge (viral infection); 1922 Nobel Medicine Prize. Am. tenor Roland Hayes (b. 1887) on Jan. 1 in Boston, Mass. German chancellor (1945) Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk (b. 1887) on Mar. 4. Am. Thom McAn shoe magnate John Ward Melville (b. 1887) on June 5 in New York City (cancer). Am. historian Frederick Merk (b. 1887) on Sept. 24 in Cambridge, Mass. British Jesuit philosopher Rev. Martin Cyril D'Archy (b. 1888). Am. political cartoonist Clarence Daniel Batchelor (b. 1888). Belgian actor Victor Francen (b. 1888) on Nov. 18 in Aix-en-Provence. English neurophysiologist Edgar Douglas Adrian (b. 1889) on Aug. 4 in London; 1932 Nobel Med. Prize. English actor Sir Charles (Charlie) Chaplin (b. 1889) on Dec. 25 in Vevey, Switzerland - comedy is good for your health? German Gen. Friedrich Gullwitzer (b. 1889) on Mar. 25 in Amberg. German Roman Catholic theologian Dietrich von Hildebrand (b. 1889) on Jan. 26 in New Rochelle, N.Y. Argentine journalist Alberto Gainza Paz (b. 1889) on Dec. 26 in Buenos Aires (cancer). English Sopwith Camel aircraft designer Herbert Smith (b. 1889). Russian-born Am. actor Jacob Ben-Ami (b. 1890) on July 2 in New York City. Russian sculptor Naum Gabo (b. 1890) on Aug. 23. Am. actor "Jeeter Lester in Tobacco Road" Henry Hull (b. 1890) on Mar. 8 in Cornwall, England (heart attack); appeared in 74 films in 1917-66. Am. "You Bet Your Life" Marx Brothers comedian Julius "Groucho" Marx (b. 1890) on Aug. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif. (pneumonia) (3 days after Elvis, so few notice?): "Although it is generally known, I think it's about time to announce that I was born at an early age"; "A black cat crossing your path signifies that the animal is going somewhere"; "I don't care to belong to any social organization which would accept me as a member"; "When he insulted them, they thought it was funny. They felt rather proud to be the object of his wit. What they didn't realize was that Groucho meant everything he said. He was a misanthrope and was completely honest about his feelings." (Sidney Sheldon) German novelist Frank Thiess (b. 1890) in Darmstadt. German oceanographer Georg Wust (b. 1890) on Nov. 8 in Erlangen, West Germany. Czech painter Jan Zrzavy (b. 1890) on Oct. 12 in Prague. Am. artist Justin McCarthy (b. 1891) in Tucson, Ariz. British spymaster Sir John Cecil Masterman (b. 1891) on June 6; namesake of Jill Masterman in Ian Fleming's "Goldfinger" (1959). Hungarian-born British scientist Michael Polyani (b. 1891) on Feb. 22 in Northampton. British Pvt. Henry Tandey (b. 1891) on Dec. 20 in Coventry, West Midlands. Am. "The Postman Always Rings Twice" novelist James M. Cain (b. 1892) on Oct. 25 in University Park, Md. (heart attack). Canadian hockey player Billy Coutu (b. 1892) on Feb. 25 in Saul Sainte Marie, Ont. Russian novelist Konstantin A. Fedin (b. 1892) on July 15. Am. actress Helen Gibson (b. 1892) on Oct. 10 in Roseburg, Ore. English "No, No, Nanette" dir.-producer Herbert Sydney Wilcox (b. 1892) on May 15 in London; went bankrupt in 1964. Am. New Yorker ed. (1925-60) Katharine Sergeant Angell White (b. 1892) on July 20 (heart failure). Am. Marx Brothers comedian Gummo Marx (b. 1893) on Apr. 21 in Palm Springs, Calif. U.S. Selective Service dir. (1941-70) gen. Lewis B. Hershey (b. 1893) on May 20 in Angola, Ind. Am. actor-dir. Alfred Lunt (b. 1893) on Aug. 3 in Chicago, Ill. (cancer). English landscape painter John N. Nash (b. 1893). Am. flapper girl illustrator Russell Patterson (b. 1893) on Mar. 17 in Atlantic City, N.J. (heart failure). English novelist Phyllis Eleanor Bentley (b. 1894) on June 27 in Halifax, West Yorkshire. Am. "The Postman Always Rings Twice" dir. Tay Garnett (b. 1894) on Oct. 3 in Sawtelle, Calif. (leukemia). Soviet crash-prone aircraft designer Sergei V. Ilyushin (b. 1894) on Feb. 9 in Moscow. Am. playwright John Howard Lawson (b. 1894) on Aug. 11 in San Francisco, Calif. Am. children's writer Katherine Milhous (b. 1894) on Dec. 5 in Philadelphia, Penn. French singer-actress Yvonne Printemps (b. 1894) on Jan. 19 in Neuilly, Paris. French biologist-writer Jean Rostand (b. 1894). Am. chewing gum magnate and Chicago Cubs owner Philip Knight Wrigley (b. 1894) on Apr. 12 in Elkon, Wisc. (internal hemorrhage); leaves a $60M estate; his son William Wrigley III (1932-99) sells the Cubs to the Tribune Co. in 1981. Norwegian gymnast Gustav Adolf Bayer (b. 1895) on Sept. 5. Czech Gen. Alois Liska (b. 1895) on Feb. 7 in Putney, London, England. Romanian celeb Magda Lupescu (b. 1895) on June 29; wife (1947-53) of ex-king Carol II. Am. Dem. Party boss Dan O'Connell (b. 1885) on Feb. 28 in Albany, N.Y. English historian Sir Charles Petrie (b. 1895) on Dec. 13. English novelist Henry William Williamson (b. 1895) on Aug. 13 in Georgeham. Soviet marshal Aleksandr Vasilevsky (b. 1895) on Dec. 5 in Moscow. English dir.-producer Sir Michael Balcon (b. 1896) on Oct. 17 in Hartfield, East Sussex. Am. film dir. Howard Hawks (b. 1896) on Dec. 26 in Palm Springs, Calif. (brain concussion). Am. historian William Leonard Langer (b. 1896) on Dec. 26 in Boston, Mass. U.S. Sen. (D-Ark.) (1943-77) John Little McClellan (b. 1896) on Nov. 28 in Little Rock, Ark. Am. Eisenhower White House chief of staff (1958-61) Wilton Persons (b. 1896). Indian Hare Krishna leader A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (b. 1896) on Nov. 14 in Vrindaban (heart failure). English historian Cecil Blanche Woodham-Smith (b. 1896) on Mar. 16 in London (heart disease). Am. "Cabin in the Sky" singer-actress Ethel Waters (b. 1896) on Sept. 1 in Chatsworth, Calif. (cancer). German-Swiss playwright-novelist Carl Zuckmayer (b. 1896) on Jan. 18 in Visp, Switzerland. British PM (1955-7) Sir Anthony Eden (b. 1897) on Jan. 14 in Alvediston, Salisbury, Wiltshire (liver cancer). German economist and West German chancellor (1963-6) Ludwig Erhard (b. 1897) on May 5 in Bonn (heart failure). Am. painter-cartoonist William Gropper (b. 1897) on Jan. 6 in Manhasset, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. dir.-screenwriter Nunnally Johnson (b. 1897) on Mar. 25 in Hollywood, Calif. (pneumonia). Austrian chancellor (1934-8) Kurt von Schuschnigg (b. 1897) on Nov. 18 in Mutters (near Innsbruck), Tyrol; after getting out of Nazi prison he became prof. of political science in the U.S. in 1948-68. Am. children's writer Charlie May Simon (b. 1897) on Mar. 21 in Little Rock, Ark. Spanish physician Josep Trueta i Raspall (b. 1897) on Jan. 19 in Barcelona. English "The Devil Rides Out", "Roger Brook", "Gregory Sallust" mystery-horror novelist Dennis Wheatley (b. 1897) on Nov. 10; sells 1M copies a year of his novels in the 1960s, a total of 70+ books and 50M copies; despite his many occult titles, he receives conditional absolution from the bishop of Peterborough two weeks before his death. U.S. ambassador David K.E. Bruce (b. 1898) on Dec. 5. Am. "Sweet Lorraine" composer Cliff Burwell (b. 1898). Russian-born Am. economist Jacob Marschak (b. 1898) on July 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Russian celeb Maria Rasputin (b. 1898) on Sept. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. Australian "Capt. Hook in Peter Pan" actor Cyril Ritchard (b. 1898) on Dec. 18 in Chicago, Ill. (heart attack). U.S. Supreme Court justice #86 (1949-67) Tom C. Clark (b. 1899) on June 13 in New York City. Austrian-born Am. actor Ricardo Cortez (b. 1899) on Apr. 28 in New York City. Am. chemist (Napalm inventor) Louis F. Fieser (b. 1899) on July 25 in Cambridge, Mass. Am. minister James W. Fifield Jr. (b. 1899) on Feb. 25. Am. educator Robert Maynard Hutchins (b. 1899) on May 14 in Santa Barbara, Calif. (kidney failure). Russian-born Am. "Lolita" novelist Vladimir Nabokov (b. 1899) on July 2 in Montreux, Switzerland (viral infection): "I do not believe that history exists apart from the historian. If I try to select a keeper of records, I think it safer, for my comfort at least to choose my own self." Am. novelist Edward Dahlberg (b. 1900) on Feb. 27 in Santa Barbara, Calif. Am. journalist Herbert Matthews (b. 1900) on July 30. French poet-playwright Jacques Prevert (b. 1900) on Apr. 11 in Omonville-la-Petite - sounds like? Am. journalist Quincy Howe (b. 1901) on Feb. 17 in New York City (cancer). German writer Hans Erich Nossack (b. 1901) on Nov. 2 in Hamburg. Am. college hall-of-fame basketball coach Adolph Frederick Rupp (b. 1901) on Dec. 10 in Lexington, Ky. (cancer). Indian dancer-choreographer Uday Shankar (b. 1901) on Sept. 26. Canadian-Am. "Auld Lang Syne" bandleader Guy Lombardo (b. 1902) on Nov. 5 in Houston, Tex. (heart surgery); sold 300M albums. Soviet psychologist Alexander Luria (b. 1902) on Aug. 14 in Moscow. Canadian "Hardy Boys" novelist Leslie McFarlane (b. 1902) on Sept. 6 in Oshawa, Ont. German-born Austrian economist (co-founder of Game Theory) Oskar Morgenstern (b. 1902) on July 26 in Princeton, N.J. (cancer). English actor Anthony Nicholls (b. 1902) on Feb. 22 in London. Am. singer-actor Bing Crosby (b. 1903) on Oct. 14 near Madrid, Spain; dies on a golf course after finishing all 18 holes, bowing to acknowledge applause, commenting "It was a great game", then collapsing from a heart attack as he walks to the clubhouse; leaves a fortune of $100M based on vast landholdings in Calif., oil wells in Tex., part ownership of the Pittsburgh Pirates, and distribution rights to Minute Maid frozen orange juice. Am. polar explorer rear Adm. George John Dufek (b. 1903) on Feb. 10 in Bethesda, Md. South African Gen. Hendrik Klopper (b. 1903) on Dec. 31. Cuban-French erotic novelist-diarist Anais Nin (b. 1903) on Jan. 14 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer): "People do not live in the present always at one with it. They live at all kinds of and manners of distance from it, as difficult to measure as the course of the planets"; "Our culture made a virtue of living only as extroverts. We discouraged the inner journey, the quest for a center. So we lost our center and have to find it again"; "Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one's courage"; "We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are"; "I stopped loving my father a long time ago. What remained was the slavery to a pattern"; "Each friend represents a world in us, a world not born until they arrive, and it is only by this meeting that a new world is born"; "We travel, some of us forever, to seek other states, other lives, other souls"; "No one has ever loved an adventurous woman as they have loved adventurous men." English film composer Richard Addinsell (b. 1904) on Nov. 14 in London. French artist Lucien Coutaud (b. 1904) on June 21 in Paris. Am. "3:10 to Yuma" dir.-producer Delmer Daves (b. 1904) on Aug. 17. Am. "Andersonville" novelist MacKinlay Kantor (b. 1904) on Oct. 11. Am. Native Am. writer D'Arcy McNickle (b. 1904) on Oct. 18. French-born Am. "Out of the Past" dir. Jacques Tourneur (b. 1904) on Dec. 19 in Bergerac, France. Am. "Jack Benny's valet Rochester van Jones" Eddie Anderson (b. 1905) on Feb. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). Am. "Dr. Gideon Fell" mystery novelist Robert Dickson Carr (b. 1905). Am. "Jingles in Wild Bill Hicock" actor Andy Devine (b. 1905) on Feb. 18 in Orange Conty, Calif. (leukemia). Am. "Katzenjammer Kids" cartoonist Joe Musial (b. 1905) on June 6 in Long Island, N.Y. Am. millner Sally Victor (b. 1905) on May 14 in New York City. Am. Am. Motors Corp. CEO (1962-7) Roy Abernethy (b. 1906) on Feb. 28 in Jupiter, Fla. Am. organist E. Power Biggs (b. 1906) on Mar. 10 in Boston, Mass. (ulcer surgery). Am. detective novelist John Dickson Carr (b. 1906) on Feb. 27 in Greenville, S.C. (lung cancer). Am. LP and color TV inventor Peter Carl Goldmark (b. 1906) on Dec. 7 in Westchester County, N.Y. (automobile accident). Italian "Journey to Italy" dir. Robert Rossellini (b. 1906) on June 3 in Rome (heart attack). Soviet coal miner hero Alexei Stakhanov (b. 1906) on Nov. 5 in Moscow. Am. "The Getaway", "The Grifters" crime novelist Jim Thompson (b. 1906) on Apr. 7 in Los Angeles, Calif. French dir. Henri-Georges Clouzot (b. 1907) on Jan. 12 in Paris (heart attack). Am. "The Immense Journey" anthropologist Loren C. Eiseley (b. 1907) on July 9 in Philadelphia, Penn. (cancer). Am. photographer Lee Miller (b. 1907) on July 21 in Chiddingly, East Sussex, England (cancer). Am. actress Joan Crawford (b. 1908) on May 10 in New York City (heart attack). Am. NBC announcer Ben Grauer (b. 1908) on May 31 on May 31 in New York City (heart failure). Am. writer-critic Mark Schorer (b. 1908) on Aug. 11 in Oakland, Calif. (septicemia). Am. auto racer Floyd Davis (b. 1909) on May 31 in Indianapolis, Ind. Am. "Ma Perkins" radio actress Virginia Payne (b. 1909) on Feb. 10 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Peruvian pres. (1968-75) gen. Juan Velasco Alvarado (b. 1910) on Dec. 24 in Lima. Am. country singer Bill Boyd (b. 1910) on Dec. 7 in Dallas, Tex. Am. actress Claudia Dell (b. 1910) on Sept. 5 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Brother Rat", "Strike Up the Band", "Meet Me in St. Louis" writer-producer Fred Finklehoffe (b. 1910) on Oct. 5 in Springtown, Penn. Am. architect-designer (creator of the IBM Selectric typewriter) Eliot Fette Noyes (b. 1910) on July 18 in New Canaan, Conn. Am. historian Carroll Quigley (b. 1910) on Jan.3 in Washington, D.C. Swiss "Oh My Papa" composer Paul Burkhard (b. 1911) on Sept. 6 in Zell. Am. Columbia Records pres. (1956-71, 1973-5) Goddard Lieberson (b. 1911) on May 29 in New York City (cancer). German physicist Erwin Wilhelm Muller (b. 1911) on May 17 in Washington, D.C. English "The Winslow Boy" playwright Sir Terence Rattigan (b. 1911) on Nov. 30 in Bermuda (bone cancer). German-born English economist Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (b. 1911) on Sept. 4 in Ramont, Switzerland. English Manchester Baby engineer Sir Freddie Williams (b. 1911) on Aug. 11 in Manchester. Burundi king (1915-77) Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng (b. 1912) on Apr. 26 in Geneva, Switzerland. German-born Am. rocket scientist Wernher von Braun (b. 1912) on June 16 in Alexandria, Va. (pancreatic cancer); dies after converting from Lutheran to evangelical Christianity in El Paso, Tex. in 1946, then going Episcopalian; his gravestone quotes Ps. 19:1: "The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament sheweth his handywork": "Man is the best computer we can put aboard a spacecraft, and the only one that can be mass produced with unskilled labor." Am. "Mackenzie's Raiders" actor-dir.-writer Richard Carlson (b. 1912) on Nov. 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cerebral hemorrhage). U.S. FBI intel dir. William Cornelius Sullivan (b. 1912) on Nov. 9 in Sugar Hill, N.H.; shot by a 22-y.-o. Robert Daniels Jr. with a .30 cal rifle, who claims he mistook him for deer; six current or former FBI officials die during this same 6-mo. period. Am. "The Pajama Game" novelist Richard Pike Bissell (b. 1913) on May 4 in Dubuque, Iowa. Cyprus pres. (1960-77) Archbishop Makarios III (b. 1913) on Aug. 3. English historian John Robert Morris (b. 1913) on June 1 in London. Am. "The Tingler" actor-dir.-producer William Castle (b. 1914) on May 31 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. animator John Hubley (b. 1914) on Feb. 21 in New Haven, Conn. (heart surgery). French Cinamatheque founder Henri Langlois (b. 1914). Am. "Cyrano Jones in Star Trek" actor Stanley Adams (b. 1915) on Apr. 27 in Santa Monica, Calif. (suicide). Malian pres. #1 (1960-8) Modibo Keita on May 16 in Bamako. Am. actor-comedian Zero Mostel (b. 1915) on Sept. 8 in Philadelphia, Penn. (heart attack); dies after his first performance of Arnold Wesker's "Shylock" on Broadway. British-born Australian "Howard Beale in Network" actor Peter Finch (b. 1916) on Jan. 14 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (heart attack). Russian-born Am. ballet dancer-producer Andre Eglevsky (b. 1917) on Dec. 4 in Elmira, N.Y. (heart attack). Am. concert pianist Sidney Foster (b. 1917) on Feb. 7. Am. black activist Fannie Lou Hamer (b. 1917) on Mar. 14 in Mound Bayou, Miss. (breast cancer); her tombstone reads "I am sick and tired of being sick and tired." Am. poet Robert Lowell (b. 1917) on Sept. 12 in New York City (heart attack in a cab en route from JFK Internat. Airport to see ex-wife Elizabeth Hardwick in Manhattan while clutching a Lucian Freud portrait of his wife Lady Caroline Blackwood, whose daughter Natalya dies next year from an OD). Am. country singer Lloyd Perryman (b. 1917) on May 31 in Burbank, Calif. English "Giles French in Family Affair" actor Sebastian Cabot (b. 1918) on Aug. 22 in North Saanich, B.C., Canada (stroke). Am. country musician Stoney Cooper (b. 1918) on Mar. 22. Am. L-Dopa therapy neurologist George C. Cotzias (d. 1918) on June 13 in New York City (lung cancer). Am. "Young and Foolish" lyricist Arnold Horwitt (b. 1918) on Oct. 20 in Santa Monica, Calif. (cancer). Lebanese politician (Druse chieftain) Kamal Jumblatt (b. 1919). Am. "Release Me" country songwriter Eddie Miller (b. 1919) on Apr. 11 in Nashville, Tenn. Ethiopian PM (1974-7) Brig Gen. Teferi Bante (b. 1921). Irish Northern Ireland PM #6 (last) (1971-2) Brian Faulkner (b. 1921) on Mar. 3 in Seaforde, Northern Ireland (riding accident while foxhunting). Am. "Misty" jazz pianist-composer Erroll Garner (b. 1921) on Jan. 2 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "From Here to Eternity" novelist James Jones (b. 1921) on May 9 in Southampton, N.Y. (heart failure). Am. actress Joan Tetzel (b. 1921) on Oct. 31 in Fairwarp, Sussex, England (cancer). Australian-born Am. concert pianist Bruce Hungerford (b. 1922) on Jan. 26 in New York City (auto accident). Greek-Am. soprano Maria Callas (b. 1923) on Sept. 16 in Paris (heart attack): "First I lost weight, then I lost my voice, and finally I lost Onassis." Am. "Les Paul and Mary Ford" singer Mary Ford (b. 1924) on Sept. 30 in Arcadia, Calif. (diabetes). Am. JFK political consultant Kenneth O'Donnell (b. 1924) on Sept. 9 in Boston, Mass. Am. "Diary of a Mad Housewife" novelist Sue Kaufman (b. 1926) on June 25 in New York City. Canadian novelist Hubert Aquin (b. 1929) on Mar. 15 (suicide); "I have lived intensely and now it is over." Am. "Margaret Williams in Make Room for Daddy" actress Jean Hagen (b. 1923) on Aug. 29 in Los Angeles, Calif. (esophageal cancer). Am. U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers (b. 1929) on Aug. 1 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heli crash in Encino while working as a traffic spotter for KNBC-TV while ferrying cameraman George Spears to a Santa Barbara brush fire). Am. opera conductor Thomas Schippers (b. 1930) on Dec. 16 in New York City (lung cancer): "One-third Italian musicians for their line, one-third Jewish for their sound, a sprinkling of Germans for solidity" (the perfect orchestra). Irish "Messala in Ben-Hur" actor Stephen Boyd (b. 1931) on June 2 in Northridge, Calif. (heart attack while playing golf). Am. gangster Danny Greene (b. 1933) on Oct. 6 in Lyndhurst, Ohio (assassinated after a dental appt.). Iranian sociologist Ali Shariati (b. 1933) in Southampton, England (assassinated). Am. "King of Rock 'n' Roll" singer-actor Elvis Presley (b. 1935) on Aug 16 in Memphis, Tenn. (heart failure caused by drug OD after becoming addicted to Demerol after taking 10K doses of sedatives, amphetamines, and narcotics in 199 prescriptions written by Dr. Nicholpoulous this year and ballooning into Fat Elvis?; Pres. Jimmy Carter issued a statement saying that Elvis have "permanently changes the face of American popular culture." Like any Messiah, he isn't really dead, and there are many Elvis sightings to prove it? The King is Dead, long live the King. He received 3 Grammys, all for gospel music: "The truth is like the Sun - you can shut it out for a time, but it ain't goin' away" - <0i>the good get too much Vitamin P? Am. "Joan Bradford in Eight is Enough" actress Diana Hyland (b. 1936) on Mar. 27 in Los Angeles, Calif. (breast cancer). Congolese pres. (1969-77) Marien Ngouabi (b. 1938) on Mar. 18 in Brazzaville. Am. murderer Gary Gilmore (b. 1940) on Jan. 17 in Draper, Utah (executed by firing squad). Russian ballet star Yuri Soloviev (b. 1940) on Jan. 12 outside Leningrad found dead in his home from a shotgun wound to his head). South African black leader Steven Biko (b. 1946) on Sept. 12 in Pretoria. English "T.Rex" singer Marc Bolan (b. 1947) on Sept. 16 in SW London (auto accident); dies in a purple Mini 1275GT driven by his babe Gloria Jones, who plows it into a sycamore tree less than 1 mi. from his home at 142 Upper Richmond Road West in East Sheen; the crash site is turned into a shrine; the last guest on his Granada music show "Marc" was David Bowie. Am. Lynyrd Skynyrd musician Steven Earl Gaines (b. 1949) on Oct. 20 in Gillsburg, Miss. (airplane crash). Am. Lynyrd Skynyrd musician Ronnie Van Zant (b. 1948) on Oct. 20 in Gillsburg, Miss. (airplane crash). British (Welsh) auto racer Thomas Maldwyn "Tom" Pryce (b. 1949) on Mar. 5 in Kyalami, South Africa; auto crash after colliding with 19-y.-o. track marshal Frederik Jansen Van Vuuren and his fire extinguisher. Am. rock musician Chris Bell (b. 1951) on Dec. 27 in Memphis, Tenn. (auto accident). Am. "Chico and the Man" actor Freddie Prinze (b. 1954) on Jan. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. (suicide).



1978 - The Top Off My Coffee with Aldo Moro Purple Kool-Aid Hold the Dan White Harvey Milk Rainbow Flag Camp David Accords Test Tube Baby Larry Flynt U.S. Supreme Court Bakkes Up Whites Year? The 202-year-old U.S. decisively passes up the 61-year-old Soviet Union in planetary exploration? A good year to be Polish, Czech, German, or Texan, but not Italian?

Camp David Accords, Sept. 17, 1978 Purple Flavor Aid Purple Kool-Aid Rev. Jim Jones (1931-78) Leo J. Ryan of the U.S. (1925-78) Jonestown Guyana, Nov. 18, 1978 Jonestown Guyana, Nov. 18, 1978 Mark Lane (1947-) Aldo Moro of Italy (1916-78) Mario Moretti (1946-) Edward Irving 'Ed' Koch of the U.S. (1924-2013) Allan Paul Bakke (1940-) George Moscone (1929-78) Harvey Milk (1930-78) Dan White (1946-85) Pope John Paul I (1912-78) Pope John Paul II (1920-2005) PSA Flight 182, Sept. 25, 1978 Double Eagle II, Aug. 17, 1978 Dennis Wise (1954-) Howard Jarvis of the U.S. (1903-86) Augustus Freeman Hawkins of the U.S. (1907-2007) Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. of the U.S. (1911-78) Muriel Buck Humphrey of the U.S. (1912-98) William Hedgcock Webster of the U.S. (1924-) Joseph Anthony Califano Jr. of the U.S. (1931-) Daniel arap Moi of Kenya (1924-) Nur Muhammad Taraki of Afghanistan (1917-79) Masayoshi Ohira of Japan (1910-80) Maj. Gen. Gholam Reza Azhari of Iran (1912-2001) Col. Mustapha Ould Salek of Mauritania (1936-) Pakistani Gen. Rahimuddin Khan (1926-) Gen. Muhammad Zia ul-Haq of Pakistan (1924-88) Lt. Col. Frederick William Kwasi Akuffo of Ghana (1937-79) Antonio Guzman Fernandez of Dominican Republic (1911-82) Gen. Fernando Romeo Lucas Garcia of Guatemala (1924-2006) Gen. Juan Pereda Asbún of Bolivia (1931-) Gen. David Padilla Arancibia of Bolivia (1927-) Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala of Colombia (1916-2005) Gen. Reynaldo Perez Vega of Nicaragua (-1978) Alessandro Pertini of Italy (1896-1990) Ola Ullsten of Sweden (1931-) Luis Herrera Campins of Venezuela (1925-2007) Prince Soulivong Savang of Burma (1963-) Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen (1942-) Abd al-Fattah Ismail Ali Al-Jawfi of Yemen (1939-86) Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane of Comoros (1919-89) Spruille Braden of the U.S. (1894-1978) Dianne Feinstein of the U.S. (1933-) Nancy Landon Kassebaum of the U.S. (1932-) French Col. Bob Denard (1929-2007) Dalal Mughrabi (1959-78) Louise Joy Brown (1978-) Patrick Christopher Steptoe (1913-88) Robert Geoffrey Edwards (1925-) Imam Musa al-Sadr (1929-78) Pedro Joaquin Chamorro (1924-78) Violeta Barrios de Chamorro of Nicaragua (1929-) U.S. Gen. Margaret A. Brewer (1930-) Wei Jingsheng (1950-) Nestor Cerpa (1953-97) Pieter Willem Botha of South Africa (1916-2006) Ian Douglas Smith of Rhodesia (1919-2007) Bishop Abel Muzorewa of Rhodesia (1925-2010) Rev. Ndabaningi Sithole of Rhodesia (1920-2000) Josiah Zion Gumede of Zimbabwe (1919-89) Peter Carrington, 6th Baron Carrington of England (1919-) Edward Philip George Seaga of Jamaica (1930-) King Hussein I (1935-99) and Queen Noor (1951-) of Jordan George Wildman Ball of the U.S. (1909-94) William Healy Sullivan of the U.S. (1922-) Gilbert Baker (1951-) Rainblow Flag, 1978 Christina Onassis (1950-88) and Sergei Kauzov (1941-) Frank Collin (1944-) Lee Iacocca (1924-) Geraldo Rivera (1943-) Bobby Allison (1937-) Claude Ballot-Léna (1936-99) Leon Spinks (1953-) Larry Holmes (1949-) Larry Craig Morton (1943-) Thomas 'Hollywood' Henderson (1953-) Randy White (1953-) Harvey Banks Martin (1950-2001) Jack Tatum (1948-2010) Darryl Stingley (1951-) Ken Stabler (1945-2016) Pete Banaszak (1944-) Dave Casper (1952-) Pete Rose (1942-) The Miracle at the Meadowlands, Nov. 19, 1978 Woody Hayes (1913-87) Cedric Maxwell (1955-) Ford Christopher Frick (1894-1978) Calvin Robertson Griffith (1911-99) Grete Waitz (1953-) Sir Ian Botham (1955-) Steve Cauthen (1960-) Larry 'Big Bird' Robinson (1951-) Frank J. Selke (1893-1985) Frank J. Selke Trophy Mavis Hutchinson (1924-) Naomi James (1949-) Penny Dean (1955-) Nancy Lopez (1957-) Ken Warby (1939-) Randy Lightfoot (1957-) Karl Wallenda (1905-78), Mar. 22, 1978 Dick Smith, Apr. 1, 1978 Juanita Broaddrick Menachem Begin of Israel (1913-92) Anwar Sadat of Egypt (1918-81) Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91) Arno Allan Penzias (1933-) Robert Woodrow Wilson (1936-) Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (1894-1984) Peter Dennis Mitchell (1920-92) Daniel Nathans (1928-99) Hamilton Othanel Smith (1931-) Werner Arber (1929-) Herbert Alexander Simon (1916-2001) Herbert W. Armstrong (1892-1986) Garner Ted Armstrong (1930-2003) Conrad Moffat Black (1944-) Keith Moon (1946-78) Georgi Markov (1929-78) Luis Walter Alvarez (1911-88) Walter Alvarez (1940-) James Walter Christy (1938-) and Robert Sutton Harrington (1942-93) Wolfgang Paul (1913-93) Peter H. Seeburg (1941-) Sir Roy Yorke Calne (1930-) Paul Ekman (1934-) Lynn Nadel (1942-) Eric F. Wieschaus (1947-) Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (1942-) Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004) Harrith M. Hasson (1932-) Toyoichi Tanaka (1946-) Jesse Leonard Greenstein (1909-2002) George G. Ritchie (1923-2007) Elizabeth Sherrill (1928-) Frank Steglich (1941-) John Archibald Wheeler (1911-2008) E.O. Wilson (1929-2021) Stephen C. Harrison (1941-) Sir Richard Stone (1913-91) Alexander Shulgin (1925-) Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004) Richard Trenton Chase (1950-80) Jimmy the Gent Burke (1931-96) Stanley Rifkin (1946-) Parnell Stevens 'Stacks' Edwards (1947-78) Henry Hill Jr. (1943-2012) Aryeh Neier (1937-) Larry Flynt (1942-2021) Joseph Paul Franklin (1950-2013) Willie Bosket (1962-) Archibald Thomson Hall (1924-2002) Alexei Aleksandrovich Gubarev of the Soviet Union (1931-) Vladimir Remek of Czechoslovakia (1948-) Maj. Miroslaw Hermaszewski of Poland (1941-) Sigmund Jähn of Germany (1937-) Russell Banks (1940-) 'Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs' by Judi Barrett (1941-), 1978 Michael Batterberry (1932-2010) and Ariane Batterberry (1935-) Nina Baym (1936-) Sissela Bok (1934-) Jim Carroll (1949-2009) Nancy Chodorow (1944-) Carol Patrice Christ (1945-) Eldridge Cleaver (1935-98) Christina Crawford (1939-) and Joan Crawford (1905-77) Angus Deaton (1945-) Ken Follett (1949-) Peter Gay (1923-2015) Mark Girouard (1931-) Linda Goodman (1925-95) Mary Catherine Gordon (1949-) Graham Greene (1904-91) Winston Groom (1941-) Elizabeth Forsythe Hailey (1938-) Barbara Grizzuti Harrison (1934-2002) William Least Heat-Moon (1939-) John Irving (1942-) Susan Isaacs (1943-) James Jones (1921-77) Ryszard Kapuscinski (1932-2007) Mary Margaret Kaye (1908-2004) Kitty Kelley (1942-) Jane Kenyon (1947-95) Spencer W. Kimball (1895-1985) Joseph Freeman Jr. (1952-) Leszek Kolakowski (1927-2009) Judith Krantz (1928-) Hugh Leonard (1926-2009) Peter Matthiessen (1927-) D'Arcy McNickle (1904-77) Constance Baker Motley of the U.S. (1921-2005) Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009) Tillie Olsen (1913-2007) Pat Parker (1944-89) Georges Perec (1936-82) Roger Peyrefitte (1907-2000) William Luther Pierce III (1933-2002) David Premack (1925-) Diane Ravitch (1938-) Janice G. Raymond (1943-) Anne Rivers Siddons (1936-) Quentin Skinner (1940-) Whitley Strieber (1945-) Martin Walser (1927-) William Wharton (1925-2008) William Julius Wilson (1935-) Sidney Weintraub (1914-83) Paul Davidson (1930-) Aharon Appelfeld (1932-) Ben Cohen (1951-) and Jerry Greenfield (1951-) John Ash (1948-) Leonard S. Baker (1931-84) Keola Beamer (1951-) John Cheever (1912-82) Israel Kamakawiwo'ole (1959-97) Armistead Maupin Jr. (1944-) David Rorvik (1944-) Fran Lebowitz (1950-) 'Garfield', 1978- Jim Davis (1945-) Van Halen Alicia Bridges (1948-) Kate Bush (1958-) The Cars Chic Joy Division Walter Egan (1948-) Exile Foxy Nick Giler (1951-) The Human League Patty Loveless (1957-) Steve Martin (1945-) Juice Newton (1952-) Odyssey Elaine Paige (1948-) Johnny Paycheck (1938-2003) Samantha Sang (1951-) Lenny LeBlanc (1951-) and Pete Carr (1950-) Barbara Mandrell (1948-) Midnight Oil Rick James (1948-2004) Toto Whitesnake Public Image Ltd. Nina Hagen (1955-) Evelyn 'Champagne' King (1960-) Nicolette Larson (1952-97) Lene Lovich (1949-) Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) Dire Straits Peaches and Herb Patrick Juvet (1950-) Bonnie Tyler (1951-) John Paul Young (1950-) Warren Zevon (1947-2003) John Coolidge Adams (1947-) Rough Trade Records Slash Records Ruby Records Mike Appel (1942-) and Bruce Springsteen (1949-) Jon Landau (1947-) and Bruce Springsteen (1949-) Michael Colgrass (1932-) Richard Maltby Jr. (1937-) '20/20', 1978- 'Battlestar Galactica' 1978-9 'Card Sharks', 1978-81 'Dallas', 1978-91 Larry Hagman (1931-2012) as J.R. Ewing in 'Dallas' 'Diff'rent Strokes', 1978-86 'The Incredible Hulk', 1978-82 'Mork and Mindy', 1978-82 'The Paper Chase', 1978-86 'Taxi', 1978-83 'The Waverly Wonders', 1978 'WKRP in Cincinnati, 1978-82 'The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas', 1978 'Evita', 1979 'The Alien Factor', 1978 'Animal House', 1978 John Belushi (1949-82) Kevin Bacon (1958-) 'Attack of the Killer Tomatoes', 1978 'The Blues Brothers', 1978 'The Boys from Brazil', 1978 'The Buddy Holly Story', 1978 'The Deer Hunter', 1978 John Cazale (1935-78) Christopher Walken (1943-) 'Grease', 1978 'Halloween', 1978 'Laserblast', 1978 'Midnight Express', 1978 'Pretty Baby', 1978 'Superman: The Movie', 1978 'The Wiz', 1978 The Rutles Wax Trax! Records Logo 'In a Year of Thirteen Moons', 1978 Calvin Klein (1942-) Brooke Shields, by Richard Avedon (1923-2004), 1980 Richard Avedon (1923-2004) Bob Crane (1928-78) Fred Schepisi (1939-) Paul Shaffer (1949-) Margaret Booth (1898-2002) Charlie Papazian (1950-) Stanley Tigerman (1930-) Philip Guston (1913-80) 'The Line' by Philip Guston (1913-80), 1978 Joerg Immendorff (1945-2007) 'Cafe Deutschland' by Joerg Immendorff, 1978 Jasper Johns (1930-) 'The Map' by Jasper Johns (1930-), 1978 Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97) 'Stepping Out', by Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), 1978 Dr. Gunther von Hagens (1945-) Plastination Example Susan B. Anthony Dollar, 1978- Intel 8086 Microprocessor, 1978 Epson MX-80, 1978 Tomohiro Nishikado (1944-) Space Invaders, 1978 Speak and Spell, 1978 Simon, 1978 Frank Gehry (1929-) Gehry House Symphony Space, 1978 Einstein Observatory, 1978 Baby Doe's Matchless Mine Restaurant, Denver, Colo. 1978 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet Mirage 2000

1978 Doomsday Clock: 9 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Horse (Feb. 7). Time Mag. Man of the Year: Deng Xiaoping (1904-97) (next time 1985). World pop.: 4.4B (200K increase per day); Egypt: 39.8M (vs. 20.5M in 1950); Iraq: 12.5M (vs. 5.2M), Iran: 38.2M (vs. 17.4M), Israel: 3.7M (vs. 1.3M); Jordan: 2.9M (vs. 1.3M); Lebanon: 2.9M (vs. 1.4M); Saudi Arabia: 7.9M (vs. 3.4M), Syria: 8.1M (vs. 3.5M). Avg. grain output per farm worker: U.S. 110K lbs., China 2.2K lbs. Unemployment: U.S. 6.0% (vs. 4.9% in 1973) (twice as many unemployed blacks as in 1968); Britain: 6.1% (vs. 2.9% in 1973); France: 5.5 (vs. 2.7% in 1973); West Germany: 3.4% (vs. 0.8% in 1973). In the U.S. 80% of the women in the workforce hold low-level clerical, sales, services or factory jobs; 50% of husband-wife families have two or more wage earners; 140K women and 4.173M men earn $25K or more; in Mar. the U.S. Dept. of Labor issues new regs to increase employment of women in blue-collar construction. U.S. households with TV sets: 98% (vs. 9% in 1950 and 83.2% in 1958); with color TV sets: 78% (vs. 3.1% in 1964 and 24.2% in 1968). U.S. shoe sales: running shoes: 13M pairs; jogger-type sneakers: 42M pairs. The U.S. EPA bans lead in new paint. On Jan. 1 crypto-sexual (childless) Bronx-born Dem. Jewish atty. Edward Irving "Ed" Koch (1924-2013) becomes New York City #105 (until Dec. 31, 1989), calling himself a "liberal with sanity", becoming known for riding the subway and standing on street corners asking passersby "How'm I doing?', going on to win reelection in 1981 with 75% of the vote after becoming the first New York City to win endosement by both the Dem. Party and Repub. Party, winning a 3rd term with 78% of the vote, launching an ambitious public housing renewal program in his last years before a corruption scandal and racial tensions cause him to lose to David Dinkins. On Jan. 1 Air India Flight 855 (Boeing 747) en route to Dubai explodes in midair after takeoff near Bombay, crashing into the sea and killing 213. On Jan. 1 border clashes between Cambodia and Vietnam lead to 8K deaths. On Jan. 1 a truck and bus collide head-on outside Nong Bua Deng, Thailand, killing 25 and injuring 86. On Jan. 1 the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act becomes effective, superseding the 1909 act, giving protection for up to 75 years after pub. (28 years plus a 47-year renewal term, or author's lifetime plus 50 years). On Jan. 2 Washington defeats Michigan by 27-20 in the 1978 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 3 the Congress Party of India splits, with Indira Gandhi as the head of the larger faction. On Jan. 3 Vietnamese troops occupy 400 sq. mi. of Cambodia, causing it to send ex-king Norodom Sihanouk to the U.N. to speak out against them; after his speech, he seeks refuge in China then North Korea. On Jan. 3 a bus plunges 130 ft. off a cliff outside Quetame, Oriente, Colombia, killing 30 and injuring 16. On Jan. 4 a referendum in Chile approves the govt. of Augusto Pinochet. On Jan. 5 Bulent Ecevit forms Turkey's 42nd govt. On Jan. 6 the Crown of St. Stephen is returned to Hungary after 32 years in U.S. custody. On Jan. 7 an article in the Iranian daily newspaper Ettela'at instigated by mole Gen. Fardoust criticizes exiled Shiite leader Ayatollah Khomeini, pissing-off Iran's 180K Muslim clergy, and on Jan. 8 riots rock Iran's holiest city of Qum on the 15th anniv. of the shah's land reform and women's emancipation decrees, causing the army and police to open fire, killing 162; on May 15 U. of Tehran students riot in Tabriz, causing the army to be called in; the CIA is caught by surprise because the shah had forbidden it to have contact with opposition groups; on June 9 the shah has the chief of the secret Savak police arrested on charges of corruption and torture of prisoners; too bad, Pres. Carter begins to listen to his advisors who want him to dump the shah for the ayatollah - you want it, you got it? The Soviets can't outdo the Amerikanskies technically, so they resort to multinational photo opps? On Jan. 10 the Soviet Union launches cosmonauts Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (1942-) and Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (1933-2003) aboard the Soyuz 26 capsule for a rendezvous with the Salyut 6 space lab on Jan. 11, returning to Earth on Mar. 16; on Mar. 2 Soyuz 28 is launched, carrying Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Aleksandrovich Gubarev (1931-), and Czech pilot Vladimir Remek (1948-), who becomes the first non-Russian, non-Am. in space; after docking with Salyut 6, they set a new space endurance record of 140 days (high cheekbones in space?); on June 27 Soyuz 30 is launched, carrying Soviet cosmonauts Pyotr Ilyich Klimuk (1942-), and Miroslaw Hermaszewski (1941-), who becomes the first Polish cosmonaut; on July 5 they land safely in Soviet Kazakhstan; on Aug. 25 Soyuz 31 is launched, carrying Soviet cosmonaut Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky (1934-), and Sigmund Werner Paul Jahn (Jähn) (1937-), who becomes the first (East) German in space. On Jan. 10 Nicaraguan "La Prensa" newspaper pub. Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Cardenal (b. 1924) is assassinated in Managua for opposing dictator Gen. Anastasio Somoza, causing riots against the govt. to erupt; his family continues to pub. the newspaper; his pro-U.S. widow Violeta Barrios de Chamorra (1929-) later defeats Daniel Ortega to become pres. of Nicaragua in 1990-7. On Jan. 11 U.S. HEW secy. #12 (1977-9) Joseph Anthony Califano Jr. (1931-) calls cigarette smoking "slow-motion suicide", and announces a govt. campaign to discourage children and teenagers from picking up the habit, causing the Am. Tobacco Inst. to call it an intrusion on civil liberties; on Aug. 4 Pres. Carter visits N.C. and pledges to help them make cigarettes "even safer than they are", leaving the $80M USDA tobacco price support program in place. On Jan. 13 former Dem. vice-pres. #38 (1965-9) Hubert Horatio Humphrey (b. 1911) dies in Waverly, Minn. of cancer at age 66, and on Jan. 14-15 his body lies in state in the Capitol Rotunda; on Jan. 25 his liberal Dem. wife Muriel Fay Buck Humphrey (1912-98) becomes the first former Second Lady to serve in Congress in his seat (until Nov. 7). On Jan. 14 the Last Concert of the Sex Pistols is held in San Francisco, Calif; Johnny Rotten's last words to the audience are "Ever get the feeling you've been cheated?"; the band breaks up backstage after the show. On Jan. 15 Super Bowl XII (12) (1978) is held in New Orleans, La.; the Dallas Cowboys (NFC) defeat the Denver Broncos (AFC) and their Orange Crush defense 27-10, with mobility-challenged Broncos QB Larry Craig Morton (1943-) intercepted 4x in the first half; in the final seconds Dallas linebacker Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson (1953-) (#56) crumples an orange cup in his hand and shouts "There's your Orange Crush"; Cowboys defensive tackle Randall Lee "Randy" White (1953-) (#54) and defensive end Harvey Banks "Too Mean" Martin (1950-2001) (#79) share the MVP award. On Jan. 15 Fla. State U. students Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman are murdered in their sorority house in Tallahassee by Theodore Robert "Ted" Bundy (1946-89); after being captured in Pensacola on Feb. 15, next July 24 a Miami jury convicts him of first-degree murder, and he is executed on Jan. 24, 1989. On Jan. 16 NASA names 35 candidates to fly on the Space Shuttle, incl. Sally K. Ride (a woman) and Guin S. Bluford, Jr. (a black) - where's the Jew and the cripple? On Jan. 16 Glasgow, Scotland-born bi aristocratic butler and jewel thief Archibald Thomson Hall (1924-2002) (AKA Roy Fontaine after actress Joan Fontaine) AKA the Killer/Monster Butler is arrested after a murder spree that began in 1977 with the murder of a gamekeeper and ended with the drowning of his pedophile ex-con half-brother Donald and getting caught trying to dispose of the body. On Jan. 18 the European Court of Human Rights finds the govt. of the U.K. guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture. On Jan. 19 federal appeals court judge William Hedgcock Webster (1924-) is appointed dir. of the FBI (until May 25, 1987). On Jan. 19 the last of 19.2M Volkswagen Beetles since 1949 rolls off the assembly line in Emden, West Germany; only 15.007M Ford Model Ts were produced; VW continues to run Beetle factories in Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, and South Africa, plus their Rabbit plant in Wolfsburg, West Germany since July 1974. On Jan. 22 Ethiopia declares the ambassador of West Germany a persona non grata. On Jan. 24 the nuclear-powered Soviet satellite Cosmos 954, plunges through Earth's atmosphere and disintegrates, scattering radioactive debris over parts of Canada's Northwest Territories, alerting the world to the Soviet practice of putting nuclear reactors into orbit. On Jan. 25-27 the Great Blizzard of 1978 strikes the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region incl. Ill., Ind., Ky., Mich., Ohio, and SE Wisc. (40 in. of snow) along with SW Ont., Canada, with atmospheric pressure dropping 40 millibars in 24 hours accompanyed by wind gusts of up to 100 mph and wind chills of -51C (-60F), becoming the worst blizzard in U.S. history (until ?) and the worst in Ohio history (until ?) (51 killed), with the 3rd lowest non-tropical atmospheric pressure in mainland U.S. history (until ?), reaching 956.0 millibars (28.23 in. Hg) on Jan. 26 in Mount Clemens, Mich., doing $73M damage and killing 71+. On Jan. 26 Einstein's Theory of Relativity is officially reinstated in Communist China; on Feb. 11 they lift a ban on works by Aristotle, Dickens, and Shakespeare. On Jan. 26 the joint NASA, ESA, and U.K. Internat. Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) (AKA Explorer 57) is launched, becoming the first astronomical satellite to go into geosynchronous orbit; after far exceeding its 3-year lifespan, it is turned off in 1996 for budgetary reasons. On Jan. 27 after ACLU dir. (since 1970) Aryeh Neier (1937-) (a Jew born in Nazi Germany) backs them, the Ill. State Supreme Court rules that the Neo-Nazi Nat. Socialist Party of Am. (NSPA) can display the Swastika in a march in predominantly Jewish Skokie, Ill.; Neier's actions cause 30K to quit the ACLU, and he resigns in Apr., denying any connection; it later turns out that NSPA leader Francis Joseph "Frank" Collin (Cohen) (1944-) is of Jewish ancestry, causing him to be ousted, after which he does three years for child molestation in 1979-2 then becomes a neopagan author. On Jan. 28 Ted Nugent carves his autograph into the arm of a fan using his Bowie knife after being requested to. On Jan. 28 Richard Trenton Chase (1950-80) AKA "the Vampire of Sacramento" for drinking his victims' blood and eating their peop is arrested after killing six in 1 mo. in Sacramento, Calif.; he claimed that the Nazis would turn his blood to powder with poison planted beneath his soap dish if he didn't drink fresh blood; he had been committed to a mental institution in 1975, where he drank animal blood obtained with stolen syringes; he later commits suicide in prison via an OD of hoarded anti-depressants; the 1988 film "Rampage" is based on him. On Feb. 1 U.S. Pres. Carter gives a talk on the pending Torrijos-Carter Treaties. On Feb. 1 Hollywood film dir. Roman Polanski slips bail and flees to France to avoid charges on sex with a 13-y.-o. girl; in Jan. 2010 his wife (1989-) Emmanuelle Seigner (1966-) blames the "craziness" of 1970s L.A. for the whole thing. On Feb. 2 U.S. Jewish leaders bar a meeting with Egyptian pres. Anwar Sadat. On Feb. 2 PM (since 1976) Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima announces that Transkei in SE Africa will sever diplomatic ties with South Africa, becoming the first country to snub the only country it is recognized by?; too bad, after facing its economic dependence on South Africa, it soon backs down, and Kaiser decides to switch places with his brother George and becomes head of state (pres.) instead, and consolidate his grate powah. On Feb. 3 Deadman's Curve, a biopic about the surfer duo Jan and Dean starring Richard Hatch (Jan) and Bruce Davison (Dean) airs on CBS-TV, after which they make a comeback, touring with the Beach Boys. On Feb. 5-7 another frigid winter in the U.S. continues with the 1978 New England Blizzard, which blankets Rhode Island, Mass., and the New York metro area with 3-4 ft. of snow, kills 100, and causes $520M in damage. On Feb. 6 Burmese troops under gen. Ne Win stage Operation King Dragon (Naga Min) in Arakan, targeting Muslim minorities in the village of Sakkipara in Akyab under the guise of ridding the area of Muslim terrorists, with mass arrests and torture of the Rohingya people causing 300K to flee to Bangladesh within 3 mo., where the U.N. begins a relief operation for their camps. On Feb. 7 Ethiopia backed by Cuban troops mounts a counterattack against Somalia insurgents, causing Somalia to mobilize on Feb. 11; on Mar. 3 Ethiopia admits the presence of Cuban soldiers in Ogaden; by the end of Mar. the Somalian troops are driven out of Ethiopia, although border skirmishes continue through 1986. On Feb. 8 the deliberations of the U.S. Senate are broadcast on radio for the 1st time as members open debate on the Panama Canal treaties; on Apr. 8 the British Parliament follows suit with regular radio broadcasts; on Apr. 18 the U.S. Senate votes 68-32 to ratify the U.S.-Panama Treaty, turning the canal over to Panama on Dec. 31, 1999, with neutrality guaranteed, signaling a new era in U.S.-Latin Am. relations; major opponent, former diplomat and United Fruit Co. lobbyist Spruille Braden (b. 1894) died of heart disease in Los Angeles on Jan. 10. On Feb. 9 Canada expels 11 Soviets in a spying case. On Feb. 9 cholera breaks out in Tanzania (home of Mt. Kilimanjaro), killing 300. On Feb. 11 Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314 (Boeing 737) en route from Edmonton to Castlegar crashes in Cranbrook, B.C., Canada, killing 42 of 49 aboard. On Feb. 11 Rev. Sun Myung Moon weds 16 Unification Church couples in New York City, beginning a campaign to wed more each time. On Feb. 13 the Sydney Hilton Bombing sees a bomb go off outside the hotel during the first Commonwealth Heads of Govt. Regional Meeting, killing two garbage workers and a policeman, and injuring 11; after no perps are found, the N.S.W. parliament unanimously calls for an inquiry into govt. involvement in 1991 and 1995, but the govt. vetoes them. On Feb. 15-Mar. 3 Rhodesian PM (since Apr. 13, 1964) Ian Douglas Smith (1919-2007), Methodist Bishop Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (1925-2010), Methodist minister Ndabaningi Sithole (1920-2000) (1963 founder of the Zimbabwe African Nat. Union), and Sen. Chief Jeremiah Chirau (1924-90) (leader of the Zimbabwe United People's Org., run by chiefs) hold talks and sign an internal settlement to bring black majority rule into effect by Dec. 31; Muzorewa and Sithole become rivals for the next 20+ years. On Feb. 15 serial killer Ted Bundy is captured in Pensacola, Fla.; on Feb. 16 the Hillside Strangler claims his 10th and final victim in L.A. On Feb. 16 China and Japan sign a $20B trade pact, the most important move since the 1972 resumption of diplomatic ties. On Feb. 17 the La Mon Restaurant Bombing sees the PIRA kill 12 members of the Protestant Orange Order and injure 30 near Belfast. On Feb. 21 utility co. workers digging ditches in Mexico City at the corner of Guatemala and Argentine streets uncover a stone monument to the Aztec goddess Coyolxauhqui (koh-yohl-SHAU-kee), sister of the Aztec god of war Huitzilopochtli, triggering a project beginning Mar. 20 to excavate the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, which contains at least four earlier temples and which had been partly razed by the Spanish to build a Roman Catholic church. In Feb. Chinese PM (1976-80) Hua Guofeng tells the 5th Internat. People's Congress that China must lower its birthrate to less than 10 per 1K within three years - you first? In late Feb. computers make the cover of Time mag. In Feb. Dennis Wise (1954-) unveils his new look, having undergone plastic surgery to look like his idol Elvis Presley (1935-77), after which he tours doing impersonations. On Mar. 1 the remains of comedian Charles Chaplin along with his coffin are stolen by extortionists from his grave in Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland; they are recovered 10 mi. from the cemetery near Lake Geneva 11 weeks later on May 17. On Mar. 3 Rhodesia attacks Zambia. On Mar. 6 Lakeville, Ky.-bornLarry Claxton Flynt Jr. (1942-2021), white sex-addict publisher of Hustler mag. (known for going beyond "Playboy" and "Penthouse" with "open pussy" photos, lesbianism, B&D, etc.) is shot outside a courtroom in Lawrenceville, Ga. along with atty. Gene Reeves Jr., allegedly by white supremacist assassin Joseph Paul Franklin (1950-2013), who got pissed-off at an ed. of Hustler portraying interracial sex, and who escapes and later attempts to assassinate civil rights leader Vernon E. Jordan on May 29, 1980; the .44 caliber rifle shot paralyzes Flynt from the waist down; Flynt had begun offering a $1M reward for info. on JFK's assassination, and had allegedly been converted to evangelical Christianity last year by Ruth Carter Stapleton, sister of Pres. Jimmy Carter; since Franklin was also a Christian, he didn't attempt to kill Flynt for the porno mag. but really to keep him from finding out the truth about JFK? - who changes his diapers? On Mar. 7 the Soviets allow an avante garde painting show in Moscow but remove several works for ideological reasons, incl. works by Vitaly Limtsky, Vladimir N. Petrov-Gladki, Nikolai N. Rumyantseve, and Vladislav Pomotorov. On Mar. 9 Nicaraguan Nat. Guard Chief gen. Reynaldo Perez "El Perro" "The Dog" Vega is assassinated. On Mar. 9 a bus and gasoline truck collide on the Faria Lima Expressway near Barretos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, killing 19 and injuring five. On Mar. 10 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Nuclear Exports Control Act, imposing strict controls on export of U.S. nuclear technology, incl. prohibiting a receiving nation from enriching uranian to 90%+ concentration as needed for a bomb; after India refuses to agree, on Apr. 20 the Nuclear Regulatory Commission bars the sale of 7.6 tons of enriched uranium to them, but Pres. Carter steps in approves it on Apr. 27. On Mar. 10 (Fri.) The Incredible Hulk, based on the Marvel comic book series debuts on CBS-TV for 82 episodes (until June 2, 1982), starring Wilfred Bailey Everett "Bill" Bixby (1934-93) as meek mild whimp Dr. David Bruce Banner, and 6'5 bodybuilder Louis Jude "Lou" Ferrigno (1951-) (who beat 6'0" Arnold Schwarzenegger for the part because he's so much taller) as his big pumped-up green alter ego the Incredible Hulk. On Mar. 11 after fighting breaks out between Syria and the Lebanese Christian militia in Feb., the Coastal Road Massacre sees Fatah members led by 18-y.-o. female jihadist Dalal Mughrabi (1959-78) sail from Lebanon into Israel in rubber boats and kill a U.S. tourist on the beach, then hijack a bus near Haifa, then hijack a 2nd bus en route to Tel Aviv, causing a chase and shootout killing 37 and wounding 76 Israeli civilians; on Mar. 14 Israel launches Operation Litani, invading S Lebanon up to the Litani River to destroy PLO bases and push them N of the River, causing the U.N. Security Council on Mar. 19 to pass Resolution 425, followed on Mar. 19 by Resolution 426 calling for their withdrawal and the establishment of a 6-mo. peacekeeping force, after which they begin withdrawing on Apr. 11, allowing the peacekeepers to to occupy a buffer zone between the border and the Litani River after creating 285K refugees and killing 1K-2K, mostly civilians, while losing only 20 Israeli soldiers, although some are later court-martialed for strangling and executing peasants; after Yasir Arafat agrees to keep his forces out of the buffer zone on May 24, the Israeli withdrawal is completed on June 13, turning over posts to Christian militia who set up an independent enclave. On Mar. 15 the U.S. Congress has nothing better to do, so it posthumously promotes George Washington to the newly-created rank of General of the Armies of the United States, so that nobody can ever top him - 6.66 stars? On Mar. 16 the U.S. tanker Amoco Cadiz runs aground off the coast of Brittany near Brest, France, spilling 1.62M barrels of crude oil, becoming the worst oil spill so far in history (until ?). On Mar. 16 while en route to the Italian parliament to discuss voting confidence in the new govt. of Giulio Andreotti with the first-ever support of the Communist Party, former Italian PM (1963-8, 1974-6) and Christian Dem. leader Aldo Moro (b. 1916) is kidnapped by the left-wing terrorist Red Brigades, led by Mario Moretti (1946-), who ambush his car on Via Fani in Rome and kill all five of his guards, becoming known as the Second Red Brigades since all the founders are in jail; the trial in Italy of the First Red Brigade terrorists (begun Mar. 9) continues anyway, and on May 9 after 55 days the bullet-riddled body of Moro is found in a parked car on Via Caetani in Rome after the govt. fails to release them as demanded and they hold their own "people's trial" that finds him guilty; Moretti is caught and given six life sentences, but only serves 15 years until he is paroled in 1998, causing speculation that he was a double-agent; the incident backfires when police are given greater powers against terrorists, causing them to begin to wink out by the end of the decade. On Mar. 17 13 opponents of Pres. Mobutu are executed in Zaire; on May 12 Angolan-backed rebels occupy Kolwezi, Zaire, mining center of Shaba Province, causing the govt. to ask for military help from the U.S., Britain, Belgium and Morocco, and on May 19-20 French and Belgian paratroopers arrive and drive them out and evacuate 1.8K Euros, killing 250 rebels, while losing 170 Euros, six paratroopers, and 700 natives. On Mar. 18 Pakistani PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto is sentenced to death by hanging. On Mar. 19 15-y.-o. black hood Willie James Bosket (1962-) shoots and kills Noel Perez on the New York City subway during an attempted robbery, then on Mar. 27 kills Moise Perez (no relation) in another attempted robberty, but since he's a minor he only gets five years in a youth facility, causing outcries leading to a change in N.Y. state law to allow juveniles as young as 13 to be tried in adult court for murder. On Mar. 22 Karl Wallenda (b. 1905), 73-y.-o. patriarch of Flying Wallendas high-wire act falls to his death while attempting to walk a cable strung between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico. On Mar. 25 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-4 in Frank W. Bowman v. Transportation Co. Inc. that blacks and other minorities are entitled to retroactive job security. On Mar. 26 New Left terrorists occupy the control tower and other facilities of the New Tokyo Internat. Airport, pushing its scheduled opening date from Mar. 31 to May 20. On Mar. 28 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 5-3 in Stump v. Sparkman that a judge is immune from lawsuits if he acts within his jurisdiction; Justice Potter Stewart dissents, saying "A judge is not free, like a loose cannon to inflict indiscriminate damage whenever he announces that he is acting in his judicial capacity." In the spring the Whitewater Controversy begins when Bill Clinton's buddy James B. "Jim" McDougal (1940-98) sells the Clintons on a plan to join with him and his wife Susan in buying 230 acres of undeveloped land along the south bank of the White River near Flippin, Ark. in the Ozark Mts. in order to subdivide it into lots for vacation homes for professionals from Chicago and Detroit who were wowed by "Deliverance"; they borrow $203K to buy land, then transfer ownership to the new Whitewater Development Corp. (incorporated June 18, 1979) in which they have equal shares; "One weekend here and you'll never want to live anywhere else"; too bad, the real estate market collapses, and in 1986 McDougal's Madison Guaranty is investigated for shady dealings, collapsing in 1989, costing the U.S. govt. $73M, and costing the Clintons between $37K-$69K. On Apr. 1 New Zealand Nat. Airways Corp. is merged with Air New Zealand to provide by domestic and internat. service. On Apr. 1 (Apr. Fool's Day) Dick Smith of Dick Smith Foods tows a fake iceberg to Sydney Habour in Australia, claiming it came from Antarctica, and offering ice cubes for 10 cents each to improve the flavor of their drinks; a rain causes it to be revealed to be made of firefighting foam and shaving cream over white sheets. On Apr. 2 (Sun.) the super-popular CBS-TV evening soap opera series Dallas debuts for 357 episodes on CBS-TV (until May 3, 1991) becoming a hit in 90 of 91 countries (exception: Japan) with its portrayal of rich and beautiful people who have as many if not more problems than ordinary folk, starring Larry Martin Hagman (1931-2012) as mean slimy Texas oilman John Ross "J.R." Ewing Jr., Linda Gray (1940-) as his alcoholic former Miss Texas wife Sue Ellen, Patrick Duffy (1949-) as his good brother Bobby, Victoria Principal (1950-) as Bobby's wife Pamela Barnes Ewing (Romeo and Juliet?), Jim Davis (1909-81) as patriarch Jock Ewing, Barbara Bel Geddes (1922-2005) as his wife Miss Ellie, Keenan Wynn (1916-86) as Jock's alcoholic ex-partner Digger Barnes, Ted Shackelford (1946-) as Jock's misfit 3rd son Gary, Charlene Tilton (1959-) as Jock's vixen daughter Lucy, Steve Kanaly (1946-) as ranch foreman and everhard stud Ray Krebbs, and Ken Kercheval (1935-) as Pam's brother Cliff Barnes, who spends his life trying to get J.R. for what he did to his daddy Digger; when Davis dies suddenly in 1981, he is portrayed as dying in a plane crash in South Am.; Hagman holds out for more money in 1981, and wins after Robert Culp and Robert Colbert are suggested as his replacements in vain. On Apr. 3 the 50th Academy Awards awards the best picture Oscar for 1977 to United Artists' (Jack Rollins and Charles H. Joffe) Annie Hall, along with best dir. to Woody Allen, and best actress to Diane Keaton; best actor goes to Richard Dreyfuss for The Goodbye Girl, best supporting actor and actress to Jason Robards and Vanessa Redgrave for Julia; Margaret Booth (1898-2002) receives an honorary Oscar for film editing, becoming the oldest person to receive one (until ?). On Apr. 6 Pres. Carter signs legislation raising the mandatory retirment age for most U.S. workers to 70. On Apr. 7 Pres. Carter reverses his decision to produce the neutron bomb (which has about 10% of the explosive power of a conventional fission bomb but more neutron radiation for killing people instead of structures), and postpones its production. On Apr. 9 a coup attempt in Somalia by military officers against Said Barre fails. On Apr. 12 after announcing it's closing, Radio City Music Hall in New York City fills its 6K seats, then switches from G-rated films to live shows with celeb performers along with the Rockettes. On Apr. 14 thousands march in Tbilisi, George after the Soviets try to mess with the constitutional status of the Georgian language. On Apr. 15 two express trains collide in Murazze di Vado in Bologna province, Italy, killing 48. On Apr. 16 a tornado strikes Orissa, India, killing 500-600. On Apr. 20 Korean Air Lines Flight 902 (Boeing 707) crash-lands on frozen lake Korpijarvi 280 mi. S of Murmansk in NW Russia after being fired on by a Soviet Su-15 interceptor for entering Soviet airspace; two passengers are killed and 10 are injured. On Apr. 22 the Blues Brothers, fronted by "Joliet Jake" and Elwood Blues (Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi) debut on Saturday Night Live, introduced by band leader Paul Shaffer (1949-) (all Canadians); not to be confused with British twin playwrights Peter and Anthony Shaffer (b. 1926). On Apr. 22 the One Love Peace Concert in Nat. Heroes Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica sees reggae star Bob Marley and his Wailers perform "Jammin'" to reconcile socialist PM (1972-80) Michael Norman Manley (1924-97) (socialist) and his conservative opponent Edward Philip George Seaga (1930-) (PM in 1980-9), who have both hired street thugs to wage a street war; too bad, it doesn't work, but Marley's premature death on May 11, 1981 does? On Apr. 23 a 25-lb. chunk of green ice from a leaky airplane toilet falls near an unused school bldg. in Ripley, Tenn. with a roar and a cloud of smoke. On Apr. 24 the Goodson-Todman game show Card Sharks, based on the card game Acey Deucey debuts on NBC-TV (until Oct. 23, 1981), hosted by Jim Perry (James Edward Dooley) (1933-), followed by CBS-TV on Jan. 6, 1986-Mar. 31, 1989, hosted by Bob Eubanks before going into syndication on Sept. 8, 1986-Sept. 11, 1987, hosted by Bill Rafferty, and again on Sept. 17, 2001-Jan. 11, 2002, hosted by Pat Bullard. On Apr. 25 St. Paul, Minn. becomes the 2nd U.S. city to repeal its gay rights ordinance after Dade County, Fla. On Apr. 25 William F. Clinton, atty.-gen. of Arkansas and candidate for gov. allegedly rapes nursing home admin. Juanita Broaddrick at the Camelot Inn in Little Rock; after waiting for two decades, she goes public on nat. TV in 1999, but no charges are filed - whata broad trick jokes here? On Apr. 26 a version of Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper appears on NBC-TV, featuring former Beatle Ringo Starr as himself and Ognir Rats. On Apr. 27 convicted Watergate defendant John D. Ehrlichman is released from an Ariz. prison after serving 18 mo. - bobbin' and weavin'? On Apr. 27 in W. Va. 51 construction workers plunge to their deaths when a scaffold inside a cooling tower at the Pleasants Power Station site falls 168 ft. to the ground. On Apr. 27 the Afghan Communist Rev. begins with the pro-Soviet leftist Saur Revolt (Great Saur Rev.); Pres. Mohammad Daoud Khan (b. 1910) is executed along with several fallen govt. leaders, and on Apr. 30 the Marxist Dem. Repub. of Afghanistan is proclaimed, with Nur Muhammad Taraki (1917-79) installed as pres. and PM (until Sept. 14, 1979), and Babrak Karmal as deputy PM, becoming the first country in South Asia to fall while under Communist rule, although it's to other Commies; on Dec. 5 Taraki and the Soviets sign a 20-year Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Good Neighborliness, incl. Soviet military assistance, which the Soviets later use as their pretext for invasion; meanwhile the Muslim pop. in the countryside won't go with atheistic Communism or secular govt., and stick to Sharia despite mass arrests and executions, causing mujahideen forces to gear up to topple them, and in June the Afghan Muslim fundamentalist guerrilla Mujahidin (Mujahideen) Movement is born, launching the Afghanistan War (ends ?) - we're baack? In Apr. Bernard Marcus and Arthur Blank are fired from Daylin Co., the parent of Handy Dan Home Improvement Centers; they go on to found Home Depot in Atlanta, Ga., which goes public in 1981. On May 2 Laotian king Sisavang Vathana (presumbably) dies in Communist captivity, and his son crown prince Soulivong Savang (1963-) becomes head of the royal house of Laos and heir apparent. On May 3 (Wed.) Sun Day, proclaimed by Pres. Carter is celebrated as thousands of people extolling the virtues of solar energy in events across the U.S. On May 4 the Battle of Cassinga in Angola sees the South African military attack a South West Africa People's Org. (SWAPO) base, which they claim is a refugee camp, becoming the first South African major air assault, launching Operation Reindeer. On May 4 25-y.-o. Bangladeshi Muslim immigrant Altab Ali is murdered in a racist attack while walking home from work in Tower Hamlets in London, England, causing 7K Bangladeshis to demonstrate in front of No. 10 Downing St.; the Islamic Forum of Europe is founded in London, spreading to most Euro countries. On May 5 Jewish-Am. entrepreneurs Bennett "Ben" Cohen (1951-) and Jerry Greenfield (1951-) (born 4 days apart in the same Brooklyn, N.Y. hospital) found super-premium ice cream manufacturer Ben & Jerry's Homemade Holdings, Inc. in Burlington, Vt. with $12K. On May 6 at 12:34 the numbers 12345678 represent the time and date to geeks with no life. On May 8 Norway opens a natural gas field in the Polar Sea. On May 10 Britain's Princess Margaret and the Earl of Snowdon announce their intention of divorcing after 18 years of marriage. On May 11 N.Y. gov. Hugh Carey signs legislation ending the Prohibition Era ban on using the word saloon. On May 12 the U.S. Commerce Dept. announces that hurricanes will no longer be named exclusively after women - taming of the shrew jokes here? On May 12-13 after he turns Socialist, Comoros pres. (since 1976) Ali Soulih (b. 1937) is deposed by a small boatload of 44 mercenaries led by white French-born Col. Bob Denard (Gilbret Bourgeaud) (1929-2007) (model for Frederick Forsyth's novel "The Dogs of War"), incl. some of whom had aided him three years earlier, and killed under mysterious circumstances while allegedly trying to escape on May 29; after they return from exile on May 22, a "political and military directorate" headed by Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane (1919-89) and Mohammed Ahmed (1917-84) governs until Oct. 1, when a new constitution ushers in a repub.; on Oct. 3 Ahmed resigns, and on Oct. 25 Abdallah becomes pres. (until Nov. 26, 1989); Denard converts to Islam under the name Said Mustapha Mahdjoub, and becomes a citizen of Comoros, running the 500-man pres. guard and building a personal financial empire, then later reverts to Roman Catholicism. On May 13 Joie Chitwood (1912-88) drives a Chevette 5.6 mi. on just two wheels. On May 15 Congolese Nat. Liberation Front invaders from Angola capture the Kolwezi mining district of Zaire's Shaba (formerly Katanga) province, and on May 19 100 European whites (mining experts?) and 300 blacks are massacred; 1K French Foreign Legion and 1.75K Belgium paratroopers are dropped in to restore order and evacuate 2K Europeans, with the U.S. supplying 18 air transports; this time Pres. Carter backs Mobutu's assertions of Soviet-Cuban crypto-involvement. On May 18 over Vatican protests, Italy votes to legalize abortion during the first 90 days of pregnancy, with girls under 18 needing parental approval. On May 22 the U.S. House of Reps. approves granting most-favored nation status to Hungary, becoming the 4th Eastern Euro state to get it after Romania, Yugoslavia, and Poland. On May 25 a package bomb from the Unabomber addressed to materials engineering prof. Buckley Crist injures Terry Marker, a Northwestern U. security guard, becoming the first victim of Theodore John "Ted" Kaczynski (1942-) AKA the Unabomber (univ. and airlines bomber), a math prodigy who earned a doctorate in math in 1967 and becomes an asst. prof. at UCB, then dropped out in 1969, going on to kill three and injure 23 by 1995. On May 26 Resorts Internat., the first legal casino in the E U.S. opens in Atlantic City, N.J.; it rakes in $2M in its first week. On May 31 an investigation into opera world corruption in Italy leads to the arrest of 29 opera house mgrs., agents, and art dirs. In May expulsion of ethnic Chinese by Vietnam produces an open rupture with Communist China as Beijing sides with Cambodia in border fighting with Vietnam, and charges Hanoi with aggression. In May in the Dominican Repub. longtime free election supporter Joaquin Balaguer changes his mind as vote counting shows him losing his 4th term election, and the army steps in, but after Pres. Carter warns him, Balaguer accepts the victory of his opponent, wealthy cattle rancher Antonio Guzman Fernandez (1911-82) of the Dominican Rev. Party, who becomes pres. #49 of the Dominican Repub. (until 1982), going on to reform the military while his economic legislation is stymied by an opposition majority in congress. In May-Sept. floods in N India kill 1,291. On June 1 the U.S. reports finding wiretaps in the U.S. embassy in Moscow. On June 2 2K delegates attend a Nat. Right to Life Committee convention to fight for an anti-abortion amendment to the U.S. Constitution. On June 6 Proposition 13, sponsored by cigar-smoking vodka-drinking Mormon-raised Repub. taxpayer advocate Howard Jarvis (1903-86) passes overwhelmingly (62.6% of 10.1M votes) in Calif., cutting property taxes by 60% ($7B), launching a wave of anti-big govt. initiatives across the U.S. On June 6 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules 7-2 in Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services that the 1871 U.S. Civil Rights (Ku Klux Klan) Act applies to muncipalities as well as states. On June 6 the hour-long 60 Minutes clone news mag. series 20/20 debuts on ABC-TV for ? episodes (until ?), hosted by Hugh Malcolm Downs (1921-), moving to Thursdays on May 31, 1979, and Fridays in Sept. 1987 after Barbara Walters (1929-) joins in 1979. On June 8 and June 14 the Soviet Union launches twin probes Venera 9 and Venera 10; on Oct. 22 (5:13 UT) Venera 9 makes a soft landing on Venus (first-ever), sending back photographs for 53 min. before being crushed in the 90-bar pressure at 905F (485C); on Oct. 25 Venera 10 follows suit, sending back photographs for 65 min.; on Sept. 9 and 14 the Soviet Union launches twin probes Venera 11 and Venera 12, which soft-land on Venus in late Dec. and transmit data to Earth for 95 and 110 min. respectively. On June 8 after deliberating 11 hours, a jury in Clark County, Nev. finds that the "Mormon Will" purportedly written by late billionaire Howard Hughes is a four-flushing forgery - who paid off whom? On June 9 after 148 years of institutional white supremacy, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) pres. #12 (1973-85) Dispenser of White Gumballs, er, Spencer Woolley Kimball (1895-1985) announces a Revelation on Priesthood, received in the Salt Lake Temple on June 1, finally allowing blacks ("Canaanites") to be ordained as priests, and on June 11 Joseph Freeman Jr. (1952-) becomes the first black priest ordained by the LDS Church; by 1997 it has 500K members; the real reason is the imminent opening of a new temple in Sao Paulo, Brazil, which is filled with African-mixed people who can't read English? that the "Mormon Will" purportedly written by late billionaire Howard Hughes is a four-flushing forgery - who paid off whom? On June 15 26-y.-o. Arab-Am. Lisa Halaby of New York City marries King Hussein of Jordan, becoming Queen Noor (1952-). On June 16 Pres. Carter and Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos exchange instruments of ratification for the Panama Canal treaties. On June 17 the PIRA kills a British RUC officer and kidnaps another near Crossmaglen, County Armagh; on June 18 three RUC officers kidnap a Catholic priest in retaliation and later release him, being charged in Dec. for it. On June 19 the comic strip Garfield debuts, created by Ind.-born James Robert "Jim" Davis (1945-) (named after his opninionated grandfather), about America's favorite lasagna-loving cartoon cat Garfield, his owner Jon, and Jon's dog Odie in Muncie, Ind.; by 2013 it is syndicated in 2,580 newpspapers, setting a Guinness World Record. On June 20 a 6.5 earthquake hits Thessaloniki, Greece, killing 45, injuring hundreds and damaging some Byzantine landmarks. On June 21 a shootout between the Provisional IRA and the British army kills three IRA members and one civilian. On June 23 Josip Broz Tito (d. 1980) of Yugoslavia is named pres. for life - a safe bet? On June 23 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Admin. (OSHA) issues new rules limiting exposure to cotton dust, costing the industry $83M. On June 24 the first Gay and Lesbian March in Sydney, Austria is held to mark the 10th anniv. of the Stonewall Riots in New York City, followed on Oct. 20 by the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras, becoming the last such event in the world (until ?). On June 24 a suitcase bomb carried by an envoy sent by South Yemen (formerly Aden) pres. Salim Ali Rubayyi kills North Yemen pres. (since Oct. 11) Ahmad Hussein al-Ghashmi, who is succeeded by Lt. Col. (later Field Marshal) Ali Abdullah Saleh (1942-) (a Zaydi Shiite), who becomes pres. of North Yemen, followed by pres. of the Repub. of Yemen in 1990 (until ?); on June 26 a coup in South Yemen ousts pres. (since June 22, 1969) Salem Rubaye Ali (b. 1935), who is tried and shot, and is succeeded by Socialist Ali Nasir Muhammad (1939-), who is succeeded on Dec. 27 by Marxist Abd al-Fattah Ismail Ali Al-Jawfi (1939-86) (until Apr. 21, 1980), who ends attempts at reconciliation with North Yemen and permits a Soviet military buildup. On June 26 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 6-3 that New York City's 1965 Landmarks Preservation Law can be used to save Grand Central Terminal. On June 26 Breton nationalists set off a bomb in Versailles, France. It's a long road back from nowhere to nowhere? On June 28 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court votes 5-4 in Regents of the U. of Calif. v. Bakke to order the medical school at the U. of Calif. at Davis to admit white Marine Corps. vet Allan Paul Bakke (1940-), who claimed to be a victim of reverse racial discrimination under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and bans quotas, while a different 5-4 majority votes to allow race to be used as one factor in a mix of admissions criteria to promote "diversity", which becomes the new PC buzzword; there were 3,737 applicants for 100 seats, of which 16 were reserved for minorities only; Brennan, Marshall, White, Blackmun, and Powell concur, and Stevens, Stewart, Burger, and Rehnquist dissent. On June 28 NASA launches Seasat, the first satellite to analyze ocean currents and ice flow, using an imaging radar system; too bad, on Oct. 10 a short circuit ends its mission. On June 28 Am. Worldwide Church of God head Herbert W. Armstrong publicly announces that his handsome wining-dining-gambling-womanizing son-heir Garner Ted Armstrong (1930-2003) is "in the bonds of Satan", and removes him from church positions, excommunicating him, causing him to accuse his daddy of financial misconduct; after disappearing like a snake for awhile, Garner Ted resurfaces with his new Church of God Internat., then is accused of sexual advances by a massage therapist in 1995, and is booted out of that, and in 1998 he creates the Garner Ted Armstrong Evangelist Assoc., followed by the Intercontinental Church of God. On June 29 actor Bob Crane (b. 1928), famous for playing Col. Robert Hogan in the TV show Hogan's Heroes is found bludgeoned to death in a motel room in Scottsdale, Ariz.; the murder is unsolved until ? - I know nothing, nothing? On June 30 Ethiopia begins a massive invasion of pesky Eritrea. In June the FBI confronts anthropologist Gilberto Lopez y Rivas of Mexico, accusing him of being a spy for the Soviet Union. In June in Upper Volta constitutional rule returns with the election of a Nat. Assembly and the return of Gen. Sangoule Lamizana as pres. In June Daniel Muchiwa Lisulo (1930-2000) becomes PM of Zambia (until Feb. 1981). On July 1 Gen. Fernando Romeo Lucas Garcia (1924-2006) becomes pres. of Guatemala (until Mar. 23, 1982), beginning a "pacification" program involving forced relocations and Mano Blanca (death squad) activity, causing the U.S. to cut off military aid; Amnesty Internat. later charges him with responsibility for at least 5K political murders, incl. the destruction of 500 Indian villages. On July 2 the Arab League imposes a boycott on South Yemen. On July 2 British women celebrate the 50th anniv. of women's suffrage while rag, er, complaining about inequities, incl. 65% of the pay of men, and a law making a hubby responsible for filing his wife's income tax return. On July 3 China cuts off economic and technical aid to Vietnam. On July 3 the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT) is signed by Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuadar, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. On July 4 Memphis firefighters halt a 3-day strike under a court order. On July 5 a coup in Ghana deposes gen. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong as head of state (since Jan. 13, 1972), who is succeeded by Lt. Col. (later lt. gen.) Frederick William Kwasi "Fred" Akuffo (1937-79) (until June 4, 1979); Acheampong is executed on July 5, 1978. On July 5 Hungary and Austria agree to mutual abolition of visa requirements, effective Jan. 1, 1979, becoming the first such agreement between a Warsaw Pact country and non-Commie neighbor. On July 7 China cuts off all aid to Albania after a dispute and leaves it completely isolated - Sisko kid was a friend of mine? On July 7 the 1K-island 11K-sq.-mi. Solomon Islands (E of Papua New Guinea) (pop. 500k) gain independence from Britain after 85 years (1893), with a new 1978 Solomon Islands Constitution. On July 8 Socialist Alessandro "Sandro" Pertini (1896-1990) becomes pres. of Italy (until June 29, 1985), going on to facilitate cooperation between Communists and Christian Dems. while the Communists and neo-Fascists battle, becoming the world's oldest pres. by 1983. On July 9 Bolivian dictator Hugo Banzer Suarez's handpicked successor is elected in phony elections, causing a coup which on July 21 puts Gen. Juan Pereda Asbun (Asbún) (1931-) in power, calling for a democratic transition govt.; on Nov. 9 another coup is led by Gen. David Padilla Arancibia (1929-) (Aug. 1979), who promises elections for 1979; there are seven more presidents by 1982. On July 9 after it remains only three states short, a March for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) on the Mall in in Washington, D.C. draws 100K, demonstrating for a 7-year extension of the deadline for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) past Mar. 22, 1979, and on Aug. 15 the U.S. House of Reps votes 233-189 to extend the deadline by 39 mo., followed on Oct. 6 by the U.S. Senate by 60-36; too bad, Phillis Schafly's anti-ERA movement wins and it's not ratified (until ?). On July 10 after his failed efforts to annex part of the Spanish Sahara cause dissatisfaction, chief of staff Lt. Col. Mustapha (Mustafa) Ould Salek (1936-) (Arab Moor) overthrows pres. (since 1960) Moktar Ould Daddah in Mauritania, who flees into exile; Salek becomes pres. of the 20-man Military Committee for Nat. Salvation (until June 3, 1979). On July 11 the Los Alfaques Disaster sees 215+ tourists killed and 200+ injured at a camping site when a tanker truck filled with liquid propylene gas explodes on a coastal highway in Costa Daurada, S of Tarragona, Spain. On July 12 after an impeachment attempt (HR 805) in 1977 only gains 10 votes, on the eve of SALT negotiations Le Matin of Paris pub. a July 10 interview with U.S. ambassador to the U.N. (1976-9) Andrew Jackson Young Jr., in which he compares Soviet dissidents to U.S. civil rights activists, and utters the soundbyte that there are "hundreds, maybe even thousands" of "political prisoners in the United States", pissing-off Jews, causing Rep. Larry McDonald to try to impeach him on July 13, and Pres. Carter to rebuke him and the White House to disavow his views; he is finally forced to resign after meeting with a rep of the PLO against U.S. policy. On July 13 despite a $2B profit for the year, Lido Anthony "Lee" Iacocca (1924-) (the "moving force" behind the Ford Pinto) is fired as pres. (since 1970) of Ford Motor Co. by chmn. Henry Ford II, after which he becomes head of Chrysler in 1978-92. On July 14 despite world opinion, Soviet dissident refusenik Natan (Anatoly) Sharansky (Shcharansky) (b. 1948) is convicted of treasonous espionage and anti-Soviet agitation, and sentenced to 13 years at hard labor, uttering the courtroom soundbyte: "For more that two thousand years the Jewish people, my people, have been dispersed. But wherever they are, wherever Jews are found, every year they have repeated, 'Next year in Jerusalem.' Now, when I am further than ever from my people... facing many arduous years of imprisonment, I say, turning to my people... 'Next year in Jerusalem'"; he is released in 1986. On July 15 Elizabeth "Lisa" Hallaby (1951-), daughter of U.S. aviation exec Najeeb Hallaby (CEO of Pan Am. World Airways in 1969-72) marries king (1952-) Hussein I (1935-99) of Jordan in Amman (his 4th wife), receiving the name Queen Noor (Arab. "light") al-Hussein and voluntarily converting to Islam. On July 16 the military junta ruling Ecuador permits a free election, to be held next year. On July 17 in San Marino a Communist-Socialist coalition becomes Western Europe's only Communist-led govt. On July 19 United Brands pleads guilty to paying a $2.5M bribe to a Hondoruan official to reduce the export tax on bananans and grant a 20-year extension on favorable terms. On July 22 (9:45 a.m.) a 5-hour riot at the overcrowded 2K-man maximum security Pontiac Correctional Center (founded 1871) 100 mi. S of Chicago, Ill. causes $4M in damage and kills three and injures three of 300 guards. On July 25 the Cerro Maravilla Incident sees two Puerto Rican nationalists killed in a police ambush; the police are later found guilty of murder, and several high-ranking offices are implicated. On July 25 5 lb. 12 oz. Louise Joy Brown (1978-), the first test tube baby via In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) (ovule insemination in a Petri dish followed by reimplanation) is born in Oldham, England, causing a firestorm of controversy even though her mother Lesley Brown (1947-) was fertilized with sperm from her hubby; she was actually grown in a football-size jar; British gynecologist Patrick Christopher Steptoe (1913-88) and British physiologist Robert Geoffrey "Bob" Edwards (1925-) do the work, winning Edwards the 2010 Nobel Med. Prize. In July John Travolta (1954-) becomes the first male to make the cover of McCall's mag. On Aug. 1 Greek heiress Christina Onassis (1950-88) marries her 3rd hubby, glass-eyed gold-toothed Soviet merchant marine official Sergei Kauzov (1941-) in Moscow, claiming she wants a normal housewife role, even though he is claimed to have KGB connections by the U.S. govt.; they divorce in 1980. On Aug. 4 a bus carrying mentally-handicapped passenger plunges into a lake in Eastman, Quebec, Canada, killing 40 of 47. On Aug. 6 there is a bloodless coup in Honduras as Col. Melgar is ousted by Gen. Policarpo Paz García. On Aug. 6 the New York Times headline reads Hercule Poirot is Dead: Famed Belgian Detective, to coincide with the pub. of Agatha Christie's "Curtain: Poirot's Last Case", becoming the first fictional char. to be eulogized with an obit. in the NYT (until ?); how could they know about da pope? The Beatles become so popular in Rome that there are two popes named John-Paul in one year, or, The Walrus is Paul, or, Ratti, Pacelli, Roncalli, Montini, Luciani, Wojtyla - which name doesn't seem to fit? On Aug. 6 Pope (since June 21, 1963) Paul VI (b. 1897) dies suddenly at Castel Gandolfo, and on Aug. 26 Cardinal (since 1973) Albino Luciani (don't call him Lucky) is elected Pope (#263) John Paul I (1912-78) (first born in 20th cent.); the funeral is on Aug. 11; Paul VI's body is only lightly embalmed by the Signoracci family (who also embalmed John XXIII in 1963, and soon, John Paul I), and after two days on display in the hot summer his skin and fingernails begin losing their color; early on Sept. 28 John Paul I dies after 33 days in office (five weeks) (shortest in papal history until ?) (about the same as Pope Adrian V in 1276?) (Leo XI in 1605 lasted 8 weeks) under mysterious circumstances (his heart medicine, or deliberately poisoned?) while allegedly reading a copy of Thomas a Kempis' Imitation of Christ (Pope Paul VI's 1975 decree that autopsies are "undignified and unnecessary" is cited); funeral services are held at the Vatican for him on Oct. 4; on Oct. 16 58-y.-o. Cardinal (since 1967) Karol Wojtyla, archbishop of Cracow (Krakow) is elected Pope (#264) John Paul II (1920-2005), becoming the first non-Italian pope in 455 years since Adrian VI of Utrecht (1522-3), and the first pope under age 60 since Pius IX in 1846, going on to win frequent-flier miles, visiting over 50 nations in six continents; his goal is to keep the Church the same, like all the other popes?; during his days as a bishop in Poland he wrote the play The Jeweler's Shop (pub. Dec. 1960); the 1990 film The Godfather, Part 3 claims a plot by internat. bankers, the Vatican, and the Mafia. On Aug. 7 Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala (1916-2005) becomes pres. #33 of Colombia (until Aug. 7, 1982), going on to enact a Security Statue giving the military power to fight guerrillas. On Aug. 8 the U.S. launches Pioneer Venus 2, carrying scientific probes to study the atmosphere of Venus. On Aug. 7 U.S. pres. Carter announces a federal health emergency, becoming the first allocation of federal emergency funds for other than a natural disaster, and on Aug. 9 N.Y. gov. Hugh Carey signs an order for the relocation of 239 families living in Love Canal E of Niagara Falls in N.Y. (site of a toxic waste dump in 1942-53 by Hooker Chemical) after toxic waste leeched into the water table by heavy precipitation in 1975-6 causes birth defects and illnesses, and local activists make a stink; next Mar. ABC-TV airs The Killing Ground; in July the state begins moving 120 families into motels, and on Oct. 4 activists Jane Fonda and Tom Hayden visit the rea; in 1990 the EPA declares it safe for human habitation again - only love canal can break a heart? On Aug. 10 despite the efforts of the Clamshell Alliance, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission resumes construction of the Seabrook, N.H. Nuclear Plant. On Aug. 10 the gas tank of a 1973 Ford Pinto explodes in flames near Goshen, Ind. after being struck from behind by a van, fatally burning three young women; too bad, in Mar. 1980 a jury in Winimac, Ind. acquits Ford of criminal charges after it claims it began trying to recall them this June following a govt. investigation into complaints, despite co. officials marketing it while knowing about the problems because it was more cost-effective to pay damages than make changes that cost $11 per car at the cost of 180 less deaths. On Aug. 11 chiefs of state and foreign dignitaries arrive in Vatican City for the Funeral of Pope Paul VI at St. Peter's Basilica, attended by 100K. On Aug. 11 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Am. Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA), protecting Native Am. religious practice and sacred sites incl. the use of peyote in worship. On Aug. 11-17 the first successful transatlantic balloon flight is made by Max Leroy "Maxie" Anderson (1934-83), Benjamin L. "Ben" Abruzzo (1930-85) (of Albuquerque, N.M.), and Larry Newman (1947-2010), who leave Presque Isle, Maine in Double Eagle II from Presque Isle, Maine, and land six days later (137 hours 6 min.) on Aug. 17 in Miserey, France outside Paris after 137 hours 6 min. On Aug. 12 China and Japan sign the China-Japan Treaty of Peace and Friendship, pissing-off the Soviets, who call it hostile to them, causing the U.S. to see its chance, and announce with China the reopening of full diplomatic relations starting next Jan. 1 - until we can steal your Samurai technology and get even for the Rape of Nanking? On Aug. 12 the NASA Internat. Sun-Earth Explorer (ISEE-3) is launched; in 1983 it is renamed the Internat. Cometary Explorer (ICE) and redirected to study comet Giacobini-Zinner. On Aug. 13 a bomb in the Fakhani Palestinian area of West Beirut in an 8-story apt. bldg. set by the Israeli Mossad kills 120+; on Aug. 19 and Aug. 22 Israeli forces shell Hasbaya, and on Aug. 21 Israeli airplanes attack the Burj al-Brajneh Palestinian refugee camp in Beirut, killing five and wounding 25; more shelling continues until the invasion on June 6, 1982. On Aug. 17 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 433 to admit the Solomon Islands; on Dec. 6 it votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 442 to admit Dominica. On Aug. 20 four Shiite terrorists set fire to a crowded theater in Abadan, Iran, killing 377; the govt. blames Marxists, and the Shiites blame him, causing the PM to resign on Aug. 27, after which the shah tries to pacify his fundamentalist opponents by closing gambling casinos and dismissing hi-ranking Bahai's from his govt., incl. his personal physician - I'm a dinner jacket? On Aug. 22 pres. (since Dec. 12, 1964) Mzee Jomo Kenyatta (b. 1897), a leading figure in Kenya's struggle for independence dies, and is succeeded as pres. #2 by Kenyan African Nat. Union head vice-pres. Daniel Toroitich arap Moi (1924-) of the Kalengin tribe (until Dec. 30, 2002), proving to have staying power, his anti-Communist stance causing an attempted coup on Aug. 1, 1982, which turns him into a 1-party-state dictator - you can arap it around moi as long as you want? On Aug. 22 leftist guerrillas of the Sandanista Liberal Front (founded 1961) seize the Nat. Palace in Managua and hold hundreds of hostages for two days, freeing all but eight on Aug. 24 in exchange for release of political prisoners, $71K in cash, and safe passage to Panama. On Aug. 22 after the U.S. House approves it in the spring, the U.S. Senate passes a proposed constitutional amendment to give Washington, D.C. voting representation in the Congress; it goes to the state legislatures for ratification, but fizzles and dies. In Aug. Lebanese Shiite imam Musa al-Sadr (b. 1929) disappears after leaving for Libya to meet with two Libyan officials; murdered under rders of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi? In Aug. Mustafa Dodin et al. form the Village Leagues to seek a negotiated peace treaty with Israel in opposition to the PLO, pissing them off along with leftist Israelis, who consider the PLO as the only authentic voice of the Palestinian people; in 1981 PM Ariel Sharon appoints Menaham Milson of Hebrew U. as cmdr. of the West Bank, but he resigns in Sept. 1982 over the Sabra and Shatila Massacres, after which the movement starts to fizzle. On Sept. 3 Zimbabwe People's Rev. Army forces under Joshua Nkomo shoot down Air Rhodesia Flight 825 (Vickers Viscount) en route from Kariba to Salisbury with a SA-7 SAM, killing 38 out of 56, then shoot 10 of the survivors, incl. children, after which Nkomo chuckles about it in a BBC-Radio interview, pissing-off the white Rhodesians, who stage a furious counterattack; next Feb. 12 they shoot down another plane, killing all 59 aboard. On Sept. 4 Chuck Barris' The $1.98 Beauty Show, hosted by Rip Taylor debuts (until Sept. 1980), featuring six tongue-in-cheek beauty contestants vying for a title, a plastic crown, and a bouquet of rotten veggies. On Sept. 5-17 after support by Sudan pres. Gaafar el-Nimeiri, Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Israel meet for secret peace talks mediated by U.S. Pres. Carter in Camp David, Md. on Catoctin Mt., resulting in the Camp David Accords of Sept. 17, returning the Sinai peninsula to Egypt, recognizing Palestinian independence and normalizing Egyptian-Israeli relations. On Sept. 7 rock drummer Keith Moon (b. 1946) of The Who rock group dies of a drug OD - who? On Sept. 7 Bulgarian dissident writer-defector and BBC critic of the Bulgarian regime Georgi Ivanov Markov (b. 1929) is assassinated in London ext to the Waterloo Bridge by the Bulgarian secret police with an umbrella that injects a ricin-filled pellet into his leg, causing him to die on Sept. 11; in June 2005 it is revealed that it is the 3rd attempt, and the assassin is Francesco Gullino (Giullino), code name Piccadilly. On Sept. 7 (Thur.) the flop sitcom The Waverly Wonders debuts on NBC-TV for 9 episodes (until Oct. 6), starring retired NFL star Joseph William "Broadway Joe" Namath (1943-) as ex-pro basketball player Joe Casey, who teaches history at Waverly H.S. in Eastville, Wisc. and coaches the school basketball team, whose only decent player is a girl, Connie, played by Kim Lankford (1955-). On Sept. 8 (Black Fri.) anti-Shah demonstrations in Jaleh Square in Tehran, Iran cause police to kill 122 and wound 4K, after which the shah imposes martial law in Tehran and 11 other cities. On Sept. 9 (Sat.) the TV series The Paper Chase debuts on CBS-TV for 59 episodes (until 1979, then Apr. 15, 1983-Aug. 9, 1986), based on the 1970 novel by John Jay Osborn Jr. and the 1973 film about Harvard Law School freshmen, starring James Stephens (1951-) as student James T. Hart, and John Houseman (Jacques Haussmann) (1902-88) as stuffed-shorts, er, stuffed-shirt Prof. Charles W. Kingsfield, world's #1 authority on contract law. On Sept. 11 Bulgarian defector Georgiy (Georgi) Ivanov Markov (b. 1929) (who criticized the Bulgarian Commie regime several times on BBC) dies at a British hospital four days after being stabbed by a man wielding an umbrella with a metal miniball tip poisoned with ricin on Westminster Bridge in London. On Sept. 12 (Tue.) Taxi debuts on ABC-TV for 114 episodes (until June 15, 1983), switching to NBC-TV in June 1982, about the Sunshine Cab Co. in Manhattan, N.Y., starring 5'0" Daniel Michael "Danny" DeVito Jr. (1944-) as abusive boss Louie De Palma, Judd Seymore Hirsch (1935-) as Alex Rieger, Mary Lucy Denise "Marilu" Henner (1952-) as Elaine O'Connor Nardo, Tony Danza (Antonio Salvatore Iadanza) (1952-) as Anthony Mark "Tony" Banta, Christopher Allen Lloyd (1938-) as Rev. Jim "Iggy" Ignatowski, and Andrew Geoffrey "Andy" Kaufman (1949-84) as Latka Gravas, exploring the loser lives of the drivers along with social issues incl. drug addiction, single parenthood and divorce, sexuality, racism, teenie runaways et al.; the Checkers Motors Corp. of Kalamazoo, Mich. supplies the cars, until it closes in 1982; the opening credits show Danza driving in Cab #804 over and over along the Queensboro 59th St. Bridge; the theme song Angela is written and performed by Bob James from his 1978 album "Touchdown". On Sept. 14 the Soviet Union suspends further flights of the supersonic Concorde ripoff TU-144. On Sept. 14 (Thur.) Garry Marshall's sitcom Mork & Mindy debuts on CBS-TV for 95 episodes (until May 27, 1982) as a spinoff of "Happy Days", starring funny man Robin McLaurin Williams (1951-2014) as E.T. Mork from Ork, and sugar britches Pamela Gene "Pam" Dawber (1951-) as his human roommate Mindy McConnell, who live in Mile-High perfect town Boulder, Colo.; "Nanu nanu", "Shazbot", "Kay-o". On Sept. 16 the 7.4 Tabras Earthquake in Iran kills 25K, hastening the downfall of the U.S.-backed shah regime; the earthquake was secretly caused by the Soviet Union, using earthquake weapon technology, in this case a 10 megaton nuclear bomb whose shock wave was somehow redirected towards Iran, causing the U.S. to get even via the Apr. 15, 1979 7.0 Yugoslavian earthquake? On Sept. 16 after the military coup and martial law declaration of last July 5 settles things down, Pakistani pres. (since 1973) Fazel Elahi Chaudhry is officially replaced by Gen. Mohamed Zia ul-Haq (1924-88), who becomes Pakistani pres. #6 (until Aug. 17, 1988). On Sept. 17 the U.S. Congress passes the U.S. Internat. Banking Act, delegating regulation and supervision of foreign banks in the U.S. to the Federal Reserve. On Sept. 17 Battlestar Galactica, created by Glen Albert Larson (1937-2014) debuts on ABC-TV for 21 episodes (until Apr. 23, 1979), about a "ragtag group of ships" of the Colonial forces, 12 human colonies who are trying to find the lost 13th colony of Earth while battling the evil robotic Cylons in Yahren 7341; it stars Lorne Greene (1915-87) as Cmdr. Adama, Dirk Benedict (Niewoehner) (1945-) as Lt. Starbuck, Richard Hatch (1945-2017) as Capt. Apollo, John Colicos (1928-2000) as traitor Baltar, and "Lost in Space" star Jonathan Harris (Charasuchin) (1914-2002) as Cylon boss Lucifer; "There are those who believe that life here began out there, far across the universe, with tribes of humans who may have been the forefathers of the Egyptians, or the Toltecs, or the Mayans, that they may have been the architects of the Great Pyramids, or the lost civilizations of Lemuria or Atlantis. Some believe that there may yet be brothers of man who even now fight to survive—somewhere beyond the heavens!" (Patrick Macnee); too bad, since Larson is a Mormon he starts it out as a Mormon parable, but ends up getting sued by George Lucas for infringing on his Star Wars franchise, causing them to countersue - them star fighter ships look awfully similar? On Sept. 18 Hugh Wilson's WKRP in Cincinnati debuts on CBS-TV for 90 episodes (until Apr. 21,, 1982), starring Howard Lex Hesseman (1940-2022) as DJ "Dr. Johnny Fever" Caravella, Loni Kaye Anderson (1945-) as receptionist Jennifer Marlowe, Gary Sandy (1945-) as program dir. Andy Travis, Gordon Alexander Jump (1932-2003) as mgr. Arthur "Big Guy" Carlson, Richard Kinard Sanders (1940-) as anchorman Les Nessman, Timothy L. "Tim" Reid (1944-) as DJ Venus Flytrap, and Karin Jan Smithers (1949-) as junior employee Bailey Quarters; on Nov. 23 (Thanksgiving) the Turkeys Away episode immortalizes crass holiday commercialism, showing the radio station using a heli to drop live turkeys over the Pinedale Shopping Mall and forgetting they can't fly, while anchorman Less Nessman (Richard Sanders) gives a frantic live commentary a la the 1937 Hindenburg disaster. On Sept. 19 13-y.-o. newspaper boy Carl Bridgewater (b. 1965) surprises some burglars, who shoot him dead, causing a massive manhunt in West Midlands, England for the "Bridgewater Four"; on Nov. 9, 1979 James Robinson, Vincent Hickey, Michael Hickey, and Patrick Molloy are convicted; too bad, after 18 years their convictions are overtuned, and the case isn't solved until ?. On Sept. 20 Pakistani Gen. Rahimuddin Khan (1926-), who became martial law admin. last Sept. becomes gov. of Balochistan, Pakistan's largest province (until May 1984). On Sept. 20 Aaron Spelling's Vega$ debuts on ABC-TV for 66 episodes (until May 27, 1981), becoming the first TV series produced entirely in Las Vegas, starring Robert Urich (1946-2006) as private detective Dan Tanna, who drives a red 1957 Ford T-bird, which he parks in his living room in a warehouse on the Strip next to Circus Circus, and packs a .357 magnum, Tony Curtis (Bernard Schwartz) (1925-) as his chief client Phil "Slick" Roth, owner of the Desert Inn, Phyllis Davis (1940-) as his former showgirl asst. Beatrice Travis, and Greg Morris (1933-96) of "Mission: Impossible" fame as police Lt. David Nelson. On Sept. 21 the Provisional IRA explodes bombs near an RAF airfield in Eglington, County Londonerry, destroying the terminal, two hangars and four planes. On Sept. 25 Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) Flight 182 (Boeing 727) collides with a private Cessna plane while landing at tricky Lindbergh Field in San Diego, Calif., killing all 1128 passengers and seven crew aboard plus two in the Cessna and four on the ground, becoming the worst domestic aviation accident in U.S. history (until May 25, 1979); a human body crashes through the windshield of Mary C. Fuller's parked car as she is sitting with her 8-mo.-old son; Douglas Wyckoff of Sacramento, Calif. cancels his seat and survives, then shows why they call him blue skies smiling at me when he cancels another seat aboard AA Flight 191 next May 25, which becomes the next guess what so far in U.S. history. On Sept. 26 federal judge (since 1966) (first African-Am. female) Constance Baker Motley (1921-2005) rules in favor of Sports Illustrated reporter Melissa Ludtke Lincoln over the locker rooms at Yankee Stadium, women are given the same right to interview male players in the locker room as men; the U.S. Air Force Academy continues to ban them until 1990, when Denver Post reporter Natalie Meisler forces the issue, and they set up an interview room where the players' bodies are covered - yummy yummy yummy I got love in my tummy? On Sept. 25 Live from the Met broadcasts the first complete production of Giuseppe Verde's "Otello" since 1948, starring Jon Vickers. On Sept. 27 the last WWII-era anti-Soviet Forest Brothers guerrilla is discovered and killed in Estonia. On Sept. 28 John Vorster resigns, and "the Big Crocodile" Pieter Willem Botha (1916-2006) becomes PM of South Africa (until Sept. 14, 1984), while Vorster is appointed pres. On Sept. 29 floods of the Yamuna and Ganges Rivers in West Bengal kill 150 and leave 2M homeless. On Sept. 30 10-sq.-mi. Tuvalu (pop. 8K) gains independence from Britain after 86 years (1892), and on Oct. 1 Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo (1911-98) becomes gov.-gen. #1 (until Mar. 1, 1986). In the fall the U.S. Congress creates 401(k) Retirement Plans, effective Jan. 1, 1980, originally intending them for execs, but expanding to all workers; the number of plans grows to 17K in 1984 and 27M in 1998, fueling a boom in the stock market through the end of the cent., with 1999 assets totalling $2T. On Oct. 1 Vietnam attacks Cambodia along the border. On Oct. 3 Christo covers 3 mi. of winding footpaths in Jacob L. Loose Park in Kansas City, Mo. with nylon at a cost of $100K. On Oct. 6 the New York Times settles a class-action sex discrimination suit during an 88-day newspaper strike that shuts down all three New York City dailies, agreeing to pay 550 women $350K ($454.54 each avg.) in back pay and start an affirmative action program. On Oct. 10 Pres. Carter signs a bill authorizing the quarter-sized joke Susan B. Anthony Dollar; the Philadelphia Mint stamps the first one on Dec. 13, and they go into circulation next July 2; minting is discontinued in 1981, then started for one more year in 1999 - this dooms the ERA more than anything? On Oct. 10-17 after the Yankees defeat the Boston Red Sox by 5-4 in a 1-game playoff after being 14 games out of 1st place 2 mo. earlier, the New York Yankees (AL) defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers (NL) 4-2 to win the Seventy-Fifth (75th) World Series (their 22nd); 2nd time in a row for both teams; "Well, that kind of puts a damper on even a Yankee win" (Phil Rizzuto, referring to the death of the pope). On Oct. 12 Ugandan dictator Idi Amin (1925-2003) escapes an 11th assassination attempt in a heli after his crack Simba (Lion) Battalion rebels over the sagging economy and ambushes him in his pres. mansion in Kampala; the rebels hole-up in S Uganda, and the civil war spills into Tanzania. On Oct. 14 Pres. Carter signs a law legalizing home beer brewing in the U.S.; it actually only reopens the market to small craft brewers, and home brewers slide through with an exemption from excise taxes and penal bonds as long as they brew no more than 100 gal./year per adult and 200 gal./year per household, and don't sell it; state laws still have to be changed; in response, the Am. Homebrewers Assoc. (AHA) is founded in Boulder, Colo. by Charles N. "Charlie" Papazian (1950-) and Charlie Matzen, going on to pub. the mag. Zymurgy and sponsor the AHA Nat. Homebrewing Competition; in 1979 Papazian founds the Assoc. of Brewers, which merges in 1983 with the Inst. for Brewing and Fermentation Studies to form the Assoc. of Brewers, which merges in 2005 with the Brewers Assoc. of Am. (founded 1942) to form the Brewers Assoc., with him as pres. #1 (until ?); Papazian goes on to found the Great Am. Beer Festival and the World Beer Cup, and pub. the bestseller (900K copies) The Complete Joy of Brewing in 1984 (4th ed. on Sept. 30, 2014), which becomes the Bible for home brewers in the U.S. On Oct. 15 the U.S. bans the use of fluorocarbons in aerosol sprays to halt destruction of the ozone layer; Sweden joins on June 30, 1979; too bad, the U.S. law is full of loopholes and exemptions. On Oct. 17 Pres. Carter signs a bill restoring U.S. citizenship to Confederate Pres. Jefferson Davis - they must have had it planned since before Watergate? On Oct. 17-29 140 mph Super Typhoon Rita (Kading) begins E of the Marshall Islands, growing to typhoon strength on Oct. 20 and hitting the Philippines on Oct. 26, killing 300+ (354 missing) and causing $100M damage. On Oct. 18 Thorbjorn Falldin resigns when his conservative party demands less restrictions on nuclear power, and he is succeeded as Swedish PM #28 by liberal Stij Kjell Ola (Olof) Ullsten (1931-) (until Oct. 12, 1979). On Oct. 20 after 34 deaths are blamed on it, Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. begins a recall of 7M "500 Series" steel-belted radial tires, becoming the largest tire recall in history (until ?); in May 1980 the Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin. fines them $500K (largest fine on a U.S. corp. in history), and they recall another 1.8M tires. On Oct. 22 negotiators for Egypt and Israel announce in Washington that they have reached tentative agreement on the main points of a peace treaty. On Oct. 23 China and Japan exchange treaty ratification documents in Tokyo, formally ending four decades of hostility. On Oct. 24 Pres. Carter announces a new program of voluntary wage-price guidelines, causing the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. to leap a record 35.4 points on Nov. 1; on Nov. 6 Carter follows it with a $18.7B tax cut bill. On Oct. 24 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Airline Deregulation Act, continuing the federal transportation deregulation started in 1976 with the railroads, ending Civil Aeronautics Authority control of routes in 1983, pricing power in 1983, and the board itself on Jan. 1, 1985; followed by the 1980 U.S. Staggers Rail Act and the 1980 U.S. Motor Carrier Act. On Oct. 26 in Somalia the 17 leaders of the April coup are executed. On Oct. 26 in response to the Watergate Scandal, Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Ethics in Govt. Act requiring yearly financial statements by 14K top federal officials in all branches of govt. incl. the U.S. Supreme Court, and creates standby authority for a special prosecutor appointed by the U.S. atty. gen. to investigate alleged wrongdoing by high executive branch officials incl. the pres. and vice-pres.; too bad, there is nothing to stop special prosecutors with political motives. On Oct. 27 Egyptian Pres. Anwar Sadat and Israeli PM Menachem Begin are named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord. On Oct. 27 the U.S. Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act, sponsored by Rep. (D-Calif.) (1963-75) Augustus Freeman "Gus" Hawkins (1907-2007) and Sen. (D-Minn.) (1971-8) Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (1911-78) is signed by Pres. Carter, setting Keynesian nat. goals of full employment, growth in production, price stability, and balance of trade and budget; in practice it requires the chmn. of the Federal Reserve to testify biannually before the Senate Banking Committee. In Oct. San Francisco's City Hall and Civic Center area are declared a nat. landmark. In Oct. Mount Usu (475 mi. N of Tokyo) erupts, killing two and destroying 196 homes. In Oct. the Redhead Murders by the Bible Belt Strangler begin in the U.S. South incl. Tenn., Ark., Ky., Miss., Penn., and W. Va., continuing as long as 1992, with 6-11 victims, all redheads, whose bodies were abandoned along major highways; on Feb. 13, 1983 the first victim found near Littleton, Wetzel County, W. Va. On Nov. 1 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Middle Income Student Assistance Act, removing the income ceiling for federal student loans; too bad, exploding costs cause a needs test to be reinstituted in 1981. November, 1978 - a good month for the Devil and the beverage industry not? On Nov. 1 Uganda invades Tanzania in an attempt to quell Milton Obote and his rebels and annex a section of it, starting the Ugandan-Tanzanian War (ends 1979), causing the pissed-off Tanzanians to pump up their army from 40K to 100K and join with Ugandan exiles under former pres. Milton Obote, who form the Ugandan Nat. Liberation Army (UNLA); meanwhile Daffy Gaddafi of Libya sends 3K troops to help Amin, and they end up doing all the fighting while Amin's troops cart away stolen loot? On Nov. 2 RTE 2 goes on the air in Ireland. On Nov. 3 "Nature Isle of the Caribbean" Dominica between Guadeloupe and Martinique (pop. 70K) (named by Christopher Columbus for the Latin word for Sunday after discovering it on Sun., Nov. 3, 1493) gains independence from Britain after 173 years (1805), with capital at Roseau; the flag features the Sisserou Parrot. On Nov. 3 Diff'rent Strokes debuts on NBC-TV for 189 episodes (until May 4, 1985) (followed by ABC-TV from Sept. 27, 1985 to Mar. 7, 1986) for 189 episodes, starring cute little black guy (everybody should own one?) Gary Coleman (1968-) and less-cute black guy (but not old enough to be a threat to white wimmen yet?) Todd Anthony Bridges (1965-) in a mixed-race family, with hot young white sugar britches (close but not too close to interracial sex?) Dana Plato (1964-99), and introduces the U.S. public to the you-know-what-mixing issue in a palatable way, despite the suggestive title; Plato gets pregnant after the 6th season in 1984, and is dropped from the show; Janet Jackson appears on the show in 1980-4; after the show is canceled all the teen actors fizzle and go bad; Plato goes into porno and gets arrested for theft; Bridges becomes a drug and alcohol addict, and is acquitted in 1989 of assault with a deadly weapon in the near-fatal shooting of an L.A. drug dealer; Coleman ends up a no-longer-cute security guard who stays a virgin until age 40, when in Feb. 2008 he reveals his secret marriage to 22-y.-o. white redhead Shannon Price (1985-). On Nov. 4 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Nat. Energy Act, deregulating natural gas and forbidding electrical utilities to burn it, causing a glut of natural gas and a flip-flopping by the govt., which begins urging them to use it. On Nov. 4 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Pres. Records Act, declaring pres. papers to be public property, mandating the preservation of all created after Jan. 20, 1981, and calling for the release of pres. papers 12 years after their admin. ends; the law doesn't apply to private papers of members of Congress. On Nov. 4 (14th anniv. of the expelling of Khomeini from Iran) tens of thousands of students protest at Tehran U., shouting "Death to the Shah", "Death to America", "Death to Iran", and "Long Live Khomeini", then setting fire to the British embassy and other govt. bldgs.; on Nov. 5 after Muslim Shiite leader Ayatollah Khomeini calls for labor strife to topple the shah, the biggest-ever anti-shah demonstrations (100k) in Tehran, Iran see rioters sack the British embassy and troops fire in Jaleh Square, killing 121 and wounding 200, causing Shiite PM Jaffer Sharif-Emami (1911-98) to resign after 2 mo. in office; on Nov. 6 the cabinet resigns, and the shah appoints the first military govt. since 1953 to save his butt, headed by CIC Maj. Gen. Gholam Reza Azhari (1912-2001) as PM, who tries a military crackdown as the nation erupts in revolt; on Dec. 21 Azhari utters the soundbyte "The country is lost because the shah cannot make up his mind"; meanwhile the U.S. and Soviets threaten each other to stay out of it. On Nov. 4 the first Take Back the Night march in the red light district of San Francisco, Calif. is organized by Women Against Violence in Pornography and Media in protest of porno and rape. On Nov. 5 computer consultant Stanley Mark Rifkin (1946-) of San Fernando Valley, Calif. is arrested by the U.S. govt. for using a computer to steal $10.2M from the Security Pacific Bank in Los Angeles after he brags about it to a businessmen who turns fink, becoming the biggest bank robbery in U.S. history (until ?); the bank is unaware of it until the feds inform them; while out on bail Rifkin transfers another $50M illegally and is rearrested; in Mar. 1979 he is convicted and sentenced to 8 years. On Nov. 6 the U.S. Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 replaces the 1898 Nelson Bankruptcy Act, prohibiting employment discrimination against anyone declaring bankruptcy, and allowing individuals to protect much more of their property; after going into effect on Oct. 1, 1979, U.S. personal bankruptcy filings jump from 209.5K in 1979 to 367K in 1980. Speaking of saving butts? White milk moustaches on gays jokes here? On Nov. 7 Calif. Proposition 6 (Briggs Initiative), which would have banned gays, lesbians, and "anyone advocating a homosexual lifestyle" from teaching in Calif. public schools, sponsored by conservative Orange County legislator (1967-75) John V. Briggs (1930-) and backed by Anita Bryant is defeated, becoming a big V for new (since Jan. 8) gay Jewish San Francisco supervisor Harvey Milk; too bad, on Nov. 27 he and San Francisco mayor #37 (since Jan. 1976) George Richard Moscone (b. 1929) are gunned down inside City Hall by straight Roman Catholic ex-supervisor Daniel James "Dan" White (1946-85), who resigned on Nov. 10 but wants his job back, and gets pissed-off at Moscone's refusal to reinstate him, killing Moscone, then figuring it's 2-for-1 day and going to Milk's office, shooting him 5x then turning himself in 35 min. later at the city's Northern Police Station, after which he gets a voluntary manslaughter instead of murder conviction by raising the yummy "Twinkie Defense", then serves five years, and commits suicide two years later after becoming the most hated man in San Francisco history; in 2016 the U.S. Navy announces plans to name a U.S. Military Sealift Command fleet oiler after Milk - sweet harvest milk with mascarpone = twinkies? On Nov. 7 former Richard Nixon White House staff and Ford chief of staff Richard "Dick" Cheney is elected to the U.S. House of Reps. from Wyo. On Nov. 10 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978, establishing regulations for bank insider transactions and electronic fund transfers, creating the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) next Mar. 10. On Nov. 10 the 70K-acre Theodore Roosevelt Nat. Park in N.D. along the Little Missouri River is established, incl. part of Teddy's Elkhorn Ranch and a burning coal vein. On Nov. 11 Veterans Day, originally known as Armistice Day, which became a nat. holiday in 1938 is changed back by Congress to Nov. 11 from the 4th Mon. of Oct., which had been set in 1968. On Nov. 14-19 the Provisional IRA (PIRA) explodes 50 bombs across Northern Ireland, injuring 37. On Nov. 15 an Icelandair Loftleidir DC-8 jet en route from Mecca crashes into a coconut plantation while landing in Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing 183 Muslim pilgrims plus one on the ground. On Nov. 18 (Sat.) after arriving to investigate complaints of mistreatment of relatives, and being told by 20 members that they want to leave, then accompanying him to Port Kaituma Airport, anti-cult crusading U.S. Rep. (D-Calif.) (since Jan. 3, 1973) Leo Joseph Ryan Jr. (b. 1925) and four others are killed in Jonestown, Guyana by Larry Layton and three other members of Rev. Jim Jones' Peoples Temple of the Disciples of Christ of San Francisco, Calif. (founded 1955), making Ryan the first U.S. congressman killed in the line of duty (until ?); the killings are followed by the Jonestown Massacre, a night of mass murder-suicide by 918 cult members incl. 270+ children, becoming the worst religious mayhem since John of Leiden's cult in 1535, and the biggest mass killing of Am. civilians until ?; Jones kills himself, and only 32 members escape, incl. their controversial atty. Mark Lane (1947-); 75% of church members are black, a majority of them women who bought his promise of a black paradise sans racial prejudice, segregation, and economic inequality; Jones is often portrayed as a fundamentalist Christian but actually preached atheism and communism, and was the darling of San Francisco, openly praised by Jane Fonda, Angela Davis, Huey Newton, Harvey Milk et al.; the publicity hurts sales of Kool-Aid, even though a cheaper unsweetened brand called Flavor Aid (first marketed in 1929) might have been used instead of or as well; the Cult Awareness Network (CAN) is founded to deprogram its members; too bad, in 1996 the Church of Scientology buys it in bankruptcy court - making its name an oxymoron? On Nov. 19-24 a cyclone hits Sri Lanka, killing 915. On Nov. 28 the Norwegian Storting reduces the voting age from 20 to 18, and passes a liberal abortion law. On Nov. 30 after labor problems, the London Time suspends pub. until Nov. 13, 1979. In Nov. the Democracy Wall Movement (ends Dec. 1979) starts when thousands of people put up a big char. poster on a long brick wall on Xidan St. in Xichen, Beijing to protest the Red Chinese establishment, launching the Beijing Spring and the Chinese Democracy Movement (ends ?). In Nov. after selling their shop in Dirty Denver, Colo., Jim Nash and Dannie Flesher open Wax Trax! Records on 2449 North Lincoln Ave. in Gangsterland Chicago, Ill., going on to become the center of the New Wave, punk rock, and industrial music scenes there; in mid-2014 after going kaput in 2001, founder Jim Nash's daughter Julia Nash reopens Wax Trax! Records with the release of a 12-in. single from Cocksure. On Dec. 1 the Tokyo Nikkei Dow Jones Avg. closes above 6K for the first time; it reached 5K for the 1st time in Dec. 1972, then slumped and didn't hit 5K again until Jan. of this year. On Dec. 3 Luis Herrera Campins (1925-2007) of the Christian Dems. is elected pres. of Venezuela in its 5th consecutive free election, taking office next Mar. 12 (until Feb. 2, 1984). On Dec. 3 the Southern Crescent passenger train derails in Shipman, Va., killing six and injuring 60. On Dec 4. after hundreds drown after being refused entry, Malaysia finally allows entry of Vietnamese boat people since they're mostly ethnic Chinese. On Dec. 4 San Francisco gets its first female mayor as Jewish-Am. city supervisor Dianne Feinstein (1933-) is named to replace the assassinated George Moscone (until Jan. 8, 1988). On Dec. 5 the U.S. space probe Pioneer Venus 1 begins beaming back its first picture of the planet Venus to scientists in Mountain View, Calif. On Dec. 6 (Constitution Day) Spain adopts a new 1978 Spanish Constitution, which is approved by referendum on Dec. 27 with 88% approval, recognizing the right to adequate housing, employment, social welfare, health care, and pensions, and recognizing the existence of regions and nationalities; it goes into effect on Dec. 29. On Dec. 7 Masayoshi Ohira (1910-80) becomes PM #68 of Japan; on Nov. 9, 1979 he begins a 2nd term (until June 12, 1980). On Dec. 8 Israeli PM (1969-74) Golda Meir (b. 1898) dies in Jerusalem at age 80. On Dec. 11 massive (1M-2M) demonstrations take place in Tehran, Iran against the Shah; in Isfahan 40 people are killed and 60 wounded during riots against the Shah. On Dec. 11 the Lufthansa Heist sees a Lufthansa plane robbed at JFK Airport in New York City of $5M in cash and $875K in jewelry by 6-7 members of the Lucchese family, incl. James "Jimmy the Gent" "the Irishman" Burke (1931-96), who obtained the permission of John Gotti since it's in Gambino territory; on Dec. 18 Parnell Stevens "Stacks" Edwards (b. 1947) is murdered by the mob for forgetting to ditch the van, followed by several more of the heist team, until Lucchese non-goodfella (Irish descent bars him) Henry Hill Jr. (1943-2012) rats them out to the FBI after being arrested for drug dealing in 1980. On Dec. 12 Italy decides to join the European Monetary System. The U.S. sells out its principles when it suits its purpose, or is it just being realistic? On Dec. 15 (Fri.) Pres. Carter announces that he will grant full diplomatic recognition to the Communist People's Repub. of China (PRC) (Red China) on New Year's Day, and sever official relations with the Repub. of China (ROC) (Taiwan) (Formosa), incl. the 1954 Taiwan Defense Treaty; it continues to maintain unofficial ties through the Am. Inst. in Taiwan, while Taiwan establishes the Coordination Council for North Am. Affairs in Washington, D.C. On Dec. 15 Cleveland, Ohio becomes the first U.S. city since the Great Depression to default on loans ($15.5M) under mayor Dennis Kucinich. On Dec. 16 Train 87 en route from Nanjing to Xining in China collides with Train 368 en route from Xi'an to Xuzhou near Yangzhuang railway station, killing 106 and injuring 218. On Dec. 17 OPEC meets in Abu Dhabi and votes to raise oil prices by 14.5% in four stages from $12.70 to $14.54 per barrel by Oct. 1, 1979, ending an 18-mo. price freeze on half of world crude production; on Dec. 20 Pemex in Mexico announces a 10.7% price increased to $14.50 by the end of 1979. On Dec. 18 after speeches by Grenadian PM Sir Eric Gairy, U.N. Gen. Assembly Decision 34/426 "invites interested member states to take appropriate steps to coordinate on a national level scientific research and investigation into extraterrestrial life, incl. unidentified flying objects, and to inform the Secretary-General of the observations, research and evaluation of such activities." On Dec. 18 despite the 1863 Nat. Bank Act not envisioning credit cards, the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court rules unanimously in Marquette Nat. Bank of Minneapolis v. First Omaha Service Corp. that nationally-chartered banks can charge the highest rate in the bank's home state nationwide, allowing them to bypass state usury laws, causing S.D. to bolt from the other 49 states and quickly eliminate all usury limits to attract the cos., which works bigtime, allowing them to charge unlimited rates if they can get away with it. On Dec. 19 former Indian PM Indira Gandhi is arrested and jailed for 1 week for contempt of parliament. On Dec. 20 former White House chief of staff H.R. Haldeman is released from prison after serving 18 mo. for his role in Watergate. On Dec. 21 police in Des Plaines, Ill. arrest nobody-named-John-Wayne-can-do-this John Wayne "the Killer Clown" Gacy Jr. (1942-94) and begin unearthing the stinking remains of 33 men and boys that he is later convicted of murdering; 27 bodies are found under his house, two in the backyard, and four in the nearby Des Plaines River; he is executed in 1994. On Dec. 22 South Africa agrees to a U.N. plan for an independent govt. in Namibia, policed by 7.5K U.N. and 1.5K South African troops until U.N.-supervised elections can be held next year. On Dec. 22 the Communist Party in China holds the Third Plenum of the 11th Nat. Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in Beijing, and in the sincerest form of flattery vis a vis Taiwan it unfetters the economy and allows limited private enterprise to develop with the Great Leap Forward, authored by Den Xiaoping, who introduces the "household responsibility system" in a drought-parched region, allowing farmers to selfishly keep some of the benefits of their labors. On Dec. 22 Argentina launches Operation Soberania against Chile to seize the Picton, Nueva, and Lennox Islands, which were awarded to Chile on May 22, 1977 by Elizabeth II; too bad, a severe storm causes the Argentine fleet to turn back and abort. On Dec. 23 Nancy Landon Kassebaum (1932-), daughter of Repub. Kan. gov. Alf Landon becomes U.S. Repub. Sen. for Kan. (until Jan. 3, 1997), becoming the first woman to serve in the Senate who wasn't a U.S. Rep. first or replaced a spouse. On Dec. 24 a mob storms the U.S. embassy in Tehran, Iran, causing U.S. Marine guards to use tear gas to chase them away. On Dec. 25 after making an announcement early in the year that it will begin socializing industry and agriculture in S Vietnam, causing hundreds of thousands of ethnic Chinese and Vietnamese to flee, and getting tired of border attacks, the Soviet-supplied Vietnamese army invades Cambodia to drive out the Khmer Rouge, becoming the first full-scale war between the two countries since 1917; 400 are killed in initial clashes. On Dec. 27 Algerian pres. (since June 19, 1965) Houari Boumedienne (Boumedične) (b. 1932) dies in Algiers after a long illness, and 2M mourners watch his funeral cortege make its way from the Great Mosque of Algiers to the El Alin Cemetery, where they go beserk, trampling each other in an attempt to touch the coffin. On Dec. 28 Panamanian jockey Nick Navarro (b. 1953) is killed by lightning while walking to his quarters from the track at Calder Race Course in Miami. On Dec. 29 in a frantic move to stop the fundamentalist Islamic rev., the shah of Iran asks a leader of the opposition Nat. Front to form a new civilian govt., and Dr. Shapour (Shahpur) Bakhtiar (1914-91) becomes the PM of Iran next Jan. 4 (until Feb. 11, 1979); meanwhile in Dec. U.S. nat. security advisor Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzezinski (1928-) gives the speech The Arc of Crisis, containing the soundbyte: "An Arc of Crisis stretches along the shores of the Indian Ocean, with fragile social and political structures in a region of vital importance to us threatened with fragmentation. The resulting political chaos could well be filled by elements hostile to our values and sympathetic to our adversaries"; this arc stretches from Indochina to South Africa, but focuses on "the nations that stretch across the southern flank of the Soviet Union from the Indian subcontinent to Turkey, and southward through the Arabian Peninsula to the Horn of Africa; "The center of gravity of this arc is Iran, the world's fourth largest oil producer and for more than two decades a citadel of U.S. military and economic strength in the Middle East. Now it appears that the 37-year reign of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi is almost over, ended by months of rising civil unrest and revolution"; too bad, he decides to mobilize an Arc of Islam to contain the Soviets, with Carter advisor James Bill saying that "a religious movement brought about with the United States' assistance would be a natural friend of the United States", and new White House Task Force on Iran George Wildman Ball (1909-94) (yet another member of the Trilateral Commission, and a longtime Bilderberg Group member) told to drop support of the Shah in favor of Ayatollah Khomeini despite billions of private U.S. dollars invested in Iran, and top-level military hardware already sold to it, going on a secret visit to Iran to arrange it with U.S. ambassador to Iran (1977-9) William Healy Sullivan (1922-), while the BBC broadcasts pro-Khomeini Persian language programs daily to Iran and refuses to give the Shah equal time to respond. On Dec. 29 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 805.01, down from 831.17 at the end of 1977, and below 800 on Jan. 6. On Dec. 31 Taiwanese diplomats strike their colors for the final time from the embassy flagpole in Washington, marking the end of diplomatic relations with the ever-faithful U.S. of Double Dumb A. on U. In Dec. aides of Tennessee Gov. Ray Blanton are charged with accepting money in exchange for approving paroles; two are later convicted and sent to priz. In Dec. union leader Nestor Cerpa Cartolini (1953-97) leads 50 workers in the occupation of the Cromotex textile factory in Lima, Peru to protest low wages and layoffs; they hold the plant for more than six weeks before the police storm it, killing several workers; after organizing a sit-in at the U.N. office in Lima in late 1979, Cerpa becomes leader of the pro-Cuban Marxist Tupac Amaru Rev. Movement (MRTA) (until 1997). In Dec. a plebiscite in Rwanda reelects Gen. Juvenal Habyarimana (1937-94) as pres. (until Apr. 6, 1994), adopts a new 1978 Rwandan Constitution, giving the Nat. Rev. Development Movement Party sole control of the country. Late in the year Thor Heyerdahl sails his reed craft Tigris down the Tigris River in Iraq to the Persian Gulf, crosses the Indian Ocean, and stops in Djibouti after 4 mo. and 4K mi., burning the craft as a protest against the internat. arms trade that he blames for the war between Ethiopia and Somalia. Monica Macias, 3rd wife of Equatorial Guinea dictator Francisco Macias flees the country, and he makes it illegal to baptize a baby with her name. Japan and China sign a treaty of peace and friendship, establishing closer trading links. Chinese journalist Wei Jingsheng (1950-) becomes a hero by putting a signed wall poster titled The Fifth Modernization on Democracy Wall in Beijing, pointing out that individual liberty and political democracy are the real modernizations needed, not the Four Modernizations (agriculture, industry, science & tech, and nat. defense) pushed by Deng Xiaping's Communist govt.; guess how the govt. responds to him, you guessed it, he is arrested on Mar. 1979, and sentenced to 15 years in prison on Oct. 16, 1979 (until Sept. 14, 1993). The U.S. Pregnancy Discrimination Act bans employment discrimination against pregnant women - whether or not they are planning on an abortion or are unmarried? Princess Caroline of Monaco, Princess Grace's eldest daughter marries French playboy Philippe Junot (1940-) despite parental disapproval; their marriage lasts two years. The Soviet Union rescinds the citizenship of composer-cellist Mstislav Rostropovich (1927-2007 and his wife soprano Galina Vishnevskaya. Los Angeles Philharmonic conductor (1962-76) Zubin Mehta becomes musical dir. of the New York Philharmonic. The largest recorded outbreak to date of anthrax occurs in Zimbabwe (ends 1980). The U.S. Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 is amended to expand the power of asset forfeiture by law enforcement; it is further expanded in 1984, permitting the govt. loot their own citizens like highway bandits. The Babbar Khalsa Sikh terrorist org. in India is founded to avenge the death of Sikhs. The Nye Co. of New Bedford, Mass. (founded 1844) ships its last bottle of whale oil. Brig. Gen. Margaret A. Brewer (1930-) becomes the first female gen. in the U.S. Marine Corps (retires 1980) - go down and give me ten? Random House recalls 10K copies of Woman's Day Crockery Cuisine by Sylvia Vaughn Thompson after it is discovered that the recipe for silky caramel slices omits water; "If the recipe is followed, the condensed milk can could explode and shatter the lid and liner of the crockery cooker." Prof. Bragi Arnason of the Univ. of Iceland proposes that Iceland become a Hydrogen Society, and the country begins the conversion to hydrogen power (fuel cells), attempting to become the Kuwait of the North. The U.S. Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act is passed, prohibiting construction of natural gas-fired power plants and restricting new oil-fired power plants; in 1982 provisions mandating conversion of existing gas-fueled plants to coal are repealed; the act is repealed in 1987, with new power plants required to be convertible to coal, although land set-asides for coal yards are often ignored; in 1978-88 natural gas's share of U.S. electrical power generation shrinks from 14% to 9%, while coal's share grows from 44% to 57%. India stops providing rhesus monkeys for scientific research. Mich. and Maine voters approve a ban on no-deposit no-return bottles despite lobbying by the Glass Packaging Inst. that it would be better to pass litter recycling laws, causing several other states to follow. The 1.1M acre Pinelands Nat. Reserve in N.J. is created by Congress, becoming the first U.S. nat. reserve. Diane Fosse sets up the Digit (Fosse) Fund (named after a murdered you know what) for saving the gorillas and help them keep their hands. The U.S. FDA prohibits males who have had sex with another male from this year on from donating blood (until ?). The U.S. is declared free of hog cholera. The Beijing Zoo produces the first panda cub via artificial insemination; by 1985 47 litters are produced. China officially adopts the Pinyin spelling system, replacing the Wade-Giles system. The Rockridge Inst. in Berkeley, Calif. is founded as a progressive think tank. The yearly Kennedy Center Honors are established to recognize lifetime achievements of selected U.S. performing artists; the first go to Marian Anderson, Fred Astaire, Richard Rodgers (1902-79), Arthur Rubinstein, and George Balanchine. Van Cliburn helps open the Boettcher Hall concert facility in Denver, Colo. The Mission Viejo Co. purchases 24 sq. mi. of land in unincorporated Douglas County, Colo. 12 mi. S of Denver near Littleton, and in 1981 founds Highlands Ranch, Colo. (modern-day pop. 96K) becoming known for mazelike cul-de-sac streets and green belts, and houses that all look alike. Geoff Travis (1952-) founds Rough Trade Records in London, England, which goes on to sign post-punk and alternative rock bands incl. The Smiths, Agitpop, The Raincoats, The Slits, Young Marble Giants, and Scritti Politti. Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, which declined steadily from 1963-77 begin rising. The U.S. Postal Service begins making Christmas stamps displaying a different work of art featuring the Madonna and child each year. An 100 kiloton explosion in the South Pacific is detected by a U.S. satellite, and suspected to be a nuclear test, but later is believed to be an asteroid landing in the water. After an outcry from winebibbers, Paris police stop giving Breathalyzer tests. Roman Catholic priest Michael Teta arrives in the diocese of Tucson, Ariz., beginning a reign of terror on boys, molesting them in the confessional et al.; despite pleases from his bishop Manuel Moreno, who describes him as "Satanic", future Pope Benedict XVI, head of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith takes charge of the case in June 1992, then sits on it until he becomes pope, then forces him to retire without defrocking him, which is not publicized until 2010. The Great Green Wall tree-planting project is begun in China to reverse desertification, eventually extending 2.8K mi. from Beijing to Outer Mongolia. The Am. Assoc. for the History of Nursing (AAHN) (originally Internat. History of Nursing Society) is founded, pub. The Nursing History Review. The city of Woonsocket, R.I. decrees in Sept. that manholes be called personholes, causing it to become the butt of jokes and trivia games - just what is a unisex woonsocket jokes here? The Knoxville Zoo in Tenn. becomes the first in the Western Hemisphere with an African elephant bred and born in captivity, named Little Diamond. Montreal, Canada-born Conrad Moffat Black (1944-) takes control of Argus Corp., building it into a media empire of hundreds of newspapers incl. the London Daily Telegraph and Jerusalem Post, and 400 newspapers in North Am. incl. the Chicago Sun Times. The Chicago Daily News suspends pub. after 102 years (1876). The first biennial Frisch Medal is awarded by Econometrica mag. to Scottish economist Angus Stewart Deaton (1945-). The Org. of Am. Historians establishes the Merle Curti Award for the best book on social, intellectual, and/or cultural history; the first award goes to Henry F. May for The Enlightenment in America. New York City-born Sidney Weintraub (1914-83) and his Brooklyn, N.Y.-born former student Paul Davidson (1930-) found the Journal of Post Keynesian Economics to promote Post Keynesian Economics, using the income tax mechanism to implement an anti-inflationary income policy; the term is coined in 1975 by Alfred S. Eichner (1937-88) and Jan. A. Kregel (1944-) in their article An Essay on Post-Keynesian Theory: A New Paradigm in Economics - don't ask where the hyphens go, it's so Keynesian? Self mag. begins pub. in New York City in Jan. Working Woman mag. begins pub. in New York City in Mar. Gilbert Baker (1951-) designs the Rainbow Gay Pride (Queer) Flag; hot pink=sexuality, red=life, orange=healing, yellow=sunlight, green=nature, turquoise=magic/art, blue=serenity, violet=spirit; pink and turquoise are later removed because of manufacturing difficulty. The Beit Hatfutsot Museum of the Jewish People in Tel Aviv, Israel is founded; in 2005 the Knesset defines it as "the National Center for Jewish communities in Israel and around the world". The Banana Republic chain of tropic-themed casual clothing stores is founded in Mill Valley, Calif.by Mel Ziegler and Patricia Ziegler; it is acquired in 1983 by the Gap. Bronx, N.Y.-born Jewish fashion designer Calvin Richard Klein (1942-) introduces his tight-fitting signature jeans, which sell 200K pairs the first week, launching his career of pushing ordinary clothing items for sex appeal, incl. men's underwear in the early 1980s; in 1980 he launches an ad campaign featuring 15-y.-o. Brooke Shields asking "Do you want to know what comes between me and my Calvins? Nothing", which are banned by some stations; the photographer is New York City fashion photographer Richard Avedon (1923-2004); in 1995 his ads are criticized as "kiddie porn"; on Nov. 19, 1980 CBS-TV rejects a Calvin Klein Jeans Ad Featuring Brooke Shields, where she utters the soundbyte "You know what comes between me and my Calvins? Nothing." Harry Belafonte appears on The Muppet Show, singing "Day-O" and "Turn the World Around", becoming Jim Henson's favorite episode. Canadian supermarket chain Loblaw introduces the first of 2K generic No Name products at 20%-30% lower prices to name-brand products, causing Safeway, A&P et al. to follow suit. The Au Bon Pain (At the Good Bread) fast-food French pastry shop chain is founded in Boston, Mass. by Louis Rapuano and Louis Kane after they acquire French oven manufacturer Pavaillier Machinery, expanding to 230 locations by 2008 incl. Walmart and Macy's. With funding by Hugh Hefner, the monthly mag. Food & Wine (originally The Internat. Review of Food and Wine) is founded in the U.S. by suit-loving Michael Carver Batterberry (1932-2010) and his wife Ariane Batterberry (nee Ruskin) (1935-) as a lower-class alternative to Gourmet and its "truffled pomposity", going on to introduce the dining public to "Perrier, the purple Peruvian potato and Patagonian toothfish" (New York Times) and reach a circ. of 900K a mo. in 1980 when it is sold to Am. Express; in 1983 the mag. begins holding the annual Food & Wine Classic in Aspen, Colo.; in 1988 they found the restaurant-hotel trade journal Food Arts; Michael Batterberry dies on July 28, 2010 after living to see Gourmet mag. fold. The French Laundry restaurant in Yountville, Napa Valley, Calif. is founded by Don and Sally Schmitt in a former steam laundry; in 1992 after studying under Am. chef Roland G. Henin, Oceanside, Calif.-born chef Thomas Keller (1955-) buys it and becomes head chef, going on to receive three Michelin stars in 2005, with Am. chef Anthony Bourdain calling it "the best restaurant in the world, period"; on Nov. 1, 1999 Keller pub. The French Laundry Cookbook. Colo. opens its first vineyard since Prohibition with Colorado Mountain Vineyards (later Colo. Cellars) in Grand Valley. The Na Hoku Hanohano Awards (Hawaiian "star of distinction") are established by KCCN-AM radio personality Krash Kealoha and station owner Sydney Grayson, later being selected by members of the the Hawai'i Academy of Recording Arts (founded 1982) as the Hawaiian Grammy Awards, with the awards presented each May. Hollywood actor Paul Newman serves as a U.S. delegate to the U.N. Conference on Disarmament. Hillary Clinton begins trading in cattle futures, turning $10K into $100K in 10 mo., beating odds of 31T-to-1 by allegedly "reading the Wall Street Journal", causing the Cattlegate controversy in Apr. 1994; she is not charged with any wrongdoing. GM installs its first automotive diesel engine in the Oldsmobile. Slash Records is founded in Los Angeles by painter Bob Biggs, editor of the fanzine Slash, who sings The Germs, X, Fear, The Blasters, L7, and Los Lobos; in 1981 they spin off the subsidiary Ruby Records, which signs The Misfits, Dream Syndicate, The Gun Club, Violent Femmes, BoDeans, Robyn Hitchcock, and Burning Spear; in 1986 they are acquired by London Records, a subsidiary of PolyGram. Peanut-flavored Reese's Pieces are introduced by Hershey Co. Sports: On Jan. 1 the Denver Broncos defeat the Oakland Raiders 20-17 in the AFC championship game, advancing to their first-ever Super Bowl, and becoming the biggest claim to fame of cow town Denver, Colo. to date. On Feb. 15 Leon Spinks (1953-) outpoints Muhammad Ali in 15 rounds in Las Vegas, Nev. to win the WBA world heavyweight boxing crown; on June 9 (after the WBC withdraws recognition of Leon Spinks on Mar. 18 and awards its title to Ken Norton for refusing to fight him) Ga.-born Larry Holmes (1949-), "the Easton Assassin" outpoints Ken Norton in 15 rounds in Las Vegas for the WBC heavyweight boxing crown; on Sept. 15 in New Orleans, La. On Feb. 19 the 1978 (20th) Daytona 500 is won by Robert Arthur "Bobby" Allison (1937-) #15) after a 67-race winless streak after Richard Petty charges to the lead in his new Dodge Magnum and leads 32 of the first 60 laps at an avg. speed of 180 mph until he cuts the left rear tire and spins out, taking David Pearson and Darrell Waltrip with him, after hich heavy rain causes a delay, and after the restart (lap 70) Parsons blows his left rear tire and spins, catching A.J. Foyt, who flips several times in the turn 1 infield, after which Cale Yarborough has engine problems, allowing Allison to take the lead in his boxy 1977 Bud Moore Thunderbird from Buddy Baker, becoming the worst starting position driver to win the race (until 2007); Claude Ballot-Lena (Ballot-Léna) (1936-99) becomes the first NASCAR driver from France. On Mar. 4 Randy Lightfoot (1957-) wins his first PBA title at the Burger King Open in Miami, Fla.; after the match Chris Schenkel asks him if he will be buying any Burger King Whoppers with his $30K prize money, and he says no, pissing-off Burger King, which doesn't sponsor another PBA event (until ?). On ? Muhammad Ali outpoints Leon Spinks and regains the WBA crown. On May 5 Peter Edward "Pete" Rose Sr. (1942-) of the Cincinnati Reds gets his 3,000th ML hit; on Aug. 1 his NL record of hitting in 44 consecutive games ends in a game against the Atlanta Braves. On May 13-25 the 1978 Stanley Cup Finals see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the Boston Bruins 4-2, becoming a 3-peat; MVP is 6'4" "Montreal defenceman Larry Clark 'Big Bird' Robinson (1951-). after the 1977-78 season the Frank J. Selke Trophy, named after Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens gen. mgr. Francis Joseph Aloysius "Frank" Selke (1893-1985) is established by the NHL for the forward who demonstrates the most defensive skill as selected by the Prof. Hockey Writers' Assoc.; the first award goes to Bob Gainey of the Montreal Canadiens, who goes on to 4-peat. On May 21-June 7 the 1978 NBA Finals sees the Washington Bullets, who had compiled only a 44-38 regular season record defeat the Seattle SuperSonics by 4-3; the Game 7 V is sealed with a dunk by guard Bob Dandridge; Wes Unseld of the Bullets is MVP. On May 28 the 1978 Indianapolis 500 is won by Al Unser, his 3rd (1970, 1971); first win for car owner Jim Hall. On June 9 the 1978 NBA Draft sees 22 teams select 202 players in 10 rounds; after the Portland Trail Blazers, Kansas City Kings, Indiana Pacers, New York Knicks, and Golden State Warriors pass, 6'9" West Baden, Ind.-born ("Larry Legend") ("Hick from French Lick") ("Basketball Jesus") ("Great White Hope") Larry Joe Bird (1956-) of Indiana State U. (sophomore) is selected #6 overall by the Boston Celtics (#33), but opts to stay in school another year before entering the league in 1979, going on to win rookie of the year and stay with the Celtics his entire 13-year career (until 1992), winning three NBA championships, three straight MVP awards, and two Finals MVP awards, playing in 13 straight All-Star Games, then becoming the head coach of the Indiana Pacers in 1997-2000. On June 10 Affirmed (1975-2001), ridden by 18-y.-o. jockey Steve Cauthen (1960-) becomes the 11th Triple Crown winner after winning the Belmont Stakes, defeating his rival Alydar (1975-90), who becomes the first horse to finish 2nd in all three Triple Crown races; next Triple Crown winner in ?. On June 19 Sir Ian Terence "Beefy" Botham (1955-) becomes the first cricketer in history to score a century and take 8 wickets in 1 inning of a Test match - pip pip bloody bloody and all that rot? On June 25 Argentina defeats Netherlands 3-1 in OT in Buenos Aires to win the 11th FIFA World Cup of Soccer. On July 7 Irv Levin swaps the Boston Celtics with John Y. Brown and Harry Mangurian for the Buffalo Braves, which move to San Diego, Calif., becoming the San Diego Clippers until 1984, when they move to Los Angeles, Calif. On July ? Bjorn Borg wins the Wimbledon men's singles title, and on July 7 Billie Jean King wins her 20th Wimbledon title, breaking the 45-y.-o. record of Elizabeth Ryan (b. 1879), who won 19 Wimbleton titles between 1914 and 1934, and collapsed in the stands at Wimbledon on July 6 and died that night; Jimmy Connors wins the U.S. Open men's single title, and Chris Evert wins the women's title. On July 29 Calif. swimmer Penny Dean (1955-) swims the English Channel in a record 7 hours 42 min. Jack Nicklaus wins his 3rd British Open; Gary Player wins his 3rd Masters golf tournament, and becomes the 3rd after Gene Sarazen and Ben Hogan to win the grand slam of golf, with the most major championships in three decades; Calif.-born first year golfer Nancy Lopez (1957-) wins a record five LPGA championships, winning a record $161,235. On Aug. 12, 1978 Oakland Raiders defensive back John David "Jack" "the Assassin" Tatum (1948-2010) paralyzes top New England Patriots WR Darryl Floyd Stingley (1951-2007) in a preseason game; on Sept. 10 the Oakland Raiders defeat the San Diego Chargers 21-20 in a last-min. play in which Raiders QB Kenneth Michael "Ken" "the Snake" Stabler (1945-2016) "fumbles" the ball ahead to Pete Banaszak (1944-), who then dittos to David John "Dave" "the Ghost" Casper (1952-), who falls on it in the end zone for a 21-20 win, becoming known as the Holy Roller (Immaculate Deception) Game, after which the rules are changed to only permit the fumbling player to recover a fumble on a 4th down play or any down after the 2-min. warning. Grete Waitz (nee Andersen) (1953-) of Norway wins her first of nine New York Marathons (197-80, 1982-6, 1988); in 1979 she becomes the first to finish in under 2:30 (2:27:33). In June Naomi James (1949-) of New Zealand becomes the first woman to sail solo around the world in her 53-ft. sloop Express Crusader via Cape Horn in 272 days (since Sept.), accompanied by her cat; she later becomes a dame. On Oct. 8 Ken Warby (1939-) of Australia sets a world water speed record of 317.60 mph at Blowering Dam near Tumut, New South Wales in his boat Spirit of Australia; the record is not beaten until ? On Nov. 8 the Philadelphia 76ers defeat the New Jersey Nets by 137-133 in double OT; after a protest is upheld the final 17:50 is replayed on Mar. 23, 1979 with the 76ers ahead by 84-81, and the 76ers win by 110-98; Harvey Catchings and Ralph Simpson of the 76ers are traded for Eric Money and Al Skinner before the rematch, becoming the only prof. sports players in history to play for both teams in the same game; Money becomes the only one to score for both teams, 23 for the Nets and 4 for the 76ers. On Nov. 19 the Miracle at the Meadowlands AKA The Fumble sees the Philly Eagles losing by 17-12 with no timeouts in the final secs. when Giants QB Joe Pisarcik fumbles a handoff to RB Larry Csonka, after which CB Herman "Herm" Edwards Jr. (1954-) recovers it and returns it for a TD, allowing the Eagles to win by 19-17; the Eagles go on to design the Victory *Kneel) Formation as a result of the "Herman Edwards Play". In the 1978-9 season the NBA adds a 3rd referee; 6'8" 2nd-year power forward Cedric Bryan "Cornbread" Maxwell (1955-) of the Celtics (#31), known for his effectiveness in the low post makes hay while Larry Bird tweet, er, hesitates to sign, averaging 19 points and 9.9 rebounds per game, setting the stage for the future Celtics NBA dynasty. On Dec. 30 Ohio State U. fires Wayne Woodrow "Woody" Hayes (1913-87) as its football coach, one day after he punches Clemson U. player Charlie Bauman during the Gator Bowl after the latter intercepts an Ohio pass; Hayes had been coach since 1958, winning 205 of 207 games and going to 10 post-season bowls. Mavis Hutchinson (1924-) of South Africa becomes the first woman to run across the U.S. after 69 days and 2,871 mi. from L.A. to New York City. The first Ironman Triathlon is held in Honolulu, Hawaii. Anatoly Karpov of the Soviet Union successfully defends his world chess title against Soviet defector Viktor Korchnoi. Irish steeplechaser Monksfield (1972-89) begins a rivalry with English steeplechaser Sea Pigeon (1970-), with Monksfield defeating Sea Pigeon in the Champion Hurdle at Cheltenham this year, and again on Mar. 14, 1979 by 3/4 of a length; in 1980 Sea Pigeon beats Monksfield in the same race by 7 lengths for sweet revenge, winning again in 1981 and becoming the oldest winner of the race. The annual Ford C. Frick Award for a broadcaster who made "major contributions to baseball" is established by the Nat. Baseball Hall of Fame, named for MLB commissioner (1951-65) Ford Christopher Frick (1894-1978), who died on Apr. 8 in Bronxville, N.Y. Minn. Twins owner (since 1955) Calvin Robertson Griffith (1911-99) stinks himself up with racist remarks, incl. "Black people don't go to ball games, but they'll fill up a wrestling ring and put up such a chant it'll scare you to death. We came here because you've got good, hardworking white people here", causing the Minneapolis Star to get on his case along with civil rights groups, after which his best player Rod Carew says he doesn't want to be "another nigger on the plantation", but reconciles with him; after free agency breaks his back, he and his sister Thelma sell their 52% in 1984 for $32M, and he cries at the signing ceremony. Architecture: On Jan. 9 the multidisciplinary Symphony Space at 2537 Broadway in Manhattan, N.Y. opens with a free marathon concert organized by founders Isaiah Sheffer and Allan Miller, going on to host all New York City productions of the New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players in 1978-2001; it incl. the Peter Jay Sharp Theatre (cap. 760) and the Leonard Nimoy Thalia (cap. 160). The zany deconstructivist Gehry House (Residence) in Santa Monica, Calif. by Toronto, Canada-born Am. architect Frank Owen Gehry (Goldberg) (1929-) is completed, launching his gaudy style. The Ill. Regional Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped in Peoria, Ill. opens in Feb., designed by Stanley Tigerman (1930-). Construction begins on the 4.8-mi.-long Itaipu Dam in Paraguay on the Parana River (ends 1988). China begins the 2.8K-mi. Green Great Wall, a project to cover 86M acres of land with trees and drought-tolerant plants in an effort to stop the increase of the country's giant dust bowl, becoming the world's biggest ecological project. The 7-skyscraper GM Renaissance Center in Detroit, Mich. opens, incl. Detroit Marriott, tallest all-hotel skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere (until ?); principal architect is John C. Portman Jr. The New Tokyo Internat. Airport in Narita (36 mi. from Tokyo) opens in May after violent protests delay it by two mo. and limit it to one runway, hampering its ability to relieve overcrowding at Haneda Airport. The Royal Bank Plaza in downtown Toronto, Ont., Canada is built, featuring 14K windows coated with 2.5K oz. of thin film gold worth Canadian $70/window to reduce heating and cooling costs, causing it to become known as the Gold Bldg. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Menachem Begin (1913-92) (Israel) and Anwar El Sadat (1918-81) (Egypt) [1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty]; Lit.: Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91) (U.S.); Physics: Arno Allan Penzias (1933-) and Robert Woodrow Wilson (1936-) (U.S.) [cosmic microwave background radiation], and Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (1894-1984) (Soviet Union) [superfluidity]; Chem.: Peter Dennis Mitchell (1920-92) (U.K.) [ATP synthesis]; Med.: Daniel Nathans (1928-99) (U.S.), Hamilton Othanel Smith (1931-) (U.S.), and Werner Arber (1929-) (Switzerland) [restriction enzymes]; Econ.: Herbert Alexander Simon (1916-2001) (U.S.) [organizational decision-making]. Inventions: On Mar. 10 the $23M single-engine Dassault Mirage 2000 multirole 4th gen. fighter makes its first flight, going into service in Nov. 1982 and being adopted by nine nations; 601 are built by 2007. On May 16 Clyde R. Vann and Roy R. Vann patent an Optical Fiber TV Screen in the U.S. In June the Space Invaders arcade video game, designed by Tomohiro Nishikado (1944-) is released by Taito Corp. of Japan, which licenses it to the Midway div. of Bally in the U.S. in July, becoming a giant money magnet in bars, earning $500M by 2007, causing a coin shortage in Japan, becoming the #1 arcade game of all time (until ?); in 1980 a version for the Atari 2600 becomes their first killer app., earning $2B a year by 1982. In June the Speak and Spell handheld educational toy is introduced by Texas Instruments, becoming the first low-priced mass-produced consumer product with a human voice generated by a single microchip, the TMC 0280; it can pronounce 165 words with a 131,072-bit ROM; meanwhile the Nippon Electric Co. introduces the Voice Data Input Terminal that can recognize 120 words in group of up to five, with a 300ms delay. On Nov. 13 NASA launches the TRW Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) to study astronomical X-ray sources, becoming the first fully imaging X-ray telescope in space; contact is lost on Apr. 17, 1981. On Nov. 18 the $29M twin-engine supersonic Mach 1.8 all-weather carrier-capable McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet multirole combat jet makes its first flight, being adopted by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps incl. the Blue Angels (1986); on Nov. 29, 1995 the Boeing F/A-18E Super Hornet makes its first flight. Intel Corp. introduces the 16-bit Intel 8086 microprocessor, containing a whopping 29K transistors, setting the world std. for microprocessors for the next 20+ years - when it's powerball it's always a big jackpot, don't forget to play? The U.S. Dept. of Defense High Order Language Working Group, formed in 1975 to invent a single computer language to replace the 450+ high order languages in use for defense projects, led by Jean David Ichbiah (1940-2007) of Honeywell Bull in France et al. settles on Ada, named after Lord Byron's daughter Lady Ada Lovelace (1815-52), allegedly the first programmer (Charles Babbage really did it?); it becomes mandatory to use in 1983, but too bad, it's an uncool kitchen sink flying domesticated turkey language that ends up as a billion dollar boondoggle as the commercial sector refuses to accept it and develops far better languages, causing the mandate to be removed in 1997, leaving scads of Ada programmers out in the cold as a poor sister unemployable minority group? - if they'd only asked TLW? Egyptian-born U.S. gynecologist Harrith M. Hasson (1932-) develops an olive-shaped sleeve to facilitate endoscopy in laparoscopic surgical procedures, known as the Hasson Technique; in 1980 it begins to be used in pelvic and abdominal surgery. Japanese-born U.S. biophysicist Toyoichi Tanaka (1946-) of MIT invents polymer Smart Gels that can undergo huge (1Kx) reversible volume changes in response to changes in temperature, light, chemical and other stimuli. On Feb. 16 the first Computer Bulletin Board System (BBS) goes online in Chicago, Ill., run by Ward Christensen and Randy Suess, after which they spread like wildfire, reaching 60K in 1994, after which the Internet makes them obsolete. The TCP/IP Protocol (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is successfully tested on Nov. 22 with 3 of 111 ARPANET nodes, becoming the std. Internet protocol; IP handles the low-level transmission of packets, TCP directs the high-level transmission of a stream of packets. Epson Co. introduces the low-cost lightweight 80-column Epson MX-80 impact dot-matrix printer, which revolutionizes home and office computing, becoming the de facto industry std. John Robbins "Rob" Barnaby develops the WordStar word processing system for the CP/M operating system, later adapting it for DOS and becoming the #1 word processing program of the early 1980s. The $24.95 Simon electronic memory skill game is launched at Studio 54 in New York City by "the Father of Video Games" Ralph Henry (Rudolf Heinrich) Baer (1922-2014) and Howard J. Morrison (1932-), and distributed by Milton Bradley. Polish-born Heidelberg U. prof. Gunther von Hagens (1945-) patents Plastination, a technique for preserving human bodies for study using silicon, epoxy, and other plastics, which takes nearly a year, but creates dynamite gross-out public exhibitions which teach anatomy while raising moral questions. Toshiba markets the first word processor that uses Japanese kana characters, storing 2K of them using up to 576 dots each; too bad, the 216-key IBM keyboard makes typing virtually impossible, and offices stick to writing by hand. Science: In the spring Peter H. Seeburg (1944-) et al. of the Univ. of Calif. identify the DNA for Human Growth Hormone (HGH), for which the U. of Calif. files a patent; in Nov. Seeburg quits the U. of Calif. and goes to work for Genentech Corp., where a crash program is in progress to create a growth hormone drug, taking a sample of the DNA that the U. of Calif. is trying to patent on Dec. 31 and stashing it; meanwhile on May 23, 1977 Genentech discovers a way to trick E. coli bacteria into producing synthetic human insulin by inserting the human gene into it, and they go into production in a joint effort with the City of Hope Medical Center in Duarte, Calif., producing the first batch in 1979 and founding the biotech industry after the U.S. FDA approves its use in 1982. On June 22 800-mi.-diam. Charon (named after the ancient Greek ferryman of Hades), the only known moon of 1.4K-mi.-diam. Pluto is discovered by Am. astronomers James Walter "Jim" Christy (1938-) and Robert Sutton Harrington (1942-93) at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff, Ariz., the same city where Pluto was discovered in 1930. In June Ernest Ludwig Wynder (1922-99), John Weisburger, and Philippe Shubik (1921-2004) of Columbia U. pub. research that greasy Am.-style cooking and eating contributes to 40% of cancer deaths; meanwhile George Lincoln Blackburn of Harvard U. claims that 1 in 10 cancer deaths is caused by malnutrition. Am. Nobel Prize-winning physicist Luis Walter Alvarez (1911-88), his geologist son Walter Alvarez (1940-) et al. propose the Asteroid Impact Theory of Dinosaur Extinction to explain the unusual abundance of iridium associated with the K-T Extinction Boundary (65M B.C.E.); 1990 studies of the impact crater of Chicxulub in the Gulf of Mexico lend support to their theory; paleontologists go on to dispute it, only to be shut out and shut down by a conspiracy secretly run by well-connected Alvarez, who calls them "not vry good scientists... more like stamp collectors"? - asteroid theories are eco-friendly? Paul Ekman (1954-) and Wallace V. Friesen pub. the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to taxonomize human facial expressions; later used in the Fox Network TV show "Lie to Me" (2009-11). Am. astronomer Jesse Leonard Greenstein (1909-2002) pub. a theory of how a red giant star evolves into a white dwarf star. Am. biophysicist Stephen C. Harrison (1941-) of Harvard U. makes the first hi-res image of an intact virus, the tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) - how does his wife take it? German physicist Wolfgang Paul (1913-93) traps neutrons in a magnetic storage ring and measures the avg. lifetime of a free neutron at about 15 min. Am. psychologist David Premack (1925-) pub. the article Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind?, coining the term Theory of Mind (ToM). Russian-Am. chemist Alexander Theodore "Sasha" Shulgin (1925-2014) and David E. Nichols (1944-) pub. the first report on the psychotropic effect of MDMA (Ecstasy) (AKA Molly, Mandy) (discovered in Germany in 1912), comparing it "to marijuana, and to psilocybin devoid of the hallucinatory component", causing the drug's popularity to take off; Shulgin calls it "my low-calorie martini". Cambridge Economics Co. is founded by British economist Sir Richard Stone (1913-91) to sell the Cambridge Multisectoral Dynamic Model (MDM) of the British economy, which is later extended to the internat. economy, and wins Stone the 1984 Nobel Econ Prize. Eric F. Wieschaus (1947-) and Christiane Nusslein-Volhard (Nüsslein-Volhard) (1942-) identify the Sonic Hedgehog Gene (named after the Sega Genesis video game), which controls the growth of digits on limbs as well as the organization of the brain, and the loss of function of which causes embryos to be covered with hedgehog-like denticles; they both go on to work with Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004) to identify genes that control the segmentation pattern of fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryos in the first "Big Science" large-scale mutagenesis project in biologist history, pub. in the Nov. 2, 1978 issue of Nature, winning them the 1995 Nobel Med. Prize. Alison A. Paul and David A.T. Southgate (1932-2008) devise a method of determining the fiber content of foods, allowing research on the connection between fiber intake and colon cancer. German physicist Frank Steglich (1941-) discovers Unconventional Superconductivity in a heavy fermion superconductor mix of cerium, copper, and silicon. The Princeton Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor uses deuterium gas (available in seawater) to reach a temp of 60M F for .05 sec. on July 4; too bad, to produce workable sustainable nuclear fusion they need to reach 100M F for 1 sec., and it is dismantled in 1997. Am. relativity physicist John Archibald Wheeler (1911-2008) of Princeton U. pub. a paper pointing out the concept of Delayed Choice in the classic double-slit experiment, showing how the experimenter participates in creating the past, leading to the effort to reduce physics to information theory, "genesis by observership", "the participatory universe", "it from bit"; "The model of the universe [a giant U with an eyeball on top of one stem looking back at the other, with the skinny unadorned bend being the Big Bang] starts out all skinny and then gets bigger. Finally it gives rise to life and the mind and the power to observe, and by the act of observation of those first days, we give reality to those first days"; "No space, no time, no gravity, no electromagnetism, no particles. Nothing. We are back where Plato, Aristotle and Parmenides struggled with the great questions: How Come the Universe, How Come Us, How Come Anything? But happily also we have around the answer to these questions. That's us." (Jan. 29, 1993) The first Wiggler, a magnetic device to increase the brightness of X-ray synchroton radiation is installed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab. Nonfiction: Roy C. Amore, Two Masters, One Message; similarities between Buddhism and Christianity. Hannah Arendt (1906-75), The Life of the Mind: I. Thinking, II. Willing (2 vols.) (posth.). Bobby Baker (1929-), Wheeling and Dealing: Confessions of a Capitol Hill Operator; by LBJ's longtime secy. AKA Little Lyndon, who was convicted of multiple criminal counts in 1967. Leonard S. Baker (-1984), Days of Sorrow and Pain: Leo Baeck and the Berlin Jews (Pulitzer Prize). Erik Barnouw (1908-2001), The Sponsor: Notes on a Modern Potentate. Geoffrey Barraclough (1908-84) (ed.), The Times Atlas of World History; Main Trends in History. Nina Baym (1936-), Women's Fiction: A Guide to Novels By and About Women in America, 1820-1870. A. Scott Berg (1949-), Maxwell Perkins: Editor of Genius. Paul Blanshard (1892-1980), Personal and Controversial (autobio.). Sissela Bok (1934-), Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life; by the daughter of Alva and Gunnar Myrdal and wife of Harvard pres. Derek Bok. Erma Bombeck (1927-96), If Life Is a Bowl of Cherries, What Am I Doing in the Pits?. Gabor S. Borritt (1940-), Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream; claims that "the right to rise" is at the center of Lincoln's outlook. Kenneth Ewart Boulding (1910-93), Stable Peace; Ecodynamics: A New Theory of Societal Evolution. Michael Bradley and John Henrik Clarke, Iceman Inheritance: Prehistoric Sources of Western Man's Racism, Sexism and Aggression; 2nd ed. 1991; blames Caucasians for trying to dominate the world via white racist supremacy, but gives them credit for superior achievements. Charles Dunbar Broad (1887-1971), Kant: An Introduction (posth.). Harry Browne (1933-2006), New Profits from the Monetary Crisis. Peter Burke (1937-), Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe; 3rd ed. 2009. James MacGregor Burns (1918-2014), Leadership; founds the field of Leadership Studies, which explores the difference between transactional leadership (horse-trader leaders with the cunning to get things done) and transformational leadership (leaders with a vision to change the world, one who "looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower"); "The result of transforming leadership is a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents"; "That people can be lifted into their better selves is the secret of transforming leadership and the moral and practical theme of this work." (last paragraph) Jim Carroll (1949-2009), The Basketball Diaries (autobio.); his junkie life on the streets of New York City at ages 13-16; filmed in 1995 starring Leonardo DiCaprio. Angela Carter (1940-92), The Sadeian Woman and the Ideology of Pornography; feminist interpretation of the Marquis de Sade. Doug Casey, The International Man. David Caute (1936-), The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge Under Truman and Eisenhower. Nancy Chodorow (1944-), The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender (June 30); questions the the view that women are biologically predisposed to go into mother mode. Carol Patrice Christ (1945-), Why Women Need the Goddess (spring); launches the Goddess Movement, which calls God "She"; "Theologians frequently assert that God has no body, no gender, no race and no age. Most people state that God is neither male nor female, yet most people become flustered, upset or even angry when it is suggested that the God they know as Lord and Father might also be God the Mother, or Goddess"; "The simplest and most basic meaning of the symbol of the Goddes is the acknowledgement of the legitimacy of female power s a beneficent and independent power"; "Women must be the spokesmen for a new humanity arising out of the reconciliation of spirit and body"; "Symbol systems cannot simply be rejected; they must be replaced where there is no replacement. The mind will revert to familiar structures at times of crisis, bafflement, or defeat." Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Gospel Principles (2nd ed. 2009); contains the soundbytes: "We can become Gods like our Heavenly Father", and "Our Heavenly Father became a God", which stirs a firestorm of controversy, causing the 1997 ed. to change it to "We can become like our Heavenly Father" and "Our Heavenly Father became God"; too bad, the 2009 ed. quotes founder Joseph Smith Jr. as saying: "It is the first principle of the Gospel to know for a certainty the Character of God... He was once a man like us;... God himself, the Father of us all, dwelt on an earth, the same as Jesus Christ himself did." Ronald William Clark (1916-87), Bertrand Russell and His World. Eldridge Cleaver (1935-98), Soul on Fire (autobio.); author of "Soul on Ice" (1968), he returned from an 8-year exile in Algeria, where the North Vietnamese supported him until too many of his friends showed up with their hands out, and he ditched the Black Panthers for evangelical Christianity to get a plea bargain, and founded Eldridge Cleaver Crusades, later converting to Mormoismn and becoming a conservative Repub. Oliver Edmund Clubb (1901-89), 20th Century China (3rd ed.). Robert Coles (1929-), The Last and First Eskimos; photos by Alex Harris. Robert Coles (1929-) and Jane Hallowell, Women of Crisis: Lives of Struggle and Hope. Robert Conquest (1917-2015), Kolyma: The Arctic Death Camps. Malcolm Cowley, --And I Worked at the Writer's Trade (autobio.) (May 3). Harvey Gallagher Cox Jr. (1929-), <Turning East: Why Americans Look to the Orient for Spirituality - And What That Search Can Mean to the West. Christina Crawford (1939-), Mommie Dearest; adopted daughter of alcoholic Joan Crawford (1905-77) tells about savage beatings. Harry Crews (1935-), A Childhood: The Biography of a Place. Bistra Cvetkova (1926-82), Ottoman Institutions in Europe. John H. Davis (1929-), The Guggenheims: An American Epic (Jan. 1). Richard Beale Davis (1907-81), Intellectual Life in the Colonial South, 1585-1763 (3 vols.) (Oct.); claims that the Southern colonists had as much or more influence in shaping U.S. culture than New Englanders. Edward Dmytryk (1908-99), It's a Hell of a Life, But Not a Bad Living (autobio.); the Hollywood Ten member who turned rat in 1951. Barbara Ehrenreich (1941-) and Deirdre English (1948-), For Her Own Good: Two Centuries of the Experts' Advice to Women. Loren Eiseley (1907-77), The Star Thrower (essays) (posth.); "Death is the only successful collector"; "On a point of land, I found the star thrower... I spoke once briefly. 'I understand', I said. 'Call me another thrower.' Only then I allowed myself to think, He is not alone any longer. After us, there will be others... We were part of the rainbow... Perhaps far outward on the rim of space a genuine star was similarly seized and flung... For a moment, we cast on an infinite beach together beside an unknown hurler of suns... We had lost our way, I thought, but we had kept, some of us, the memory of the perfect circle of compassion from life to death and back to life again - the completion of the rainbow of existence"; "The book will be read and cherished in the year 2001. It will go to the Moon and Mars with future generations" (Ray Bradbury). Mircea Eliade (1907-86), A History of Religious Ideas (3 vols.) (1978, 1982, 1985). Emil Ludwig Fackenheim (1961-2003), The Jewish Return Into History. Lin Farley (1942-), Sexual Shakedown: The Sexual Harassment of Women on the Job (Oct. 1). Don Edward Fehrenbacher (1920-97), The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics (Oct. 19) (Pulitzer Prize); all about the Mar. 6, 1857 U.S. Supreme Court decision. Arlene Francis (1907-2001) and Florence Rome, Arlene Francis: A Memoir. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), Freaks: Myths and Images of the Secret Self. Derek Freeman (1916-2001), Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth - the great smoky dragon in anthropology too? John Lewis Gaddis (1941-), Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History (Mar. 31); 2nd ed. in 1990; proposes post-revisionism, the concept that it's time for new interpretations of the Cold War based on the stream of new govt. documents being released, John Gardner (1933-82), On Moral Fiction; disses modern fiction for "preaching or peddling a particular ideology" instead of attempting "to test human values... to find out which best promotes human fulfillment." John William Gardner (1912-2002), Morale; "My life for the past dozen years has been wholly devoted to action and conflict in the political and social arena, and to practical work on concrete issues... Now I want to step back and look at the motives that underlie social and political action." Shakti Gawain (1948-), Creative Visualization: Use the Power of Your Imagination to Create What You Want in Life; launches a movement. Peter Gay (1923-2015), Freud, Jews, and Other Germans: Masters and Victims in Modernist Culture; about the modern spirit in Jewish German culture of the 19th-20th cents., helping found the field of Psychohistory. William Gibson (1914-2008), Shakespeare's Game (Oct.); author of "The Miracle Worker" dissects Shakespeare's plays to teach plot-writing. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Exile and Return: The Emergence of Jewish Statehood. George F. Gilder (1939-), Visible Man: A True Story of Post-Racist America; "The account of a talented young black spoiled by the too-ready indolence of America's welfare system." Mark Girouard (1931-), Life in the English Country House: A Social and Architectural History; explores bldgs. as a reflection of the society that produced them, helping launch the New Art History Movement of the 1980s. E.J. Gold (1941-), Secret Talks with G.; a hoax, pissing-off George Gurdjieff devotees. Albert Goldman (1927-94), Disco. Linda Goodman (1925-95), Love Signs: A New Approach to the Human Heart; bestseller (800K copies); applies astrology to love relations. Lois Gould (1932-2002), Not Responsible for Personal Articles. Susan Haack (1945-), Philosophy of Logics; first systematic exposition of all the central tropics in the philosophy of logic, starting out with deviant logics incl. trivalent, arguing that validity is an inherently vague idea and that different logical systems make it precise in different equally legitimate ways. H.R. Haldeman (1926-93) and Joseph DiMona (1923-99), The Ends of Power; NYT #1 bestseller memoir of jailbird White House chief of staff H.R. Haldeman. Robert E. Hall (1943-), Stochastic Implications of the Life Cycle-Permanent Income Hypothesis; startles macroeconomists with the news that under assumptions of rational expectations, consumption is a martingale, i.e., unpredictable, and should only change when there is surprising news about expected future income. Barbara Grizzuti Harrison (1934-), Visions of Glory: A History and a Memory of Jehovah's Witnesses; born Roman Catholic, turns JW at 9, rejects them at age 21 and goes feminist and agnostic, then converts back to Catholicism in 1977. Michael H. Hart (1932-), The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History; #1=Muhammad, #2=Isaac Newton, #3=Jesus Christ, #4=Buddha, #5=Confucius, #6=St. Paul, #7=Ts'ai Lun (inventor of paper), #8=Johannes Gutenberg, #9=Christopher Columbus, #10=Albert Einstein; repub. in 1992 with some changes. Thomas Hauser (1946-), The Execution of Charles Horman: An American Sacrifice; filmed in 1982 as "Missing". Marcella Hazan (1924-2013), More Classic Italian Cooking. William Least Heat-Moon (1939-), Blue Highways: A Journey Into America; his 3-mo. 13K-mi. trip on secondary "blue" roads in his van "Ghost Dancing"; becomes a cult classic. Christopher Hills (1926-97), Food from Sunlight: Planetary Survival for Hungry People; advocates the eating of spirulina. Sandra Hochman (1936-), Streams: Life Secrets for Writing Poems and Songs. Harford Montgomery Hyde (1907-89), Solitary in the Ranks: Lawrence of Arabia as Airman and Private Soldier. Irving Howe (1920-93), Leon Trotsky. Wil Huygen (1922-2009) and Rien Poortvliet (1932-95), Gnomes; everything you ever wanted to know. David Irving (1938-), The War Path; pt. 2 of his bio. of Hitler. Naomi James (1949-), Woman Alone. Robert Jastrow (1925-2008), God and the Astronomers; the Big Bang theory of cosmology puts God and Genesis back on the table?; "At this moment it seems as though science will never be able to raise the curtain on the mystery of creation. For the scientist who has lived by his faith in the power of reason, the story ends like a bad dream. He has scaled the mountains of ignorance; he is about to conquer the highest peak; as he pulls himself over the final rock, he is greeted by a band of theologians who have been sitting there for centuries." Chalmers Ashby Johnson (1931-), Japan's Public Policy Companies (June). Joyce Johnson (1935-), Bad Connections. Ryszard Kapuscinski (1932-2007), The Soccer War; The Emperor: Downfall of an Autocrat (Cesarz); Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie. Alfred Kazin (1915-98), New York Jew (autobio.). Kitty Kelley (1942-), Jackie Oh!; launches her career as a bestselling "poison pen" biographer who loves to dish up dirt. George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), The Cloud of Danger: Current Realities of American Foreign Policy. Anbara Salam Khalidi, Memoirs of an Early Arab Feminist,/a>; tr. to English in 2013. Arthur Koestler (1905-83), Janus: A Summing Up; sequel to "The Ghost in the Machine" (1967); nukes as the turning point event of mankind, a defective product of Evolution, with conflicting reptilian, mammalian and neocortex sections of the brain. Leszek Kolakowski (1927-2009), Main Currents of Marxism: Its Rise, Growth, and Dissolution (3 vols.); Polish ex-Marxist calls Marxism "the greatest fantasy of our century", helping spur Polish Solidarity. Rem Koolhaas (1944-), Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manfesto for Manhattan; defends glass boxes. Irving Kristol (1920-2009), Two Cheers for Capitalism (Feb. 28). Joseph Bernard Kruskal Jr. (1928-2010) and Myron Wish, Multidimensional Scaling. Stanley I. Kutler, Privilege and Creative Destruction: The Charles River Bridge Case. Ann Landers (1918-2002), The Ann Landers Encyclopedia, A to Z: Improve Your Life Emotionally, Medically, Sexually, Socially, Spiritually. Fran Lebowitz (1950-), Metropolitan Life (essays); champions smoking, disses shirts bearing messages. John Frederick Lehmann (1907-87), Thrown to the Woolfs. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Leonard's Last Book. Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009), The Origin of Table Manners. Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), Psychobirds. John Cunningham Lilly (1915-2001), The Scientist: A Novel Autobiography; the malevolent Solid State Intelligence (SSI) vs. humanity; Communication Between Man and Dolphin: The Possibilities of Talking with Other Species. Walter Lord (1917-2002), A Time to Stand; the Mar. 6, 1836 Battle of the Alamo. Sir Fitzroy MacLean (1911-96), Holy Russia; Take Nine Spies; Mata Hari, Kim Philby, William Martin et al. William Manchester (1922-2004), American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880-1964. Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), The Aesthetic Dimension: Toward a Critique of Marxist Aesthetics. Henry Margenau (1901-97), Physics and Philosophy: Selected Essays. Margaret W. Matlin and David J. Stang, The Pollyanna Principle: Selectivity in Language, Memory, and Thought; the tendency of people to accept positive descriptions about themselves. Peter Matthiessen (1927-), The Snow Leopard; his 1973 journey with naturalist George Schaller to Crystal Mountain in the Himalayas, when he "travels to the limits of the world and the inner limits of the self". Ali al-Amin Mazrui (1933-), The Warrior Tradition in Modern Africa; Political Values and the Educated Class in Africa. Michael Medved (1948-), Harry Medved, and Randy Dreyfuss, The Fifty Worst Films of All Time (And How They Got That Way). Agnes de Mille (1905-93), Where the Wings Grow (autobio.). Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973), The Clash of Group Interests and Other Essays; On the Manipulation of Money and Credit (Causes of the Economic Crisis) (posth.). Ellen Moers (1929-79), Harriet Beecher Stowe and American Literature. Jurgen Moltmann (1926-), Open Church: Invitation to a Messianic Lifestyle - easy when there aren't any Muslims around? Ruth Montgomery (1912-2001), Strangers Among Us: Enlightened Beings from a World to Come. Raymond Moody (1944-), Laugh After Laugh: The Healing Power of Humor. Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), Sybil Thorndike: A Life in the Theatre; Dame Agnes Sybil Thorndike (1882-1976), known for playing Joan of Arc in George Bernard Shaw's "Saint Joan" (1923-41). Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-90), In a Valley of This Restless Mind; "Looking for God, I sat in Westminster Abbey and watched sightseers drift by." (first line) Joseph Needham (1900-95), The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China (3 vols.); abridgement of the 25-vol. series (1954-). Howard Nemerov (1920-91), Figures of Thought: Speculations on the Meaning of Poetry; "Thought is the strangest game of all. The players are the Nominalists vs. the Realists. Realists wear colorless jerseys and are numbered One, Many, & All. Nominalists wear crazy quilts instead of uniforms, and their numerals tend to be such things as the square root of minus one. This figure conceals two important circumstances: that there are not in truth Nominalists and Realists, but only the nominalism and realism of each player, who happens to be alone on the field where he plays himself; and that by the tacit pregame move of dividing into Nominalist and Realist he has made it impossible to win or even finish the game, although - and it is not a little - he has made it possible to play"; "Thought proceeds to create the world by dividing it... into opposites... As a world of opposites is impossible, intolerable, the opposites must be mediated and shown to be one; because, of course, in the world as experienced they are one." Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), The Uses of Broadcasting. Peter Charles Newman (1929-), The Bronfman Dynasty: The Rothschilds of the New World. Richard Milhous Nixon (1913-94), RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (Apr. 30); co-written by Diane Sawyer (1945-), causing her to be suspected of being Deep Throat; she joins CBS News this year. Wayne E. Oates (1917-99), Workaholics: Make Laziness Work for You. John O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel (1942-), The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map; claims that the hippocampus stores cognitive maps of portions of space; Nadel later proposes Multiple Trace Theory (MTT), which claims that the hippocampus is involved in episodic memory, while semantic memory is stored in the neocortex. Tillie Olsen (1913-2007), Silences; explores why men produce far more lit. output than women - because women produce far more children than men? Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), Song, Poetry and Language. Michael Parenti (1933-), Power and the Powerless (Jan. 31). Talcott Parsons (1902-79), Action Theory and the Human Condition. Morgan Scott Peck, The Road Less Traveled: A New Psychology of Love, Traditional Values, and Spiritual Growth; internat. bestseller launching the self-improvement pablum book genre. John Enoch Powell (1912-98), A Nation or No Nation: Six Years in British Politics. Reynolds Price (1933-), A Palpable God: Thirty Stories Translated from the Bible. Nathan Marsh Pusey (1907-2001), American Higher Education 1945-1970: A Personal Report; by the pres. of Harvard U. (1953-71). Marcus Raskin (1934-), The Federal Budget and Social Reconstruction: The People and the State. Diane Ravitch (1938-), The Revisionists Revised: A Critique of the Radical Attack on the Schools; launches her long career as a nonpartisan reformer of the U.S. school system. Janice G. Raymond (1943-), The Transsexual Empire: The Making of the She-Male (Dec. 31); lesbian ex-nun questions the whole idea of "transssexualism", where men try to conform to an outdated feminine stereotype, which her advisor Mary Daly calls a "male problem" and "Frankensteinian", and which she disses as a tactic to infiltrate the women's movement and perpetuate the myths of male mothering and making of women according to man's image, calling for lesbians to kick them out and practice separatism; "All transsexuals rape women's bodies by reducing the real female form to an artifact, appropriating this body for themselves... Transsexuals merely cut off the most obvious means of invading women, so that they seem non-invasive." Ishmael Reed (1938-), Shrovetide in Old New Orleans: Essays. George G. Ritchie (1923-2007) and Elizabeth Sherrill (1928-), Return from Tomorrow; bestseller about his near-death experience (NDE) in an army hospital in 1943, which incl. meeting with Jesus Christ and travelling with him through different space-time dimensions, which originally led Raymond A. Moody Jr. to investigate NDEs; "Death is nothing more than a doorway, something you walk through." (Ritchie) Joan Robinson (1903-83), Contributions to Modern Economics. David Rorvik (1944-), In His Image: the Cloning of Man; claims that the first human clone (of Max) has been born, causing the New York Post to pub. an article about it on Mar. 3, 1978; in 1981 a court rules the book a hoax. Walt Whitman Rostow (1916-2003), The World Economy: History and Prospect. Harrison Evans Salisbury (1908-93), Black Night, White Snow: Russia's Revolutions 1905-1917. Mark Ivor Satin (1946-), New Age Politics: Healing Self and Society; the emergent "third force" in North Am. who want decentralization, simple living, and global responsibility. Simon Schama (1945-), Two Rothschilds and the Land of Israel; Edmond James de Rothschild and James Armand de Rothschild. Two Rothschilds and the Land of Israel. Orville Hickok Schell (1940-), Brown; Calif. gov. Jerry Brown. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (1917-2007), Robert Kennedy and His Times (Oct. 26); bestseller; made into a 1985 TV miniseries. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), A Young Man in Search for Love (autobio.); his struggle to become a writer. B.F. Skinner (1904-90), Reflections on Behaviorism and Society. The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols.), covering the Renaissance incl. Dante, Marsiglio, Bartolus, Macchiavelli, and Erasmus, and the Age of Reformation incl. Luther and Calvin, which the London Times lists in the "100 Most Influential Books Since World War II", making Murray N. Rothbard a fan; he later starts using the term "neo-Roman" instead of "republican". C.P. Snow (1905-80), The Realists. Robert Sobel (1931-99), They Satisfy: The Cigarette in American Life. Susan Sontag (1933-2004), Illness as Metaphor; her fight with breast cancer and attempt to reverse the "blame the victim" mentality; followed by "AIDS and Its Metaphors" (1988). George Steiner (1929-), Has Truth a Future?; Martin Heidegger; On Difficulty and Other Essays. Frank Swinnerton (1884-1982), Arthur Bennett: A Last Word. John Terraine (1921-2003), To Win A War: 1918, the Year of Victory. Calvin Trillin (1935-), Alice, Let's Eat: Further Adventures of a Happy Eater. Diana Trilling (1905-96), Reviewing the Forties (essays). Barbara W. Tuchman (1912-89), A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous Fourteenth Century; bestseller focusing on Europe in 1340-1400 through the eyes of nobleman Enguerrand (Ingelram) VII de Coucy, 1st Earl of Bedford (1340-97), husband (1365-) of British king Edward III's eldest daughter Isabella (1332-82), incl. the Black Plague, Little Ice Age, Papal Schism, anti-Semitism, rogue mercenaries, the Kacquerie, the liberation of Switzerland, the Battle of the Golden Spurs, the Battle of Nicopolis, and peasant revolts against laws requiring the use of hops in beer. claiming that the 14th cent. reflects the 20th cent. and the horrors of WWI. bestseller; Europe contracts into internecine wars and the Black Death. Alberto Vargas (1896-1982), Autobiography; Peruvian pin-up girl painter. Immanuel Velikovsky (1895-1979), Rameses II and His Time (Apr. 30). Travis Walton (1953-), The Walton Experience; his alleged Nov. 5, 1975 alien abduction. Jude Wanniski (1936-2005), The Way the World Works; initiates a revival in classical economics, incl. reduction of trade barriers, return to the gold standard, and elimination of capital gains taxes, and pushes supply-side economics, becoming a giant hit with Reagan-Bush conservatives. Alec Waugh (1898-1981), The Best Wine Last: An Autobiography Through the Years 1932-1969. Karl Joachim Weintraub (1924-2004), The Value of the Individual: Self and Circumstance in Autobiography; how 18th-19th cent. autobios. switch from unfolding to development narratives. Sidney Weintraub (1914-83), Keynes and the Monetarists; 2nd. ed. 1978; disses monetarism. Herman Weiskopf, The Perfect Game: The World of Bowling. Eudora Welty (1909-2001), The Eye of the Story (essays). Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), Officer and Temporary Gentleman (2 vols.) (autobio.) (posth.). Sir John Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75) and Lord Longford (eds.), The History Makers: Leaders and Statesmen of the 20th Century; harps on his heroes Sir Winston Churchill et al. Theodore Harold White (1915-86), In Search of History: A Personal Adventure (autobio.); contains his Camelot Interview with Jackie. George Frederick Will (1941-), The Pursuit of Happiness and Other Sobering Thoughts. William Appleman Williams (1921-90), Americans in a Changing World: A History of the United States in the Twentieth Century. Garry Wills (1934-), Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence (Apr. 30). Angus Wilson (1913-91), The Strange Ride of Rudyard Kipling. E. O. Wilson (1929-2021), On Human Nature (Pulitzer Prize); attempt to reconcile humanism and science, founding Evolutionary Psychology (EP). William Julius Wilson (1935-), The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions; black sociologist denies claims that racial discrimination and dependence on welfare are responsible for black poverty. Frederick William Winterbotham (1897-1990), The Nazi Connection. Helen Yglesias (1915-2008), Starting: Early, Anew, Over, and Late (autobio.). Zondervan Pub. House (Int. Bible Soc.), New International Version of the Bible (revised in 2002); becomes the Bible of choice for the evangelical crowd, and accounts for one in three of all Bible sales; too bad, the fact that Zondervan's owner Harper Collins also pub. "The Joy of Gay Sex" and "The Satanic Bible", and the fact that the trans. is Arian-leaning pisses-off some Bible-thumpers? Art: Ilya Bolotowsky (1907-81), Black Diamond. Lucian Freud (1922-), Self-Portrait With a Black Eye; result of a fight with a taxi driver. Philip Guston (1913-80), The Line. Joerg Immendorff (1945-2007), Cafe Deutschland (1978-); a series of large paintings set in cafes and discos featuring German leaders and dramatist Bertolt Brecht. Jasper Johns (1930-), The Map. Anselm Kiefer (1945-), Brunhild-Grave. Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), Tiny Footprints. Lee Krasner (1908-84), Diptych. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97), Stepping Out. Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Carre-four (Carré-four); Dedalopolous (sculpture). Elizabeth Murray (1940-2007), Children Meeting. George Segal (1924-2000), Hot Dog Stand (sculpture); In Memory of May 4, 1970, Kent State: Abraham and Isaac (sculpture) (1978-9). Tony Smith (1912-80), Throwback (sculpture). Andy Warhol (1928-87), Self-Portrait. Music: 10cc, Bloody Tourists (album #6) (Sept. 1) (#69 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); incl. Dreadlock Holiday (#1 in the U.K.). AC/DC, Powerage (album #5) (May 25); incl. Rock 'n' Roll Damnation. John Coolidge Adams (1947-), Shaker Loops (for strings) (4 movements). Marcia Ball (1949-), Circuit Queen (album). The Band, The Last Waltz (album) (Apr. 26); recorded on Nov. 25, 1976 in San Francisco. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and The Banshees, Hong Kong Garden (debut) (Aug. 18) (#7 in the U.K.); The Scream (album) (debut) (Nov. 13); incl. Overground, Helter Skelter (by John Lennon and Paul McCartney), Metal Postcard (Mittageisen). Keola Beamer (1951-), Honolulu City Lights (album); incl. Honolulu City Lights, which becomes a Hawaiian music hit, covered in 1986 by The Carpenters. Captain Beefheart (1941-) and The Magic Band, Shiny Beast (Bat Chain Puller) (album #10) (Sept.); comeback album; incl. Bat Chain Puller, Harry Irene, Owed t'Alex. George Benson (1943-), Weekend in L.A. (album). Dickey Betts (1943-) and Great Southern, Atlanta's Burning Down (album). Blondie, Parallel Lines (album #2) (Sept.); their big breakthrough; title is the name of a poem written by Deborah Harry; incl. Heart of Glass (first U.S. hit), Picture This, Hanging on the Telephone, One Way or Another; Sunday Girl. The Moody Blues, Octave (album #9) (June 9); last with Mike Pinder; incl. Steppin' in a Slide Zone, Driftwood. Boston, Don't Look Back (album #2) (Aug.) (#4 in the U.S.); sells 7M copies, incl. 4M in the first month; incl. Don't Look Back, Feelin' Satisfied; a contract dispute with Epic Records causes no more albums to be released until 1986. David Bowie (1947-2016), Stage (album) (Sept. 8). Alicia Bridges (1948-), I Love the Nightlife (Disco 'Round) (#5 in the U.S.); crossover country hit. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Son of a Son of a Sailor (album #9) (Mar.); incl. Son of a Son of a Sailor, Cheeseburger in Paradise ("big kosher pickle and a cold draft beer"). Kate Bush (1958-), The Kick Inside (album) (debut) (Feb. 17) (#3 in the U.K.); incl. Wuthering Heights (first woman to have a #1 hit in the U.S. with a self-written song), James and the Cold Gun, The Saxophone Song, The Man with the Child in His Eyes, Them Heavy People; Lionheart (album #2) (Nov. 13) (#6 in the U.K.); incl. Oh England, My Lionheart, Wow (#20 in the U.K.), Coffee Homeground; next year she makes a concert tour, and is the most photographed woman in Britain. Can, Out of Reach (album #10). The Carpenters, Christmas Portrait (album) (Nov.). Lenny LeBlanc (1951-) and Pete Carr (1950-), Falling (#13 in the U.S.). The Cars, The Cars (album) (debut) (June 6); from Boston, Mass., incl. Ric Ocasek (Richard T. Otcasek) (1949-) (vocals), Benjamin Orr (1947-2000) (bass), Elliot Easton (Steinberg) (1953-) (guitar), Greg Hawkes (1952-) (keyboard), David Robinson (1949-) (drums); they break up in 1988; cover features Russian model Natalya Medvedeva; incl. Just What I Needed, My Best Friend's Girl, Good Times Roll. Harry Chapin (1942-81), Living Room Suite (album #8) (Sept. 10); incl. Flowers Are Red. Ray Charles (1930-2004), I Can See Clearly Now (written by Johnny Nash). Wild Cherry, I Love My Music (album #3). Chic, C'est Chic (album #2) (Aug. 11) (#4 in the U.S.); incl. Le Freak (6M copies), We Are Family. Chicago, Hot Streets (album #12) (Oct.); incl. Alive Again, No Tell Lover. Chilliwack, Lights from the Valley (album #7); incl. Arms of Mary. The Clash, Give 'Em Enough Rope (album #2) (Nov. 10); incl. English Civil War, Tommy Gun. Climax Blues Band, Makin' Love (#91 in the U.S.). Joe Cocker (1944-2014), Luxury You Can Afford (album #7) (Aug.). Michael Colgrass (1932-), Deja Vu for Percussion Quartet and Orchestra (Pulitzer Prize). Rita Coolidge (1945-), Love Me Again (album #6) (May; incl. You. Alice Cooper (1948-), From the Inside (album #11) (Nov.); inspired by his stay in a New York sanitarium for alcoholism. Chick Corea (1941-), Secret Agent. Elvis Costello (1954-) and the Attractions, This Year's Model (album #2) (Mar. 17); incl. Pump It Up. Gene Cotton (1944-), Before My Heart Finds Out. Gene Cotton (1944-) and Kim Carnes (1945-), You're a Part of Me. David Coverdale (1951-), Northwinds (album); incl. Time and Time Again. Peter Criss (1945), Peter Criss (album) (solo debut) (Sept. 18) (#43 in the U.S.). Seals and Crofts, Takin' It Easy (album #9); incl. You're the Love (last top-20 single) (the disco sound pisses-off fans), Forever Like a Rose. Blue Oyster Cult, Some Enchanted Evening (album #6) (Sept.); sells 2M copies; incl. (Don't Fear) The Reaper, Astronomy, R.U. Ready 2 Rock, E.T.I. (Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence). Mac Davis (1942-), Fantasy (album) (Jan. 1). The Grateful Dead, Shakedown Street (album #10) (Nov. 15); incl. Shakedown Street, Good Lovin', Fire on the Mountain, Stagger Lee. Devo, Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! (album) (debut) (Aug. 28) (#12 in the U.K., #78 in the U.S.); produced by Brian Eno; short for De-Evolution; formed by former Kent State U. students, incl. Robert Curtis "Bob" Lewis (1947-), Robert Leroy "Bob" Mothersbaugh Jr. (1952-), Mark Allen Mothersbagh (1950-), Gerald Vincent "Jerry" Casale (Pizzute) (1948-), Bob Casale; incl. Jocko Homo, Satisfaction (by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards), Gut Feeling. Neil Diamond (1941-) and Barbra Streisand (1942-), You Don't Bring Me Flowers (Oct. 28) (#1 in the U.S.). Hamza El Din (1929-2006), Eclipse (album #4). Joy Division, An Ideal for Living (EP) (debut) (June 3); originally Warsaw; from Salford, Greater Manchester, England; incl. Ian Kevin Curtis (1956-80) (vocals), Bernard Sumner (1956-) (guitar, keyboards), Peter "Hooky" Hook (1956-) (bass), and Stephen Paul David Morris (1957-) (drums); JD is the Nazi term for concentration camp sex slaves; incl. Warsaw. Donovan (1946-), Donovan (album); last with Mickie Most. Doobie Brothers, Minute by Minute (album #8) (Dec. 1) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. What a Fool Believes (#1 in the U.S.) (their biggest hit). The Doors, An American Prayer (album). Tangerine Dream, Cyclone (album #11) (#37 in the U.K.); first with vocals and lyrics; incl. Bent Cold Sidewalk. Ian Dury (1942-2000) and the Blockheads, What a Waste; Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick ("In the deserts of Sudan/ And the gardens of Japan/ From Milan to Yucatan/ Every woman, every man/ Hit me with your rhythm stick"). Bob Dylan (1941-), Street Legal (album #18) (June 15); incl. Changing of the Guards, Senor (Seńor) (Tales of Yankee Power), Baby, Stop Crying. Walter Egan (1948-), Not Shy (album); incl. Magnet and Steel (#8 in the U.S.) (produced by Lindsey Buckingham and Richard Dashut of Fleetwood Mac). Brian Eno (1948-), Ambient 1/Music for Airports (album). David Essex (1947-), Oh What a Circus. Exile, Mixed Emotions (album); incl. Kiss You All Over (#1 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder from Richmond, Ky., fronted by James Preston "J.P." Pennington (1949-), after which they go country. Bryan Ferry (1945-), The Bride Stripped Bare (album); recorded after his babe Jerry Hall left him for Mick Jagger in 1977; incl. Sign of the Times. Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007) and Tim Weisberg, Twin Sons of Different Mothers (album #18) (June 15). Foghat, Stone Blue (album #7); incl. Stone Blue. Steve Forbert (1954-), Alive on Arrival (album) (debut); It Isn't Gonna Be That Way. Foreigner, Double Vision (album #2) (June 20); incl. Double Vision (#2 in the U.S.), Hot Blooded (#3 in the U.S.), Blue Morning, Blue Day. Foxy, Get Off (#9 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder from Miami, Fla., incl. Ish "Angel" Ledesma (1952-) (vocals), Charllie Murciano (keybaords), Arnold Paseiro (1950-) (bass), Richard "Richie" Puente (1953-2004) (drums) (son of Tito Puente), and Joe Galdo (drums). Jean Francaix (1912-97), Serenata for Guitar. Ace Frehley (1951-), Ace Frehley (album) (solo debut) (Sept. 18) (#26 in the U.S.); incl. New York Groove. Funkadelic, One Nation Under a Groove (album #10) (Sept.); greatest funk album of all time?; incl. One Nation Under a Groove, Groovalegiance. Serge Gainsbourg (1928-91), Aux Armes et Cetera; reggae version of "La Marseillaise"; pisses-off Bob Marley when he finds out that his wife Rita Marley sings erotic lyrics in it. Kool and the Gang, Everybody's Dancin' (album #12). Jerry Garcia Band, Cats Under the Stars (Apr.) (album) (debut); next album in 1991; incl. Cats Down Under the Stars, Ruben and Cherise, Palm Sunday, Rhapsody in Red. Leif Garrett (1961-), Feel the Need (album #2); incl. I Was Made for Dancin' (#10 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.). Marvin Gaye (1939-84), Here, My Dear (double album) (Dec. 15); about his 1st wife Anna Gordy; incl. Here, My Dear, When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You?. Genesis, ...And Then There Were Three... (album #9) (Apr. 7); incl. Follow You Follow Me. Andy Gibb (1958-88), Shadow Dancing (album #2) (Apr.) (1M copies); incl. Shadow Dancing (#1 in the U.S.), An Everlasting Love (#5 in the U.S.), (Our Love) Don't Throw It All Away (#9 in the U.S.). Nick Gilder (1951-), Hot Child in the City (#1 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder. Throbbing Gristle, D.o.A.: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Bristle (album #3) (Dec.). Nina Hagen (1955-), The Nina Hagen Band (album) (debut); incl. Superboy, TV-Glotzer (cover of "White Punks on Dope" by The Tubes), Auf'm Bahnhof Zoo. Van Halen, Van Halen (album) (debut); from Pasadena, Calif., incl. Edward Lodewijk "Eddie" Van Halen (1955-2020), Alexander Arthur "Alex" Van Halen (1953-) (drums), Michael Anthony Sobolewski (1954-) (bass), David Lee Roth (1955-); incl. Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love, Eruption, You Really Got Me, Runnin' With the Devil, Jamie's Cryin'. Herbie Hancock (1940-), An Evening with Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea in Concert (album); Directstep (album #24) (Dec. 2). Emmylou Harris (1947-), Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town (album). Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), For the Sake of Love (album); incl. Shaft II, Zeke the Freak. Talking Heads, More Songs About Buildings and Food (album #2) (July 21) (#29 in the U.S., #21 in the U.K.); first of three co-produced by Brian Eno; incl. Take Me to the River (by Al Green) (#26 in the U.S.). Heart, Dog & Butterfly (album #3) (Oct. 7) (#17 in the U.S.); one side is rock, the other is ballads; incl. Dog & Butterfly, Straight On. Uriah Heep, Fallen Angel (album #12) (#186 in the U.S.); incl. Falling in Love, One More Night. Peaches and Herb, Shake Your Groove Thing (#5 in the U.S.); Reunited (#1 in the U.S.). Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Symphony No. 39 ("Lament"), Op. 321. Janis Ian (1951-), Miracle Row (album). Public Image Ltd. (PiL), First Issue (album) (debut) (Dec. 8); "arguably the first post-rock group" (New Musical Express); from London, England, incl. John Joseph Lydon (AKA Johnny Rotten) (1956-) (vocals), Julian Keith Levene (1957-) (bass), Jah Wobble (John Joseph Wardle) (1958-) (bass), and Martin Atkins (drums); incl. Public Image, Fodderstompf. Isley Brothers, Showdown (album) (Apr.); incl. Take Me to the Next Phase, Groove With You. Paul Jabara (1948-92), Keeping Time (album #2); incl. Dancin' (Lift Your Spirits Higher), Something's Missing (in My Life) (with Donna Summer). Millie Jackson (1944-), Get It Out'cha System (album #9); incl. Sweet Music Man. The Jam, All Mod Cons ( (album #3) (Nov. 3); incl. Down in the Tube Station at Midnight (#15 in the U.K.), David Watts. Mungo Jerry, Alright Alright Alright (#3 in the U.K.). Billy Joel (1949-), 52nd Street (album #6) (Oct. 13); sells 7M copies (his first #1 album) (first album to be released in CD in Japan in 1982); My Life (#3 in the U.S.), Big Shot (#14), Honesty (#24), Zanzibar (with Freddie Hubbard). Elton John (1947-), A Single Man (album #12) (Oct. 16); first without Bernie Taupin; first cover sans eyeglasses; incl. Song for a Guy. Grace Jones (1948-), Fame (album #2); incl. Do or Die. Journey, Infinity (album #4) (Jan. 20); first with lead vocalist Stephen Ray "Steve" Perry (1949-); incl. Lights, Feeling That Way. Patrick Juvet (1950-), I Love America. Israel Kamakawiwo'ole (1959-97), Hawai'i '78; laments what the haoles have done to the land; on Nov. 1, 1993 he releases the album Facing Future, which incl. Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World, becoming the best-selling album by a Hawaiian artist (until ?). Kansas, Two for the Show (double album) (Oct.). Chaka Khan (1953-), Chaka (album) (solo debut) (Oct. 12); incl. I'm Every Woman (becomes her anthem). The Greg Kihn Band, Next of Kihn (album) (debut); Greg Kihn (1949-), Steve Wright (1950-). Evelyn "Champagne" King (1960-), Shame (#9 in the U.S.) (#7 RB) (#39 in the U.K.). The Kinks, Misfits (album #16) (May 19); incl. Misfits. Gladys Knight (1944-), Miss Gladys Knight (album). Barron Knights, A Taste of Aggro; their biggest hit (1M copies). Kraftwerk, The Man-Machine (Die Mensch-Maschine) (album #7) (May); incl. The Model (#1 in the U.K.), The Robots, Neon Lights. Patti LaBelle (1944-), Tasty (album); incl. Teach Me Tonight (Me Gusta Tu Baile). Nicolette Larson (1952-97), Nicolette (album) (debut) (#15 in the U.S.); incl. Lotta Love (by Neil Young) (#1 in the U.S.), Give A Little (#19 in the U.S.), Let Me Go, Love (w/Michael McDonald) (#9 in the U.S.). The Human League, Being Boiled (debut) (June); originally The Dead Daughters, The Future; from Sheffield, England; incl. Philip Oakey (1955-) (vocals), Martyn "Teddy Bear" Ware (1956-), Ian Craig Marsh (1956-), Joanne Catherall (1962-), and Susan Ann Sulley (1963-). Gyorgy Ligeti (1923-2006), Le Grand Macabre (opera). Thin Lizzy, Live and Dangerous (double album) (June 2). Patty Loveless (1957-), Lene Lovich (1949-), Stateless (album) (debut); incl. Lucky Number, Say When. Nick Lowe (1949-), I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass (#7 in the U.K.). Fleetwood Mac, Mystery to Me (album #8) (Oct. 15); incl. Hypnotized. Richard Maltby Jr. (1937-), Ain't Misbehavin' (musical) (Longacre Theatre, New York) (May 9)); music by Fats Waller; features Irene Cara; first musical revue to win a Tony for best musical. Mandalaband, The Eye of Wendor (album #2); incl. The Eye of Wendor. Barbara Mandrell (1948-), Sleeping Single in a Double Bed (debut) (#1 country); (If Loving You Is Wrong) I don't Want to Be Right (#1 country) (#31 in the U.S.). Barry Manilow (1943-), Even Now (album #6) (Feb.); incl. Even Now, Can't Smile Without You, Copacabana, Somewhere in the Night. Greatest Hits (album); incl. Ready to Take a Chance Again. Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Kaya (album) (Mar. 23); incl. Kaya, Is This Love, Sun Is Shining, Misty Morning. Babylon by Bus (double album) (Nov. 10); recorded in June in the Pavillon de Paris; incl. Jammin', Punky Reggae Party. Steve Martin (1945-), King Tut (#17 in the U.S.); backed by the Toot Uncommons, really the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band; it is helped by the King Tut craze caused by the travelling exhibit of his tomb artifacts. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Do It All Night (album #11). Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings, London Town (album #6) (Mar. 31); incl. London Town, With a Little Luck, Girlfriend, I've Had Enough, With a Little Luck, Wings Greatest (album) (Nov. 2). Maureen McGovern (1949-), Can You Read My Mind; discarded theme from "Superman". Roger McGuinn (1942-), Gene Clark (1944-91) and Chris Hillman (1944-), McGuinn, Clark & Hillman (album). John Mellencamp (1951-), A Biography (album). Eddie Money (1949-), Life for the Taking (album); incl. Life for the Taking. Van Morrison (1945-), Wavelength (album #10) (Sept.); incl. Wavelength. Motorhead, Louie Louie (#68 in the U.S.). Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Lone Wolf (album #7); incl. Nothing is Your Own. Anne Murray (1945-), Let's Keep It That Way (album #12) (May); her biggest album (#12 in the U.S.); incl. Walk Right Back, You Needed Me (#1 in the U.S.). Juice Newton (1952-), Well Kept Secret (album) (debut); It's a Heartache; her first Hot 100 pop hit. Olivia Newton-John (1948-2022), Grease (double album #8); Totally Hot (album #9) (Nov.); incl. Totally Hot. Luigi Nono (1924-90), Con Luigi Dallapicolla. Gary Numan (1958-) and the Tubeway Army, Tubeway Army (album) (debut) (Nov. 14) (#14 in the U.K.); incl. Jo the Waiter, That's Too Bad, White Light/White Heat. Laura Nyro (1947-97), Nested (album #7) (June). Hall & Oates, Livetime (album) (May 16); Along the Red Ledge (album #7) (Sept. 18); incl. It's a Laugh. Kenny O'Dell (1946-), Let's Shake Hands and Come Out Lovin' (album #3); incl. Soulful Woman. Odyssey, Native New Yorker (#21 in the U.S.); from New York City; fronted by the Virgin Islands-born Lopez sisters Lillian Lopez (1945-), Louise Lopez (1943), and Carmen Lopez. Midnight Oil, Midnight Oil (AKA Blue Meanie) (album) (debut) (Nov.); originally Farm; from Australia, incl. Peter Robert Garrett (1953-) (vocals), Jim Moginie (1956-) (guitar), Martin Rotsey (guitar), Rob Hirst (1955-) (drums), Andrew James/Peter Gifford/ Bones Hillman (bass); incl. Powderworks, Run by Night, Nothing Lost Nothing Gained. Tony Orlando (1944-), Tony Orlando (album #2); incl. Don't Let Go, Sweets for My Sweet. Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Street Action (album #6) (Feb.); incl. Down the Road, For Love, You Are Gonna Miss Me. Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Double Fun (album #4) (#45 in the U.S.); incl. Every Kinda People. Dolly Parton (1946-), Heartbreaker (album) (Aug. 12); incl. Baby I'm Burnin', I Really Got the Feeling. Johnny Paycheck (1938-2003), Take This Job and Shove It (by David Allan Coe); Colorado Kool-Aid. Dan Peek (1950-2011), All Things Are Possible (album) (debut); former member of the English group America goes Christian; incl. All Things Are Possible. Krzysztof Penderecki (1933-), Paradise Lost (opera) (Chicago); libretto by Christopher Fry (1907-2005); based on the poem by John Milton. Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), Life Is a Song Worth Singing (album #2); incl. Close the Door, Only You. Village People, Macho Man (album #2); incl. Macho Man, I Am What I Am; Cruisin' (album #3); incl. YMCA (#2 in the U.S.). Tom Petty (1950-2017) and The Heartbreakers, You're Gonna Get It! (album #2) (May 20) (#23 in the U.S.); incl. I Need to Know, Listen to Her Heart. The Sex Pistols, The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (album); incl. No One is Innocent (Feb. 23), Black Arabs; Something Else (Feb. 23), The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (Oct. 5), (I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone (June 6, 1980); they break up in Jan. 1978. Pointer Sisters, Energy (album #5) (#13 in the U.S.); first sans Bonnie, leaving Ruth, Anita, and June; incl. Fire (by Bruce Springsteen) (#2 in the U.S.), Happiness (#40 in the U.S.). The Police, Outlandos d'Amour (album) (debut) (Nov. 2) (#6 in the U.K.); from London, incl. Sting (Gordon Matthew Sumner) (1951-) (lead vocals, bass), Andrew James "Andy" Summers (1942-) (guitar), Stewart Armstrong Copeland (1952-) (drums); incl. Roxanne (#12 in the U.K.) (banned by the BBC), Can't Stand Losing You (#2 in the U.K.), So Lonely. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), Cosmic Messenger (album #17) (Aug. 10), incl. Cosmic Messenger. Iggy Pop (1947-), TV Eye Live 1977 (album) (May). Elvis Presley (1935-77), He Walks Beside Me: Favorite Songs of Faith (album) (Feb.); Unchained Melody/ Softly As I Love You (Mar.); Mahalo From Elvis (album) (May); Puppet On a String/ Teddy Bear (July); Elvis Sings for Children and Grownups Too! (album) (July); A Canadian Tribute (album) (Sept.); Legendary Performer, Vol. 3 (album) (Dec.). Judas Priest, Stained Class (album #4) (Feb. 10) (#104 in the U.S.); incl. Beyond the Realms of Death, Better By You, Better Than Me; on Dec. 23, 1985 James Vance and Ray Belknap enter a suicide pact while listening to it, and Belknap succeeds while Vance is disfigured, causing a 1990 lawsuit, which is dismissed; Hell Bent for Leather (Killing Machine) (album #5) (Oct. 9) (#128 in the U.S.); the cover shows their new macho biker S&M spandex "leather and studs" look; incl. Hell Bent for Leather, Rock Forever, The Green Manalishi (With the Two-Pronged Crown). Prince (1958-2016), For You (album) (debut) (Apr. 7); sells 983K copies; "Written, composed, performed, and recorded by Prince"; incl. Soft and Wet. Pure Prairie League, Just Fly (album #5) (June 1978) (#79 in the U.S.). Suzi Quatro (1950-), If You Knew Suzi (album #6); If You Can't Give Me Love. Suzi Quatro (1950-) and Chris Norman (1950-), Stumblin' In (#4 in the U.S.). Queen, Jazz (album #7) (Nov. 10); incl. Fat Bottomed Girls/Bicycle Race, Dead on Time, Don't Stop Me Now, Jealousy, Mustapha. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Variations (album #4) (Mar. 14); incl. You Don't Love Me Anymore, I Just Want to Love You, Hearts on Fire. Gerry Rafferty (1947-2011), City to City (album #2) (Jan. 20); incl. Baker Street (#2 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.), Right Down the Line. Rainbow, Long Live Rock 'n' Roll (album #3) (Apr. 9); last with Ronnie James Dio; incl. Long Live Rock 'n' Roll, Kill the King, Gates of Babylon. The Ramones, Road to Ruin (album #4) (Sept. 22); first with drummer Marky Ramone replacing Tommy Ramone; incl. I Wanna Be Sedated. Lou Rawls (1933-2006), Lady Love. Lou Reed (1942-), Street Hassle (album #8) (Feb.); incl. Street Hassle. Martha Reeves (1941-), We Meet Again (album). Steve Reich (1936-), Music for a Large Ensemble. Quiet Riot, Quiet Riot II (album #2) (Dec.). Little River Band, Sleeper Catcher (album #4) (#16 in the U.S.); incl. Reminiscing (#3 in the U.S.), Lady (#10 in the U.S.). Marty Robbins (1925-82), Return to Me. Kenny Rogers (1938-), Love or Something Like It (album #5); incl. Love or Something Like It; The Gambler (album #6) (35M copies); incl. The Gambler (by Don Schlitz), She Believes in Me. Kenny Rogers (1938-) and Dottie West (1932-91), Every Time Two Fools Collide (album); incl. Every Time Two Fools Collide, Anyone Who Isn't Me Tonight. Living in the USA (album #9); incl. Alison (by Elvis Costello). Rose Royce, Rose Royce III: Strikes Again! (album #3) (#28 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.). Rufus featuring Chaka Khan (1953-), Street Player (album #6) (Jan.) (#14 in the U.S.); incl. Stay (#48 in the U.S.), Blue Love. The Runaways, And Now... The Runaways (album #3); incl. Black Leather (written by Steve Jones and Paul Cook). Rush, Hemispheres (album #6) (Oct. 29) (#47 in the U.S.); incl. Circumstances, The Trees, La Villa Strangiato (An Exercise in Self-Indulgence). Black Sabbath, Never Say Die! (album #8) (Sept. 28); Ozzy Osbourne leaves the band in 1979; incl. Never Say Die. Samantha Sang (1951-), Emotion (#38 in the U.S.); incl. Emotion (#3 in the U.S.); written and produced by the Bee Gees; You Keep Me Dancin (#56 in the U.S.). The Scorpions, Tokyo Tapes (album). Bob Seger (1945-) and the Silver Bullet Band, Stranger in Town (album #10) (May 5) (#4 in the U.S.) (6M copies); incl. Hollywood Nights (#12 in the U.S.), Still the Same (#4 in the U.S.), We've Got Tonight (#13 in the U.S.), Old Time Rock N' Roll (#28 in the U.S.) (makes Tom Cruise famous in "Risky Business"); We've Got Tonite. Roger Sessions (1896-1985), Symphony No. 9 (Oct.). Gene Simmons (1949-), Gene Simmons (album) (solo debut) (#22 in the U.S.); incl. When You Wish Upon a Star. Carly Simon (1945-), Boys in the Trees (album #7) (Apr.) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. Boys in the Trees, You Belong to Me (#6 in the U.S.), Devoted to You (#36 in the U.S.) (w/James Taylor) (by the Everly Brothers). Patti Smith (1946-), Easter (album #3) (Mar.3); incl. Because the Night; (co-written by Bruce Springsteen) (#13 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.), Ghost Dance, Rock N Roll Nigger (tribute to Jimi Hendrix?), Privilege (Set Me Free), Babelogue ("In heart I am a Moslem, in heart I am an American"). Sniff 'n' the Tears, Fickle Heart; incl. Driver's Seat; 1-hit wonders from Britain. REO Speedwagon, You Can Tune a Piano But You Can't Tuna Fish (album #7) (Mar. 16); sells 2M copies in the U.S. (first to make the top-40, #29); incl. Time for Me to Fly. Bruce Springsteen (1949-), Darkness on the Edge of Town (album #4) (June 2) (#16 in the U.S.); first album after a 3-year legal battle with former mgr. Mike Appel (1942-), who is replaced by Jon Landau (1947-) (founding writer of Rolling Stone, who wrote the 1974 soundbyte "I saw rock and roll's future and its name is Bruce Springsteen"); incl. Prove It All Night, Badlands. Paul Stanley (1952-), Paul Stanley (album) (solo debut) (Sept. 18) (#40 in the U.S.). Big Star, Third (Sister Lovers) (album #3); recorded in 1974 before their break-up; incl. Femme Fatale (by the Velvet Underground), Kangaroo, Holocaust. Ringo Starr (1940-), Bad Boy (album #7) (Apr. 21); 2nd straight flop; incl. Lipstick Traces (On a Cigarette). Status Quo, If You Can't Stand the Heat (album #11) (Oct.) (#3 in U.K.). Cat Stevens (1948-), Back to Earth (album); only album under his non-Islamic name after his Dec. 1977 conversion, and his last Western music album until "An Other Cup" in 2006. Al Stewart (1945-), Time Passages (album #8) (Sept.); incl. Time Passages. Rod Stewart (1945-), Blondes Have More Fun (album #9) (Nov. 24) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Da Ya Think I'm Sexy? (#1 in the U.S.), Ain't Love a Bitch (#22 in the U.S.). Rolling Stones, Some Girls (album #14) (June 9); big comeback hit after critics call them dinos in the punk rock age (6M copies in the U.S.); incl. Some Girls, Lies, Miss You, Just My Imagination (Running Away with Me), When the Whip Comes Down, Far Away Eyes, Beast of Burden, Shattered, and Respectable. Styx, Pieces of Eight (album #8) (#6 in the U.S.); incl. Renegade, Blue Collar Man (Long Nights), Sing for the Day, Great White Hope. Dire Straits, Dire Straits (album) (debut) (Oct. 7) (6M copies, incl. 2M in the U.S.); from Newcastle, England, incl. Mark Freuder Knopfler (1949-) (vocals), David Knopfler (1949-) (guitar), John Illsley (1949-) (bass), and David "Pick" Withers (1948-) (drums); incl. Sultans of Swing (#5 in the U.S., #8 in the U.K.). Donna Summer (1948-2012), Live and More (album #7) (double album) (Aug. 31) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. MacArthur Park (cover of the 1968 Richard Harris hit by Jimmy Webb). KC and the Sunshine Band, Who Do Ya Love (album #5). James Taylor (1948-), JT (album #8) (June); incl. Handy Man, Your Smiling Face. Livingston Taylor (1950-), Three Way Mirror (album #4). George Thorogood (1950-) and the Destroyers, Move It On Over (album #2) (Nov.) (#33 in the U.S.); incl. Who Do You Love? (by Bo Diddley). Four Tops, At the Top (album). Toto, Toto (album) (debut); session musicians from Calif. incl. Robert Troy "Bobby" Kimball (1947-) (vocals), Steve "Luke" Lukather (1957-) (guitar), David Hungate (1948-) (bass), David Frank Paich (1954-) (keyboards), Jeff Porcaro (drums), Steve Porcaro (keyboards), Jeffrey Thomas "Jeff" Porcaro (1954-92) (drums), Michael Joseph "Mike" Porcaro (1955-) (bass); Toto means "all-encompassing"; incl. Hold the Line, Georgy Porgy, I'll Supply the Love; Cheap Trick, Heaven Tonight (album #3) (May); incl. Surrender, Auf Widersehen, California Man (by The Move). Robin Trower (1945-), Caravan to Midnight (album #6); incl. Caravan to Midnight. The Tubes, What Do You Want From Life (album). Jethro Tull, Heavy Horses (album #11) (Apr. 10); last with John Glascock; Bursting Out (album) (Sept. 22). Hot Tuna, Double Dose (album #8) (Mar. 13) (#92 in the U.S.). Bonnie Tyler (1951-), Natural Force (It's a Heartache) (album #2); incl. It's a Heartache. Vangelis (1943-), Beaubourg (album); Hypothesis (album). Frankie Vaughan (1928-99), Think Beautiful Things/ I Am Lucky. The Vibrators, V2 (Apr.) (#33 in the U.K.); incl. Automatic Lover (#33 in the U.K.); they vibrate, er, break up in 1980. Joe Walsh (1947-), But Seriously Folks... (album #4) (May 16); incl. Life's Been Good (from the 1978 film "FM"); "My Maserati does 185/ I lost my licnese, now I don't drive/... I live in hotels/ Tear out walls"; The Best of Joe Walsh (Nov. 15). Whitesnake, Snakebite (album) (debut); group's name is a pun on their English penises?; from England, incl. David Coverdale (1951-), Bernard John "Bernie" Marsden (1951-), Michael Joseph "Micky" Moody (1950-), Philip Neil Murray (1950-), Brian Johnstone/Peter "Pete" Solley (1948-)/Jon Douglas Lord (1941-) (keyboards), David "Dave" "Duck" Dowle (1953-)/Ian Paice (drums); Led Zeppelin frontman Robert Plant calls them clones, led by "David Coverversion"; incl. Ain't No Love in the Heart of the City; Trouble (album #2) (Oct.). The Who, Who Are You (album #8) (Aug. 18) (#2 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); last with drummer Keith Moon; incl. Who Are You. Bill Withers (1938-), Bout Love (album #7); incl. 'Bout Love (#134 in the U.S.). Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Womanhood. XTC, White Music (album) (debut) (Jan. 20) (#38 in the U.K.); from Swindon, England, incl. Andy Partridge (vocals, guitar), Colin Moulding (bass), Barry Andrews (keyboards), and Terry Chambers (drums); incl. Statue of Liberty (banned by the BBC for the line "sail beneath your skirt"), This Is Pop, All Along the Watchtower (by Jimi Hendrix); Go 2 (album #2) (Oct. 6). Yes, Tormato (album #9) (Sept. 20); incl. On the Silent Wings of Freedom; Jon Anderson walks out until 1983. John Paul Young (1950-), Love Is in the Air (#3 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder from Australia. Neil Young (1945-), Comes a Time (album) (Oct. 2); incl. Four Strong Winds (Ian Tyson), Lotta Love. Frank Zappa (1940-93), Zappa in New York (album) (Mar. 3); recorded at the Palladium in New York City in Dec. 1976; Studio Tan (album) (Sept. 15); released on his DiscReet Records label; incl. The Adventures of Greggery Peccary. Warren Zevon (1947-2003), Excitable Boy (album #3) (Jan. 18, 1978); incl. Werewolves of London (his only top-40 hit), Excitable Boy, Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner, Lawyers, Guns and Money, Johnny Strikes Up the Band. Movies: Don Dohler's The Alien Factor (May 12) is about insectoid aliens attacking a town while the mayor tries to cover it up so a new amusement park can be financed; Dohler's dir. debut. Eric Idle's and Gary Weis' All You Need Is Cash (Mar. 22) (an NBC-TV movie) makes a star out of The Rutles, a fake British Beatles clone band, incl. David "Stig" Battley (Paul McCartney), Eric "Dirk" Idle (George Harrison), Neil "Nasty" Innes (Ringo Starr), and John "Barry Halsey (John). John De Bello's Attack of the Killer Tomatoes! (Oct. 20) (NAI Entertainment) is about tomatoes banding together against human abuses, vying for the worst film of all time award, so bad it's good?; does $567K box office on a $100K budget, becoming a cult film and spawning three sequels. Ingmar Bergman's Autumn Sonata (Oct.) stars Ingrid Bergman (no relation) in her last feature film. Paul Schrader's Blue Collar (Feb. 10) stars Richard Pryor as Zeke Brown, Harvey Keitel as Jerry Bartowski, and Yaphet Kotto as Smokey James as three auto workers who rob their union's safe and come up with $600, but discover some hot material to blackmail them with, while the union does ditto by claiming a $10K robbery. Franklin J. Schaffner's The Boys from Brazil (Oct. 5) (ITC Entertainment) (20th Cent. Fox), based on the 1976 Ira Levin novel stars Gregory Peck as Auschwitz Angel of Death Dr. Josef Mengele, whose plot to grow 94 little Hitler clones is uncovered by Barry Kohler (Steve Guttenberg), causing Nazi hunter Ezra Lieberman (Sir Laurence Olivier) to go after him, resulting in a weird scene where a boy Hitler orders Mengele's death to please Lieberman, the ultimate Jewish fantasy?; does $19M box office on a $12M budget - cut? Steve Rash's The Buddy Holly Story (May 18), based on the bio. by John Goldrosen is the breakthrough role for William Gareth Jacob "Gary" Busey Sr. (1944-). Herbert Ross' California Suite (Dec. 15), based on the Neil Simon play about four groups of guests at the Beverly Hills Hotel stars Jane Fonda and Alan Alda as Hannah and Bill Warren, Maggie Smith as Diana Barrie, Michael Caine as Sidney Cochran, and Walter Matthew as Marvin Michaels; a box office flop. Fred Schepisi's The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith (June 21), based on the Thomas Keneally novel about Australian bushranger Jimmy Governor (Tommy Lewis) is shown through the eyes of an Aborigine, causing the film to tank, after which Schepisi leaves for Hollywood for the next 10 years then returns and redeems himself with "A Cry in the Dark (Evil Angels)" (1988). Hal Ashby's Coming Home (Feb. 15), based on the novel by George Davis and the story of Ron Kovic stars Jane Fonda as Sally Hyde, who volunteers in a VA hospital and meets paralyzed Luke Martin (Jon Voight), falls in love, and deals with her paralyzed hubby Capt. Bob Hyde (Bruce Dern), becoming anti-war activists. Peter Lilienthal's David (Feb.) stars Mario Fischel as German rabbi's son David Singer, during the Holocaust, who tries to escape to Palestine. George Romero's Dawn of the Dead (Sept. 2), set in Philly stars David Emge and Tom Savini. Terrence Malick's Days of Heaven (Sept. 13) stars Richard Gere in pre-WWI Texas as a farm laborer who convinces his babe Abby (Brooke Adams) to marry their rich ailing boss (Sam Shepard) to get his money. Jim Clark's Debbie Does Dallas, written by Maria Minestra and starring Bambi Woods and Misty Winter as Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders is the next big Calif. "happy" porno hit? Michael Cimino's The Deer Hunter (Dec. 8), produced by Barry Spikings (1939-) is about Russian Orthodox Catholic steel workers from Clairton, Penn. who go to the Vietnam War in 1967 and come back totally messed-up; stars Robert De Niro as S/Sgt. Michael "Mike" Vronsky, John Savage as Steven Pushkov, and Christopher Walken as Cpl. Nikanor "Nick" Chevotarevich, who leave behind friends Stanley "Stosh", played by John Holland Cazale (1935-78) (who has bone cancer), John Welch (George Dzundza), Peter "Axel" Axelrod (Chuck Aspegren), and Linda (Meryl Streep) (who is cast because she was Cazale's babe living with him in New York City, and "They needed a girl between the two guys and I was it"); redefines the Vietnam War in human terms, and makes a star out of ever-wacked-out Ronald Christopher "Ronnie" Walken (1943-), who goes nuts after a controversial Russian roulette scene in a tiger cage prison, playing it for money in Saigon; music by Stanley Myers and John Williams. David Lynch's Eraserhead, the first film of Mont,-born Eagle Scout Lynch stars Jack Nance, who later achieves fame in Lynch's "Twin Peaks". James Fargo's Every Which Way But Loose (Dec. 20) stars Clint Eastwood as bare-knuckle brawler Philo Beddoe, who has an orangutan named Clyde that he won on a bet, and whose friend Orville Boggs (Geoffrey Lewis) promotes his fights, until they get in trouble with a biker gang; Sondra Locke plays his on-again-off-again babe Lynn Halsey-Taylor, and Ruth Gordon plays Zenobia "Ma" Boggs; #4 grossing film of 1978 ($105.9M). James Toback's Fingers (Mar. 2) stars Harvey Keitel as mobster Jimmy Fingers, who also wants to be a piano virtuoso for his concert pianist mother Carol (Tisa Farrow); Jim Brown plays Dreems. Colin Higgins' Foul Play (July 14) stars Goldie Hawn and Chevy Chase in a preposterous detective flick about a plot by a dwarf and albino to kill the pope as he visits San Francisco to view "The Mikado". John A. Alonzo's FM (Apr.) stars Michael Brandon, Eileen Brennan, Alex Karras, and Cleavon Little, and featured Joe Walsh's hit song "Life's Been Good". Robert Clouse's Game of Death (June 8), starring Bruce Lee is his 2nd big hit, posthumously. Bertrand Blier's Get Out Your Handkerchiefs (Preparez vos Mouchoirs) (Jan. 11) is a romantic comedy starring Gerard Depardieu, Carol Laure, Patrick Deware, and Riton. Ted Post's Go Tell the Spartans (June 14), written by Wendell Mayes based on the 1967 Daniel Ford Novel "Incident at Muc Wa" stars a limping Burt Lancaster and Craig Wasson. Randal Kleiser's Grease (June 16) (Paramount Pictures), about high school greaser summer love in the 1950s at Rydell High among the T-Birds (Barry Pearl as Doody, Michael Tucci as Sonny LaTierri, Kelly Ward as Putzie) and the Pink Ladies (Stockard Channing as Betty Rizzo, Didi Conn as Frenchy, Jamie Donnelly as Jan, Dinah Manoff as Marty Maraschino) is greased up by John Travolta as Danny Zuko (leader of the T-Birds), and Olivia Newton-John as Sandy Olsson; Eve Arden plays Principal McGee, Sid Caesar plays Coach Calhoun (after Harry Reems is signed and dumped), and Frankie Avalon plays Teen Angel; Sha-Na-Na plays Johnny Casino and the Gamblers; "Fonzie" Henry Winkler declined the role for fear of being typecast, and Marie Osmond declined because she didn't want to turn bad to get the boy; Hoplessly Devoted to You gets nominated for best song Oscar; Frankie Valli sings the Theme Song from Grease (Grease is the Word); You're the One That I Want proves that Travolta can't sing?; #1 grossing film of 1978 ($181.3M U.S. and $396M worldwide on a $6M budget), and highest grossing movie musical until ?; Patricia Birch's lame sequel Grease 2 (1982) substitutes Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer. John Carpenter's Halloween (Oct. 25) (Compass Internat.) is a scare flick featuring screaming Jamie Lee "the Body" Curtis as Laurie Strode, and an apocalyptic Donald Pleasance as Dr. Sam Loomis taking on white-masked (modified Capt. Kirk mask) slasher Michael Myers (b. 1957) (Will Sandin/Tony Moran/Nick Castle) in the most successful independent motion picture to date, costing only $325K to make and becoming the #9 grossing film of 1978 ($47M box office in the U.S. and $70M worldwide); spawns the sequels "Halloween II" (1981), "Halloween III: Season of the Witch" (1982), "Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers" (1988), "Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers" (1989), "Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers" (1995), "Halloween H20: 20 Years Later", (1998), "Halloween: Resurrection" (2002), "Halloween" (2007), "Halloween II" (2009), "Halloween" (2018). Warren Beatty's and Buck Henry's Heaven Can Wait (June 28), a remake of the 1943 film stars Beatty as L.A. Rams QB Joe Pendleton, Julie Christie as Betty Logan, and James Mason as Mr. Jordan; #6 grossing film of 1978 ($98.8M). Hal Needham's Hooper (July 28) stars Burt Reynolds as aging stuntman Sonney Hooper; Jan-Michael Vincent plays Ski Chinski, and Sally Field plays Gwen Doyle; #7 grossing film of 1978 ($51.2M). Howard Zieff's House Calls (Mar. 15) stars Walter Matthau as widowed doctor Charley Nichols, who bounces through a bunch of young bimbos then romances Ann Atkinson (Glenda Jackson), a woman his own age; Art Carney plays Dr. Amos Willoughby. Werner Fassbinder's In a Year of Thirteen Moons (In Einem Jahr mit 13 Monden) (Nov. 17) stars Volker Spengler as transsexual Elvira, AKA Erwin Weisshaupt, who changed gender to win Anton after he said "Too bad you aren't a woman." Enzo G. Castellari's The Inglorious Bastards (Feb. 8) is about five escaped military prisoners in WWII France led by Lt. Robert Yeager (Bo Svenson) and Pvt. Fred Canfield (Fred Williamson); becomes a cult hit. Woody Allen's Interiors (Aug. 2) stars Diane Keaton, Mary Beth Hurt, Maureen Stapleton, Kristin Griffith, Richard Jordan et al., in a Bergmanesque plot about three neurotic adult sisters coping with their father, who's leaving their mentally unbalanced mother for a divorcee. Reinhard Hauff's Knife in the Head stars Bruno Ganz. Jeannot Szwarc's Jaws 2 (June 16) stars Roy Scheider as police chief Martin Brody, who has to deal with a 2nd shark attack; "Just when you thought it was safe to go back in the water"; #5 grossing film of 1978 ($102.9M). Michael Rae's Laserblast (Mar. 1) stars Kim Milford as Billy Duncan, who discovers an alien laser cannin in the desert, which he uses to become a big man, only to discover that it changes him into an alien. Martin Scorsese's The Last Waltz (Apr. 26) is a documentary on the last concert of The Band (5 members) on Nov. 25, 1976 (Thanksgiving) in the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, Calif. David Lowell Rich's Little Women (Oct. 2) is a TV remake, notable only as the TV debut of Greer Garson. Richard Brooks' Looking for Mr. Goodbar (Mar. 13), based on the 1975 Judith Rossner novel stars Diane Keaton as a single barhopper who gets mixed up with a killer, while Tuesday Weld steals the show. Alan Parker's Midnight Express (Oct. 6) (Casablanca Filmworks) (Columbia Pictures), written by Oliver Stone based on the 1977 book by Billy Hayes and filmed in Malta stars Brad Davis as young Am. student Billy Hayes, who on Oct. 6, 1970 is caught smuggling hashish out of Turkey, and gets 30 years, ending up in one of their hellhole prisons, finally escaping on Oct. 4, 1975; does $35M box office on a $2.3M budget; goes too far in portraying the Turkish culture as subhuman?; the range-rumping warden is played by Paul L. Smith, and in real life Hayes didn't kill him; the cool Chase: The Midnight Express Theme is by Giorgio Moroder. Sergio Martino's The Mountain (Slave) of the Cannibal God (May 25) stars Stacy Keach and Ursula Andress as Henry and Susan Stevenson, who are ambushed by cannibals in the jungles of yummy New Guinea, only to find that they want to eat her in a different way; banned in the U.S. until 2001, making it more popular?; so bad it's good, becoming a cult hit. John Duigan's Mouth to Mouth (July) about four young broke kids in a city stars Kim Krejnus and Sonia Peat. John Landis' National Lampoon's Animal House (July 28), about wild Delta House in 1962 becomes a landmark for U.S. baby boomers, making a star of John Belushi (1949-82) as John "Bluto" Blutarsky; the film debut of Kevin Bacon (1958-) as Chip Diller; also stars Stephen Furst as Kent "Flounder" Dorfman, Bruce McGill as Daniel Simpson "D-Day" Day, Tim Matheson as Eric "Otter" Stratton, Tom Hulce as Larry "Pinto" Kroger, Pieter Riegert as Donald "Boon" Schoenstein, and John Vernon as Dean Vernon Wormer; launches Otis Day and the Knights; best ever cinematic food fight?; "Guess what I am now... a zit"; "Knowledge is good"; "Was it over when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbor?"; "Seven years of college down the drain"; #2 grossing film of 1978 ($141.6M). Ken Hughes' Sextette(Mar. 2) stars Mae West in her last film appearance as Marlo Manners, on her honeymoon with hubby #6 Sir Michael Barrington (Timothy Dalton); last film appearance of George Raft; "Why George Raft, I haven't seen you in 20 years. What have you been doing?", to which he replies "Oh, about 20 years"; West and Raft die within two days of each other in 1980. Louis Malle's Pretty Baby (Apr. 5), inspired by the Tonny Jackson song and set in 1917 in the Storyville red-light district of New Orleans stars Keith Carradine as photographer Ernest J. Bellocq, Susan Sarandon as ho Hattie, and 13-y.-o. Brooke Shields in her breakthrough role as her 12-y.-o. daughter Violet, whose virginity she auctions off; does $5.8M box office. Theodoros "Ted" Bafaloukos' Rockers, starring Leroy "Horsemouth" Wallace turns Am. white couch potatoes into Jamaican reggae nuts. Claude Sautet's A Simple Story (Une Histoire Simple) stars Romy Schneider. Geoff Steven's Skin Deep, about a Kiwi town council that decides they need a massage parlor stars Deryn Cooper and Ken Blackburn. Richard Donner's Superman: The Movie (Dec. 10) (Warner Bros.) stars "Love of Life" TV soap opera actor (1974-6) Christopher D'Olier Reeve (1952-2004) (who was insured for a record $20M) as the S-Man Clark Kent (who bases his personality on the early Cary Grant), and Margot Kidder (1948-) as his girlfriend Lois Lane; Gene Hackman plays Lex Luthor, and Marlon Brando plays Superman's father Jor-El; #3 grossing film of 1978 ($134.2M); sequels incl. "Superman II" (1980), "Superman III" (1983), "Superman IV: The Quest for Peace" (1987), and "Superman Returns" (2006). Paul Mazursky's An Unmarried Woman (Mar. 15) stars Jill Clayburgh as wealthy New York wife Erica, whose stockbroker hubby Martin (Michael Murphy) leaves her for a younger woman, after which she finds love with British artist Alan Bates. Lou Adler's Up in Smoke (Sept. 15) stars Cheech and Chong as marijuana smugglers Pedro de Pacas and Anthony "Man" Stoner, who are chased by bumbling Sgt. Stedenko (Stacy Keach); #10 grossing film of 1978 ($41.5M). Martin Rosen's and John Hubley's animated Watership Down (Oct. 14) (Napenthe Productions) , based on the 1972 Richard Adams novel stars the voices of John Hurt as Hazel, Richard Briers as Fiver, Michael Graham Cox as Bigwig, and John Bennett as Capt. Holly; does $2.4M box office becomes the 6th most popular U.K. film of 1979. Karel Reisz's Who'll Stop the Rain? (Sept. 8), based on Robert Stone's 1974 novel "Dog Soldiers" stars Nick Nolte and Tuesday Weld as Ray Hicks and Marge Converse (with a soundtrack by Creedence Clearwater Revival) in a flick about about heroin smuggling, becoming the most successful anti-Vietnam War film; also stars Michael Moriarty as Marge's hubby John Converse. Andrew V. McLaglen's The Wild Geese (Nov. 11), produced by Euan Lloyd based on the unpub. novel "The Thin White Line" by Daniel Carney stars Winston Ntshona as deposed captive African pres. Julius Limbani (Moise Tshombe of Congo?), whose plane lands in Rhodesia, causing a rescue attempt by 50 white mercenaries led by Col. Allen Faulkner (Richard Burton), incl. pilot Lt. Shawn Flynn (Roger Moore), Lt Pieter Coetzee (Hardy Kruger), and Capt. Rafer Janders (Richard Harris); spawns "Wild Geese II" (1985). Sidney Lumet's The Wiz (Oct. 24), a black version of "The Wizard of Oz" based on the 1974 play stars too-old Diana Ross as Harlem schoolteacher Dorothy, who is whisked away to the Land of Oz, which looks like New York City; Michael Jackson plays a good Scarecrow; too bad, the $24M production loses $11M, dooming black films for years; incl. the song Ease on Down the Road. Plays: Jean Anouilh (1910-87), La Culotte. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), The Motion of History and Other Plays. Michael Bennett (1943-87), Ballroom (musical) (Majestic Theatre, New York) (Dec. 14) (116 perf.); based on the 1975 teleplay "The Queen of the Stardust Ballroom". Alan Bergman (1925-), Marilyn Bergman (1929-), and Billy Goldenberg, Ballroom (Majestic Theatre, New York) (Dec. 14) (116 perf.); stars Dorothy Loudon, Vincent Gardenia. Howard Brenton (1942-), Sore Throats. Lee Breuer (1937-), The Shaggy Dog Animation. Betty Comden (1917-2006), Adolph Green (1914-2002), and Cy Coleman, On the Twentieth Century (musical) (St. James Theater, New York) (Feb. 19) (453 perf.); stars Imogene Coca, Kevin Kline, John Collum, and Madeline Kahn. E.L. Doctorow (1931-), Drinks Before Dinner; a man holds a group hostage to harangue them on the collapse of modern civilization. William Douglas-Home (1912-92), The Editor Regrets. Christopher Durang (1949-), A History of the American Film; his first hit, parodying Am. stereotypes. Dario Fo (1926-), The Tale of a Tiger. Horton Foote (1916-), Courtship. Nancy Ford (1935-) and Gretchen Cryer (1935-), I'm Getting My Act Together and Taking It On the Road (Circle on the Square Theatre, New York) (June 14) (1,165 perf.); 39-y.-o. feminist divorcee attempts a pop music comeback. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), In Service. Bob Fosse (1927-87), Dancin' (musical) (Broadhurst Theater, New York) (Mar. 27) (1,774 perf.); music by 25 composers from J.S. Bach to Neil Diamond. Pam Gems (1925-), Piaf (musical); stars Jane Lapotaire. Simon Gray (1936-2008), Molly (Comedy Theatre, London); based on his 1967 TV play "Death of a Teddy Bear", based on the 1935 Francis Rattenbury murder case; The Rear Column (Globe Theatre). David Hare (1947-), Plenty (Nat. Theatre, London) (Apr. 14). Vaclav Havel (1936-2011), Protest (1-act play); aout Charter 77. Jack Hibberd (1940-), Sin (musical); parody of an opera inspired by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill's "The Seven Deadly Sins". Murray Horwitz, Richard Maltby (1937-), and Fats Waller (1904-43), Ain't Misbehavin' (musical) (Longacre Theatre, New York) (May 9) (1,604 perf.); stars Ken Page, Amelia McQueen, Andre De Shields, Charlotte Woodward. Larry L. King (1929-2012), Peter Masterson (1934-), and Carol Hall (1936-) The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (musical) (46th St. Theater, New York) (June 19) (1,584 perf.); based on a Playboy mag. story by Larry L. King about the closing of the Chicken Ranch in La Grange, Tex.; filmed in 1982; features The Aggie Song. James Lapine (1949-), Table Settings (first play); Twelve Dreams. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), Da (Morosco Theatre, New York) (May 1) (697 perf.); Irish term for father; stars Barnard Hughes as Da, the adoptive father of writer Charlie Now (Brian Murray); filmed in 1988. Ira Levin (1929-2007), Deathtrap (Music Box Theatre, New York) (Feb. 26) (1,809 perf.); stars John Wood, Marian Seldes, and Victor Garber in a mystery play about a mystery writer, his wife, and a younger writer; Marian Seldes (1928-) appears in all of the Broadway performances, earning her a mention as "most durable actress" in the Guinness Book of World Records. Felicien Marceau (1913-), La Trilogie de la Villegiature, de Carlo Goldoni. Mark Medoff (1940-), The Halloween Bandit; The Conversion of Aaron Weiss; Firekeeper. John Osborne (1929-94), Try a Little Tenderness. Harold Pinter (1930-2008), Betrayal (Nat. Theatre, London) (Nov. 11); stars Michael Gambon, Daniel Massey, Penelope Wilton. Sam Shepard (1943-), Buried Child (Pulitzer Prize) (Theater de Lys, New York) (Dec. 5) (152 perf.); stars Richard Hamilton, Mary McDonnell, Tom Noonan, Jacqueline Brooks in a story of a Midwest farm family into incest and infanticide. Curse of the Starving Class; a family in S Calif. disintegrates along with the Am. West and Am. society. Bernard Slade (1939-), Tribute (Brooks Atkinson Theater, New York) (June 1) (212 perf.); stars Jack Lemmon as terminally-ill Scottie Templeton, who doesn't want leukemia to get in the way of his fun. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Night and Day (Phoenix Theatre, London) (Nov. 8); stars Peter Machin, Diana Rigg, William Marlowe, Ohu Jacobs, David Langton; Harry Rewe does a song and dance about Robinson Crusoe. David Storey (1933-), Sisters (Manchester). Elizabeth Swados (1951-), Runaways (musical) (Plyouth Theatre, New York) (May 13) (274 perf.). Luis Valdez (1940-), Zoot Suit (Winter Garden Theatre, New York) (Mar. 25) (41 perf.); first Hispanic-Am. play to be performed on Broadway. Derek Walcott (1930-), Pantomime. Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-) and Tim Rice (1944-), Evita (musical) (Prince Edward Theatre, West End, London) (June 21) (3,176 perf.) (Broadway Theatre, New York) (Sept. 25, 1979) (1,567 perf.); dir. by Harold Prince; makes a star of Elaine Paige (1948-) as Eva Peron, singing Don't Cry For Me, Argentina; also stars Joss Ackland as Juan Peron, and David Essex as Che; the Broadway production stars Patti LuPone as Eva, Mandy Patinkin as Che, and Bob Gunton as Peron; don't miss Act 2, set on the Casa Rosada balcony?; filmed in 1996 starring Madonna. Michael Weller (1942-), Split; Paul and Carol. Lanford Wilson (1937-), The Fifth of July; the Talley family of rural Mo. in 1977 and their disillusionment with the U.S., starting with a returning paraplegic Vietnam War vet. Sandy Wilson (1924-), The Clapham Wonder (musical); based on the novel "The Vet's Daughter" by Barbara Comyns Carr. Poetry: Sir Kingsley Amis (1922-95) (ed.), The New Oxford Book of Light Verse. John Ash (1948-), Casino: A Poem in Three Parts (debut). Margaret Atwood (1939-), Two-Headed Poems. Earle Birney (1904-95), Ghost in the Wheels. Richard Brautigan (1935-84), June 30th, June 30th (last poetry book). William Bronk (1918-99), That Beauty Still. Fred Chappell (1936-), Bloodfire. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), For the Love of a Coat. Robert Coles (1929-), A Festering Sweetness: Poems of American People. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Hello: A Journal February 29-May 3, 1976; Desultory Days. Edward Dorn (1929-99), Hello, La Jolla; Selected Poems (ed. Donald Allen). Stephen Dunn (1939-), A Circus of Needs. Odysseus Elytis (1911-96), Maria Nefeli. William Everson (1912-94), The Veritable Years, 1949-1966. Tess Gallagher (1943-), Under Stars. George Garrett (1929-2008), Welcome to the Medicine Show: Postcards, Flashcards, Snapshots. Barry Gifford (1946-), Lives of the French Impressionist Painters. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), Kicking the Leaves. Robert Hayden (1913-80), American Journal (last pub.). Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), After Summer. John Hollander (1929-), Spectral Emanations: New and Selected Poems. David Ignatow (1914-97), Tread the Dark; "Hello, drug addict". Patrick Kavanagh (1904-67), Lough Derg (posth.). Jane Kenyon (1947-95), From Room to Room (debut). Maxine Kumin (1925-2014), The Retrieval System; incl. Address to the Angels. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Life in the Forest; incl. Wedding-Ring. Audre Lorde (1934-92), The Black Unicorn; her masterpiece? Rod McKuen (1933-2015), Coming Close to the Earth. James Merrill (1926-95), Mirabell: Books of Number. W.S. Merwin (1927-), Feathers from the Hill. Mary Oliver (1935-), The Night traveller; Twelve Moons. Michael Ondaatje (1943-), Elimination Dance (La Danse Eliminatoire). George Oppen (1908-84), Primitive. Pat Parker (1944-89), Womanslaughter; about her elder sister, who was murdered by her hubby, who served only one year in a work-release program; "Her things were his/ incl. her life"; "Men cannot kill their wives/ They passion them to death." Linda Pastan (1932-), The Five Stages of Grief. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) (ed.), The Dream of a Common Language; a collection of poetry by and for women, the first after she comes out as a lesbian in 1976; incl. "Power", about Marie Curie, "Twenty-One Love Poems", lesbian love poems, "Natural Resources", "Transcendental Etude". Francoise Sagan (1935-2004), Il Fait Beau Jour et Nuit (It Goes Well Day and Night). Sonia Sanchez (1934-), I've Been a Woman: New and Selected Poems. Anne Sexton (1928-74), Word for Dr. Y: Uncollected Poems with Three Stories (post.). Ntozake Shange (1948-), Nappy Edges. Philip Schultz (1945-), Like Wings. Charles Simic (1938-), School for Dark Thoughts. Louis Sissman (1928-76), Hello Darkness: Collected Poems (posth.). Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), The Orangery. Gary Soto (1952-), The Tale of Sunlight. George Starbuck (1931-96), Desperate Measures. May Swenson (1913-89), New and Selected Things Taking Place. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), The Honeymoon Voyage (debut). David Wagoner (1926-), Who Shall Be the Sun? Diane Wakoski (1937-), The Man Who Shook Hands. Robert Penn Warren (1905-89), Now and Then: Poems 1976-1978 (Pulitzer Prize); his 2nd for poetry (1957). Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), 80 Flowers. Novels: Alice Adams (1926-99), Listening to Billie (Dec. 11); a woman is haunted by hearing Billie Holiday sing. Brian W. Aldiss (1925-), A Rude Awakening; #3 in the Horace Stubbs Saga. Martin Amis (1949-), Success; foster brothers Gregory (upper-class) and Terry (lower-class). Robert Woodruff Anderson (1917-), Getting Up and Going Home. Aharon Appelfeld (1932-), Badenheim 1939 (first novel); The Age of Wonders. Louis Auchincloss (1917-), The Country Cousin (July 31); Old Dolly and Young Amy live in sin with Cousin Herman in Greenwich Village. Beryl Bainbridge (1934-), Young Adolf (Dec. 31); sponger Adolf Hitler turns up in Liverpool to live with his brother Alois and sister-in-law Bridget. Judi Barrett (1941-), Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs (Sept. 14); illustrated by hubby Ron Barrett; the town of Chewandswallow, where it rains food; filmed in 2009. Barrington J. Bayley (1937-2008), Star Winds; about humans who travel through space using solar sails. Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Ja (Yes); Der Stimmenimitator (The Voice Imitator). Maeve Binchy (1940-), Central Line: Stories of Big City Life (short stories). Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Les Nuits de l'Underground (Nights in the Underground). William Peter Blatty (1928-), The Ninth Configuration; rework of the 1966 novel "Twinkle, Twinkle, 'Killer' Kane!"; filmed in 1980. Robert Bloch (1917-94), Out of the Mouths of Graves (short stories). Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), Une Ville Grise (A Gray City). Brigid Brophy (1929-95), Palace Without Chairs: A Baroque Novel. Anthony Burgess (1917-93), 1985; Bev Jones. Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Survivor. A.S. Byatt (1936-), The Virgin in the Garden; British bluestocking Frederica in Yorkshire. Taylor Caldwell (1900-85), Bright Flows the River; a rags-to-riches man tries to kill himself in his car. Alejo Carpentier (1904-80), La Consagracion de la Primavera (The Consecration of Spring); El Arpa y la Sombra (The Harp and the Shadow); about Christopher Columbus. James Carroll (1943-), Mortal Friends (Feb. 28); 1920s Irish revolutionary Colman Brady becomes a Boston mobster and takes on the Kennedys and mayor James Michael Curley. David Caute (1936-), The Baby-Sitters (The Hour Before Midnight). Paddy Chayefsky (1923-81), Altered States (May) (first and only novel); based on the sensory deprivation research of John C. Lilly under the influence of LSD and ketamine; filmed in 1980. John Cheever (1912-82), The Stories of John Cheever (short stories) (Pulitzer Prize). Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (1940-), To the Icebergs; Mondo and Other Stories; The Stranger on the Earth. Laurie Colwin (1944-92), Happy All the Time; a "Manhattan pastoral" about two upper-class New York kissing cousins. Richard Condon (1915-96), Death of a Politician. Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Cinder Path; Charlie McFell. Donald Creighton (1902-79), Takeover; noted pro-British anti-American Canadian historian portrays a U.S. takeover of Canada. A.J. Cronin (1896-1981), Gracie Lindsay; Doctor Finlay of Tannochbrae. E.V. Cunningham (Howard Fast) (1914-2003), The Case of the Russian Diplomat; Masao Masuto #3. Clive Cussler (1931-), Vixen 03; Dirk Pitt #4. Lionel Davidson (1922-2009), The Chelsea Murders; filmed for TV in 1981 by Derek Bennett. Don DeLillo (1936-), Running Dog. Lawrence Durrell (1912-90), Livia, or Buried Alive; Avignon Quintet #2. Allan W. Eckert (1931-), The Wilderness War, a Narrative (Sept. 30); Chief Joseph Brant. George Alec Effinger (1947-2002), Dirty Tricks (short stories). Harlan Ellison (1934-), Strange Wine (short stories). Per Olov Enquist (1934-), The March of the Musicians (Musikanternas Uttag). James T. Farrell (1904-79), The Death of Nora Ryan (May). Howard Fast (1914-2003), Second Generation (Sept. 30); Dan Lavette from the Depression to the end of WWII. Jonathan Fast (1948-), Mortal Gods. Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000), The Bookshop; Florence Green of Sussex fights Violet Gamart, who wants her shop for an arts center. Ken Follett (1949-), Eye of the Needle (Storm Island); spy thriller about WWII Operation Fortitude; first of a string of bestsellers; filmed in 1981 by Richard Marquand; Capricorn One (as Bernard L. Ross); NASA stages a fake manned Mars flight, then decides to kill the astronauts when they threaten to talk. Shelby Foote (1916-2005), September, September. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), The Night Lords (Henri Castang #4). Carlos Fuentes (1928-2012), La Cabeza de la Hidra (The Hydra Head). Ernest J. Gaines (1933-), In My Father's House; a black minister's son returns to kill him in revenge for wronging his mother. Fred Gipson (1908-73), Little Arliss (posth.); sequel to "Old Yeller" (1956) and "Savage Sam" (1962). Gail Godwin (1937-), Violet Clay; an artist wrestles with her vocation. Paul Goodman (1911-72), The Collected Stories (4 vols.) (1978-80) (posth.); ed. by Taylor Stoehr. Joe Gores (1931-), Gone, No Forwarding. Mary Catherine Gordon (1949-), Final Payments (first novel) (Mar. 11); 30-y.-o. Roman Catholic Isabel leaves home after spending 11 years caring for her invalid father, and gets hooked up with a loser until she makes her you know what to her past. Lois Gould (1932-2002), La Presidenta. Patrick Grainville (1947-), La Diane Rousse; a blind man has a mystical erotic vision. Graham Greene (1904-91), The Human Factor; aging white MI6 bureaucrat Maurice Castle marries a black South African woman, frames his young colleague Davis for a leak, and helps the Communists in order to help her - I can no more disown her than I can disown the black community? Winston Groom (1941-), Better Times Than These (first novel); Billy Kahn of Bravo Co. in Vietnam. Elgin Groseclose (1899-1983), The Kiowa. Davis Grubb (1919-80), The Siege of 318: Thirteen Mystical Stories (short stories). Elizabeth Forsythe Hailey (1938-), A Woman of Independent Means (first novel); bestseller about Bess, told by correspondence; filmed as a 6-hour 1995 NBC-TV miniseries starring Sally Field. Barry Hannah (1942-), Airships (short stories); first pub. in Esquire Mag. Tony Hillerman (1925-2008), Listening Woman. Rolf Hocchhuth (1931-), A Love in Germany; an affair between a Polish POW and a German woman in WWII, causing the resignation of Hans Karl Filbinger (1913-2007), pres. of Baden-Wurttenberg. John Irving (1942-), The World According to Garp; bestseller (3M copies); nurse Jenny Fields rapes mental vegetable T. Sgt. Garp and names her son T.S. Garp, then pub. the bestselling autobio. "A Sexual Suspect", and is murdered by a mad reader; filmed in 1982 starring Robin Williams as T.S. Garp, Glenn Close as Jenny Fields, and John Lithgow as transsexual ex-football player Roberta Muldoon. Susan Isaacs (1943-), Compromising Positions (first novel); bestseller; filmed in 1985 starring Susan Sarandon. Pamela Hansford Johnson (1912-81), The Good Husband. James Jones (1921-77), Whistle (posth.); completed by Willie Morris; completes his war trilogy of "From Here to Eternity" (1951) and "The Thin Red Line" (1962), containing "just about everything I have ever had to say, or will ever have to say, on the human condition of war"; four wounded South Pacific vets in a veterans hospital in Luxor,, Tenn., incl. Mart Winch, Bobby Prell, Marion Landers, and Johnny Strange (same as Welsh, Witt, Fife and Storm in the Thin Red Line). Ward Just (1935-), A Family Trust (Feb. 28); town patriarch Amos Rising dies, leaving the town without a head. Ismail Kadare (1936-), Broken April; blood feuds in 1920s highland Albania; The Three-Arched Bridge; an Albanian monk in 1377. Mary Margaret Kaye (1908-2004), The Far Pavilions (Sept. 13); NYT bestseller about English boy Ashton AKA Ashok, who is raised in the Himalayan foothills and lives through the 1857 Sepoy Revolt. Thomas Keneally (1935-), Victim of the Aurora (Feb. 28). William Joseph Kennedy (1928-), Billy Phelan's Greatest Game (Apr. 20); small-time bookie becomes the go-between in the 1938 kidnapping of the son of an Albany, N.Y. political boss. Stephen King (1947-), The Stand; based on his short story "Night Surf"; the total breakdown of society through violence after the human-made superflu virus Project Blue AKA Captain Trips gets loose. Dick King-Smith (1922-), The Fox Busters (first novel). John Knowles (1926-2001), A Vein of Riches; capitalism corrupts early 20th cent. W. Va. Judith Krantz (1928-), Scruples (first novel); fashion ed. of "Good Housekeeping" goes into bestselling fiction after taking flying lessons, with a formula of sex, money, beauty, and power. Pascal Laine (1942-), Si on Partait (If One Starts); Tendres Cousines; teenie cousins Julien and Julia in love; filmed in 1980. Emma Lathen, Double, Double, Oil and Trouble; John Putnam Thatcher #17. Camara Laye (1928-80), The Guardian of the Word (Le Maitre de la Parole) (last novel); about 13th cent. Mali Empire founder Sunjata (Sundiata Keita). Siegfried Lenz (1926-), Heimatmuseum (Heritage Museum); Zygmunt Rogalla sets fire to the Masurian Museum. Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), The Switch; Ordell Robbie and Louis Garza get out of prison and plan a kidnapping of the wife of a wealthy Detroit businessman, only to find out he doesn't want her back, pissing her off and causing her to work with them for revenge. Meyer Levin (1905-81), The Harvest; Jewish Palestinian settlers; hailed as a Jewish "War and Peace". Penelope Lively (1933-), Nothing Missing but the Samovar and Other Stories. Robert Ludlum (1927-2001), The Holcroft Covenant; Nazis plan to start a Fourth Reich. Gregory Maguire (1954-), The Lightning Time (Aug. 1) (first novel) (children's novel); a New York City youth discovers life in the Adirondacks. Armistead Maupin Jr. (1944-), Tales of the City; first in a series of seven novels set in gay San Fran. (last 2007); Michael "Mouse" Tolliver. Helen MacInnes (1907-85), Prelude to Terror. Alistair MacLean (1922-87), Goodbye California (June); a nuclear scientist nukes Calif. to set off a monster earthquake. Richard Matheson (1926-2013), What Dreams May Come; Chris dies and goes to Heaven before descending to Hell to rescue his wife; filmed in 1998 starring Robin Williams. Colleen McCullough (1937-), The Thorn Birds. Gregory Mcdonald (1937-2008), Fletch's Fortune; Love Among the Mashed Potatoes (Dear M.E.); Who Took Toby Rinaldi? (Snatched); 8-y.-o. whiz kid. Ian McEwan (1948-), The Cement Garden. Thomas McGuane (1939-), Panama; semi-autobio. novel about rock star Chet Pomery and his babe Catherine and how they go down the toilet a la Jim Morrison. Larry McMurtry (1936-), Somebody's Darling. D'Arcy McNickle (1904-77), Wind from an Enemy Sky (posth.); the fictional Little Elk People try to stop the building of a dam to get a sacred medicine bundle back, and the dreams of Two Sleeps end up coming tragically true. Shepherd Mead (1914-94), How to Succeed at Tennis Without Really Trying: The Easy Tennismanship Way to Do All the Things No Tennis Pro Can Teach You (Apr. 4). Jacques Mesrine (1936-79), L'Instinct de Mort (Killer Instinct); by France's public enemy #1 and French John Dillinger; filmed in 2008. James A. Michener (1907-97), Chesapeake; the Roman Catholic Steeds vs. the Quaker Paxmores. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), Two Brothers. Patrick Modiano (1945-), Missing Person (Rue des Boutiques Obscures) (The Street of Dark Shops); set on the Via delle Botteghe Oscure in Rome, where Modiano once lived, about amnesiac detective Guy Roland. Sir John Mortimer (1923-2009), The Trials of Rumpole (Dec. 31); London barrister Horace Rumpole; becomes a BBC-TV series in 1975-92 starring Leon McKern. Alice Munro (1931-), Who Do You Think You Are? (short stories). Iris Murdoch (1919-99), The Sea, The Sea; retired stage dir. Charles Arrowby starts to write his memoirs, meets his old lover, and is overcome by jealousy. John Treadwell Nichols (1940-), The Magic Journey; Dale Rodey McQueen and April Delaney in Chamisaville; New Mexico Trilogy #2. Ruth Nichols (1948-), The Left-Handed Spirit (Aug.); ancient Roman healer Mariana goes to China with ambassador Lin Pao-jan AKA Paulus, and they fall in love. David Nobbs (1935-), The Better World of Reginald Perrin; Reginald Perrin #3. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Son of the Morning (Aug. 11); Nathan Vickery starts out like Christ then falls like Lucifer. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), Desolation Island; Aubrey-Maturin #5. Edna O'Brien (1930-), Mrs. Reinhardt and Other Stories (May 17). Tim O'Brien (1946-), Going After Cacciato; Vietnam War vet chases imaginary deserter Cacciato. Simon J. Ortiz (1941-), Howbah Indians (short stories). Edith Pargeter (1913-95), Rainbow's End; last George Felse novel. Robert Brown Parker (1932-2010), The Judas Goat (July 31); Spenser #5; Wilderness (Dec. 31). Georges Perec (1936-82), Life: A User's Manual (La Vie Mode d'Emploi) (Prix Medicis); about the inhabitants of Paris apartment block 11 Rue Simon-Crubellier in the 17th arrondissement; his biggest hit, allowing him to go full-time; English trans. pub. in 1987. Roger Peyrefitte (1907-2000), L'Enfant de Coeur; more on his love with 12-y.-o. Alain Philippe Malagnac (1950-). Jayne Anne Phillips (1952-), Counting (short stories). William Luther Pierce III (1933-2002), The Turner Diaries; pub. under alias Andrew MacDonald; Am. white supremacist hit about a violent rev. in the U.S. to exterminate all Jews and non-whites, leaving a clean white pop. of 50M; inspiration for the 1995 Okla. City Bombing of Timothy McVeigh, after which Pierce utters the soundbyte "Someone may have read the book", but later claims he doesn't approve of it; the FBI calls it the most dangerous book in America, making it more popular? Marge Piercy (1936-), The High Cost of Living; Leslie, Honor, and Bernie. David Plante (1940-), The Family; Francoeur Family Trilogy #1 (1981, 1982). Jean Raspail (1925-), The Redskins Today. Richard Price (1949-), Ladies' Man. V.S. Pritchett (1900-97), Selected Stories. James Purdy (1914-2009), Narrow Rooms (Feb. 28); a group of young gay men in W. Va. go down the toilet because of their unfufilled desires for each other; Lessons and Complaints. Mario Puzo (1920-99), Fools Die; a bigtime gambler. Ishmael Reed (1938-), Secretary to the Spirits (Sept. 30). Mary Renault (1905-83), The Praise Singer; 5th cent. B.C.E. Simonides of Ceos, Pythagoras, Anacreon et al. Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008), Souvenirs du Triangle d'Or (Recollections from the Golden Triangle). Joanna Russ (1937-2011), The Two of Them. Nawal El Saadawi (1931-), The Circling Song. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Tangent Factor (Apr. 16). Jesus Fernandez Santos (1926-88), Extramuros; filmed in 1985. Jose Saramago (1922-2010), Objecto Quase (Quasi-Objects). Hubert Selby Jr. (1928-2004), Requiem for a Dream; young hoods Harry and Tyrone fantasize about scoring a pound of heroin and getting rich; filmed in 2000 starring Ellen Burstyn. Robert Cedric Sherriff (1896-1975), The Siege of Swayne Castle. Alix Kates Shulman (1932-), Burning Questions. Anne Rivers Siddons (1936-), The House Next Door; bestselling horror novel, admired by Stephen King; Colquitt Kennedy and her husband Walter live next door to a haunted house; filmed in 2006. Alan Sillitoe (1928-2010), The Incredible Fencing Fleas. Clifford D. Simak (1904-88), The Fellowship of the Talisman; about a parallel Earth where a young men must get past the Harriers of the Horde to deliver Jesus' teachings to London; Mastodonia (Catface); about a cat-faced alien stranded in Wisc. who helps locals start a tourism co. for big game hunters in prehistoric epochs, and they want to found the country of you know what. Georges Simenon (1903-89), The Girl with a Squint (Jan. 1); from the Belgian writer who confesses to a need to have sex three times a day and pays 8K hos for it. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), Shosha; Polish journalist Aaron Greidinger marries a quiet backward woman in Warsaw on the eve of the Holocaust. Susan Sontag (1933-2004), I, Etcetera (short stories) (Sept. 30). Norman Spinrad (1940-), Riding the Torch (Aug. 1); the Probability Engine and multiple universes. Danielle Steel (1947-), Now and Forever; a woman's perfect writer hubby is taken away to jail; The Promise (Mar. 31); her first bestseller; architect Michael Hillyard and artist Nancy McAllister get separated before their wedding, and are later reunited by fate; launches her winning formula of romantic complications among the rich and famous. Mark Strand (1934-), Elegy for My Father Robert Strand, 1908-68; The Late Hour. Whitley Strieber (1945-), The Wolfen (first novel) (July 31); highly intelligent wolfmen in the inner city prey on the weak and homeless, avoiding detection until two young wolfen make the mistake of killing two detectives. Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky (1925-91) Boris Natanovich Strugatsky (1933-2012), Noon: 22nd Century; written in 1961-7; first English trans. Ronald Sukenick (1932-2004), Long Talking, Bad Conditions, Blues. Rose Tremain (1943-), Letter to Sister Benedicta; 50-something Ruby Constad loses her hubby Leon to a stroke and writes a childhood friend from India. John Updike (1932-2009), The Coup. Gore Vidal (1925-2012), Kalki (Mar. 11); bisexual Southern Calif. aviatrix Teddy Ottinger and the Vietnam War vet leader of a Kathmandu-based religious cult who claims he's the god Kalki and is going to end the human race on Apr. 3. Martin Walser (1927-), Runaway Horse. Fay Weldon (1931-), Praxis; Praxis Duveen. William Wharton (1925-2008), Birdy (first novel) (Dec. 12); bestseller about a war victim who aspires to be a bird; filmed in 1984. Edmund White (1940-), Nocturnes from the King of Naples; a gay love. Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), The Volunteers. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), Unguarded Hours. Herman Wouk (1915-), War and Remembrance; sequel to "The Winds of War" (1971), continuing the story of the cardboard cutout Henry and Jastrow families from Dec. 15-Aug. 6, 1945. Richard Yates (1926-92), A Good School; Conn. prep school boys prepare to go to WWII. Births: Am. country musician Chris David Hartman (Emerson Drive) on Jan. 2. Ethiopian "Waris Dirie in Desert Flower" 5'10" model-actress (black) (first Estee Lauder model of color) Liya Kebede on Jan. 3 in Addis Ababa. Am. "American Idol" singer Kimberley Dawne Locke on Jan. 3 in Hartsville, Tenn.; black father, white mother. Am. "Cadence Flaherty in American Wedding", "Betty Draper Francis in Mad Men", "Melissa Shart in The Last Man on Earth", "Emma Frost in X-Men: First Class" actress January Kristen Jones on Jan. 5 in Hecla, S.D.; named after January Wayne in Jacqueline Susann's novel "Once Is Not Enough'. Am. 6'1" football WR (black) (Cincinnati Bengals #85, 2001-) Chad Javon Johnson Ochocino on Jan. 9 in Miami, Fla.; educated at Oregon State U. Am. "Don Flack in CSI: NY" actor Edmund P. "Eddie" Cahill on Jan. 15 in New York City. Am. Dem. White House press secy. #34 (2021-) Jennifer Rene "Jen" Psaki on Jan. 20 in Stamford, Conn.; of Irish and Polish descent; educated at the College of William & Mary. Am. R&B singer (black) Issa Kuren Edwards Pointer (Pointer Sisters) on Jan. 22 in Calif.; daughter of Ruth Pointer (1946-). Am. "Beer on the Table" country singer Josh Thompson on Jan. 23 in Cedarburg, Wisc. Am. "Hazel Wassername in 30 Rock", "Carol in The Last Man on Earth" actress-comedian-writer Kristen Joy Schaal on Jan. 24 in Longmont, Colo.; of Dutch and German descent; educated at Northwestern U.; wife of Rich Blomquist. South African princess of Monaco (2011-) and swimmer Charlene Lynette Wittstock on Jan. 25 in Bulawayo, Rhodesia; wife (2011-) of Albert II (1958-). Ukrainian pres. #6 (2019-) Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelensky (Zelenskyy) on Jan. 25 in Kryvi Rih; educated at Kyiv Nat. Economic U. Am. "Jeopardy!" game show champ Bradford Gates "Brad" Rutter on Jan. 31 in Lancaster, Penn.; educated at Johns Hopkins U. Somalian-Canadian singer (black) (Sunni Muslim) K'naan (Keinan Abdi Warsame) on Feb. 1 in Mogadishu; emigrates to Canada at age 13. British-Lebanese atty.-activist (Sunni Muslim) Amal (Arab. "hope") Alamuddin on Feb. 3 in Beirut; Druze father, Sunni Muslim mother; educated at St. Hugh's College, Oxford U.; wife (2014-) of George Clooney (1961-). Am. "Michael Kelson in That 70's Show" actor-producer Christopher Ashton Kutcher on Feb. 7 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa; twin brother Michael Kutcher has mild cerebral palsy and receives a heart transplant at age 13; studies biochem. at the U. of Iowa; husband (2005-13) of Demi Moore (1962-) and (2015-) Mila Kunis (1983-). Russian "Biellmann Spin" ice skater Irina Eduarovna Slutskaya on Feb. 9 in Moscow; Jewish father - a what on skis? Am. 6'7" basetball player (black) Richard Clay "Rip" Hamilton on Feb. 14 in Coatesville, Penn.; educated at the U. of Conn. Am. "Once My Shit (Always My Shit") R&B singer (black) Sam Salter on Feb. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. rapper (black) Immortal Technique (Felipe Andres Coronel) on Feb. 19 in Lima, Peru; raised in Harlem, N.Y.; of Afro-Peruvian descent. Am. "Eric Brady in Days of Our Lives" actor Jensen Ross Ackles on Mar. 1 in Dallas, Tex. Am. "Joe on Blue's Clues" TV host Donovan Patton on Mar. 1 in Guam; son of a USAF officer; cousin of Gen. George S. Patton. Am. "2 Fast 2 Furious" actress Eva Mendes on Mar. 5 in Miami, Fla.; Cuban-Am. parents. Am. "Baywatch" actress Brooke Elizabeth Burns on Mar. 16 in Dallas, Tex. Am. rapper-actor-model (white) Kevin Earl Federline on Mar. 21 in Fresno, Calif.; husband (2004-7) of Britney Spears (1981-); father of Sean Preston Federline (2005-). Am. white supremacist Benjamin Nathaniel Smith (d. 1999) on Mar. 22 in Wilmette, Ill.; educated at the U. of Ill., and Indiana U. Am. TV personality and blogger (gay) Perez Hilton (Mario Armando Lavandeira Jr.) on Mar. 23 in Miami, Fla.; Cuban immigrant parents; educated at NYU. Am. "Maggie Sheffield in The Nanny" actress Nicholle Tom on Mar. 23 in Hinsdale, Ill.; sister of Heather Tom (1975-). Am. "How the Other Half Banks" writer Mehrsa Baradaran on Apr. 3 in Orumieh, Iran; emigrates to the U.S. in 1986; educated at Brigham Young U., and NYU. Am. 6'8" basketball guard-forward (black) Stephen Jesse Jackson on Apr. 5 in Port Arthur, Tex. Canadian "S1m0ne" model-actress Rachel Roberts on Apr. 8 in Vancouver, B.C. Am. musician and "The Umbrella Academy" comic book writer Gerard Arthur Way (My Chemical Romance) on Apr. 9 in Summit, N.J. Am. "Never Wanted Nothing More" country singer-songwriter Chris Stapleton on Apr. 15 in Lexington, Ky.; grows up in Paintsville, Ky. Australian "Olivia Dunham in Fringe" actress Anna Torv on Apr. 15 in Melbourne; wife (2008-10) of Mark Valley (1964-). Am. playwright John Buffalo Mailer on Apr. 16 in Long Branch, N.J.; youngest son of Norman Mailer and 6th wife Barbara Davis; educated at Wesleyan U. Am. "Theresa Lopez-Fitzgerald Crane in Passions" actress-singer Lindsay Nicole Hartley (Korman) on Apr. 17 in Palm Springs, Calif. Am. "Daniel Desario in Freaks and Geeks", "James Dean", "New Goblin Harry Osborn in Spider-Man 3" actor (Jewish) James Edward Franco on Apr. 19 in Palo Alto, Calif.; Portuguese-Swedish descent father, Russian Jewish descent mother; educated at Stanford U. Am. 6'11" basketball power forward/center (black) (San Antonio Spurs #21, 1997-2016) Timothy Theodore "Tim" Duncan on Apr. 25 in Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands. Afghan Muslim secularist politician ("bravest woman in Afghanistan") Malalal Joya on Apr. 25. Canadian "Kate Beckett in Castle", "Corinne Veneau in Quantum of Solace" actress Stana Jacqueline Katic on Apr. 26 in Hamilton, Ont.; Serbian father, Croatian mother. Am. "Harvey Kinkle in Sabrina the Teenage Witch" actor Nathaniel Eric "Nate" Richert on Apr. 28 in St. Paul, Minn. Canadian 6'4" "Property Brothers" TV host Jonathan Silver (nee Ian) Scott on Apr. 28 in Vancouver, B.C.; educated at Southern Alberta Inst. of Tech.; twin brother of Andrew Alfred "Drew" Scott, educated at the U. of Calgary. Chinese astronaut (2nd Chinese female in space) Capt. Wang Yaping on Apr. ? (Jan. 1980?) in Yantai, Shandong. Am. "Simon in Lord of the Flies", "State Trooper Barrigan in The Departed" actor James Badge (Badgett) Dale on May 1 in New York City; son of Grover Dale (1935-) and Anita Morris (1943-94); educated at Manhattanville College. Am. 5'10" sportscaster Erin Jill Andrews on May 4 in Lewiston, Maine; educasted at the U. of Fla. Am. football linebacker (black) (Pittsburgh Steelers #92, 2002-) James "Silverback" Harrison Jr. on May 4 in Akron, Ohio; educated at Kent State U. Am. basketball forward (black) (Phoenix Suns #31, 1999-2008) Shawn Dwayne "the Matrix" Marion on May 7 in Waukegan, Ill.; educated at UNLV. UAE 9/11 hijacker Marwan Yousef Mohamed Rashid Lekrab al-Shehhi (d. 2001) on May 9 in Ras al-Khaimah. Am. "D2: The Mighty Ducks" actor-comedian Kenan Thompson on May 10 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. "Jim Levenstein in American Pie" actor Jason Matthew Biggs on May 12 in Pompton Plains, N.J. Am. "The Insider" co-host Brooke Victoria Anderson on May 13 in Savannah, Ga. Am. 6'2" baseball pitcher (lefty) (Oakland Athletics, 2000-6) (San Francisco Giants, 2007-13)Barry William Zito on May 13 in Las Vegas, Nev.; educated at UCB, Los Angeles Pierce College, and USC. Am. rock musician Henry Garza (Los Lonely Boys) on May 14 in Tex. Am. "Prof. Charlie Eppes in Numb3rs" actor (Jewish) David Krumholtz on May 15 in Queens, N.Y.; Polish Jewish descen father, Hungarian Jewish immigrant mother. Am. rock musician-producer Joshua Michael "Josh" Homme (Queens of the Stone Age) on May 17 in Joshua Tree, Calif. Am. "The Real Housewives of Atlanta" singer Kimberleigh M. "Kim" Zolciak on May 19 in Pensacola, Fla.; grows up in Conn. Am. "Diane Snyder in Ed", "Margene Heffman in Big Love" actress (Jewish) (vegan) Ginnifer (Jennifer) Goodwin on May 22 in Memphis, Tenn. Am. rock drummer Scott William Raynor Jr. (Blink-182) on May 23 in Calif. Am. 6'4" football hall-of-fame linebacker (Chicago Bears #54, 2000-12) Brian Keith Urlacher on May 25 in Pasco, Wash.; educated at U. of N.M. Am. "Brian Tanner in ALF" actor Benji Gregory (Benjamin Gregory Hertzberg) on May 26 in Panorama City (Encino?), Calif. ;Am. "Nick Miller in New Girl" actor-comedian Jake Johnson (Mark Jake Johnson Weinberger) on May 28 in Evanston, Ill.; Jewish father, Roman Catholic mother; educated at the U. of Iowa. Am. "Las Vegas" actress Nikki (Nicole Avery) Cox on June 2 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Dr. Ray Barnett in ER" actor-singer Shane West (Shannon Bruce Snaith) (The Germs, Jonny Was) on June 10 in Baton Rouge, La. Am. 5'6" "Oswald Cobblepot in Gotham" actor (Presbyterian) Robin Lord Taylor on June 4 in Shueyville, Iowa; educated at Northwestern U. Am. "E! News", "Extra", "Today, Access Hollywood" TV presenter Maria Menounos on June 8 in Medford, Mass.; Greek immigrant parents; educated at Emerson College. Canadian "Charlie Conway in The Mighty Ducks", "Pacy Witter in Dawson's Creek", "Peter Bishop in Fringe" actor Joshua Carter Jackson on June 11 Vancouver, B.C. Am. "Waitin' in the Country" country singer Jason Michael Carroll on June 13 in Houston, Tex.; conservative Christian minister father. Am. "Declan Giggs in Brotherhood" actor Ethan Embry (Ethan Philan Randall) on June 13 in Huntington Beach, Calif. Am. rock musician Andy Gerold (Marilyn Manson) on June 13 in Sandusky, Ohio. Am. "Juno", "Pussy Ranch" writer Diablo Cody (Brook Busey) on June 14 in Chicago, Ill.; names herself after Cody, Wyo. Am. TV journalist (Jewish) Bianna Golodryga on June 15 in Moldova; emigrates to the U.S. in 1980; educated at UTA; wife (2010-) of Peter Orszag (1968-). German "Good Bye, Lenin!", "Niki Lauda in Rush", "Frederick Zoller in Inglourious Basterds" actor Daniel Cesar Martin Bruhl (Daniel César Martín BrühlGonzález ) on June 16 in Barcelona, Spain. French "The Incredible Hulk", "Clash of the Titans", "Transporter 2" dir. Louis Leterrier on June 17 in Paris; sohn of Francois Leterrier (1929-). English model-actress Emma Heming on June 18 in Malta; English father, Guyanese mother; grows up in London; wife (2009-) of Bruce Willis (1955-). German 7'0" basketball power forward player (Dallas Mavericks #41, 1998-) Dirk Werner Nowitzki on June 19 in Wurzburg. Am. football cornerback (black) (Washington Redskins, 1999-2003) (Denver Broncos #24, 2004-) Roland "Champ" Bailey on June 22 in Folkston, Ga.; brother of Rodney "Boss" Bailey (1979-); educated at the U. of Ga. English auto racer Daniel Clive "Dan" Wheldon (d. 2011) on June 22 in Emberton, Buckinghamshire. Am. rapper (black) Memphis Bleek (Malik Thuston Cox) on June 23 in Marcy Houses, Brooklyn, N.Y. Finnish musician Erno "Emppu" Matti Juhani Vuorinen (Nightwish) on June 24 in Kitee. Am. rock bassist Sam Farrar (Phantom Planet) on June 29; son of John Farrar (1946-) and Pat Carroll (1946-). Am. country musician Todd Sansom (Marshall Dyllon) on June 29. Am. singer (black) (Roman Catholic) Nicole Prescovia Elikolani Valiente Scherzinger (Pussycat Dolls) on June 29 in Honolulu, Hawaii; Filipino descent father, Hawaiian-Ukrainian descent mother; grows up in Louisville, Ky. Am. singer-songwriter (black) Nicole Prescovia Elikolani Valiente Scherzinger (Pussycat Dolls) on June 29 in Honolulu, Hawaii; Filipino father, Hawaiian-Russian mother. Am. "Sister, Sister" identical twin actresses Tia Dashon Mowry and Tamera Darvette Mowry on July 6 in Gelnhausen, Germany; Italian-Am. father, African-Am. mother. Am. "Watters' World" conservative political commentator Jesse Watters on July 9 in Philadelphia, Penn.; educated at trinity College. Am. "Eric Forman in That '70s Show" actor Christopher John "Topher" Grace on July 12 in New York City. Am. "Leticia Letty Ortiz in Fast and Furious", "Ana Lucia Cortez in Lost" actress Mayte Michelle Rodriguez on July 12 in Bexar County, Tex.; Puerto Rican father, Dominican mother; brought up as a Jehovah's Witness. English rock musician Will Champion (Coldplay) on July 13. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Wail Mohammed al-Shehri (d. 2011) on July 31 in Asir. Am. rock drummer Anthony Edward "Tony" Fagenson (Eve 6) on July 18; educated at USC. Swedish DJ-producer (in U.K.) Eric Sheridan Prydz (AKA Pryda) on July 19 in Stockholm. Am. "Dick Tracy Jr." child actor Charles Randolph "Charlie" Korsmo on July 20 in Fargo, N.D.; physics degree from M.I.T. Am. "Riley Poole in National Treasure" actor Justin Lee Bartha on July 21 in Fort Lauderdale, Fla.; grows up in West Bloomfield, Mich.; educated at NYU. Am. "Eversmann in Black Hawk Down" actor Joshua Daniel "Josh" Hartnett on July 21 in Minn. Japanese Olympic swimmer Kyoko Iwasaki on July 21 in Numazu, Shizuoka. English world's first test-tube baby Louise Joy Brown on July 25 in Oldham. Korean-Am. "Hoshi Sato in Star Trek: Enterprise" actress Linda Park on July 29 in South Korea; grows up in San Jose, Calif.; educated at Boston U. English 6'4" "auo racer Justin Boyd Wilson (d. 2015) on July 31 in Sheffield, South Yorkshire; tallest Formula One racer (until ?). Am. 5'11" auto racer Kurt Thomas Busch on Aug. 4 in Las Vegas, Nev.; brother of Kyle Busch (1985-). French "The Hills Have Eyes", "Piranha 3D", "Horns" dir. (Jewish) Alexandre Aja (Jouan-Arcady) on Aug. 7 in Paris; eldest son of Alexandre Arcady (1947-) and Marie-Jo Jouan. French "Amelie", "Sophie Neveu in Da Vinci Code" actress Audrey Tautou (pr. "toe-TOO") on Aug. 9 in Beaumont, Puy-de-Dome, Auvergne. Am. 6'3" beach volleyball player ("Six Feet of Sunshine") Kerri Lee Walsh Jennings on Aug. 15 in Santa Clara, Calif. Am. YouTube co-founder Steve Shih Chen on Aug. 18 in Taipei, Taiwan; emigrates to the U.S. in 1993; educated at the U. of Ill. Am. "Det. Jake Peralta in Brooklyn Nine-Nine" actor-comedian-musician (Jewish) Andrew "Andy" Samberg on Aug. 18 in Berkeley, Calif.; educated at UC Santa Cruz, and NYU. Am. "voice of Jar Jar Binks in Star Wars" actor Ahmed Best on Aug. 19 in New York City. Am. "Girl (Maladjusted)" novelist (Jewish) Molly Jong-Fast on Aug. 19 in New York City; daughter of Erica Jong (1942-) and Jonathan Fast (1948-). Canadian "Welcome to My Life", "Shut Up" punk guitarist Jean-Francois "Jeff" Stinco (Simple Plan) on Aug. 22 in Montreal, Quebec. Am. 6'6" basketball player (black) (Los Angeles Lakers #8, 1996-) Kobe Bean "Black Mamba" "KB24" Bryant (d. 2020)on Aug. 23 in Philadelphia, Penn.; son of NBA 76ers forward Joe "Jelly Bean" Bryant (1954-); named after the Japanese beef. Am. rock singer Julian Fernando Casablancas (The Strokes) on Aug. 23; son of John Casablancas (1942-) and Jeanette Christiansen (Miss Denmark 1965). Am. "Inside Out" rock singer-musician James Maxwell Stuart "Max" Collins III (Eve 6) on Aug. 28. Am. baseball pitcher (lefty) (Cleveland Indians, 2002-9, Phiadelphia Phillies, 2009-) Clifton Phifer "Cliff" Lee on Aug. 30 in Benton, Ark. Am. R&B singer (black) (American Idol #2 winner) Christopher Theodore Ruben Studdard on Sept. 12 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Am. "Kyle Valenti in Rosell" actor Nick Wechsler on Sept. 3 in Albuquerque, N.M. Canadian "Alex Browning in Final Destination" actor Devon Edward Sawa on Sept. 7 in Vancouver, B.C.; Polish mother; Am. "Peter in Sleepover" actor Ryan Paul Slattery on Sept. 11 in Ventura, Calif. Am. "Ryan Atwood in The O.C.", "James Gordon in Gotham" actor Benjamin "Ben" McKenzie Schenkkan on Sept. 12 in Austin, Tex.; educated at the U. of Va. Am. rock musician Zachary Douglas "Zach" Filkins (OneRepublic) on Sept. 15 in Colo. Springs, Colo. Am. "Kryptonite" rock singer Bradley Kirk "Brad" Arnold (3 Doors Down) on Sept. 27 in Escatawpa, Miss. Canadian "Nathan Wuornos in Haven" actor Lucas Bryant on Sept. 28 in Elmira, Ont. English fashion model Alex Dallas Leigh on Oct. 2 in Manchester. Am. "Lady Jocelyn in A Knight's Tale" actress-musician-dancer Shannyn Sossamon (Shannon Marie Kahoolani Sossamon) on Oct. 3 in Honolulu, Hawaii; French, Dutch, German, Irish, Hawaiian, and Filipino descent. Canadian Uber co-founder Garrett M. Camp on Oct. 4 in Calgary, Alberta; educated at the U. of Calgary. Am. "Fievel Mousekewitz in An American Tail" actor Philip Glasser on Oct. 4 in Tarzana, Calif. Am. musician James Burgon Valentine (Maroon 5) on Oct. 5 in Lincoln, Neb. Chinese astronaut (first Chinese woman in space) Liu Yang on Oct. 6 in Zhengzhou, Henan. Am. folk-R&B musician (white) Nathaniel David Rateliff on Oct. 7 in Germany; grows up in Hermann, Mo. Am. "Sean Richards in Sunset Beach" actor (Jewish) Randall Gene "Randy" Spelling on Oct. 9 in Los Angeles, Calif.; son of Aaron Spelling (1923-2006) and Candy Spelling (1945-); brother of Tori Spelling (1973-); famous for deflowering Paris Hilton. Am. "Cassidy Bridges in Nash Bridges", "Gretchen Morgan in Prison Break" actress Jodi Lyn O'Keefe on Oct. 10 in Cliftwood Beach, N.J. Am. 6'11" basketball center (black) (Portland Trail Blazers #5, 1996-2000) (Indiana Pacers #6, 2000-8) Jermaine Lee O'Neal on Oct. 13 in Columbia, S.C. Am. astronaut Kathleen Hallisey "Kate" Rubins on Oct. 24 in Farmington, Conn.; grows up in Napa, Calif.; educated at UCSD, and Stanford U. Am. "Confessions" R&B singer-actor (black) Usher (Usher Raymond IV) on Oct. 14 in Dallas, Tex.; discovered at a talent show in Atlanta, Ga. in 1993, going on to sell 65M records worldwide. Am. "JJ Prayer in American Dreams", "Ronald Rabbit Parker in U-571" actor William Estes "Will" Estes on Oct. 21 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. bowler Tommy Jones on Nov. 2. U.S. Rep. (R-Wash.) (2011-) Jaime Herrera Beutler on Nov. 3 in Glendale, Calif.; Mexican descent father; educated at the U. of Wash. Am. 6'3" golfer Gerry Lester "Bubba" Watson Jr. on Nov. 5 in Bagdad, Fla. Chinese chef Ching He Huang on Nov. 8 in Tainan, Taiwan. Am. "Thing Song" singer Sisqo (Sisqó) (Mark Althavan Andrews) (Dru Hill) on Nov. 9 in Baltimore, Md. Am. "Gangsta Lovin'" rapper-actress (black) Eve (Eve Jihan Jeffers) on Nov. 10 in West Philadelphia, Penn. Pakistani-Canadian feminist activist filmmaker Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy on No. 12 in Karachi; educated at Stanford U. Am. rock bassist Nikolai Fraiture (Strokes) on Nov. 13 in New York City; French father, Russian mother. Welsh "Lucifer Morningstar in Lucifer" actor Thomas "Tom" Ellis on Nov. 17 in Bangor. Canadian "Regina George in Mean Girls", "Claire Cleary in Wedding Crashers", "Becky Fuller in Morning Glory", "Det. Ani Bezzerides in True Detective" actress Rachel Anne McAdams on Nov. 17 in London, Ont.; figure skates competitively from ages 4-18; educated at York U. Am. "Just Mercy" dir. Destin Daniel Cretton on Nov. 23 in Haiku, Maui, Hawaii; Irish-Slovak descent father, Japanese-Am. mother; educated at Point Loma Nazarent U., and San Diego State U. Am. "Bride of Chucky", "Isabel Evans in Roswell", "Dr. Isobel Izzie Stevens in Grey's Anatomy" actress-model (Mormon) Katherine Marie Heigl on Nov. 24 in Washington, D.C.; German and Irish ancestry. Am. baseball SS player (black) (Philadelphia Phillies, 2000-) James Calvin "Jimmy" Rollins on Nov. 27 in Oakland, Calif. Am. "Lori Weston in Hawaii Five-O", "Chloe Decker in Lucifer" actress Lauren Christine German on Nov. 29 in Huntington Beach, Calif. Am. "American Idol" singer (gay) Clay Aiken on Nov. 30 in Raleigh, N.C. Mexican "Rene Saavedra in No" actor-dir. Gael Garcia Bernal on Nov. 30 in Guadalajara. Montenegrinian 6'4" "voice of Colossus in Deadpool" actor Stefan Kapicic in Cologne, Germany. Am. 7'0" basketball center (black) (first open gay in U.S. major league sports) (New Jersey Nets #34, 2001-8) Jason Paul Collins on Dec. 2 in Northridge, Calif.; educated at Stanford U. Canadian "I'm Like a Bird" singer-songwriter (Roman Catholic) Nelly Kim Furtado on Dec. 2 in Victoria, B.C.; Portuguese immigrant parents; named after Soviet gymnast Nellie Kim. Israeli politician (Jewish) Tzipi Hotovely on Dec. 2 in Rehovot; Georgian Jewish immigrant parents; educasted at Bar-Ilan U., and Tel Aviv U. English "History Hunter" TV journalist Daniel Robert "Dan" Snow on Dec. 3 in London; son of Peter Snow (1938-); great-great-grandson of David Lloyd George; educated at St. Paul's School, and Balliol College, Oxford U. Am. "Boone Carlyle in Lost" actor-model-producer Ian Joseph Somerhalder on Dec. 8 in Covington, La. Am. "Chris Partlow in The Wire" actor (black) Gbenga Akinnagbe on Dec. 12 in Washington, D.C. Am. "Adam in National Lampoon Adam and Eve" actor Dylan Douglas on Dec. 13 in Santa Barbara, Calif.; son of Michael Douglas (1944-) and Diandra Douglas (1956-). Dutch musician Mark Jansen (After Forever, Epica) on Dec. 15. Filipino 5'6-1/2" boxer-politician (2000s Fighter of the Decade) Emmanuel Dapidran "Manny" "Pac-Man" Pacquiao on Dec. 17 in Kibawe, Bukidnon; first 8-div. world champion (until ?). Am. baseball 2B player (Philadelphia Phillies #26, 2003-) Chase Cameron Utley on Dec. 17 in Pasadena, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Am. "Batman Returns", "Tomkat" actress (Roman Catholic) Katherine (Kate) Noelle "Katie" Holmes on Dec. 18 in Toledo, Ohio; wife (2006-12) of Tom Cruise (1962-). Saudi 9/11 hijacker Waleed Mohammed al-Shehri (d. 2011) on Dec. 20 in Asir. Canadian 5'9" "Daena in Planet of the Apes", "The Cooler" actress-model-synchronized swimmer Estella Dawn Warren on Dec. 23 in Peterborough, Ont.; French-English father, Irish-Choctaw pig farm-raised mother. Am. "Last Comic Standing" comedian Anthony Jeselnik on Dec. 22 in Pittsburgh, Penn.; educated at Tulane U. Am. "Ordinary People" R&B singer (black) John Legend (John Roger Stephens) on Dec. 28 in Springfield, Ohio. Am. "Roman Pearce in The Fast and the Furious" actor-singer-producer-writer (black) Tyrese Darnell Gibson on Dec. 30 in Watts, Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "The Monsters of Templeton" novelist Lauren Groff on ? in Cooperstown, N.Y. Am. special envoy #2 to the OIC (2009-) (Muslim) Rashad Hussain (Arab. "good judgment" + "handsome") on ? in Wyo.; Indian immigrant parents; educated at the U. of N.C., Harvard U., and Yale U. Canadian "Sasha in Going the Distance", "Myka Ophelia Bering in Warehouse 13" actress Joanne Kelly on ? in Bay d'Espoir, Newfoundland and Labrador. Am. "Take a Back Road", country songwriter Luke Robert Laird on ? in Hartstown, Penn. Ethiopian novelist Dinaw Mengestu on ? in Addis Ababa; educated at Georgetown U. and Columbia U. Palestinian-Am. Muslim-to-Christian convert Mosab Hassan Yousef on ? in ?; son of Hamas co-founder Sheikh Hassan Yousef. Deaths: American and British archeologists and bandleaders like to die this year? German-born Am. historian-archeologist Margarete Bieber (b. 1879) on Feb. 25 in New Canaan, Conn. Am. animator John Randolph Bray (b. 1879) on Oct. 10 in Bridgeport, Conn. Canadian freethinker writer Marshall Jerome Gauvin (b. 1881) on Sept. 23; his writers are collected by the U. of Manitoba. Paraguayan pres. (1949-54) Federico Chavez (b. 1882) on Apr. 24 in Asuncion; dictator Alfredo Stroessner, who overthrew him attends the funeral - thanks for the memory? French historian-philosopher Etienne Gilson (b. 1884) on Sept. 19: "History is the only laboratory we have in which to test the consequences of thought." Am. poet-novelist Margaret Widdemer (b. 1884) on July 14. Scottish painter Duncan Grant (b. 1885) on May 8 in Aldermaston, Berkshire. Russian ballerina Tamara Karsavina (b. 1885) on May 26 in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. Italian Arctic explorer Umberto Nobile (b. 1885) on July 30 in Rome. Syrian Christian scholar Philip Khuri Hitti (b. 1886). Spanish diplomat-historian Salvador de Madariaga (b. 1886) on Dec. 14 in Locarno, Switzerland. Swedish physicist Karl M.G. Siegbahn (b. 1886) on Sept. 26. Am. poet John Hall Wheelock (b. 1886) on Mar. 22. English "The Constant Nymph" filmmaker Basil Dean (b. 1887) on Apr. 22 in London (heart attack). Am. baseball mgr. "Marse Joe" McCarthy (b. 1887) on Jan. 13. Greek painter Giorgio de Chirico (b. 1888) on Nov. 20 in Rome (heart attack). Am. engineer-businessman William Frederick Rockwell Sr. (b. 1888) on Oct. 16. German Dada artist Hannah Hoch (b. 1889) on May 31 in Berlin. Am. "The March of Time" filmmaker ("Father of the Docudrama") Louis de Rochemont (b. 1889) on Dec. 23 in Newington, N.H. French rheumatologist Jacques Forestier (b. 1890) on Mar. 17 in Paris. Mexican pres. (1928-30) Emilio Portes Gil (b. 1890) on Dec. 10 in Mexico City (heart attack). Am. actress Charlotte Greenwood (b. 1890) on Dec. 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. German playwright Hanns Johst (b. 1890) on Nov. 23 in Ruhpolding, Bavria, West Germany. Am. banker-philanthropist Maj. Ralph Lowell (b. 1890) on May 15 in Boston, Mass. German Luftwaffe gen. Kurt Student (b. 1890) on July 1. Am. Mont. gov. (1953-61) J. Hugo Aronson (b. 1891) on Feb. 25. Ukrainian-born Am. operatic bass Alexander Kipnis (b. 1891) on May 14 in Westport, Conn. (stroke). Am. "The Law of the Range" cowboy actor Tim McCoy (b. 1891) on Jan. 29 in Ft. Huachuca, Sierra Vista, Ariz. Chinese scholar-poet-politician Kuo Mo-jo (b. 1891). Am. "New Yorker" correspondent ("Genet") Janet Flanner (b. 1892) on Nov. 7 in New York City. Scottish poet Hugh MacDiarmid (b. 1892) on Sept. 9 in Edinburgh. U.S. Navy Adm. (Seabees founder) Ben Moreell (b. 1892) on July 30 in Elk Grove, Calif. Am. businessman Raymond Rubicam (b. 1892) on May 8. Soviet Gen. Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev (b. 1892) on Aug. 15 in Moscow. Canadian-born Am. Warner Bros. exec Jack L. Warner (b. 1892) on Sept. 9 in Hollywood, Calif. (pulmonary edema). Am. "Mother Abbess in The Sound of Music" actress Peggy Wood (b. 1892) on Mar. 18 in Stamford, Conn. (cerebral hemorrhage). Am. romance novelist Faith Baldwin (b. 1893) on Mar. 18 in Norwalk, Conn.; pub. 85 novels. Am. pioneering parachutist Tiny Broadwick (b. 1893) on in Calif. Am. educator-scientist-diplomat James B. Conant (b. 1893) on Feb. 11 in Hanover, N.H. (cancer). French historian Bernard Fay (b. 1893) on Dec. 31 in Tours. French mathematician Gaston Julia (b. 1893) on Mar. 19 in Paris. Romanian-born Am. civil rights atty.-judge Samuel Simon Leibowitz (b. 1893) on Jan. 11 in Brooklyn, N.Y. (stroke); known for defending the Scottsboro Boys in the 1930s and presiding over the 1945 trial of Brooklyn Dodgers mgr. Leo Durocher for assaulting a fan at Ebbets Field. Am. Columbia U. football coach (1930-56) Lou Little (b. 1893) on May 28 in Delray Beach, Fla. English "Lolly Willowes" novelist-poet Sylvia Townsend Warner (b. 1893) on May 1 in Maiden Newton, Dorset. Am. diplomat Spruille Braden (b. 1894) on Jan. 10 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart disease). English "Mrs. Sanderson in The Haunting", "Aunt Ann in the Forsyte Saga" actress Fay Compton (b. 1894) on Dec. 12 in London; founder of the Fay Compton School of Dramatic Arts, alma mater of Sir Alec Guinness. Am. MLB commissioner #3 (1951-5) Ford Christopher Frick (b. 1894) on Apr. 8 in Bronxville, N.Y. (stroke). Am. geophysicist John Clarence Karcher (b. 1894) on July 13 in Dallas, Tex. Am. "After You've Gone" songwriter Turner Layton (b. 1894) on Feb. 6 in London. English-born Am. actress Kathleen Lockhart (b. 1894) on Feb. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif. Australian PM (1939-41, 1949-66) Sir Robert Gordon Menzies (b. 1894) on May 14/15 in Melbourne (heart attack). Am. diplomat Robert Daniel Murphy (b. 1894) on Jan. 9; gets put on a U.S. postage stamp in 2006. Am. physician Armand James Quick (b. 1894) on Jan. 26. Am. "Saturday Evening Post" artist Norman Rockwell (b. 1894) on Nov. 8 in Stockbridge, Mass. (emphysema); First Lady Rosalynn Carter attends his funeral. Am. Zippo lighter inventor George G. Blaisdell (b. 1895) on Oct. 3 in Miami Beach, Fla. Am. banker-philanthropist E. Roland "Bunny" Harriman (b. 1895) on Feb. 16 in Arden, N.Y. English writer-critic Frank Raymond Leavis (b. 1895) on Apr. 14 in Cambridge. Am. historian Fletcher Melvin Green (b. 1895) on Feb. 27 in Chapel Hill, N.C. Soviet statesman Anastas Hovhanessi Mikoyan (b. 1895) on Oct. 21 in Moscow (cancer). Am. artist Abraham Rattner (b. 1895) on Feb. 14. Am. "Grandmama in the Addams Family" actress Blossom Rock (Marie Blake) (b. 1895) on Jan. 14. Am. composer William Grant Still (b. 1895) on Dec. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). U.S. interior secy. (1950-3) Oscar L. Chapman (b. 1896) on Feb. 8. Am. "Love Me or Leave Me" singer Ruth Etting (b. 1896) on Sept. 24 in Colorado Springs, Colo. (cancer). Am. economist Isador Lubin (b. 1896) on July 6. French economist Jacques Leon Rueff (b. 1896) on Apr. 23. Am. jeweller Harry Winston (b. 1896) on Dec. 8 in New York City (heart attack). Am. Ford Motor Co. chmn. Ernest R. Breech (b. 1897) on July 3 in Royal Oak, Mich. (heart attack). French "Gigi" actor-singer Charles Boyer (b. 1897) on Aug. 26 in Phoenix, Ariz. (barbituate OD). Am. "Father of the Berlin Airlift" gen. Lucius D. Clay (b. 1897) on Apr. 16 in Chatham, Mass. (emphysema); the citizens of Berlin donate a plaque for his grave saying "We thank the preserver of our freedom." Am. Jesuit priest Leonard Feeney (b. 1897) on Jan. 30 in Ayer, Mass. Am. "Bird Girl" sculptor Sylvia Shaw Judson (b. 1897). Kenyan pres.-PM (1963-78) Jomo Kenyatta (b. 1897) on Aug. 22 in Mombasa. Am. insurance and real estate magnate John D. MacArthur (b. 1897) on Jan. 6 in West Palm Beach, Fla. (cancer); leaves a $1B fortune, establishing the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, which funds the MacArthur Fellowships et al. German liberal politician Hans von Manteuffel (b. 1897) on Sept. 24 in Reith im Alpbachtal, Tyrol, Austria. English chemist Ronald G.W. Norrish (b. 1897) on June 7; 1967 Nobel Chem. Prize. Italian pope (1963-78) Paul VI (b. 1897) on Aug. 6 in Castel Gandolfo (heart attack); the kidnapping of his friend Aldo Moro on Mar. 16 contributed to his death? Austrian "Uncle Chris in I Remember Mama" actor Oskar Homolka (b. 1898) on Jan. 27 in Sussex, England. Russian-Armenian Kirlian photography inventor Semyon Davidovich Kirlian (b. 1898) on Apr. 4. Israeli PM #4 (1969-74) Golda Meir (b. 1898) on Dec. 8 in Jerusalem (leukemia): "Whether women are better than men I cannot say, but I can say they are certainly no worse"; "One cannot and must not try to erase the past merely because it does not fit the present"; "There will be no peace until they love their children more than they hate us." German aircraft designer-industrialist Willy Messerschmitt (b. 1898) on Sept. 15 in Munich. French-born Am. actress Odette Myrtil (b. 1898) on Nov. 18 in Doylestown, Penn. English economist Sir Arnold Plant (b. 1898) on Apr. 19. Indian Yoga scholar I.K. Taimni (b. 1898) on June 7 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Am. heavyweight boxing champ (1926-8) Gene Tunney (b. 1898) on Nov. 7 in Greenwich, Conn. (circulatory ailment). English-born Am. writer Freda Utley (b. 1898) on Jan. 21 in Washington, D.C. Canadian industrialist W. Garfield Weston (b. 1898) on Oct. 22 in Toronto, Ont. English Jewish celeb-athlete-journalist Harold Abrahams (b. 1899) on Jan. 14 in London - he ran them off their feet? Am. historian Paul Herman Buck (b. 1899) on Dec. 23 in Cambridge, Mass. Am. Civil War historian Bruce Catton (b. 1899) on Aug. 28 in Frankfort, Minn. Am. biochemist (co-discoverer of insulin) Charles Herbert Best (b. 1899) on Mar. 31 in Toronto, Ont., Canada; dies of a ruptured abdominal blood vessel after hearing that one of his sons died of a heart attack. Mexican composer (Mexican Nat. Symphony founder) Carlos Chavez (b. 1899) on Aug. 2 on Aug. 2 in Mexico City (heart failure). Am. S.C. Johnson & Co. pres. Herbert Fisk Johnson Jr. (b. 1899) on Dec. 13 in Wind Point, Wisc. Am. historian Matthew Josephson (b. 1899) on Mar. 13 in Santa Cruz, Calif. English-born Irish actor-dramatist Micheal MacLiammoir (b. 1899) on Mar. 6 in Dublin. German-born Am. conductor William Steinberg (b. 1899) on May 16 in New York City (heart failure). Am. humorist-actress-author Ilka Chase (b. 1900) on Feb. 15 in Mexico City, Mexico (fall): "Intellect alone is a dry and rattling thing." German Adidas founder Adi Dassler (b. 1900) on Sept. 6 in Herzogenaurach (heart attack). English economist Sir Henry Roy Forbes Harrod (b. 1900) on Mar. 8 in Holt, Norfolk. Italian-born Am. linguist Mario Pei (b. 1900) on Mar. 2 in Glen Ridge, N.J. Am. "Little Boxes" singer-songwriter Malvina Reynolds (b. 1900) on Mar. 17. Italian "Fontamara", "Bread and Wine" novelist Ignazio Silone (b. 1900) on Aug. 22 in Geneva, Switzerland. English bandleader Victor Silvester (b. 1900) on Aug. 14 near Lavandou, France (drowns); sold 75M records. English billiards player Joe Davis (b. 1901) on July 10 in Hampshire. Am. novelist Francis Van Wyck Mason (b. 1901) on Aug. 28 in Bermuda (heart attack while swimming at the beach); pub. 65 novels. Am. anthropologist Margaret Mead (b. 1901) on Nov. 15 in New York City (pancreatic cancer): "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has"; "Life in the twentieth century is like a parachute jump: you have to get it right the first time." Am. pituitary hormone and penicillin biochemist Vincent du Vigneaud (b. 1901) on Dec. 11 in Ithaca, N.Y. (stroke); 1955 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. "Grandpa Walton" actor Will Geer (b. 1902) on Apr. 22 in Los Angeles, Calif. (respiratory failure). Dutch-Am. physicist Samuel A. Goudsmit (b. 1902) on Dec. 4 in Reno, Nev. (heart attack) - who was she? Am. Lear Jet inventor Bill Lear (b. 1902) on May 14 in Reno, Nev. (leukemia). Russian-born Am. composer Nicolas Nabokov (b. 1902). Hungarian-Am. composer-conductor Tibor Serly (b. 1902). Am. architect Edward Durell Stone (b. 1902) on Aug. 6 in New York City; designed 2 Columbus Circle and the H. Hartford Gallery of Modern Art in New York City, and the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi. Am. "Beekeeper in The Alamo" actor Chill Wills (b. 1902) on Dec. 15 in Encino, Calif. Am. ventriloquist Edgar Bergen (b. 1903) on Sept. 30 in Las Vegas, Nev. Am. "By Love Possessed" novelist James Gould Cozzens (b. 1903) on Aug. 9 in Stuart, Fla. (pneumonia): "I have no theme except that people get a very raw deal from life"; "I can't read ten pages of Steinbeck without throwing up." French "April in Paris", "Is Paris Burning?" actor Claude Dauphin (b. 1903) on Nov. 16 in Paris. Armenian "sabre dance" composer Aram Khachaturian (b. 1903) on May 1 in Moscow; buried in Yerevan, Armenia. English bandleader Ray Noble (b. 1903) on Apr. 3 in London (cancer). French cigarette magnate Antony Noghes (b. 1890) on Aug. 2 in Monte Carlo, Monaco. Am. actor Jack Oakie (b. 1903) on Jan. 23 in Northridge, Calif. (aortic aneurysm); appeared in 87 films. Am. "Congressional Quarterly" pub. Nelson Poynter (b. 1903) on June 15 in St. Petersburg, Fla. Am. Roller Derby creator Leo A. Seltzer (b. 1903) on Jan. 30. Am. jazz violinist Joe Venuti (b. 1903) on Aug. 14 in Aug. 14 in Seattle, Wash. (lung cancer). Am. writer Bergen Evans (b. 1904) on Feb. 4 in Highland Park, Ill. (cancer). Ukrainian-born French immunologist Bernard Halpern (b. 1904) on Sept. 23 in Paris. British conservative politician John Selwyn Lloyd, baron Selwyn-Lloyd (b. 1904) on May 18 in Oxfordshire. English archeologist Sir Max Mallowan (b. 1904) on Aug. 19 in Wallingford, Oxfordshire. Swedish novelist-poet Harry Edmund Martinson (b. 1904) on Feb. 11 in Stockholm; 1974 Nobel Lit. Prize. Am. Grumman Aircraft founder William T. Schwendler (b. 1904) on Jan. 15 in Farmingdale, Long Island, N.Y. German-born high-wire performer Karl Wallenda (b. 1904) on Mar. 22 in San Juan, Puerto Rico; dies after a 150-ft. fall from a cable strung between the Condado Holiday Inn and Flamboyan Hotels: "Being on a tightrope is living; everything else is waiting." Am. modernist poet Louis Zukofsky (b. 1904) on May 12 in Port Jefferson, Long Island, N.Y. English actor Leo Genn (b. 1905) on Jan. 26 in London. Swedish inventor-industrialist Victor Hasselblad (b. 1905) on Aug. 6 in Gothenburg. Am. "Persuasive Percussion" bandleader Enoch Light (b. 1905) on July 31 in New York City. Am. poet Phyllis McGinley (b. 1905) on Feb. 22 in New York City: "Time is the thief you cannot banish." Am. chef Helen Corbitt (b. 1906) on Jan. 16 in Dallas, Tex. Austrian-Am. mathematician Kurt Godel (b. 1906) on Jan. 14 in Princeton, N.J.; went mad and starved himself to death (65 lbs.) after his wife Adele was hospitalized and unable to taste his food for him - it's either me or her? Scottish-born Am. scholar-critic Gilbert Highet (b. 1906) on Jan. 20 in New York City (cancer): "What is politics but persuading the public to vote for this and support that and endure these for the promise of those?"; "The aim of those who try to control thought is always the same. They find one single explanation of the world, one system of thought and action that will (they believe) cover everything; and then they try to impose that on all thinking people"; "History is a strange experience. The world is quite small now; but history is large and deep. Sometimes you can go much farther by sitting in your own home and reading a book of history, than by getting onto a ship or an airplane and travelling a thousand miles." British-born Am. fashion designer Charles James (b. 1906) on Sept. 23 in New York City (pneumonia). English archeologist Dame Kathleen Kenyon (b. 1906) on Aug. 24 in Wrexham, Cwyd, Wales. English actor-producer Derrick De Marney (b. 1906) on Feb. 18 in Frimley, Surrey (pneumonia). English composer-conductor Ray Noble (b. 1906) on Apr. 3 in London (cancer). Canadian-born Am. swimsuit designer Rose Marie Reid (b. 1906) on Nov. 18 in Provo, Utah. Am. philanthropist John Davison Rockefeller III (b. 1906) on July 10 in Pocantico Hills, Mount Pleasant, N.Y. (automobile accident). Am. composer Howard Swanson (b. 1906) on Nov. 12 in New York City. German actor Charles Hans Vogt (b. 1906) on Mar. 18 in Berlin. English writer-illustrator Nicolas Clerihew Bentley (b. 1907) on Aug. 14. Am. archeologist Bertha Cody (b. 1907) on Oct. 8 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. industrial designer Charles Eames (b. 1907) on Aug. 21 in St. Louis, Mo. (heart attack). German Nazi Lt. Col. Herbert Kapper (b. 1907) in Soltau (cancer). Am. "The Land of Plenty" novelist Robert Emmett Cantwell (b. 1908) on Dec. 8. Am. "Lars Hanson in Little House on the Prairie" actor Karl Swenson (b. 1908) on Oct. 8 in Torrington, Conn. (heart attack); dies while visiting friends shortly after filming an episode where his char. Hanson dies. British naval cmdr. (pres. of Schweppes) Edward Whitehead (b. 1908) on Apr. 16 in Petersfield. USAF Brig. Gen. Charles F. Blair Jr. (b. 1909) on Sept. 2 in St. Thomas, Virgin Island (airplane crash); husband (1968-) of actress Maureen O'Hara (1920-), who is elected CEO-pres. of his co. Antilles Airboats, becoming the first woman pres. of a scheduled airline, who retired from acting when she married him and doesn't act again until the 1991 film "Only the Lonely". Am. country singer Maybelle Carter (b. 1909) on Oct. 23 in Nashville, Tenn. Am. Dem. athlete-politician Ralph Metcalfe (b. 1910) on Oct. 10 in Chicago, Ill. (heart attack). Am. trumpeter-singer Louis Prima (b. 1910) on Aug. 24 in New Orleans, La. (pneumonia); dies after brain surgery for a tumor leaves him in a coma for 3 years. Am. golfer Dick Chapman (b. 1911) on Nov. 15. Irish pres. #5 (1974-6) Cearbhall O Dalaigh (b. 1911) on Mar. 21 in Dublin. Am. Harrah's Hotel and Casinos founder William Fisk Harrah (b. 1911) on June 30 in Rochester, Minn. (aortic aneurism surgery). U.S. vice-pres. #38 (1965-9) and U.S. Sen. (D-Minn.) (1949-64, 1971-78) Hubert Horatio Humphrey (b. 1911) on Jan. 13 in Waverly, Minn. (cancer). Russian mathematician Mstislav V. Keldysh (b. 1911). Am. poet-novelist Kenneth Patchen (b. 1911) on Jan. 8 in Palo Alto, Calif. Soviet Gen. Alexei Radzievsky (b. 1911). English actress Wendy Barrie (b. 1912) on Feb. 2 in Englewood, N.J. French Guianan poet Leon Damas (b. 1912) on Jan. 22 in Washington, D.C. Madagascar pres. #1 (1959-72) Philibert Tsiranana (b. 1912) on Apr. 16 in Antanarivo. Am. actor-dancer Dan Dailey (b. 1913) on Oct. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. (anemia). Am. Flying Tigers pilot Capt. Robert W. Prescott (b. 1913) on Mar. 3 in Palm Springs, Calif. (cancer). Canadian "Peyton Place", "The Inn of the Sixth Happiness" dir.-producer Mark Robson (b. 1913) on June 20 in London (heart attack). Am. actor Gig Young (b. 1913) on Oct. 19 in Manhattan, N.Y. (suicide after being fired from "Blazing Saddles" and "Charlie's Angels", then killing his 3-week-old wife Kim Schmidt after receiving experimental LSD from psychologist Eugene Landy). Am. mob boss Joseph Colombo Sr. (b. 1914) on Oct. 1 in New York City (in a coma since the 1971 shooting); "Vegetabled" (Joe Gallo). Am. CBS Radio journalist (1942-62) Bill Downs (b. 1914) on May 3. Italian furniture designer Harry Bertoia (b. 1915) on Nov. 6 in Barto, Penn. (pulmonary hemorrhage). Am. "Hot Rod Lincoln" country singer Johnny Bond (b. 1915) on June 12 (heart attack). Am. writer Leigh Brackett (b. 1915) on Mar. 18 in Lancaster, Calif. (cancer). Am. country singer Jenny Lou Carson (b. 1915) on Dec. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. Argentine pres. (1973) Raul Alberto Lastiri (b. 1915) on Dec. 11 in Buenos Aires. Am. socialite Barbara "Babe" Paley (b. 1915) on July 6 in New York City (lung cancer). Italian PM #38 (1974-6) Aldo Moro (b. 1916) on May 9 in Rome (murdered). U.S. gen. (JCS chmn. 1974-8) George Scratchley Brown (b. 1918) on Dec. 5 in Bethesda, Md. (cancer). Am. "Flint in Star Trek", "Honorious in Planet of the Apes" actor James Daly (b. 1918) on July 3 in Nyack, N.Y. (heart attack); dies after filming his role as "Mr. Boyce" in "Roots: The Next Generations". English pianist Mrs. Mills (b. 1918) on Feb. 24. Am. "Minamata" photographer W. Eugene Smith (b. 1918) on Oct. 15 in Tucson, Ariz. (head injuries from fall). Am. jazz musician Lennie Tristano (b. 1919) on Nov. 18 in Jamaica, N.Y. (heart attack). English actor Michael Bates (b. 1920) on Jan. 11 in Cambridge. Am. "Crazy Guggenheim" comedian Frank Fontaine (b. 1920) on Aug. 4 in Spokane, Wash. (heart attack); dies after performing at a benefit show and receiving a check for $25K for heart research. English "Raj Quartet" novelist Paul Mark Scott (b. 1920) on Mar. 1 in London (cancer). Am. "Dr. Alex Stone in The Donna Reed Show" actor Carl Betz (b. 1921) on Jan. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif. (lung cancer). Guiana-born French poet-politician Leon Damas (b. 1912) on Jan. 22 in Washington, D.C. Am. atty Joseph Fred Buzhardt Jr. (b. 1924) on Dec. 16 in Hilton Head, S.C. (heart attack). Am. "Plan 9 from Outer Space" dir. Edward D. Wood Jr. (b. 1924) on Dec. 10 in North Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack from alcoholism); the Church of Ed Wood is founded in 1996 to worship him for being so bad he's good. U.S. Rep. (D-Calif.) (1973-8) Leo Joseph Ryan Jr. (b. 1925) on Nov. 18 in Port Kautuma, Guyana (assassinated). Am. composer-singer-actor Alex Bradford (b. 1926). Am. comedian Totie Fields (b. 1930) on Aug. 2 in Las Vegas, Nev. (pulmonary embolism); "I've waited all my life to say this... I weigh less than Elizabeth Taylor" (after her left leg was amputated in Apr. 1976). Am. gospel singer-composer Professor Alex Bradford (b. 1927). Palestine guerrilla leader Wadi Haddad (b. 1927). English "Jaws", "From Russia with Love" actor Robert Shaw (b. 1927) on Aug. 28 near Tourmakeady, County Mayo, Ireland (heart attack). Am. "Hogan's Heroes" actor Bob Crane (b. 1928) on June 29 in Scottsdale, Ariz.; found murdered in his motel room. Belgian singer-songwriter Jacques Brel (b. 1929) on Oct. 9 in Bobigny, France (lung embolism); sold 25M records. Bulgarian dissident writer Georgi Markov (b. 1929) on Sept. 11 in London (assassinated). Am. gay politician Harvey Milk (b. 1930) on Nov. 27 in San Francisco, Calif.; assassinated by San Francisco supervisor Dan White (1946-85); 30K attend his funeral procession from Castro to City Hall; in 2009 Calif. gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger establishes Harvey Milk Day on May 22, becoming the 2nd person in Calif. history to have a day designated for him. Am. religious mass-murderer Jim Jones (b. 1931) on Nov. 18 in Jonestown, Guyana (too much cyanide-laced purple Flavor Aid, er, gunshot wound to the head). Am. novelist Earl Thompson (b. 1931) on Nov. 9 in Sausalito, Calif. (heart attack); dies suddenly after pub. three novels and just becoming successful. Am. record producer Tom Wilson (b. 1931) on Sept. 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Algerian pres. (1965-78) Hourari Boumedienne (b. 1932) on Dec. 27 in Algiers (Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia). Am. Days Inn founder Cecil Burke Day (b. 1934) on Dec. 15 in Atlanta, Ga. Am. jazz musician Don Ellis (b. 1934) on Dec. 17 in Hollywood, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Fredo Corleone in The Godfather" actor John Cazale (b. 1935) on Mar. 12 in New York City (lung cancer). Am. country singer Mel Street (b. 1935) on Oct. 21 in ? (suicide); George Jones sings at his funeral. Am. country singer Bob Luman (b. 1937) on Dec. 27 in Nashville, Tenn. (pneumonia). French "My Way" singer-songwriter Claude Francois (b. 1939) on Mar. 11 in Paris (accidentally electrocuted in the bath tub) (murder?). Guinnea-Bissau PM (1973-8) Francisco Mendes (b. 1939) on July 7 in Lisbon, Portugal (automobile accident) (assassinated?). Am. rock guitarist (Chicago) Terry Kath (b. 1946) on Jan. 23 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (accidental gunshot to the head); after the band finally decides not to disband, he is replaced by guitarist Donnie Danus, Chris Pinnick, Dawayne Bailey, and Keith Howland. English rock drummer (The Who) Keith Moon (b. 1946) on Sept. 7 in London (OD of Clomethiazole); dies in 9 Curzon Pl. #12 after dining with Paul and Linda McCartney in the same flat where Mama Cass Elliot died in 1974; in 2004 his premier drum set sells at auction for $250K. English folk rock singer Sandy Denny (b. 1947) on Apr. 21 in London (brain hemorrhage after a fall). Panamanian jockey Nick Navarro (b. 1953) in Miami, Fla. (lightning).



1979 - The Top Coup (Cup?) (Gap?) of Gold Three Mile Island Margaret Thatcher Ayatollah Khomeini Jimmy Carter Malaise Year? The year that the militant Islamics turn the corner on the West, giving people a reason to dump silver and hoard good old gold? A good year to defect from the Soviet Union? A good year for assholes, doofuses, punks, and killer rabbits?

Gold Bars Three Mile Island, Mar. 28, 1979 'The China Syndrome', 1979 AA Flight 191, May 25, 1979 Killer Rabbit, Apr. 20, 1979 Pope John Paul II in Poland, June 2, 1979 Margaret Thatcher of Britain (1925-) Deng Xiaoping of China (1904-97) Zhao Ziyang of China (1919-2005) Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi II of Iran (1919-80) Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran (1902-89) Ali Shariati of Iran (1933-77) Ebrahim Yazdi of Iran (1931-) Ted Koppel (1940-) Anti-Iran Protest in Washington, D.C., Nov. 9, 1979 So Damn Insane (Saddam Hussein) of Iraq (1937-2006) Qusay Hussein of Iraq (1966-2003) Charles Joseph 'Joe' Clark of Canada (1939-) Karl Walter Carstens of West Germany (1914-92) Francesco Cossiga of Italy (1928-2010) Babrak Karmal of Afghanistan (1929-96) Hafizullah Amin of Afghanistan (1929-79) Chadli Benjedid of Algeria (1929-) Charles Haughey of Ireland (1925-2006) Gen. Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo of Brazil (1918-99) Denis Sassou Nguesso of People's Republic of the Congo (1943-) Lydia Gueiler Tejada of Bolivia (1921-) Gen. Alberto Natusch Busch of Bolivia (1933-94) Maurice Rupert Bishop of Grenada (1944-83) Daniel Ortega Saavedra of Nicaragua (1945-) Heng Samrin of Cambodia (1934-) Hun Sen of Cambodia (1951-) Kim Young-sam of South Korea (1927-) Maj. Gen. Chun Doo-hwan of South Korea (1931-) Maj. Gen. Roh Tae-woo of South Korea (1932-) Choi Kyuh-hah of South Korea (1919-2006) Ahmad Shah of Pahang (1930-) David Dacko of the Central African Repub. (1930-2003) Goukouni Oueddei of Chad (1944-) Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea (1942-) Lt. Jerry Rawlings of Ghana (1947-) Hilla Limann of Ghana (1934-98) Alhaji Shehu Shagari of Nigeria (1925-) Yusuf Kironde Lule of Uganda (1912-85) Godfrey Lukongwa Binaisa of Uganda (1920-2010) Marais Viljoen of South Africa (1915-2007) Maria Pintasilgo of Portugal (1930-2004) Shirley Hufstedler of the U.S. (1925-2016) Alexander Godunov (1949-95) and Lyudmila Vlasova (1942-) Donald McHenry of the U.S. (1936-) Jane Margaret Byrne of the U.S. (1933-2014) Jaime Roldós Aguilera of Ecuador (1940-81) Sir John G.M. Compton of St. Lucia (1925-2007) Louis Earl Mountbatten of Britain (1900-79) Jose Eduardo dos Santos of Angola (1942-) Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah of Mauritania (1940-) Abu Hassan (Ali Hassan Salameh) (-1979) Paul Henry Nitze of the U.S. (1907-2004) Vladimir Lyakhov of the Soviet Union (1941-) Valery Ryumin of the Soviet Union (1939-) Georgi Ivanov of Bulgaria (1940-) Nikolai Rukavishnikov of the Soviet Union (1932-2002) Mohamed Abdel Salam Faraj of Egypt (1952-82) Ayman al-Zawahiri of Egypt (1951-) Abbud al-Zumar of Egypt (1947-) Rev. Jerry Falwell (1933-2007) Jesse Helms of the U.S. (1921-2008) Tim LaHaye (1926-) and Beverly LaHaye (1929-) Edward Eugene McAteer (1926-2004) Abdi Ipekci (1929-79) Josef Mengele (1911-79) Sonia Johnson (1936-) Brian Patrick Lamb (1941-) The Hunt Brothers George Soros (1930-) Li Kwoh-Ting (1910-2001) Petra Karin Kelly (1947-92) Archie R. McCardell (1926-2008) Arthur McDuffie (1946-79) Jacques Mesrine (1936-79) Assata Shakur (1947-) Juhayman al-Otaibi (1936-80) Fathi Shaqaqi (1951-95) Mustafa Barzani (1903-79) Massoud Barzani (1946-) Sheik Odeh (1950-) Paul Adolph Volcker of the U.S. (1927-) U.S. Surgeon Gen. Julius Benjamin Richmond (1916-2008) Stephen M. Lachs of the U.S. (1941-) Sir Richard Sykes of Britain (1921-79) Adolph 'Spike' Dubs of the U.S. (1920-79) Bill Clements of the U.S. (1917-2011) Walter-Wendy Carlos (1939-) Lane Kirkland (1922-99) Winston Spencer Churchill of England (1940-2010) Soraya Khashoggi Megan Ruth Marshack (1953-) Sid Vicious (1957-79) and Nancy Spungen (1958-78) Raymond Lee Washington (1953-79) John Spenkelink (1949-79) Brenda Ann Spencer (1962-) Carmine Galante (1910-79) Carmine Galante (1910-79), July 12, 1979 Alphonse Indelicato (1931-81) Philip Rastelli (1918-91) Joseph Massino (1943-) Wayne Bertram Williams (1958-) Rodney Alcala (1943-) Woolworth's Fire, May 8, 1979 Billy Carter (1937-88) No Nukes Concerts, 1979 'Big' John Tate (1955-98) Gerrie Coetzee (1955-) Jackie Larue Smith (1940-) Billy Smith (1950-) Terry Paxton Bradshaw (1948-) Thomas 'Hollywood' Henderson (1953-) Willie Stargell (1940-2001) Earvin 'Magic' Johnson (1959-) Larry Bird (1956-) Darryl Dawkins (1957-) Darryl Dawkins (1957-) David Greenwood (1957-) Bill Cartwright (1957-) Sidney Moncrief (1957-) Calvin Natt (1957-) Jim Paxson (1957-) Bob Gainey (1953-) Willie Willis John McEnroe of the U.S. (1959-) Tracy Austin of the U.S. (1962-) Kurt Thomas of the U.S. (1956-) Oleg Protopopov (1932-) and Ludmila Beloussova (1935-) Evelyn Ashford of the U.S. (1957-) Joan Benoit Samuelson of the U.S. (1957-) Richard Petty (1937-) Rick Mears (1951-) Dick Berggren (1942-) William F. Rasmussen Maritza Sayalero (1961-) Patti Boyd (1944-) and George Harrison (1943-2001) and Eric Clapton (1945-) John Wayne (1907-79), 1976 Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910-97) Shuaib Abdul Raheem (Gary Earl Robinson) (1950-) Odysseas Elytis (1911-96) Herbert Charles Brown (1912-2004) Allan McLeod Cormack (1924-98) Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (1919-2004) Sir William Arthur Lewis (1915-91) Theodore William Schultz (1902-98) Sir Walter Bodmer (1936-) Robert Henry Dicke (1916-97) James Peebles (1935-) Bjarne Stroustrup (1950-) Phillip Allen Sharp (1944-) Walter Gilbert (1932-) Alexander Rich (1924-2015) Bob Frankston (1949-) and Dan Bricklin (1951-) Xavier Roberts (1955-) Peter LeComber (1941-92) Herbert W. Boyer (1936-) J Strother Moore Bob Edwards (1947-) Jay Alan Pritzker (1922-99) John H. Tanton (1934-) Adrienne Vittadini (1944-) and Gianluigi Vittadini Rev. Jerry Falwell (1933-2007) Mark Ivor Satin (1946-) The Toolbox Killers The Toolbox Killers Victims Sheldon Adelson (1933-) Douglas Adams (1952-2001) Francesco Alberoni (1929-) John Barth (1930-) Roland Barthes (1915-80) Greg Bear (1951-) Arthur M. Blank (1942-) T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-) Barbara Taylor Bradford (1933-) 'A Woman of Substance' by Barbara Taylor Bradford (1933-), 1979 Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) Herbert Charles Brown (1912-2004) Helen Caldicott (1938-) David Drake (1945-) Odysseus Elytis (1911-96) Michael Ende (1929-95) Sir Ranulph Fiennes (1944-) Charles Robert 'Charlie' Burton (1942-2002) Sandra M. Gilbert (1936-) Susan Gubar (1944-) Gustav Hasford (1947-93) Robert L. Hass (1941-) Beth Henley (1952-) Douglas Richard Hofstadter (1945-) 'Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid', by Douglas Richard Hofstadter (1945-), 1979 Israel Horovitz (1939-) Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004) Jon Kabat-Zinn (1944-) Daniel Kahneman (1934-) Amos Nathan Tversky (1937-96) Erwin Knoll (1931-94) Paul Robin Krugman (1953-) Alice Miller (1923-2010) Anne Lamott (1954-) Christopher Lasch (1932-94) Robert Lawlor (1939-) Bernard Lewis (1916-2018) James Lovelock (1919-) Sir William Arthur Lewis (1915-91) Leon F. Litwack (1929-) Catharine A. MacKinnon (1946-) Bernie Marcus (1929-) Charles McCarry (1930-) Edmund Morris (1940-) Ulric Gustav Neisser (1928-2012) Joan Lowery Nixon (1927-2003) Janette Oke (1935-) Norman Podhoretz (1930-) Michael Eugene Porter (1947-) Swami Prabhavananda (1893-1976) William Primrose (1904-82) Nathan Pritikin (1915-85) 'The Pritikin Program' by Nathan Pritikin (1915-85), 1979) Paul Prudhomme (1940-2015) Richard Rorty (1931-2007) Pierre Wynants (1939-) Julian Schnabel (1951-) Theodore William Schultz (1902-98) Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006) LaVyrle Spencer (1943-) Scott Spencer (1945-) Starhawk (1951-) Timothy Steele (1948-) William Styron (1925-2006) Strobe Talbott (1946-) Herman Tarnower (1910-80) Harry Turtledove (1949-) Gary Zukav (1942-) Samm Sinclair Baker (1909-97) 'The Complete Scarsdale Diet' by Dr. Herman Tarnower (1910-80) and Samm Sinclair Baker (1909-97), 1979 Steve Tesich (1942-96) Jacques Francois Thisse (1946-) Hugh Thomas (1931-) Ezra Feivel Vogel (1930-) 'Japan as Number One' by Ezra Feivel Vogel (1930-), 1979 Georg Wittig (1897-1987) Tim Zagat (1940-) 'Archie Bunkers Place', 1979-83 'Benson', 1979-86 'The Dukes of Hazzard', 1979-85 'Knots Landing, 1979-93 'The Facts of Life', 1979-88 'Hart to Hart', 1979-84 'Trapper John, M.D.', starring Pernell Roberts (1928-2010), 1979-86 'Not the Nine O'Clock News', 1979-82 'To the Manor Born', 1979-81 'Amadeus', 1979 Christopher Durang (1949-) 'Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All for You', 1979 'Sugar Babies', 1979 'Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street', 1979 'Theyre Playing Our Song', 1979 'LAdolescente', 1979 'Alien', 1979 Sigourney Weaver (1949-) 'The Amityville Horror', 1979 'Apocalypse Now', 1979 'The Black Hole', 1979 'Dreamer', 1979 'Jesus', 1979 'Mad Max', 1979 'The Marriage of Maria Braun', 1979 'Meatballs', starring Bill Murray (1950-), 1979 'Meteor', 1979 'Monty Pythons Life of Brian', 1979 'Moonraker', 1979 'Parts: The Clonus Horror', 1979 'Phantasm', 1979 'The Sacketts', 1979 'Star Odyssey', 1979 'Star Trek: The Motion Picture', 1979 'The Warriors', 1979 'Time After Time', 1979 'The Villain', 1979 Vernel Bagnaris (1949-) Alexander Godunov (1949-95) Ruth Hurmence Green (1915-81) Louis LaRusso II (1935-2003) '10', 1979 'Escape from Alcatraz', 1979 Jaime Escalante (1930-2010) 'Stand and Deliver', starring Edward James Olmos (1947-), 1979 Brian Friel (1929-) Ernest Thompson (1949-) Martin Sherman (1938-) 'Bent', 1979 'Off the Wall' by Michael Jackson (1958-2009), 1979 'Love Hunter' by Whitesnake, 1979 Pat Benatar (1953-) The B-52's The Cramps 'The Wall' by Pink Floyd, 1979 Michael Kamen (1948-2003) Christopher Cross (1951-) The Cure Charlie Daniels (1936-2020) Dr. Elmo and Patsy The Fools Gang of Four Robert John (1946-) Gary Numan (1958-) B.A. Robertson (1956-) Stephanie Mills (1957-) Anita Ward (1945-) The Pretenders Saxon 'Saxon' debut album, 1979 The Slits Spizzenergi Adam and the Ants Bauhaus The Flying Lizards 'Lovehunter' by Whitesnake, 1979 Sugar Hill Gang Herman Brood (1946-) Captain Canada, 1979 Steve Forbert (1954-) Ian Gomm (1947-) Patrick Hernandez (1949-) Nick Lowe (1949-) Robin Scott (1947-) Amii Stewart (1956-) The Undertones Revolver Records Anita Pallenberg (1944-) 'Guadalupe Island, Caracara' by Frank Stella (1936-), 1979 Ken Grossman (1954-) Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. Logo DustBuster, 1979 Nobutoshi Kihara (1926-) Sony Walkman, 1979 Trivial Pursuit, 1979 Asteroids, 1979 Bactrian Gold Victor Ivanovich Sarianidi (1929-) Albert Einstein Memorial, 1979 Joe Louis Arena, 1979 'Gundam', 1979- Lynn Johnson (1947-) 'For Better or For Worse', by Lynn Johnston (1947-), 1979 Crop Circles CompuServe Logo America Online Logo NASA AD-1 SH-60 Seahawk Sour Patch Kids Sudoku, 1979 Boulder Beer Co. Boulder Beer Hazed and Infused

1979 Doomsday Clock: 9 min. to midnight. Chinese Year: Sheep (Jan. 28) - what Iran treats the U.S. like? Time Mag. Man of the Year: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1902-89). Smallpox, which once killed 500K a year is eradicated worldwide for the 1st time in history; the last known natural case was reported on Oct. 26, 1977 in Somalia, and its eradication is certified on Dec. 9, becoming the only human disease driven to extinction (until ?); Asia became smallpox-free in 1976 - wait for it to return as a govt.-engineered weapon? U.S. prices increase 13.3% this year, the largest jump since 1946; the U.S. GNP has risen by more than 33% since 1969, with unemployment averaging less than 6%, while stock prices decline 42% since 1969. U.S. money market funds zoom from $10B at the beginning of the year to $100B by Mar. 1981. Worldwide per capital oil production peaks this year. Number of homicides: U.S.: 21,456 (50% involving handguns and 13% involving rifles or shotguns); France: 1,645 (50% involving firearms); Canada: 207; Japan: 171; West Germany: 69. Illegal drug use in the U.S. among 12-to-17-y.-o. kids has grown from 1% in 1962 to 32%, with 65% of h.s. seniors having tried one, 39% using them monthly, and 11% smoking marijuana daily; a reaction by parents causes drug use to be reduced to 16% and h.s. seniors smoking marijuana daily to 2% by 1993; too bad, drug use is back up to 28% in 2001. This year 160K+ boat people flee Vietnam, up from 100K last year. On Jan. 1 the U.N. Internat. Year of the Child is proclaimed by U.N. secy.-gen. Kurt Waldheim, drawing attention to malnutrition, lack of access to education et al., becoming a precursor to the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. ABBA writes the song Chiquitita to commemorate it, and performs it on Jan. 9 at the Music for UNICEF Concert at the U.N. Gen. Assembly, hosted by David Frost, also featuring the Bee Gees, Rod Stewart, Earth, Wind and Fire, and Donna Summer. On Jan. 1 the U.S. and Red China hold celebrations in Washington, D.C. and the U.S. embassy in Beijing (attended by Deng Xiaoping) to mark the establishment of full diplomatic relations, pissing-off Taiwan (which the U.S. breaks ties with), and the Soviet Union, which on Apr. 3 is told by China that it will not renew its 1950 treaty of friendship set to expire in 1980, causing Moscow to reply on Apr. 4 that its decision is "contrary to the will and interests of the Chinese people"; Deng Xiaoping arranges a Jan. 29 visit to the U.S. On Jan. 1 OPEC beginning raising oil prices by 50%, reaching $20 per barrel on June 28; on June 29 a summit of seven major Western democracies in Tokyo agrees to limit oil imports, causing U.S. imports to fall to 7.9M barrels from a peak of 8.6M in 1977, causing prices to rise; in mid-Dec. OPEC meets in Caracas, Venezuela, and raises prices to $24 per barrel, while Iran and Libya set prices at above $28, and spot market prices reach $40. On Jan. 1 USC defeats Michigan by 17-10 to win the 1979 Rose Bowl. On Jan. 2 FAIR (Federation for American Immigration Reform) is founded by Mich.-born opthalmalogist John H. Tanton (1934-) (author of "International Migration" in 1975, and "End of the Migration Epoch?" in 1994) to fight against immigration to the U.S., especially from Mexico; too bad, his connections with white supremacist and eugenics orgs. stink him up? On Jan. 4 Ohio officials approve an out-of-court settlement awarding $675K to the victims and families in the 1970 Kent State U. shootings; in 1975 a federal jury in Cleveland, Ohio exonerated Ohio Gov. James A. Rhodes, 27 Ohio Nat. Guardsmen, and the former pres. of Kent State U. of any responsibility for the shootings. On Jan. 5-7 170K Vietnamese troops (14 divs.) occupy Phnom Penh and the seaport of Kompong Som, and oust the 35K Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot, who flee to sanctuaries along the Thai border, where they fight back for the next 12 years allied with the 9K non-Commie troops of Prince Sihanouk and another 15K non-Commie troops under Son Sann (1911-2000), while the Khmer Rouge continue the murder of Cambodians with any "bourgeois" past; the Vietnamese install a people's rev. council led by Heng Samrin (1934-) along with foreign minister Hun Sen (1951-), who becomes PM on Nov. 30, 1998; the Soviets congratulate Vietnam, but Romania breaks with the Warsaw Pact and denounces it, calling it a "heavy blow to the prestige of socialism", and China prepares an invasion of Vietnam to teach them a lesson about who's da boss, them or the Soviets. On Jan. 8 amid a gen. strike of oil workers and mass calls for his death, the U.S. advises shah (since Sept. 16, 1941) Mohammed Reza Pahlavi II (1919-80) to get his butt out of Iran or lose it, and he skedaddles with his family on Jan. 16 after 38 years in power, but doesn't abdicate, claiming that when he returns he will only reign not govern, receiving asylum from Anwar Sadat in Egypt, then hiking to Morocco, the Bahamas, and Cuernavaca, Mexico, finally entering the U.S. on Oct. 22 at the urging of Henry Kissinger and David Rockefeller to be treated for cancer in New York City, incl. removal of his gall bladder; on Jan. 17 Islam history ignoramus Pres. Carter pledges support for the new civilian govt. in Tehran, and urges the shah's opponents to give it a chance; behind the scenes, Peanut Pres. Carter sends a rep. to meet Ayatollah Khomeini in Paris, who returns with glowing reports about a "saint", causing Carter to undermine the new regime to put him in power, making a deal with him to remove the shah and prevent an Iranian army coup in return for ending Soviet influence and disruption of Iranian oil to the West - and he ran a lemonade stand as a kid? On Jan. 8 (1:00 a.m.) the French tanker Betelgeuse explodes at the Gulf Oil Whiddy Island terminal in Bantry, West Cork, Ireland, killing 50. On Jan. 9 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 6-3 in Colautti v. Franklin that a state cannot require a physician to try to save the life of a fetus; on July 2 it rules 8-1 in Bellotti v. Baird that states cannot require unmarried underage girls to get permission from their parents or even a court judge before having abortions. On Jan. 9 William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (1946-) becomes gov. #40 of Ark (salary $35K a year) (until Jan. 19, 1981), getting in again as gov. #42 on Jan. 11, 1983 to Dec. 12, 1992; when he loses his reelection bid in 1980, Bill cries like a baby, and after perhaps blaming herself, Hillary quits using the name Hillary Rodham and goes by the name Mrs. Clinton or Hillary Rodham Clinton, eventually becoming so famous she can go by the name Hillary. On Jan. 10 after visiting Libya last year, Jimmy Carter's doofus redneck "first brother" William Alton "Billy" Carter III (1937-88) makes allegedly anti-Semitic public remarks, stinking them both up; "The only thing I can say is there is a hell of a lot more Arabians than there is Jews"; Billy eventually registers as a foreign agent of the Libyan govt., receiving a $200K loan and/or $2M payoff, causing the Billygate scandal, resulting in a U.S. Senate hearing on alleged influence peddling - what does sprechen sie Deutsch mean in German? On Jan. 11 Jewish-Am. U.S. surgeon gen. #12 (1977-81) Julius Benjamin Richmond (1916-2008) releases Healthy People: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, an updated version of the 1964 report by surgeon gen. Luther Terry, containing overwhelming evidence that cigarette smoking is "hazardous to your health". On Jan. 15 the Soviet Union vetoes a U.N. proposal calling for withdrawal of Vietnamese troops from Cambodia. On Jan. 16 a 6.9 earthquake in E Iran kills 1K. On Jan. 16 wealthy Dallas, Tex.-born oilman William Perry "Bill" Clements (1917-2011) becomes Repub. Tex. gov. #42 (until Jan. 18, 1983); becoming the first Repub. Tex. gov. since Reconstruction; on Jan. 16, 1979 he becomes the first Tex. gov. to be elected to multiple terms since the 1972 change in the Tex. Constitution to extend terms to four years, serving as gov. #44 until Jan. 15, 1991; too bad, in 1987 he is involved in the payment of players during the SMU (Southern Methodist U.) Mustangs Football Scandal, leading to the NCAA giving the death penalty to the program and univ. On Jan. 16 18-y.-o. Ukrainian woman Lillian Gasinskaya (1960-) jumps from a Russian ship in Sydney Harbour wearing only a red bikini in a bid to defect to the West. On Jan. 18 an Islamic terrorist bomb explodes in a marketplace in Jerusalem, injuring 21, causing the Israeli military to stage a retaliatory strike into Lebanon on Jan. 19, killing 40 Palestinians, causing Palestinian shelling across the border, which ends with a truce on Jan. 24; too bad, in early May Palestinian guerrillas attack an Israeli settlmenet, causing 400 Israeli troops to chase them into Lebanon with tanks and armored cars. On Jan. 19 former U.S. atty.-gen. John N. Mitchell is released on parole after serving 19 mo. at a federal prison in Ala. OOn Jan. 21 Super Bowl XIII (13) is held in Miami, Fla.; the Pittsburgh Steelers (AFC) defeat the Dallas Cowboys (NFC) 35-31 in a nail-biter as the Cowboys score 14 consecutive points but can't recover a 2nd onside kick with 22 sec. left; Dallas tight end Jackie Larue Smith (1940-) drops a 10-yard TD pass from Roger Staubach with the Steelers leading 21-14 in the 3rd quarter; MVP is Steelers' QB Terry Paxton Bradshaw (1948-), whom a week earlier Cowboys linebacker Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson (1953-) described as so dumb that he couldn't spell "cat" if you spotted him the "c" and the "a". n Jan. 21 On Jan. 21 Neptune becomes the outermost planet as Pluto moves closer to the Sun (ends 1999). On Jan. 22 Abu Hassan (Ali Hassan Salameh) (b. 1963), the alleged planner of the 1972 Munich raid is killed by a bomb in Beirut; Yasser Arafat comments "We lost a lion" - set by Israelis as in Steven Spielberg's 2005 film "Munich"? On Jan. 22 a fire at a home for the elderly in Virrat, Finland kills 26. On Jan. 25 Robert Williams (b. 1954) is killed by a robot at the Ford Motor Co. factory in Mich. (first-ever?); a jury awards the manufacturer of the 1-ton robot to pay the family $10M; in 1981 Kenji Urada (1944-81) is killed by a mistah robahto at the Kawasaki plant in Japan, becoming #2. On Jan. 26 U.S. Repub. vice-pres. (1974-7) Nelson A. Rockefeller (b. 1908) dies in New York City. On Jan. 26 (Fri.) Guy Waldron's comedy sitcom The Dukes of Hazzard debuts on CBS-TV for 145 episodes (until Feb. 8, 1985), based on the 1975 film "Moonrunners", featuring the eye-grabbing short shorts (later called "Daisy Dukes") worn by long-legged Daisy Duke, played by Catherine Bach (Bachman) (1954-) (who also wears a belly-baring T-shirt with "Boars Nest" on the front), and car stunts in the red clays of Jawjah by a fleet of 1969 Dodge Chargers (called the General Lee) driven by tight-butted young blonde Bo Duke, played by John Richard Schneider (1960-), and brunette Luke Duke, played by Thomas Steven "Tom" Wopat (1951-); also stars Denver Dell Pyle (1920-97) as Uncle Jesse Duke, Sorrell Booke (1930-94) as Boss Jefferson Davis "J.D." Hogg, and James Best (Jewel Franklin Guy) (1926-2015) as bumbling Sheriff Rosco Purvis Coltrane; on Nov. 12, 1980 the spinoff Enos debuts on CBS-TV for 18 episodes (unil May 20, 1981), starring Otis Burt "Sonny" Shroyer Jr. (1935-) as Hazzard County deputy Enos Strate, who joins the LAPD, and partners with Turk Adams, played by Samuel E. Wright (1946-). On Jan. 28 The Wiz closes at Majestic Theatre in New York City after 1,672 performances. On Jan. 29 Pres. Jimmy Carter commutes the sentence of newspaper heiress Patty Hearst from 7 to 2 years, and on Feb. 1 she leaves a federal prison at Pleasanton, Calif. near San Francisco. On Jan. 29 Pres. Carter formally welcomes 5'0" Chinese vice-PM Deng Xiaoping (1904-97) to the White House, after which he travels to Tex. and dons a 10-gal. hat for a rodeo, and visits the NASA Space Center in Houston, Tex. trying out a flight simulator, becoming the first visit of a Chinese head of state to the barbaric U.S. before returning to China and cracking down on dissidents who got ideas; the real goal is to open the U.S. to Chinese exports and set it up for a titanic invasion of cheap products that made the old days of Japanese imports look like nothing? - I like Chinese take-out? On Jan. 29 (Mon.) 16-y.-o. Brenda Ann Spencer (1962-) shoots and kills principal Burton Wagg and head custodian Mike Suchar at Cleveland Elementary School in San Diego, Calif. across the street from her house with her father's rifle, and wounds eight students and a police officer; when asked whom she wanted to shoot, she replies "I like red and blue jacket"; when asked why, she replies "I don't like Mondays - this livens up the day"; she gets 25 years to life in priz after claiming she was under the influence of alcohol and PCP; inspires the Bob Geldorf and the Boomtown Rats song I Don't Like Mondays. On Jan. 30 the civilian govt. of Iran announces that it has decided to allow Muslim Shiite ultra-fundamentalist Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (1902-89) to return from 15 years of exile in Paris, and on Feb. 1 (9:33 a.m. local time) (which becomes an annual celebration) he lands in Tehran to cheering crowds who believe him to be the Islamic hidden imam or Shiite messiah, while Commies believe he's one of them because of his cryptic statements incl. "In a truly Islamic society, there will be no landless peasants", and his claims to back the mostazafin (oppressed masses), plus the popularity of "Red Shiite" Ali Shariati (1933-77), and the U.S. govt. believes that he won't become Iran's Archbishop Makarios but will hole-up in the Shiite holy city of Qum while letting Iran have a parliamentary democracy; on Feb. 3 he creates the Council of the Islamic Rev.; on Feb. 7 his supporters take over govt. bldgs. while the final session of the nat. assembly is held; on Feb. 10 the army mutinies and joins the rev.; on Feb. 11 the Islamic Uprising of Khurdad 15 sees Khomeini's supporters route the elite Imperial Guard and cause PM (since Jan. 4) Shahpur Bakhtiar to resign, and Khomeini seizes power, ending autocratic rule after 2.5K years and erecting a theocracy with Sharia Law, with thousands killed throughout the year in rioting and mass executions, and troops sent by Khomeini to crush Kurdish guerrillas seeking autonomy; the Communists applaud the takeover at first, but by 1983 all the real rev. gains of workers and peasants are destroyed by the new regime, which also outlaws the pesky Bahai (Baha'i) Muslim sect; Khomeini sets up the Rev. Guards (Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Rev.) and the Basij-e Mostaz'afin ("Mobilization of the Oppressed") paramilitary militia; meanwhile the rev. drives U.S. gasoline prices from 63 to 86 cents per gal. On Jan. 31 the govt. of Italian PM (since 1976) Giulio Andreotti falls after the Communists withdraw from the 5-party parliamentary majority coalition. On Jan. 31 British public sector workers strike over a 5% limit on pay raises, becoming known as "the winter of discontent". On Jan. 31 the Morichjhapi Massacre sees police under orders of PM Jyoti Basu open fire on a refugee settlement on Morichjhapi Island in Sundarbans ("beautiful forest") at the mouth of the Ganges River in West Bengal, India, killing hundreds and evicting thousands; the govt. tries a coverup, claiming only 36 were killed. In Jan. JFK assassination survivor John B. Connally of Tex. announces his candidacy for U.S. pres. as a Repub. candidate; too bad, although he raises the most money of any candidate, he can't overtake frontrunner Ronald Reagan, and withdraws after losing S.C. by 55%-30% and obtaining only the support of one delegate, Mrs. Ada Mills of Ark., who becomes known as the "$11 million delegate" since that's how much he spent; he then endorses Reagan and helps him defeat George H.W. Bush in Tex. In Jan. Shuaib Abdul Raheem (Gary Earl Robinson) (1950-) and three other members of the Muslim separatist Dar ul-Islam Mosque in Brooklyn, N.Y. take over a John & Al's Sporting Goods store in Williamsburg, Brooklyn to steal firearms for a "war on injustices against Muslims" (jihad), taking hostages and killing NYPD officer Stephen Gilroy, whose body remains on location for the duration of the 2-day siege; on June 4, 2010 during Obama Time Raheem is granted parole, outraging the public. In Jan. Concerned Women for Am. (CWA) is founded in San Diego, Calif. by Beverly LaHaye (1929-), wife of Christian evangelist Timothy F. "Tim" LaHaye (1926-) to combat NOW and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), growing to 500K members in all 50 states. On Feb. 1 Patty Hearst is released from prison after Pres. Carter commutes her sentence - how much was the payoff? On Feb. 1 Abdi Ipekci (b. 1929), ed. of the daily "Milliyet" newspaper is murdered in Istanbul after pub. articles implicating high-ranking govt. officials in heroin smuggling; on June 25 B ulgarian-trained Muslim Turkish Kurdistani militant Mehmet Ali Agca (1958-) is arrested for the murder and given a life sentence, then escapes a maximum security prison in Nov. with the help of the Grey Wolves, then tortures and kills the informant in Istanbul in Dec. and flees to Bulgaria, going on to be involved in more terrorist fun incl. with the pope in 1981. On Feb. 2 Greece passes a law allowing a spouse who has been separated for more than 6 years to obtain a divorce without the other's consent. On Feb. 2 Sex Pistols punk band bassist Sid Vicious (Simon John Ritchie/Beverley) (b. 1955) dies of a heroin OD after his heroin-addicted girlfriend "Nauseating" Nancy Laura Spungen (1958-78) is found stabbed to death next to the toilet in their hotel room on Oct. 12, 1978 with his "007" hunting knife, and he is charged with her vicious murder; he just made $50K bail and threw a party in his flat. On Feb. 4 in Peru police storm the union-held Cromotex textile factory in Lima; union leader Nestor Cerpa is jailed for a year. On Feb. 5 the Washington, D.C. Tractorcade sees 6K family farmers drive their tractors to Washington, D.C. to protest farm policy, and get herded into the Nat. Mall by police; too bad, they arrive during a snowstorm, causing their tractors to be turned into snowplows. On Feb. 7 Josef Mengele (b. 1911), the "Angel of Death" of the Nazi concentration camps allegedly drowns after a stroke in the Atlantic (not a swimming stroke?), and is secretly buried in another man's grave in Brazil - did you only dance on this Earth for a short while? On Feb. 7 Rosalynn Carter testifies before the Senate Labor and Human Resources committee on behalf of the mentally ill, becoming the first First Lady to testify before Congress since Eleanor Roosevelt on Jan. 14, 1942; she does it again on Apr. 30 to the House Science and Technology Committee. On Feb. 7 Stephen Stills becomes the first rock performer to record on digital equipment in the Record Plant Studio in Los Angeles, Calif. On Feb. 8 Congolese Labour Party head Gen. Denis Sassou Nguesso (1943-) of the Mbochi tribe becomes pres. of the People's Repub. of the Congo (until Aug. 31, 1992), adopting a Socialist constitution and strengthening relations with the Soviet Union. On Feb. 9 Nat. Liberation Front secy.-gen. Chadli Benjedid (1929)- becomes pres. of Algeria (until Jan. 11, 1992) in a smooth transition of power after the death of Pres. Boumedienne. On Feb. 9 the Greek parliament passes a law permitting divorce on the grounds of six years' separation on the petition of only one spouse, pissing-off the Greek Orthodox Church. On Feb. 10 the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City announces the first major theft in its 110-year history, a $150K 2.5K-y.-o. Greek marble head. On Feb. 12 the Battle of N'Djamena in Chad begins as PM Hissene Habre allied with Goukouni Oueddei try to overthrow pres. Felix Malloum, causing the southern-dominated govt. to disintegrate; in Mar. after Libya invades Chad, rival groups meeting in Lagos, Nigeria agree to form a provisional govt. headed by N Chad Muslim rebel leader Goukouni Oueddei (1944-) (until June 7, 1982). On Feb. 13 the 80-105 mph W Wash. Windstorm sinks a 1/2-mi.-long section of the Hood Canal Floating Bridge. On Feb. 14 Adolph "Spike" Dubs (b. 1920), Russian-speaking U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan is kidnapped in Kabul by Muslim extremists, and later killed in a shootout with the police. On Feb. 14 armed guerrillas attack the U.S. embassy in Tehran. On Feb. 14 Walter Carlos (1939-), co-designer of the Moog Synthesizer, and famous for the 1968 album Switched-on Bach legally changes her name to Wendy, coming out of seven years of seclusion and revealing her sex change and new name in a spread in the May issue of Playboy mag. - switched on Bach? On Feb. 15 Paul Shirley of Australia enters the Guinness Book of Records by sucking a lifesaver for 4 hrs 40 mins - a real fluffer? On Feb. 15 a gas explosion in a Warsaw bank kills 49. On Feb. 16 Iranian gen. Nematollah Nassiri (b. 1911), head of the secret service Savak since 1965 (who delivered the arrest warrant for PM Mohammed Mossadegh in 1953, and who has been imprisoned since last year) is executed by firing squad after a summary trial; his predecessor Gen. Hassan Pakravan (b. 1911) is executed on Apr. 11 despite having saved Khomeini's life in 1963. On Feb. 16 Princeton prof. Richard Falk pub. an op-ed in the New York Times under the title "Trusting Khomeini", with the soundbyte: "The depiction of [Khomeini] as fanatical, reactionary and the bearer of crude prejudices seems certainly and happily false. What is also encouraging is that his entourage of close advisors is uniformly composed of moderate, progressive individuals." On Feb. 17 in response to its occupation of Cambodia, China invades North Vietnam in the short and bloody "pedagogical" Sino-Vietnamese War, withdrawing on Mar. 16, with both sides claiming a V, although Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia continues, becoming the last war in Indochina in the 20th cent. On Feb. 17 Iran announces that starting Mar. 5 it will resume oil exports at a 30% higher price than set by OPEC in Dec. 1978; production is only 3.4M barrels this year, compared to 5.4M last year, hurting the U.S., which had been importing 900K barrels from Iran a day, 6% of total imports. On Feb. 18, 1979 snow falls in the Sahara Desert in Ain Sefra, NW Algeria ("Gateway to the Desert") for the first time in recorded history; it lasts for 30 min.; next time Jan. 20, 2017. On Feb. 18 Antiques Roadshow debuts on BBC-TV, a travelling show were locals bring in the junk from their attic and have it appraised by experts, sometimes with startling results. On Feb. 19 live coverage of the U.S. House of Reps. begins. On Feb. 19 U.S. writer-activist Richard Anderson Falk (1930-) stinks himself up with a letter to the New York Times called "Trusting Khomeini", with the soundbyte: "The depiction of Khomeini as fanatical, reactionary and the bearer of crude prejudices seems certainly and happily false... To suppose that Ayatollah Khomeini is dissembling seems almost beyond belief... Having created a new model of popular revolution based, for the most part, on nonviolent tactics, Iran may yet provide us with a desperately-needed model of humane governance for a third-world country." On Feb. 22 St. Lucia gains full independence from Britain, with Sir John George Melvin Compton (1925-2007) as PM #1 (until July 2); he goes on to become PM #5 from May 3, 1982 to Apr. 2, 1996 and #8 from Dec. 1, 2006 to Sept. 7, 2007. On Feb. 22 St. Kitts and Nevis gains full independence from Britain after 108 years (1871). On Feb. 24 the North-South Yemen Border War begins as the People's Dem. Repub. of South Yemen is proclaimed, becoming the only Marxist state in the Arab world, and 3K Cuban and Soviet troops arrive; meanwhile the U.S. sends $390M in military aid along with advisors to North Yemen (Yemen Arab Repub.), and dispatches a naval force to the Arabian Sea, after which both sides agree to a ceasefire, and in Mar. the heads of state meet in Kuwait to discuss unification, which Saudi Arabia opposes since it would make Yemen a rival, but after the Marxist leadership of South Yemen self-destructs in 1986, they finally unite on May 22, 1990; a Yemeni-Saudi Border Treaty isn't signed until July 12, 2000. On Feb. 24 NASA launches its P78-1 Solwind satellite to study solar coronal radiaton; it is shot down on Sept. 13, 1985 by the USAF to test anti-satellite weapon technology despite criticism by scientists as too valuable to be wasted - you would weep, my little one? On Feb. 25 Soyuz 32, carrying cosmonauts Vladimir Afanasiyevich Lyakhov (1941-) and Valery Victorovich Ryumin (1939-) blasts off, who spend a record 175 days in space on Salyut 6, and spend their time sans visitors because of failure of the visiting crew from Soyuz 33, launched on Apr. 10, incl. Georgi Ivanov (Kakalov) (1940-) (first Bulgarian in space) and Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov (1932-2002) to dock, followed by the sending of the unmanned Soyuz 34 craft on June 6 as a replacement return vehicle. On Feb. 26 a total solar eclipse casts a moving shadow 175 mi. wide from Ore. to N.D. before moving into N Canada; the last total solar eclipse of the 20th cent. for the continental U.S. (until 2017). On Feb. 27 after being fired as head of consumer affairs in 1977 for accusing him of making a "backroom deal" to increase cab fares 12%, Chicago, Ill.-born Jane Margaret Byrne (1934-) beats Chicago's Dem. political machine and upsets mayor Michael A. Bilandic to win the mayoral primary; on Apr. 3 she defeats Repub. Wallace D. Johnson, and on Apr. 16 is sworn-in as Chicago mayor #40 (until Apr. 29, 1983). On Feb. 27 the Algerian-backed Polisario Front proclaims Western Sahara independent, but that doesn't stop Morocco from annexing two-thirds of it on Apr. 14 after a 2nd coup in Mauritania on Apr. 6 led by Lt. Col. Ahmed Ould Bouceif (1934-79) and Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah (1940-) reduces Mustapha Ould Salek to a figurehead pres., then replaces him on June 3 with Lt. Col. Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly (1943-) (until Jan. 4, 1980); on Aug. 5 Mauritania signs a peace agreement with the Polisario Front in the S part, renounces territorial claims and pulls out troops, leaving Morocco to occupy and control the whole territory if it can. On Feb. 27 the Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans, La. is canceled due to a police dept. strike. On Feb. 28 Mr. Ed, TV's talking horse (who replaced Bamboo Harvester, who died in 1970) dies; his last words: "Whinny!" - grief over the ailing Duke? In Feb. Congo-Brazzaville pres. (since 1977) Gen. Joachim Yhombi Opango is forced to resign after being accused of trying to firm a "rightist faction" in the ruling Congolese Labour Party (PCT), and put under house arrest, his property confiscated, and expelled from the PCT next year, getting demoted to private in Oct. 1979; he is released in Nov. 1984. In Feb. Texas Pacific Group buys Del Monte Corp. and takes it private. In Feb. the 11-man IRA Shankill Butchers, known for torturing their victims with butcher knives are sentenced to life in priz for 19 murders. On Mar. 1 deputy PM Deng Xiaoping visits the U.S. as embassies open in the capitals of China and the U.S.; on his return, 200K-300K Chinese troops invade Vietnam to avenge alleged violations of Chinese territory and retaliate for Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia; on Mar. 8 China withdraws them. On Mar. 1 Scotland narrowly votes for home rule, which is not implemented, while Wales votes against it. On Mar. 1 Kurdish Dem. Party leader (since 1946) Mustafa Barzani (b. 1903) dies in Washington, D.C. while in exile in Iran, and his son Massoud Barzani (1946-) becomes head of the Kurdish Dem. Party (until ?). On Mar. 4 Voyager 1 flies by Jupiter and reveals a faint ring system; Voyager 2 arrives July 9; together they take more than 33K pictures. On Mar. 10 15K women march on the Palace of Justice in Tehran, Iran to protest Ayatollah Khomeini's reversal of women's equality gained under the shah's regime back to 1907, incl. mandatory wearing of the chandor heavy veil in public and removal of women from govt. jobs. On Mar. 13 the European Monetary System is established. On Mar. 13 Grenadan PM #1 (since 1974) Sir Eric Matthew Gairy is overthrown while out of the country addressing the U.N. by the New Jewel Movement, led by Maurice Rupert Bishop (1944-83), who accuses Gairy of fiscal irresponsibility, suspends the constitution, sets up the People's Rev. Govt. (PRG) with himself as PM, and rules by decree until 1983, ruling with an iron hand while cultivating ties with Cuba, which finances a new internat. airport, pissing-off U.S. Pres. Ronald Reagan, who accuses it of being a waypoint for Soviet military aircraft. On Mar. 14 a Hawker Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, China, killing all 12 crew plus 32 on the ground. On Mar. 15 Gen. Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (1918-99) becomes pres. of Brazil (until Mar. 15, 1985), and pledges a return to democracy in 1985. On Mar. 17 the Penmanshiel Tunnel (ooened 1846) near Grantshouse, Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders region of Scotland collapses, killing two workers, after which it is sealed. On Mar. 18 Iranian authorities detain Am. feminist Kate Millett (1934-) (author of the 1970 bestseller "Sexual Politics") a day before deporting her and a companion for what they call "provocations", i.e., working for women's rights. On Mar. 18 battles between Kurds and Iranians begin in Sananday (Sanandaj), Iran. On Mar. 18 a methane gas explosion at Golborne Colliery near Wigan, Lancashire kills 10 of 11 miners. On Mar. 19 Ind.-born journalist Brian Patrick Lamb (1941-) founds C-SPAN (Cable Satellite Public Affairs Network), bringing full TV coverage of the U.S. Congress to cable TV, starting with a speech by Dem. House rep. Al Gore from Tenn.; viewership grows from 3.5M to 90M households by the end of the cent.; full-time operations begin on Sept. 14, 1982; in 1986 cameras are allowed onto the Senate floor; C-SPAN 2 debuts on June 2, 1986, followed by C-SPAN 3 on Jan. 22, 2001. On Mar. 21 the Egyptian Parliament unanimously approves the peace treaty with Israel, followed on Mar. 22 by the Israeli Parliament; on Mar. 26 Israeli PM Menachem Begin and Egypt's Anwar Sadat sign the Egypt-Israel (Camp David) Peace Treaty in the White House, ending 31 years of hostilities; on Mar. 31 the madder-than-hell 18 nations of the Arab League sever all ties with Egypt and impose an economic boycott, and the PLO splits over the treaty, while Egypt's neighbors stage demonstrations, strikes and bombings in protest; the 14km Philadelphi Corridor is put under Israeli control to stop weapons from being smuggled into the Gaza Straip from Egypt - the Sharif don't like it, rock the cashbah? On Mar. 22 the IRA assassinates Sir Richard Sykes (b. 1921), British ambassador to the Netherlands in The Hague, while exploding 24 bombs throughout Northern Ireland. On Mar. 25 NASA Space Shuttle Columbia is delivered to the Kennedy Space Center to be prepped for its first launch. On Mar. 27 the U.S. Supreme Court rules 8-1 that police cannot stop motorists at random to check licenses and registrations unless there is reason to believe a law has been broken - the legislators go to work to make more laws so they always have some excuse - I got it, how about not fastening your seat belt, or having an air freshener hanging from your rear-view mirror? On Mar. 27 Iraqi dictator Sodamn Insane holds a private Meeting on Israel with high-level officials, calling for a long grinding war and deciding to obtain nukes from "our Soviet friends" to counteract Israeli nuclear effects so that the war can drag on with 50K Iraqi casualties. On Mar. 28 "Slowhand" rocker Eric Clapton (1945-) marries Patti Boyd (1944-), ex-wife (1966-77) of Beatle George Harrison in Tucson, Ariz. (until 1988). On Mar. 28 after the "winter of discontent" (6 weeks of widespread labor strikes, helped by the London Sun), British PM (since 1976) James Callaghan of the Labour Party loses a vote of confidence by 1 vote (first time since 1924), and resigns on Mar. 29; on May 3 the 1979 British gen. election sees Conservative (Tory) Party leader Margaret Hilda Thatcher (nee Roberts) (1925-2013) elected, becoming Britain's and Europe's first female PM on May 4 (until Nov. 28, 1990) (8th PM under Elizabeth II), and her party wins 339 of 646 seats, a 43-seat majority, largest by any party since 1966; she initiates radical conservative policies which become known as Thatcherism, curtailing the welfare state, privatizing nationalized industries, curbing trade unions, and practicing strict monetarism, bringing the inflation rate down to 5% in her first term, while unemployment rises to 14%. A tiny incident is seized on by environmentalists to stop the true solution to fossil fuels? On Mar. 28 (4:00 a.m. EST) there is a little ole accident at the new Metropolitan Edison Co. Three Mile Island Nuclear Station in Dauphin County near Harrisburg and Middletown, Penn. when the Unit Two reactor almost melts down after losing cooling water, dumping tons of water into an auxiliary bldg. through an improperly open valve, causing 144K to be evacuated despite little radiation being released; Pres. Carter tours the facility on Apr. 1 along with Penn. gov. Dick Thornburgh; the bad publicity causes 11 nuclear reactor projects in the U.S. to be canceled this year, and no new construction is announced until 2010; on May 6 125K march in Washington, D.C. to oppose nuclear power and nuclear weapons; other nations incl. the Soviet Union, Japan and France continue to build them; it costs $1B and takes until 1993 to remove the damaged nuclear fuel - are people living downwind inflicted with increased cancer rates, or was this a staged disaster to test the fledgling FEMA? On Mar. 29 Sultan Yahya Petra of Kelantan (b. 1917) dies, and Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (1930-) becomes king (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) #7 of Malaysia (until Apr. 25, 1984). On Mar. 30 an IRA car bomb kills Conservative British MP (since 1953) Airey Middleton Sheffield Neave (b. 1916), Tory spokesman on Northern Ireland as he enters the House Of Commons grounds, becoming the first MP assassination in over a cent. On Mar. 31 the last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands after 179 years of occupation, causing Malta to declare Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien); on Apr. 1 the last British warship leaves Malta - they found it of no more valletta? On Mar. 31 in reponse to the Three Mile Island accident, Pres. Carter issues Executive Order 12127, followed on July 20 by Executive Order 12148, creating the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), consolidating 100+ federal agencies that handle disasters and emergencies, with 2.5K employees and 5K standby reservists by the end of the cent. - a conspiracy to create an all-powerful federal super-govt. with a feminine-sounding acronym? In Mar. the bimonthly mag. All About Beer is founded in Los Angeles, Calif. by Mike Bosak et al., targeting beer consumers of esp. microbrews, featuring the column "Jackon's Journal" by beer expert Michael Jackson in 1984-2007, growing to 46K subscribers by 2016; in 1992 it is acquired by Great Am. Beer Festival co-founder Daniel Bradford, who moves it to Durham, N.C.; in 1995 it begins pub. the beer sampling results of the Beverage Testing Inst. (BTI) (later Tastings.com); in 1997 it launches a Web site. On Apr. 1 after a 98% vote, Iran proclaims itself the Islamic Repub. of Iran (until ?); the shah's program of family planning is abolished; Ayatollah Khomeini closes the shah's nuclear program closed down as "the work of the Devil", then has it reopened after Iraq invades Iran with Western backing - which proves that it was never about unneeded nuclear energy, only nukes? On Apr. 1 18-y-o. Andreas Mihavecz (1961-) is taken into custody by Austrian police for being a passenger in a crashed car, then thrown in jail sans food and water and forgotten about until Apr. 18, when he is found barely alive, setting a world record for survival; the three pigs who did it get off with a 4K DM fine, but are later ordered to pay 250K Schillings (19K Euros). On Apr. 1 Nickelodeon Network (Nick) (originally the Pinwheel Network) debuts in Ohio as a block of syndicated shows on the Qube Network, and by the mid-1990s it's cable's top-rated network for kids, adults and tweeners. On Apr. 2 Israeli PM Menachem Begin visits Cairo and meets with pres. Anwar Sadat. On Apr. 2 there is an outbreak of anthrax near the Soviet city of Sverdlovsk (Ekaterinburg) in the Urals, killing 66 plus several livestock; the govt. claims it is caused by contaminated meat; in 1992 Boris N. Yeltsin admits that it came from a biological weapons facility called Compound 19. On Apr. 4 the Yorkshire Ripper claims his 11th victim, in Halifax, England; for the 1st time the victim is not a prostitute. On Apr. 4 despite internat. pressure and pleas by Pope John Paul II, Pres. Carter, and other world leaders, former Pakistani PM (1973-3) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (b. 1928) is hanged in Rawalpindi, followed by violent protests throughout Pakistan; his eldest child Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007) c arries on, becoming leader of his center-left Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). On Apr. 5 Pres. Carter announcies that he is decontrolling domestic oil prices to allow U.S. producers to compete with a new OPEC base price of $14.54 per barrel, with price controls of 80% of marginal U.S. oil wells to end on June 1; he also proposes a windfall profits tax on oil cos., and an energy security fund for low-income familes, public transportation, and R&D on alternative energy sources; meanwhile U.S. motorists experience long lines and short supplies at gas stations through summer. On Apr. 6 the U.S. cuts off aid to Pakistan because of that country's covert construction of a uranium enrichment facility. On Apr. 7 the separatist Socialist United Liberation Front of Asom in NE is founded. On Apr. 8 the 204th and final episode of All in the Family is aired. On Apr. 9 the 51st Academy Awards in Los Angeles, hosted by Johnny Carson (first of 5x) awards the best picture Oscar for 1978 to Universal's (Michael Cimino Productions) The Deer Hunter, along with best dir. to Michael Cimino, and best supporting actor to Christopher Walken; best actor and best actress go to Jon Voight and Jane Fonda for Coming Home, and best supporting actress to Maggie Smith for California Suite. On Apr. 10 (Terrible Tues.) a F4 tornado in Wichita Falls, Tex. kills 42 and damages 2K bldgs.; there are 26 tornadoes that day in Tex. and Okla., which kill 60, injure 900, and cause $400M damage. On Apr. 10 after Taiwan goes off the U.S. official map because of Pres. Carter's "One China" policy, and Congress over his objections overwhelmingly passes it, Pres. Carter signs the U.S.-Taiwan Relations Act, authorizing quasi-diplomatic relations via the Am. Inst. in Taipei, Taiwan, in the former U.S. embassy bldg., which becomes a de facto embassy, becoming the first domestic U.S. law governing relations with a foreign nation; on July 7 the U.S.-China Trade Agreement guaranteeing U.S. action in the event of an attack on the island, and providing for the continuation of arms sales, trade, and other relations through an Am. Inst. in Taipei;; the agreement grants China most-favored nation status, causing Chinese imports to reach $600M next year and $4B in 1980; despite claiming that all obligations made with it before this year are still valid, Carter unilaterally terminates the Dec. 2, 1954 Sino-Am. Mutual Defense Treaty, pissing-off conservatives led by Ariz. Sen. Barry Goldwater, causing a court battle decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Goldwater v. Carter, which decides not to decide it because it's a political not judicial matter. On Apr. 10-11 Idi Amin is deposed as pres. (since 1971) of Uganda as rebels and exiles backed by Tanzanian forces sent by Julius Nyerere seize control of Kampala, causing him to flee to Libya followed by Saudi Arabia after ordering several ministers and other officials executed, incl. the Anglican archbishop, chief justice, gov. of the Bank of Uganda, and the chancellor of Makerere U., then keeping their heads in his freezer for display to dinner guests; he leaves Uganda $250M in debt with only $200K in foreign exchange remaining in the central bank; during his regime he has killed up to 300K Christians in an 85% Christian country in preference to his own Muslim Kakwa and other tribes; on Apr. 13 Tanzania puts their puppet Yusuf(u) Kironde Lule (1912-85) in power as pres. of Uganda; on June 20 he is replaced by Godfrey Lukongwa Binaisa (1920-2010) as pres. #5 of Uganda (until May 12, 1980); Lule jois the Uganda Freedom Fighters (UFF), which joins the Popular Resistance Army (PRA) of Yoweri Museveni in 1981 and overthrows Tito Lutwa Okello in 1986. On Apr. 11 Chinese diplomats to Cambodia cross into Thailand after a 15-day, 125-mi. escape from the Vietnamese Army. On Apr. 15 the 7.0 1979 Montenegro Earthquake in Yugoslavia, destroying the town of Budva, and killing 136. On Apr. 17 a Palestinian terrorist attack at the airport in Brussels, Belgium is foiled by Israeli security agents waiting for the arrival of an El Al flight with 160 passengers. On Apr. 17 the IRA detonates a 1000 lb. bomb, killing four policemen in troubles-plagued Bessbrook, County Armagh Northern Ireland, their most powerful bomb yet. Carter's freeze-frame image is made by a rabbit? On Apr. 17 school children in the Central African Repub. protest compulsory school uniforms, and are arrested, with 100 massacred under orders of emperor Jean-Bedel Bokassa. On Apr. 20 Pres. Carter is attacked by a hissing, gnashing, dog-paddling killer rabbit (swamp rabbit) while fishing in Plains, Ga., and uses his paddle to shoo it away from his small boat, giving the press a field day after a White House photographer snaps it - the lone rabbit theory? On Apr. 20 after they curtail his commentary, veteran ABC-TV news analyst Howard K. Smith (1914-2002) leaves his resignation on the bulletin board in Washington, D.C. and goes on permanent vacation - to hunt rabbits? On Apr. 23 the Southall Race Riots sees street fighting erupt between the Anti-Nazi League, the right-wing Nat. Front over Asian immigration, causing the Metropolitan Police Special Patrol Group to move in, killing Kiwi-born Anti-Nazi League protester Blair Peach with their billy clubs, after which none of them are charged; 40 are injured, incl. 21 police, and 300 arrests are made. On Apr. 26 First Lady Rosalynn Carter addresses women in New York City, urging those in state legislatures to work for male support for the ERA, and to "put the heat on your senators" to nominate women federal judges. On Apr. 27 in exchange for the release of Soviet spies, the Soviets release Jewish dissidents Aleksander Ilyich Ginzburg (1936-2002), Mark Dymshitz (1927-), Eduard S. Kuzentsov (1939-), Valentyn Moroz (1936-), and Baptist Rev. Georgi Petrovich Vins (1928-98), who are all flown to the U.S. to they can emigrate to Israel. On Apr. 29 a runoff in Ecuador elects Jaime Roldos (Roldós) (1940-81) as pres.#33 of Ecuador, backed by a "center leftist" coalition known as the Concentration of Popular Forces; he is sworn-in on Aug. 10 (until May 24, 1981). On Apr. 29 a U.S. federal law takes effect prohibiting employers from discriminating against pregnant or disabled employees. In Apr. the Soviet Microbiology and Virology Inst. in Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Russia accidentally releases dry anthrax spores, containing a 3km radius and killing thousands, causing a govt. coverup. In Apr. the Japanese TV series Gundam debuts (until ?), becoming a hit as the Japanese people embrace the idea of giant robots (mecha) run by human operators saving humanity, spawning the Diaclone toy line in 1980, followed by the Transformers toy line in 1984; in 2009 a 50-ft. Gundam statue is erected in the center of Tokyo as part of its 2016 Olympics bid. On May 1 Elton John becomes the first Western pop star to perform in the Soviet Union and Israel, accompanied by Ray Cooper. On May 1 Greenland gains home rule, with its own local parliament (the Landsting) replacing the Greenland Provincial Council. On May 1 the Marshall Islands become self-governing. On May 5 Voyager 1 passes Jupiter. On May 8 the Woolworth's in Manchester, England is seriously damaged by fire, killing 10 shoppers. On May 9 a disguised bomb from the Unabomber injures John G. Harris, a Northwestern U. civil engineering graduate student. On May 10 the Federated States of Micronesia become self-governing; on Nov. 3, 1986 they gain independence under a compact of free association with the U.S., with capital at Palikir. On May 13 the Shah and his family are sentenced to death in Tehran. On May 21 former San Francisco City Supervisor Dan White is convicted of voluntary manslaughter in the deaths of Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk by using the Twinkie Defense, that depression caused him to consume too much sugar, sparking the White Night Riots in San Francisco, injuring 140 and causing hundreds of thousands of dollars in property damage, after which police make a retaliatory raid on a gay bar in the gay Castro District, beating several patrons and arresting two dozen; the gay community is now activated bigtime, resulting in the reelection of mayor Dianne Feinstein next Nov., who appoints a pro-gay chief of police and increases recruitment of gays in the police force - he was thinking of another kind of twinkie? On May 22 after failing to solve the country's economic and other problems, Canadian Liberal PM (since Apr. 20, 1968) Pierre Trudeau after 11 years in power loses to the Progressive Conservatives, whose High River, Alberta-born leader (since 1976) Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark (1939-) becomes PM #16 of Canada on June 4 (until Mar. 3, 1980), the youngest ever (until ?), and the first person to defeat Trudeau in a federal election; Trudeau retains his parliamentary seat. On May 23 former Nazi party member Karl Walter Carstens (1914-92) is elected pres. #5 of West Germany; he is sworn in on July 1 (until June 30, 1984). On May 25 Am. Airlines Flight 191 (DC-10) crashes on takeoff at Chicago's O'Hare Airport when an engine falls off, killing all 258 passengers and 13 crew aboard plus two on the ground, becoming the worst U.S. aircraft accident (until ?); on June 6 the FAA orders all 136 domestic DC-10s grounded for an investigation, and bans 143 foreign-operated DC-10s from landing at U.S. aiports; the investigation lasts until July. On May 25 John Arthur Spenkelink (b. 1949) is executed in Fla., becoming the first to die on the electric chair since the death penalty was reintroduced in 1976. On May 26 after setting out from Groton, Conn. in the spring on her final voyage, the USS Nautilus (launched Jan. 21, 1954) reaches Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, Calif., and retires; on Mar. 3, 1980 she is decommissioned after a career spanning 25 years and over 500K mi. steamed; on May 20, 1982 she is designated a Nat. Historic Landmark by the U.S. Secy. of the Interior; following an extensive historic ship conversion at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, she is towed to Groton, Conn., arriving on July 6, 1985; on Apr. 11, 1986, 86 years to the day after the birth of the Submarine Force, Historic Ship Nautilus, joined by the Submarine Force Museum, opens to the public as the first and finest exhibit of its kind in the world,. On May 28 Greece joins the European Common Market - just don't bend over to pick anything up? On May 31 the Norwegian Storting abolishes the death penalty. In May the annual meeting of the Bilderberg Group sees British-Am. historian Bernard Lewis (1916-2018) propose a new British-American strategies of supporting the Muslim Brotherhood, Ayatollah Khomeini, etc., in order to balkanize the Muslim Near East along tribal and religious lines to prevent the godless Soviets from secularizing them and extending its influence; his proposals are adopted whole hog; in 1979 an article in the journal of the Council on Foreign Relations contains the soundbyte about the Arc of Crisis: "The Middle East constitutes its central core. Its strategic position is unequalled: it is the last major region of the Free World directly adjacent to the Soviet Union, it holds in its subsoil about three-fourths of the proven and estimated world oil reserves, and it is the locus of one of the most intractable conflicts of the twentieth century: that of Zionism versus Arab nationalism" -duh, it's about Islam vs. the West, how clueless can you get? On June 1 India forms the Vizianagaram (Vijayanagaram) District in N Andhra Pradesh (pop. 2M). On June 1 after a nearly whites-only referendum on Jan. 30 approves it by 85%, Rhodesia ends 80 years of white rule with a new constitution and a new name, Zimbabwe Rhodesia; the capital Salisbury becomes Harare; all blacks are enfranchised, and guaranteed a black majority in the assembly and senate, with 10 Senate and 28 house seats reserved for the white minority, plus 25% of cabinet positions; on June 1 Methodist bishop Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (1925-2010) becomes PM #1 (until Dec. 11, 1979); Josiah Zion Gumede (1919-89) becomes pres. #1 (until Dec. 12, 1979); on Aug. 5 delegates from 30 Commonwealth countries meet in Lusaka, Zambia and approve a proposal to end the 6-y.-o. civil war in Rhodesia; too bad, Communist rebel leaders Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo denounce the arrangement, and continue their war, and after internat. recognition is denied because they hadn't been included in the elections, on Sept. 10 British Conservative foreign secy. (1979-82) Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington (1919-) holds a conference with them in Lancaster House, Salisbury, and in Dec. they sign the Lancaster House Agreement for new elections in early 1980, ending the civil war for black independence - the people will never vote Commie will they? On June 2 just 8 mo. after his consecration, Pope John Paul II returns to his native Poland for a triumphal 9-day visit (ends June 10), challenging its Communist leaders while urging the people to "not be afraid"; after the big success, the Vatican bankrolls the Solidarity Movement, and Communism in Poland starts to crack. On June 3 the Italian gen. election gives the Christian Dems. 38.3%, the Italian Communists 30.38%, and the Italian Socialist Party 9.8%. On June 3 Ixtoc 1, an exploratory oil well in the S Gulf of Mexico blows, spilling 3.5M barrels (150M gal.) of oil for 9 mo. (until Mar.), spreading up to 600 mi. and becoming the worst oil spill until ?. On June 4 after being sprung from jail, by Flight Lt. Jeremiah John "Jerry" Rawlings (1947-) (an admirer of Muammar al-Gaddafi, who was sprung from custody first) topples the military govt. in Ghana of Lt. Gen. Frede Akuffo, who is executed along with two former chief execs; on Sept. 24 after elections he is succeeded by London School of Economics-educated Hilla Limann (1934-98), who becomes pres. #1 (only) of Ghana's 3rd Repub. (until Dec. 31, 1981), with military leader Rawlings reluctantly handing over power to him - ready to rethink the wing? On June 4 South African pres. #6 (since Oct. 10, 1978) John Vorster resigns after a scandal about covering up govt. funding of secret propaganda efforts in the U.S., and Marais Viljoen (1915-2007) becomes pres. of South Africa (until Sept. 3, 1984). On June 5 Queen Mother Elizabeth is installed as lord warden of the Cinque Ports, giving her the privilege of claiming jetsam and paying for whale burial on England's SE coast. On June 7 India launches its Bhaskara I low orbit Earth observation satellite; Bhaskara II is launched in Nov. 1981. On June 7-10 European electors of nine member states vote for the first European Parliament, with a total of 410 seats up for grabs, becoming the first internat. election in history; the U.K., France, Italy, and West Germany each get 81 seats, Netherlands 25, Belgium 24, Denmark 16, Ireland 15, and Luxembourg 6; in the U.K. with 41.56M votes cast, Conservatives win 60 seats (48.4%), Labour 17 seats (31.6%), and the Liberals no zeats (12.6%); the Scottish Nat. Party wins 1 seat (1.9%), the Dem. Unionist Party wins 1 seat (1.3%), the Socialist Dem. Labour Party wins 1 seat (1.1%), and the Official Ulster Unionist Party wins 1 seat (0.9%); Plaid Cymru wins no seats (0.6%); in Italy the Christian Dems. win 29 seats, the Communists 24 seats, and the Socialists 9 seats. On June 11 five-pack-a-day actor ("the Duke") John Wayne (Marion Robert/Mitchell Morrison) (b. 1907) dies of stomach cancer in Los Angeles at age 72 after starring in a record 153 movies (142 leading roles) from The Dropkick in 1927 to The Shootist in 1976, incl. 14 with dir. and father figure John "Pappy" Ford, playing the lead in all but 11 of them; Ford, a U.S. Navy Cmdr. in WWII lost respect for Wayne in WWII for staying out of the military to film war flicks and make money, treating him in a degrading way off camera and almost losing him to other studios. On June 13 the Sioux Indians are awarded $17.5M plus 5% interest ($105M) in compensation for the 1877 U.S. seizure of the Black Hills in S.D. On June 18 after almost five years of negotiations on the U.S. side by former Navy secy. (1963-7) Paul Henry Nitze (1907-2004), Pres. Carter and Soviet chmn. Leonid Brezhnev sign the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) II agreement in Vienna, setting a ceiling on long-range bombers and missiles, and limiting development to only one new land-based missile system for the duration of the treaty, which expires on Dec. 31, 1985; too bad, Nitze turns against it, believing that the Soviets have developed new WMDs and have aggressive strategies with regard to a nuclear war, founding Team B, a think tank that promotes the concept of the U.S. "window of vulnerability", which is adopted by the Carter and Reagan admin. to justify a massive arms buildup despite lack of real evidence, and causing the U.S. Senate to block ratification of the treaty; meanwhile the U.S. has 2,283 missiles and bombers vs. 2,504 for the Soviet Union; on June 7 Carter approves the $30B MX (LGM-118A Peacekeeper) Missile, a shell-game deployment of large missiles in 8.8K underground shelters connected by railroad track in the deserts of Utah, Nev. et al. in an attempt to survive a Soviet first strike and/or preserve the option of a U.S. first strike, which is deployed starting in 1985, then decommissioned on Sept. 19, 2005 after only 50 missiles are deployed. On June 19 the new 1979 Mali Constitution goes into effect. On June 20 ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart (b. 1941) is shot to death in Managua, Nicaragua along with his interpreter Juan Espinosa by a member of Anastasio Somoza's nat. guard, all captured on tape by the other members of the news crew, giving the opposition big ammo. On June 20 12-y.-o. Robin Samsoe of Huntington Beach, Calif. disappears, her decomposing body found on July 2 in the foothills of Los Angeles; 1978 "Dating Game" contestant Rodney James Alcala (1943-) is tried next year, convicted, and sentenced to death; too bad, his conviction is overturned on a technicality, and he is convicted a 2nd time in 1986, only to have that conviction overturned on another technicality; in 2009 he is convicted of five counts of murder, and sentenced to death on Mar. 9, 2010. On June 24 the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal in Bologna, Italy is founded to provide judgments regarding violations of human rights et al., succeeding the 1967 Russell Internat. War Crimes Tribunal. On June 24 the Toolbox Killers, Lawrence Sigmund Bittaker (1940-2019) and Ray Lewis Norris (1948-2020) torture, rape, and kill their first teenie girl in the San Gabriel Mts. in Southern Calif. using a toolbox containing pliers, ice picks, sledgehammers et al.; on Oct. 31 they do their 5th and last victim; Bittaker is sentenced to death on Mar. 24, 1981, but dies of natural causes in San Quentin Prison death row on Dec. 13, 2019; Norris plea bargains into a life sentence. On June 25 NATO Supreme Allied Cmdr. Alexander Haig escapes an assassination attempt by the Baader-Meinhof terrorist group. On June 27 the U.S. Supreme (Burger) Court by 5-2 definitively supports affirmative action in United Steelworkers v. Weber, ruling that the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act does not bar employers from favoring women and minorities to remedy historical inequities; William Rehnquist writes the dissenting opinion, with Warren E. Burger joining; Lewis F. Powell Jr. and John Paul Stevens recuse themselves. In summer the Disco Sucks Movement is launched by Detroit, Mich. radio DJ Steve Dahl after he gets pissed-off at the Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin being dropped from playlists in favor of the Village People, Donna Summer, and Chic; after being joined by failed rock guitarist Steve Veek, on July 12 Disco Demolition Night at Comiskey Park in Chicago, Ill. during a twi-night doubleheader between the Chicago White Sox and Detroit Tigers sees a crate of disco records blown up on the field before a crowd of 50K, after which thousands of disco haters storm the field until they are dispersed by riot police, forcing the Chicago White Sox to forfeit their game against the Detroit Tigers, symbolizing the coming end of disco. On July 1 Sweden outlaws corporal punishment in the home. On July 1 pres. elections in Bolivia are indecisive, causing Congress to appoint an interim pres. and plan new elections; on Nov. 25 another military coup by gen. Alberto Natusch Busch (1933-94) seizes power, but falls in a few weeks under the weight of gen. strikes and protests; on Nov. 16 congress elects Lydia Gueiler Tejada (1921-) as interim pres. (until July 17, 1980), becoming Bolivia's first and Latin Am.'s 2nd female pres. On July 3 Pres. Carter signs the first directive giving secret aid to the anti-Soviet Mujahadeen forces in Kabul, causing Zbigniew Brzezinski to write him that this is going to induce Soviet military intervention. On July 4 Algerian ex-pres. Ahmed Ben Bella is freed from house arrest after 14 years. On July 4 the first annual free Capitol Fourth July 4th concert is held on the West Lawn of the White House in Washington, D.C., featuring the Nat. Symphony Orchestra, ending with Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture" complete with cannon fire before the fireworks; on July 4, 1981 PBS-TV begins broadcasting it, hosted by E.G. Marshall, with conductor Mstislav Rostropovich and entertainer Pearl Bailey. On July 7 France launches its first nuclear attack submarine. On July 8 Los Angeles, Calif. pass a gay-lesbian civil rights law. On July 9 a car bomb set by the Nazi org. ODESSA destroys a Renault auto owned by Nazi hunters Serge and Beate Klarsfeld - hunt on foot? On July 12 after an intense solar wind, the abandoned 77-ton U.S. space station Skylab returns to Earth after 6 years 2 mo. in orbit, burning up in the atmosphere and showering debris over the South Indian Ocean and Western Australia; the largest piece of debris to be found on land is a 1-ton tank. On July 12 1.35M sq. mi. Kiribati (Gilberts) in the C Pacific Ocean (pop. 90K) declares independence from Britain as a member of the British Commonwealth after 64 years of British colonial rule (1915), with capital at South Tarawa; it joins the U.N. in 1999. On July 12 a fire at the Hotel Corona del Aragon in Saragossa, Spain starts when a pastry machine explodes, and kills 72, becoming the worst hotel fire in Europe until ?. On July 12 cigar-chomping Bonnano crime family boss (since 1974) Carmine Galante (b. 1910) is murdered with a shotgun in the face and chest while having lunch at Joe and Mary's Italian-Am. Restaurant in Bushwick, Brooklyn, N.Y. on the orders of rival Alphonse "Sonny Red" Indelicato (1931-81), who gets into a war for control with Philip "Rusty" Rastelli (1918-91), and is murdered on May 5, 1981; in 1991 Joseph Charles "Big Joey" Massino (1943-) takes over the Bonnano family, becoming known as "the Last Don" after he is convicted of racketeering et al. in July 2004 and gets a life sentence. On July 13 a 45-hour siege begins at the Egyptian Embassy in Ankara, Turkey as four Palestinian guerrillas kill two security men and seize 20 hostages. On July 15 Pres. Carter delivers his Crisis of Confidence (Malaise) Speech, lamenting a "crisis of confidence" in the U.S., along with "growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives", and calling for a new energy conservation program that incl. limiting oil imports, reducing oil use by utilities, fuel rationing for motorists, and the study of other forms of fuel - how about low-cal mayonnaise? Speaking of malaise? On July 16 Iraq vice-pres. Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) forces pres. (since 1968) Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr to resign, and succeeds him as pres. of Iraq and chmn. of the Rev. Command Council (RCC) (until 2003), launching a major purge of hundreds of Ba'th Party members while plastering the streets with 20-ft.-high portraits of himself; he establishes a multilayered security system with 3-5 secret police units, and later puts his sadistic son Qusay Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti (1966-2003) in charge of his 10K-man Special Guards - 24 years 5 mo. till he's captured hiding in a hole? On July 16 the Church Rock Uranium Spill 17 mi. N of Gallup, N.M. sees a disposal pond breach its dam, spilling 1K tons of solid radioactive waste and 93M gal. of acidic radioactive liquid waste into the Puerco River, which flows into Navajo County, Ariz., becoming the largest release of radioactive material in U.S. history (until ?); the N.M. gov. refuses to request that the site be declared a federal disaster area. On July 17 after a 7-week civil war, Nicaraguan pres. (since May 1, 1967, except for May 1, 1972-Dec. 1, 1974) Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle (1925-80) resigns and flees to exile in Miami, Fla., ending Somoza family rule (since 1936); on July 19 Managua falls to Sandinista Nat. Liberation Front (FSLN) guerrillas, the most moderate of three anti-Somoza guerrilla groups, who set up a 5-man junta and expropriate the vast Somoza family business empire; FSLN leaders incl. Jose Daniel Ortega Saavedra (1945-), who dropped out of the univ. in 1967 to join the cause, and was imprisoned for bank robbery from 1967-74, writing the poem "I Never Saw Managua When Miniskirts Were in Fashion", exiled to Cuba, where he received guerrilla training, and snuck back to triumphantly enter Managua on an armored personnel carrier, and becomes de facto ruler until Jan. 10, 1985, followed by pres. #79 until Apr. 25, 1990, turning the country toward radical Socialism, sparking the creation of several U.S.-backed rebel groups known collectively as the Contras. On July 18 the price of gold (atomic #79 - coincidence?) on world markets tops $300 per oz. for the first time, reaching $400 on Sept. 27 on its way to $500; back in 1934 it went for $35? On July 19 (Wed.) (7-19-79) the Atlantic Empress collides with the Aegean Captain off Tobago in the Caribbean, spilling 1M barrels (42M gal. of oil), becoming the worst tanker oil spill until ?. On July 19 left-wing Catholic Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo (1930-2004) becomes Portugal's first woman PM (until ?), taking office on Aug. 1 (until Jan. 3, 1980), going on to enact universal social security and improve health care, education and labor conditions. On July 19 Maritza Sayalero (1961-) of Venezuela wins the Miss Universe Pageant; too bad, the stage collapses when everybody rushes to her throne. On July 20 14-y.-o. Edward H. Smith becomes the first of 29 7-to-15-y.-o. black victims of gay Atlanta, Ga. serial killer Wayne Bertram Williams (1958-), AKA The Atlantic Child Killer over the next two years until he is rrested on June 6, 1982 and convicted. On July 23 Ayatollah Khomeini bans the broadcast of music to protect the Utes (youth). On July 26 As-Sa'iqa Palestinian leader Zuheir (Zuhair) Mohsen (b. 1936) is assassinated in Cannes France; the Israeli Mossad is suspected. On July 30 a small infant in its mother's arms is killed by hail in Ft. Collins, Colo. In July the NASA Voyagers fly by Jupiter, spotting volcanoes erupting on its moon Io. In July British PM Margaret Thatcher complains about Asian immigration, incl. the practice of giving them houses ahead of native whites. In July Mt. Merapi in Java erupts unexpectedly, killing 149. In July the U.S. FDA begins cracking down on amphetamine use under the guise of appetite suppressants, and on Sept. 2 a Philly physician is sentenced to two years and fined $250K for distributing 4M pills at his weight control clinic. Same cart, new driver? On Aug. 3 after 11 years of killing tens of thousands (15% of the 300K pop.), causing 55% of the rest to flee, and allying with the Soviets while living high on the hog in a ruined economy, "Unique Miracle" "Grandmaster of Education, Science and Culture" dictator (since 1968) Francisco Macias Nguema (b. 1924) of Equatorial Guinea (who Africanized his name in 1976 to Masie Nguema Biyogo Negue Ndong) is toppled by a bloodless coup, and tried and executed for genocide et al. along with six aides on Sept. 29; the northernmost island of Fernando Po (home of the capital Malabo), which he renamed after himself is renamed Bioko; on Oct. 12 his nephew Lt. Col. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (1942-) becomes pres. #2 of Equatorial Guinea (until ?), starting out as reformer who relaxes laws, frees political prisoners, and encourages refugees to return, expelling Soviet technicians and reinstating relations with Spain, then closing his grip and turning into a clone of his uncle, stealing millions of oil revenue (which dramatically increased in 1997) while his people live on less than $1 a day, causing the U.S. to close its embassy in 1995; after winning the 1996 election with 99.2% of the vote, followed by the 2002 election with 97.1%, he declares himself to be "in permanent contact with the Almighty", and able to "decide to kill without anyone calling him to account and without going to Hell because it is God himself with whom he is in permanent contact and who gives him this strength". On Aug. 4 Francesco Cossiga (1928-2010) becomes PM #63 of Italy (until Oct. 18, 1980), resigning after Aldo Moro is found dead. On Aug. 7 a Spanish Air Force jet shoots at a hillside practice target, and the gunfire ricochets back, shooting it down; the pilot ejects safely. On Aug. 9 the first nudist beach in Britain is opened in Brighton. On Aug. 9 Tex.-born L.A. Crips gang founder (1969) Raymond Lee Washington (b. 1953) is shot and killed with a sawed-off shotgun 5 mo. after his arrest for quadruple murder; his killers aren't caught until ?. On Aug. 15 Andrew Young resigns as U.S. ambassador to the U.N. (since 1976) after revelations that he had met with PLO reps without the authorization of Pres. Carter. On Aug. 15 two Soviet jets collide in midair over Ukraine, killing 150. On Aug. 23 (night) hunky Soviet ballet dancer Alexander Godunov (1949-95) defects while the Bolshoi Ballet is on tour in New York City; he only has 75 cents in his pocket; on Aug. 25 his wife Russian ballerina Lyudmila Iosifovna Vlasova (1942-) is prevented from taking off to Moscow from New York City in a Soviet airliner because U.S. secy. of state Warren Christopher suspects she is being deported involuntarily; after negotiations with U.S. diplomat Donald McHenry, she is allowed to talk to U.S. reps. in a mobile lounge, convincing them she is not under coercion, and allowed to take off; on Sept. 23 after being appointed by Pres. Carter St. Louis, Mo.-born Dem. diplomat Donald Franchot McHenry (1936-) becomes U.S. U.N. ambassador #15 (until Jan. 20, 1981), becoming the 2nd African-Am. he goes on to become an actor and hook up with actress Jacqueline Bisset before dying prematurely of alcoholism. On Aug. 24 (Fri.) the sitcom The Facts of Life debuts on NBC-TV for 209 episodes (until May 7, 1988) as a spinoff of "Diff'rent Strokes", starring Charlotte Rae (1926-) as Edna Garrett, the Drummond's housekeeper, who becomes housemother to seven girls at Eastland School in Peekskill, N.Y., incl. Lisa Diane Whelchel (1963-) as spoiled rich Blair Warner, Kim Victoria Fields (1969-) as cute black gossip Dorothy "Tootie" Ramsey, Mindy Cohn (1966-) as overweight Natalie Green; the Facts of Life Theme is by Al Burton, Gloria Loring, and Alan Thicke; in 1979 Molly Kathleen Ringwald (1968-) plays Molly Parker; in 1985-7 handsome stud George Timothy Clooney (1961-) joins the cast as handyman George Burnett. On Aug. 25 (Sat.) Sidney Sheldon's mystery series Hart to Hart debuts on ABC-TV for 110 episodes (until May 22, 1984), starring Robert John Wagner Jr. (1930-) and Stefanie Powers (Stefanie Zofya Paul) (1942-) as wealthy jetsetter LA married couple Jonathan and Jennifer Hart, who double as amateur detectives. On Aug. 25 Somalian voters approve a new 1979 Somalian Constitution designed to placate the U.S. by calling for elections for a people's assembly, with a pres. who is both head of state and head of govt., with a 6-year term; it is approved by pres. Siad Barre on Sept. 23; too bad, the Somali Rev. Socialist Party Politburo remains in power. On Aug. 27 Louis Earl Mountbatten of Burna (b. 1900), great-grandson of Victoria, cousin of Elizabeth II, uncle of Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh, and last viceroy and gov.-gen. of India is murdered along with his 14-y.-o. grandson and two others by Provisional IRA terrorists with a 50 lb. bomb placed aboard his 29-ft. yacht Shadow V anchored off the coast of Ireland at Sligo; on Nov. 23 Thomas McMahon is sentenced in Dublin to life in priz for the assassination; meanwhile in Northern Ireland the Warrenpoint Ambush sees the Provisional IRA kill 18 British militia at Narrow Water, County Down (35 mi. S of Belfast) with a bomb, after which a gun battle kills one civilian. On Aug. 30 Hurricane David (Aug. 25-Sept. 7) hits the Caribbean island of Dominica with 100 mph winds, killing 22 and leaving 6K homeless; on Aug. 31 it hits Dominican Repub., killing 600, leaving 150K homeless, and causing $1B in damage, going on to rampage through the Caribbean and up the E U.S. seaboard beginning Sept. 3, killing a total of 2K+. On Aug. 30 scientists record the first occurrence of a comet hitting the Sun, with an energy equal to 1M hydrogen bombs. In Aug. a Phnom Penh court tries, convicts, and sentences crackpot Pol Pot (1928-98) and his sorry deputy Ieng Sary (1924-) to death in absentia for genocide - excuse me while I laugh? In Aug. Paul Adolph Volcker (1927-) becomes chmn. #12 of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board (until Aug. 11, 1987); on Oct. 6 he increases the discount interest rate by 1% to tighten the money supply, causing the banks to raise their prime loan rate to 14.5% on Oct. 9, after which on Oct. 10 the Dow Jones falls 26.48 points with a record 81.6M share trading as small investors panic, but dramatically reducing the rate of monetary inflation, although the credit crisis sees short-term T-bill rates going to 15.5% next Mar., falling to 7%, then reaching 15.7% by Dec., creating a short recession for Reagan to match the one Carter just had. On Sept. 1 an L.A. court orders Clayton Moore (1914-98) to stop wearing the Lone Ranger mask, pissing-off his fans. On Sept. 1 Navajo elder Katherine Smith (1919-) fires at a govt. crew building a barbed wire fence too close to a ceremonial hogan on the Rez on Big Mountain, Black Mesa, Ariz., after which a jury thumbs its nose at the govt. and its attempts to relocate 12K Navajos by force under the 1974 U.S. Navajo-Hopi Settlement Act, causing a standoff until the passage in 1996 of another settlement act sponsored by Ariz. Sen. John McCain ordering them all to leave by the year 2000, causing them to turn to the U.N. for help in vain - forked tongue jokes here? On Sept. 2 British explorers Sir Ranulph "Ran" Fiennes (Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 3rd Baronet) (1944-) and Charles Robert Burton (1942-2002) start out from Greenwich down the Thames River on the 2.5-year 52K-mi. Transglobe Expedition along the Greenwich meridian to become the first to circumnavigate the Earth on a N-S route, incl. the North and South Poles, arriving back in Greenwich on Aug. 29, 1982. On Sept. 7 (7:00 p.m.) the 24-hour all-sports Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) debuts on cable TV, based in Bristol, Conn. and founds with $9K by former New England Whalers spokesman William F. Rasmussen, airing a slow-pitch softball doubleheader, later games by the Yankees, Mets and Red Sox, growing from three dishes and 70 employees to 76M subscribers in 21 languages and 2.1K employees by the end of the cent. On Sept. 9 the B&W comic strip For Better or For Worse by Canadian cartoonist Lynn Franks Johnston (nee Ridgway) (1947-) debuts (until Aug. 31, 2008). On Sept. 10 four Puerto Rican nationalists imprisoned for a 1954 attack on the U.S. House of Reps. and a 1950 attempt on the life of Pres. Truman are granted clemency by Pres. Carter. On Sept. 10 Angolan pres. #1 (since 1975) Antonio Agostinho Neto (b. 1922) dies of pancreatic cancer in Moscow, and on Sept. 21 planning minister Jose Eduardo dos Santos (1942-) of the MPLA (not to be confused with the dos Santos in Portugal) becomes pres. #2 (until ?), continuing his struggle against anti-Communist UNITA rebels led by Jonas Savimbi. On Sept. 12 the U.N. Security Council votes 15-0-0 for Resolution 453 to admit Saint Lucia. On Sept. 12 Hurricane Frederic (Aug. 29-Sept. 15) hits the Gulf Coast at Ala., causing $6B-$9B damage, most until Hurricane Katrina in 2005. On Sept. 13 27-tribe Venda in NE South Africa becomes the 3rd of South Africa's "homelands" to be granted independence by South Africa; only South Africa and its sister homelands Transkei and Bophuthatswana recognize it; chief Patrick R. Mphephu (1925-88), chief minister of the interim govt. since 1973 becomes pres. #1 (only) (until Apr. 18, 1988). On Sept. 13 (Thur.) the sitcom Benson debuts on ABC-TV for 158 episodes (until Apr. 19, 1986) as a spinoff from "Soap", starring Robert "Bob" Guilaume (1927-) as Benson Du Bois (cousin to Jessica Tate in "Soap"), who starts out as the head butler for Gov. Eugene Gatling, played by James Noble (1922-), and ends up as lt. gov.; Inga Swenson (1932-) (Hoss Cartwright's mother Inger in "Bonanza") plays German cook Gretchen Kraus, and Rene Murat Auberjonois (1940-) plays chief of staff Clayton Endicott III. On Sept. 14 the super-popular Swedish pop group ABBA goes on their last concert tour, performing for the first time in North Am. in Vancouver, Canada. On Sept. 14 after visiting Moscow on Mar. 20 and meeting with Leonid Brezhnev to request Soviet ground troops and 300K tons of wheat, Marxist Afghan pres. #3 (since Apr. 30, 1978) Nur Muhammad Taraki (b. 1913) after a brutal reign that killed 15K-45K is murdered on the orders of his rival PM Idi, er, Marxist Ghilzai Pahstun Hafizullah Amin (b. 1929), who becomes pres. #4 of Afghanistan (2nd Commie pres.), and announces the death of Taraki due to an "undisclosed illness"; after causing thousands of Afghans to flee to Iran and Pakistan to organize mujahideen resistance to the atheistic infidel Commie regime (the ones in Peshawar, Pakistan being described by the Islam history ignoramus Western press as freedom fighters), and trying to play both sides by claiming that the Saur Rev. is based on the principles of Islam and handing out Qurans and invoking Allah's name in speeches, pissing-off the Muslims more, and trying to ally with Pakistan and the U.S. and/or China and Pashtunize the country, pissing the Soviets off, the KGB assassinates Amin on Dec. 27, issuing disinfo. that he was a CIA agent. On Sept. 16 two lucky families flee East Germany by balloon. On Sept. 18 Steven M. Lachs (1941-) is appointed Calif.'s first openly gay judge - here cums de judge dat lachs guys? On Sept. 18 Soviet Bolshoi Ballet married dancers Leonid Kozlov (1947-) and Valentina Kozlova (1957-) defect. On Sept. 20 after bankrupting his country and massacring children, Central African Repub. (CAR) dictator (since Jan. 1, 1966) Jean-Bedel Bokassa is toppled in a French-backed bloodless coup, fleeing to Ivory Coast; on Sept. 21 former pres. #1 (1960-66) David Dacko (1930-2003) becomes pres. #3 of the CAR (until Sept. 1, 1981), pledging to restore democracy. On Sept. 20 NASA launches the HEAO-3 satellite to study hard x-ray and gamma ray emissions; it goes on to pick up gamma ray signals from Cygnus X-1. On Sept. 20 (Thur.) after a 90-min. pilot is released on Mar. 30 (Fri.), Glen A. Larson's and Leslie Stevens' wannabe Battlestar Galactica sci-fi series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century debuts on NBC-TV for 37 episodes (until Apr. 16, 1981), based on the 1928 Philip Francis Nowlan comic strip, starring Gilbert C. "Gil" Gerard (1943-) as NASA/USAF pilot Capt. William "Buck" Rogers, who takes off in his Ranger 3 spacecraft in May 1987 and is accidentally frozen for 504 years before thawing out in 2491, learning about a nuclear Armageddon on Nov. 22, 1987 from the Earth Defense Directorate, who recruit him for covert missions to save Earth. On Sept. 22 the Vela Incident (South Atlantic Flash) sees the U.S. Vela satellite detect a double flash of light between remote Bouvet Island and Prince Edward Islands near Antarctica; a nuke or a meteor? On Sept. 23 a No Nukes concert (one of five in Sept.) by the Musicians United for Safe Energy (MUSE) in Battery Park, N.Y. is attended by 200K, and features Bruce Springsteen, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Doobie Brothers, Tom Petty, and Crosby, Stills and Nash; Rolling Stone mag. public relations dir. David Fenton is co-producer. On Sept. 23 Mossad founder Isser Harel tells Zionist Michael D. Evans that terrorism will come to the U.S. in the form of an attack on the tallest bldg. in New York City, later giving conspiracy theorists grist for their mills. On Sept. 23 (Sun.) the sitcom Archie Bunker's Place debuts on CBS-TV for 97 episodes (until Apr. 4, 1983) as a spinoff of "All in the Family", starring Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton as Archie and Edith Bunker, knocking "Mork & Mindy" out of its time slot in season 1. On Sept. 23 (Sun.) the "M*A*S*H" spinoff Trapper John, M.D. debuts on CBS-TV for 151 episodes (until Sept. 4, 1986), starring Pernell Roberts (1928-2010), as Dr. "Trapper" John McIntyre, who returned from the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital to San Francisco, Calif. and becomes chief of surgery at San Francisco Memorial Hospital. On Sept. 24 Russian ice skaters Oleg Alekseyevich Protopopov (1932-) and Ludmila Yevgenyevna Beloussova (1935-) ask for asylum in Switzerland. On Sept. 24 CompuServe of Columbus, Ohio (founded 1969) begins operation as the first commercial computer information service providing commercial email; next year it is acquired by H&R Block; too bad, it charges by the hour instead of by the month, leaving the market wide open for America Online (AOL), which is founded in McLean, Va. in July by William F. Von Meister (1942-95) and Jack Taub, initially called the Source BBS (until 1983), causing Isaac Asimov to issue the soundbyte: "This is the beginning of the information age"; AOL only has 55K subscribers by 1984, and peaks at 30M. On Sept. 25 Boulder Beer Co. is founded in Boulder, Colo. by U. of Colo. physics profs. David Hummer and Randolf Ware, and Alvin Nelson, becoming the first microbrewery in Colo., going public in 1980 and going on to produce fine craft beers incl. Sweaty Betty Blonde, Hazed and Infused, Sundance Amber Ale, Buffalo Gold, Planet Porter, Mojo IPA, Hoopla Pale Ale, and Shake Chocolate Porter before going private again in 1990; the bottle labels feature colorful hippie or New Age designs. On Sept. 26 Elton John collapses onstage at the Hollywood Universal Amphitheater, suffering from exhaustion - that sucks? On Sept. 27 Congress gives final approval to forming the U.S. Dept. of Education on Oct. 17, becoming the 13th Cabinet agency in U.S. history. On Sept. 28 the Chinese Fifth Nat. People's Congress (first in five years) confirms economic planner Zhao Ziyang (1919-2005) as a full member of the Chinese politburo, replacing Hua Guofeng; Deng Xiaoping now dominates China. On Sept. 29-31 John Paul II becomes the first pope to visit troubled Ireland for a 3-day tour on the anniv. of his predecessor's death, pleading for an end to violence in North Ireland - come to mama? On Sept. 30 the sitcom To the Manor Born debuts on BBC-TV for 22 episodes (until Nov. 29, 1981), starring Penelope Anne Constance Keith (194-) as upper-class widow Audrey fforbes-Hamilton, who has to move out of her beloved manor house, and Peter Bowles (1936-) as nouveau riche Richard DeVere, who buys it, starting a love-hate relationship ending in marriage. In Sept. British PM Margaret Thatcher visits Beijing; Deng Xiaoping refuses her request for continued British admin. of Hong Kong after 1997, but agrees to open negotiations on handover. On Oct. 1 the U.S. returns the Canal Zone (but not the canal) to Panama after 75 years, beginning a 20-year transition from U.S. control; on Oct. 10 Panama assumes sovereignty; the Panama Canal Commission oversees the canal; about 14K ships travel through the canal each year, paying a toll of about $20K, and taking 8-10 hours. On Oct. 1 after a series of military coups followed by Nigerians voting for a bicameral assembly, a civilian govt. takes power, with Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari (1925-) becoming pres. #2 of the new Nigerian Second Repub. (until Dec. 31, 1983). On Oct. 1 Pope John Paul II arrives in Boston, Mass. for the start of a 6-day U.S. visit (ends Oct. 6); on Oct. 5 he holds a mass for 1M in Grant Park in Chicago, Ill.; on Oct. 6 he becomes the first pontiff to visit the White House, where he is received by Mr. Peanut Jimmy Carter, who is still bragging about his killer rabbit battle? The Oddjob Year in South Korea? On Oct. 9 after Kim Young-Sam (Yong-Sam) (1927-) takes control of the opposition New Dem. Party in South Korea, South Korean pres. Park Chung-hee (b. 1917) gets the Nat. Assembly on Oct. 9 to oust him, causing all 70 members to resign in protest on Oct. 12, accompanied by demonstrations, causing Park to get in an argument with Lt. Gen. Kim Chae-gyu (Jae-kyu) (1926-80), head of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) over sending in the army, and on Oct. 26 Chae-gyu turns Oddjob and shoots Park in the head at a private dinner party he has invited him to, killing him, along with his main bodyguard Ch'a Chi-ch'ol; PM (since 1976) Choi Kyu-hah (1919-2006) becomes pres. #10 of South Korea (until May 17, 1980), and on Dec. 7 he cancels Emergency Measure No. 9 (1975), allowing hundreds of dissidents to be released from jail; on Dec. 12 Maj. Gen. Chun Doo-hwan (Tu-hwan) (1931-) leads a military coup, arresting the army chief of staff and sealing off Seoul, taking the army HQ after a long battle; Maj. Gen. Roh Tae-woo (No T'ae-u) (1932-) becomes head of the Seoul army garrison, and Maj. Gen. Chong Ho-young (Jeong Ho-yong) becomes cmdr. of special forces; Chae-gyu is hanged next May 24 along with four KCIA aides. On Oct. 6 the U.S. Federal Reserve System changes its target policy from interest rate to money supply, leading to interest rate fluctuations and recessions; wasting no time, on Oct. 8-12 the Dow-Jones plunges 58 points in panic trading triggered by the news. On Oct. 10-17 the Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) defeat the Baltimore Orioles (AL) 4-3 on the road (last time until ?) to win the Seventy-Sixth (76th) (1979) World Series after starting with a 3-1 deficit when Ruthian slugger Wilver Dornell "Willie" Stargell (1940-2001) (known for warming up with a sledgehammer) hits a 2-run homer in the 6th inning to help the Pirates win 4-1, and hits .400, matching Reggie Jackson's record of 25 total bases in 1977 to become MVP; the Pirates adopt Sister Sledge's "We Are Family" as their anthem; 2nd time since 1969 that the reigning Super Bowl and World Series winners are from the same area (next time 1989) - the decade effect? On Oct. 12 after failing to achieve a consensus on the nuclear power issue, Ola Ullstein resigns, and Thorbjorn Falldin becomes PM of Sweden again (until Oct. 2, 1981), agreeing to have a nat. referendum to settle the issue. On Oct. 14 the First Nat. March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in Washington, D.C. sees 75K-125K march demanding equal civil rights for LGBTs along with protective civil rights legislation; 2nd march on Oct. 11, 1987. On Oct. 15 Black Mon. in Malta sees members of the Labour Party ransack the offices of Progress Press, pub. of "The Times". On Oct. 15 after 23 left demonstrators are killed on May 8, sparking continuing violence, the 1979 El Salvador Coup sees a military junta remove pres. (since 1977) Gen. Carlos Humberto Romero from office in El Salvador, and institute reforms incl. redistribution of land to peasants, which doesn't stop civil war from breaking out between the govt. and leftist rebels of the Farabundo Marti Nat. Liberation Front (FMLN) (ends 1992). On Oct. 16 a tsunami hits Nice, France, killing 23. On Oct. 16 the comedy show Not the Nine O'Clock News debuts on BBC for 27 episodes (until Mar. 8, 1982), starring Rowan Sebastian Atkinson (1955-), Pamela Stephenson (1949-), Mel Smith (1952-), and Griffith Rhys Jones (9153-). On Oct. 17 Mother Teresa (1910-97), head of the Missionaries of Charity is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her years of work on behalf of the destitute in Calcutta - that'll buy how many cans of tuna? On Oct. 17 Pres. Carter signs the U.S. Dept. of Education Org. Act, splitting HEW into the Dept. of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Dept of Education; HUD secy. (since 1977) Patricia Roberts Harris becomes secy. #1 of HHS (until 1979). On Oct. 18 Ayatollah Khomeini orders mass executions in Iran to stop. On Oct. 19 Typhoon Tip (began Oct. 4) hits Japan, causing 13 U.S. Marines to die in a fire at Camp Fuji. On Oct. 21 Israeli foreign affairs minister (since 1977) Moshe Dayan resigns after helping draw up the Camp David Accords then getting pissed-off at a provision that proves for future negotiations with Palestinians, going on to found the Telem Party in 1981, that advocates unilateral separation from the West Bank and Gaza Strip. On Oct. 27 St. Vincent and the Grenadines (modern pop. 103K) in the Lesser Antilles chain of the E Caribbean Sea gain independence from Britain (since 1783); the capital is Kingstown (modern pop. 16K). On Oct. 29 (50th anniv. of the Great Stock Market Crash) anti-nuclear protesters try but fail to shut down the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). On Oct. 30 Pres. Carter announces his choice of Denver, Colo.-born federal appeals judge Shirley Ann Mount Hufstedler (1925-2016) as secy. #1 of the newly-created U.S. Dept. of Education; she is sworn-in on Nov. 30 (until Jan. 20, 1981). On Oct. 31 Western Airlines Flight 2605 (DC-10) crashes in Mexico City after landing on the wrong runway, killing 74. On Nov. 1 (a.m.) the tanker M/T Burmah Agate collides with outbound freighter Mimosa off Galveston Bay, Tex., killing 33 of 37 crew and spilling 62K barrels (2.6M gal.) of oil, becoming the worst Tex. oil spill until 1990. On Nov. 1 former First Lady (1953-61) Mamie Eisenhower (b. 1896) dies in Washington D.C. at age 82. On Nov. 1 Ayatollah Khomeini urges his followers to demonstrate against the U.S. and Israel on Nov. 4, and expand attacks on their interests - he warned ya? On Nov. 1 after new CEO (since Aug. 3, 1977) Archie R. McCardell (1926-2008) presses too hard for concessions and underestimates them, the employees of Internat. Harvester go on strike for 172 days (until Apr. 20, 1980), 4th longest strike in UAW history, breaking the co.'s back and forcing it nearly into bankruptcy, and it fires McCardell on May 3, 1982, and sells its farm equipment to Tenneco in 1985, then changes its name in 1986 to Navistar Internat. On Nov. 2 French gangster and public enemy #1 (the French John Dillinger) Jacques Mesrine (b. 1936) is shot and killed in his BMW by police on the outskirts of Paris, causing accusations of an assassination. On Nov. 2 Black Panther member Assata Olugbala Shakur (JoAnne Deborah Byron nee Chesimard) (1947-) escapes from prison in N.Y., and receives asylum in Cuba. On Nov. 3 the Greensboro Massacre in N.C. sees five Communist Workers Party marchers killed and seven wounded by KKK and neo-Nazi gunmen during a "Death to the Klan" demonstration in Greensboro, N.C.; the Klansmen plead self-defense and are acquitted. On Nov. 4 enraged at the U.S. granting asylum to the Shah, and fearing a repeat of the U.S.-backed Aug. 19, 1953 coup that overthrew Mohammed Mossadegh, a crowd of 3K Iranian Basij paramilitary militia pretending to be students seize the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking 90 hostages, incl. 53 Americans, beginning the Iran Hostage Crisis, holding 53 Americans hostage for 444 days until Jan. 20, 1981, demanding that the U.S. send the shah back for trial; in Nov. Iranian deputy PM Ebrahim Yazdi (1931-) resigns over the hostage crisis, going on in 1995-2011 to become leader of the Freedom Movement of Iran (founded 1961); 13 women and blacks are released on Nov. 22; Richard Queen is released in July 1980 after becoming ill, leaving 52 hostages; on Dec. 16 the shah leaves for Panama via Tex.; after he dies on July 27, 1980, it takes a regime change in the U.S. to get the hostages released - and arms for hostages? On Nov. 5 Ayatollah Khomeini declares the U.S. the "Great Satan", and Israel the "Little Satan", and on Nov. 6 Satan, er, he takes power in Iran. On Nov. 5 the news program Morning Edition debuts on Nat. Public Radio (NPR) (until Apr. 2004), hosted by Robert Alan "Bob" Edwards (1947-), peaking at 13M listeners, #2 behind Rush Limbaugh. On Nov. 6 the Internat. Olympic Committee in Montevideo, Uruguay decides that Taiwan's teams will participate under the name Chinese Taiwan. On Nov. 27 Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy announces his candidacy for the 1980 Dem. U.S. pres. nomination. On Nov. 8 Ted Koppel (1940-) (son of German Jewish immigrants, hired in 1963) begins his ABC News special late night broadcasts, with a brief spot on The Iran Crisis: America Held Hostage, anchored by Frank Reynolds, and by Christmas he takes over the late evening staple, which features insets reading "DAY 45", etc., with a map of Iran and a blindfolded hostage next to it. On Nov. 9 NORAD detects a massive Soviet nuclear strike, which is later found to be a false alarm. On Nov. 9 amid mucho anti-Iranian sentiment, a Protest Against Iran is held in Washington, D.C., with signs reading "Deport all Iranians" and "Get the hell out of my country". On Nov. 12 Pres. Carter announces an immediate halt to all imports of Iranian oil, and on Nov. 14 he issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the U.S. On Nov. 12 Suleyman Demirel forms the 43rd govt. of Turkey. On Nov. 13 former Calif. Gov. Ronald Reagan announces in New York City his candidacy for the Repub. pres. nomination, and proposes a North Am. Union (NAU) between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. On Nov. 15 a package bomb from the Unabomber aboard a commercial flight from Chicago explodes and forces an emergency landing at Dulles Airport. On Nov. 15 the British govt. publicly identifies the Queen's art advisor Sir Anthony Frederick Blunt (1907-83) as the 4th man in a Soviet spy ring that incl. Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and Kim Philby; he confessed in 1964 and was given immunity from prosecution, but is now stripped of his knighthood - blunt force trauma? On Nov. 16 American Airlines is fined $500K for improper DC-10 maintenance - I made you go to Paris, yes? On Nov. 16 200 armed Mahdists (incl. two Americans) seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca, denouncing the monarchy and demanding an end to corrupting modernization and foreign ways; the beginning of modern violent jihad?; on Nov. 20 1.3K-1.5K puritanical Wahhabi Islamic militants led by Juhayman ibn Muhammad ibn Sayf al-Otaibi (1936-80) occupy the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Islam's holiest site, holing up for three weeks behind the reinforced doors, which tanks fail to break down; after the Pakistani army under gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq calls in three French commandos to help despite being infidels, they are expelled after 250 are killed and 600 wounded; Juhayman and 67 others are beheaded next Jan. 9; on Nov. 21 after false radio reports by Ayatollah Khomeini that the Grand Mosque in Mecca was being occupied by infidel Americans, a mob attacks the U.S. Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, setting it on fire and killing four, incl. two Americans; the Saudi royals begin paying extortion money to the hardcore Wahhabists to keep them at bay? On Nov. 17 Ayatollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran; on Nov. 18 Khomeini charges the U.S. ambassador and the embassy with espionage; the hostages are released on Nov. 22. On Nov. 21 the 34th Session of the U.N. Gen. Assembly votes 85-6-41 for U.N. Gen. Assembly Resolution 34/37 ("Question of Western Sahara"), reaffirming "the inalienable right of the people of Western Sahara to self-determination and independence, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, the Charter of the Organization for African Unity and the objectives of the UN General Assembly Resolution 1514, and the legitimacy of their struggle to secure the enjoyment of that right." On Nov. 22 the British mortgage rate hits a record 15% - the Rapunzel Contest makes longer and longer locks of love? On Nov. 24 the U.S. admits that thousands of troops in Vietnam were exposed to the toxic substance Agent Orange. On Nov. 25 Israel returns the Alma oilfields in the Gulf of Suez to Egypt. On Nov. 25 U.N. secy.-gen. Kurt Waldheim calls an emergency meeting of the U.N. Security Council to deal with the Iranian hostage situation. On Nov. 26 new oil deposits equaling all of OPEC's reserves are found in Venezuela - there hugo, chavez? On Nov. 26 Pakistan Internat. Airlines Flight 740 (Boeing 707) carrying pilgrims from Mecca en route to Karachi crashes after takeoff from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia after an inflight fire, killing all 156 aboard. On Nov. 28 Air New Zealand Flight 901 (DC-10) en route to the South Pole crashes into Mt. Erebus in Antarctica, killing all 257 aboard. On Nov. 30 John Paul II becomes the first pope in 1K years to attend an Eastern Orthodox Catholic mass; on ? he visits the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey and refrains from outward gestures of worship while zealous Muslim Turkish officials look over his shoulder, still pissed-off by Pope Paul VI's 1967 power-grab. In Nov. the first COMDEX (Computer Dealers' Exhibition) (Geek Week) computer expo is hosted at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nev. by Sheldon Gary Adelson (1933-), going on to become #1 through the 1990s; the last is hosted in Nov. 2003. On Dec. 2 crowds attack the U.S. embassy in Tripoli, Libya. On Dec. 3 Christie's auctions a thimble for a record $18.4K. On Dec. 3 the U.S. dollar exchange rate with the German mark falls to 1.7079DM, lowest ever (until Nov. 5, 1987). On Dec. 3 11 are killed in a stampede of fans for seats at Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati, Ohio, where the British rock group The Who is performing, causing the press to go after the $2B a year rock concert biz. On Dec. 4 Pres. Carter announces his candidacy for reelection despite polls showing his approval rating at its lowest level ever. On Dec. 4 the Hastie (Selby St.) Fire on Selby St. in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England kills three boys (Charles, Paul, and Peter), leading to a manhunt; on Jan. 20, 1981 after confessing to 11 arsons, Peter George Dinsdale (1960-) pleads guilty to 26 charges of manslaughter, and is detained indefinitely as a psychopath. On Dec. 5 Am. feminist Sonia Johnson (1936-) is formally excommunicated by the Mormon Church after a speech on Sept. 1 to the Am. Psychological Assoc. titled "Patriarchal Panic: Sexual Politics in the Mormon Church" because of her outspoken support for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). On Dec. 5 Jack Lynch resigns as PM of Ireland (Eire) and leader of the Fianna Fail Party, and on Dec. 7 Charles James "Charlie" Haughey (1925-2006) is elected party leader, followed by PM on Dec. 11 (until Feb. 11, 1992). On Dec. 12 the Carter admin. orders the removal of most Iranian diplomats from the U.S. On Dec. 12 a 7.9 earthquake and tsunami in Colombia kill 259. On Dec. 15 the deposed shah of Iran leaves the U.S. for Panama on the same day that the Internat. Court of Justice in The Hague rules that Iran should release all its Am. hostages. On Dec. 16 a land mine near Dungannon in County Tyrone, North Ireland kills four British soldiers; another landmine near Forkhill in County Armagh kills another soldier. On Dec. 17 black insurance exec Arthur McDuffie (b. 1946) is fatally beaten by five white police officers after a high-speed chase on his cousin's motorcycle after midnight in Miami, Fla.; after handcuffing him, they rip off his helmet and crack his skull with billy clubs and flashlights; after several police officers are fired amid charges of racial motivation, four white officers are acquitted of all charges by claiming that he was killed in an accident, causing a backlash in the black community and culminating in riots in May 1980 - that's why they call me cracker? On Dec. 18 the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women is adopted by the U.N. Gen. Assembly, coming into force on Sept. 3, 1981; all developed nations except the U.S. ratify it until ? On Dec. 21 a ceasefire for Rhodesia is signed in London, effective on Dec. 28; on Dec. 26 96 Patriotic Front guerrillas arrive in Salisbury to monitor it. On Dec. 21 the U.S. Congress passes the U.S. Chrysler Loan Guarantee Bill, saving Chrysler corp. (17th largest corp. in the U.S.) from bankruptcy with a $1.5B loan guarantee contingent on obtaining another $2B in concessions, incl. lower wages; Pres. Carter signs it next Jan. 7; in 1983 under the leadership of Lee Iacocca, who doubles the fleet avg. mpg, they pay it back with $350M interest. On Dec. 24 after fearing that it is in danger of being toppled by Islamic mujahideen forces, 85K Soviet troops of the 40th Army invade and seize control of Afghanistan; on Dec. 27 Pres. Hafizullah Amin is assassinated by the KGB, and Babrak Karmal (1929-96) becomes puppet pres. #5 of Afghanistan (3rd Commie) (until Nov. 24, 1986), beginning the Soviet-Afghan War (ends Feb. 15, 1989), in which 13K-15K Soviet soldiers and 1M Afghans are killed, 35,478 Soviet solders are wounded and 311 go MIA, and 3M civilian refugees flee to Pakistan and Iran; by 1985 the Soviets have 120K troops in Afghanistan after 8K deaths and 25K casualties, while the CIA believes they needed 500K troops to win; fear of Communism trumping fear of resurgent Islam, the U.S. backs the mujahideen, giving them $600M a year, along with matching funds from the Persian Gulf states incl. Saudi Arabia, and more support from China and the U.K.; the U.S. gives them hundreds of FIM-92 Stinger anti-aircraft missiles in 1985-6; to keep them from the Soviets, treasures from the Afghan Nat. Museum in Kabul are locked in a basement vault on the grounds of the pres. palace, with the secret "key holders" guarding the key until 2003, incl. the 1st cent. C.E. Bactrian Gold, discovered in a burial ground in the Karakum Desert in 1978 by Soviet archeologist Viktor Ivanovich Sarianidi (1929-). On Dec. 24 the European Ariane 1 rocket is launched, followed by four more by Oct. 30, 1997. On Dec. 25 Egypt begins a major restoration of the Great Sphinx. On Dec. 27 (Thur.) the David Jacobs "Dallas" spinoff primetime soap opera Knots Landing (inspired by the 1973 Ingmar Bergman film "Scenes from a Marriage") debuts on CBS-TV for 344 episodes (until May 13, 1993), starring Michele Lee (1942-) as Karen Cooper Fairgate MacKenzie, matriarch of the cul-de-sac Seaview Circle in a suburb of Los Angeles, Calif., home to four married couples; it begins as a competitor for the more popular "Dallas", and goes on to outlast it and become the 3rd longest-running primetime series after "Gunsmoke" and "Bonanza"; also stars Ted Shackelford (1946-) as Gary Ewing, black sheep of the Ewing family in "Dallas", Joan Van Ark (1943-) as his wife Valene, mother of Lucy in "Dallas", Donna Mills (1940-) as Abby Cunningham, and William Devane (1937-) as Greg Sumner. On Dec. 29 the U.S. begins pub. its List of State Sponsors of Terrorism, starting with Iraq (until 1982, then 1990-2004), Libya (1979-), and South Yemen (1979-90), then Cuba (1982-), Iran (1984-), Sudan (1993-), North Korea (1988-2008), and Sudan (1993-) - guess why Saudi Arabia is always exempt, kaching? On Dec. 31 a fire at Le Club Opemiska in Chapais, Quebec, Canada kills 42 New Year's Eve partygoers. On Dec. 31 the final episode of "That '70s Show" is aired. On Dec. 31 the Dow Jones Industrial Avg. closes at 838.74 (up from 805.01 at the end of 1978); it peaked on Nov. 7 at 976.67. In Dec. the Nat. Christmas Tree at the White House is kept dark except for the top light pending release of the Iranian hostages. The Commie govt. of madly-scarred Madagascar represses strikes while conducting a program of expulsion of foreigners. The Romany (Gypsy) people get non-govt. status in the U.N. The city council of Los Angeles, Calif. issues Special Order 40, forbidding the initiating of "police action with the objective of discovering the alien status of a person". The U.S. State Dept. lists Syria as a state sponsor of terrorism, becoming the longest-lasting member (until ?). The Conference on Disarmament (originally Committee on Disarmament until 1984) is established by multiple nations to negotiate the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention, succeeding the 10-Nation Committee on Disarmament (1960), the 18-Nation Committee on Disarmament (1962-8), and the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (1969-78); not a U.N. org., but linked via a personal rep of the U.N. secy.-gen. The Air Line Stewards and Stewardesses Assoc. (ALSSA) files a sexual discrimination lawsuit under Title VII of the 1964 U.S. Civil Rights Act for grounding pregnant female attendants while allowing male attendants with pregnant wives to continue to fly; on Oct. 18, 1976 the U.S. district court rules that "TWA's no motherhood policy... provides a clear example of sex discrimination"; too bad, it bars 90% of the claimants for late filing. After they decide to buy precious metals as a hedge against inflation in 1973, and are prohibited by U.S. law from buying gold, Nelson Bunker Hunt (1926-) and William Herbert Hunt (1929-), sons of Texas oil tycoon H.L. Hunt and brother of NFL owner Lamar Hunt corner the silver market, with 200M oz., half the world's supply; too bad, the feds move in, causing a 50% 1-day decline next Mar. 27 ($21.62 to $10.80 per oz.), causing them to declare bankruptcy; their shenanigans also take a hit on the Dow Jones, but by the end of 1980 the election of Ronald Reagan causes a strong recovery. British Conservative MP (1970-97) Winston Spencer Churchill (1940-2010), grandson of Sir Winston Churchill is involved in a scandal when three police officers are prosecuted for blackmailing Soraya Khashoggi, former wife of billionaire Saudi arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi (1935-) for having a 2-way affair with him. U.S.-educated Social Dem. Party leader Petra Karin Kelly (1947-92) quits over its policies regarding women, health, and nukes, and founds the anti-nuclear environmental grassroots dem. social justice German Green Party. Hungarian-Am. Jewish financial wizard George Soros (Gyory Schwartz) (1930-) (Soros means "will soar" in Esperanto) of the Quantum Fund founds the Open Society Fund to finance anti-Communist movements in E Europe, becoming the flagship for a network of Open Society Foundations that give away $5B by 2007 to promote his political agenda, and currently spends $600M a year in 60+ countries, which is only 20% of his $3B yearly income; its agenda allegedly incl. dethroning the U.S. as a world leader with the globalist view that sees it as just another state in the U.N., putting leftists in power, promoting open borders and mass immigration (incl. Muslim), while opposing virtually all post-9/11 nat. security measures, especially the Patriot Act; let's not forget dramatic expansion of social welfare programs and taxes, incl. amnesty for illegal aliens along with benefits; in 2003 Soros founds the "Shadow Democratic Party", which works to get leftist Dems. elected who want to make it go Socialist, esp. Hillary Clinton, but he switches to Barack Obama after meeting with him in Dec. 2006. The Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary is established to protect whales from commercial hunting. The Egyptian Islamic Jihad is founded by Ayman al-Zawahiri (1951-), Mohamed Abdel Salam Faraj (Muhammad abd al-Salaam Faraj) (1952-82), and Abbud al-Zumar (1947-), with the goal of overthrowing Anwar Sadat and establishing an Islamic repub. Bible-thumping Baptist Rev. Jerry Lamon Falwell Sr. (1933-2007), who since 1950 built up the Thomas Road Baptist Church in Lynchburg, Va. to nat. prominence, along with his "Old Time Gospel Hour", aired on 300 U.S. and 64 foreign TV stations founds the Moral Majority along with Heritage Inst. dir. Paul M. Weyrich (who coins the term) to give conservative Christian evangelicals a voice in politics, encouraging voter registration and becoming instrumental in the election of pres. Ronald Reagan and the blocking of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and gay and abortion rights legislation, becoming one of the top 25 most influential Americans by 1983, lashing out against his foes, incl. liberals, abortionists, ACLU, feminists, gay rights activists, and the faithless; he disbands it in the late 1980s to concentrate on his Christian school, Liberty U.; conservative Southern Baptist U.S. Sen. (R-N.C.) (1973-2003) Jesse Alexander Helms Jr. (1921-2008) (a Dem. in 1942-70) is a founding member of the Moral Majority, fighting atheism and homosexuality while fending off accusations of white supremacy; in Dec. the transpartisan mainly New Ager New World Alliance is formed in the U.S. by Mark Ivor Satin (1946-) et al. as a counter to Jerry Falwell and other evangelical Christian political groups, lasting until 1983 - you either wish him well or wish he'd fall down a well? The Religious Roundtable in Memphis, Tenn. is founded by Colgate-Palmolive salesman turned Christian evangelist Edward Eugene McAteer (1926-2004) to get conservative evangelical Christians into political activism. Lane Kirkland (1922-99) becomes pres. of the AFL-CIO (until 1995). Coca-Cola becomes the first U.S. capitalist co. permitted to operate in Communist China; meanwhile Pepsi-Cola has exclusive rights in the Soviet Union - why not just duplicate the taste and claim it's an old Chinese health tonic? The Islamic Movement of Kurdistan is founded in Halabjah, Iraq by Sunni mullah Shaykh Uthman Abd-Aziz. After being inspired by the Iranian Rev., Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) (Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami al-Filastini) is founded as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood by Fathi Shaqaqi (1951-95) and Sheik Odeh (Abd Al Aziz Awda) (1950-), with the goal of destroying Israel. Pacific sardines return to Calif. 40 years (1939); in 1992 they return to British Columbia after 45 years (1947). The number of working horses on British farms falls to 3,575, vs. 300K in 1950. Progressive mag., ed. by Erwin Knoll (1931-94) prints the secrets of the H-bomb, claiming First Amendment protection - an explosive amendment? The Children's Museum of Manhattan is founded in New York City. Xavier Roberts (1955-) and five friends open Babyland General Hospital in Cleveland, Ga. for the Little People, which in 1982 are renamed the Cabbage Patch Kids(originally the Little People); the craze peaks in 1985 with $600M in retail sales. Israel Horovitz (1939-) leaves the Royal Shakespeare Co. (since 1965) to found the Gloucester Stage Co. in Mass. Future U.S. TV psychiatrist Phil McGraw (1950-) gets his Ph.D. in psychology. Bolivian immigrant Jaime Escalante (1930-2010) begins teaching Calclus to supposedly inferior field worker material Mexican-Am. students at Garfield High School in Los Angeles, Calif.; in 1981 14 of his 15 students pass the Advanced Placement Calculus Test, followed by 18 in 1982, whereupon the gringo-run Educational Testing Service hassles them, accusing them of cheating, causing 14 of them to retake the test, 12 of whom pass, shutting them up bigtime; the 1988 film Stand and Deliver starring Edward James Olmos (1947-) inspires millions of Mexican-Americans study math and science. The Denver Public Library in Colo. becomes the first major library in the U.S. to attempt to digitize its card catalog; it takes until 1989. Pope John Paul II decrees that the New Vulgate Bible is to be used in Roman Catholic liturgy. MIT-educated Zen molecular biologist Jon Kabat-Zinn (1944-) founds Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). The $100K yearly Pritzker Architecture Prize ("the Nobel Prize of Architecture") is established by Hyatt Hotels chmn. Jay Arthur Pritzker (1922-99) and his wife Cindy, with the first one going to Philip Johnson of the U.S.; starting in 1987 a bronze medallion is awarded with the certificate. Renault buys a controlling interest in Am. Motors (AMC) to save it from bankruptcy. McDonald's begins selling the Happy Meal, packaged in a circus wagon box, with a cool fragile toy that becomes a collector's item based on fragility? Aspartame-based Canderel (Fr. "candi" + "airelles" = sugar cane + bilberries) artificial sweetener is introduced in France; in 1982 it is sold in the U.S. as Equal, followed by NutraSweet in 1997. After the Iranians take Am. hostages, the U.S. stops buying Iranian pistachios, which are stained red to cover the frequent stains from primitive manual harvesting, causing Calif. to take up the slack, producing bigger unstained pistachios. The Taiwan Inst. for Information Industry is founded by former finance minister (1969-75) Li Kwoh-Ting (1910-2001), helping Taiwan convert from an agrarian to hi-tech exporting economy, causing him to become known as "Father of Taiwan's Economic Miracle" - can I quote you on that? Janet(UK) is founded, becoming responsible in 1994 for the mgt. of the U.K.'s higher education networking program. The Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) is founded by LDS academics led by John Woodland "Jack" Welch (1946-), becoming a part of Brigham Young U. in 1997 under the name Inst. for the Study and Preservation of Ancient Religious Texts, followed in 2006 by the Neal A. Maxwell Inst. for Religous Scholarship, becoming a close-minded apologetics org. The Mariana mallard, a large duck living in the Mariana Archipelago that is hunted by natives is last seen, and is declared extinct in 2004. U.S. Navy liaison to the U.S. Senate Joe Biden and his wife Jill attend a Navy reception in Hawaii with their good friend John McCain, urging him to go over and introduce himself to his future wife Cindy; they marry on May 17, 1980 in Phoenix, Ariz., after which John retires from the Navy as a capt. on Apr. 1, 1981 and enters politics, becoming a Repub. U.S. rep from Ariz. on Jan. 3, 1983-Jan. 3, 1987; in 2018 McCain asks Biden to deliver the eulogy at his funeral. Late in this decade English pranksters Doug Bower and Dave Chorley begin creating Crop Circles, admitting it in 1991 and showing how they do it 200x with a wood plank, rope, and a baseball cap fitted with a loop of wire; meanwhile 10K crop circles are reported by the end of the cent., 90% in S England, half within 15 km of Avebury. Neo-expressionist Am. Jewish artist Julian Schnabel (1951-) has his first 1-man show in New York City, pioneering "plate paintings", large-scale paintings on broken ceramic plates. Italian fashion designers Adrienne Vittadini (1944-) and Gianluigi Vittadini found a new knitwear co. featuring tunic tops, with the soundbyte: "I don't dress the investment banker"; they sell $1.7M this year, and by 1998 they have $100M annual sales. Am. pop singer Linda Ronstadt (1946-) dates Calif. gov. Jerry Brown, which is featured on the cover of Newsweek (Apr.); in the mid-80s she dates Star Wars dir. George Lucas, causing more buzz, which she feeds by refusing to be photographed with him. The nonprofit Helping Hands org. is founded with help from the U.S. Veterans Admin. to place trained monkeys with paralyzed people; they are even trained to play records. Biogen Inc. is founded in Boston, Mass. by molecular biologists Philip Allen Sharp (1944-) and Walter Gilbert (1932-), who develop a way to sequence DNA, after which Gilbert shares the 1980 Nobel Medicine Prize and Sharp the 1993 Nobel Med. Prize. Home Depot is founded in Atlanta, Ga. by Jewish-Am. entrepreneurs Arthur M. Blank (1942-) and Bernard "Bernie" Marcus (1929-) to cater to do-it-yourself home improvement types, expanding to 450 stores by 1992 and over 1K by 2000, causing the demise of mom and pop hardware stores. Mass.-born camping equipment distributor Paul B. Fireman (1940-) begins importing Reebok brand high-priced running shoes from the Reebok Internat. Ltd. firm in Lancashire, England (founded 1890). Opelousas, La.-born Cajun chef Paul "Lean Gene Autry" Prudomme (1940-2015) opens K-Paul Louisiana Kitchen on Chartres St. in New Orleans, going on to introduce blackened redfish, creating a craze that depletes Gulf stocks, causing a moratorium to be declared. Comme Chez Soi (Just Like Home) restaurant in Brussels, Belgian (founded in 1926), run by Belgian chef Pierre Wynants (1939-) achieves three Michelin stars (until 2006); in 2005 his Ostend Queen restaurant receives a good Michelin review although it had not yet opened, causing a firestorm of controversy, after which all 50K copies are recalled. The Primrose Internat. Viola Competition is created in honor of Scottish viola master William Primrose (1904-82). The comic strip Captain Canada (AKA Newfoundland) begins appearing in the Canadian Sunday Herald, owned by Eastern mysticism-loving Geoff William Stirling (1921-). English singer Elvis Costello (1954-) and Am. singer Bonnie Bramlett (1944-) get in a scene in a bar where he calls James Brown a "jive-ass nigger" and Ray Charles a "blind, stupid nigger", and she blabs it to the press. Keith Richards' Italian-born practicing witch model-actress partner (since 1967) Anita Pallenberg (1944-) (former lover of Brian Jones) is arrested for the death of 17-y.-o. groundskeeper Scott Cantrell in her bed at their house in South Salem, N.Y., but the death is ruled a suicide despite rumors they were lovers playing Russian Roulette. Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. is founded in Chico, Calif. by homebrewers Paul Camusi and Ken Grossman (1954-) (who buys Camusi out in 1998), selling Sierra Nevada Pale Ale, which produces 31K barrels/year in 1990, becoming the first microbrewery to grow out of the micro classification (25K barrels/year), going on to become the 2nd best-selling craft beer in the U.S. after Samuel Adams Boston Lager (786K barrels/year in 2010). Revolver Records (Music) is founded in Britain by Paul Birch, going on to sign punk rock groups incl. The Stone Roses, The Wild Flowers, Crazyhead, The Vibrators, Jane's Addiction, and Crazyhead. The first immigrant from Thailand to Iceland arrives, growing to 1K by 2017. The Chinese Cordgrass Invasion begins when Spartina alterniflora cordgrass from E North Am. is introduced to China to help reclaim land, and it begins spreading, covering 400K hectares by 2013. Late in this decade Sour Patch Kids (originally Sour Group Kids until 1985, named after the Cabbage Patch Kids) sour-to-sweet candies, with the slogan "Sour. Sweet. Gone", invented by Frank Galatolie of Jaret Internat are acquired by Mondelez Internat. and Malaco Licorice Co. of Sweden, who form the M&A Candy Co. in Hamilton, Ont., Canada to manufacture them; they are briefly called Mars Men. Sports: On Feb. 18 the 1979 (21st) Daytona 500 is won by Richard Lee Petty (1937-) (6th win) after leaders Cale Yarborough and Donnie Allison, along with Donnie's brother Bobby Allison crash and get into "The Fight" during the race's first nat. TV broadcast, bringing nat. publicity to NASCAR, helped by being being broadcast during an East Coast blizzard, boosting the race's popularity, with Motorsports announcer and editor Richard "Dick" Berggren (1942-) (known for wearing a flat cap) uttering the soundbyte: "Nobody knew it then, but that was the race that got everything going. It was the first 'water cooler' race, the first time people had stood around water coolers on Monday and talked about seeing a race on TV the day before. It took a while, years maybe, to realize how important it was." On Mar. 26 the 41st NCA Men's Basketball Championship sees the Michigan State Spartans defeat the Indiana State Sycamores 75-64 as black point guard Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. (1959-) outscores white forward Larry Bird (1956-) by 24-19, snapping Indiana State's 33-game win streak; commentator Al McGuire utters the soundbyte that the game "put college basketball on its afterburner"; Johnson wins a high school championship, NCAA championship, and NBA championship all within three years (1977-80). On Apr. 13 the world's longest doubles ping-pong match ends after 101 hours. On May 13-21 the Montreal Canadians defeat the New York Rangers by 4-1 to win the 1979 Stanley Cup, becoming their 4th straight; last time that two teams of the Original Six (before 1967) compete in the final until ?. On May 20-June 1 the Seattle SuperSonics defeat the Washington Bullets by 4-1 in the 1979 NBA Finals AKA the George Washington Series, giving Seattle, Wash. its first pro sports championship since the Seattle Metropolitans won the Stanley Cup in 1917; Dennis Johnson of Seattle is MVP. On May 13-21 the 1979 Stanley Cup Finals see the Montreal Canadiens defeat the New York Rangers (first Finals appearance since 1972) 4-1, becoming a 4-peat; they don't compete in another Finals until 2013; the 1979 NHL-WHA Merger results in the Edmonton Oilers, New England Whalers, Quebec Nordiques, and Winnipeg Jets joining the NHL for the 1979-80 season. On May 17 after a solo home run in the top of the 10th inning by Philly's Mike Schmidt, the Phillies defeat the Cubs by 23-22 before 14,952 fans at Wrigley Field, becoming the 2nd highest-scoring game in ML baseball history (until ?). On May 27 the 1979 (63rd) Indianapolis 500 is won by Rick Ravon Mears (1951-) for the first of 4x (1984, 1988, 1991) becoming the 2nd win for car owner Roger Penske; Al and Bobby Unser combine to lead 174 laps until Al drops out and Bobby drops to 5th with mechanical problems; Pres. Gerald Ford becomes the first U.S. pres. to attend the race (until ?). On May 28 (Memorial Day) the first annual Bolder Boulder 10km foot race is held in Boulder, Colo., ending at the U. of Colo.'s Folsom Field; by 2019 it has 50K+ runners, making it the 2nd largest 10K race in the U.S. and 5th largest in the world; the 1981 men's winner is Frank Shorter (29 min. 28 sec.); the 1981 women's winner is Denver mayor Federico Pena's wife Ellen Hart Pena; Rosa Mota of Portugal wins 5x; the 2004 women's winner is Madai Perez of Mexico; the women's winners in 2009-17 (except 2011) are from Ethiopia. On May 31 the Am. Athletic Conference (AAC) is founded in Providence, R.I. by the Nat. Collegiate Assoc. Div. 1, with 11 members incl. U. of Central Fla., U. of Cincinnati, U. of Conn., East Carolina U., U. of Houston, U. of Memphis, U. of South Florda, Southern Methodist U., Temple U., Tulane U., and U. of Tulsa. On June 12 26-y.-o. cyclist Bryan L. Allen (1952-) flies the 70 lb. man-powered Gossamer Albatross across the English Channel, winning the Ł100K Henry Kremer Prize. On June 16 Evelyn Ashford (1957-) breaks the 11 sec. barrier in the women's 100m dash at the AAU track and field championships in Mount Sant Antonio College in Walnut, Calif. On June 25 the 1979 NBA Draft sees 22 teams select 202 players in 10 rounds; after they obtain the first round pick in a trade with the New Orleans Jazz, 6'9" Lansing, Mich.-born point guard Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. (1959-) of Michigan State U. (a sophomore) is selected #1 overall by the Los Angeles Lakers (#32), becoming the tallest point guard in NBA history (until ?), going on to play until 1991, form the Magic Johnson All-Stars barnstorming team, then return as coach in 1994, making a player comeback in the 1995-6 season for 32 games; 6'9" Lynwood, Calif.-born forward-guard David Kasim "Dave" Greenwood (1957-) of UCLA is selected #2 overall by the Chicago Bulls (#34), becoming a marquee player along with Reggie Theus and Orlando Woolridge before being traded to the San Antonio Spurs (#10) on Oct. 24, 1985 in exchange for George Gervin; on Jan. 26, 1989 he and Darwin Cook are traded to the Denver Nuggets for Calvin Natt and Jay Vincent; on Oct. 6, 1989 he signs as a free agent with the Detroit Pistons; on Aug. 17, 1990 he signs as a free agent with the Spurs until May 21, 1991; Lodi, Calif.-born 7'1" center James William "Bill" Cartwright (1957-) of the U. of San Francisco is selected #3 overall by the New York Knicks (#25), moving to the Chicago Bulls (#24) in 1988-94; 6'4" Little Rock, Ark.-born guard Sidney A. "Sid the Squid" "Sir Sid" "El Sid" Moncrief (1957-) of the U. of Ark. is selected #5 overall by the Milwaukee Bucks (#4), becoming known for his defensive play, winning the first two NBA Defensive Player of the Year awards in 1983-4; 6'6 Monroe, La.-born forward Calvin Leon Natt (1957-) of Northeast Louisiana U. (older brother of Kenny Natt) is selected #8 overall by the New Jersey Nets (#43), moving to the Portland Trail Blazers (#33) in 1980, and the Denver Nuggets (#33) in 1984-9; 6'6" Kettering, Ohio-born guard-forward James Joseph "Jim" Paxson (1957-) of Dayton U. is selected #12 overall by the Portland Trail Blazers (#4), switching to the Boston Celtics (#4) in 1988-90. On June 26 heavyweight boxing champ Muhammad Ali confirms to reporters that he sent a letter to the World Boxing Assoc. resigning his title, saying that his 3rd announced retirement is indeed f-f-f-final; on Oct. 20 John "Big Johnny" Tate (1955-98) outpoints "Great White Hope" Gerald Christian "Gerrie" Coetzee (1955-) in 15 rounds in Praetoria, South Africa to win the WBA heavyweight boxing title (until 1980). On Aug. 14 a freak storm during the 306-yacht 1979 Fastnet Race (#28) kills 15 contestants. On Oct. 12 after the NBA adopts a 3-point line, guard Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics hits the NBA's first 3-pointer. On Oct. 23 New York Yankees mgr. Billy Martin is involved in a barroom altercation, sucker-punching Minn. marshmallow salesman Joseph Cooper, requiring him to get 15 stitches. On Nov. 11 6'11" Orlando, Fla. native Darryl "Double D" "Chocolate Thunder" Dawkins (1957-) of the Philadelphia 76ers (#53) makes history for his city by shattering a backboard while dunking in an NBA game against the Kansas City Kings at Kemper Arena, then does it again on Dec. 6 against the San Antonio Spurs at the Spectrum Arena, causing the NBA on Dec. 9 to announce a rule making it an offense and introduce breakaway rims; Dawkins names the first dunk "The Chocolate-Thunder-Flying, Robinzine-Crying, Teeth-Shaking, Glass-Breaking, Rump-Roasting, Bun-Toasting, Wham-Bam, Glass-Breaker-I-Am-Jam" - not every gift comes in a box, or bag, or stocking? On Nov. 28 5'10" "Islanders goalie William John "Batttlin' Billy" Smith (1950-) becomes the first NHL goaltender to score a goal in a game against the Colorado Rockies when a puck deflects off his chest protector and Colorado rookie Rob Ramage accidentally passes it into his own net. On Nov. 31 charismatic Ray Charles "Sugar Ray" Leonard (1956-) TKOs defending WBC welterwight champ Wilfred Benitez in Las Vegas in round 15 with 6 sec. to go; the referee is Carlos Padilla. On Dec. 16 Willie Willis wins the Brunswick Nat. Resident Pro Tournament in Charlotte, N.C., becoming the first African-Am. bowling champion in the PBA in a non-touring event; he goes on to place 13th in the 1980 Firestone Tournament of Champions, becoming the first African-Am. bowler in the tournament (until ?); in 1986 he rolls his 19th perfect 300 game in competition. Joan Benoit Samuelson (1957-) beats the other women contestants in her first Boston Marathon (2:35:15), winning a Boston Red Sox cap; she goes on to win a gold in the 1984 Summer Olympics in the year that women's marathon is introduced. Bjorn Borg wins the Wimbledon men's singles title (4th time, and Martina Navratilova defeats Chris Evert to win the Wimbledon women's singles title, her 2nd straight; John Patrick McEnroe Jr. (1959-) defeats Vitas Gerulaitis to win the U.S. Open men's title, and Tracy Austin (1962-) defeats Chris Evert to win the women's title. Kurt Bilteaux Thomas (1956-) becomes the first gymnast to win the Sullivan Award for best U.S. amateur athlete. Spectacular Bid (1976-2003) wins the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes; Coastal (1976-2005) wins the Preakness, with Spectacular Bid coming in 3rd, becoming the first supplemental entry to win. Mark Richards wins his first of four consecutive world titles in surfing. After his fastball was clocked by the Guinness Book of World Records in 1974 at 100.9 mph, Nolan Ryan of the Houston Astros becomes the first ML player with a guaranteed $1M salary ($4.5M over four years). The Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) series is founded by disaffected USAC team owners, covered by the IndyCar Series on NBC-TV, later changing the name Champ Car to Indy Car until the "open wheel split" of 1996, when it splits with the IRL and Indy 500; it goes bankrupt at the end of the 2003 season. Architecture: On June 30 the $4B 6.7 mi. Metro Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) system in Atlanta, Ga. begins operation in the E suburbs, but all 54 mi. aren't completed until Dec. 2000. On Oct. 20 the John F. Kennedy Library on Columbia Point in Dorchester (near Boston), Mass., designed by I.M. Pei is dedicated by Pres. Carter after being financed by private donations from 36M worldwide; it is administered by the Nat. Archives and Records Admin.; a museum is added in 1993. On Dec. 12 the $57M 20,058-seat Joe Louis Arena (AKA The Joe) in Detroit, Mich. (where he grew up) opens as the home of the NHL Detroit Red Wings (until ?). On Dec. 23 the Klein Matterhorn Trmway opens, becoming the highest aerial tramway in Europe (unti ?). The Albert Einstein Memorial in Washington, D.C. at the Nat. Academy of Science on Constitution Ave. near the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is opened. The Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) opens, growing to 50 stations by 2002 carrying 2.3M passengers a day; on Dec. 2, 2007 it merges with the Kowloon Canton Railway. A 44-story apt. bldg. over the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City is begun, made of cast-in-place concrete. Nobel Prizes: Peace: Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910-97) (India); Lit.: Odysseas Elytis (1911-96) (Greece); Physics: Steven Weinberg (1933-) (U.S.), Sheldon Lee Glashow (1932-) (U.S.), and Mohammad Abdus Salam (1926-96) (Pakistan) [electroweak unification] (first Pakistani and first Muslim to win a Nobel science prize; too bad, he's a member of the Ahmadiyya sect, which is not recognized as Muslim by the Pakistan Constitution); Chem.: Herbert Charles Brown (1912-2004) (U.S.) [organoboranes] and Georg Wittig (1897-1987) (West Germany) [Wittig Reaction for organophosphates]; Med.: Allan McLeod Cormack (1924-98) (U.S.) and Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (1919-2004) (U.K.) [X-ray computed tomography (CT)]; Econ.: Sir William Arthur Lewis (1915-91) (U.K.) (first black) and Theodore William Schultz (1902-98) (U.S.) [problems of developing nations]. Inventions: Herbert Allen (1907-) of Tex. invents the Screwpull Corkscrew, with a Teflon-coated screw that allows the cork to be removed without leaving bits in the bottle. Soviet radar engineer ("the Billion Dollar Spy") Adolf Tolkachev begins sending copies of secret documents about Soviet radar and electronic systems to the U.S. (until 1985), giving it a strategic advantage in aerospace technology. In Jan. Black and Decker introduces the DustBuster, the first cordless handheld vacuum cleaner, designed by Carroll Gantz and Mark Proett, becoming their best-selling gadget, selling 200M+ units. In May Am. architect Howard Garns (1905-89) pub. the game Sudoku (Jap. "single number") (originally "Number Place") in Dell Pencil Puzzles and Word Games, a 9x9 grid where each column, row, and 3x3 sub-grid contains all digits from 1-9; in 1986 the Japanese co. Nikoli pub. it, making it popular. On Sept. 1 Pioneer 11 becomes the first space probe to visit and send back photos from Saturn, passing it at a distance of 21K km, and discovering new moon rings. In Sept. Motorola introduces the 16/32-bit HMOS Motorola 68000 microprocessor chip with a 24-bit memory address that can access up to 16 MB, which Apple uses for its Macintosh computer. On Dec. 12 the $28M twin turboshaft engine multi-mission U.S. Navy Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk heli, based on the U.S. Army UH-60 Black Hawk with a hinged tail makes its first flight, replacing the CH-46 Sea Knight in the early 2000s. On Dec. 15 Canadians Chris Haney (1950-2010) and Scott Abbott invent Trivial Pursuit, a trivia game with a die that is rolled to pick the color category, which goes on to become a big hit in the U.S. after being released in 1984, reaching $256M in sales; Fred L. Worth, author of "The Trivia Encyclopedia" (1974) and "The Complete Unabridged Super Trivia Encyclopedia" (1977) sues after finding that they copied his errors, seeking $300M in damages, but loses in the U.S. Supreme Court in Mar. 1988 - sorry, can't copyright facts, even wrong ones? On Dec. 21 the $240K NASA AD-1 (Ames-Dryden-1) subsonic jet makes its first flight, with a wing that can be pivoted up to 60 deg. for better hi-speed performance; it is retired in Aug. 1982 after 79 flights. In the late 1970s the all-weather long-range low-alt. 20-ft.-long 20-in.-diam. 3K-lb. subsonic (550 mph) McDonnell Douglas Tomahawk cruise missile makes its first flight, going into service in 1983, capable of carrying a W80 nuclear warhead or 1K lbs. of high explosives. The $199.95 Sony Walkman is first marketed, designed in 1978 by Nobutoshi Kihara (1926-) (inventor of the home video tape recorder in 1964) as a portable pocket hi-fidelity audio cassette player with earphones, and named in tribute to Superman, although chmn. Akio Morita hates the name, causing it to also be marketed under the names Soundabout, Freestyle, and Stowaway; it goes on to sell 220M units by the time it is discontinued in Apr. 2010; the first version has two earphone jacks since they assume people want to share, plus a cutoff button for conversation. The first commercial Cellular Telephone System begins operation in Tokyo; Bell Lab follows with a test of a system on 2K users in Chicago, Ill. The British Post Office launches the $30M Prestel interactive videotext (videotex) service, supplying 160K pages of info. via TV screens, incl. stock quotations, railway and airline schedules, etc.; after they can't sell the $2K TV sets, they lease them and bill for time used. The video game Asteroids by Atari, designed by Lyle Rains and Ed Logg becomes their bestselling game of all time; Logg goes on to design video games Centipede, Millipede, and Gauntlet. In 1979 Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup (1950-) develops the C++ (C with Classes) programming language - already passing the U.S. govt. Ada turkey up? IBM introduces the 3310 Direct Access Storage System, which holds a stunning 64.5 MB on a single drive, and has a 27 millisec. access time; looking like a row of washing machines, the disks are sealed, and it comes for a low low price of $12,960; discontinued in 1986 - as Bill Gates laughs? The $100 spreadsheet program VisiCalc, by Software Arts Inc., founded by Jewish-Am. MIT pals Daniel Singer "Dan" Bricklin (1951-) and Robert M. "Bob" Frankston (1949-) is introduced for the Apple computer, becoming the first "Killer App" that causes business persons to buy the computer to run the software, and soon becomes available on the TRS-80, Commodore PET, and Atari 800; by 1985 they sell 800K copies; in 1986 it is bought by Lotus Corp. Polar Fleece synthetic polyester microfiber sheepskin is created by Malden Mills in Mass. Science: On Mar. 7 the largest Magnetar (Soft Gamma Ray Repeater) event so far (until ?) is recorded. In July Genentech begins producing synthetic human growth hormone - how long till the baseball home run records begin to fall? On Nov. 20 the first artificial blood transfusion in the U.S. is given at the U. of Minn. hospital - Jehovah's Witnesses rejoice? On Nov. 29 the 52g meteorite Yamato 791197 is found in Antarctica, later being recognized as the first to have landed on Earth and found by scientists, allegedly from the Moon. Omeprazole proton pump inhibitor is discovered, getting marketed under the names Prilosec, Losec et al., getting on the WHO's list of essential medicines; too bad, on Feb. 15, 2015 Britta Haenisch et al. of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Bonn pub. an article in JAMA Neurology announcing that people age 75+ who regularly take proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid) have a 44% increased risk of dementia. German-born British geneticist Sir Walter Bodmer (1936-) (knighted in 1986) founds Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) research to study the heredity of large human families and locate gene markers for specific traits. Am. mathematicians Robert Stephen "Bob" Boyer and J [no period] Strother Moore, developers in 1977 of the efficient Boyer-Moore String Search Algorithm develop the Boyer-Moore Theorem Prover Algorithm, which can churn out proofs by mathematical induction on a computer. Am. meteorologist Jule Gregory Charney (1917-81) pub. The Charney Report (Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment), which concludes: "We estimate the most probable global warming for a doubling of CO2 to be near 3°C with a probable error of ± 1.5°C"; too bad, it never mentions the Greenhouse Gas Theory? German-Am. physicist Hans Georg Dehmelt (1922-) et al. take the first photo of a single atom. Am. physicists Robert Henry Dicke (1916-97) and Philip James Edwin Peebles (1935-) propose that the Universe is flat in order to explain its smoothness on a large scale; in 1970 Dicke proposed that the Universe must have very nearly the critical density needed to stop it from expanding forever; in 2000 results from the 1998 BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysical) experiment study of cosmic background radiation reveal that the Universe is flat, not curved. Harvard dropout Microsoft founder William Henry "Bill" Gates III (1955-) pub. his first (only) mathematical paper, "Bounds for Sorting by Prefix Reversal", on the Pancake Flipping (Sorting) Problem. Albany, N.Y.-born economist Paul Robin Krugman (1953-) pub. a paper founding the New Trade Theory, explaining the role of increasing returns to scale and network effects in internat. trade. Herbert Needleman pub. a study in Mar. showing that small amounts of lead in the blood and teeth of children correlates with lower IQ scores. Scottish physicist Peter LeComber (1941-92) et al. of the U. of Dundee show that amorphous silicon can be used to build Thin-Film Transistors to control liquid crystal displays (LCDs). German psychologist Ulric Gustav Neisser (1928-28) performs an experiment in which he shows subjects a video of two teams of students passing a basketball back and forth while a girl with an umbrella walks through the center, and finds that 79% fail to notice her because he asked them to count the number of basketball passes. MIT biologist Alexander Rich (1924-2015) grows a crystal of Z-DNA, a transient state of DNA associated with DNA transcription in which the helix winds to the left in a zigzag pattern; the other forms are A-DNA and B-DNA; in 2005 Rich crystallizes the junction box of B-DNA and Z-DNA. Am. dentist Irwin Smiley, er, Irwin Smigel appears on ABC-TV's That's Incredible! and performs the first nationally televised demonstration of his invention of Cosmetic Tooth Bonding. English astronomer Dennis Walsh (1933-2005) of Jodrell Bank Observatory observes the first galaxy that acts like a Gravitational Lens. John Archibald Wheeler asks the Am. Assoc. for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to expel parapsychology, which had been admitted in 1969 at the request of Margaret Mead, calling it a pseudoscience - namby pamby, now you're negotiating? Researchers at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton in Hamburg, Germany provide evidence for the existence of the Gluon, which carries the color force between quarks, confirming the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics. The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) on the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii's Big Island begins operation. Nonfiction: Peter Ackroyd (1949-), Dressing Up: Transvestism and Drag: The History of an Obsession. Brian Aherne (1902-86) and Benita Hume, George Sanders: A Dreadful Man; his friend George Sanders (1906-72). Francesco Alberoni (1929-), Falling in Love; internat. bestseller; compares it to a religious or political conversion that happens when people reach an "ignition state" and are ready to change and start a new life. John Marco Allegro (1923-88), The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Christian Myth. Isaac Asimov (1920-92), In Memory Yet Green (autobio.). I. Babbitt, Democracy and Leadership. Lauren Bacall (1924-), Lauren Bacall: By Myself (autobio.); her relationship with Humphrey Bogart; bestseller. William Christopher Barrett (1913-92), The Illusion of Technique: A Search for Meaning in a Technological Civilization (Sept. 5); holds out Ludwig Wittggenstein as the example of elevating substance over technique. Gregory Bateson (1904-80), Mind and Nature. Lerone Bennett Jr. (1928-2018), Wade in the Water: Great Moments in Black History. Herbert Benson (1935-), The Mind/Body Effect: A Trusted Doctor's Guide to the New Medicine. Sir Isaiah Berlin (1909-97), Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas. Charles Berlitz (1914-2003), The Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility. Stephen Birmingham (1932-), Life at the Dakota, New York's Most Unusual Address. Erma Bombeck (1927-96), Aunt Erma's Cope Book. Medard Boss (1903-90), Existential Foundations of Medicine and Psychology. Tim Brooks (1942-) and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network Shows, 1946-Present; in 1995 "and Cable" is added to the title. Carol Botwin (1929-97), The Love Crisis: Hit and Run Lovers, Jugglers, Sexual Stingies, Kinkies and Other Typical Men Today; field guide for women dealing with men. Fernand Braudel (1902-85), Capitalism and Material Life, 1400-1800 (3 vols.); cliometric approach, incl. social details, of how nation-states rule, incl. Venice and Genoa in 1250-1510, Antwerp in 1510-69, Amsterdam in 1570-1733, and London in 1733-1896. Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005), The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design; founds Ecological Systems Theory, which focuses on five environmental systems each individual interacts with: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, and Chronosystem. Frederick Buechner (1926-), Peculiar Treasures: A Biblical Who's Who. Helen Caldicott (1938-), Nancy Herrington, and Nahum Stiskin, Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do!; want a nuclear weapon construction freeze. Edward Hallett Carr (1892-1982), The Russian Revolution: From Lenin to Stalin (1917-1929). Doug Casey, Crisis Investing; NYT #1 bestseller. Anthony Cave Brown (1929-2006), Operation World War III: Secret American Plan ("Dropshot") for War with the Soviet Union in 1957. Phyllis Chesler (1940-), About Men; With Child: A Diary of Motherhood. Noam Chomsky (1928-) and Edward S. Herman (1925-), The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism (Oct. 1); claims that the regimes supported by the U.S. have been worse than any Soviet client. Sir Kenneth Clark (1903-83), What Is a Masterpiece?. Robert Coles (1929-), Walker Percy: An American Search. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Was That a Real Poem and Other Essays; ed. by Donald Allen. Harry Crews (1935-), Blood and Grits. Norman Cousins (1915-90), Anatomy of an Illness as Perceived by the Patient; how laughter conquers psychosomatic disease. Robert Dallek (1934-), Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945; defends FDR. Jules Regis Debray (1940-), Le Pouvoir Intellectuel en France; coins the term "mediology" (medialogy). Len Deighton (1929-), Blitzkrieg: From the Rise of Hitler to the Fall of Dunkirk. Eliot Deutsch, On Truth: An Ontological Theory. Joan Didion (1934-2021), The White Album (essays); zany Calif. phenomena incl. freeways and religious cults; titles keyed to the Beatles album. Jonathan Dimbleby (1944-), The Palestinians. Antal Dorati (1906-88), Notes of Seven Decades (autobio.). Peter Ferdinand Drucker (1909-2005), Adventures of a Bystander (autobio.). Loren Eiseley (1907-77), Darwin and the Mysterious Mr. X: New Light on the Evolutionists (posth.); tries to prove that English zoologist Edward Blyth (1810-73), who was mentioned in Darwin's "The Origin of Species" really invented all the key concepts of struggle for existence, variation, natural and sexual selection, etc. Nora Ephron (1941-), Scribble, Scribble: Notes on the Media (Feb.); bestseller. Joseph Epstein (1937-), Familiar Territory: Observations on American Life; "the wittiest writer alive" (William F. Buckley Jr.). William Mark Felt (1913-2008), The FBI Pyramid From the Inside; claims he "never leaked information to Woodward and Bernstein or to anyone else". George Fetherling (1949-), Gold Diggers of 1929: Canada and the Great Stock Market Crash. Leslie Fiedler (1917-2003), The Inadvertent Epic: From Uncle Tom's Cabin to Roots; Freaks: Myths and Images of the Secret Self. Frances FitzGerald (1940-), America Revised; chronicles the evolution of U.S. history textbooks, showing how they are rigged to enhance patriotism, and how the New Social Studies Movement that tries to add race, ethnicity, class, and gender caused "the most dramatic rewriting of history ever to take place". Gerald R. Ford (1913-2006), A Time to Heal (autobio.); "I had to get the monkey off my back... Finally, it was done. It was an unbelievable lifting of a burden from my shoulders. I felt very certain that I had made the right decision, and I was confident that I could now proceed without being harassed by Nixon or his problems any more" - plus he had a secret deal over his role in the JFK assassination coverup and is a traitor to the American people? Richard B. Freeman (1943-), Labor Economics. Erich Fromm (1900-80), Greatness and Limitation of Freud's Thought. R. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983), R. Buckminster Fuller on Education; Synergetics 2: Further Explorations in the Geometry of Thinking. James Jerome Gibson (1904-79), The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception; rejects cognitivism in favor of direct realism, also rejecting the information processing view of cognition and founding Ecological Psychology. Sir Martin Gilbert (1936-2015), Final Journey: The Fate of the Jews of Nazi Europe. Sandra M. Gilbert (1936-) and Susan Gubar (1944-), The Madwoman in the Attic; how 19th cent. women writers incl. Jane Austen (1775-1817), Mary Shelley (1797-1851), the Bronte sisters George Eliot (1819-80), and Emily Dickinson (1830-86) coped with male domination by making their female chars. either angels or monsters. Dizzy Gillespie (1917-93), To Be or Not to Bop (autobio.). Mark Girouard (1931-), Historic Houses of Britain; The Victorian Country House. Duane Gish (1921-2013), Evolution: The Fossils Say No! (June 1, 1979). Albert Goldman (1927-94), Grass Roots: Marijuana in America Today. Ernst Gombrich (1909-2001), The Sense of Order: A Study in the Psychology of Decorative Art; Ideals & Idols: Essays on Values in History and Art. Barbara Gordon (1935-), I'm Dancing As Fast As I Can (autobio.); blames Valium for insomnia, hallucinations, and convulsions; filmed in 1982 by Jack Hofsiss. Ruth Hurmence Green (1915-81), The Born Again Skeptic's Guide to the Bible. David Halberstam (1934-2007), The Powers That Be (1979); sequel to "The Best and the Brightest" about media moguls William S. Paley of CBS, Henry Luce of Time mag., and Phil Graham of The Washington Post. Oscar Handlin (1915-2011), Truth in History; disses New Left historians and the corruption of the Am. univs. for faddishness, hiring quotas, overspecialization and fragmentation in history studies, and deficiencies in graduate training. Leon A. Harris Jr. (1926-2000), Merchant Princes: An Intimate History of Jewish Families Who Built Great Department Stores; the Filenes of Boston, the Riches of Atlanta, the Rosenwalds of Chicago, and the Marcuses of Dallas. Robert L. Heilbroner (1919-2005), An Inquiry into the Human Prospect. Carolyn Heilbrun (1926-2003), Reinventing Womanhood. Charles Higham (1931-2012), Celebrity Circus. Christopher Hills (1926-97), Rise of the Phoenix: Universal Government by Nature's Laws; The Golden Egg. Chester Himes (1909-84), My Life of Absurdity (autobio.). Edward Hoagland (1932-), African Calliope: A Journey to the Sudan. Eric Hoffer (1898-1983), Before the Sabbath (last work); "Only superior people like Chinese and Jews can make Communism work." Douglas Richard Hofstadter (1945-), Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid (Pulitzer Prize); "A metaphorical fugue on minds and machines in the spirit of Lewis Carroll"; cool elaborate explanation of Godel's Incompleteness Theorem, which ultimately boils down to the limitations of finite numbers of words to completely describe truth?; claims that our sense of "I" comes from a "strange loop", which is "a level-crossing feedback loop"; "GEB is a very personal attempt to say how it is that animate beings can come out of inanimate matter. What is a self, and how can a self come out of stuff that is as selfless as a stone or a puddle?"; followed by "I Am A Strange Loop" (2007). Michael Holroyd (1935-) (ed.), The Best of Hugh Kingsmill: Selections from His Writings. A.E. Hotchner (1920-), Sophia, Living and Loving: Her Own Story; Sophia Loren (1934-). Clark Howard, The Zebra Killings; the 1973-4 San Fran Zebra Murders; no new book on the subject until 2006? Irving Howe (1920-93), Celebrations and Attacks: Thirty Years of Literary and Cultural Commentary; prequel to "The Critical Point" (1973). William Bradford Huie (1910-86), It's Me O Lord! Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960), I Love Myself When I Am Laughing, And Then Again When I Am Looking Mean and Impressive (essays). Leon Jaworski (1905-82) and Mickey Herskowitz, Confession and Avoidance: A Memoir. Howard Mumford Jones (1892-1980), Howard Mumford Jones: An Autobiography. Tony R. Judt (1948-2010), Socialism in Provence 1871-1914: A Study in the Origins of the Modern French Left. Herman Kahn (1922-83), World Economic Development: 1979 and Beyond. Daniel Kahneman (1934-) and Amos Tversky (1937-96), Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk; founds Prospect Theory, an attempt to model real-life choices rather than optimal decisions; On the Psychology of Prediction; Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability; establishes a cognitive basis for common human errors arising from heuristics and biases. George Frost Kennan (1904-2005), The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890. Henry Alfred Kissinger (1923-), The White House Years (autobio.) (Oct.); from Jan. 1969-1973; vol. 1 of 3 (1979, 1982, 1994). Jonathan Kozol (1936-), Prisoners of Silence: Breaking the Bonds of Adult Illiteracy in the United States. Louis Kronenberger (1904-80), Extraordinary Mr. Wilkes: His Life and Times. Frances Moore Lappe (1944-), Joseph Collins, and Cary Fowler, Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity; claims that the world produces enough food but that it is poorly distributed and wasted. Christopher Lasch (1932-94), The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations; bestseller about how post-WWII consumer society U.S. has a fear of commitment and long-lasting relationships (incl. religion), a dread of aging, idolizes celebs, and has turned people into "pathological narcissists" with a weak sense of self; after his fans realize that he traces the roots to the 19th cent. not the 1960s they cool off? Victor Lasky (1918-90), Jimmy Carter: The Man and the Myth; he's an inept boob who can't even conduct the simplest affairs of state? Robert Lawlor (1939-), Sacred Geometry: Philosophy and Practice. Mary Leakey (1913-96), Olduvai Gorge: My Search for Early Man. Timothy Leary (1920-96) and Robert Anton Wilson (1932-2007), The Game of Life. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), A Peculiar People and Other Foibles (essays); Home Before Night (autobio.). Bernard Lewis (1916-2018), Race and Color in Islam. Robert Jay Lifton (1926-), The Broken Connection: On Death and the Continuity of Life; how the nuclear age jeopardizes the age-old attempt to ensure perpetuation of the self beyond death. Leon F. Litwack (1929-), Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery; uses slave narratives from the Federal Workers Project to document the last years of slavery in the Am. South. James Lovelock (1919-), Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth; proposes the Gaia Hypothesis, that the Earth functions as a superorganism, pissing-off Darwinian evolutionists, who smell a Creator or Intelligent Designer? Carleton Mabee (1914-2014), Black Education in New York State: From Colonial to Modern Times. Catharine A. MacKinnon (1946-), Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination; claims it violates existing U.S. civil rights statutes. James D. McCawley (1938-99), Adverbs, Vowels, and Other Objects of Wonder. John McPhee (1931-), Giving Good Weight (essays). Christopher Robin Milne (1920-96), The Enchanted Places (autobio.). Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973), Economic Policy: Thoughts for Today and Tomorrow; lectures given in 1959. Edmund Morris (1940-), The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (first book) (Pulitzer Prize); impresses Ronald Reagan so much he lets him do his bio.; followed by "Theodore Rex" (2001). Ralph G. Martin, Jennie: The Life of Lady Randolph Churchill (2 vols.) (Pulitzer Prize); Jennie Jerome, Lady Randolph Churchill (1854-1921), Brooklyn, N.Y.-born mother of Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), who left him to be raised by a nanny while she hooked up with Edward VII et al. Steve Martin (1945-), Cruel Shoes (essays) (June). Sir Robert Mayer (1879-1985), My First 100 Years (autobio.); knighted on his 100th birthday this year, making him the oldest person to receive a British knighthood (until ?). Alice Miller (1923-2010), The Drama of the Gifted Child: The Search for the True Self; "Experience has taught us that we have only one enduring weapon in our struggle against mental illness: the emotional discovery and emotional acceptance of the truth in the individual and unique history of our childhood." Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999), You May Well Ask: A Memoir, 1920-1940. Jurgen Moltmann (1926-), The Future of Creation: Collected Essays. Paul Moore Jr. (1919-2003), Take a Bishop Like Me; defends his 1977 ordination of openly lesbian priest Ellen Marie Barrett by arguing that many priests are gay but don't have the courage to come out; he later turns out to be one of them. Sheridan Morley (1941-2007), Gladys Cooper: A Biography. Richard Ward Morris (1939-2003), Light: From Genesis to Modern Physics. Penelope Ruth Mortimer (1918-99), About Time: An Aspect of Autobiography (autobio.); up to 1939. Swami Muktananda (1908-82), Kundalini: The Secret of Life; To Know the Knower. Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), My Work and Days: A Personal Chronicle (autobio.). Aryeh Neier (1979-), Defending My Enemy: American Nazis in Skokie, Illinois, and the Risks of Freedom. Percy Howard Newby (1918-97), The Egypt Story: Its Art, Its Monuments, Its People, Its History. Flannery O'Connor (1925-64), The Habit of Being (posth.); her letters. P.J. O'Rourke (1947-), Ferrari Refutes the Decline of the West. Elaine Pagels (1943-), The Gnostic Gospels; bestseller about the Nag Hammadi library and how if Gnosticism hadn't been rejected by the Church, how different it would have been esp. for women. Norman Podhoretz (1930-), Breaking Ranks: A Political Memoir; New York Jewish intellectual goes conservative, shocking fellow Jews, who are mainly liberal? Michael Eugene Porter (1947-), How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy; describes Porter's Five Forces, incl. threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products, competitive rivalry within industry, bargaining power of suppliers, and bargaining power of customers. Swami Prabhavananda (1893-1976), The Spiritual Heritage of India. Nathan Pritikin (1915-85), The Pritikin Program for Diet and Exercise; claims to have cured his heart problems with a low fat and low cholesterol diet plus exercise; his Longevity Center in Santa Barbara, Calif. (founded 1976) charges $4.2K for a 26-day program; on Feb. 21, 1985 after his leukemia returns he commits suicide, and his son Robert Pritikin takes over. Adrienne Rich (1929-2012), On Lies, Secrets, and Silence: Selected Prose, 1966-1978; feminist essays. Robert J. Ringer, Restoring the American Dream; libertarian pep-talk dissing "Demopublicans". Robert S. de Ropp (1913-87), Warrior's Way: The Challenging Life Games (autobio.). Richard Rorty (1931-2007), Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature; claims that Western philosophy will hit a dead end, becoming like scholasticism without reaching a broad consensus or developing anything new. Murray Newton Rothbard (1926-95), Individualism and the Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Conrad Russell (1937-2004), Parliaments and English Politics, 1621-1629. Peter Russell (1946-), The Brain Book. Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (1911-77), Good Work (posth.); according to Buddhist economics, the purpose of work is threefold: to produce necessary and useful goods and services, to enable us to use and perfect our gifts and skills, and to collaborate with other people so as to liberate ourselves from our inborn egocentricity. Elaine Showalter (1941-), Toward a Feminist Poetics. B.F. Skinner (1904-90), The Shaping of a Behaviorist: Part Two of an Autobiography (autobio.). Walter Slezak (1902-83), My Stomach Goes Traveling; "recipe-plus-travelogue". Starhawk (1951-), The Spiral Dance: A Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Great Goddess; bestseller popularizing neopaganism, Wicca, witchcraft, the Goddess Movement, spiritual feminism, and ecofeminism. Gloria Steinem (1934-), The International Crime of Female Genital Mutilation; publ in the Mar. issue of Ms. mag.; "The real reasons for genital mutilation can only be understood in the context of the patriarchy: men must control women's bodies as the means of production, and thus repress the independent power of women's sexuality." George R. Stewart (1895-1980), American Given Names. Robert Stinson (1941-), Lincoln Steffens. William Cornelius Sullivan (1912-77), My Thirty Years in Hoover's FBI (autobio.) (posth.); tells all the dirt. Strobe Talbott (1946-), Endgame: The Inside Story of Salt II; friend of Bill Clinton and future U.S. deputy secy. of state (1994-2001). Herman Tarnower (1910-80) and Samm Sinclair Baker (1909-97), The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet; cut down on fats, salt, and sweets, and eat plenty of oily fish, lean meat, fruits, and veggies. Telford Taylor (1908-98), Munich: The Price of Peace; 1930s Euro history to the 1938 Munich Conference, which stunk up British PM Neville Chamberlain. Paul Theroux (1941-), The Old Patagonian Express: By Train Through the Americas. Jacques Francois Thisse (1946-) and Jean Jaskold Gabsziwicz, Price Competition, Quality and Income Disparities, analyzing the functioning of markets in which goods of different qualities are sold (product differentiation). Hugh Thomas (1931-), An Unfinished History of the World - tell me about it? Lewis Thomas (1913-93), The Medusa and the Snail: More Notes of a Biology Watcher. Hunter S. Thompson (1937-2005), The Great Shark Hunt: Strange Tales from a Strange Time, Gonzo Papers: Vol. 1. Jill Tweedie (1936-), In the Name of Love: A Study of Sexual Desire; the wrongs done in love's name over the cents. Jiri Valenta, Soviet Intervention in Czechoslovakia, 1968. Ezra Feivel Vogel (1930-), Japan as Number One: Lessons for America; anticipates the economic rise of Japan; becomes all-time bestseller by a Western author in Japan (until ?). Barbara Mary Ward (1914-81), Progress for a Small Planet; advocates "the application to the planetary community of certain of the basic principles which govern and harmonize domestic society." Cornel West (1953-), Black Theology and Marxist Thought; calls for a fusion. Dennis Wheatley (1897-1977), The Time Has Come: Drink and Ink, 1919-77 (autobio.) (posth.). Sir John Wheeler-Bennett (1902-75), Knaves, Fools and Heroes in Europe Between the Wars. Nobert Wiener (1894-1964), Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth (posth.) (autobio.); enters college at age 12, gets his doctorate at age 18. Garry Wills (1934-), Confessions of a Conservative (Mar. 31); At Button's. Shelly Winters (1920-2006), Shelley: Also Known as Shirley (autobio.) (Dec. 31). Tom Wolfe (1930-2018), The Right Stuff; bestseller about the background, selection, and training of the first seven U.S. astronauts; makes a hero of Chuck Yeager; popularizes the phrases "the right stuff" and "pushing the envelope"; filmed in 1983. Robin Wood (1931-2009) and Richard Lippe, The American Nightmare: Essays on the Horror Film. Bob Woodward (1943-) and Scott Armstrong, The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court. Donald E. Worster (1941-), Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s; "the darkest moment in the twentieth-century life of the southern plains"; blames capitalist greed for the problems of 1930s Great Plains farmers, calling it no coincidence the Great Dust Bowl happened during the Great Depression. Judith Joy Wurtman (1937-), Eating Your Way Through Life (June). Peter Wyden, The Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story. Frances Amelia Yates (1899-1981), The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age. Arthur Middleton Young (1905-95), The Bell Notes: A Journey from Physics to Metaphysics. Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-87), The Dark Brain of Piranesi and Other Essays; cool dungeon-loving Italian artist Giambattista Piranesi (1720-78). Eugene "Tim" Zagat (1940-), The Zagat New York City Restaurant Survey; becomes a hit, expanding to 30 major cities. Gary Zukav (1942-), The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics; attempt to explain quantum physics to the avg. person. Art: Vito Acconci (1940-), The People Machine. Duane Hanson (1925-96), Self-Portrait with Model; Children Playing Game. Jenny Holzer (1950-), Truisms (1979-83) (multimedia). Bernard "Hap" Kliban (1935-90), Playboy's Kliban. Agnes Martin (1912-2004), The Islands (12 huge square paintings). Roberto Matta (1911-2002), Polimorfologia. Robert Morris (1931-), Untitled (Johnson Gravel Pit #30). Claes Oldenburg (1929-), Crusoe Umbrella (sculpture). Milton Resnick (1917-2004), That Elephant. Frank Stella (1936-), Guadalupe Island, Caracara (painting). Music: ABBA, Voulez-Vouz (Do You Want) (album #6) (Apr. 23); incl. Voulez-Vous, As Good as New, Chiquitita, I Have a Dream, Angeleyes, Does Your Mother Know; Greatest Hits Vol. 2 (album) (Oct. 29); incl. Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight). AC/DC, Highway to Hell (album #6) (Aug. 3) (#17 in the U.S.) (8M copies); last with lead singer Bon Scott, whose final words on the album are "Shazbot, Nanu-Nanu" on the track "Night Prowler"; incl. Highway to Hell, Girls Got Rhythm, Touch Too Much, and Night Prowler (favorite of serial murderer Richard Ramirez "the Night Stalker"). Adam and the Ants, Dirk Wears White Sox (album) (debut) (Oct. 30); from England, incl. Adam Ant (Stuart Leslie Goddard) (1954-) (vocals), Matthew James Ashman (1960-95) (guitar), Andy Warren (1961-) (bass), and Dave Barbarossa (1961-) (drums); incl. Zerox, Cartrouble, Cleopatra, Never Trust a Man (With Egg on His Face), Catholic Day (about JFK), The Day I Met God; last two are dropped in the 1983 ed. Aerosmith, Night in the Ruts (album #6) (Nov. 1) (right in the nuts); Joe Perry leaves during the tour; incl. No Surprize, Chiquita. The Allman Brothers Band, Enlightened Rogues (album #7) (Feb.); Dan Toler (guitar), David Goldflies (bass); last release by Polygram and Capricorn, causing the band to sign with Arista; incl. Crazy Love, Can't Take It With You, Pegasus. America, Silent Letter (album #8) (June 15); incl. California Dreamin', Only Game in Town, All My Life, All Around. B-52's, The B-52's (album) (debut) (July 6) (#59 in the U.S.); from Athens, Ga., incl. Fred Schneider III (1951-), Catherine Elizabeth "Kate" Pierson (1948-), Keith Strickland (drums), Cynthia Leigh "Cindy" Wilson (1957-), Ricky Helton Wilson (1953-85); incl. Rock Lobster (Apr. 1978) (#56 in the U.S.), Planet Claire. Bauhaus, Bela Lugosi's Dead (Aug.) (debut); originally Bauhaus 1919; first Gothic rock group; from Northampton, England, incl. Peter John Murphy (1957-) ("the Godfather of Goth") (vocals), Daniel Gaston Ash (1957-) (guitar, vocals), David J (David J. Haskins) (1957-) (bass), and Kevin Haskins (Kevin Michael Dompe) (1960-) (drums); Dark Entries; Terror Couple Kill Colonel; Telegram Sam (by T.Rex). Joan Baez (1941-), Honest Lullaby (album); incl. Honest Lullaby. Siouxsie Sioux (1957-) and The Banshees, The Staircase (Mystery) (Mar. 23) (#24 in the U.K.); Join Hands (album #2) (Sept. 7); incl. Playground Twist, The Lord's Prayer. Pat Benatar (1953-), In the Heat of the Night (album (debut) (Sept.); incl. Heartbreaker, I Need a Lover, If You Think You Know How to Love Me. Chuck Berry (1926-2017), California. Blondie, Eat to the Beat (album #4) (Oct.); first-ever "music video album", released by Chrystalis Records on home video and in audio form; incl. Dreaming, Union City Blue, Atomic, The Hardest Part. David Bowie (1947-2016), Lodger (album) (May 18); last in the Berlin Trilogy; incl. Boys Keep Swinging, DJ, Fantastic Voyage (nuclear war), Look Back in Anger, African Night Flight. Beach Boys, L.A. (Light Album) (album #23) (Mar. 19); incl. Lady Lynda (with Al Jardine, from J.S. Bach's "Jesus, Joy of Man's Desiring", about Lynda Jardine). Herman Brood (1946-2001), Saturday Night (#35 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder from the Netherlands later switches to art then commits suicide. Faragher Brothers, Stay the Night; from Redlands, Calif., incl. Tommy Faragher, Davey Faragher, Jimmy Faragher, and Danny Faragher. Jimmy Buffett (1946-), Volcano (album #10) (Aug.); incl. Volcano, Fins. Chris de Burgh (1948-), Crusader (album #4); incl. Crusader. The Byrds, The Byrds Play Dylan (album) (Nov.). Johnny Cash (1932-2003), (Ghost) Riders in the Sky. The Cars, Candy-O (album #2) (June 13); cover features a new Vargas girl from Alberto Vargas; incl. Let's Go. Harry Chapin (1942-81), Legends of the Lost and Found: New Greatest Stories Live (album) (Nov.). Ray Charles (1930-2004), Just Because. Cher (1946-), Take Me Home (album #15) (Jan. 25); 1st album released by Casablanca Records; cover features leggy Cher in a Viking outfit; sells 6M copies; incl. Take Me Home; Prisoner (album #16) (Oct. 22); sells 3M copies; incl. Hell on Wheels. Wild Cherry, Only the Wild Survive (album #4) (last album). Chic, Risque (album #3) (July 30) (#5 in the U.S.); incl. Good Times, My Forbidden Lover, My Feet Keep Dancing; Les Plus Grands Succes De Chic: Chic's Greatest Hits (album). Chicago, Chicago 13 (album #13) (Aug. 13). Chilliwack, Breakdown in Paradise (album #8). The Clash, London Calling (album #3) (Dec. 14) (#27 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.) (5M copies); #1 punk rock album of all time?; cover uses the same B/W with pink and green titles of Elvis Presley's debut album; incl. London Calling, Lost in the Supermarket, The Man in Me (by Bob Dylan), The Guns of Brixton (eerily predicting the coming Brixton Race Riots), Remote Control, Train in Vain (hidden track) (used in 1986 film "Stand By Me"). David Allan Coe, The Fish Aren't Bitin' Today. Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), Recent Songs (album) (Sept.). Judy Collins (1939-), Hard Times for Lovers (album #14) (Feb.) (#54 in the U.S.); poses nude for the cover; incl. Hard Times for Lovers. Bad Company, Desolation Angels (album #5) (Mar. 17) (#3 in the U.S.); title taken from the Jack Kerouac novel; incl. Rock 'n' Roll Fantasy (#13 in the U.S.), Gone, Gone, Gone (#44 in the U.S.). Rita Coolidge (1945-), Satisfied (album #7) (Sept.); incl. One Fine Day. Chick Corea (1941-) and Herbie Hancock (1940-), CoreaHancock (album). Elvis Costello (1954-) and the Attractions, Armed Forces (album #3) (Jan. 5); incl. Accidents Will Happen, Oliver's Army, Two Little Hitlers. The Cramps, Gravest Hits (album) (July) (debut); from Sacramento, Calif., incl. Lux Interior (Erick Lee Purkhiser) (1946-2009) and Poison Ivy (Kristy Marlana Wallace) (1953-); incl. Human Fly. Christopher Cross (1951-), Christopher Cross (album) (debut) (Dec.); from San Antonio, Tex.; album receives five Grammys, incl. best record, song, album (beating Pink Floyd's "The Wall"), and new artist (1st time until ?); incl. Sailing, Ride Like the Wind, Never Be the Same; all his album covers have a flamingo. The Cure, Three Imaginary Boys (Boys Don't Cry) (album) (debut) (May 11); from Crawley, West Sussex, England, incl. Robert Smith (1959-) (vocals), Paul Stephen "Porl" Thompson (1961-) (sax, keyboards), Simon Jonathon Gallup (1960-) (bass), Jason Toop Cooper (1967-) (drums); incl. 10:15 Saturday Night, Foxy Lady (by Jimi Hendrix); Killing an Arab. Blue Oyster Cult, Mirrors (album #7) (June); incl. Dr. Music. The Damned, Machine Gun Etiquette (album #3) (Nov.); incl. Love Song, I Just Can't Be Happy Today, Looking at You. Charlie Daniels (1936-2020), Million Mile Reflections (album) (Apr. 20) (#5 in the U.S., #74 in the U.K.); dedicated to Ronnie Van Zant; incl. The Devil Went Down to Georgia (#3 in the U.S.); in 1992 Mark O'Connor releases The Devil Comes Back to Georgia, featuring Johnny Cash. Love De-Luxe with Hawkshaw's Discophonia, Here Comes That Sound Again; Alan Hawkshaw, formerly of The Shadows. John Denver (1943-97), John Denver (album) (Jan.); John Denver and the Muppets: A Christmas Together (album) (Oct.). Devo, Duty Now for the Future (album #2) (July). Neil Diamond (1941-), Forever in Blue Jeans (Jan. 27) (#20 in the U.S.); September Morn. Joy Division, Unknown Pleasures (album) (debut) (June 14); incl. New Dawn Fades, She's Lost Control, Shadowplay, Interzone (from the William S. Burroughs novel "Naked Lunch"). Tangerine Dream, Force Majeure (album #12) (Feb.) (#26 in the U.K.); incl. Force Majeure. Bob Dylan (1941-), Bob Dylan at Budokan (album) (Apr. 23); Slow Train Coming (album #19) (Aug. 20); his first as a born-again Christian; incl. Gotta Serve Somebody. Eagles, The Long Run (album #6) (Sept. 24); last #1 album in the U.S. of the decade, and their last album; sells 7M copies; incl. Heartache Tonight (by J.D. Souther), I Can't Tell You Why, In the City (from the film "The Warriors"), Those Shoes. Alton Ellis (1938-2008), A Love to Share (album). ELO, Discovery (Disco? Very!) (album) (May) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Don't Bring Me Down, Shine a Little Love, Last Train to London, Confusion, The Diary of Horace Wimp. Marianne Faithfull (1946-), Broken English (album) (Feb.); shocking comeback with world-weary voice?; incl. Broken English. Earth, Wind, and Fire, I Am (album #9) (July 16) (#3 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.); incl. Boogie Wonderland (w/The Emotions) (#6 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.), After the Love Has Gone (#2 in the U.S., #4 in the U.K.). Pink Floyd, The Wall (album #9) (double album) (Nov. 30); sells 23M copies (#1 bestseller in the U.S. in 1980); rock opera about Pink (Roger Waters); arranged by Michael Arnold Kamen (1948-2003), who goes on to become a successful film composer, incl. "Lethal Weapon", "Die Hard", "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves", and "X-Men"; incl. Another Brick in the Wall Part 2, Hey You, Is There Anybody Out There?, Comfortably Numb, Run Like Hell. Dan Fogelberg (1951-2007), Phoenix (album #6) (Nov.); incl. Longer, Heart Hotels. Foghat, Boogie Motel (album #8) (Oct.); incl. Third Time Lucky (First Time I Was a Fool). The Fools, Psycho Chicken; parody of "Psycho Killer" by the Talking Heads (1977); a hit in their hometown of Boston, Mass. before spreading nationwide. Steve Forbert (1954-), Jackrabbit Slim (album #2); incl. Romeo's Tune (#11 in the U.S.) ("dedicated to the memory of Florence Ballard"). Foreigner, Head Games (album #3) (Sept. 11) (#5 in the U.S.) (5M copies in the U.S.); incl. Head Games (#14 in the U.S.), Dirty White Boy (#12 in the U.S.). Gang of Four, Entertainment! (album) (debut) (Sept.) (100K copies); from Leeds, England, incl. Jon King (1955-) (vocals), Andy Gill (1956-) (guitar), Dave Allen (1956-) (bass), and Hugo Burnham (1956-) (drums); incl. At Home He's a Tourist (#58 in the U.K.), Natural's Not In It; "It [the album] completely changed the way I looked at rock music and sent me on my trip as a bass player." (Flea of the Red Hot Chili Peppers). Peter Frampton (1950-), Where Should I Be (album #6) (May 30). Funkadelic, Uncle Jam Wants You (album #10) (Sept. 21); incl. (Not Just) Knee Deep. Kool and the Gang, Ladies' Night (album #13) (Sept. 6) (#13 in the U.S.); incl. Ladies' Night (#8 in the U.S., #9 in the U.K.), Too Hot (#5 in the U.S., #23 in the U.K.). Sugar Hill Gang, Rapper's Delight; first hit rap music single; from Englewood, N.J., incl. Michael Anthony "Wonder" Mike (1957-), Henry "Big Bank Hank" Jackson (1956-) (AKA Imp the Dimp), and Master Gee. Leif Garrett (1961-), Same Goes for You (album #3). Gloria Gaynor (1949-), I Will Survive (album); incl. I Will Survive. Bee Gees, Spirits Having Flown (album #13) (Jan.); sells 16M copies; incl. Too Much Heaven, Tragedy, Love You Inside Out; after 6 #1 singles in 18 mo., the disco craze ends, and they tank. Philip Glass (1937-), Satyagraha (opera); libretto by Glass and Constance DeJong, based on the life of Gandhi; #2 in the Portrait Trilogy. Ian Gomm (1947-), Hold On (To What You've Got) (#11 in the U.S.). Throbbing Gristle, 20 Jazz Funk Greats (album #4) (Dec.); incl. 20 Jazz Funk Greats, Discipline (Manchester). Nina Hagen (1955-), Unbehagen (album #2). Van Halen, Van Halen II (album #2) (Mar. 23); album liner notes shows David Lee Roth in a cast after breaking his heel making the leap on the back cover; incl. Dance the Night Away, Beautiful Girls, You're No Good. Herbie Hancock (1940-), The Piano (album #26); Feets, Don't Fail Me Now (album #27) (Jan. 1); VSOP: Live Under the Sky (album #28). Emmylou Harris (1947-), Blue Kentucky Girl (album); incl. Beneath Still Waters. George Harrison (1943-2001), George Harrison (Feb. 23) (#14 in the U.S., #39 in the U.K.); first after marrying Olivia Trinidad Aria and having son Dhani; incl. Love Comes to Everyone, Not Guilty, Here Comes the Moon (sequel to "Here Comes the Sun", 1969). Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Don't Let Go (album); incl. Don't Let Go, A Few More Kisses to Go. Talking Heads, Fear of Music (album #3) (Aug. 3) (#21 in the U.S., #33 in the U.K.); incl. Life During Wartime (#80 in the U.S.), I Zimbra. Patrick Hernandez (1949-), Born To Be Alive (#16 in the U.S., #10 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder from France. Janis Ian (1951-), Night Rains (album); incl. Night Rains. Public Image Ltd. (PiL), Metal Box (album#2) (Nov. 23); comes packaged in a 16mm metal film canister containing 3 12" 45-rpm records; incl. Albatross, Memories, Swan Lake. Isley Brothers, Winner Takes All (album); incl. I Wanna Be With You, It's Disco Night (Rock Don't Stop). Paul Jabara (1948-92), The Third Album (album #3); incl. Disco Wedding, Never Lose Your Sense of Humor (w/Donna Summer). Michael Jackson (1958-2009), Off the Wall (album #5) (Aug. 10); his first adult solo album; sells 20M copies (8M in the U.S.); first solo artist to have four singles from the same album in the Billboard top-10: incl. Off the Wall, Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough, Rock with You, Girlfriend, She's Out of My Life. Millie Jackson (1944-), A Moment's Pleasure (album #10); incl. Never Change Lovers in the Middle of the Night; Live & Uncensored (album #11). Millie Jackson 91944-) and Isaac Hayes (1942-2008), Royal Rappin's (album). The Jam, Setting Sons (album #4) (Nov. 11); incl. The Eton Rifles (#3 in the U.K.), Smithers-Jones, Heat Wave (by Holland-Dozier-Holland). Rick James (1948-2004), Bustin' Out of L Seven (album #2); incl. Bustin' Out (On Funk); Fire It Up (album #3). Elton John (1947-), Mama Can't Buy You Love; Victim of Love (album #13) (Oct. 13); incl. Strangers. Robert John (1946-), Sad Eyes (#1 in the U.S.). Grace Jones (1948-), Muse (album #3); incl. On Your Knees. Journey, Evolution (album #5) (Apr. 5); sells 3M copies; incl. Lovin', Touchin', Squeezin'. Patrick Juvet (1950-), Lady Night; Swiss Kiss; Laura Theme. Kansas, Monolith (album #6) (May); incl. People of the South Wind. Greg Kihn Band, With the Naked Eye (album #2). The Kinks, Low Budget (album #17) (Sept. 7) (#11 in the U.S.); incl. Low Budget, Catch Me Now I'm Falling. Kiss, Dynasty (album #7) (May 23) (#9 in the U.S.); incl. I Was Made for Lovin' You (#11 in the U.S.); Sure Know Something (#47 in the U.S.). Gladys Knight (1944-), Gladys Knight (album). Patti LaBelle (1944-), It's Alright With Me (album); incl. Music Is My Way of Life. Nicolette Larson (1952-97), In the Nick of Time (album #2) (#47 in the U.S.). The Human League, Reproduction (album) (debut) (Oct.); incl. Empire State Human. Robert Lee (1943-), The Ballad of Bruce Lee; by his brother. Flying Lizards, The Flying Lizards (album) (debut) (#99 in the U.S., #60 in the U.K.); from England, incl. David Toop (1949-), Steve Beresford (1950-), Michael Upton, David Cunningham (1954-), Vivien Goldman, Robert Fripp (1946-), and Bob Black; incl. HerStory, The Window, Money (That's What I Want) (by Barrett Strong) (#50 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.) (1-hit wonder). Thin Lizzy, Black Rose: A Rock Legend (album #9) (Apr. 13) (#2 in the U.K.) incl. Waiting for An Alibi, Do Anything You Want To, Sarah. Lene Lovich (1949-), Flex (album #2); incl. Bird Song (#29 in the U.K.), What Will I Do Without You? (#58 in the U.K.). Nick Lowe (1949-), Cruel to Be Kind (#12 in the U.S. and U.K.). M, Pop Muzik (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder from England fronted by Robin Esmond Scott (1947-). Fleetwood Mac, Tusk (album #12) (double album) (Oct. 19) (#4 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.); only sells 2M copies in the U.S. after the RKO radio chain lets listeners tape it; sells 4M copies worldwide; incl. Tusk (#8 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.) (features the USC Marching Band), Think About Me (#20 in the U.S.), Sara (7 min.) (#7 in the U.S., #37 in the U.K.). Iron Maiden, The Soundhouse Tapes (album) (debut) (Nov. 7); the band reforms by next year. Barry Manilow (1943-), One Voice (album #6) (Sept. 25); incl. Ships. Bob Marley (1945-81) and the Wailers, Survival (album) (Oct. 2); goes militant and proclaims African solidarity, causing the govt. of South Africa to ban it; incl. Africa Unite, Zimbabwe, So Much Trouble in the World. Curtis Mayfield (1942-99), Heartbeat (album #12). Paul McCartney (1942-) and Wings, Back to the Egg (album #7) (last album) (June 8); first with Columbia Records after leaving Capitol Records; incl. Getting Closer, Old Siam, Sir, Arrow Through Me, Rockestra Theme, Reba McEntire (1955-), Out of a Dream (album #2); incl. Last Night, Ev'ry Night. Maureen McGovern (1949-), Different Worlds; from the TV sitcom "Angie". John Mellencamp (1951-), John Cougar (album); first album to chart (#64); incl. I Need a Lover. Stephanie Mills (1957-), What Cha Gonna Do With My Lovin' (album); incl. What Cha Gonna Do With My Lovin', Put Your Body In It, You Can Get Over. The Misfits, Horror Business (June 26); Night of the Living Dead (Oct. 31). Joni Mitchell (1943-) and Charles Mingus (1922-79), Mingus (album #10) (June); his last. Van Morrison (1945-), Into the Music (album #11) (Aug.); incl. Bright Side of the Road, Full Force Gale. The Motels, Motels (album) (debut); from Berkeley, Calif., incl. Martha Davis (1951-). Motorhead, Overkill (album #2) (Mar. 24) (#24 in the U.K.); incl. Overkill, No Class; Bomber (album #3) (Oct. 27) (#12 in the U.K.); incl. Bomber, Dead Men Tell No Tales (anti-heroin), Stone Dead Forever. Michael Martin Murphey (1945-), Peaks, Valleys, Honky-Tonks & Alleys (album #8). Anne Murray (1945-), New Kind of Feeling (album #13) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. I Just Fall in Love Again, Shadows in the Moonlight; I'll Always Love You (album #14); incl. Daydream Believer. Roxy Music, Manifesto (album #6) (Mar. 1); incl. Dance Away. Juice Newton (1952-), Take Heart (album); incl. Until Tonight, Lay Back in the Arms of Someone, Sunshine. Gary Numan (1958-), The Pleasure Principle (album) (solo debut) (Sept.) #1 in the U.K.); incl. Cars (#9 in the U.S., #1 in the U.K.), Engineers. Gary Numan (1958-) and the Tubeway Army, Replicas (album #2) (#1 in the U.K.); incl. Are 'Friends' Electric? (#1 in the U.K.). Hall & Oates, X-Static (album #8) (Nov. 1); incl. Wait for Me (#18 in the U.S.). Billy Ocean (1950-), City Limit (album #2). Midnight Oil, Head Injuries (album #2); incl. Cold Cold Change, Section 5 (Bus to Bondi). Roy Orbison (1936-88), Poor Baby/ Lay It Down (Sept.). Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Rock n' Roll Nights (album #7) (Mar.). Robert Palmer (1949-2003), Secrets (album #5) (#19 in the U.S., #54 in the U.K.); incl. Bad Case of Loving You (Doctor, Doctor) (#14 in the U.S.). Graham Parker (1950-) and the Rumour, Squeezing Out Sparks (album). Gary S. Paxton (1938-), Terminally Weird/ GODly Right (album) (Feb. 1); Gary Sanford Paxton (album); The Gospel According to Gary S.. Teddy Pendergrass (1950-2010), Teddy (album); Live Coast to Coast with Teddy (album). Village People, Go West (album #4); incl. Go West, In the Navy; the U.S. Navy provides San Diego Naval base for them to film the video, causing a public outcry, boosting the song's popularity; Live and Sleazy (album); Victor Willis then leaves the group, after which it tanks. Tom Petty (1950-2017) and The Heartbreakers, Damn the Torpedoes (album) (Oct. 19) (#2 in the U.S. for 7 weeks behind Pink Floyd's "The Wall"); sells 2M copies; incl. Don't Do Me Like That (#10 in the U.S.), Refugee (#15 in the U.S.), Here Comes My Girl, Even the Losers, Shadow of a Doubt (A Complex Kid). The Pointer Sisters, Priority (album #6); incl. Happy (by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards), (She Got) The Fever (by Bruce Springsteen). The Police, Reggatta de Blanc (album #2) (Oct. 5) (Fr. "white reggae"); incl. Regatta de Blanc, Message in a Bottle, Walking on the Moon, Bring on the Night. Jean-Luc Ponty (1942-), A Taste for Passion (album); incl. A Taste for Passion. Iggy Pop (1947-), New Values (album #3) (Sept.). Elvis Presley (1935-77), Our Memories of Elvis, Vols. 1-2 (album) (Feb./Aug.); Are You Sincere/ Solitaire (Mar.); I Got a Feelin' in My Body/ There's a Honky Tonk Angel (July) - no wonder the rumors he's still alive never end? Billy Preston (1946-2006), Late at Night (album #13) (Oct. 22); incl. With You I'm Born Again (w/Syreeta). The Pretenders, Stop Your Sobbing (Jan.) (debut); Brass in Pocket (Nov.) (#14 in the U.S.); Christine Ellen "Chrissie" Hynde (1951-). Judas Priest, Unleashed in the East (album #5); incl. The Ripper, Diamonds and Rust. Prince (1958-2016), Prince (album #2) (Oct. 19); incl. I Wanna Be Your Lover, Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?, Sexy Dancer. Pure Prairie League, Can't Hold Back (album #8). Queen, Live Killers (double album) (June 26); Crazy Little Thing Called Love (#1 in the U.S., #2 in the U.K.); first U.S. #1 single. Eddie Rabbitt (1941-98), Loveline (album #5) (May 9); incl. Suspicions (#13 in the U.S.). Gerry Rafferty (1947-2011), Night Owl (album #3); incl. Night Owl (#5 in the U.K.). Rainbow, Down To Earth (album #4) (July 28); first with Graham Bonnet (Bradley) (1947-); incl. Since You Been Gone, Bad Girl. Bonnie Raitt (1949-), The Glow (album #7); incl. The Glow. Lou Reed (1942-), The Bells (album #9) (Apr.); incl. City Lights, Disco Mystic, Families ("Families that live out in the suburbs often make each other cry"). Steve Reich (1936-), Octet: Music for a Large Ensemble. Little River Band, First Under the Wire (album #5) (July) (#10 in the U.S.); incl. Lonesome Loser (#6 in the U.S.), Cool Change (#10 in the U.S.). Dann Roberts, Looks Like Love Again (#41 in the U.S.); 1-hit wonder from a nephew of Kenny Rogers. B.A. Robertson (1956-), Bang Bang (#2 in the U.K.). Kenny Rogers (1938-), The Kenny Rogers Singles Album (album); Kenny (album #7); incl. Coward of the County, You Decorated My Life. Kenny Rogers (1938-) and Dottie West (1932-91), Classics (album); incl. All I Ever Need Is You (cover of Sonny & Cher). Rose Royce, Rose Royce IV: Rainbow Connection (album #4) (#74 in the U.S., #72 in the U.K.). Rufus, Numbers (album #7) (Jan.); first w/o Chaka Khan. Rufus featuring Chaka Khan (1953-), Masterjam (album #8) (Nov.) (#14 in the U.S.); incl. Do You Love What You Feel. Saxon, Saxon (album) (debut); original name Son of a Bitch; Peter Rodney "Biff" Byford (1951-) (vocals), Paul Anthony Quinn (guitar) (1951-), Graham Oliver (1952-) (guitar), Steve "Ponce" "Dobby" Dawson (1951-) (bass), Peter "Pete" Gill (1951-) (drummer). Joseph Schwantner (1943-), Aftertones of Infinity (Pulitzer Prize). The Scorpions, Lovedrive (album #6) (Feb. 25); first with Matthias Jabs replacing Ulrich Jon Roth, and first to chart in the U.S.; incl. Lovedrive, Loving You Sunday Morning, Always Somewhere, Holiday, Coast to Coast. Dr. Elmo Shropshire (1936-) and Patsy Trigg Shropshire, Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (#64 country) (#87 in the U.S.); written by Randy Brooks; "Grandma got run over by a reindeer, walking home from our house Christmas Eve. You can say there's no such thing as Santa, but as for me and Grandpa, we believe"; watch video; covered by The Irish Rovers (1982), and Ray Stevens (2016). Carly Simon (1945-), Spy (album #8) (June); last with Elektra Records; incl. Vengeance. Sister Sledge, We Are Family (album #3) (Apr. 30) (#3 in the U.S., #7 in the U.K.); incl. We Are Family (#2 in the U.S.) (adopted by the Pittsburgh Pirates as their anthem), He's the Greatest Dancer (#9 in the U.S.), Lost in Music, Thinking of You. The Slits, Cut (album) (debut) (Sept.); from England, incl. Ari Up (Ariane Daniele Forster) (1962-2010), Palmolive (Paloma Romero) (nee McLardy) (1955-), Kate Korus, Suzy Gutsy; incl. Ping Pong Affair, Typical Girls. Patti Smith (1946-), Wave (album #4) (May 17); a tribute to Pope John Paul I; the Patti Smith Group gives its last perf. in Sept. in Florence, Italy to a crowd of 70K; incl. Frederick (about hubby Fred "Sonic" Smith, for whom she retires until 1988 to raise two children), Dancing Barefoot. Rex Smith (1955-), Sooner or Later (album); incl. You Take My Breath Away; 1-hit wonder teen idol ends up in acting. REO Speedwagon, Nine Lives (album #8) (July 20). Spizzenergi, Where's Captain Kirk? (Dec.). Status Quo, Whatever You Want (album #12) (Oct.); incl. Whatever You Want, Runaway. Amii Stewart (1956-), Knock on Wood (#1 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.); 1-hit wonder. Rod Stewart (1945-), Greatest Hits, Vol. 1 (album) (Oct. 12). Dire Straits, Communique (Communiqué) (album #2) (June 15) (#11 in the U.S., #5 in the U.K.) (first to enter the German charts at #1) (7M copies, incl. 3.6M in the U.S.); Communique, Lady Writer, Once Upon a Time in the West. Barbra Streisand (1942-) and Donna Summer (1948-2012), No More Tears (Enough Is Enough). Styx, Cornerstone (album #9) (#2 in the U.S.); incl. Babe(their first #1 in the U.S., #6 in the U.K.), Why Me, Borrowed Time, Boat on the River. Donna Summer (1948-2012), Bad Girls (album #8) (double album) (Apr. 25) (#1 in the U.S.); incl. Bad Girls, Hot Stuff, Walk Away; On the Radio: Greatest Hits Vols. 1 and 2 (album) (Oct. 15). KC and the Sunshine Band, Do You Wanna Go Party (album #6) (May); incl. Do You Wanna Go Party. Supertramp, Breakfast in America (album #6) (Mar. 29) (#1 in the U.S., #3 in the U.K.); sells 18M copies; incl. The Logical Song (#6 in the U.S.), Take the Long Way Home (#10 in the U.S.), Goodbye Stranger (#15 in the U.S.). Air Supply, Life Support (album #4). Survivor, Survivor (album) (debut); from Chicago, Ill., incl. Dave Bickler (1953-) (vocals), Frankie M. Sullivan III (1955-) (guitar) (songwriter), Jim Peterik (1950-) (keyboards) (songwriter), Dennis Keith Johnson (bass), Gary Smith (drums); incl. Somewhere in America. James Taylor (1948-), Flag (album #9) (May); incl. Up on the Roof. Livingston Taylor (1950-), Echoes (album). George Thorogood (1950-) and the Destroyers, Better Than the Rest (album #3) (Sept.) (#78 in the U.S.). Toto, Hydra (album #2) (Oct.); incl. 99 (inspired by the George Lucas film "THX 1138"), St. George and the Dragon, All Us Boys. Cheap Trick, Cheap Trick at Budokan (album) (Feb.) (#4 in the U.S.) (3M copies); recorded Apr. 28, 1978 at the Nippon Budokan in Japan, where they become known as the "American Beatles"; incl. Lookout, Need Your Love; Dream Police (album #4) (Sept. 21) (#6 in the U.S.); incl. Dream Police (#26 in the U.S.), Voices (#32 in the U.S.). Robin Trower (1945-), Victims of the Fury (album #7); incl. Victims of the Fury. The Tubes, Remote Control (album); incl. Turn Me On, Prime Time. Jethro Tull, Stormwatch (album #12) (Sept. 14). Tycoon, Such A Woman (#18 in the U.S.). Bonnie Tyler (1951-), Diamond Cut (album #3). The Undertones, The Undertones (album) (debut); from Derry, Northern Ireland, incl. Sean Feargal Sharkey (1967-) (vocals), John O'Neill (guitar), and Damian O'Neill (guitar); incl. Teenage Kicks, Here Comes the Summer. Vangelis (1943-), China (album); Odes (album); with Irene Papas; Opera Sauvage (album). The Ventures, Latin Album (album). Bobby Vinton (1935-), Make Believe It's Your First Time. Anita Ward (1945-), Ring My Bell (May 17) (#1 in the U.S. and U.K.). Jennifer Warnes (1947-), Shot Through the Heart (album #5) (May); incl. I Know a Heartache When I See One. Dionne Warwick (1940-), Deja Vu (#15 in the U.S.). Dottie West (1932-91), A Lesson in Leavin'. Whitesnake, Lovehunter (album #3) (Oct.); album features drawing of a naked woman straddling a huge snake by Chris Achilleos, who refuses to do more covers for years after the controversy; incl. Love Hunter, Long Way from Home. Slim Whitman (1924-), All My Best (album); sells 1.5M copies, becoming the best-selling TV-marketed record in music history. The Who, The Kids Are Alright Soundtrack (double album) (June 24). Stevie Wonder (1950-), Journey Through the Secret Life of Plants (album) (Oct. 30); incl. Send One Your Love. Tammy Wynette (1942-98), Just Tammy (album); incl. No One Else in This World; They Call it Makin' Love. XTC, Drums and Wires (album #3) (Aug. 17) (#176 in the U.S., #34 in the U.K.); incl. Making Plans for Nigel (#17 in the U.K.), Life Begins at the Hop (#44 in the U.K.). Neil Young (1945-) and Crazy Horse, Rust Never Sleeps (album) (July 2); recorded at the Cow Palace in San Francisco; incl. My My, Hey Hey (Out of the Blue), Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black). Frank Zappa (1940-93), Sleep Dirt (album) (Jan. 19); original title "Hot Rats III"; Sheik Yerbouti (double album) (Mar. 3) (shake your booty); incl. I Have Been in You, Jewish Princess; Orchestral Favorites (album) (May); the 37-piece Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Orchestra; Joe's Garage: Acts I, II & III (triple album) (Sept. 17); a rock opera about a world where music is illegal; features Ike Willis as Joe and Zappa as the Central Scrutinizer. Movies: Blake Edwards' 10 (Oct. 5) (Orion Pictures) stars cute cuddly English actor Dudley Stuart John Moore (1935-2002) as songwriter George Webber, whose success requires a "10" girl of his dreams (instead of house-garden-kitchen variety Samantha Taylor, played by Julie Andrews), and who just happens to walk by, wearing plaited blonde cornrows, in the form of Jenny Hanley (Bo Derek); too bad, she's a newlwed; "A temptingly tasteful comedy for adults who can count"; #5 grossing film of 1979 ($74.8M on a $5M-$6M budget) - a hidden interracial sex message is its secret mojo? Jeanne Moreau's L'Adolescente (Jan. 24) stars Laetitia Chauveau as 13-y.-o. nymphet Marie, and Simone Signoret as her mother, who watches her sexual awakening with a local doctor. Ridley Scott's Alien (May 25) (20th Cent. Fox, London) is a quantum leap in sci-fi and horror flicks, starring manly woman Sigourney (Susan Alexander) Weaver (1949-) (who named herself after Sigourney Howard in "The Great Gatsby") as space hero Ripley, taking on the ultimate ET cockroach infestation on the mining ship Nostromo; the scene of the baby alien popping out of John Hurt's chest in the mess hall is a keeper; Nigerian actor Bolaji Badejo (1953-92) plays the alien; the flick is a big hit, spawning three sequels, "Aliens" (1986), "Alien 3" (1992), and "Alien: Resurrection" (1997); "In space no one can hear you scream"; #8 grossing film of 1979 (104.9M U.S. and $203.6M worldwide box office on an $11M budget). Bob Fosse's All That Jazz (Dec. 20), Fosse's drugged-up womanizing autobio. dancer life story stars Roy Scheider as narcissistic Joe Gideon (Fosse), Jessica Lange as Angelique, and Ben Vereen as O'Connor Flood. Stuart Rosenberg's The Amityville Horror (July 27) (Am. Internat. Pictures), based on the 1977 book by Jay Anson stars James Brolin and Margot Kidder as newlyweds George and Kathy Lutz, who move into a haunted house and call Father Delaney (Rod Steiger) to bless it, until it orders him to get out and blinds him; does $86.4M box office on a $4.7M budget; "It's the kind of house they don't built anymore, the relic of a time when the world wasn't in such a hurry, when there was still time for a little charm and elegance. It has stood empty for along while, and at the price it is a bargain. For a growing youn family it is almost too good to be true"; "28 days after the Lutz family moved into their dream house, they were running for their lives. What happened to them is an experience in terror you will never forget. And you will believe in the Amityville Horror"; spawns the Amityville Horror film series, incl. "Amityville II: The Possession" (1982), "Amityville 3-D" (1983), "Amityville 4: The Evil Escapes" (1989, "The Amityville Curse" (1990), "Amityville 1992: It's About Time" (1992), "Amityville: A New Generation" (1993), "Amityville Dollhouse" (1996), "The Amityville Horror" (2005), "Amityville: The Awakening" (2017). Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now (Aug. 15), based on Joseph Conrad's 1902 novel "Heart of Darkness" makes a star of Martin Sheen (Ramon Gerardo Antonio Estevez) (1940-) as disillusioned Army Capt. Benjamin Willard, who is sent on a mission to travel in a speed boat upriver to Cambodia to assassinate renegade Col. Kurtz (Marlon Brando); the film debut of Laurence "Larry" Fishburne III (1961-); Dennis Hopper plays a hopped-out photographer, with the soundbyte: "What are they going to say, that he was a kind man, that he was a wise man, that he had plans, man?"; Robert Duvall almost steals the show as a bulletproof major playing Wagner to the gooks from an attack heli and shouting, "I love the smell of napalm in the morning"; #3 grossing film of 1979 ($78.8M). Hal Ashley's Being There (Dec. 19), based on the 1971 Jerzy Kosinski novel stars Peter Sellers as Chance the Gardener, who knows nothing but what he's seen on TV, and ends up as adviser to businessman Benjamin Turnbull Rand (Melvyn Douglas) and his wife Eve Rand (Shirley MacLaine). Ira Wohl's Best Boy (Sept. 7) is a documentary about his retarded cousin Philly Wohl, with Zero Mostel as himself. Gary Nelson's The Black Hole (Dec. 21) (Disney's most expensive film to date at $20M plus $6M for advertising) is a silly sci-fi flick starring Maximilian Schell, Robert Forster, Joseph Bottoms, Yvette Mimieux, Anthony Perkins, and Ernest Borgnine; the opening credits sequence features the longest computer graphics shot in a film to date, and the film features the world's first digitally recorded soundtrack; the first Disney film to incl. profanity and to be rated PG, causing them to create the Touchstone Pictures label in 1984. Peter Yates' Breaking Away (July 20) stars Dennis Quaid, Dennis Christopher, Pal Dooley, and Barbara Barrie in a bicycle racing flick filmed at Indiana U.; Serbian-Am. screenwriter Steve Tesich (1942-96) wins a best original screenplay Oscar. Tino Brass' Caligula (Aug. 14) stars Malcolm McDowell as the Roman emperor who thought he was god; first major motion picture to feature A-list actors in explicit sex scenes (filmed by Penthouse founder Bob Guccione and Giancarlo Lui), incl. John Gielgud (1904-2000), Peter O'Toole, and Helen Mirren. James Bridges' The China Syndrome (Mar. 16), produced by Michael Douglas stars Jack Lemmon as a nuclear power plant exec with a conscience Jack Godell, and Douglas and James Fonda as TV journalists Richard Adams and Kimberly Wells, who try to get the truth out against the powers that be; the movie that finally proves that the Son of Spartacus can act, and a lucky accident in coming out just a few months before Three Mile Island?; has no musical score except for the credits?; does on a $51.7M box office on a $5.9M budget. Francesco Rosi's Christ Stopped at Eboli (Cristo si e Fermato a Eboli) (Feb. 23), based on the Carlo Levi novel and set in 1935 Fascist Italy stars Gian Maria Volonte as painter-writer-physician Carlo Levi, who is arrested by the Italian Fascists in 1935 and exiled to the remote Basilicata region of Lucania; Irene Pappas plays Giulia Venere. Istvan Szabo's Confidence, set in WWII Hungary stars Ildiko Bansagi and Peter Andorai as married fugitives, but not to each other. Richard Lester's Cuba (Dec. 21) (United Artists) stars Sean Connery as British counterterrorism expert Maj. Robert Dapes, who arrives too late to stop Castro's takeover, while wooing old flame Alexandra "Alex" de Pulido (Brooke Adams), whose hubby Juan (Chris Sarandon) is tiring of her; Hector Elizondo plays Capt. Raphael Ramirez; Denholm Elliott plays Donald Skinner; Martin Balsim plays Cuban Gen. Bello; "Part Heavn... Part Hell... Pure Havana." Noel Nosseck's Dreamer stars Tim Matheson as a Rocky wannabe 10-pin bowler in Alton, Ill., with babe Karen (Susan Blakely) and mgr. Harry (Jack Warden); bowling star Dick Weber plays Johnny Watkin; musical score by Bill Conti of "Rocky" fame. Sydney Pollack's The Electric Horseman (Dec. 21) stars Robert Redford as Sonny Steele, who balks at appearance on a Las Vegas stage in a light suit, and goes renegade; co-stars Jane Fonda as Alice "Hallie" Martin, and Willie Nelson as Wendell Hickson; #10 grossing film of 1979 ($61.8M). Don Siegel's Escape from Alcatraz (June 22) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1963 J. Campbell Bruce book about the 1962 Big Escape from Alcatraz stars Clint Eastwood as Frank Morris, who duels with the warden (Patrick McGoohan) while planning his escape with fellow prisoners Clarence Anglin (Jack Thibeau) and John Angln (Fred Ward); film debut of Danny Glover; does $43M box office on an $8M budget. Robert Aldrich's The Frisco Kid (July 13) stars Gene Wilder as Polish Rabbi Avram Belinski, who travels from Philly to San Francisco accompanied by bank robber Tommy Lillard (Harrison Ford); does $4.7M box office on a $9.2M budget. Martin Brest's Going in Style (Dec.) stars George Burns, Art Carney, and Lee Strasberg as three senior citizens in New York City who decide to rob a bank in Groucho Marx glasses. Lewis John Carlino's The Great Santini (Oct. 26), based on the 1976 Pat Conroy autobio. novel stars Robert Duvall as Marine pilot Lt. Col. Bull Meechum in a tear-jerker about dysfunctional relationships; "Being a warrior without a war has its problems"; "The bravest thing he would ever do was let his family love him." Milos Forman's Hair (Mar. 14), written by Michael Weller based on the musical by Gerome Ragni and James Rado stars John Savage as Claude Hooper Bukowski, an Okie who arrives in New York City, and hooks up with some hippies, incl. Georger Berger (Treat Williams) and Sheila Franklin (Beverly D'Angelo), then has to go to fight in the Vietnam War. Joan Micklin Silver's Head Over Heels, based on Ann Beattie's 1976 novel "Chilly Scenes of Winter" stars John Heard as Charles, who chases married woman Laura (Mary Beth Hurt), and finds that his dreams of the 1960s are being ruined in the 1970s; after it flops, the title is restored and the ending changed, and it is rereleased in 1982, making it a hit, becoming the theme movie for the '60s generation. Richard Pearce's Heartland (Sept. 22), set on a ranch in the Old West stars Conchata Ferrell as Elinore Randall Stewart, and Rip Torn as Clyde Stewart. Carl Reiner's The Jerk (Dec. 14) stars Steve Martin in his first starring role as a white guy who "was born a poor black child", then works his way up to wealth with his Optigrab invention, only to slide back down to contented poverty; the dog's name is Shithead; #6 grossing film of 1979 ($72.6M). Peter Sykes' and John Krish's Biblical drama Jesus (AKA The Jesus Film) (Oct. 19) (Inspirational Films) (Warner Bros. Pictures), produced by John Heyman and the Campus Crusade for Christ and shot in Israel slavishly follows the Gospel of Luke in the Good News Bible, starring Brian Deacon as Jesus, Rivka Neumann as Mary, Yosef Shiloach as Joseph, Talia Shapira as Mary Magdalene, and Alexander Scourby as Luke, becoming the most-watched and most-translated motion picture of all time?; does $4M box office on a $6M budget. Walton Green's Journey through the Secret Life of Plants, based on the 1973 book by Peter Tomkins and Christopher Bird features music by Stevie Wonder. Robert Benton's Kramer vs. Kramer (Dec. 19), a family drama based on an Avery Corman novel about the impact of a divorce is an Academy Awards vehicle for stars Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep; #1 grossing film of 1979 ($106.2M). Anthony Page's The Lady Vanishes is a remake of the 1938 Alfred Hitchcock film about train passengers (Elliott Gould, Cybill Shepherd) investigating the mysterious disappearance of English nanny Miss Froy. Terry Jones' Monty Python's Life of Brian (Aug. 17) is about Brian Cohen (Graham Chapman), who is born on the same day and next door to Jesus Christ, and is mistaken for him; financed by HandMade Films, financed by Beatle George Harrison; panned by some critics for blasphemy, and banned in Ireland and Norway, which makes it more popular?; does $20M box office on a $4M budget; "He wasn't the Messiah. He was a very naughty boy." Bernardo Bertolucci's La Luna (Sept. 30) stars Jill Clayburgh as opera singer Caterina Silveri, whose son Joe (Matthew Barry) is a heroin addict, and turns her on until she masturbates him to help his, er, withdrawal. Trevor Nunn's Macbeth (ITV) is a videotaped version of a Royal Shakespeare Co. production of the Shakespeare play set on a dark stage and dir. by Philip Casson; stars Ian McKellen and Judi Dench. George Miller's Mad Max (Apr. 12) makes a star of hunky Peekskill, N.Y.-born Mel Colmcille Gerard Gibson (1956-) as "Mad Max" Rockatansky, a cop whose babe Jessie (Joanne Samuel) is killed by a biker gang in apocalyptic Australia, causing him to become a revenge machine on wheels; puts Australia on the cinematic map; does $100M box office on a $400K budget; spawns sequels "Mad Max 2 (The Road Warrior)" (1981), "Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome" (1985), and "Mad Max: Fury Road" (2015). Woody Allen's Manhattan (Apr. 25) stars Allen as divorced New Yorker Isaac Davis, who dates high school gal Tracy (Mariel Hemingway), then turns to Mary (Diane Keaton), mistress of his best friend Yale (Michael Murphy). Ross Devenish's Marigolds in August, written by Athol Fugard is about the invisibility of blacks in South African white society. Rainer Werner Fassbinder's The Marriage of Maria Braun (Feb. 20) stars Hanna Schygulla, who becomes down and out in bombed-out Nazi Germany and hooks up with African-Am. Mr. Bill (George Eagles) after uttering the soundbyte "better black then brown" as in brownshirts. Ivan Reitman's Meatballs (June 28) is the film debut of Canadian actor-comedian William James "Bill" Murray (1950-), along with child actor Chris Makepeace (1964-) as Rudy "Rabbit" Gerner, in a comedy about low-budget Camp North Star and its rivalry with ritzy Camp Mohawk; "Attention, here' an update on tonight's dinner, it was veal, I repeat veal. Winner of tonight's mystery meat contest is Jeffrey Corvin, who guessed 'some kind of beef'"; the Meatballs Theme is by "Disco Duck" star Rick Dees; spawns several sequels, along with several Reitman-Murray hits incl. "Stripes" and "Ghostbusters". Ronald Neame's Meteor (Am. Internat. Pictures), written by Edmund H. North and Stanley Mann based on the 1967 MIT report Project Icarus stars Sean Connery as Dr. Paul Bradley, designer of the U.S. Hercules orbiting nuclear missile platform, which Soviet Dr. Alexei Dubov (Brian Keith) and his interpreter Tatiana Donskaya (Natalie Wood) help task in a mission to intercept a 5-mi. chunk of asteroid Orpheus; Henry Fonda plays the U.S. pres.; Richard Dysart plays the U.S. secy. of defense, and Martin Landau plays Gen. Adlon; does $8.4M box office on a $16M budget. Terry Jones' Monty Python's Life of Brian (Aug. 17) is a hilarious spoof of Christianity, about a hapless peasant mistaken for the Messiah in 32 C.E., incl. a chorus of crucifixion victims; George Harrison creates Handmade Films to produce it - make me laugh or die? Lewis Gilbert's Moonraker (June 26) (Eon Productions) (James Bond 007 film #11), based on the 1955 Ian Fleming novel stars Roger Moore as 007, Michael Lonsdale as bad guy Hugo Drax, who wants to kill all humans on Earth and repopulate it from a space station, Richard Kiel as his henchman Jaws, and Lois Chiles as the Bond girl Holly Goodhead; too bad, it seems to lose its credibility in a mire of campy space Amazons?; "Outer space now belongs to 007"; #9 grossing film of 1979 ($62.7M in the U.S., $210.3M worldwide on a $34M budget). James Frawley's The Muppet Movie (June 22) features the Muppets of Jim Henson and Frank Oz, with human actors incl. Charles Durning, Mel Brooks, Milton Berle, James Coburn, Dom DeLuise, and Elliott Gould; #4 grossing film of 1979 ($76.6M). Gillian Armstrong's My Brilliant Career (Aug. 17), based on the 1901 novel by Miles Franklin stars Judy Davis as rural Australian girl Sybylla Melvyn, who jilts wealthy young Harry Beecham (Sam Neill) so she can avoid becoming a baby factory and write her novel named you know what; first feature length film from Australia dir. by a woman since 1933; launches the brilliant careers of Davis and Neill. Martin Ritt's Norma Rae (June 15), based on the 1975 book "Crystal Lee, A Woman of Inheritance" about N.C. textile union organizer Crystal Lee Jordon (Sutton) (1941-2009) stars cute loveable Sally Field as a textile worker trying to unionize a Southern mill and taking on the Man; the theme song It Goes Like It Goes by Jennifer Warnes wins an Oscar along with Field. Ted Kotcheff's North Dallas Forty (Aug. 3), based on the novel by Peter Gent about the Dallas Cowboys stars Nick Nolte as Phillip Elliot, Mac Davis as Seth Maxwell, and Charles Durning as Coach Johnson. John Hanson and Rob Nilsson's Northern Lights stars Joe Spano as Midwestern farmer Ray Sorenson in 1915, who founds the Socialist Nonpartisan League. Werner Herzog's Nosferatu the Vampyre (Nosferatu Phantom der Nache) is a West German vampire film remaking the 1922 German film, starring Klaus Kinski as Count Dracula, along with Isabelle Adjani and Bruno Ganz. Harold Becker's The Onion Field (Sept. 19) (Avco Embassy Pictures), based on the 1973 Joseph Wambaugh novel stars John Savage and Ted Danson as LA police officers Karl Hettinger and Ian Campbell, who are kidnapped and taken to a you know what by hoods Gregory Powell (James Woods) and Jimmy Lee Smith (Franklyn Seales), who kill Campbell while Hettinger rabbits, after which he is plagued by thoughts of cowardice and failure while Powell cracks law books on death row and gets his sentence reduced to life; Ronny Cox plays Sgt. Pierce Brooks; "Have you ever heard of the Little Lindbergh Law?" Jonathan Kaplan's Over the Edge (Nov. 2) stars 14-y.-o. Matthew Raymond "Matt" Dillon (1964-) in his first screen role, along with Michael Kramer, Vincent Spano, and Pamela Ludwig in a film about teen going wild in a San Francisco suburb; it is pulled after a few days because of concerns that real teens will copy it, and becomes a cult hit; "They were old enough to know better, but too young to care." Robert S. Fiveson's Parts: The Clonus Horror (Aug.) is about wealthy powerful people incl. pres.-elect Jeffrey Knight (Peter Graves) breeding clones for replacement organs in a remote desert area; "The only thing they don't use... is the scream." Franc Roddam's Quadrophenia (Nov. 2), Pete Townshend's rock opera about alienated youth with 4-way split personalities in a 1963 Mod Britain filled with Vespas, Monkees jackets, Chelsea boots, and Fred Perry polos features the acting debut of Sting of The Police; spawns the Ben Sherman skinny-fit clothing line? Don Coscarelli's Phantasm (Mar. 28) (AVCO Embassy Pictures) debuts, introducing 6'4 Kansas City, Kan.-born former journalist Angus Scrimm (Lawrence Rory Guy) (1926-2016) (who uses elevator shoes) as the Tall Man, an evil supernatural undertaker with yellow blood armed with flying metal killer robot balls who turns the dead into dwarf zombies to be sent to his home planet as slaves, and is fought by young Mike (Michael Baldwin), his older brother Jody (Bill Thornbury), and family friend Reggie (Reggie Bannister); does $12M box office on a $300K budget, becoming a cult classic, spawning sequels incl. "Phantasm II" (1988), "Phantasm III: Lord of the Dead" (1994), "Phantasm IV: Oblivion" (1998), and "Phantasm V: Revenge" (2016); Albert Brooks' Real Life, a satirical comedy is Brooks' dir. debut. Sylvester Stallone's Rocky 2 (June 15) is Rocky's comeback against champion Apollo Creed (Carl Weathers); #7 grossing film of 1979 ($71.2M). Allan Arkush's Rock 'n' Roll High School (Aug. 4), a Roger Corman movie stars P.J. Soles, Vince Van Patten, and Clint Howard, and is the film debut of the black-mopped Ramones, causing producer Phil Spector to take them on to make them mainstream. Stanley Kramer's The Runner Stumbles, based on the 1976 play by Milan Stitt stars Dick Van Dyke as 1911 parish priest Father Rivard, who hooks up with Sister Rita (Kathleen Quinlan). Robert Totten's The Sacketts is a TV movie debuted on NBC-TV on May 15, based on the Louis L'Amour novels, starring Tom Selleck as Orrin Sackett, Sam Elliott as Tell Sackett, and Jeff Osterhage as Tyrel Sackett, brothers who leave their Tenn. home to start a new life in Santa Fe, N.M. in 1869; Glenn Ford plays Tom Sunday. Peter Bogdanovich's Saint Jack (Apr. 27), based on the 1973 novel by Paul Theroux stars Ben Gazzara as Jack Flowers, who pimps Singapore girls to U.S. soldiers et al.; "People make love for so many crazy reasons - why shouldn't money be one of them?" Rick Hauser's The Scarlet Letter is a TV miniseries based on the Nathaniel Hawthorne novel aired on WGBH-TV on Mar. 3-24, starring Meg Foster as Hester Prynne, John Heard as Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale, and Kevin Conway as Roger Chillingworth. Monty Python's The Secret Policeman's Ball is a set of funny live perf. staged for Amnesty Internat., and is followed by "The Secret Policeman's Private Parts" (1981) and "The Secret Policeman's Other Ball" (1982); features music by guess who, the Police with Sting. Alfonso Brescia's Star Odyssey (Space Odyssey) (Metallica) (Captive Planet) is about 2312 Earth, which is renamed Sol 3 and sold to evil despot Kress for slaves, causing Prof. Maury and his ragtag band of rebels to fight back; #3 in a trilogy of low-budget Italian "Star Wars" knockoffs; Brescia uses the alias Al Bradley. Robert Wise's Star Trek: The Motion Picture (Dec. 7), based on the Gene Roddenberry TV series comes about 10 years too late, but fills the need for Trekkies, with the original cast and a $46M production budget; #2 grossing film of 1979 ($82.2M in the U.S., $139M worldwide). Roman Polanski's Tess (Oct. 25), based on the 1891 Thomas Hardy novel "Tess of the D'Urbervilles" stars Nastassja Kinski, Peter Firth, and Leigh Lawson. Rainer Werner Fassbinder's The Third Generation (Die Dritte Generation) (May 13) about the Red Arm Factin stars Eddie Constantine and Hanna Schygulla. Nicholas Meyer's Time After Time (Aug. 31) (Meyer's dir. debut), based on the 1895 H.G. Wells novel "The Time Machine" set in San Francisco during the week of Nov. 5, 1979 stars Malcolm McDowell as Wells, David Warner as serial murderer surgeon John Leslie Stevenson, and Mary Steenburgen as Wells' liberated babe Amy Robbins; "90 years ago I was a freak. Now I'm an amateur." (Warner). Volker Schlondorff's The Tin Drum (Die Blechtrommel) (May 3), based on the 1959 Gunter Grass novel stars David Bennent as Oskar Matzerath, who is born with an adult intellect and spends his life banging a tin drum to protest the passive acceptance of Nazism by the middle class. Ermanno Olmi's The Tree of the Wooden Clogs (L'Alberto degli Zoccoli) (Sept. 21), about poor farmers in early 20th cent. Italy stars Luigi Ornaghi as Batisti. Shohei Imamura's Vengeance Is Mine, based on the book by Ryuzo Saki about serial killer Akira Nishiguchi stars Rentaro Kuni and Chocho Miyako. Hal Needham's The Villain (July 27) is a parody of Western films starring Kirk Douglas, Ann-Margret, Paul Lynde, and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Philip Kaufman's The Wanderers (July 4), based on the 1974 novel by Richard Price about teen gangs in 1962 Bronx incl. the Wanderers, Fordham Baldies, Del Bombers, Ducky Boys, and Wongs stars Ken Wahl as Richie Gennaro, John Friedrich as Joey Capra, and Karen Allen as Nina Becker. Walter Hill's The Warriors (Feb. 9) (Paramount Pictures), based on the 1965 novel by Sol Yurick in a cult film about the street gangs of New York City that is really a remake of Xenophon's "Anabasis" and the 401 B.C. March of the Ten Thousand a fter their leader Cyrus the Younger was killed in the Battle of Cunaxa, featuring the Warriors gang of Coney Island (known for wearing cool maroon leather vests) on the night of June 21, 1979; stars Michael Beck as warchief Swan, James Remar as Ajax (fingerless gloves), Dorsey Wright as leopard skin do-rag-wearing Cleon (black), Brian Tyler as Snow (black), David Harris as Cochise (black), Tom McKitterick as Cowboy, Thomas G. Waites as Fox (who is thrown underneath a subway train by a cop), Marcelino Sanchez as Rembrandt, Terry Michos as Vermin, Ephraim Benton as Ash (black), and temptingly dirty "don't call me no whore" Deborah Van Valkenburgh as Mercy; Mercedes Ruehl plays a plainclothes cop on a park bench; the Warriors gang is framed for killing gang messiah Cyrus (Roger Hill) of the Gramercy Riffs in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx by rival Rogues gang leader Luther (David Patrick Kelly), and forced to fight their way back home through 27 mi. of cops and color-wearing gangs, incl. the bat-swinging Baseball Furies, Hi-Hats, Turnbull AC's, Hurricanes, Saracens, Jones Street Boys, Orphans, Electric Eliminators, Rogues, Destroyers, Panzers, Satan's Mothers, and gun-toting lezzie Lizzies; Lynne Thigpen plays the DJ; Cyrus makes a good point about how the 60K total gang members could rule Gotham if they could work together against the paltry 20K cops; "Warriors, come out to play"; "Maybe you're all just goin' faggot"; "I'm going to shove that bat up your ass and turn you into a popsicle"; the Warriors Theme (Night Run) is by Philip Marshall; the Furies Chase Theme is by Barry de Vorzon - one of TLW's all-time favorites? John Huston's Wise Blood (Oct. 24) stars Brad Dourif as Southerner Hazel Motes, who decides to become a preacher and start his own church; also stars Ned Beatty as Hoover Shoates, Amy Wright as Sabbath Lily, and Daniel Shor as Enoch Emory. John Schlesinger's Yanks (Sept. 19) stars Richard Gere as WWII U.S. Sgt. Matt Dyson, Lisa Eichhorn as his British bird Jean Moreton, William Devane as U.S. officer John, Vanessa Redgrave as his married socialite lover Helen, Chick Vennera as U.S. Sgt. Danny Ruffelo, and Wendy Morgan as his British chick, who attend a New Year's dance where some white English women dance with some of the black U.S. soldiers, causing a fight that leaves the three couples at odds with each other. Douglas Hickox's Zulu Dawn (May 15) (Am. Cinema Releasing), wrtten by Cy Endfield and Anthony Storey is a prequel to the 1964 British film "Zulu", about the disastrous 1879 Battle of Isandlwana, starring Peter O'Toole as Lord Chelmsford, Burt Lancaster as Col. Dumford, Denholm Elliott as Col. Pulleine, Bob Hoskins as Sgt.-Maj. Williams, and Ronald Lacy as war correspondent Norris "Noggs" Newman. Plays: Jean Anouilh (1910-87), La Foire d'Empoigne (Catch as Catch Can). Howard Ashman (1950-91), The Confirmation (McCarter Theater, Princeton); stars Herschel Bernardi. Vernel Bagneris (1949-), One Mo' Time (Village Gate Downstairs, New York) (Oct. 22) (1,372 perf.). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), A Piece of Monologue (La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, New York) (Dec. 14). Thomas Bernhard (1931-89), Vor dem Ruhestand: Eine Komodie von Deutscher Seele (Eve of Retirement). Vinnette Carroll (1922-2002), But Never Jam Today (musical); based on Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". Caryl Churchill (1938-), Cloud Nine (Royal Court Theatre, London) (Mar. 29); critique of British colonisation; stars Anthony Sher, Jim Hooper, Carol Hayman. Brian Clark (1932-), Whose Life Is It Anyway? (Trafalgar Theatre, London) (Apr. 17); stars Tom Conti as quadriplegic sculptor Ken Harrison, who desires euthanasia. Christopher Durang (1949-), Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All For You (Ensemble Studio Theatre, New York) (Dec. 14) (Playwrights Horizons Theater, New York) (Oct. 16, 1981) (947 perf.); Sister Mary (Elizabeth Franz) teaches the basic tenets of Roman Catholicism to 7-y-o. Thomas (Mark Stefan), until former students Gary Sullivan (gay) (Timothy Landfield), Diane Symonds (abortions) (Polly Draper), Philomena Rostovich (unwed mother) (Mary Catherine Wright), and Aloysius Benheim (alcoholic) crash and begin telling their reasons for hating her; filmed in 2001 by Showtime Network; St. Louis tries to ban it, making it more popular? Horton Foote (1916-), 1918; filmed in 1985. Maria Irene Fornes (1930-), Eyes on the Harem. David French (1939-), Jitters (Taragon Theater, Toronto) (Feb. 16); comedy about backstage antics during the debut of a new Canadian play. Brian Friel (1929-), Faith Healer (Longacre Theatre, New York) (Apr. 5) (20 perf.); stars James Mason as faith healer Francis "Frank" Hardy, who heals 10 people in Wales then is killed after he can't heal a cripple. Charles Henry Fuller Jr. (1939-), Zooman and the Sign (Negro Ensemble Co., New York) (Nov.); "I just killed somebody, little girl, I think." Pam Gems (1925-), Ladybird, Ladybird (King's Head, Islington, London). Sandra (London). Simon Gray (1936-2008), Close of Play (Nat. Theatre, London); Stage Struck (Vaudeville Theatre, London); stars Alan Bates. John Guare (1938-), Bosoms and Neglect (New York) (4 perf.); a mother and son; a flop in New York, it is hailed as brilliant in Boston. Jeffrey Haddow and John Driver, Scrambled Feet (musical) (Village Gate, New York); stars Haddow, Driver, Evelyn Barron, Roger Neil. Beth Henley (1952-), Crimes of the Heart; three sisters in a small Miss. town (Pulitzer Prize); first woman to win a Pulitzer for Drama since 1958 (Ketti Frings), and first to win before opening on Broadway; two more women win the Pulitzer for Drama in the 1980s (Marsha Norman, Wendy Wasserstein). Tina Howe (1937-), The Art of Dining. Arthur Kopit (1937-), Wings (Lyceum Theatre, New York) (Jan. 28) (113 perf.); stars Constance Cummings as a recovering stroke victim. Louis LaRusso II (1935-2003), Knockout (Helen Hayes Theatre, New York) (May 6) (154 perf.); stars Danny Aiello. Hugh Leonard (1926-2009), A Life (Abbey Theatre, Dublin) (Oct. 4); stars Cyril Cusack as Desmond Drumm, who has 6 mo. to live; also stars Philip O'Flynn. William Mastrosimone (1947-), The Woolgatherers (first play) (Rutgers Theater Co.); a salesgirl collects woolen sweaters from her lovers. Jimmy McHugh (1894-1969), Dorothy Fields (1905-74), and Al Dubin (1891-1945), Sugar Babies (musical revue) (Mark Hellinger Theatre, New York) (Oct. 8) (1,208 perf.); conceived and produced by Ralph Gilmore Allen (1934-2004) and Harry Rigby (1925-85); a tribute to the burlesque era; stars Ann Miller, Mickey Rooney, and Ann Jillian; features The Sugar Baby Bounce. Mark Medoff (1940-), The Last Chance Saloon; The Disintegration of Aaron Weiss. Alwin Nikolais (1910-93), Count Down. Marsha Norman (1947-), Third and Oak: The Laundromat (Ensemble Studio Theater, New York) (Dec.) Robert Patrick (1937-), T-Shirts; stars Jack Wrangler. Willy Russell (1947-), John, Paul, George, Ringo... and Bert (musical). Sonia Sanchez (1934-), Malcolm Man/ Don't Live Here No More (ASCOM Community Center, Philadelphia). Peter Shaffer (1926-), Amadeus (Royal Nat. Theatre, London) (Nov. 2) (Broadhurst Theatre, New York) (Dec. 11, 1980) (1,181 perf.); based on the 1830 Alexander Pushkin play "Mozart and Salieri", set in Nov. 1823 Vienna, recalling the decade 1781-91; mediocre composer Antonio Salieri (Paul Scofield) is jealous of the "voice of God" coming from "obscene child" Wolfang Amadeus Mozart, and sets out to destroy him; filmed in 1984; the London production is dir. by Sir Peter Hall, and stars Paul Scofield as Salieri, Simon Callow as Mozart, and Felicity Kendal as Constanze; the Broadway production stars Ian McKellen as Salieri, Tim Curry as Mozart, and Jane Seymour as Constanze. Ntozake Shange (Paulette Williams) (1948-), Boogie Woogie Landscapes (Symphony Space, New York); Spell #7 (Joseph Papp's Public Theatre, New York); Black and White Two Dimensional Planes. Martin Sherman (1938-), Bent (Royal Court Theatre, London) (May 3) (240 perf.); stars Tom Bell and Ian McKellen; first play to deal with the Nazi persecution of Berlin's gay community; a scene where gay inmates achieve climax through words becomes controversial. Neil Simon (1927-2018), Marvin Hamlisch (1944-), and Carole Bayer Sager (1944-), They're Playing Our Song (musical) (Imperial Theatre, New York) (Feb. 11) (1,082 perf.); about the real-life relationship of composer Hamlisch and lyricist Sager; stars Lucie Arnaz (Broadway debut) and Robert Klein. Bernard Slade (1939-), Romantic Comedy (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York) (Nov. 8) (396 perf.); stars Anthony Perkins and Mia Farrow as playwrights Jason Carmichael and Phoebe Craddock in a 9-year relationship; filmed in 1983 starring Dudley Moore and Mary Steenburgen. Stephen Sondheim (1930-) and Hugh Callingham Wheeler (1912-87), Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street: A Musical Thriller (musical) (Uris Theatre, New York) (Mar. 1) (577 perf.); dir. by Harold Prince; stars Len Cariou as Sweeney Todd, and Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Lovett; based on the 1973 play by Christopher Bond, based on the 19th cent. fictional char. Sweeney Todd (Benjamin Barker), who kills his customers and turns them into yummy pies; features the song Pretty Women. Tom Stoppard (1937-), Dogg's Hamlet, Cahoot's Macbeth (22 Steps, New York) (30 perf.); The 15-Minute Hamlet; Undiscovered Country; adaptation of Arthur Schnitzler's "Das Weite Land". Ernest Thompson (1949-), On Golden Pond (New Apollo Theater, New York) (Feb. 28) (126 perf.) (first play); stars Tom Aldredge as Norman Thayer and Frances Sternhagen as Ethel Thayer; filmed in 1981 starring Henry Fonda and Katharine Hepburn. Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916-2000), Judges in the Night (Jueces en la Noche). Paula Vogel (1951-), Apple-Brown Betty; Desdemona, A Play About a Handkerchief; a remake of Shakespeare's "Othello", starring J. Smith-Cameron as Desdemona. Dick Vosburgh (1929-2007) and Frank Lazarus, A Day in Hollywood/ A Night in the Ukraine (musical) (Mayfair Theatre, London) (Mar. 28) (588 perf.); stars Paddie O'Neal, John Bay (as Groucho Marx), Frank Lazarus (as Chico). Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-) and Tim Rice (1944-), Evita (musical) (Sept. 25) (New York) (1,567 perf.); stars Patti LuPone as Eva Peron, Bob Gunton as Juan Peron, and Mandy Patinkin as Che. Andrew Lloyd Webber (1948-) and Tim Rice (1944-), Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (musical) (Nov. 1) (Westminster Theare, London); commissioned by Alan Doggett of the Colet Court School in Hammersmith, West London; stars Paul Jones. Michael Weller (1942-), Loose Ends (Circle in the Square Theatre, New York) (June 7) (270 perf.); stars Kevin Kline and Roxanne Hart as 1960s idealists who have to sell out to the system. David Williamson (1942-), Travelling North (Nimrod Theatre, Sydney) (Aug. 22); a middle-aged Australian couple move to the country; filmed in 1987 by Carl Schultz. Tennessee Williams (1911-83), A Lovely Sunday for Creve Coeur; spinster teacher Dorothea in Depression Era St. Louis gets engaged to principal T. Ralph Ellis after he seduces her in the back seat of his car, and ends up with her roommate Body's cigar-chomping twin brother Buddy. August Wilson (1945-2005), Jitney; unlicensed cabbies in Pittsburgh, Penn. Lanford Wilson (1937-), Talley's Folly (Pulitzer Prize); lovers Sally Talley (black Protestant) and Matt Friedman (white Jewish). Sandy Wilson (1924-), Aladdin (musical) (Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith) (Dec. 21); stars Richard Freeman, Joe Melia, Aubrey Woods, Ernest Clark. Poetry: Vicente Aleixandre (1898-1977), A Longing for the Light: Selected Poems. John Ashbery (1927-2017), As We Know. Amiri Baraka (1934-2014), Poetry for the Advanced. Earle Birney (1904-95), Big Bird in the Bush; Fall by Fury and Other Makings. Elizabeth Bishop (1911-79), The Complete Poems, 1927-1979. Robert Bly (1926-2021), This Tree Will Be Here for a Thousand Years. Turner Cassity (1929-2009), The Defense of the Sugar Islands; Phaethon Unter den Linden. Fred Chappell (1936-), Wind Mountain; Earthsleep. Rene Char (1907-88), Fenetres Dormantes et Porte sur le Toit. Andrei Codrescu (1946-), The Lady Painter. Robert Creeley (1926-2005), Later. James Dickey (1923-97), The Strength of Fields; delivered at the inauguration of Pres. Carter. William Faulkner (1897-1962), Mississippi Poems (posth.); 12 poems presented to former classmate Myrtle Ramey. Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931), The Death of the Prophet (posth.). Barry Gifford (1946-), Horse Hauling Timber Out of Hokkaido Forest. Donald Hall Jr. (1928-), The Toy Bone. Joy Harjo (1951-), What Moon Drove Me to This? Robert L. Hass (1941-), Praise. Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), Hedge School: Sonnets from Glanmore; Ugolino; Field Work; Gravities; A Family Album. Anthony Hecht (1923-2004), The Venetian Vespers (Jan.). John Hollander (1929-), Blue Wine. Richard Howard (1929-), Misgivings. Ted Hughes (1930-98), Moortown. David Ignatow (1914-97), Sunlight. Donald Rodney Justice (1925-2004), Selected Poems (Pulitzer Prize). Irving Layton (1912-2006), The Tightrope Dancer; Droppings from Heaven; The Tamed Puma. Denise Levertov (1923-97), Collected Earlier Poems 1940-1960. Philip Levine (1928-2015), Seven Years from Somewhere; Ashes. William Matthews (1942-97), Rising and Falling. Rod McKuen (1933-2015), We Touch the Sky. Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977), Poems (posth.). Mary Oliver (1935-), Sleeping in the Forest. Michael Ondaatje (1943-), There's a Trick with a Knife I'm Learning to Do: Poems 1973-1978. Rochelle Owens (1936-), Also Shemuel. Robert Pinsky (1940-), An Explanation of America. Kenneth Rexroth (1905-82), The Morning Star. Rene Ricard (1946-2014), Rene Ricard, 1979-1980 (debut); a photo of the turqoise-covered book on the beach appears in Nan Goldin's The Ballad of Sexual Dependency (1986). John Ross (1938-2011), The Psoriacis of Heartbreak. Dave Smith (1942-), Goshawk, Antelope. Timothy Steele (1948-), Uncertainties and Rest (debut). James Tate (1943-), Riven Doggeries. Melvin Tolson (1898-1966), A Gallery of Harlem Portraits (posth.); written during his year in New York. David Wagoner (1926-), In Broken Country. Derek Walcott (1930-), The Star-Apple Kingdom. Louis Zukofsky (1904-78), "A" (Jan. 31) (posth.); "The most hemetic poem in the language, which they will still be elucidating in the 22nd century." (Hugh Kenner) Novels: Alice Adams (1926-99), Beautiful Girls (short stories). Douglas Adams (1952-2001), The Restaurant at the End of the Universe; vol. #1 of 5 of "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"; "Don't Panic!"; the answer to everything is 23; sells 14M copies. Catherine Aird (1930-), Some Die Eloquent. Jorge Amado (1912-2001), Pen, Sword and Camisole: A Fable to Kindle a Hope. Rudolfo Anaya (1937-), Tortuga; N.M. Trilogy #3; a 16-y.-o. boy recovers from a paralyzing accident. Raymond Andrews (1934-91), Rosiebelle Lee Wildcat Tennessee. Margaret Atwood (1939-), Life Before Man; paleontologist Elizabeth (inspired by Atwood's partner Gareme Gibson's ex-wife Shirley Gibson), her husband Nate, and their lovers Lesje (pr. like Lashia) and Chris, who commits suicide. James Baldwin (1924-87), Just Above My Head (last novel); a black gay gospel singer from Harlem. J.G. Ballard (1930-2009), The Unlimited Dream Company. Russell Banks (1940-), New World Stories (short stories) (Jan. 31). John Barth (1930-), Letters; a new take on the epistolary novel, recapitulating the history of the novel and the author's lit. career, with a final letter addressed to the reader. Donald Barthelme (1931-89), Great Days (short stories). Roland Barthes (1915-80), A Lover's Discourse: Fragments (Feb. 28); philosophical novel about wouldn't it be great to carry all your family photos together with you in an album, er, an unrequired lover tries to cope? Greg Bear (1951-), Hegira (first novel); about the Big Collapse at the end of time, in which humans are transported to the planet Hegira, which is filled with giant obelisks inscribed with the knowledge of humanity for them to read. Simone de Beauvoir (1908-86), When Things of the Spirit Come First (short stories). Samuel Beckett (1906-89), Company. Nathaniel Benchley (1915-81), Portrait of a Scoundrel. Marie-Claire Blais (1939-), Le Sourd dans La Ville (Deaf to the City). Robert Bloch (1917-94), Strange Eons (short stories) (May 31); There is a Serpent in Eden (Aug. 31); suicidal Warren goes to the party of semi-recluse Joe Marks; Such Stuff as Screams Are Made Of (short stories). Heinrich Boll (1917-85), The Safety Net (Fursorgliche Belagerung); English trans. pub. in 1981; aging art historian turned newspaper publisher Fritz Tolm is elected head of the Association, a secret "power center" in Germany. Pierre Bourgeade (1927-2009), Le Camp. T. Coraghessan Boyle (1948-), Descent of Man (short stories) (debut). Barbara Taylor Bradford (1933-), A Woman of Substance (first novel); internat. bestseller by English novelist (81M copies); she follows it with 20+ consecutive bestselling novels in the U.S. and U.K. Frederick Buechner (1926-), The Book of Bebb; #4 in the Bebb Tetralogy (begun 1971). Octavia E. Butler (1947-2006), Kindred; modern L.A. black woman Dana uses time travel to explore the antebellum South and meet her ancestor Alice and her slavemaster Rufus. Italo Calvino (1923-85), If on a Winter's Night a traveller. Clancy Carlile (1930-98), Spore 7. John le Carre (1931-2020), Smiley's People (The Quest for Karla); #3 in the Karla Trilogy (begun 1974); Karla has a human side, making him vulnerable to Smiley's revenge. Angela Carter (1940-92), The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories. Barbara Chase-Riboud (1939-), Sally Hemmings (first novel); Thomas Jefferson's black sugar sex babe and their 38-year relationship; followed by "The President's Daughter" (1994). Alice Childress (1920-94), A Short Walk. Agatha Christie (1890-1976), Miss Marple's Final Cases and Two Other Stories (Oct.). Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), The Fountains of Paradise; a scientist attempts to build a space elevator. Jackie Collins (1937-2015), The Bitch; sequel to "The Stud". Richard Condon (1915-96), Bandicoot. Robin Cook (1940-), Sphinx; tries going out of the medical thriller biz and learns it ain't worth it? Catherine Cookson (1906-98), The Man Who Cried; Abel Mason dumps wife Lena then hooks up with a wealthy widow and her sister. Robert Cormier (1925-2000), After the First Death. Julio Cortazar (1914-84), Un tal Lucas. John Crowley (1942-), Engine Summer; Rush that Speaks in a post-apocalyptic world. E.V. Cunningham (Howard Fast) (1914-2003), The Case of the Poisoned Eclairs. Roald Dahl (1916-90), Tales of the Unexpected (short stories). Guy Davenport (1927-2005), Da Vinci's Bicycle (short stories). Samuel R. Delany (1942-), Heavenly Breakfast: An Essay on the Winter of Love (autobio.). Thomas Michael Disch (1940-2008), On Wings of Song. J.P. Donleavy (1926-), Schultz. David Drake (1945-), Hammer's Slammers (short stories); first in a series about a future mercenary tank regiment led by Col. Alois Hammer, based on the author's experiences in Vietnam and Cambodia in 1970. Allen Drury (1918-98), Mark Coffin, U.S.S.: A Novel of Capitol Hill. Mircea Eliade (1907-86), Nineteen Roses; Dayan. Stanley Elkin (1930-95), The Living End; three fantasy versions of the afterlife; his biggest hit. Michael Ende (1929-95), The Neverending Story; English trans. by Ralph Manheim in 1983; the parallel world of Fantastica (Phantasien), which is being destroyed by the Nothing in a book stolen from Carl Conrad Coreander's store by Bastian Balthazar Box; filmed in 1984. Per Olov Enquist (1934-), Mannen pa Trottoaren. Oriana Fallaci (1929-2006), A Man (Un Uomo); about her relationship with the attempted assassin of Greek dictator Geore Papadopoulos. Howard Fast (1914-2003), The Establishment. Jonathan Fast (1948-), The Inner Circle. Penelope Fitzgerald (1916-2000), Offshore. Thomas Flanagan (1923-2002), The Year of the French (first novel); the Wolfe Tone-led Irish rebellion against the stankin' English in 1798. Margaret Forster (1938-), Mother Can You Hear Me? Frederick Forsyth (1938-), The Devil's Alternative; the Soviet Union faces a bad grain harvest and Ukrainian freedom fighters in 1982. Janet Frame (1924-2004), Living in the Maniototo. Nicolas Freeling (1927-2003), The Widow (Van der Valk #11). Devery Freeman (1913-2005), Father Sky; filmed in 1981 as "Taps". Nadine Gordimer (1923-), Burger's Daughter: A Casebook; Rosa Burger; a "coded homage" to Nelson Mandela's atty. Bram Fischer. Joanne Greenberg (1932-), High Crimes and Misdemeanors (short stories). Arthur Hailey (1920-2004), Overload; Calif. power crisis. Peter Handke (1942-), The Long Way Round. Ron Hansen (1947-), Desperados (first novel); the Dalton Gang. Elizabeth Hardwick (1916-2007), Sleepless Nights. Mark Harris (1922-2007), It Looked Like For Ever; Henry Wiggen #4 of 4 (first 1953). Jim Harrison (1937-2016), Legends of the Fall; three novellas about revenge, redemption, and sorrow; his first success; filmed in 1994. Gustav Hasford (1947-93), The Short-Timers; semi-autobio. novel about the Vietnam War, used as the basis of the film "Full Metal Jacket". John Hawkes (1925-98), The Passion Artist; Konrad Vost and his babes. Joseph Heller (1923-99), Good as Gold; Bruce; "History was a trash bag of random coincidences torn open in a wind. Surely, Watt with his steam engine, Faraday with his electric motor, and Edison with his incandescent light bulb did not have it as their goal to contribute to a fuel shortage some day that would place their countries at the mercy of Arab oil." George V. Higgins (1939-99), A Year or So with Edgar. Patricia Highsmith (1921-95), Slowly, Slowly in the Wind (short stories). S.E. Hinton (1950-), Tex; "Bambi by another character". Sandra Hochman (1936-), Jogging: A Love Story. Clifford Irving (1930-) and Herbert Burkholz (1933-2006), The Sleeping Spy; sequel to "The Death Freak". Ward Just (1935-), Honor, Power, Riches, Fame, and the Love of Women (short stories). Ismail Kadare (1936-), On the Lay of the Knights. Thomas Keneally (1935-), Passenger; Confederates; Stonewall Jackson's army. Stephen King (1947-), The Dead Zone; John Smith wakes from a 5-year coma and can see the future. Russell Amos Kirk (1918-94), Lord of the Hollow Dark; The Princess of All Lands (short stories). Jerzy Kosinski (1933-91), Passion Play (Aug. 31); Fabian travels around the country in his van home. Milan Kundera (1929-), The Book of Laughter and Forgetting; Czech citizens vs. the Commie regime; Mirek and Zdena. Anne Lamott (1954-), Hard Laughter (first novel) (Apr. 15). Elmore Leonard (1925-2013), Gunsights. Doris Lessing (1919-2013), Re: Colonied Planet 5, Shikasta: Personal Psychological Historical Documents Relating to Visit by Johor (George Sherban), Emissary (Grade 9) 87th of the Last Period of the Last Days. Penelope Lively (1933-), Treasures of Time. Richard Llewellyn (1906-83), A Night of Bright Stars. Robert Ludlum (1927-2001), The Matarese Circle; Scofield of the CIA and Talaniekov of the KGB unite to destroy an internat. gang of murderers. Alison Lurie (1926-), Only Children; children Mary Ann Hubbard, Lolly and Leonard Zimmern spend July 4, 1935 with their parents and a teacher, watching them flirt while they learn about themselves. Peter Maas (1929-2001), Made in America: A Novel (first novel). Naguib Mahfouz (1911-2006), Love Above the Pyramid Plateau; The Devil Preaches. Norman Mailer (1923-2007), The Executioner's Song (Pulitzer Prize); about murderer Gary Gilmore; Mailer's "single foray into punk literature"; he finally makes a comeback from coffee-table books. Bernard Malamud (1914-86), Dubin's Lives; 50-something Am. biographer William Dubin robs the cradle with 23-y.-o. Fanny Bick while trying to write the life of D.H. Lawrence. Robert Marasco (1936-98), Parlor Games. Angela du Maurier (1904-2002), S is for Sin (last novel). William Keepers Maxwell Jr. (1908-2000), So Long, See You Tomorrow. Charles McCarry (1930-), The Better Angels; a U.S. pres. orders the assassination of the leader of an Arab nation who has acquired nukes and is about to pass them to a terrorist org., which is leaked to the press, causing Horace and Julian Hubbard to conspire to steal the election; terrorists use passenger planes as instruments of destruction; filmed in 1982 as "Wrong Is Right"; predicts 9/11? Cormac McCarthy (1933-), Suttree; semi-autobio. novel about Cornelius Suttreee in 1951 Knoxville, Tenn. Mary McCarthy (1912-89), Cannibals and Missionaries; some prominent liberals fly to Iran and are taken hostage by the PLO. Stanley Middleton (1919-2009), In a Strange Land. Brian Moore (1921-99), The Mangan Inheritance (July 31); Canadian cub report Jamie Mangan loses his wife Beatrice Abbot in a car crash and decides to find his roots in Dinshane, Ireland. David Morrell (1943-), The Totem; Wyo. police chief Nathan Slaughter deals with an evil that comes with the full moon. Mary Morris (1947-), Vanishing Animals and Other Stories (first work); childhood and adolescent reminiscences; makes Anne Tyler a fan. Nicholas Mosley (1923-), Catastrophe Practice; part 1 of a series (1979-90). Haruki Murakami (1979-), Hear the Wind Sing (Kaze no Uta o Kike) (first novel); by a Tokyo jazz bar owner who is inspired when Dave Hilton comes to bat in Jingu Stadium in a baseball game between the Yakult Swallows and Hiroshima Carp. V.S. Naipaul (1932-2018), A Bend in the River. Joan Lowery Nixon (1927-2003), The Kidnapping of Christina Lattimore; girl is kidnapped and ransomed by her family, who thinks he faked it. Anais Nin (1903-77), Little Birds (posth.); 13 more short stories on erotic themes incl. lesbianism and pedophilia. Joyce Carol Oates (1938-), Cybele; Unholy Loves. Patrick O'Brian (1914-2000), The Fortune of War; Aubrey-Maturin #6. Kenzaburo Oe (1935-), Coeval Games (Djidai Gemu); for his brain-damaged son Hikari, who becomes a successful composer. Janette Oke (1935-), Love Comes Softly (first novel); first in a series. Edith Pargeter (1913-95), The Marriage of Meggotta; Hubert de Burgh's daughter Margaret, who saved Prince Arthur of Brittany from King John. Vincent Patrick, The Pope of Greenwich Village. Georges Perec (1936-82), Les Mots Croises; Un Cabinet d'Amateur. Harry Mark Petrakis (1923-), Nick the Greek; gambler Nick Dandalos. Jayne Anne Phillips (1952-), Black Tickets (short stories); disenfranchised Americans; her first success. Marge Piercy (1936-), Vida; a 1960s underground activist sees the anti-war movement rise and fall. Charles Portis (1933-), The Dog of the South; Ray Midge; "My wife Norma had run off with Guy Dupree and I was waiting around for the credit card billings to come in so I could see where they had gone." Jean Raspail (1925-), Septentrion. John Rechy (1934-), Rushes; a gay leather and Western bar on the waterfront in the yummy gay days before AIDS. Anne Rice (1941-2021), The Feast of All Saints. Philip Roth (1933-2018), The Ghost Writer; writer Nathan Zuckerman has an affair with a younger woman whom he imagines to be Anne Frank, and faces charges from fellow Jews that his writing is anti-Semitic (like the author did?). Nawal El Saadawi (1931-), She Has No Place in Paradise; Woman at Point Zero; a woman on death row in Cairo for murdering a pimp. James Salter (1925-), Solo Faces. Lawrence Sanders (1920-98), The Sixth Commandment; Dark Summer (pub. under alias Mark Upton). Rolf Schneider (1932-), November; the controversy over expelling East German Wolf Biermann in Nov. 1976. Anthony Shaffer (1926-2001), Absolution; based on his screenplay. Robert Silverberg (1935-), Downward to the Earth. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1902-91), Old Love (short stories). C.P. Snow (1905-80), A Coat of Varnish. Gilbert Sorrentino (1929-2006), Mulligan Stew; his masterpiece?; avant-garde novelist Anthony tries to write a "new wave murder mystery". Muriel Spark (1918-2006), Territorial Rights. LaVyrle Spencer (1943-), The Fulfillment (first novel). Scott Spencer (1945-), Endless Love; filmed in 1981 by Franco Zeffirelli starring Brooke Shields; "When I was seventeen and in full obedience to my heart's most urgent commands, I stepped far from the pathway of normal life and in a moment's time ruined everything I loved - I loved so deeply, and when the love was interrupted, when the incorporeal body of love shrank back in terror and my own body was locked away, it was hard for others to believe that a life so new could suffer so irrevocably. But now, years have passed and the night of August 12, 1967, still divides my life." (opening). Norman Spinrad (1940-), A World Between; about planet Pacifica and its Pink and Blue War; The Star-Spangled Future (short stories). Danielle Steel (1947-), Golden Moments; rich Kezla Saint Martin hooks up with ex-con Lucas John. Wallace Stegner (1909-83), Recapitulation; sequel to "The Big Rock Candy Mountain" (1943); successful diplomat Bruce Mason returns to his childhood home of Utah to face his anger. William Styron (1925-2006), Sophie's Choice; based on a real person he met, set in 1947; narrated by his alter ego Stingo; Sophie's horrible Nazi concentration camp experiences, take my sweet little girl and spare my boy, woo woo woo; the tremendous guilt of surviving; filmed in 1982. Rosemary Sutcliff (1920-92), The Light Beyond the Forest; Arthurian Trilogy #2. Donald Michael Thomas (1935-), The Flute Player. Roderick Thorp (1936-99), Die Hard (Nothing Lasts Forever); sequel to "The Detective" (1968). Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1925-2006), The Buru Quartet; a 4-part novel written in priz on Buru Island in Indonesia; banned by the Indonesian govt., making it more popular? Harry Turtledove (1949-), Wereblood (first novel); Werenight; pub. under alias Eric G. Iverson. John Updike (1932-2009), Problems and Other Stories; Too Far to Go; Joan and Richard Maple; The Coup; Am.-educated Col. Hakim Felix Ellelou, new pres. of the African nation of Kush surprises his Yankee exploiters by acquiring four wives. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922-2007), Jailbird; about the Watergate scandal, or about Roy M. Cohn? Irving Wallace (1916-90), The Pigeon Project; the elixir of life is invented. James Welch (1940-2003), The Death of Jim Loney; 35-y.-o. halfbreed Indian in a small Montana town self-destructs after both societies reject him. Edmund White (1940-), Nocturnes for the King of Naples; gay-themed. Patrick White (1912-90), The Twyborn Affair.; a soul transmigrates from the French Riviera before WWI as Eudoxia to Eddie in a sheep station in Australia's Snowy Mts. to Eadith in London before WWII. Raymond Henry Williams (1921-88), The Fight for Manod; Matthew Price and Peter Own build a new town in depopulated South Wales. Andrew Norman Wilson (1950-), Kindly Light. Sloan Wilson (1920-2003), Ice Brothers; WWII Coast Guard ice trawler Arluk; favorite of the Unabomber? Frank Garvin Yerby (1916-91), A Darkness at Ingraham's Crest. Births: Indian "Jism" actress-model Bipasha Basu on Jan. 7 in New Delhi; of Bengali descent. English model-singer-songwriter Karen Elson on Jan. 14 in Oldham, Greater Manchester; wife (2005-) of Jack White (1975-). Am. football QB (San Diego Chargers, 2001-5) (New Orleans Saints, 2006-) Andrew Christopher "Drew" Brees on Jan. 15 in Austin, Tex.; educated at Purdue U. Am. R&B singer-model-actress (black) Aaliyah Dana Haughton (d. 2001) on Jan. 16 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; raised in Detroit, Mich.; at age 11 becomes a backup singer to Gladys Knight. Chinese "Kato in The Green Hornet" actor Jay Chou (Chou Jie Lun) on Jan. 18 in Taipei, Taiwan. Irish PM (2017-) (Roman Catholic) (first gay) Leo Eric Varadkar on Jan. 18 in Dublin; Indian Hindu immigrant father, Irish Roman Catholic mother; educated at Trinity College Dublin; first Irish govt. leader of Indian heritage. Canadian hockey player Scott Hannan on Jan. 23 in Richmond, B.C. English "Amy Elliott Dunne in Gone Girl", "Helen Rodin in Jack Reacher" actress Rosamund Mary Ellen Pike on Jan. 27 in London. Am. baseball player Lance Joseph Niekro on Jan. 28; son of Joe Niekro (1944-2006); nephew of Phil Niekro (1939-). English "Miranda Frost in Die Another Day" actress Rosamund Mary E. "Ros" Pike on Jan. 28 in London; educated at Wadham College, Oxford U.; friend of Chelsea Clinton. Am. "Zack Dell in Camp Nowhere" actor Andrew Keegan (Heyring) on Jan. 29 in Los Angeles, Calif.; Colombian mother. English "Brainman", "Born On A Blue Day" savant (epileptic) (gay) Daniel Paul Tammet on Jan. 31 in Barking, London; every number has its own color, shape and texture: 6 is a tiny dark cold hole, 9 is big, dark, and blue, 32 is shiny golden sparks, 37 is lumpy, 69, er, 89 is small, soft and delicate, 289 is ugly, 333 is attractive, and pi is tasty, er, beautiful? Canadian "Victoria Sutherland in Twilight" actress(Jewish) Rachelle Marie Lefevre on Feb. 1 in Montreal, Quebec; French-Irish descent father; educated at McGill U. Am. "Break Down Here" country singer Julie Roberts on Feb. 1 in Lancaster, S.C.; not to be confused with actress Julia Roberts (1967-). Yemeni journalist-politician (Muslim) ("Mother of the Revolution") ("Iron Woman") Tawakel (Tawakkol) Karman on Feb. 7 in Mekhlaf; grows up near Taiz; 2011 Nobel Peace Prize (first Arab woman and Yemeni). Canadian 6'3" basketball point guard (Phoenix Suns, 1996-98, 2004-) Stephen John "Steve" Nash on Feb. 7 in Johannesburg, South Africa; English father, Welsh mother; moves to Canada at age 18 mo.; grows up in Victoria, B.C. Russian Olympic figure skater (Jewish) Irina Eduardovna Slutskaya on Feb. 9 in Moscow; Jewish father, Russian mother. Am. baseball pitcher (Colo. Rockies, 2002-11) Aaron "Cookie" Cook on Feb. 8 in Fort Campbell, Ky. Chinese "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon", "House of Flying Daggers", "Memoirs of a Geisha" actress Zhang Ziyi on Feb. 9 in Beijing. m. "Family Man" country singer Craig Campbell on Feb. 10 in Lyons, Ga. Am. "Moesha", "The Boy is Mine" R&B singer-actress (black) (Scientologist) Brandy (Brandy Rayana Norwood) (AKA Bran'Nu) on Feb. 11 in McComb, Miss. Australian "Dr. Robert Chase in House, M.D." actor-musician Jesse Gordon Spencer on Feb. 12 in Melbourne, Victoria. Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik on Feb. 13 in Oslo. Am. "American Beauty", "American Pie" actress Mena Adrienne Suvari on Feb. 13 in Newport, R.I.; Estonian father, Greek mother; stars in a Rice-a-Roni commercial at age 13. Am. "Julie James in I Know What You Did Last Summer", "Melinda Gordon in Ghost Whisperer" actress-singer Jennifer Love Hewitt on Feb. 21 in Harker Heights (near Waco), Tex.; makes first perf. at age 3 in a livestock show; appears in Disney's "Kids Incorporated" in 1984. Am. "Get Out", "Us" actor-comedian-dir.-producer (black) Jordan Haworth Peele on Feb. 21 in Manhattan, N.Y.; black father, white mother; educated at Sarah Lawrence College. English singer-songwriter (black) Corinne Bailey Rae (Corinne Jacqueline Bailey) on Feb. 26 in Leeds, West Yorkshire; Kittitian father, English mother. Am. "Ethan Gross in Body of Proof", "Matt Mahoney in Madam Secretary" actor Geoffrey Arend on Feb. 28 in Manhattan, N.Y.; white Am. father, Pakistani father. Am. "Diavian Johnson in Sister, Sister", "Alicia in Moesha" actress (black) Alexis Fields on Mar. 3 in Calif.; daughter of Chip Fields (1951-); sister of Kim Fields (1969-). Puerto Rican gov. #12 (2017-19) Ricardo Antonio Rossello (Rosselló) Nevares on Mar. 7 in San Juan; son of Pedro Rossello (1944-). English rock singer Thomas Oliver "Tom" Chaplin (Keane) on Mar. 8 in Battle, East Sussex. Am. 5'7" "Weeds" porno star Jessica Jaymes (Redding) on Mar. 8 in Anchorage, Alaska; Czech-French descent mother; eduated at Rio Salado Community College. Am. 6'9" basketball player (black) (Chicago Bulls #10/42, 1999-2001) (Los Angeles Clippers #42, 2001-8) (Philadelphia 76ers #?, 1008-12) (Dallas Mavericks #42, 2012-13) (Atlanta Hawks #42/#7, 2013-) Elton Tyron Brand on Mar. 11 in Cortlandt Manor, N.Y.; educated at Duke U. Am. football coach (Ohio State U., 2019-) Ray Day on Mar. 12 in Manchester, N.H.; educated at the U. of N.H. English singer Paul Smith (Maximo Park) on Mar. 13 in Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees. Am. "SQUiRT TV" TV commentator Jake Fogelnest on Mar. 14. Am. "Oz Streicher in American Pie" actor (Jewish) Frederick Christopher "Chris" Klein on Mar. 14 in Hinsdale, Ill. Am. porno star Stormy Daniels (Stephanie Gregory Clifford) on Mar. 17 in Baton Rouge, La. Am. actress-model Coco Marie (Coco-T) (Nicole Natalie Austin) on Mar. 17 in Palos Verdes, Calif.; actor parents met on the set of "Bonanza"; wife (2005-) of Ice-T (1958-). Am. rock singer-guitarist (Jewish) Adam Noah Levine (Maroon 5) on Mar. 18 in Los Angeles, Calif. Am. "Kendra Young in Buffy the Vampire Slayer" actress Bianca Lawson on Mar. 20 in Los Angeles, Calif. Domnican baseball shortstop (black) (Colorado Rockies, 2001-3) (Chicago White Sox, 2004-8) (San Francisco Giants #5, 2009-) Juan Cespedes Uribeena on Mar. 22 in Palenque; 2nd cousin of Jose Uribe (1959-2006). Am. baseball pitcher (lefty) (Chicago White Sox #56, 2000-) Mark Alan Buehrle on Mar. 23 in St. Charles, Mo.; throws a no-hitter against the Texas Rangers on Apr. 18, 2007, and a perfect game against the Tampa Bay Rays on July 23, 2009. Am. "Ned in Pushing Daisies", "Fernando Wood in Lincoln", "Joe MacMillan in Halt and Catch Fire" 6'3" actor Lee Grinner Pace on Mar. 25 in Chickasha, Okla.; educated at Juilliard School. Am. "Don't Know Why" singer Norah "Snorah" Jones (Geethali Norah Jones Shankar) on Mar. 30 in Brooklyn, N.Y; daughter of Ravi Shankar (1920-); grows up in Grapevine, Tex.; sells 30M records in 2002-7. Am. musician Jesse Carmichael (Maroon 5) on Apr. 2 in Boulder, Colo. Australian "Ennis del Mar in Brokeback Mountain, "The Joker in Dark Night" actor Heathcliff Andrew "Heath" Ledger (d. 2008) on Apr. 4 in Perth, Western Australia. Am. "Jessica in American Pie" actress (Jewish) Natasha Lyonne on Apr. 4 in New York City; daughter of a boxing promoter and ballerina. Am. singer-songwriter Eilen Jewell on Apr. 6 in Boise, Idaho. Am. "Kate Brewster in T3", Carrie Mathison in Homeland" actress Claire Catherine Danes on Apr. 12 in Manhattan, N.Y.; paternal grandfather Gibson A. Danes was dean of the Yale Art School. Am. "Dr. Allison Cameron in House, M.D." actor Jennifer Marie Morrison on Apr. 12 in Chicago, Ill. Am. 6'3" basketball point guard (black) (Charlotte Hornets, 1999-2005) (Golden State Warriors, 2005-8) Baron Walter Louis Davis on Apr. 13 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at UCLA. Welsh "Bard the Bowman in The Hobbit" actor-singer Luke Evans on Apr. 15 in Pontypool. Am. "Cry Wolf", "Rubber" actor Ethan Cohn on Apr. 18 in New York City. Am. "Almost Famous" actress Kate Hudson on Apr. 19 in Los Angeles, Calif.; daughter of Hudson Bros. singer Bill Hudson and Goldie Hawn (1945-); raised by Hawn and Kurt Russell (1951-). Scottish "Robbie Turner in Atonement", "Dr. Nicholas Garrigan in The Last King of Scotland" actor James McAvoy on Apr. 21 in Port Glasgow. Australian rock singer-musician Daniel Paul Johns (Silverchair) on Apr. 22 in Newcastle, N.S.W. Am. "Nurse Betty Bayer in Pearl Harbor" "Goldie/Wendy in Sin City" actress-model Jaime "James" King on Apr. 23 in Omaha, Neb.; named after Bionic Woman Jaime Sommers. Am. rock singer-musician Travis Meeks (Days of the New) on Apr. 27 in Charlestown, Ind. Am. singer-actor (gay) Lance Bass ('N Sync) on May 4 in Laurell, Miss.; announces he's gay on the front cover of the July 26, 2006 People mag. after being exposed by another rag, causing his lover Reichen Lehmkuhl to coin the word "lanced". Am. "Pete Campbell in Mad Men" actor Vincent Paul Kartheiser on May 5 in Minneapolis, Minn.; husband (2014-) of Alexis Bledel (1981-). Saudi 9/11 hijacker Mohand Muhammed Fayiz al-Shehri (d. 2011) on May 7 in Asir. Am. "in Men in Black II" actress-singer (bi) Rosario Isabel Dawson on May 9 in New York City; pCuban-Puerto Rican descent mother; partner of Cory Booker (1969-). Am. "The Waitress in It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" actress Mary Elizabeth Ellis on May 11 in Laurel, Miss.; wife (2006-) of Charlie Day (1976-). Am. rock musician Michael "Mickey" Madden (Maroon 5) on May 13 in Austin, Tex. Am. "Let It Rain" country singer David Brent Nail on May 18 in Kennett, Mo.; educated at Ark. State U. Uruguayan soccer player Diego Forlan (Diego Martín Forlán Corazo) on May 19 in Montevideo. Am. "Outlaw You" outlaw country singer-songwriter Waylon Albright "Shooter" Jennings on May 19; only son of Waylon Jennings (1937-2002) and Jessi Colter (1943-). French "Severine in Skyfall" actress Bérénice Lim Marlohe on May 19 in Paris; Cambodian-Chinese father, French mother. Canadian Conservative MP (2004-) Andrew James Scheer on May 20 in Ottawa, Ont.; educated at the U. of Ottawa, and U. of Regina. Am. 6'5" baseball outfielder (Philadelphia Phillies, 2007-2010) (Washington Nationals, 2011-17) Jayson Richard Gowan Werth on May 20 in Springfield, Ill.; known for his beard and bushy blonde hair. Am. "Nikita", "Tori Wu in Divergent", "Mai Linh in Live Free or Die Hard" actress (Roman Catholic) Maggie Q (Margaret Denise Quigley) on May 22 in Honoulu, Hawaii; Irish-Polish descent father, Vietnamese immigrant mother. Saudi 9/11 hijacker (Sunni Muslim) Abdulaziz al-Omari (al-Umari) (d. 2001) on May 28 in Asir. Swedish Mojang computer programmer Markus Alexej Persson (AKA xNotch, Notch) on June 1 Stockholm; Swedish father, Finnish mother. Am. "Inara Serra in Firefly", "Adria in Stargate SG-1", "Anna in V", "Jessica Brody in Homeland", "Vanessa Carlysle in Deadpool" actress Morena Baccarin on June 2 in Rio de Janeiro; of Italian descent; emigrates to the U.S. at age 7; educated at Juilliard School. Australian singer-songwriter Butterfly Boucher on June 2. Am. rogue cop (black) Christopher Jordan Dorner (d. 2013) on June 4 in New York City. Am. "A Woman Like You", "Love Like Crazy" country singer-songwriter Lee Brice (Kenneth Mobley Brice Jr.) on June 10 in Sumter, S.C.; educated at Clemson U. Am. "Rick Heller in Born to Be Wild" actor Wil Horneff on June 12 in Englewood, N.J. Am. "Jackass" actress Stephanie Hodge on June 13; not to be confused with Stephanie Hodge (1956-). Am. anti-feminist leader Roosh V (Roosh Vorek) (Dayush Valizadeh) on June 4 in Washington, D.C.; Iranian-Armenian immigrant parents; educated at the U. of Md. Am. "Cataleya Restrepo in Colombiana", "Nyota Uhura in Star Trek", "Neytiri in Avatar" actress-dancer (black) Zoe Yadira Saldana (Saldańa) Nazario on June 19 in Passaic, N.J.; Dominican father, Puerto Rican mother; grows up in Jackson Heights, N.Y. Am. "Peter Quill in Guardians of the Galaxy", "Owen Grady in Jurassic World" actor (Christian) Christopher Michael "Chris" Pratt on June 21 in Virginia, Minn.; husband (2009-) of Anna Faris (1976-). Am. "Culture Vulture in Queer Eye for the Straight Guy" TV personality-actor-singer (gay) Jai Rodriguez on June 22 in Brentwood, N.Y.; of Puerto Rican and Italian descent. Am. 5'10" football RB (black) (San Diego Chargers, 2001-9) (New York Jets, 2010-11) LaDainian Tomlinson on June 23 in Rosebud, Tex. Am. "Kelly Kapoor in The Office" actress Miny Kaling (Vera Mindy Chokalingam) on June 24 in Cambridge, Mass.; Tamil Hindu immigrant parents; educated at Dartmouth College - is that like choka chicken? Czech model Petra Nemcova on June 24 in Karvina. Am. singer-songwriter-producer Ryan Benjamin Tedder (OneRepublic) on June 29 in Tulsa, Okla.; of Welsh descent; educated at Oral Roberts U. Am. rapper and reggae musician (Hassidic Jewish) Matisyahu (Matthew Paul Miller) on June 30 in West Chester, Penn.; member of Chabad-Lubavitch (until 2008). Am. Times Square Bomber (Sunni Muslim) Faisal Shahzad on June 30 in Karachi, Pakistan. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Ahmed al-Ghamdi (d. 2011) on July 2 in Al Bahah Province. Am. auto racer Samuel Jon "Sam" Hornish Jr. on July 2 in Bryan, Ohio. Am. ABC-TV journalist Thomas Edward "Tom" Llamas on July 2 in Miami, Fla.; Cuban immigrant parents; educated at Loyola U. French "Julie in Swimming Pool" actress Ludivine Sagnier on July 3 in La Celle-Saint-Cloud. Am. "Calvin Joyner in Central Intelligence" actor-comedian-writer-producer (black) Kevin Darnell Hart on July 6 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. "Emma Pillsbury in Glee" actress Jayma Mays on July 16 in Grundy, Va. Scottish "Neoconservatism: Why We Need It" writer Douglas Kear Murray on July 16; educated at Magdalene College, Oxford U. Am. actress Diva Muffin Zappa on July 30 in Los Angeles, Calif.; youngest child of Frank Zappa; sister of Moon Unit Zappa, Dweezil Zappa, and Ahmet Zappa. Am. "Ryan Howard in The Office" actor-comedian-writer-dir. (Jewish) Benjamin Joseph Manaly "B.J." Novak on July 31 in Newton, Mass.; educated at Harvard U. Kiwi "My Delirium", "Paris Is Burning" singer-songwriter Ladyhawke (Phillipa "Pip" Brown) on July 31 in Masterton, Wellington. Am. 6'4" "Ronon Dex in Stargate Atlantis", "Khal Drogo in Game of Thrones", "Arthur Curry/Aquaman in Aquaman" actor-producer Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa on Aug. 1 in Honolulu, Hawaii; Native Hawaiian descent father, German descent mother; grows up in Norwalk, Iowa. Canadian "Kate Austen in Lost", "Tauriel in The Hobbit", "Hope van Dyne the Wasp in Ant-Man" actress Nicole Evangeline Lilly on Aug. 3 in Ft. Saskatchewan, Alberta; grows up in British Columbia; educated at the U. of British Columbia; wife (2004-9) of Dominic Monaghan (1976-) and (2010-) Norman Kali. Indian-Am. economist Raj Chetty on Aug. 4 in New Delhi, India; son of V.K. Chetty; educated at the U. of Milwaukee, and Harvard U. Am. 6'10" basketball forward (black) Rashard Quovon Lewis on Aug. 8 in Pineville, La. Am. "Cheyette Hart-Montgomery in Reba" actress JoAnna Leanna Garcia on Aug. 10 in Tampa, Fla. Am. "Out From Under" singer-songwriter (gay) Josh Zuckerman on Aug. 18 in St. Louis, Mo. Scottish rock musician Simon Alexander Neil (Biffy Clyro, Marmaduke Duke) on Aug. 31 in Irvine, North Ayrshire. Am. rapper (black) Foxy Brown (Inga DeCarlo Fung Marchand) (The Firm) on Sept. 6 in New York City. Am. "Get the Party Started" singer (bi) Pink (Alecia Beth Moore) on Sept. 8 in Doylestown, Penn.; Roman Catholic father, Jewish mother. Am. "Justin Walker in Brothers & Sisters" actor David Rodman "Dave" Annable on Sept. 15 in Suffern, N.Y.; educated at SUNY. Canadian "District 9" dir. Neill Blomkamp on Sept. 17 in Johannesburg, South African; emigrates to Canada in 1998. British Labour politician Rebecca Long-Bailey on Sept. 22 in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester; Irish parents; educated at Manchester Metropolitan U. Am. actor-screenwriter Mark Famiglietti on Sept. 26 in Providence, R.I. Am. "Brutally Normal" actor Mike Damus on Sept. 30 in Queens, N.Y. Am. prof. wrestler Johnny Nitro (John Randall Hennigan) on Oct. 3 in Los Angeles, Calif.; educated at UCD. Am. "She's All That" actress Rachael Leigh Cook on Oct. 4 in Minneapolis, Minn. Canadian "Iceman in X-Men" actor Shawn Robert Ashmore on Oct. 7 in Richmond, B.C.; has a twin brother named Aaron. Am. "T-X in Terminator III: Rise of the Machines" actress (bi) Kristanna Sommer Loken on Oct. 8 in Ghent, N.Y.; of Norwegian descent; wife (2008-) of Noah Danby (1974). Am. "It's All About Me" singer Mya (Mya Marie Harrison) on Oct. 10 in Washigton, D.C.; African-Am. father, Italian-Am. mother; named after Maya Angelou. Am. 5'11" actress-wrestler ("The Legs of WCW/WWE") Stacy Ann-Marie Keibler on Oct. 14 in Rosedale, Md.; educated at Towson U. Am. "So Sick", "Sexy Love" R&B singer-songwriter-producer-actor (black) (Muslim) Ne-Yo (Shaffer Chimere Smith) on Oct. 18 in Camden, Ark. Am. "Jim Halpert in The Office" actor John Burke Krasinski on Oct. 20 in Newton, Mass. Australian "Ana's Song" rock drummer Benjamin David "Ben" Gillies (Silverchair) on Oct. 24 in Newcastle, N.S.W. Am. YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim on Oct. 28 in Merseburg, East Germany; Bangledeshi Muslim father, German mother; emigrates to the U.S. in 1992; educated at the U. of Ill., and Stanford U. Am. 6'10" basketball player (black) (Los Angeles Clippers #7, 1999-2003) (Los Angeles Lakers #7, 2004-11) Lamar Joseph Odom on Nov. 6 in South Jamaica, Queens, N.Y.; educated at Rhode Island U. English "The X Factor" TV presenter Caroline Louise Flack (d. 2020) on Nov. 9 in Enfield, London; has twin sister Jody; grows up in Thetford, Norfolk and East Wretham. Am. prof. wrestler Mathew Lee "Matt" Cappotelli (d. 2018) on Nov. 12 in Caledoia, N.Y.; educated at Western Mich. U. Chilean-Am. "Ziva David i NCIS" actress-singer-songwriter (Roman Catholic) Cote de Pablo (Maria Jose de Pablo Fernandez) on Nov. 12 in Santiago. Am. 6'7" basketball forward (black) (Chicago Bulls #15, 1999-2002) (Indiana Pacers #15, 2002-6) (Sacramento Kings #93, 2006-8) (Houston Rockets #96, 2008-9) (Los Angeles Lakers #37/#15, 2009-13) (New York Knicks #51, 2013-14) (Metta World Peace) Ronald William "Ron" Artest Jr. on Nov. 13 in Queens, N.Y.; educated at St. John's U. Italian "Santino d'Antonio in John Wick 2" actor-producer Riccardo Dario Scamarcio on Nov. 13 in Trani, Apulia. Ukrainian "Etain in Centurion", "Camille Montes in Quantum of Solace" actress Olga Konstantinovna Kurylenko on Nov. 14 in Berdyansk. Am. football coach (Green Bay Packer, 2019-) Matthew "Matt" LaFleur on Nov. 14 in Mount Pleasant, Mich.; educated at Western Mich. U., and Saginaw Valley State College. Am. pop singer (black) Trevor Penick (Tre Scott) on Nov. 16 in San Bernardino County, Calif. Am. "Make Me Better" rapper (black) Fabolous (Johnathan David Jackson) on Nov. 18 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; of Dominican descent. Saudi 9/11 hijacker Saeed Abdallah Ali Sulayman al-Ghamdi (d. 2001) on Nov. 21 in Al Bahah Province. Am. violinist Hilary Hahn on Nov. 27 in Lexington, Va.; debuts at age 12 (1991) with the Baltimore Symphony. Am. rapper (black) The Game (Jayceon Terrell Taylor) on Nov. 29 in Los Angeles, Calif. Canadian environmental activist Severn Cullis-Suzuki on Nov. 30 in Vancouver, B.C.; daughter of David Suzuki (1936-); educated at Yale U. Am. actress-comedian (black) Tiffany Cornilia Haddish on Dec. 3 in South Central Los Angeles, Calif.; African immigrant parents; Jewish Eritrean father. Am. "John Connor in T3" actor Nicolas Kent "Nick" Stahl on Dec. 5 in Harlingen, Tex. Australian soccer player Timothy Filiga "Tim" Cahill on Dec. 6 in Sydney. Am. "Seth Cohen on The O.C." actor (Jewish) Adam Jared Brody on Dec. 15 in San Diego, Calif. Am. "It's Not Over" rock singer-songwriter-actor Christopher Adam "Chris" Daughtry (Daughtry) on Dec. 26 in Roanoke Rapids, N.C.; eliminated from Am. Idol #5 on May 10, 2006. Am. 6'5" football QB (Cincinnati Bengals #9, 2003-) Carson Hilton Palmer on Dec. 27 in Fresno, Calif.; brother of Jordan Palmer (1984-); educated at USC. Yemeni al-Qaida member Walid (Waleed) Muhammad Salih bin Roshayed bin Attash; Saudi parents; bodyguard and errand boy of Osama bin Laden. Am. tennis player (black) James Riley Blake on Dec. 28 in Yonkers, N.Y.; African-Am. father, white British mother. Swedish "Lisbeth Salander in Millennium", Alice Racine in Unlocked" actress Noomi Rapace (nee Norén) on Dec. 28 in in Hudiksvall; Spanish Flamenco singer father. Am. conservative journalist (Muslim) Reihan Morshed Salam on Dec. 29 in Brooklyn, N.Y.; Bangladeshi Muslim immigrant parents; educated at Cornell U., and Harvard U. Iranian-Canadian Stop Child Executions activist and model-actress-songer-songwriter (Miss World Canada 2003) Nazanin Ashfin-Jam on ? in Tehran, Iran; emigrates to Canada in 1981. Russian pianist Kirill Gerstein on ? in Voronezh. Am. "The Way I Am" singer Ingrid Michaelson on ? in Staten Island, N.Y. Iranian-Am. writer-atty. (Shiite Muslim) Melody Moezzi on ? in Chicago, Ill. Yemeni AQAP leader (2015-) (Sunni Muslim) Abu Hureira Qasm al-Rimi (Qasim al-Raymi). Deaths: English actress Eleanor Robson Belmong (b. 1879) on Oct. 24 in Manhattan, N.Y. Am. basketball hall-of-fame coach-mgr. Bob Douglas (b. 1882) on July 16 in New York City. Canadian-born Am. banker Cyrus Stephen Eaton (b. 1883) on May 9 in Northfield, Ohio. British-born Am. "Anastasia" playwright Guy Bolton (b. 1884) on Sept. 6 in Goring-on-Thames (near London). Canadian hockey star Cyclone Taylor (b. 1884) on June 9 in Vancouver, B.C. U.S. Gen. Jacob L. Devers (b. 1887) on Oct. 15 in Washington, D.C. German art collector-historian (discoverer of Pablo Picasso in 1907) Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (b. 1884) on Jan. 11 in Paris. French artist Sonia Delaunay (b. 1885) on Dec. 5 in Paris. Am. "BusinessWeek" founder Malcolm Muir (b. 1885) on Jan. 30 in Manhattan, N.Y. (pneumonia). Am. plant pathologist Elvin Charles Stakman (b. 1885) on Jan. 22 in St. Paul, Minn. (stroke). Indian independence leader Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh (b. 1886) on Apr. 29. Am. Cleveland Indians mgr. (1935-40) Cy Slapnicka (b. 1886) on Oct. 20 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa; the man who signed Bob Feller for $1 plus an autographed baseball in 1936. French composer-conductor-teacher Nadia Boulanger (b. 1887) on Oct. 22 in Paris. Am. "Prisoner of Zenda" film dir. John Cromwell (b. 1887) on Sept. 26 in Santa Barbara, Calif. Am. hotel king Conrad Hilton (b. 1887) on Jan. 3 in Santa Monica, Calif. (pneumonia). Am. aviator John Arthur Macready (b. 1887) on Sept. 15. Am. actress ("Sweetheart of American Movies") Mabel "Nell" Taliaferro (b. 1887) on Jan. 24 in Honolulu, Hawaii. English "The Dam Busters" scientist-engineer Sir Barnes Neville Wallis (b. 1887) on Oct. 30 in Leatherhead, Surrey. French composer Louis Durey (b. 1888) on July 3. French diplomat (European Community founder) Jean Monnet (b. 1888) on Mar. 16 near Paris. German physicist Walther Gerlach (b. 1889) on Aug. 10 in Munich. Am. civil rights and labor leader Asa Philip Randolph (b. 1889) on May 16 in New York City. English historian Sir George Norman Clark (b. 1890) on Feb. 6. U.S. ambassador James Clement Dunn (b. 1890). Am. golfer Chick Evans (b. 1890) on Nov. 6 in Chicago, Ill.; leaves money to establish the Evans Scholars Foundation, which grants college scholarships to caddies. German helicopter pioneer Heinrich Focke (b. 1890) on Feb. 25 in Bremen. Italian Mussolini's wife Rachele Mussolini (b. 1890) on Oct. 30 in Predappio. French novelist Jean Rhys (b. 1890) on May 14 in Exeter, England. Am. laetrile cancer chemotherapy pioneer Kanematsu Sigiura (b. 1890) on Oct. 21 in White Plains, N.Y. (stroke). Canadian-born Am. Roman Catholic radio host Father Charles Edward Coughlin (b. 1891) on Oct. 27 in Bloomfield Hills, Mich. Italian architect Pier Luigi Nervi (b. 1891) on Jan. 9 in Rome (heart attack). Italian architect Gio Ponti (b. 1891) on Sept. 16 in Milan. Am. Sears, Roebuck & Co. chmn. Lessing Julius Rosenwald (b. 1891) on June 24 in Jenkintown, Penn. Am. agricultural economist Rexford Guy Tugwell (b. 1891) on July 21 in Santa Barbara, Calif. (cancer). Canadian-Am. actress-producer Mary Pickford (b. 1892) on May 29 in Santa Monica, Calif. (stroke). U.S. Sen. (R-Mass.) (1945-67) Leverett A. Saltonstall (b. 1892) on June 17. Am. "Ain't She Sweet" composer Milton Ager (b. 1893) on May 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). English "The Meaning of Meaning" lit. critic I.A. Richards (b. 1893) on Sept. 7 in Cambridge. Am. film dir. David Butler (b. 1894) on June 14 in Arcadia, Calif. (heart failure). German Communist politician Fritz Ebert Jr. (b. 1894) on Dec. 4 in Pankow, East Berlin. Am. "Boston Pops" conductor Arthur Fiedler (b. 1894) on July 10 in Brookline, Mass. (heart failure). Am. animation pioneer David Fleischer (b. 1894) on June 25 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (stroke). Am. silent film actress Corinne Griffith (b. 1894) on July 13 in Santa Monica, Calif. (heart failure). British lexicographer Eric Partridge (b. 1894) on June 1 SW England. French film dir.-writer Jean Renoir (b. 1894) on Feb. 12 in Beverly Hills, Calif. (cancer). Ukrainian-born "Lost Horizon", "It's a Wonderful Life", "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington", "High Noon" film score composer-conductor Dimitri Tiomkin (b. 1894) on Nov. 11 in London; dies after falling and fracturing his pelvis. Am. "With These Hands" songwriter Benny Davis (b. 1895) on Dec. 20 in North Miami, Fla. Canadian PM (1957-63) John Diefenbaker (b. 1895) on Aug. 16 in Ottawa (heart attack). Peruvian statesman Victor Raul Haya de la Torre on Aug. 2 (lung cancer). Am. publisher S.I. Newhouse Sr. (b. 1895) on Aug. 29 in New York City (stroke); leaves his 31-newspaper 11-mag. 5-radio station empire to his son Samuel Irving Newhouse Jr. (1927-). English "Goodbye Mr. Chips" producer-dir. Victor Saville (b. 1895) on May 8 in London. Am. psychical researcher Gardner Murphy (b. 1895). Am. Catholic archbishop (voice of "The Catholic Hour") Fulton J. Sheen (b. 1895) on Dec. 9 in New York City: "Jealousy is the tribute mediocrity pays to genius"; "Freedom is the right to do what you ought to do" - and I'll tell you what it is? Czech pres. (1968-75) Ludvik Svoboda (b. 1895) on Sept. 20 in Prague. Am. "Worlds in Collision" writer Immanuel Velikovsky (b. 1895) on Nov. 17 in Princeton, N.J. (heart failure). U.S. First Lady (1953-61) Mamie Doud Eisenhower (b. 1896) on Nov. 1 in Washington, D.C. (heart failure). Am. historian William Yandell Elliott (b. 1896) on Jan. 9 in Haywood, Va. Am. hall-of-fame baseball exec Warren Giles (b. 1896) on Feb. 7 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Russian choreographer Leonide Massine (b. 1896) on Mar. 15 in Cologne, West Germany. Irish IRA terrorist Jim O'Donovan (b. 1896) on June 4 in Dublin. Am. Rolfing founder Ida Rolf (b. 1896) on Mar. 19 in Bronx, N.Y. Am. "Clara Edwards in The Andy Griffith Show", "voice of Mrs. Butterworth" actress Hope Summers (b. 1896) on June 22 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Calif. (congestive heart failure). Am. dir Dorothy Arzner (b. 1897) on Oct. 1 in La Quinta, Calif. Peruvian publisher Pedro Gerado Beltran (b. 1897) on Feb. 16 in Lima. Indian-born English psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion (b. 1897) on Nov. 8. Chinese paleontologist Yang Zhongjian (b. 1897) on Jan. 15. Spanish architect Carles Buigas (b. 1898) on Aug. 27 in Cerdanyola del Valles. English vocalist-comedian Dame Gracie Fields (b. 1898) on Sept. 27 in Il Canzone Del Mare, Capri, Italy (pneumonia). Am. basketball player-coach Eddie Gottlieb (1. 1898) on Dec. 7 in Philadelphia, Penn. Am. art collector Peggy Guggenheim (b. 1898) on Dec. 23 in Padua, Italy (stroke). Am. "Tin Man in The Wizard of Oz" actor Jack Haley (b. 1898) on June 6 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. composer Roy Harris (b. 1898) on Oct. 1 in Santa Monica, Calif. (stroke); leaves 170 works but no operas. Am. "Weary Willie" circus clown Emmett Kelly (b. 1898) on Mar. 28 in Sarasota, Fla. (heart attack). Argentine-born French novelist Joseph Kessel (b. 1898) on July 23 in Avernes. German-born Am. philosopher-sociologist Herbert Marcuse (b. 1898) on July 29 in Sternstarnsberg, West Germany (stroke). U.S. Rep. (D-S.C.) (1939-73) John L. McMillan (b. 1898) on Sept. 3. Am. "Inherit the Wind", "Grand Hotel" producer-dir. Herman Shumlin (b. 1898) on June 4 in New York City (heart failure). British field marshal Sir Gerald Templer (b. 1898) on Oct. 25 in Chelsea, London (lung cancer); namesake of the Templer Medal (1982). French Algiers Putsch gen. Andre Zeller (b. 1898) on Sept. 18 in Paris. Irish actor George Brent (b. 1899) on May 26 in Solana Beach, Calif. (emphysema). Am. Time Inc. pres. (1939-60) Roy Edward Larsen (b. 1899) on Sept. 9 in Fairfield, Conn. Swedish economist Bertil Ohlin (b. 1899) on Aug. 3; 1977 Nobel Econ. Prize. Am. novelist-poet Allen Tate (b. 1899) on Feb. 9 in Nashville, Tenn. (emphysema). English children's writer-illustrator Edward Ardizzone (b. 1900) on Nov. 8 in Rodmersham Green, Kent. Canadian British Columbia PM (1952-72) William Andrew Cecil Bennett (b. 1900) on Feb. 23: "The finest sound in the land is the ringing of cash registers." English historian Sir Herbert Butterfield (b. 1900) on July 20 in Cambridge: "The greatest menace to our civilization is the conflict between giant organized systems of self-righteousness - each only too delighted to find that the other is wicked - each only too glad that the sins of the other give it pretext for still deeper hatred"; "Perhaps history is a thing that would stop happening if God held His breath, or could be imagined as turning away to think of something else"; "The greatest menace to our civilization is the conflict between giant organized systems of self-righteousness, each only too delighted to find that the other is wicked, each only too glad that the sins of the other give it pretext for still deeper hatred"; "If history can do anything it is to remind us that all our judgments are merely relative to time and circumstance"; "[History is] the very servant of the servants of God, the drudge of all the drudges"; "Very strange bridges are used to make the passage from one state of things to another; we may lose sight of them in our surveys of general history, but their discovery is the glory of historical research. History is not the study of origins; rather it is the analysis of all the mediations by which the past was turned into our present." Hungarian physicist Dennis Gabor (b. 1900) on Feb. 9 in London, England: "The best way to predict the future is to invent it." Austrian-born Am. theatrical producer Jed Harris (b. 1900) on Nov. 15 in New York City (cancer). Am. actress Beatrice Blinn (b. 1901) on Mar. 31 in Oceanside, Calif. English couturier Sir Norman Hartnell (b. 1901) on June 8 in Windsor (heart attack): "I despise simplicity. It is the negation of all that is beautiful." Am. singer-dancer Hilo Hattie (b. 1901) on Dec. 12 in Honolulu (cancer). Am. "Pat the Bunny" children's writer Dorothy Kunhardt (b. 1901) on Dec. 23 in Beverly, Mass. Am. actor Ben Lyon (b. 1901) on Mar. 22 near Honolulu, Hawaii (heart attack aboard the QE2). Am. comedian Zeppo (Herbert) Marx (b. 1901) on Nov. 30 in Palm Springs, Calif. (lung cancer). Am. actress-writer Cornelia Otis Skinner (b. 1901) on July 9 in New York City (cerebral hemorrhage): "Women's virtue is man's greatest invention"; "One learns in life to keep silent and draw one's own confusions"; "Women have a special corner of their hearts for sins they have never committed"; "If it is true that we have sprung from the ape, there are occasions when my own spring appears not to have been very far." Canadian historian Donald Creighton (b. 1902) on Dec. 19: "History is the record of an encounter between character and circumstances." German spymaster Gen. Reinhard Gehlen (b. 1902) on June 8 in Starnberg, West Germany. Am. basketball player-coach Nat Hickey (b. 1902) on Jan. 1. Am. neurologist H. Merritt Houston (b. 1902) on Jan. 9 in Boston, Mass. (cerebrovascular disease). Am. Notre Dame U. player-coach Don Miller (b. 1902) on July 28 in Cleveland, Ohio. Am. sociologist Talcott Parsons (b. 1902) on May 8 in Munich, Germany (stroke). Am. "Manhattan" composer Richard Rodgers (b. 1902) on Dec. 30 in New York City (throat cancer); composed 900+ songs and 40 Broadway musicals. Am. film producer Darryl F. Zanuck (d. 1902) on Dec. 22 in Palm Springs, Calif. (pneumonia); production head of Warner Bros. for 10 years, followed by 35 years as head of 20th Cent. Fox: "When you get a sex story in Biblical garb, you can open your own mint"; "Any of my indiscretions were with people, not actresses"; "There was only one boss I believed in, and that was me". Venezuelan diplomat (creator of OPEC) Juan Pablo Perez Alfonso (b. 1903) on Sept. 3 in Washington, D.C. (pancreatic cancer). Australian-born British surgeon Norman Barrett (b. 1903) on Jan. 8 in London. Am. poet Madeline Gleason (b. 1903) on Apr. 22 in San Francisco, Calif. Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani (b. 1903) on Mar. 1 in Washington, D.C. (lung cancer); dies in exile. Am. "Uncle Joe in Petticoat Junction" actor Edgar Buchanan (b. 1903) on Apr. 4 in Palm Desert, Calif. German-born British philosopher Heinz Cassirer (b. 1903) on Feb. 20. Am. actress ("Goddess of the Silent Screen") Dolores Costello (b. 1903) on Mar. 1 in Fallbrook, Calif. (emphysema). Pakistani Muslim theologian Abul A'ala Maududi (b. 1903) on Sept. 22 in the U.S.; buried in Ichhra, Lahore: "Democracy begins in Islam." Hungarian PM (1946-7) Ferenc Nagy (b. 1903) on June 12 in Washington, D.C. (heart attack). Italian polymer chemist Giulio Natta (b. 1903) on May 2 in Bergamo; 1963 Nobel Chem. Prize. Am. baseball exec Walter O'Malley (b. 1903) on Aug. 9 in Rochester, Minn. (heart failure and cancer). Russian-born Am. Time mag. artist Boris Chaliapin (b. 1904). Am. "Studs Lonigan" novelist James Thomas Farrell (b. 1904) on Aug. 22 in New York City (heart attack). German physician Werner Forssmann (b. 1904) on June 1 in Schopfheim, West Germany (heart failure); 1956 Nobel Med. Prize. Austrian-born British physicist Otto Robert Frisch (b. 1904) on Sept. 22. Am. psychologist James Jerome Gibson (b. 1904) on Dec. 11 in Ithaca, N.Y. English playwright Philip King (b. 1904) on Jan. 9. Am. "Monkey Business", "Horse Feathers" humorist writer S.J. Perelman (b. 1904) on Oct. 17 in New York City. Am. stripper-actress Sally Rand (b. 1904) on Aug. 31 in Glendora, Calif. (heart failure). English labor leader George Woodcock (b. 1904) on Oct. 30 in Epsom. French Algiers Putsch gen. Maurice Challe (b. 1905) on Jan. 19 in Paris (cancer). Am. "Martin Kane, Private Eye" actor William Gargan (b. 1905) on Feb. 17 in San Diego, Calif. (heart attack during flight from New York City); known for mastering esophageal speech after contracting cancer of the layrnx in 1958 and becoming a spokesman for the Am. Cancer Society. German physicist Walther Mueller (b. 1905) on Dec. 4 in Walnut Creek, Calif. Am. actress Joan Blondell (b. 1906) on Dec. 25 in Santa Monica, Calif. (leukemia). German-born British penicillin biochemist Sir Ernst Boris Chain (b. 1906) on Aug. 12 in W Ireland; 1945 Nobel Med. Prize. English EMI record producer Walter Legge (b. 1906) on Mar. 22 in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, France. Latvian-born Am. portrait photographer Philippe Halsman (b. 1906) on June 25 in New York City: "I drifted into photography like one drifts into prostitution. First I did it to please myself, then I did it to please my friends, and eventually I did it for the money." Japanese physicist Shinichiro Tomonaga (b. 1906) on July 8 in Tokyo; 1965 Nobel Physics Prize. Filipino jazz musician Fred Elizalde (b. 1907) on Jan. 16. Am. "Twelfth Street Rag" jazz bandleader Pee Wee Hunt (b. 1907) on June 22 in Plymouth, Mass. Am. Barker Gang member Alvin Karpis (b. 1907) on Aug. 26 in Taormolinos, Spain (sleeping pill OD). Russian-born French physicist Lew Kowarski (b. 1907) on July 30 in Geneva, Switzerland. Australian "Interrupted Melody" soprano Marjorie Lawrence (b. 1907) on Jan. 13 in Little Rock, Ark. (heart attack). Am. Baltimore Colts and Los Angeles Rams owner Carroll Rosenbloom (b. 1907) on Apr. in Golden Beach, Fla. (drowns). Am. actor John "the Duke" Wayne (b. 1907) on June 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stomach cancer); his epitaph: "Feo, Fuerte y Formal" (ugly, strong, and dignified); grave is unmarked until 1999: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. Comes into us at midnight very clean. It's perfect when it arrives and it puts itself in our hands. It hopes we've learned something from yesterday." Am "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt" actor Philip Bourneuf (b. 1908) on Mar. 23 in Santa Monica, Calif. Am. Universal Studios head (1928-36) Carl Laemmle Jr. (b. 1908) on Sept. 24 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stroke). U.S. vice-pres. #41 (1974-7) Nelson A. Rockefeller (b. 1908) on Jan. 26 in New York City (heart attack); dies in his 13 West 54th St. townhouse after allegedly having sex with young aide Megan Ruth Marshack (1953-); after being cremated and his ashes scattered, he becomes the first U.S. vice-pres. not to have a final resting place in a cemetery; in golf a Rockefeller is a putt that dies in the hole. Finnish novelist Mika Waltari (b. 1908) on Aug. 26 in Helsinki. Am. cartoonist Al Capp (b. 1909) on Nov. 5 in Cambridge, Mass. (cancer). Am. "Ethel Mertz in I Love Lucy" actress Vivian Vance (b. 1909) on Aug. 17 in Belvedere, Calif. Am. historian Thomas Harry Williams (b. 1909) on July 6 in Baton Rouge, La. (pneumonia). Am. mob boss Carmine Galante (b. 1910) on July 12 in Brooklyn, N.Y. (murdered). Italian-Am. heavyweight boxer Tony "Two Ton" Galento (b. 1910) on July 22 in Livingston, N.J. (heart attack). English "George, don't do that!" actress-comedian-singer Joyce Grenfell (b. 1910) on Nov. 30 in London (cancer); dies before they can create her dame on New Year's Day 1980. Irish MP Robert George Grosvenor, 5th duke of Westminster (b. 1910) on Feb. 19 in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland; owns 300 acres in the heart of London. Am. wise grizzled old char. actor Arthur Hunnicut (b. 1910) on Sept. 26 in Woodland Hills, Calif. (tongue cancer). English novelist Nicholas Monsarrat (b. 1910) on Aug. 8 in London (cancer); leaves The Master Mariner (2 vols.): "Sailors, with their built-in sense of order, service and discipline, should really be running the world." Irish-Am. mobster Joseph Vincent "Newsboy" Moriarty (b. 1910) on Feb. 26 in Jersey City, N.J. Am. poet Elizabeth Bishop (b. 1911) on Oct. 6 in Boston, Mass. (cerebral aneurysm). Am. golfer Tom Creavy (b. 1911) on Mar. 3 in Delray Beach, Fla. Am. actress Ann Dvorak (b. 1911) on Dec. 10 in Honolulu, Hawaii (stomach cancer). Am. jazz bandleader Stan Kenton (b. 1911) on Aug. 25 in Los Angeles, Calif. (stroke). German Nazi "Dr. Death" Josef Mengele (b. 1911) on Feb. 7 in Bertioga (near Sao Paulo), Brazil (drowns after stroke while swimming); buried under his alias Wolfgang Gerhard. Indian-born British actress Merle Oberon (b. 1911) on Nov. 23 in Malibu, Calif. (stroke). Mexican pres. (1964-70) Gustavo Diaz Ordaz (b. 1911) on July 15 in Mexico City (heart attack). Am. "Rebel Without a Cause", "Johnny Guitar" dir. Nicholas Ray (1911) on June 16 in New York City (lung cancer). Italian "The Godfather" movie composer Nino Rota (b. 1911) on Apr. 10 in Rome. Am. "Miracle on 34th Street" dir.-producer George Seaton (b. 1911) on July 28 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer); the original Lone Ranger in 1933. German aviator (Hitler's favorite pilot) Hanna Reitsch (b. 1912) on Aug. 24 in Frankfurt (heart attack). English "Stage Fright" actor Michael Wilding (b. 1912) on July 8 in Chichester, West Sussex (injuries caused by a fall). Am. "Playhouse 90" TV producer-dir. Fred "Pappy" Coe (b. 1914) on Apr. 29 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart attack). Am. mobster Johnny Dio (b. 1914) on Jan. 12 in Penn. (dies in prison). Am. "The Foggy Mountain Boys" bluegrass musician Lester Flatt (b. 1914) on May 11 in Nashville, Tenn. (heart failure). Am. "Ramar of the Jungle" actor Jon Hall (b. 1915) on Dec. 13 in North Hollywood, Calif. (suicide after developing bladder cancer). English actress-writer Yvonne Mitchell (b. 1915) on Mar. 24 in Westminster, London. Am. journalist Richard H. Rovere (b. 1915) on Nov. 23 in Poughkeepsie, N.Y. (emphysema). Russian "Wait for Me" poet Konstantin Simonov (b. 1915) on Aug. 28 in Moscow. Am. novelist Jean Stafford (b. 1915) on Mar. 26 in White Plains, N.Y. (heart failure). Am. TV producer Bill Todman (b. 1916) on July 29 in New York City. Am. psychologist Herman Witkin (b. 1916) on July 8. South Korean pres. (1961-79) Park Chung-hee (b. 1917) on Oct. 26 in Seoul (assassinated). Am. "Det. Nick Yemana in Barney Miller" actor Jack Soo (b. 1917) on Jan. 11 in Los Angeles, Calif. (esophageal cancer). Am. chemist Robert Burns Woodward (b. 1917) on July 8 in Cambridge, Mass.; 1965 Nobel Chem. Prize. Slovak "The Shop on Main Street" dir. Jan Kadar (b. 1918) on June 1 in Los Angeles, Calif. (respiratory failure). Am. Okla. gov. #19 (1967-71) Dewey F. Bartlett (b. 1919) on Mar. 1 in Tulsa, Okla. Am. "At Last" big band singer Ray Eberle (b. 1919) on Aug. 25 in Douglasville, Ga. Rhodesian PM #8 (1964-79) Ian Smith (b. 1919) on Nov. 20 in Cape Town, South Africa (stroke). Am. "Son of Dracula" actress Louise Albritton (b. 1920) on Feb. 16 in Puerto Vallarte, Mexico (cancer). Am. "Name That Tune" host George DeWitt (b. 1922) on July 14 in Miami, Fla. (heart attack). Am. jazz bassist Charlie Mingus (b. 1922) on Jan. 5 in Cuernavaca, Mexico (heart attack and ALS). Angolan pres. #1 (1975-9) Agostinho Neto (b. 1922) on Sept. 10 in Moscow, Russia (cancer). Afghan Muslim religious leader Mawlana Faizani (b. 1923) on ? (executed?). Equatorial Guinea #1 (1968-79) Francisco Macias Nguema (b. 1924) On Sept. 29 in Bioko. Am. "The Rebel Outlaw: Josie Wales" novelist Asa Earl "Forrest" Carter (b. 1925) on June 7 in Abilene, Tex.; leaves the novel "The Wanderings of Little Tree", which is filmed in 1997. Am. county singer-songwriter Wayne Paul Walker (b. 1925) on Jan. 2 in Nashville, Tenn. (cancer). Pakistani pres. (1971-3) and PM (1973-7) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (b. 1928) on Apr. 4 in Rawalpindi (hanged). Soviet "Babi Yar" novelist Anatoly Kuznetsov (b. 1929) on June 13 in London (London). Am. R&B singer Jackie Brenston (b. 1930) on Dec. 15 in Memphis, Tenn. (heart attack). Am. "Conrad Birdie in Bye Bye Birdie" actor Jesse Pearson (b. 1930) on Dec. 5 in Monroe, La. Ghanaian pres. #6 (1972-8) Gen. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong (b. 1931) on June 16 in Accra (executed). Am. rockabilly singer Dorsey Burnette (b. 1932) on Aug. 19 in Canoga Park, Calif. (heart attack). Am. "Lurch" actor Ted Cassidy (b. 1932) on Jan. 16 in Los Angeles, Calif. (heart failure). Am. actor Jim Hutton (b. 1934) on June 2 in Los Angeles, Calif. (liver cancer). Am. "A Texas Trilogy" playwright-actor Preston Jones (b. 1936) on Sept. 19 in Albuquerque, N.M. (ulcer). Ghanaian pres. #7 (1978-9) Gen. Fred Akuffo (b. 1937) on June 26 in Accra (executed). Am. rock drummer Angus MacLise (b. 1938) on June 21 in Kathmandu, Nepal (TB). Am. actress Jean Seberg (b. 1938) on Sept. 8 in Paris (OD); found in the back seat of her car with a note reading "Forgive me, I can no longer live with my nerves" (murder?) after she disappeared from her Paris apt. in Aug wearing only a blanket and carrying barbituates. German radical "Red" Rudi Dutschke (b. 1940) on Dec. 24 in Raarhus, Denmark; drowns after an epileptic attack. Am. "The Hustle" musician-producer Van McCoy (b. 1940) on July 6 in Englewood, N.J. (heart attack); leaves 700 song copyrights. Am. TV horse Mr. Ed (Bamboo Harvester) (b. 1946) on Feb. 28. Am. baseball catcher (New York Yankees) Thurman Munson (b. 1947) on Aug. 2 near Canton, Ohio (plane crash). Am. R&B singer Minnie Riperton (b. 1947) on July 12 in Los Angeles, Calif. (cancer). Scottish "Wings" musician Jimmy McCulloch (b. 1953) on Sept. 27 in Maida Vale, West London (heroin OD). British Sex Pistols bassist Sid Vicious (John Simon Ritchie) (b. 1955) on Feb. 2 in New York City (heroin OD after a party in his flat to celebrate his Feb. 1 release on $50K bail pending his trial for knifing and murdering his former girlfriend Nancy Spungen).



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